Adjetives for sunflower

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Albàni Alpe
The genitive
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Contrary to ancient and certain modern Indo-European languages, Uropi has no declensions, however, it has retained a genitive. This is also the case for a majority of European languages: those which have a full declension system, needless to say, like Slavic and Baltic languages, Latin and ancient Greek, those which have limited their declentions to a few cases, like modern Greek, Albanian, Armenian, but also those which have only kept the genitive like English, Scandinavian languages and Romanian.
As Otto Jespersen said: "Among the numerous cases found in primitive Aryan (Indo-European) and so well preserved in Sanskrit and ancient Greek, the one that has best resisted the corrosive tendencies found in all languages is undoubtedly the genitive. …"
Probably because "The meaning of this case was better defined than that of such cases as the dative or accusative, and that there seems to be a natural desire to have a convenient way of expressing relation between two notions (nouns) of the kind indicated by the genitive ('belonging to' in the widest sense)"
How the genitive is formed
Nouns ending in a consonant + i: bir, vas > u vas biri = a glass of beer
vag, man > de vag de mani = the man’s car
Nouns ending in -a > u: tas, kafa > u tas kafu = a cup of coffee
kamar, sesta > de kamar mi sestu = my sister’s room
Plural + s: klaje, kide > klaje kidis = children’s cries
cuse, ʒinas > cuse ʒinus = women’s shoes
Place
The genitive is used in the noun phrase to link two nouns in order to express possession, dependence in the widest sense. In Novial, Jespersen places the noun in the genitive before the head noun as in Scandinavian languages, for example: Men patron kontore = my father’s office, whereas in Uropi it is placed after, as in Latin: vox populi, vox dei = Ur. voc polki, voc Doji, in modern Greek: to avtokinito tou patera mou = Ur. de vag mi patri, = my father’s car, and in Slavic languages: Russian: Машина моего отца "mashina moyevo otsa", Croatian: Kola moga oca, Czech: vůz mého otce, and in Romanian: mașina tatălui meu = my father’s car.
Genitive and adjectives
In Uropi the genitive is also used to form adjectives from nouns, for example:
noc > noci: u noci ovel (adj.) = a night bird de liuv di noci (gen.) = last night’s rain
verna > vernu: u vernu verem (adj.) = a spring(like) weather de verem di vernu (gen.) = the weather of this spring
In Uropi, adjectives are placed before the nouns, genitives after.
Genitives in compounds
In Uropi the genitive is also used to form compounds.
The noun in the genitive is placed before the head noun. For example:
Luniluc (moon + light) = moonlight, soliflòr (sun + flower) = sunflower, vodifàl (water + fall) = waterfall …vimusporte (winter + sports) = winter sports, kinustèl (cinema + star) = film star…
This way of forming compounds can also be found in German, Russian, modern Greek and Chinese (Mandarin). See:
https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnx1cm9waXZhcmtpYXxneDoxNmU1MzE1NDk3ZGM0OWFh
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The-i and -u markers of the genitive enable us to distinguish the two elements of the compound at first glance, which makes it easier to understand.
Origin of the Uropi genitive
The genitive in -i comes from Latin (masculine and neuter nouns): templi, viri, pueri, agri = Ur. templi, mani, kidi, agri = of temple, man’s, child’s, of field, it can also be found in Albanian (masculine nouns): guri, mali, mashkulli = Ur. kami, bori, mazi = of stone, of mountain, male’s, in Slavic languages (feminine nouns), for ex. in Russian: любви, жизни, двери ‘liubvi, zhizni, dveri’ = Ur. liami, ʒivi, dori = of love, of life, of door, in Croatian: liubavi, jeseni, umietnosti = Ur. liami, otemi, arti = of love, of autumn, of art, in Polish: informacji, sztuki, nauki = Ur. informadi, arti, siensi = of information, of art, of science, and in Armenian: hatzi, dzovi, arevi, yerkri = Ur. pani, mari, soli, teri = of bread, of sea, of sun, of earth…
The genitive in -u comes from Greek -ou (masculine and neuter nouns): κοριτσιού, καλοκαιριού, σταδίου, καφενείου ‘koritsiù, kalokeriù, stadìu, kafenìu’ = Ur. ʒiku, somu, stadiu, kafiu = girl’s, of summer, of stadium, of café, and there are also genitives in -u in Albanian: shtegu, miku, kau, atdheu, gjaku = Ur. padi, frami, govi, patriu, glodi = of path, friend’s, of ox, of fatherland, of blood, in Polish: pokoju, stołu, telefonu, samochodu = Ur. kamari, tabi, telefoni, vagi = of room, of table, of phone, of car, in Czech: stolu, hradu, domu, smíchu = Ur. tabi, kasteli, domi, lari = of table, of castle, of home, of laughter, in Armenian: asttsu, vosku, vordu, mardu, ginu = Ur. doji, gori, soni, mani, vini = God’s, of gold, man’s, of wine, and also in Icelandic: -a > -u: flaska > flösku, króna > krónu, Marta > Mörtu = Ur. buteli, kroni, Martu = of bottle, of crown, Martha’s.
There are also genitive -u in Latvian: draugu, brāļu, akmeņu, pilsētu = Ur. framis, fratis, kamis, polis = friends’, brothers’, of stones, of towns, and -ų in Lithuanian: vyrų, brolių, arklių, dainų, gėlių = Ur. manis, fratis, kwalis, santis, floris = men’s, brothers’, horses’, of songs, of flowers.
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Delfe, Grecia
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Genitìv
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Gonim a de veti id eki moderni Indeuropan lingas, Uropi av ne disklinade, pur je av begaren u genitìv. Di se os de kaz po de majsan Europan lingas: daze we av kopolen disklinade, naturim, wim Slavi id Balti lingas, Latini id veti Greci, daze we av limiten li disklinade, wim moderni Greci, Albàni, Armèni, ba os daze we av solem garen u genitìv wim Engli, Skandinavi lingas id Rumàni.
Wim Otto Jespersen dezì: "Tramìd de numari kaze finden in prinizi Indeuropan, id sa bun progaren in Sanskriti id Greci, daz we av de bunes rugonen a de korogad finden in tale lingas se andubim genitìv…"
Versemim par "de sinad di kazi sì bunes befenden te daz alten kazis wim datìv o akuzatìv…" Semim je ste u naturi zel avo u pratiki mod po uspreso u kovigad intra du nosione (nome) wim daze indiken pa genitìv: "potenan a ».
Formad genitivi
Nome fenden in u kozòn + i: bir, vas > u vas biri, vag, man > de vag de mani
Nome fenden in -a > u: tas, kafa > u tas kafu, kamar, sesta > de kamar mi sestu
Pluràl + s: klaje, kide > klaje kidis, cuse, ʒinas > cuse ʒinus
Plas
Genitìv vid uzen in de nomigrup po vigo du nome id uspreso posedad, odvangid in de lati sin de vordis. In Novial, Jespersen plas de nom in genitìv for de kebi nom (poseden) wim in Skandinavi lingas, po samp: Men patron kontore = de burò mi patri;
in Uropi gonim, un set ja pos, wim in Latini: vox populi, vox dei = voc polki, voc Doji, in novi Greci: to avtokinito tou patera mou = de vag mi patri, id in Slavi lingas: Rusi: Машина моего отца "machina moïevo otsa", Kroati: Kola moga oca, Tceki: vůz mého otce, id in Rumàni: mașina tatălui meu = de vag mi patri.
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Genitìv id adjetive
In Uropi genitìv vid os uzen po formo adjetive od nome, po samp:
noc > noci: u noci ovel (adjetìv) de liuv di noci (genitìv)
verna > vernu: u vernu verem (adjetìv) de verem di vernu (genitìv)
In Uropi, adjetìve vid plasen for de nom, genitive pos ja.
Genitive in koseten vorde
In Uropi genitìv vid os uzen po formo koseten nome.De nom in genitìv vid plasen for de kebi nom (poseden). Po samp:
Luniluc, soliflòr, vodifàl,… vimusporte, kinustèl…
Di mod formo koseten vorde vid os finden in Doski, Rusi, moderni Greci id Cini (Mandorini). Vize:
https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnx1cm9waXZhcmtpYXxneDoxNmU1MzE1NDk3ZGM0OWFh
De marke i id u genitivi pomòz no dissigo anmidim de du elemente u koseten vordi, id sim det ja maj lezi a incepo.
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Odvenad de Uropi genitivi
De genitìv in -i ven od Latini (mazi id neutri nome): templi, viri, pueri, agri = templi, mani, kidi, agri; un find ja os in Albàni (mazi nome): guri, mali, mashkulli = kami, bori, mazi, in Slavi lingas (femu nome), po s. in Rusi: любви, жизни, двери ‘liubvi, ʒizni, dveri’ = liami, ʒivi, dori, in Kroati: liubavi, jeseni, umietnosti = liami, otemi, arti, in Polski: informacji, sztuki, nauki = informadi, arti, siensi, id os in Armèni: hatzi, dzovi, arevi, yerkri = pani, mari, soli, teri…
De genitìv in -u ven od Greci -ou (mazi id neutri nome): κοριτσιού, καλοκαιριού, σταδίου, καφενείου ‘koritsiù, kalokeriù, stadìu, kafenìu’ = ʒiku, somu, stadiu, kafiu, id je ste os genitive in -u in Albàni: shtegu, miku, kau, atdheu, gjaku = padi, frami, govi, patriu, glodi, in Polski: pokoju, stołu, telefonu, samochodu = kamari, tabi, telefoni, vagi, in Tceki stolu, hradu, domu, smíchu = tabi, kasteli, domi, lari, in Armèni asttsu, vosku, vordu, mardu, ginu = doji, gori, soni, mani, vini, id os in Islandi: -a > -u: flaska > flösku, króna > krónu, Marta > Mörtu = buteli, kroni, Martu. Je ste os u genitìv pluràl in -u in Latvi: draugu, brāļu, akmeņu, pilsētu = framis, fratis, kamis, polis, id -ų in Lituvi: vyrų, brolių, arklių, dainų, gėlių = manis, fratis, kwalis, santis, floris.
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