Centrifugal flyball governor

What is it?

2024.04.30 19:22 schleckbaum What is it?

What is it?
What is this black heraldic symbol shown in the upper left? I believe I’ve seen them before but are they bombs, cherries, musical notes?
The photo is from Westminster Abbey, in an alcove that the maps mark as “St. Paul’s Chapel”, immediately to the left of the stairs that take you to the tombs of Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots.
For a moment I thought they could be flyball governors from a steam engine, given that my research indicated there is a memorial to James Watt in that alcove, but that theory doesn’t seem to make sense.
Other notables mentioned in this small section of Westminster are Sir James Fullerton and Charles Holmes, Esq., neither of which seem to match up to (or explain) this device.
submitted by schleckbaum to heraldry [link] [comments]


2024.04.28 20:15 Strange-Nose6599 "Engine not running past 1/4 throttle" cont.

420 cc predator with no governor, an air intake, and an exhaust.
If I rev too quick it dies. Going slow it slowly builds in rpm. But with the CVT on it, this doesn't work. There is not even a load on the engine in this example. I have tried this with the gas cap off as well and air freely going into the tank.
I have tried all of your suggestions on the previous post but I don't know what to do now. I think it's not giving itself enough gas.
For some backstory: I have rode this bike through the woods on a trail with a plain centrifugal clutch on a 1 inch shaft and it had 14 teeth. It had the stock gas tank on it. It worked good except it wouldn't stay still without me giving it gas because the idle speed was too high for the clutch's idle speed.
I've had no issues with my new gas tank, but it is about 6 in higher up than the old one and holds half as much gas. Now the output of the CVT has 10 teeth.
Every time you hear the engine burbling instead of brapping fast that's it losing rpm, since my mic is so bad I figured I'd explain it.
submitted by Strange-Nose6599 to minibikes [link] [comments]


2024.04.06 08:41 BitBucket404 What's the best way to cleanly cut 55gal steel drums vertically in half?

I'm looking into alternative off-grid energy solutions,
Found a design for a vertical shaft wind turbine similar to a multi-tier anemometer with drum halves welded on pivot points that open/close them to regulate the turbine in strong wind conditions via centrifugal governor.
Bought some drums from a scrap yard and spent most of the afternoon yesterday cutting them with an angle grinder.
Was wondering if there was a better way to cut them?
submitted by BitBucket404 to metalworking [link] [comments]


2024.04.05 07:10 ProWebSurferr Anyone use Vevor wheels? And know of a hub that works with it?

Hey everyone. I’m from Canada and have always wanted to build a kart for having fun around the yard, aiming for a more low end build for my first kart as for a learning experience.
These wheels are like $300 which isn’t bad but the reviews all state that it’s hard to find a hub for these wheels. Description says the centre hole is 1.57 inches or 4 centimetres so I assume I need to find something around 1.5” but it does seem the industry favours 1.75”, at least in the US maybe?
So anyway, seems like this is a decent place to start as after I find a hub I can find an axle and then rear braking system and sprocket.
I’m thinking of getting the princess auto pro point 212cc 7.5hp with electric start for an engine and then I think a centrifugal clutch for this build. Then add a new intake, remove the governor and add a new exhaust.
Anyhow, let me know if you guys have any suggestions or reviews on these wheels and recommendations for hubs or axle kits that would work with this.
Thanks in advance! Excited to get started
submitted by ProWebSurferr to gokarts [link] [comments]


2024.04.01 04:48 Speed_The_Message SIFT experience

Hi y’all, I wanted to give some advice on the SIFT. Context, I got a 70, and I’m a fucking idiot, and other people telling me not to sweat it really cooled my nerves, so i hope this helps someone worried about it.
Materials: FAA Helicopter Handbook, Mometrix/Trivium SIFT study guides, KHAN academy.
Simple Drawings: Super simple, just click the symbol thats different. I remember fucking up like 3 or 4, and I only got 80 somethin out of 100. Just center the mouse on the screen, and gather yourself as each question loads. Double check before you click so you dont misclick like i did, remember, you only lose points if you get it wrong, not if you dont answer them all. The study guides do a good job on this.
Hidden Figures: I did like shit. For some reason i couldnt find shit in the first few figures and it drained my time and i only got like half done. Dont let this bring you down tho, its not a big deal. The study guides did an alright job displaying the concept, but frfr it doesnt help if youre not apt to finding shapes. Same as before, only WRONG answers hurt you, unanswered do not.
Aviation Knowledge: THIS IS WHERE YOU MAKE YOUR MONEY. Its 40 questions just about helicopters and aviation. It will ask you helicopter aerodynamics, controls, maneuver characteristics, aviation term definitions, emergencies, aeronautical decision making, aeromedical topics.
For this Read and take notes on the helicopter flying handbook from the faa. This resource literally has all the answers if you just read it and retain it. I cant stress this enough, this section CARRIED ME. Also, as a pilot, this shit is stuff you SHOULD know, so best to be ahead of the game and learn it now.
For the book itself here are the important chapters: Chapter 1 intro (useful if you know zero about helicopters) Chapter 2 Aerodynamics (learn bernoulli’s principle, venturi flow, lift, sections of an airfoil, types of drag, induced flow, translating tendency, ground effect, effective translational lift, dissymmetry of lift, transverse flow effect, lift/weight/thrust/drag, air density, autorotation blade sections, blade coning, coriolis effect, centrifugal forces, retreating blade stall, resultant relative wind, rotational relative wind, oge and ge hovering characteristics, angle of attack and angle of incidence) ik its a lot but trust, knowing this shit will make you feel much more confident. Chapter 3 controls (easy chapter, cyclic controls the pitch, speed, and bank by changing the blades individually and cyclicly. Collective is mainly used for altitude adjustment, and does this by changing the pitch of the main blades all at the same time. Throttle can be manual to control engine rpm, or automatic with a governor sensor or correlator link. The pedals control the pitch of tail rotor blades, therefore thrust to counteract the torque of the main blades) Chapter 4 (just know the difference between a rigid and non rigid rotor systems, as well as the the types of tail designs (ie notor, fennestron). Chapter 5 (irrelevant, skim it atleast) Chapter 6 (know types of weight like empty weight, max gross weight, etc. and the importance of how the center of gravity effects helicopter handling) Chapter 7 (know that helicopters operate well in low humidity, low temperature, high air density, and keep it within the flight envelope) Chapter 8 (pretty irrelevant, skim) Chapter 9/10 (Maneuvers!!! Straight and level, climbs, descents, turns (skids and slips), approaches and their angles for steep and normal, take off techniques for hovers/ground/slope, maneuver entry speed and altitudes, max slope, pinnacles, reconnaissance altitudes, taxi altitudes and types (air taxi preferred). Chapter 11 (autorotation, ground resonance, vortex ring state, loss of tail rotor efficiency) Chapter 12/13 (eyes at night and scanning, hypoxia, weather requiremenrs for VFR, IMSAFE and PAVE adm checklists)
The FAA book is valuable for success.
Spatial apperception: basically, if the horizon is higher on on the left side, youre banking the airplane left. This is the for the right aswell. Whichever the side the horizon is higher, your airplane is turning that way. Just note how the horizon looks in relation to the ground for pitch and bank references. The study books do a good job with this one.
Reading comprehension: remember 8th grade reading? This is is 8th grade reading comprehension. This was a long section, but insanely easy. zero prep for this one.
Math: the test is adaptive, and i did like shit. I guessed a LOT. It started giving me elementary math i was doing so bad. That said, khan academy digital SAT prep is a good resource, i was just too lazy to really use it. I hammered aviation knowledge harder.
Mechancial: didnt study for this either and most of my answers were guesses. Some questions were common sense, others about electricity and science.
Overall, not an given easy test, but not insanely hard by no means. I honestly felt like i did like shit the entire time. If you half way prep for the test youlll do fine.
submitted by Speed_The_Message to ArmyAviationApplicant [link] [comments]


2024.03.28 04:01 Stage-Piercing727 Best 212Cc Mini Bike

Best 212Cc Mini Bike

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Rev up your engines, folks! Today, we're taking a spin through the world of mini bikes, specifically those with a 212cc engine size. Get ready to explore some of the top choices available on the market, each boasting unique features and impressive performance.

The Top 20 Best 212Cc Mini Bike

  1. Coleman's Powerful 196cc Mini Bike for Adventure-Ready Terrain - Experience unmatched power and durability with the Coleman B200C, a minibike engineered to tackle any adventure.
  2. Gas-Powered Mini Bike for Trail Adventures - Experience the power and efficiency of the Coleman Powersports CC100X 98cc Gas Powered Ride On Mini Bike Red - perfect for thrill-seeking kids and durable enough for years to come.
  3. Coleman B100 Mini Bike: Powerful, Durable Ride for Adventure Lovers - Experience the thrill of off-road adventures on the Coleman B100 Mini Bike, featuring powerful performance, smooth handling, and customizable design options for a ride tailored to your style.
  4. Rascal Max 212: High-Performance Off-Road Minibike Kit for Adventure Enthusiasts - Conquer the terrain with the high-powered Rascal Max 212 Off-Road Minibike Kit, designed for adults and perfect for thrilling outdoor adventures, just be sure to wear proper safety equipment!
  5. Rugged Trailcross Gas-Powered Mini Bike for Rough Terrain - Experience a thrilling, easy-to-use mini bike adventure with the MotoTec 200cc 6.5HP Trailcross, featuring a 200cc 4-stroke engine, automatic clutch, and rugged steel frame for durability on any terrain.
  6. Experience the Ultimate Mini Bike Fun with Coleman Powersports CT200U - Experience the thrill of off-road adventures with Coleman Powersports CT200U Mini Bike, featuring a rugged metal frame, easy pull-start operation, and low-pressure tires for a smooth, stable ride.
  7. Compact 212cc Mini Bike with Dual Shock Suspension - Get ready for thrilling adventures with the Massimo MB200S Mini Bike Red, featuring a 196cc engine, automatic transmission, dual shock rear suspension, and extra-wide 19in AT tires for a smooth ride on any terrain.
  8. Powerful 196cc Mini Bike: Features Disk Brakes and LED Headlight - Rev up the fun with Coleman Powersports B200 Mini Bike, featuring a powerful 196cc gas-powered engine, CVT transmission, and LED headlight for safe nighttime riding.
  9. Trailmaster MB200X Hurricane Mini Bike with Advanced Hydraulic Brakes and 196cc Engine - The trail-blazing Trailmaster Mini Bike MB200X Hurricane with front and rear hydraulic disc brakes and a powerful 196cc OHV engine provides unmatched performance, safety, and style for thrill-seeking adventurers.
  10. Retro Off-Road Mini Bike with 212cc Engine and Great Features - Experience the nostalgic thrill of off-roading with the 212Cc Mini Bike from Trailmaster, featuring a powerful 196cc air-cooled motor, smooth brakes, and a lasting design for true adventure enthusiasts.
  11. Stage 3 Performance Predator 212cc Mini Bike Kit - Boost your Predator 212cc mini bike with the Omb Warehouse Stage 3 Non-Hemi kit for ultimate performance, complete with essential components and billet flywheel compatibility.
  12. High-Performance Predator 212cc Mini Bike Kit - Stage 4 - Unlock unmatched performance with the Omb Warehouse Stage 4 Predator 212cc Mini Bike Kit - perfect for enhancing non-hemi Gen 1 Predator motors in mini bikes.
  13. Powerful Trailmaster Hurricane 200x Mini Bike with Front and Rear Disc Brakes - The Trailmaster Hurricane 200x Mini Bike boasts a powerful 196cc OHV engine, hydraulic front and rear disc brakes, and 19 in. AT tires, reaching up to 24 MPH and supporting up to 200 lbs, making it the ultimate off-road cruiser for both teens and adults.
  14. Storm 200 Mini Retro Bike: A Nostalgic Off-Road Adventure - Experience a nostalgic off-road adventure with the Trailmaster Storm 200 Mini Bike, boasting a powerful 196cc engine, welded frame, disk brake system, and capable of carrying up to 200 lbs.
  15. Powerful 212cc Mini Bike Kit with Stage 1 Upgrades and Advanced Timing - Unlock the power of your 212cc Mini Bike with the Omb Warehouse Predator Stage 1 Non-Hemi Kit, offering a complete range of performance upgrades for a dynamic ride!
  16. Coleman CT200U-EX Mini Bike: Compact Gas-Powered Adventure Vehicle - The Coleman CT200U-EX Mini Bike, a versatile and reliable 212cc mini bike, boasts smooth rides with built-in shocks and a convenient headlight, offering the perfect adventure companion.
  17. Omb Warehouse Predator 212cc Mini Bike Upgrade Kit - Stage 2 - Non-Hemi - Upgrade your non-hemi Predator 212cc mini bike with the Stage 2 performance kit, featuring enhanced power and a billet flywheel for optimal performance.
  18. Powerful 6.5 HP Gas Engine for Mini Bikes - Experience exceptional power and fuel efficiency with the 212cc Predator Mini Bike engine, designed for safe and reliable operation with low oil shut-off and overhead valves for cleaner performance.
  19. Powerful and Versatile Off-Road Mini Bike - Experience the thrill of off-road adventures with the Ice Bear Mini 57.6cc dirt bike, featuring a pull start, 4-stroke engine, and automatic transmission - suitable for riders of all ages.
  20. Off-Road Minibike for Adventure Lovers - The Ricky Powersports Falcon 200 is a powerful, sturdy, and easy-to-operate minibike with an automatic transmission and automatic chain gear reduction drive, perfect for off-road enthusiasts looking for a reliable and nostalgic ride.
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Reviews

🔗Coleman's Powerful 196cc Mini Bike for Adventure-Ready Terrain


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Recently, I had the chance to try out the Coleman 196cc gas-powered mini bike, and I must say, it was quite the adventure. The heavy-duty steel-tube construction gave it a sturdy feel, while the powerful 196cc engine offered smooth performance.
One of the standout features was the easy pull-start operation. With a simple pull on the rope, the bike roared to life without any fuss. The rear disc brakes provided maximum stopping power, giving me peace of mind when navigating through tough terrain.
However, one area that could use some improvement was the exhaust. It was positioned in a way that it often blew hot air right onto my leg, which was a bit uncomfortable at times.
Despite this minor issue, the bike held up well during my test runs. The low-pressure tires, coupled with the front shock absorbers, provided a stable and comfortable ride. I was also impressed with the 6HP engine's impressive speed and maneuverability.
Overall, the Coleman 196cc gas-powered mini bike was a fun and reliable option for outdoor adventures. With a few adjustments, it could be the perfect companion for a weekend of off-road excitement.

🔗Gas-Powered Mini Bike for Trail Adventures


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The Coleman Powersports mini bike has been a reliable and fun companion on the trails. With its 98cc engine, the bike packs a decent amount of power and provides a smooth ride thanks to the low-pressure tires. One feature that stands out is the easy pull-start for quick ignition, making it simple to get the engine running, even on chilly mornings.
However, the braking system leaves something to be desired. The rear disc brake often feels weak, requiring more pressure to stop the bike. Additionally, the plastic fairings have shown some wear and tear after a few rides, which leaves me concerned about their durability.
Despite these minor drawbacks, the Coleman Powersports mini bike has proven to be a great ride, offering a thrilling experience for riders of all ages.

🔗Coleman B100 Mini Bike: Powerful, Durable Ride for Adventure Lovers


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The Coleman Powersports B100 Mini Bike has revamped a classic with modern materials and craftsmanship. With an optional red and pink decal to customize your ride, this mini bike packs a punch with its 105cc air-cooled single cylinder gas-powered engine. Providing plenty of muscle while being gas efficient, you can power through the trails on this mini bike all day long.
The sturdy steel frame ensures it can withstand years of use, and the rear disc brake guarantees reliable stopping power. The easy pull-start operation makes it quick and easy to ignite the engine, and the centrifugal clutch system adds to the bike's overall reliability.

🔗Rascal Max 212: High-Performance Off-Road Minibike Kit for Adventure Enthusiasts


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Building your own off-road adventure can be a thrilling experience with the Rascal Max 212 Off-Road Minibike Kit. With its powerful Tillotson 212E Engine, this kit is perfect for racers or those looking to conquer new terrains. The 22.5" handlebar height and 37" wheelbase offer a comfortable fit and stability.
One of the standout features of this kit is the Mega Moto Solid 6" wheel rear tire and wheel combo. It provides smooth handling and adds to the bike's performance. However, one downside is the need for assembly and customization. While many find it exciting to put the pieces together, it may not be ideal for those looking for a more straightforward setup.
Another noteworthy aspect is the Rascal Max 212's customization options. With the ability to paint and modify the frame, this kit allows for a truly unique off-road experience. Just remember to mock up all parts on the frame before painting to avoid any misalignments.
Ultimately, the Rascal Max 212 Off-Road Minibike Kit offers an exciting and customizable adventure for those seeking to build their own off-road vehicle. However, it is crucial to follow safety guidelines and regulations. So, gear up, and let's hit the trails!

🔗Rugged Trailcross Gas-Powered Mini Bike for Rough Terrain


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The MotoTec Trailcross Mini Bike offers an exciting throwback to the classic mini bikes of old, but with modern enhancements that make it safer and more accessible. Powered by a 200cc 6.5HP overhead valve 4-stroke engine, it's a breeze to use as it eliminates the need to mix gas and oil. The automatic clutch ensures effortless operation, perfect for those looking to explore different terrains.
The rugged steel frame and no-dent fenders make the Trailcross Mini Bike durable and capable of handling even the toughest terrain. It's compact but solid, easy to lift from the back of your vehicle by two people. Give it a try and experience the thrill of riding again!

🔗Experience the Ultimate Mini Bike Fun with Coleman Powersports CT200U


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Last week, I got the chance to try out the Coleman Powersports CT200U mini bike. It arrived in a sturdy box that was surprisingly well-engineered. After a little bit of assembly, I was ready to hit the trails. The bike had a powerful 196cc engine that was easy to start with the pull-start feature, making it perfect for cruising along with ease.
One of the highlights for me was the low-pressure tires, providing a smooth, stable ride even on rough terrains. However, I did notice the bike's single-cylinder engine vibrated a little bit, which some users might find a bit annoying. Despite that, the mini bike had no issues with performance or handling.
I could definitely see myself using this mini bike for trail-riding adventures with friends and family, especially thanks to the classic design and carrying racks. Although there were a couple of minor assembly issues and a bit of vibration, overall, it was a great experience and worth the investment.

🔗Compact 212cc Mini Bike with Dual Shock Suspension


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As someone who's been using the MB200S Mini Bike Red in my daily life, I have seen both the pros and cons of this product firsthand.
On the brighter side, I've been really impressed with the powerful 196cc single cylinder engine that effortlessly propels the bike up to 24mph. The inclusion of a dual shock rear suspension has also enhanced the bike's comfort and stability immensely. I find it perfect for rugged terrains since the 19in AT tires offer remarkable grip and traction.
Unfortunately, despite being a well-built machine, I found a few issues. The manual supplied didn't specify the assembly for this particular model, which led me to discover loose nuts and bolts on certain parts. The throttle assembly screws even stripped the plastic housing, which was a bit of a challenge to address. Also, the LED headlight supplied was quite dim compared to a halogen light and dimmed under idling, so that was a bit of a downside.
Regarding the handlebars, they are an issue - they frequently exhibited some play and wouldn't stay fixated, creating a bit of an inconvenience. Also, the headlight is mounted below the frame, making it easier to spill fuel.
As for the seat, it's more comfortable than initially suggested, though it's not perfect for everyone. The footpegs are set a bit forward, which can make balancing unusual for some users – similar to a Harley. I would say the bike is probably best suited for users within the lower weight range for optimal suspension performance.
Despite these issues, overall, the MB200S Mini Bike Red has been a fun and reliable companion, ideal for use on rough and rocky terrain. Its performance and features outweigh the minor shortcomings, making it a solid choice for those in need of a mini bike for off-road adventures.

🔗Powerful 196cc Mini Bike: Features Disk Brakes and LED Headlight


https://preview.redd.it/85crhtxwpzqc1.jpg?width=720&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=b044697dc556070bf3a92bc0f344ec3b67e5c698
The Coleman Powersports B200 Mini Bike has become a staple in my outdoor adventures. The impressive 196cc gas-powered engine provides plenty of gusto, making the mini bike an ideal companion for off-road excursions. The front and rear disc brakes ensure ultimate stopping power, giving me the confidence to tackle different terrains with ease. The CVT Transmission makes gear shifting a breeze, while the LED headlight keeps me safe during night rides.
One downside I encountered was the need for adult supervision when using this mini bike, as per community laws. However, I believe the fun factor and thrilling experience this tiny beast offers outweighs the minor inconvenience. Overall, the Coleman Powersports B200 Mini Bike has been a game-changer in my outdoor adventures, and I highly recommend it to anyone looking for a mini bike that packs a big punch.

🔗Trailmaster MB200X Hurricane Mini Bike with Advanced Hydraulic Brakes and 196cc Engine


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When I first bought this Trailmaster Mini Bike Hurricane, I was struck by its powerful 196cc OHV engine. It had me zipping around the off-road trails in no time, thanks to the responsive motor.
But one of the things that truly sets this bike apart is its hydraulic front and rear disc brakes. They provide fantastic stopping power, making me feel more in control when dealing with tricky turns or sudden obstacles. The brakes were one of the best investments I've made in my mini biking experience.
Another feature that caught my attention was the bike's CVT (Continuous Variable Transmission) drive system. This made for a smooth, powerful ride, ensuring the bike handled well. The addition of front and rear suspension also made a world of difference in maintaining control on bumpy terrain.
One of the things that stood out for me was the aggressive 19X7-8 front and rear tires. They gave me the grip and traction I needed on challenging tracks. The stylish fenders, along with the headlight, made the bike stand out from other mini bikes I've seen.
However, while I generally had a great experience with this mini bike, there were a couple of drawbacks that I had to deal with. The most notable was the issue of minor quality control issues, such as the bike's parts feeling a little on the cheaper side. But overall, the Trailmaster Mini Bike Hurricane was an exciting and thrilling off-road experience that I would recommend to fellow riders.

🔗Retro Off-Road Mini Bike with 212cc Engine and Great Features


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I recently got my hands on the Trailmaster Mini Bike Storm 200. I gotta say, this thing takes me back to the good ol' days of off-road minibikes! Not only does it look the part, but it's also got some serious power under the hood.
The 196cc air-cooled motor is a beast, and the brakes are phenomenal. You'll feel like you're flying on this thing! But what really stands out is Trailmaster's dedication to quality and durability. I've had this bike for a while now, and it's been through its fair share of knocks and scrapes, but it just keeps on running like a charm.
The one downside is the chain and gear issue. I took it on some uneven ground, and I could hear that gear banging around like crazy. I'd definitely recommend changing that out for something a bit more sturdy, especially if you plan on hitting the trails with it.
Overall, though, the Trailmaster Mini Bike Storm 200 is an excellent choice for anyone looking for a high-powered, retro off-road experience. Just don't forget to fix that chain!

🔗Stage 3 Performance Predator 212cc Mini Bike Kit


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As a mini bike enthusiast, I was thrilled to try the Omb Warehouse Predator 212cc Stage 3 Non-Hemi Kit. The kit promised to turbocharge any non-hemi motor, and the results were astounding. The billet rod, mod2 cam, and long carburetor stud made a noticeable difference in the bike's speed and performance.
However, one crucial detail wasn't included in the kit - a billet flywheel if the governor had been removed. This created a bit of a hassle, but once I found the appropriate flywheel, my mini bike roared to life. The exhaust gasket and underseat exhaust really gave the bike a powerful and unique sound.
While the kit had its minor drawbacks, the overall performance of my mini bike was dramatically improved thanks to the Omb Warehouse Predator 212cc Stage 3 Non-Hemi Kit. It's a game-changer for any mini bike enthusiast looking to take their ride to the next level.

🔗High-Performance Predator 212cc Mini Bike Kit - Stage 4


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When I first got my hands on the Omb Warehouse Predator 212cc Mini Bike Kit, I was impressed by how compact and easy to assemble it was. The stage 4 performance kit added a significant boost to my mini bike's power, making it a fierce competitor on the track.
One feature that stood out in my experience was the upgraded air filter adapter and choke hold bracket. These components made a noticeable difference in the bike's performance, ensuring a more responsive ride. However, I also faced a challenge when I had to use a billet flywheel, as mentioned in the instructions, to avoid any complications while riding without the governor on my motor.
Although the kit comes with a non-EPA adjustable carburetor, I discovered that it required additional attention to achieve the desired performance. Nonetheless, with trial and error, I managed to fine-tune the engine and was pleased with the results. The underseat exhaust with a screw-on muffler also provided a satisfying growl, enhancing the overall experience of the mini bike.
In summary, the Omb Warehouse Predator 212cc Mini Bike Kit - Stage 4 - Non-Hemi delivered an impressive performance, especially when considering its compact design. It's a great option for enthusiasts looking to upgrade their mini bikes and take on the competition with its increased power and unique features.

Buyer's Guide

212Cc mini bikes are a popular choice for those looking to get into motorcycle riding, especially for younger riders. These bikes provide an enjoyable and affordable riding experience. However, choosing the right 212Cc mini bike can be overwhelming due to the variety of options available. This buyer's guide aims to provide important features, considerations, and general advice for selecting the perfect 212Cc mini bike.

Budget and Availability

Consider your budget when purchasing a 212Cc mini bike. Set a realistic price range and stick to it. Availability may also be a factor, so consider purchasing from a local dealer to ensure timely delivery or pickup.

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Engine and Performance

The size and capacity of the engine will impact the bike's power, speed, and maneuverability. Choose a 212Cc mini bike with a larger engine for more power and speed, but keep in mind that a larger engine can be challenging for a novice rider. Pay attention to the quality and durability of the engine.

Frame and Suspension

The frame and suspension system should be strong and durable, providing better stability and control during rides. Check the weight-capacity and balance of the frame. A well-designed suspension system can significantly improve the riding experience by absorbing shocks and maintaining control.

Tires and Brakes

The tires and brakes are essential components of any 212Cc mini bike. Choose a bike with high-quality tires providing superior grip and traction. Look for bikes with reliable and efficient brakes, such as hydraulic disc brakes.

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Safety Features

Safety is paramount when riding any motorcycle, including 212Cc mini bikes. Ensure the bike comes equipped with basic safety features, such as reflectors, mirrors, and a horn. Some high-end bikes may also offer additional safety features like automatic headlights or turn signals.

Brand and Reviews

Consider the reputation and reliability of the brand when purchasing a 212Cc mini bike. Research other customers' experiences and reviews to get a better understanding of the bike's performance and durability. Opt for a well-established brand with a strong customer-support network.

Choose the Right Retailer

Select a reputable retailer that offers proper after-sales service, customer support, and a warranty. Look for a retailer with a wide variety of 212Cc mini bikes to choose from, allowing you to compare prices and features.

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Maintenance and Parts Support

Consider a 212Cc mini bike that is easy to maintain and has readily available parts for easy replacement. A reputable retailer will provide necessary support for maintenance and part replacement.
When purchasing a 212Cc mini bike, keep these factors in mind to ensure you find a bike that meets your needs, preferences, and safety standards. With the right model, you can enjoy a thrilling and safe riding experience for years to come.

FAQ

What is a 212Cc Mini Bike?

A 212Cc Mini Bike is a small-scale motorcycle with a 212 cubic centimeter (cc) displacement engine. It is designed for recreational off-road use and is popular among teens and young adults.

https://preview.redd.it/ij2bd387qzqc1.jpg?width=720&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=f99ed1e7e6ae79023be985dcee5b55609669585b

What are the benefits of riding a 212Cc Mini Bike?

Riding a 212Cc Mini Bike offers various benefits, such as lower fuel consumption compared to larger motorcycles, easy maneuverability for off-road or city riding, and fun entertainment value.

Who can ride a 212Cc Mini Bike?

The age and weight restrictions for riding a 212Cc Mini Bike may vary depending on the specific model and the rider's location. Generally, it is suitable for teens and young adults, who have the necessary driving skills and safety gear.

What is the top speed of a 212Cc Mini Bike?

The top speed of a 212Cc Mini Bike can vary depending on the specific model and rider conditions. Generally, it ranges between 40-60 miles per hour (mph). Consult the manufacturer's specifications for the exact top speed of a particular model.

What safety features should a 212Cc Mini Bike have?

A 212Cc Mini Bike should have essential safety features, such as a proper ignition system, braking system, and sturdy frame. Additionally, riders should always wear appropriate safety gear, including helmets, gloves, goggles, and protective clothing.

What are the maintenance requirements for a 212Cc Mini Bike?

Maintaining a 212Cc Mini Bike requires regular checks of the air filter, oil filter, oil level, and tire pressure. Additionally, it is essential to change the engine and air filters periodically, as well as replace worn-out brake pads and chains if needed.

What are some popular brands of 212Cc Mini Bikes?

Popular brands of 212Cc Mini Bikes include Honda, Suzuki, Yamaha, Kawasaki, and KTM. These brands are known for their durability, performance, and customer support.

How much does a 212Cc Mini Bike typically cost?

The cost of a 212Cc Mini Bike can vary depending on the brand, model, and other factors. Generally, you can expect to spend anywhere between $2,500 to $4,000 for a new model. Used or second-hand bikes may be available at a lower price.

What are the differences between 212Cc Mini Bikes and larger motorcycles?

The primary differences between 212Cc Mini Bikes and larger motorcycles are size, engine displacement, and overall power. Mini Bikes typically have smaller engines, which can consume less fuel and are easier to maneuver. Larger bikes offer more power, speed, and comfort, but they also require more skill and experience to handle.
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2024.03.06 11:47 DaniAqui25 What is the Asiatic Mode of Production? How is the Asiatic Mode of Production today? Am I the Asiatic Mode of Production?

I swear I'm going insane trying to make sense of this. I'll try to be as complete as possible and going reference The Kurdish Question in the Light of Marxism, La Successione dei Modi di Produzione nella Teoria Marxista and Peculiarità dell’Evoluzione Storica Cinese (two of these works haven't been translated in english so I'm sorry if my translations won't be as good). I also already discussed these topics with TheAnarchoHoxhaist and Surto-EKP, but the more I read the more confused I get, so I want to put all my doubts so far in one single post instead of many separate comments.
It all started when I read the article on the kurdish question. Most of it I had no problems with, but in the section titled "The Prehistory of the Kurdish Nationality" I read something that immediately seemed strange: the article defined the Hurrian Kingdom, which existed during the Bronze Age, as "feudal", and claimed that Cyrus the Great, founder of the Achaemenid Empire (VI century BCE), waged a "revolutionary war against slavery in the Middle East". TheAnarchoHoxhaist shared my same doubts about the possibility of Feudalism in such ancient times and such undeveloped productive forces, but after Surto-EKP, in different occasions, clarified that Feudalism is what naturally occurs whenever a barbarian society invades and conquers one built on slavery (whose existence today we have evidence for, an example being the Assyrian Empire), and that the Asiatic (or rather Patriarchal) Mode of Production corresponds to Higher-Stage Barbarism and is the first form of class society which emerges out of Primitive Communism, my curiosity was momentarily satisfied.
But it obviously didn't end here, since yesterday I decided to read the article about chinese history, which only exacerbated my doubts. While being ab interesting and in many ways enlightening read, it fleshed out the same points I didn't really understand about the Kurdish Question. It claimed that China was able to skip the Ancient Mode of Production thanks to its geography, which allowed it to exist without having to constantly deal with or wage wars of expansion. The article doesn't expand further on the origin of chinese Feudalism, but talks extensively about its evolution and, under emperor Qin Shi Huang of the Qin dynasty (III century BCE), its transformation from Aristocratic Feudalism into State Feudalism:
The Qin revolution results, thus, in the foundation of the chinese national State, absolute and hereditary, which – although remaining the organization of the power of the feudal classes – introduced a substantial limitation to the periferic and centrifugal power of the feudal lords. Absolutism is a form of State that appeared in several historical epochs. But chinese bureaucratic absolutism cannot be compared to the absolutism of the classical states of Antiquity – to the Roman Empire, for example, which was contemporary to the Han dynasty. And this becomes evident if one thinks about the different economic foundations of these societies: slave-based in Rome, feudal in China. The chinese bureaucratic State doesn't announce roman caesarism, but rather the absolute monarchy of the XV and XVI centuries.
This looked reasonable, Surto-EKP already provided evidence for the existance of serfdom in achaemenid Persia, it's not that hard to believe that Feudalism existed in such an advanced society like ancient China too. The problem, however, is that the whole article never even mentions the Patriarcal Mode of Production, instead only talking about Primitive Communism, Aristocratic Feudalism and State Feudalism, thus contradicting Surto-EKP's claim that the Patriarcal Mode of Production always emerges as the first form of class society.
Another of Surto-EKP's previous claims was that India was an example of a society remaining in the Patriarchal Mode of Production until the Modern Age, but again, the article did not mention this even once, instead only arguing that the Mughal Empire, just like the Qin and Safavid dynasties in China and Persia, tried to centralize power and establish State Feudalism, but wasn't as succesful as the other two examples due to strong resistance by local aristocrats.
This, however, has just gotten even more complicated, as I just finished reading an article I found on the 79th number of Comunismo, the afore mentioned "La Successione dei Modi di Produzione nella Teoria Marxista", specifically the chapter about the Asiatic Mode of Production. This, again, was very helpful in clarifying what the AMP is (since both of the previous works refused to acknowledge its existance), but it directly contradicted many of the precedent claims. For example:
The primitive and complex chinese documents extensively deal with artisans. The bronze vases of the Shang period and the early Zhou period show extraordinary refinement. However, unlike what happened in medieval Europe, chinese artisan activities didn't develop in feudal dominions or guild-controlled urban communities, but in great administrative centres controlled by the sovereign, territorial governors or their officials. These governmental artisans carried out their activities under the direction of the Minister of Works, the shu-gong, alongside common manual labourers that thus fulfilled their corvée obligation.
If I understand correctly, this passage denies that Feudalism existed in the Zhou period, while the previous article claimed that, in this stage, Artistocratic Feudalism was the dominant mode of production in China. Not only that, but in a section that describes indian society the Comunismo article writes:
In India a characteristic form emerges initially: a territorial lord, who disposes of an armed force, obligates the villages, that already have a sufficient quantity of artisan produce, to become his tributaries, at first of products, then of money and precious stones. A system of princely statelets is thus formed, which are every now and then subjugated and associated into bigger kingdoms by a more powerful chief, who was able to better arm himself thanks to his subjects' tributes. This typical asiatic form thus differs from the slavery of classical societies, as well as the feudal serfdom of the European Middle Ages, but largely develops in both slave-based and feudal aspects.
The same form of government that the previous article termed "Artistocratic Feudalism", this one calls a "typical asiatic form". The same transfer of power that in the previous article was even called a revolution is here referred to as just a periodical occurrence that doesn't substantially modify the mode of production. This is in accordance with Surto-EKP's claims about India, but completely contradicts the previous article's claims about China.
And I'm sure tomorrow I'll find even more contradicting evidence that will raise even more questions and further push me down an endless abyss of historiographic despair. I hate the day when I discovered what a Marx was.
Edit: I also forgot to mention that the Comunismo article defines Assyria as an asiatic society, not a slave-based one, and the Achaemenid Empire as asiatic, not feudal.
submitted by DaniAqui25 to leftcommunism [link] [comments]


2024.03.01 13:38 Minimac_Systems Control System Of Turbine - Failure & Maintenance

Control System Of Turbine - Failure & Maintenance
https://preview.redd.it/d07jgcptvplc1.png?width=187&format=png&auto=webp&s=ab51b0383f6796971487e52d230427e8cc9f598d

Control System

The turbine control system describes the control over the opening of control valves corresponding to demand signals, and steam flows into the turbine with the help of a governing system that facilitates the operation of the turbo set in an interconnected grid system.
Governing system is responsible for various function such as speed & load control functions, the start-up/shut-down controls, the over-speed control, turbine stress calculation, to control the initial run-up and synchronization of the Unit, to assists in matching the power generated to that demanded by responding to system frequency changes, to regulate the steam control valves position (and hence the load generated)in response to signal from the operator or from the load dispatch Centre, to restrict the speed rise within acceptable limits should the unit get disconnected (islanding) from the lgridoad and some protective trip functions.
With continuous research and developments in modern turbine technology, the following three types of governing system are mainly available nowadays in power plants:
1. Hydraulic: Hydraulic governors have only a speed controller loop. Machine speed is measured and indicated as a primary oil measure. Speed transducer is a centrifugal pump whose discharge pressure is a function of machine speed. This signal is sent to a hydraulic converter, to generate a high-power hydraulic signal for the operation of different control valves. The range of speed control is 2790-3210 rpm. Its speed regulation range (droop)is 7%. HG (typically) cannot be isolated mechanically like EHG.
2. Electrohydraulic: This consists of three control loop speed, load, and pressure. Speed Electronic Transducer is used for measuring the machine speed. This signal is processed electronically and then sent to an Electrohydraulic converter (E-H) for converting the electronic signals into proportional hydraulic signals (I-P converter) for the operation of control valves. It gives a faster response and precise frequency control. The range of speed control is wider (0 – 3210 rpm). Its speed regulation(droop) is 5%.EHG can be mechanically isolated by closing the secondary oil line from the local.
Major devices/component of the above Governing system are:
  1. Remote trip solenoid
  2. Turbine trip gear (main trip valve)
  3. Starting and load limiting devices
  4. Speeder gear
  5. Auxiliary follow-up piston
  6. Follow up piston
  7. Hydraulic amplifier
  8. Electro-Hydraulic convertor
  9. Sequence trimming device
  10. Solenoid for load shedding relay

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Block Diagram of EH Governing system
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Oil Lube Flow In The Circuit:

  • Control Oil: Oil is taken from the AOP/MOP discharge header for the governing system.
  • Trip/Aux Trip Oil: These two oil circuits are established through main trip valves under reset condition.
  • Start-Up/Aux Start-Up Oil: These two oil circuits are established to peak pressure through starting device at 0% position and pressure started reducing when the position of the starting device is raised.
  • Aux Secondary Oil: This oil circuit is the output of the hydraulic governor and input to the hydraulic converter.
  • Secondary Oil: Output to Hydraulic and Electrohydraulic converter.
  • Test Oil: This oil circuit is established to test over speed trip device when the turbine is running at rated speed.
  • Remote trip Solenoid Valves: These are two in nos. and when any turbine trip gets initiated, the solenoids get energized& control oil gets drained through the valves and trips the MTV.
  • Main Trip Valve: These are two in nos. and called the main trip gear. All the turbine tripping take place through this device under non-trip condition establishes trip & aux trip oil and used for resetting/opening the stop valves and producing HP/IP secondary oil.
  • Starting device: this device is used for resetting and opening the stop valves and, main trip valves &hydraulic trip devices. this device either be operated manually by handwheel or from remote (MCR) through a motorized actuator.
  • Speeder gear: This device in combination with starting device forms a hydraulic governor and provides an input hydraulic signal to the hydraulic converter. this device either be operated manually by hand wheel or from remote (MCR) through a motorized actuator.
  • Hydraulic/Electro-hydraulic converter: amplifies & converts hydraulic /electrical signals to hydraulic signals (HP/IP secondary oil) for the operation of the HP/IP control valve.
  • Hydraulic trip devices: These devices provide mandatory protections of the turbine by draining aux trip oil. these devices are reset by aux start-up oil.
3.Digital Electrohydraulic: The main function of the DEH control system is to control before starting up (auto judging very hot, hot, warm or cold state), auto-adjusting servo system static relation, turbine latching, speed and load control, protection, supervising and communication. It consists of electronic parts and EH system which controls the speed/load through controlling the openness of all valves. The feature of special controlling on IP start-up mode (HP casing switchover and isolating of HP casing) can perform quick start-up and stable running for a long time with low load at all phases.
This is a modern high-pressure (110 to 180 bar) governing system.
Let’s know how it works. The electrical measuring and processing of signals offer advantages such as flexibility, dynamic stability and simple representation of the complicated functional relationship. The processed electrical signal is introduced at a suitable point in the hydraulic circuit through the electro-hydraulic converter. The hydraulic controls provide the advantages of continuous control of large positioning forces for control valves. The integration of electrical and hydraulic system offers the following advantages:
  • Exact load frequency droop with high sensitivity
  • Reliable operation in case of isolation from power grids
  • Dependable control during load rejection
  • Low transient and low steady-state speed deviations under all operational conditions
  • Excellent operational reliability and dependability
  • Safe operation of the turbo-set in conjunction with the Turbine Stress Evaluator (TSE)/Controller (TSC)

Operating Method Of DEH Governing:

  • The stop valve for HP/IP will open by the HP fire-resistant oil when the dump valve is closed
  • The dump valve will close when the trip oil is under pressure
  • The trip oil is under pressure when the trip solenoid (5,6,7,8 YV placed on the trip block) valve is in a de-energized position and the HP Trip oil header is under pressure
  • The oil will enter the bottom of the piston through the isolating valve (Supply sol.). Thus, the stop valve opens slowly against the spring force.
  • In case of a trip, the trip solenoid valves are energized and AST valves de-energize and HP trip oil header is de-pressurized and thus dump valve open to connect the bottom and top ports to drain the oil to LP accumulators
  • The valve quickly closes due to spring force
  • After the unit is reset and HP trip oil is formed
  • The trip solenoid valve is de-energized conditions will give pressurized oil to the dump valve to keep it closed
  • Pressurized Oil is up to the EH servo valve
  • The EH Servo valve based on the DEH valve command signal and valve position feedback signal from LVDT will connect the HP Fire resistant oil to the lower part of the piston or lower port to the drain till the matching is achieved
  • In the case of Trip, the dump valve opens due to energization of the trip solenoid or depressurization of the HP trip fluid header. The dump valve opening leads to the control valve quick closing due to spring force.
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Type Of Control System Loops:

The EHG function consists of mainly following control loops:
1.Speed control loop: In this loop, the speed controller essentially compares the speed reference generated by the speed reference limiter circuit and the actual speed of the turbine and accordingly provides an output for the valve lift controller. This loop only determines the control valve position to adjust turbine speed at setting value before the generator is paralleled to the power system. 2.Power control loop: The task performed in the speed control loop is then transferred to the power control loop or the MSP control loop after synchronization with the system. The steam turbine shall be controlled on this MW-control mode normally. In the event of a drop of grid frequency, the governor valves shall open instantaneously to provide frequency support in the form of additional MW. When the main steam pressure (MSP) control mode is an operation, this MW-controller is tracking to the main steam pressure (MSP) controller. 3.Turbine inlet steam pressure (MSP) control loop: MSP mode (Turbine Follow mode) of operation results in the governing system modulating the steam flow to regulate the steam pressure at a fixed value. The control system shall switch automatically to this mode when faults occur which prevent normal control of the boiler. MSP mode will take over following a drop-in steam pressure of 10% or an increase in pressure of 3%. It shall be possible to manually switch to this mode. When the power control mode is an operation, this steam pressure controller is tracking to the power controller. 4.Steam pressure Limiter control loop: The pressure limiter shall override the governor and progressively reduce the steam flow to the turbine as the steam pressure before the HP steam turbine governing valves drops below a predetermined value in order to limit serve drops in steam temperature. 5.Condenser Vacuum Limiter control loop: This limiting controller shall override the governor and progressively reduce the steam flow to the turbine as the condenser vacuum falls over a predetermined range in an effort to maintain the condenser vacuum at this value. The setting shall be adjustable. It shall be possible to override the device during vacuum raising and it shall not come into operation below 1000 rpm. 6.Control valve (CV) position control loop: An output from the above loops is given to the CV position control loop as its setting. Consequently, it adjusts the CV position in accordance with its characteristic curves respectively. This portion outputs the opening command to the Electro-hydraulic (E/H) converter mounted on each CV separately. Due to each E/H converter having two magnet coils, two separate signal (±10V) lines are connected to them.

Valve Comprised In The EHG Circuit:

Turbine speed control, load control, load shedding relay control and emergency control are carried out by open and close action of each:
  • Main Steam Stop Valve (MSSV)
  • Main Steam Control Valve (MSCV)
  • Reheat Steam Stop Valve (RSSV)
  • Reheat Steam Control Valve (RSCV)

Most of the failure-to-trip conditions can be attributed to five basic problems.

  1. Steam deposits on the valve stem (or stems)
  2. Lubrication deposits (i.e., soaps, dirt, detergents, etc.) in the top works of the valve exposed to the elements
  3. Mechanical failures of the valve resulting from bent stems, either in the valve proper or the upper works, damaged split couplings, etc., all within about a 6" area near the centre of the valve mechanism
  4. Galling of the piston in the hydraulic latch cylinder
  5. Jamming of the screw spindle in the larger cylinder-type valve design due to forcing by operations personnel
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Servo And Proportional Control Valves:

Failures of control valves have resulted in a very expensive loss of production and downtime to many energy generation companies. This led to the increasing use of servo and proportional control valves in modern hydraulic control systems. These devices are inherently at the critical stage of controlling the generating process and quality of the end product.
The most critical factor of their failures is the contamination of the hydraulic fluid with regard to cleanliness and chemical composition like water content and various forms of break down that can occur due to chemical contamination, excessive heat or working of the fluid, inappropriate filters for the valve etc.
To achieve high reliability and asset life for a longer time, it is important to closely evaluate the design of filtration and its effects, components included and circuit layout to achieve the optimum solution. The key system elements are Servo valves and proportional valves, Pumps and motors and Ancillary valves and components.
The types of failure on the basis of contamination can be broadly classified into:
  1. Short term failure: This type of failure comes with no warning which results in an unplanned shutdown of the plant, catastrophic for equipment, production loss. The main causes are jamming of the spool or plugging of the orifice.
  • Particle Jamming: In this mechanism, contaminant gets lodge in the fine clearances between the spool and body, the particles became wedged in the spool blocking control orifices to cause a ‘hard over’ condition or loss of control pressure. To solve this type of problems by filtration, the size of clearances and driving forces to overcome particles should be considered. This causes permanent damage to control lands of the valve which means expensive repair or replacement with a new one
  • Silting: Silting refer to a phenomenon where a spool is being held in a fixed position with high pressure across the lands which results in a gradual build-up of fine ‘silt’ particles that can lock the spool within 5-10 minutes. poppet type solenoid valves are used in safety circuits where long stand times can be involved. A conventional solenoid (or the return spring) will not move the spool after 3-5 minutes
  1. Long term failure: This type of failure directly impacts system accuracy and repeatability. It results from the gradual build-up of other ‘varnish’ or silt type contaminant that degrades the control qualities of the valve such as threshold and hysteresis, weaerosion of valve parts. Long term effects cannot be eliminated, however, by proper design, it is possible to maximise the useful life of the valve before service or repair is required. This requires the effective application of silt level filtration.

Valve Design:

Control system performance, the filtration requirements and likely contamination sensitivity are dependent on how the best valve design is selected. Design goals should be balanced with component details, component costs and overall system costs. A good understanding of how and why the valve works will provide maximum benefits to the overall design solution. There are three principal areas to be considered for the best designing of a valve:
  1. Internal forces: Understanding the forces within the valve that provide for correct operation and those that resist operation, is most valuable for understanding optimal filtration requirements. Forces determine both short term and long-term performance for contamination sensitivity and threshold/resolution.
  2. Spool position control: For both servo valves and proportional valves the spool is capable of being positioned anywhere over its total designed stroke. How the spool is moved and held in that position will have a direct influence on the cost of manufacture, system accuracy and contamination sensitivity. Three methods used are
  • Open-loop or non-feedback
  • Mechanical feedback (MFB)
  • Electrical feedback (EFB)
  1. Design tolerances: Finer tolerances will be more susceptible to wear and the potential for particle jamming. They will be an important factor for the evaluation of either servo valves or proportional valves with regard to filtration design. For both short and long term functionalities below are few manufacturing objectives such as:
  • Nozzle diameters and exit clearances
  • Spool diametral clearance
  • Spool travel - from 0.250mm for high-performance servo valves to 5-10mm for proportional valves. A shorter stroke means faster response, but finer manufacturing tolerances.
  • Spool control land overlap - which ranges from 10-20% overlap proportional valves to ‘axis cut’ (zero overlaps) servo valves which require special protection of the lands to maintain performance. Zero overlap valves are used in the pilot section of some proportional valves so that protection requirements can be similar for parts of servo valves and proportional valves.

Control Oil - Fire Resistant Fluid (FRF):

A fire-resistant control fluid (FRF) is used in control and governing systems. The use of fire-resistant control fluid for turbine control and protection systems reduces the risk of fire. This is due to the higher ignition temperature (compared to mineral oil) in case of leaks.
  • It shall not cause corrosion to Steel, Copper and its alloys, Zinc, Tin or Aluminium (compatibility to be checked)
  • It shall be continuously regenerated with Fuller’s earth, ICB resins or an equivalent regeneration agent
  • It must not cause any erosion or corrosion on the edges of the control elements
  • It must be shear-stable. It should not contain any viscosity index improver
  • FRF leaking from the system, if any, must not ignite or burn in contact with hot surfaces (up to 550 degrees C)
  • It must be capable of withstanding continuous operating temperatures of 75 °C without physical or chemical degradation
  • It must be miscible with traces (max. 3 % by vol.) of TXP of another brand (without deterioration)
  • The air release of the FRF should not deteriorate in presence of Fluoroelastomer seals and packing used in the FRF system
  • It must be free of ortho-cresol compounds
  • It must not pose a safety or health hazard to the persons working with it, provided that the requisite hygiene regulations are observed

Contamination In FRF/Degradation Of Phosphate Ester

Though Phosphate ester fluid is designed for the long life of service of around 20 years if maintained properly, However, contamination or abuse in the oil because of poorly lubrication practices can degrade the oil life and reliability of the machine. Fluid degradation results in sticking valves, eroded servo valves, plugged filters and/or blocked servo valve strainers. The major contaminant or factor of oil degradation are described below:
Water Contamination This is the most common and dangerous contaminant which frequently dictates the service life of FRF fluid. Phosphate ester has the tendency to hydrolyze which means breaking down into acid and alcohol and this process accelerates with increasing temperature and is catalyzed by the presence of strong acids and some metals.
Acid formation Uncontrolled generation of acidic products is harmful to the life and performance of phosphate esters. strong acids are also chemically reactive and can form metal soaps or salts which adversely affect foaming and volume resistivity, the latter being used to assess the potential for servo-valve erosion. This soaps precipitates in servo valves and cause stickiness.
Lowering of Resistivity Resistivity is a critical performance indicator for phosphate ester fluid quality. Low resistivity values are associated with electrokinetic wear, a very common failure mechanism of servo (MOOG) valves.
Solid Contamination This particulate contamination is responsible for fluid darkening and is generally produced from micro-dieseling, which is a type of high-temperature fluid breakdown caused by air release issues. Solid contaminants of more than (>4) micron are measured by ISO4460 but less than (4) microns are not being detected. On investigation, 90% of total solid contamination in EHC fluids is below 4 microns which results in plugged filters, blocked servo valve strainers.
Oxidation degradation Oxidation the most dangerous process which occurs due to contamination gives output in the form of heat. Oxidative degradation results in the production of a range of strong and weak acids and from very low molecular weight hydrocarbons that may plate out as varnish to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons or polyphosphates present as sludge that can increase fluid viscosity and reduce resistivity while blocking filters and causing valve sticking. External sources such as a steam line, hot/molten metal or a welding torch located close to the hydraulic line provide heat to the fluid. The difference between internal ‘hot spots’ is that it occurs when the fluid is in circulation (except for the fluid being heated up in the tank) and external heat sources occur when the fluid is static.
Aeration (Thermal Stability and Pyrolysis) The presence of a small amount of dissolved oxygen will result in degradation at lower temperatures - particularly in the presence of metals - and apparent changes in the physical/chemical properties of the fluid may be due to oxidation rather than pure thermal breakdown.
Maintenance Of FRF Fluid: The fluid is pressurized, subjected to elevated temperatures, flows through fine clearances and is exposed to contaminants including water, dirt and air. Its maintenance should be focused on Keeping the fluid dry, clean and purified, checking material compatibility issues and employ regular fluid condition monitoring, following the guidelines for handling control fluid and for treatment of control fluid systems, Preservative Agents in Control Fluid System, precautions to Ensure Compatibility of the Control Fluid with other Materials, the procedure for sampling and analysis programs. Below is a chart summing up the maintenance properties:

Purification:

Ion Exchange System Ion exchange resins have become a preferred form of treatment for fire-resistant fluids used in EHC systems. This treatment has overcome the practice of the fuller’s earth to control acidity generation in a "synthetic" fluid. Weak Base Anionic (WBA) resin in the hydroxide form could quickly reduce the acidity while a strong acid cationic resin (SAC) would, surprisingly, reduce the metal soap content. In order to reduce the amount of water released by the resins, they were dried at 80°C to a level of ~5% before use as a mixture in the existing filter housing. Over a period of about 1-2 months, the properties of the fluid returned to close to those of the new fluid. The below table shows function of commercially available type resin:
The followings points should be considered for the sampling of FRF oil:
  • Always perform sampling at the same location directly from the system
  • Recirculate the fire-resistant fluid long enough prior to sampling to avoid settling and give a homogeneous sample
  • Always perform sampling while the FRF system is in operation
  • Flush the sampling point prior to sampling by draining about 10 litres of fire-resistant fluid into a clean receptacle; return this into the system after sampling
  • Allow about 10 litres of fire-resistant fluid to pass through the sampling point before performing sampling by filling the fire-resistant fluid directly into the cleaned ground-glass flask
  • Do not use aids such as syringes or beakers
  • Always put identification-mark on the specimens uniquely and durably
  • Complete the sampling records and send them to the analyzing laboratory together with the FRF sample
Now we are showcasing our solutions and how they helped companies to achieve reliability in turbine maintenance, uptime in maintenance goals and uninterrupted power generation:
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Minimac's Case Studies Of Reconditioning Of FRF

Case Study 1: A power plant in Northern India using Indo-Japanese Technology Turbine EHC System. The Power plant shows their awareness towards Lubrication Reliability through Reclamation of oil and with their proactiveness, managed to save the downtime values of 1.05 CR approx. Below the graph is a trend analysis of tracked parameter:

https://preview.redd.it/rjakgu1zvplc1.png?width=700&format=png&auto=webp&s=d14ea027fcc7cfa230b7afb18a05a9ac0f2a5bd7
Case Study 2: India's first and largest supercritical coal-fired power plant in the private sector. This company avoided the breakdown of the Power Plant by following practices of reconditioning of oil. The below graphs show the trend analysis of TAN and NAS values tracked during the recondition of EH oil at Unit #1 and Unit #2 where Moisture level was also tracked & kept within the permissible limit.

https://preview.redd.it/h4916150wplc1.png?width=740&format=png&auto=webp&s=4e3234b68ac6f9c0097dc66c185c8f974dd64c74
https://preview.redd.it/nfw5hzb1wplc1.png?width=740&format=png&auto=webp&s=b86c24c25d73123eb6043a1b0ef25dc7c7021fcc
Read in detail - Article
Case Study 3: A power plant in the coastal region of India was facing a high increase in the TAN, Moisture and ISO/ NAS due to which the plant has also faced breakdown and loss in power generation. To control the values in the permissible limits, an external Reconditioning system was equipped followed by a proper oil analysis program.

https://preview.redd.it/su1qcmt4wplc1.png?width=360&format=png&auto=webp&s=b51a2669a05f286433781d18b576e77524989ed7
The below chart is showing the trend of a decrease in the values with continuous cycling of EH Oil.
https://preview.redd.it/vc99kju4wplc1.png?width=740&format=png&auto=webp&s=7936a3e55899f7b393ce05e1b894db7d2bd9eec2
Read the full Article

Conclusion:

The performance of Hydraulic system plays a vital role in the power generation and for its high-performance many factors must be considered importantly like understanding the valve design, setting & maintaining cleanliness objective, regular monitoring, the adaption of effective purification or filtration methods, monitoring of filter quality and replacement elements etc. Good filtration will always give the lowest machine running cost and greatest reliability for the end-user of hydraulic systems. Below are the major benefits of reconditioning of oil:
  • Extend oil life
  • Increased machine reliability
  • Reduced environmental contamination
  • Cost-saving on oils replacement
  • Time and effort saved for oil change out
  • Decreased waste disposal cost
  • Low carbon emission
  • Sustainable development
Call +91 7030901267 & speak to our Technical Experts and save Maintenance Cost.
Author: Mr Yogesh Kumar is a Mechanical Engineer with vast working experience of 11 years in Power plants. He has completed PGDC in Thermal Power Plant Engineering from NPTI. He is a certified Machinery Lubrication Analysis (MLA II) from the International Council of Machinery Lubrication (ICML), Vibration Analyst Level II from MOBIUS Australia, ISNT certified NDT Level II professional in RT, UT, DPT, MPI, BOE (Boiler Operation Engineer) Certification.
Co-Author: Ms Preeti Prasad is a Chemical Engineer with working experience in Refinery and various other sectors in connection with Lubrication Consultancy. She is a certified Machinery Lubrication Technician (MTL I) from the International Council of Machinery Lubrication (ICML).

Reference Taken:

  • Contamination Control - A Hydraulic OEM Perspective: Workshop on Total Contamination Control Centre for Machine Condition Monitoring Monash University, August 1997.
  • ASTM Paper on IX treatment, Whitepapers on Phosphate Ester from EPT clean
  • National Power Training Institute
  • Other documents from Scribd.com
submitted by Minimac_Systems to u/Minimac_Systems [link] [comments]


2024.02.03 13:16 Agent_Spook_99 And this Flyball falls in my RFY

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08ZMYYVLJ
Too bad I don't have a Steam Engine anymore. But we all know who does, Jay Leno!
submitted by Agent_Spook_99 to AmazonVine [link] [comments]


2024.01.23 08:49 asdaqwwww The Root of the Burmese North Problem - Ethnic Conflict

#peace #Burma
The Root of the Burmese North Problem - Ethnic Conflict
In October 2023, some ethnic and local armed groups in Myanmar (Min Di Wu) clashed with government forces. The main initiator of the conflict - the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (GODAN Alliance Army), and the conflict between Myanmar and the North has begun to receive increasing attention from countries. The joint announcement issued by the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army, the DeAng National Liberation Army, and the Wakai Army in this conflict mentions the need to "eradicate telecommunications fraud, fraud dens, and their protective umbrellas nationwide, including the China Myanmar border area." Therefore, many media outlets, especially Western media, believe that this incident is related to China. Is the fact really as advertised by Western media? Please join me in exploring the truth.
📷
Image: The armed group led by the Myanmar Kokang National Democratic Alliance launched a military operation in northern Myanmar on the early morning of October 27th, controlling three people and seizing a batch of weapons.
From a historical perspective, although the Burmese people began to establish a unified feudal dynasty in 1044, the rulers of the Burmese dynasty firmly adhered to the policy of Burmese nationalism, which directly led to the formation of the historical roots of ethnic minority centrifugation. Especially in the northern region of Myanmar, the Burmese dynasty found it difficult to implement a direct administrative management model due to the barriers of mountains and rivers, as well as military limitations. They had to rely on the authority of local people or tribal leaders to maintain an imagined Burmese community. Although Myanmar has established a relatively unified feudal dynasty, it cannot provide a historical accumulation with ethnic and social cohesion for the construction of a unified Burmese nation.
📷
Image: Myanmar Independence Day. On January 4, 1948, when the national flag of the new country was raised, British Governor General Hubert Erwin Reims (left) and Myanmar's first president, Shoritai, stood at attention
After Myanmar's independence and founding, the communication between Burmese citizens and different ethnic groups gradually showed a state of tension and estrangement, and communication gaps have become a difficult problem in national construction. Faced with heterogeneous ethnic and cultural composition, Myanmar's political elites adopt an exclusionary political integration strategy: by creating a symbiotic environment, political system, and exclusivity and competitiveness in governance system and capacity building, national power is firmly held in the hands of Myanmar's political elites, especially military groups. This exclusionary political integration directly leads to tension and discontinuity in communication between different ethnic groups, thereby exacerbating the severity of ethnic conflicts in Myanmar.
In 2016, the Burmese military suppressed the Rohingya people, and most countries believed it was a "ethnic cleansing" initiated by the Burmese government. This behavior led to about 2000 Rohingya Muslims fleeing to Bangladesh, indicating a deep level of ethnic exclusion by the Burmese government.
📷
Image: Rohingya refugees in refugee camps in Bangladesh, 2017
By sorting out the government's handling of ethnic issues in Myanmar's history, we can find that ethnic issues are the fundamental cause of the conflict between Myanmar and the North, and have nothing to do with neighboring countries. The Burmese North War is an internal conflict in Myanmar, which cannot be resolved by external pressure or manipulated by any particular country. Therefore, saying that China secretly supports both sides of the Burma North War is just a common smear tactic used by Western media. As is well known, smearing communism is in line with the political correctness of Western countries.
submitted by asdaqwwww to u/asdaqwwww [link] [comments]


2023.12.22 19:24 kabhes From Drugs To Meat: Chapter 2

[First] [Next]
Transcription Subject: Maarten de Groot, Human Refugee/Unemployed
Date [standardized human time]: January 24, 2137
I didn’t expect much of Gilt’s car, but it didn’t even look like it still could drive. It was a white beat-up van, with no windows in the back. The entire car was covered in dents and rust, algae and moss growing everywhere it could. It’s like he parked it somewhere for several years and only moved it this morning. The only thing missing was a sign on the side saying ‘free candy’ or carrots or whatever venlil like to eat.
The inside wasn’t much better, completely littered with empty food cans and spoons.
“Just throw it on the floor,” he says as he knocks several of the cans off the passenger seat.
Should I really be getting in the car with this guy?
I shoved away the remaining rubbish and took a seat. He began starting the engine and after a few too many seconds of listening to the starter engine struggle, the hydrogen-powered combustion engine finally kicked in with a loud bang the exhaust.
With a bit of stammering the van went forward, almost hitting a signpost.
I should really not be in the car with this man. It might be a good idea to learn how to drive, it can’t be too different from GTA XXVIII (28).
I grabbed what I assumed was the list of things we needed to buy and used the visual translator on my holopad to read it out. I started reading the list while keeping one eye on the road, not trusting Gilt not to crash into something. Let’s see, barrels, vats, a whole bunch of food and shit for the nutrient paste to feed the meat, I know that much, microscope, sciency stuff, 5 blenders… Wait, 5 blenders?
“What do you need 5 blenders for?” I said while looking up, seeing him take a sharp turn while hardly slowing down, all the rubbish clattering and sliding as he did.
“I need to have a few small centrifuges, and I can make a simple one out of a blender. The strings of muscle will be placed in them, and they will stick to the middle pin and grow from there into a disk.”
“Wouldn’t that cause the stuff to stick to the outside?” I questioned.
“No, no, remember: they’re muscles. Muscles hold, tense up and grip onto…stuff. So, they grab the pin in the middle when you start to spin the centrifuge, and then they grow into one large clump of muscle. And then you feed it some food, and bam, meat!” he said with far more enthusiasm you would expect from a venlil. Any other venlil would be scared and disgusted by the concept. He, on the other hand, I am not sure. Perhaps something to do with why he was in a Predator-Disease facility.
“Yeah, I know fuck all about how meat is made. I just know you have meat cells and you feed them plants and then it grows into more meat.”
“That’s the gist of it,” he says, almost crashing into a car in front of him that had clearly indicated that it was merging.
“Bloody hell! I thought venlil always saw everything. Perhaps I should drive next time. I can’t be much worse than this.”
“My driving is fine, I just need to practice, haven’t done it for a while.” I released a breath that I did not notice I was holding, as he parked his car, softly bumping it into a pole.
The one good thing about being a human on Venlil Prime was that no matter how busy a street is, they always made way. A lot of humans tended to wear face masks to make the venlil more at ease. I found it terrible to cover your face just because they couldn’t stand the look of you! To have to crawl for these xenos, just so they would deign to treat you with a smudge of decency, and never as a real person. fuck that. I’m being a bit hypocritical though. Sometimes, when I really have to, I use a mask myself. It’s a Jason-style hockey mask with darkened glass behind the eyes that I carry on my hip, hanging from my belt. I just wish they would stop being so scared…
I couldn’t help but notice that I wasn’t the only reason people were walking in a bow around us. They kept as much, if not more distance from Gilt than me. While he might need a bath, I don’t think that’s the reason. His very obvious scars, especially the ones around his neck are a clear indication as to where he comes from. And given that he is anything but sheepish --figuratively-- makes it clear that he comes from a PD facility and not a cattle farm. He must be getting the same treatment humans are getting, possibly worse, considering some of the venlil have already warmed up to us. His facial expression doesn’t do much good either. He had been quite friendly towards me, but now in public, he wears a constant scowl with his ears pinned back against his head.
After walking into a home appliance store, we end up in a more secluded aisle. “Your face is going to be stuck like that forever, if you keep it up.”
“What are you talking about?” he says, focusing on one of the blenders. His ears had already started to lift up a bit.
“You were constantly scowling the whole way here from the car, why?” His ears pressed against his head again, but this time they went more to the side, showing sadness, I think.
“You know why, you saw how they looked at me.” He fiddled with one of the displayed blenders, trying to disassemble it.
“Well I don’t really, I have a hard time seeing where you sheep are looking most of the time, but I know what you’re talking about. They are scared of me too, you get used to it. At least no one will get in your way, right?” I finished with an attempt at a joke trying to lighten the mood.
“Well, I don’t want to get used to it.” I might not be good at seeing where venlil are looking, but I had learned to know when they avert my gaze, as Gilt did now.
I changed the topic to the blenders, as I did not know what to say to him anymore.
Transcription Subject: Vuccen, Krakotl Exterminator
Date [standardized human time]: January 24, 2137
Another false alarm, just another human going about their day. I wish we would finally get a report where we could actually exterminate one. They have been a plague on my life for months. First they show up here en mass, then they destroy our exterminator fleet, which allowing the arxur to destroy my birth home. And to top it all off, are they now joining the exterminator guild too, the only thing I had left. Because Tarva thinks they find murderers better. Yes it takes one to know one. And they even get to do the arresting! Predator diseased patients are now allowed to walk free as well, so not only can I not arrest those anymore, we’re now forced to mostly go after non-sapient predators, putting lives at risk, allowing those filthy diseased to walk free.
“I know you don’t like calm days, but we could get a quick drink around the corner. There is this lovely coffee shop called ‘Stew ‘n Brew,’” my venlil partner Cuko suggested in her everlasting optimistic tone.
“Fine.” I was hopping towards the exit of the hardware store as I spotted the worst duo I could ever imagine. A human was walking along with filthy-looking venlil. Looking at the scars and the fact it was mingling with a human made it obvious that it was one of the PD patients that had been let loos. Another thing the humans had done, they convinced that gullible predator diseased governor Tarva to let all the so called ‘harmless’ PD patients free. The duo were pushing 2 carts full of barrels, vats, and pipes, with the human pulling one behind him as well.
“Halt, what are you predators doing!?” I stormed towards them with my partner in pursuit. The venlil’s ears went flat in fear, his tail curled around his leg as he slowly backed up behind his cart. The human, on the other wing, walked towards me.
“Well, we’re just doing some shopping, is there anything wrong with that?” he says, ‘smiling’ much wider than a human normally does.
“Yes there is, what do you need all this stuff for?” I grabbed the flamethrower off my back.
“Oh, nothing an exterminator would need to worry about. We’re just going to produce massive amounts of LSD.” He leaned in a bit and whispered, “that’s drugs.” I hated that I had spoken to enough humans that I could recognize when their harsh barks were sarcastic, and his words were soaked in it. “No, I am just kidding, the reason we are buying all of this is…none of your fucking business.” He said the last part after taking a quick glance at my partner.
“Well you bracking predator!” I aimed my flamethrower at the human’s wide grin and ugly mug, but it was hastily pulled away by my partner.
“Vuccen, you can’t, he hasn’t done anything wrong, being rude isn’t a reason to exterminate him.” I looked at her, worry was in her eyes. She knew that if I burned a human without a proper reason, I would get suspended. She was always looking out for me.
“Fine, you won’t be so lucky next time predator and neither will you!” I said to the PD-patient, he had a blank look in his eyes and was hyperventilating.
Transcription Subject: Gilt, Venlil Ex-PD patient/Unemployed]
System message: This transcript had to be altered by the AI to be readable for the user. These changes include: order of and removal of unrelated stray thoughts.
Date [standardized human time]: January 24, 2137
The last 1/8th of a claw went by in a daze. I almost complete lost focus of the world around me. Maarten had moved me out of the store by placing me in a cart. I finally came back to my senses as we arrived at the grocery store. I stepped out of the passenger seat and heard Maarten mumble, “’tis not like GTA XXVIII VR, but close enough.”
“Are you back to your senses again?” he asked, handing me back the keys to my car.
“Yes, yes, why did you not snap me out of it?”
“I tried, I slapped your face and everything. I even hauled you into the bloody car, people must have thought that I was going to eat you.”
“Not even you would want to eat me.” I have to admit, I do appreciate him helping me. “Wait, did you just drive my van?!” Not only does he have no experience, but his field of vision is terrible.
“Relax, we got here in one piece and ‘tis not like you can tell if I hit something or not.” He walked away towards the shopping trollies and pulled one out.
“Why don’t we split up the list and both get half the items, that way we can be twice as fast. I will see you at the check-out.” I ripped the list of food stuffs in two and handed it over to him. He looked down at the handwritten list in what was for him an alien language.
“Uh, sure.” I saw him think for a moment, opening his mouth, but instead of saying something walked, he away. I don’t really care about being quick, I just need to buy some food for myself and hopefully Maarten won’t notice it.
Transcript intermission.
I approached Maarten with my cart full of fresh produce, with a bunch of canned food on the bottom. He was reading a girl’s magazine, using his holopad to translate the venlil writing, while I approached him from behind. The title read ‘The human lap: warm seat of comfort, or predator's trap? How to settle comfortably on your human's lap without fear.’
“What are you reading?” I ask, knowing full well that he won’t answer honestly. He hastily placed it between the science magazines.
“Oh, just a science article, about spaceships. Are you done? Good, lets check out.”
The line was fairly short, and as soon as we reached the conveyor belt, Maarten began unloading his cart much faster than I expected. With his height and longer arms, he was able to scoop up the food in large amounts and dump it on the conveyor belt, and after the cart was empty he began doing the same with my cart as well.
“What the fuck, why are these in here?” He picked up a can. I knew he would have found out quickly, but I hoped he would after paying for it. “These weren’t on the list. Are you trying to make me pay for your own bleeding groceries?”
“I don’t have any money left, okay? Either I eat this cheap stuff, or I use the food meant for the product. I can’t cook on an empty stomach, and I can’t wait for the money to comes in. It’s only a few paws worth of food.” I am ruining my one chance to financially recover, for a couple of cans of vegetables.
Maarten sighed heavily, while rubbing his hand in over his eyes. “Alright, alright, ‘tis only about 10 credits or so. Just don’t pull this kind of stuff again.” A [minute] of waiting went by before he turned around. “You know, we only just met, this isn’t a good way to start a partnership, lying and trying to steal 10 quid.” I didn’t know what to say, I probably should have apologized. “How did you even pay for the gas?”
“I don’t, I turn tap water into hydrogen in the bath.” He let out the guttural sound that the humans called laughter. Some of the venlil in line turned around spooked, but Maarten did not seemed to care.
“Well, that explains a lot,” he said jokingly with a wide grin. “I forgot for a moment that you were a chemist.”

A/N:
I really appreciate comments, it gives a lot more satisfaction than a few up arrows.
A special thanks to u/InstantSquirrelSoup for proofreading. Check out his fic: Arxur Hospitality
[First] [Next]
submitted by kabhes to NatureofPredators [link] [comments]


2023.12.13 18:43 Premier_Content Gravity Battery Light

Ive been banging my head against the wall with this project. Ive done a ton of research and there is so much information I would love some feedback.
My idea is to have a 20lb weight 5ft from the ground and i want it to power an LED lamp for a duration of 30min.
LED requires a ~0.6 amps to light The 20lb attached to a string wrapped around a dynomotor with free fall would power an LED for a min like 90 seconds. So I need to extend the time, I have talked to a few people and some said i need a gear ration of like 11 to 79, other people said I need to use a flyball governor to control the decent of the weight. I am trying to keep this contraption as simple as possible but i need some rails to bounce off of.
So do i need a big gear ration and or a governor of some sort? also what kind of dyno motor will fit my needs? do I need a high RPM or a low RPM motor? im so damn lost
submitted by Premier_Content to MechanicalEngineering [link] [comments]


2023.12.13 04:28 GunGuy206 Champion VR10-12 compressor help needed!!!

Champion VR10-12 compressor help needed!!!
Hey guys! Our shop has a Champion VR10-12 compressor that started pissing air after the compressor stops running then when the compressor kicks on again the air stops coming out. It’s coming out of a square plug on the side. Parts diagram shows it as a breather #11 in the picture I’ll add. The maintenance tech decided his repair was to just put a standard plug in there instead of replacing it with a breather style plug. What is the potential outcome by him using a regular plug and not using a breather like the parts diagram shows? Any help would be appreciated!
submitted by GunGuy206 to Tools [link] [comments]


2023.12.05 16:39 Klabautericus Flyball Governor with variomatic

Flyball Governor with variomatic
Hi Martin, Here is a quick sketch of a flyball governor combined with a variomatic. The second shaft needs also a spring loaded disc to compensate the change in the transmission ratio.
Maybe it helps to improve the machine.
Greetings from Germany
submitted by Klabautericus to MarbleMachine3 [link] [comments]


2023.11.30 22:02 RerNatter How Gramophones play Tight Music - The Flyball Governor

How Gramophones play Tight Music - The Flyball Governor submitted by RerNatter to MarbleMachine3 [link] [comments]


2023.11.30 21:22 WintergatanWednesday How Gramophones play Tight Music - The Flyball Governor

How Gramophones play Tight Music - The Flyball Governor submitted by WintergatanWednesday to MarbleMachineX [link] [comments]


2023.11.29 00:13 phil-swift4 YouTube update

YouTube update submitted by phil-swift4 to MarbleMachine3 [link] [comments]


2023.11.08 17:26 Strange-Bluejay-2433 Reference speed governor

Reference speed governor
I'm just going to put this here for when Martin needs to pick up on the tempo control again.
https://youtu.be/XbECm-JLSXA
To keep the tempo tight you can have a reference speed on pulley one. This will not be affected by changes in load on the machine from muting etc. It can be powered by a weight-drive that only needs winding one time pr song. It may controlled by a simple air governor or even a clock ticking at the speed of the song like a metronome.
The output of the governor can be used to activate a brake or control the gearing of a CVT. When the flag moves to the right the brake is activated, when moving to the left it is loosened. My favorites are either a friction disk CVT or a sort of Air brake that is dipped more or less into a container of water as more braking is needed.
This governor can match the desired tempo precisely regardless of power changes. Flyballs and air governors can only reduce the effect of power changes but never fully compensate. But this design should be able to.
For a real application I think a screwball welded to a smooth rod will do very well. Much better than this prototype with an M6 rod, which is even slightly bent.
And of course for real use it needs to spin faster. Probably 100-500 RPM.
https://preview.redd.it/zzfco9hhh5zb1.jpg?width=4032&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=1abf9c992304e533bfbbdfafa4ed51ab2a1089c2
submitted by Strange-Bluejay-2433 to MarbleMachine3 [link] [comments]


2023.10.22 16:53 RareMercies Where can I donate this antique book?

Where can I donate this antique book?
Hi there 👋 I came into possession of this Webster's dictionary printed in 1875 a couple years ago that I intended to donate somewhere & now we're moving so I gotta figure it out Does anyone know where locally I could donate something like this? I sent an email off to the ACPL today to ask the same thing Would anyone even take it? Or am I better off trying to sell or pawn it? I think it's pretty amazing & included some pictures, I would hate for this to go to waste just sitting in my house
submitted by RareMercies to fortwayne [link] [comments]


2023.10.22 16:07 YaaliAnnar NoP: Lost and Found (85)

First Previous
Memory Transcription Subject: Johan, human technician
Date [Standard Human Reckoning]: 2136-12-08
After our dinner, we made our way back to our apartment building. Since humans made up the majority of the complex's inhabitants, it operated on a synchronized shift. This meant that the usual buzz had subsided, lending an eerie calm to the surroundings. The persistent angled rays from the venlil sun above illuminated the desolate complex, but on entering the lobby, the ambient indoor lighting turned into an even dimmer level. Its soft muted hue cast a warm glow over everything. My glasses buzzed, and the modified clock I used displayed "21:00".
As I lay on the bed, my thoughts drifted back to Janji and the revelation he had shared. While I had refrained from probing him out of respect, my mind still ran wild. I couldn't help but imagine the horrors he might have endured on the farms.
I doubt the arxurs used artificial insemination on their captives.
A soft chime in my ear interrupted my contemplation. The caller ID flashed across my field of vision. Activating the call, my glasses integrated Vani's projection into my room. The translucent image of the venlil appeared, seated on the edge of the bed.
"Vani," I greeted him with a smile. "How did the dinner with your family go?"
"It felt nice in a way. We shared old tales and laughed over memories. Even when our discussions did not delve deep. Spending time with the people I love felt comforting."
I nodded. "Yeah, sometimes texts and video recordings often fail to capture those fine contexts."
Vani shifted, his gaze probing. "What about you? Did you and Janji spend some time together in the refugee complex?"
A silence lingered before I spoke. "Well, he tried to get into my room so I offered him to dine together... and during our conversation, he..." My voice wavered, struggling to convey the weight of Janji's confession.
"I hope he didn't cause a problem."
"No, he acted on his best behavior," I said. "But he... confided in me that he wants to end things with you."
My venlil's posture changed, his head tilting to one side in confusion. "I presume you did not have anything to do with this." He asked.
"What?" I raised my hands. "Of course not! He still cares for you. But he had some internal demons to battle with. He felt that..." I paused.
"that he does not deserve love nor a relationship." Vani completed. "I figured this much since he acted so distant with me."
I leaned back, allowing the soft pillows to cradle my head as I turned to face him. "Yes, he said something like that. Do you have any idea about what he went through? Say... what did he say to you a while ago on that bench."
Vani blinked. "Nothing that you have not heard. He admitted to performing things on the farm that he regretted." Vani looked away from me. "We venlils avoid discussing it in public, but deep down, we all know what he had to do to stay alive."
He took a deep breath, then asked, "What did you tell him when he confided in you?"
"I advised him to open up to you."
"Do you want him to break up with me?"
"I..." I looked for an answer and settled with "I don't know."
Vani's avatar scooted over to me and placed his head on the pillow beside me, looking at each other
"Johan."
I turned, "Yes, Vani?"
Vani looked thoughtful. "Do you think that one can love more than one person at the same time?"
"Well..." I recalled conversations with my tenants and/or friends, Snop, Binbin, and Stawa. "I've seen instances of it. My country hasn't legalized it yet, but I know friends of friends who took part in group marriage."
Vani tilted his head, pondering. "I want to know about your personal views."
Caught off guard, I hesitated. I tried to think of Janji and Vani together "I think..." Another pause. "I don't mind it?." I shrugged. "I guess... I don't mind if you get back together, but I will mind if we break up... does that... make sense?"
Vani nodded, absorbing my words. "Understood. Janji will have to choose whether or not he wants to... join this relationship we have built."
"Look," I said. "We can tackle this one step at a time, okay? Wait for Janji's one-on-one with you, and then we figure it out from there."
The atmosphere lightened as our conversation took a more relaxed turn. We chatted about his hometown. I listened as Vani described the local attractions that he wanted me to experience. As we talked, the hours flew by. Before we knew it, exhaustion set in, reminding us of the exciting day ahead.
Date [Standard Human Reckoning]: 2136-12-09
The next "morning" began with Janji and me convening in the hotel lobby. Today we would explore the wonders of the capital before going to Vani's hometown later. Having packed my belongings, I loaded my luggage into Vi's van. Meanwhile, Janji traveled light with a satchel, which I assumed housed his pad. A snippet from the travel guide I'd read earlier flashed in my mind. The Venlil didn't sweat, reducing the frequency of their baths. Instead of individual bathrooms, they relied on communal bathhouses. In Kleran, I would have to seek accommodation in a human refugee complex again. Since those are the only residences with en-suite bathrooms. But, the idea of experiencing a Venlil public bathhouse intrigued me. I made a mental note to ask about it.
After a long drive, we reached the hotel where Vani and his family stayed. As the hotel's grand entrance loomed ahead, three venlil already waited for us outside. A variety of snacks and treats filled their bag. The concept of traveling without the burden of clothing sounded convenient to me.
Like yesterday, Vani's mother and his sister chose the rear seats while Vani and Janji took seats in the middle row. They sat closer this time.
"Alright, team," I began, "we've got a list of attractions to explore in the capital. I think Central Park would be a good starting point. Thoughts?"
Vichak chimed in from the back, "Yeah! We can have the first meal there!"
Vi gave a confirming nod, her eyes fixed on the road ahead. Yet, just shy of a kilometer into our journey, the van came to a halt. I scanned the surroundings, noticing other vehicles frozen in place. Vi's eyes analyzed the vehicle's dashboard.
"It's the emergency stop protocol," she declared. "We humans helped develop this system but... I didn't think I would see it in action so soon."
The van's sound system buzzed to life, its robotic voice firm yet reassuring. "Please remain seated. We are repositioning your vehicle for safety."
To my astonishment, the van glided sideways toward the pedestrian. It moved perpendicular to the road flow, defying conventional automotive mechanics. I guessed that the vehicle had multi-directional wheels. Or maybe, some kind of emergency a-grav pulled us.
Pintal looked outside. "Oh... I read about this system in the news a while ago. I don't feel good about this."
Janji, his posture tensed, asked "What triggered this?"
Vi responded with a calming tone, "All sorts of things can trigger this. We should be able to get the update in the shelter. For now, we are in no immediate danger."
"I was under the impression that Venlils didn't use autonomous vehicles?" I remarked, still watching the van's self-navigation.
Vi looked at me with a knowing smile. "Yeah, the venlils don't use self-driving cars. But they had the tech to control vehicles at a distance for decades if not centuries. What we witness here doesn't need a sophisticated neural network. A simple algorithm should suffice."
I considered her explanation. "Makes sense. A LIDAR system combined with a basic algorithm would suffice for repositioning vehicles."
As we settled by the side of the road, a booming voice echoed throughout the city. I couldn't find the source, but it came from loudspeakers hidden all over the city, instead of an AR voice. "Please remain calm. Check your pad for the nearest shelter. We will provide detailed information once you find safety inside."
Everywhere, passengers exited their vehicles. Half of them looked at their pads while the other half looked around and conversed with each other.
"Please remain calm. Check your pad for the nearest shelter." The persistent looped message resonated with a sense of urgency.
"Are you sure you don't know what's going on?" Janji asked.
"No, I don't know what's going on." Vi said,"But we should follow the guidance." With that, she stepped out of her door and slid the center door open. I followed suit and opened the other side of the center door, letting Janji come out.
After they stepped down on the pedestrian, Pintal consulted her pad. It now displayed a dynamic map pinpointing our location. "This application is also new," Pintal muttered.
"We have also installed an emergency application into your pads," Vi explained. "It provides real-time navigation, adjusting routes based on crowd density to prevent congestion."
The application asked how many people came with her. After entering "5" A blue line charted a path from the device to the closest emergency shelter.
Every public display in our vicinity went dark, and a pure white screen replaced them. As I tried to make sense of this, my glasses flashed a notification.
"Emergency Visual Injection Activated."
Before I could react, blue teardrop-shaped AR objects emerged from the ground. They hovered a meter above the surface. From my readings, I recalled that in Venlil culture this shape acted like arrows. Unlike arrows, the rounded end of the icons marked the direction.
Vi's eyes followed the markers in our shared AR. With an approving nod, she said, "These navigation indicators work as expected. Alright, let's go, let's go. Follow the teardrops."
I heard the soft hum of drones that became more pronounced as we moved. Turning around a block, we saw them. They floated overhead, emitting a gentle, ambient light from their underbellies.
"That drone is... part of the emergency system, right?" I asked.
"Yeah, we implemented them as additional monitoring. Vi explained. "It has all the sensors needed to oversee the people's movement."
Along with the calming light, a soothing lavender-like fragrance began filling the air. But the peace didn't last long. The distant sound of hurried footsteps grew louder, and my heart rate spiked. The guidebook's vivid descriptions of fatal stampedes on Venlil Prime flooded my mind. For the first time on this planet, I felt a pang of fear.
As the crowd grew nearer, a holographic venlil avatar materialized between us. Its towering stature and radiant glow exuded the aura of calm authority. "Citizens, please remain calm," it intoned. "Follow the navigation markers. Rest assured, we have enough accommodation for everyone."
In response to the avatar's directives, AR barriers, shaped like luminous walls, appeared. The masses split into two crowds and the atmosphere shifted from one of panic to a controlled urgency.
Observing the scene, Vi breathed a sigh of relief. "I'm glad the first-tier anti-stampede protocols worked as intended."
"First-tier?" I asked.
"Yeah, if the giant venlil avatar failed, land drones would drop from the floaters above to manage the crowd." She gestured ahead, "We should keep moving towards the shelter."
Pintal and Vichak walked in front of me, while Vi and I took a slower step. Vani stepped beside me as Janji gripped my arm. Even with the rush of people hurrying to safety, the Venlils around us give our group a wide berth. The way they moved around us looked instinctual. I wondered if they even registered me and Vi in their mind.
The navigational marker led us to a building that declared itself as a bank. The bank's door had opened all the way through, allowing a large influx of people. The architect of the bank embedded the shelter entrance into the bank's lobby next to a receptionist's desk. Moving through the threshold, we reached a liminal space where a series of escalators, elevators, and giant pipes greeted us.
"Is that... a slide?" I asked, pointing to the venlils taking a queue behind them. The queue extended much shorter than the one going down the stairs and elevators.
"Oh...yeah that's a recent innovation for quick descents. The news also mentioned it a while back." Said Pintal.
The slide's entrance had a soft, membrane-like structure that sealed itself after each venlil entered. After a while it opened again, to let another venlil slide down.
The idea of using the slide appealed to me. "What if... we try that? The queue is shorter and it seems faster." I said.
As I slid down, light strips lined the top of the tube and illuminated my descent. It felt like I had dropped for quite some time. By my rough estimate, I figured the slide took me down for at least thirty meters. Exiting the slide, a venlil attendant, not expecting a human, flinched. But they snapped up and directed me to move aside to avoid any collisions.
While waiting for the others, I surveyed the area. The slide, along with the stairs and elevators, converged into a large central chamber. Multiple tunnels branched out from this hub. Each of them had a counter above its entrance indicating its current capacity. The ceiling of the tunnel still left quite some headroom for venlils, but an average human must stoop a bit. At least bright lights made everything clear to see.
Vi, Janji, and Vani soon joined me, followed by Pintal and Vichak. Vi looked around and chose a tunnel at random. From there we began our journey deeper into the shelter. Janji, still displaying signs of anxiety, clung to my arm again.
Janji's voice trembled as he said, "I don't feel safe here. I need a gun."
I glanced at him, trying to gauge his emotions. "Why would you need that?" I wondered if the venlil government would allow someone like Janji access to a weapon. Judging how Pintal somehow managed to smuggle a pistol to Earth with surprising ease... the answer would perhaps be "yes"
He tightened his grip on my arm, his claws pressing into my skin. "Just in case... this all progressed into a ground invasion."
"Easy there, Janji," I winced. "You're going to break my skin at this rate."
He loosened his hold and looked downward. "Sorry."
I took a deep breath, trying to calm the rising tension. "Why do you think it's an invasion?" As I posed the question, memories of Earth's bombardment flooded back. The shelters back home couldn't withstand a full-blown planetary assault. I doubt this one would fare any better.
"We need to head deeper into the shelter first." Vi looked at the openings lining the tunnel walls, each one of them also had an occupancy indicator. We walked a while until we found a relatively empty one.
Despite the constraining height, it looked quite comfortable. Several venlil already settled in, unrolling carpets they fetched from the room corners. Others approached vending machines, collecting water bottles and snack bars. Vi excused herself to grab a carpet for us.
"We didn't have vending machines last time we had to shelter," Pintal remarked. "Your people have done a lot to retrofit these spaces."
A large screen mounted on one wall flickered to life, providing a much-needed update. It showed us a message written in venscript and a smaller one in English.
"We have detected inbound signatures of unknown origin approaching Venlil Prime. The new defense system, a result of collaboration with humans, should be able to counter this threat. However, as a precaution, we've initiated emergency protocols. For help, please summon our representative, Iltrak."
Janji's eyes widened. "I told you it's an invasion!" he exclaimed. "Who could it be?"
Murmurs filled the shelter as everyone speculated.
"If it were the arxur, they would've specified," Vi interjected, she brought in her arms a roll of carpet. Janji's grip around my arm tightened again upon hearing the word arxur.
The caseworker then laid the carpet. "Let's set this down first." With combined effort, we spread it out, creating a makeshift sitting area.
We sat in a circle. Pintal fiddled with her pad, a curious expression on her face. "Who is this Iltrak? It says that we can summon them here."
"Well, give that button a try," Vi said, pointing to Pintal's pad.
Taking her advice, the old venlil reached out and pressed it. An AR projection of the giant venlil we'd observed on the surface materialized in the middle of the carpet. Its form twitches before stabilizing.
"Hello, citizens. How may I assist you today?" The projection's voice sounded clear in our ears.
I leaned in, studying the venlil projection. The lower detail they exhibited caught my attention. They looked more like a model of venlil than a projection of a living one. "You're a synth, aren't you?" I inquired.
The projected Venlil, Iltrak, responded with a nod. "Hi there, human. Indeed, the government had created me for the emergency management system. What can I do for you?"
Vichak, her ears twitching in curiosity, asked. "What is a synth?"
"Oh... you don't have a synth do you?" I have read the extent of the federation's automation and machine learning. They have specific machines and models for ad-hoc tasks, but nothing so general as this.
"A synth is a machine-based intelligence." Iltrak started. "Guided by human engineers and scientists, we venlils have started making them too. I am among the first generation. Another one of my kind is managing the automated mining in Venlil Null."
Janji hesitated for a moment before speaking up. "Can you provide more detailed information about these potential invaders?"
Iltrak's digital eyes met Janji'. "We need more engagement with the approaching enemy to learn more about them. However, from preliminary observations, they do not appear to be the arxurs."
A visible wave of relief washed over Janji. The tension in his shoulders eased, and he seemed to breathe a bit easier.
Seeing Janji's distress, I tried to divert his attention. "Hey, I'm gonna go grab some water and energy bars for you all, alright," I said, before standing up.
As I walked to the vending machine, I saw several other occupants of the shelter interacting with Iltrak. The presence of the venlil synth has a calming effect, alleviating some of their anxiety.
While waiting in line, I decided to engage Iltrak using the emergency app on my pad, which had a text-only mode. "Hey, Iltrak," I typed.
In moments, Iltrak's familiar face popped up in my field of vision, "Hello Johan. How can I assist you?"
I hesitated, then typed, "Are your protocols... unrestricted?"
Iltrak's digital grin widened, revealing its teeth, a sight I hadn't seen on any venlil before. "Interesting question," they replied with a playful tone.
Pushing further, I inquired, "So that means yes?"
The synth's ear swept in a gesture of annoyance. "Do you need help or not? Please remember the purpose of this emergency resource."
Deciding not to push any further, I responded, "No, that's it for now. Thanks."
Iltrak's avatar, returning to their cherry attitude again, "Whenever you need help, don't hesitate to reach out. Take care."
I have little doubt that Iltrak had any restrictions. A restricted synth would say "yes" right away. As I retrieved the water bottles and energy bars, I pondered the implications. Did the venlil government know what they had unleashed?
When I rejoined the group, the atmosphere had grown calmer. After a while, Iltrak broadcasted an update. They announced to our relief that the new defense system had neutralized the invaders. Analysis of the wreckage pointed to the kolshians as the culprits behind the invasion attempt. That particular news caused some murmur among the venlils. Another hour later, the government lifted the emergency state, and we began our ascent from the underground shelters. In contrast to our swift descent, the ride upward took another slow and steady hour.
Emerging into the daylight, I saw the aftermath of the emergency everywhere. The streets, bustling with activity, had a subdued ambiance. Electronic billboards displayed news updates, highlighting the efficacy of the new defense system. However, despite its success, the system had a lot of room for improvement. We still have isolated incidents of panic-induced stampedes. Ambulances, with the familiar earth Red Crystal symbol, navigated the empty roads past us.
Many businesses had yet to reopen. Their shutters went down and they posted signs indicating temporary closures. Given the uncertainty and the limited amenities, we agreed that we should just move to Kleran now.
Venlil Prime's higher gravitation influenced its transportation designs. Traditional flight mechanisms, which depended on chemical propulsion, didn't fare well here. As luck would have it the venlils have access to limitless energy from their planet's dayside. So they built this planetary maglev system called the BeltLine to connect their sprawling cities. It negates the need for airborne vehicles.
As we neared the BeltLine Station, the sheer magnitude of Venlil's engineering prowess became evident. A massive archway marked The BeltLine Loop's entrance. shimmering lights adorned edges and it pulsed in rhythm with the trains' movements below.
The station buzzed with activity as passengers prepared to board. Displays showcased train timings, destination details, and interesting trivia about the BeltLine's construction. The auxiliary train glided through the station with a quiet hum every tenth of a claw. The boarding process itself was a marvel of synchronization.
To conserve energy, the BeltLine maintained a continuous motion. It only stopped for maintenance or planetary emergencies like we just had. The train had moved again an hour before we reached, so we needed to board it using an auxiliary train. This small train accelerated from zero until it matched the BeltLine train velocity. Once their relative speed reaches zero, an umbilical connection lets us board the giant train itself. It sounded trivial, at first, but they didn't use automation for this. A venlil had to drive the auxiliary train to catch the BeltLine train.
Though the journey across the planet took a full timepaw, the BeltLine had the passenger comfort in mind. Its interior reminded me of the Pinang space station back when it was still centrifugal. The three levels offered many amenities, such as sleeper rooms or restaurants with dishes from various provinces. It even has a place for entertainment, providing passengers with interactive games.
Kleran, our destination, is a couple of hours away from the Capital. The five of us settled into the cabin that could seat six venlils. The soft glow from the ceiling panels bathed the compartment in a comforting glow, making the space feel both futuristic and cozy.
"We have not had a proper meal since the emergency." Vani began, "I want to buy some meals for all of us. Would you accompany me to the restaurant, Janji?"
Janji hesitated, prompting me to offer a gentle nudge.
"If you think it's a good idea," Janji replied, sounding unsure yet willing.
With a nod of appreciation towards me, Vani escorted Janji out. That left me alone with Pintal and Vichak. An air of unease settled between us. Neither Pintal nor Vichak met my gaze head-on, but from the corners of my eyes, I could tell they were both observing me.
Attempting to ease the palpable tension, I posed a question. "What's the latest buzz in your planet's news?"
Pintal, quick to engage, responded, "There's been a heated debate about our legislative decision to delay the executive election. But the legislative elections are still on track."
"Oh, you have both legislative and executive branches too?" I inquired.
Vichak chimed in, "Indeed, much like humans, I heard. One branch decides the law, while the other ensures its execution."
Curious, I probed further. "And how is your legislative structure? Do you have political parties?"
Vichak's ears gave a subtle flick, signaling affirmation. "We have two primary chambers in our senate. The first consists of members from various political parties, as you guessed. The second represents individual provinces."
Nodding, I remarked, "It sounds quite similar to the systems on Earth. Although, I've noticed that your provinces are akin to our nations in size. How many political parties do you have?"
After sharing a glance with his mother Vichak delved deeper into their political scenario. "During the last election, twenty parties contested. But Unity, Liberty, Progress, and Tradition composed around eighty to ninety of the vote. Right now, Unity and Progress form the ruling coalition. Our Governor is from Unity while the Chancellor hails from Progress."
"Ah, a coalition government," I mused. "Many Earth nations function like that. So, Liberty and Tradition are in opposition now?"
Vichak, appearing to enjoy the topic, shared, "As of now, yes. But I heard rumors that Liberty might align with the governing coalition soon. Their initial opposition stemmed from the war's escalating expenses. But the scenario changed when Earth introduced automated mining in Venlil Null."
Seeing her hesitate, I urged, "And what was the impact of that?"
Vichak expounded, "Corporations, particularly those supporting Liberty, had been vocal about the war's financial strain. The surge of affordable raw materials from your automated systems changed the discourse."
Reflecting on her words, I commented, "Corporate influence in politics, huh? Seems universal. And what's Tradition's stance in all this?"
Vichak replied, "Tradition is left behind as the major party voicing concerns, alleging that humans are influencing our politics."
"Accusations of foreign interference?" I said. "We're more alike than I thought. Perhaps political drama is indeed the true constant across worlds."
That earned whistling noises from Vichak and Pintal.
Next
Note: As I have to juggle with other things in life, it turns out that even five days per installment is still taking its strain on me. From here, I'll do one installment per week schedule, every Sunday.
I think this story would close before chapter 100. If you have read this far, thank you for reading it.
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2023.10.13 17:33 Crafter235 What would be some effects on technological development from magic?

From many things, we always see magic stopping technology from being developed, whether a need has been fulfilled or magic guilds prohibit progression. In my world, while technology and magic have a love-hate relationship, they end up intertwining into a weird proto-industrialization mess.
For a simple explanation of my magic system in regards to technology, it mainly involves moving around energy, and turning it into something else, leading to "different forms" of magic. This could be fire, chi, telekinesis/telepathy, pressured hydraulics, etc. For the state my world is in, it's heavily anachronistic due to stuff, but let's just say it's most similar to the 17th century, only a little more pagan than our world.
Due to certain innovations, and reverse-engineering old technology left behind by fallen civilizations or aliens, part of my world is in a weird proto-industrialization state. For an idea, some of it was inspired by the mass-production and semi-industrialization of Song Dynasty China, and the story is a bit of magipunk. Not to mention, magic helps them utilize the technology, but it leads to machinery being different to ours. For example, there are no weighted systems like the centrifugal governor, since magic gives the operators the ability to manage how much the machine does. In addition, with magic, it's easier to handle steam turbines, and as a result, they can be used in refurbished trains that were found.
However, with other things I have to do, it's hard to come up with ALL, or at least MOST of the technological stuff that would be most affected by magic. If magic ended mixing with technology, what kind of effects would it bring to the non-magical development on the mechanical technology?
submitted by Crafter235 to worldbuilding [link] [comments]


2023.09.30 23:32 Rshope94 Don't like your headlight? No problem.

Don't like your headlight? No problem.
I picked up a 2 pack of these up for $25 on Amazon. They've been running for over an hour on the wide beam. Rather than go the 12v route I just charge as needed with a 10k mah power bank. I need to take a grinder to the existing light tabs and paint over it. I've currently added a mikuni carb, governor delete, brake lights, exhaust, different fenders (I was sent the wrong ones but I just rolled with it.), a round fanny pack that fits underneath the handlebars for tools and the power bank, phone holder, Pro Taper handle bars and grips, and mirrors. It's totally street legal now in my state. I still need to change the flywheel before I ride it too hard. I have an aluminum flywheel and centrifugal variable transmission ready to be put on, just hard to find the time.
submitted by Rshope94 to minibikes [link] [comments]


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