There's a fundamental gap in my understanding of how life on land evolved and I'm hoping you herp folks can help fill it in for me.
The elementary school version of the story goes something like this:
Life evolved in the primordial seas and stayed there for a long time, through the development of vertebrates. Then a fish with sort-of lungs and legs (like a modern lungfish) crawled out on land. It could live breathing air but still had to keep it's skin and eggs moist all the time. That's why amphibians have mucousy skin, lay their eggs in the water, and start out with gills and fins that metamorphose into lungs and legs.
Eventually eggs with shells evolved which allowed creatures to move further away from the water and evolve into reptiles and all the other things.
But here's my question:
Why aren't there any saltwater amphibians? Lungfish are freshwater but coelacanths are marine fish and they're both supposed to be related to tetrapods.
Clearly there was something to do with freshwater that happened between "primordial sea" and "crawling out on land," but I don't know that part of the story. Please help...

We've known each other more than half of our lives. No one cheated or anything like that, I (30F) was completely blindsided. I am a skeptic but really considered this person my soulmate and forever person. The connection is like nothing else l've experienced, the kind of deep, long love that seems to only exist in stories.
We casually dated long distance for a year in the past and that ended when he (31M) was travelling overseas - for over 3 years we were apart and that entire time was so painful for me, I thought about him every day, I wrote poems, journaled and still regularly cried myself to sleep for those three years to manage the grief, I tried to move on but nothing can compare to the connection we share. The thing that kept me going was the thought that in another time and place we would reconnect. That was how it felt when it ended after being casual - this time, we have dated while living in the same city for 3 years.
At the outset we set a lot of clear boundaries around protecting each other in the relationship so that if things started to go badly we could maintain our friendship and still be in each others' lives. We both agreed we couldn’t really take losing one another in the same way again. We've been trying to move into our own place for the past 6 months. We just got back from an overseas trip that my mother got us for my 30th. I am struggling to accept that this is real and I have no idea how to move forward with this loss. He said he sees no future with me, and due to the way he handled it, this isn't something I think we can maintain a friendship after or come back from even if he now regrets saying this. I can't hold out a hope that it was wrong place wrong time, or that he will ever want this again, because it's clear he doesn't.
After leaving my house he has said he didn't mean to break up and just intended to talk about his feelings because he's had doubts about us long term due to a need to 'go do stuff' which is making him feel that way. He’s going on a solo hiking trip that I got him for his birthday and a solo university trip to Malaysia in the next six months so I don’t really understand what part of being in our relationship is preventing him from living his life, or what ‘stuff’ he feels he needs to do. We are both mature age students and there is a cost of living crisis in my country, I have three jobs and have been struggling so hard to make ends meet the past few years but we both finish our studies in six months and we have spoken a lot about how much better life will be when that happens and how things at the moment are tough but temporary.
What he said to me in person was that he didn't see a future with me and when I said ... what do you mean? He said he sees himself doing all of the 'things' in his future alone. Every time I try to speak to him about his goals and the future, the most he can give me is that he wants to live overseas at some point. I also do and we talk about this a lot. Afterwards in a text he still said I am his future and he has always seen us together. I really don't understand but some of it must be untrue because none of it makes sense to me.
For the past few weeks he's refused to kiss me longer than a peck, he would turn his back to me in bed and go to sleep early and wake up late so he could avoid any opportunity for sex. Before this, he was usually pretty all over me and we have always been this way. Up until this point we weren’t absolutely perfect, but it was as close as I think it can get, it has always been so clear to me and everyone else around us that we were both deeply in love. Our friends often comment that they wished their dynamic was like ours or that it’s rare/beautiful to see.
I am ending my lease and selling most of my stuff, my mother is coming to help me move back in with her in the small rural town she lives in because I can't stay in this city. I am leaving my job at the university I study at and varying my enrolment to online studies so at least I don't totally destroy everything in my life. Leaving is a permanent decision because the rental crisis in my city (a 2 day drive from the town I am going back to) it is so bad it would be impossible to get a rental again, so it is a huge life altering decision. I will say l'm scared to make the first move on that because then it is real. I have to give notice today. I don't want to go, I just can't stay here. My friends are so shocked and can't understand it either and therefore can't really provide me with any useful advice.
I just don't really want any of the things l've been working towards in my life if he isn't part of it in some way, I have no drive to continue. Right now I feel like I'll just stay alone in this small town for the rest of my life. It's too hard fighting for more when you don't have a light at the end of the tunnel.
He's quite inept at communicating around emotional topics or discussing his feelings so I really don't imagine l'll ever get more of an explanation or closure from him.
I know this might sound stupid, for a break up to be so world altering, and l've lived through genuine trauma that should have felt so much harder and more painful than this, but those things gave me drive me to live happily in spite of them. This has taken away my will to find or build happiness.
This truly feels like the worst thing that's ever happened to me. Every single thing in my life is connected to him and I feel like I can’t ever go anywhere it won’t be.
How do I move forward? How do I survive this? What do I do now?

My mom passed away 24 years ago. I’m 26. When she passed away the courts wanted me to stay with family, so my uncle and his wife gained custody of me. It was the worst decision fate had in store for me. My uncle, who was essentially my father figure, was an alcoholic. My aunt, she struggled with mental illness but she was never able to acknowledge it. So she lived her life untreated.
I remember the first time I saw my uncle intoxicated. I remember the first time I witnessed violence. I remember the first time I was up for hours in the night because the gas station was 24/7. I remember the first time I was forgotten about at the school pick up after a dance practice, that I eventually was told I could not participate in because I kept getting forgotten by my guardians. I remember the first time I ran to neighbors house for shelter because I was so scared. I remember the first time I felt anxiety. At the time as a child, you don’t realize it’s anxiety, as an adult after years of therapy you realize the rapid heart beating wasn’t normal, nor were the monster butterflies I felt on the bus on my way home from school.
My uncle was a relapsing alcoholic. He would go a few months, even a couple of years without drinking. Then one day I’d come home from school and he’d be drunk, listening to music loud, yelling at my aunt, being belligerent. I couldn’t wait until he fell asleep because that’s when my little self felt peace. I resented him, and I resented my aunt for not seeking help for herself and me. I’ve forgiven them, they are old now and I’m an adult who keeps my distance from them. But it all still follows me to the point I don’t feel like I can ever function as a normal human being.
Now, as a 26 year old woman, I find myself stuck. I’ve been thru a lot in past relationships with their own different set of problems. Recently I foundd myself a wonderful partner, but the kicker is, we both have a drinking problem. When we fight, I’m reminded of all the things I felt as a child. Some things I witnessed as a child have become apart of me. I’m acting in ways I shouldn’t as an adult. I try to resolve things even when we’re both intoxicated, making things worse because how can two alcoholics even comprehend what’s going on in the moment.
I need help, advice on what to do. I need this to stop because I know in my heart this is not how I want to live. But I’m scared, I don’t trust we can stop, I don’t trust I can stop. I’m scared I will betray myself. I want to start over. Im feeling those butterflies in the pit of my stomach again, the ones that I felt in the bus. I’m in therapy, but every time it feels like I take a step forward, I also take 5 back. I’m exhausted, I want to give up.

I recently came across a huge amount of wealth ( well to me ) 7 figures lower end even after taxes i should be good to never work again ... i also work at a pretty decent job remote in tech and i have been thinking of quitting ever since i came across it , my question is idk what to do with it to really make sure i utilize it well… i definitely have a spending problem, also only a select few of my friends i went to highschool know and a friend of mine i met on the game. I haven’t told my parents about it yet no one in my family knows, i am a bit conflicted i plan on paying off my parents house and getting a new car nothing crazy maybe a telsa or an amg gt63 and maybe a new high rise and that is all i can think of that are priorities for me. Just need advice for how to deal with this kind of situation

So I suffer from major Brain Fog, ever since I dabbled with drugs, alcohol, P*rn in my 18s, I eventually don't do those things but I do still have brainfog. I can't focus, memory is horrible, no motivation/drive. I heard online that dopamine detox can help with it.

I have neighbors who have big egos. He will post in our neighborhood group that whatever you need he will be the one to provide it for you lol. We got to know their family a little and they are incredibly racist and hateful people. Their son calls my husband a faggot because we won’t let our son ride dirt bikes with them. They run their dirt bikes all over the neighborhood late at night. Their five year old will come over unannounced and once spray painted my golf cart. I told the parents we couldn’t have him over anymore without supervision and they lost their shit and yelled at my son and even chased him down the road because they were so angry. They sent me condensing texts about why I said he couldn’t come over. I then said my kids couldn’t play with their kids anymore and that opened up a whole can of worms. Their kids are just awful. We invited the whole neighborhood over for a kid swimming party and they brought alcohol and stayed way past when everyone else left. Like really late.(this was before all hell broke loose) I’m just so irritated and I seem to be the only one who sees the red flags as he often brings neighbors meat from His exotic hunts. He also hunts deer out of season from our neighborhood. Flys racist and political flags in his yard. Just all around bad people. Also, the dad will target my daughter (9) who is extremely shy. He knows shes uncomfortable to say hi to big men in big trucks playing heavy metal music loudly at the bus stop. and he will always make her say hi to him when she gets off the bus. She’s also terrified of German Shepherds and he brings his unleashed at the bus stop. But now that everything has escalated, I’m the only one in the neighborhood it seems that has a problem with their aggressive behavior. We live in a nice gated neighborhood and everyone else acts very respectful and pleasant. I just don’t know what to do. I want to move but I’m in my dream house.

When exactly are my laners "supposed" to take camps and when is it "correct" for me to be upset? Im talking about camps in my own jungle, laners invading and setting the enemy jungler behind is obviously great for me.
Im playing with my friends often but this also happens in solo queue. I understand that taking camps can be advantageous for laners since they "midlane and adc have the most impact" (according to my friends apparently... my midlane friend having most damage is according to him the only reason we won this and no one else gets mentioned and 4 drakes and 5 grubs for our team apparently arent noteworthy but okay... damage it is.) but does this have its limits? If we are ahead and I am free to invade enemy jungle anytime I would never complain about laners taking one or two camps but sometimes its minute 7 and im on my second clear and arrive to find my crugs gone. Also my buffs are slain constantly... im ganking botlane and my toplaners takes my buff ... if im not ahead in these matches this quickly accumulates to me missing 3 buffs and 4-8 camps in some games in cs. Not a lot some of you might say but still something which sets me behind compared to my jungle opponent.
Last week my friend was playing kayle toplane and he took all 3 of my camps any time they spawned as well as top wave ... he told me "I need to reach level 16 before this game is over to have any impact and since im not lvl 16 right now I cant walk up further then here (pinging a point between his fallen tier 1 and his tier 2)". I know that it can be frustrating to feel like you have no impact until hitting a certain point in the game... I played smolder today... but I feel like this actively sabotages me.
At the end we win if kayle is fed I guess. I will play for win but I dont know If feeding all my camps to some bronze 2 players and me as the jungler... the only one spreading his impact on all of the map in most of my low elo games beeing 50 cs behind is the right strategy togo or if some of my friends are just stroking their ego.
Am I entitled to my camps?
Am I the one who is wrong here? How can I stop my laners from setting me behind if they dont have prio so I cant invade and they take my camps instead of wave since they lost their tower? I dont want to be the guy pinging 30 questionmarks at the adc taking raptors minute 40 of the game but there has to be a way in the middle right?

BACK STORY...skip ahead to the point
Y'all ... Where to start. I've been with my spouse for 12 years. We moved in together almost immediately and married 6 years ago. Recently we made a well thought out decision to build a mother in law/ apartment in my spouse's mother's home basement. Her home is paid off, she has no retirement plan as a hairdresser, we can't afford half a million dollars for a home or rather refuse to go that far into debt. The three of us and my spouse's sister discussed a plan for ownership and how to build the basement. We agreed that we would own half the home and we will then pay half the property taxes and all utilities. We will be adding a entry door to the side of the house for this apartment and along with have our own "front" yard on the side of the home. We will share the backyard. We share the parking spaces available in the driveway.
We wanted to start the building process immediately. So we decided to do it in phases. Phase one was building out our bedroom and a master bathroom. This means we would be sharing the kitchen with my mother-in-law and one of the living rooms would be to share as well. Due to budget restrictions we decided to hold off on the shower so we only have half bath downstairs. We have not signed any contracts with this home agreement yet and as each day passes I regret it more and more. With the first phase we re-piped the entire home. My mother-in-law did pay half the price of this. However, overall we have put in $35,000 into the home for our bedroom and half bath.
MIL and I have gotten into a couple of arguments but seemingly seem to go away after apologizing to each other. When she gets a little too drunk, she likes to bring up mean things from the past. I have decided I don't like that so I avoid her when I notice she gets a little too drunk. We have been living under the same roof for 5 months and so I've learned when to avoid.
First fight was me attempting to stand up for myself. After the 5th conversation of her asking me to wear more makeup more often just for her, Because I look so pretty and I could be so pretty if I just wore makeup more. I told her "that was rude and that I wouldn't wear makeup for anybody and I don't really get any joy wearing makeup so that's why I don't wear it." She always starts these conversations talking about how pretty I am and how great my facial features are and I do my makeup so well and I should do it more often. She did not think it was rude and denied what she had said about requesting I wear make up for her. So we had a back and forth of disagreement until I said we should just take some time apart to cool off. She hated that. I went downstairs. Next day I went on as nothing happened and we had a great silly interaction and she apologized and said nothing more needed discussed. We hugged and said I love yous.
Second argument is when she was being emotionally abusive to my spouse when he was opening up about childhood trauma. She started to victim blame my spouse insinuating that he enjoyed said trauma. She is always drunk so, take it for what you will... But at one point she said "why is everyone always ganging up on me??" So I said because she was an abusive drunk asshole and that my spouse was too nice to stand up for himself to you. I did raise my voice. She pushed me out of the room and slammed the door on me.
THE POINT: Final argument with my MIL was two nights ago. (We live together 5 months now...working together to own half the home) Earlier in the day I was setting up a blink camera that she had given us cuz she wasn't going to use it. I put it in my bedroom in the corner facing the door on a bottom shelf so that I could see my dog when I wasn't home. Come midnight I could hear my mother-in-law on the phone yelling about me putting a camera in my bedroom. She said how dare I surveillance her in her home. She was screaming to somebody about how weird it was that I would put a camera in there and what does she think she is doing to be surveillancing. She kept saying my name, I was downstairs. I was not around her, so I popped out of my bedroom and asked. (Found out there was no one on the phone?!) "Hey are you trying to talk to me?" She came running down the stairs with her finger in my face asking me why I have a camera in my room. I said because I want one and she said well why I repeated because I want one. She said who do you think is going to go into your room? I said what do you mean you tell me? She said that she only ever goes in there to make sure my dog is okay and has food and water. Why do you have a camera in your room? *She is in my face throwing her finger in the air and I just said because of this BS motioning to her entire self. She took both of her hands and slapped either side of my face and kind of pushed me away "exactly" and started to turn around. I said don't ever touch me like that again. She turned around and put her fist in the air, so I said you're going to hit me? and she raised her fist again. So I said go ahead and she just sat there with her fist in the air until she finally walked away.
I called my spouse who's out of town working to share that his mother just threatened me physically because there is a camera in her house(my bedroom). He called her and essentially took her side because of how weird it was of me because I didn't talk to her first.
I texted to apologize for making her uncomfortable and that I wasn't being malicious. I took the camera down immediately. And she was screaming all night about how I need to leave her house. And how dare I surveillance her in her home to find her taking care of my dog...So now I feel like I am in the wrong. My spouse is busy and not talking to me so I feel like he's mad at me.
I just refuse to believe that it was a weird action of me to put a camera in my room that was given to me that I've always wanted so that I can keep an eye on my dog while I'm away.
As of right now she wants us to leave and I think it's because she's a crazy psycho and just doesn't like me. This puts us back in our initial financial burden we just escaped. Probably why my spouse is upset but I don't want to blame me but should I?! Am I also kinda crazy?! Maybe I need to reel in my emotional reactions. I feel like I am always reacting to her and maybe I should chill and care less about what she does.
I do love her. I felt that first real connection after our first argument about the make up and how we got over it. I was hurt when I heard she brought it up to my spouse after the fact in a negative way. And later she made a comment to me about being weird that one time with the make up....like what? That's when I started to pull away... probably about two weeks before this final argument.

My boyfriend of six months hasn’t had a drink in 30 years. He attends 3 AA meetings a week and considers himself sober. I want to support his sobriety but have a question; he vapes cannabis daily. He also eats THC gummies like candy. Nobody knows he does it but me. Especially his AA friends. I asked him if he thought he was trading in one addiction for another and he denied it, saying he could quit cannabis anytime he wanted to. In my opinion he can’t claim his sobriety because he’s under the influence of THC most of the time. More so during the weekends but know he bakes on the way to and from work. Thoughts? How do I help him realize he’s hurting himself not with alcohol but with marijuana?

I'm 31 years old, live in NJ. 5'9", 165 lbs (fit/athletic build) 3rd generation Chinese American (my family immigrated here in the 1900s). My family identifies as American as we tend to eat more pasta than rice and my generation has not learned the language. College educated with a Bachelor's in Biomedical Science (switched from an Engineering major...turns out I don't like theoretical math); currently working in the pharmaceutical industry and pretty much love the industry as there isn't any work drama and it's relatively straightforward yet challenging.
I've tried a few long distance relationships and they're quite difficult to manage...they were great when we able to meet in person and I didn't mind putting in the extra work. I'd be willing to try one if the distance is reasonable and the there is a definite spark between us. I am pretty sure I fit the definition of a demisexual, so I'll be strictly trying to form a connection first. I REALLY need the emotional connection before there is a sexual attraction, mentally I can't do hook ups (they're just really hard for me to handle and I have turned people down).
Personality wise I've been told that I tend to bring people together and keep things fun. I have a few different groups of friends and communities I am often with...and they can vary from the youngsters (21 to 30) to the old guys (60+) to the group that's around my age. I would say I'm pretty good at conversing and I try to stay on top of most current events. Mentally I'm an old man and feel more comfortable in that setting, so much that I literally hang out with 60+ years olds at the gym after a workout in the hot tub. I call them the hot tub gang and it's always a set of regulars where we might talk about the same thing every single day until someone newer to the group says that we talked about it yesterday.
I would say fitness is a major player in my life. I started out hating swimming as a kid, but here I am almost 27 years later...I made it through the lessons at the YMCA, joined a club team, swam in high school, swam in college and now I'm a swim coach and instructor as a hobby/side job in my free time. There's something about being a part of coaching people and watching them grow up and succeed that makes me smile.
My free time in the cold months usually consists of planning DIY projects or working on them. I tend to work on all the cars in the family and am the one that fixes them up or finds replacements for them. Or planning my next road trip to somewhere nicer. Whereas in the warm months I love going down to the beach to go for a swim and have a nice relaxing breakfast outdoors. I do have a few kayaks that I'll bring out to go with friends or if I feel it's safe a nice solo paddle to clear my mind. When I think about it, too many of my hobbies involve water. But I do enjoy things on dry land I promise!
I'm really looking for someone I can grow together with, a long term or forever relationship. I want a relationship where both of us put 100% in all the time and if we don't, we can talk to each other about our concerns and work it out. Honestly what I've realized is that maybe I am altruistic...I miss making someone feel happy and loved, miss the good morning texts, the waiting around all day just to see their texts, I miss spoiling someone and the feeling of that feeling of seeing that look that you get when someone truly loves you. I would love to slowly get to know you by having some conversations where the time just flies, then to a point where we talk nonstop, maybe some in person dates and then maybe eventually settle down together and enjoy life together.
Important stuff: Although I enjoy interacting with kids and it's a major part of my life...I don't want any of my own so...sorry if this is a dealbreaker for anyone. I don't drink (except for maybe wine at special occasions....I get really bad Asian Flush so I'll turn bright red if I smell alcohol essentially lol), not into smoking/drugs (Bad asthma and I'm just not into any of that stuff). I don't judge anyone that's into drinking or recreational drugs, it's just not for me personally. Religion wise, I'm Agnostic. Politically I lean relatively to the left.
I'm really searching for that genuine connection; voice calls are definitely a plus and would love to get to know you. It's alright if we end up just as friends that talk here and there.
If it sounds like you could be the one send me a chat or DM and tell me a bit about yourself. My name is Kevin and I'd love to know about you.

I'm 31 years old, live in NJ. 5'9", 165 lbs (fit/athletic build) 3rd generation Chinese American (my family immigrated here in the 1900s). My family identifies as American as we tend to eat more pasta than rice and my generation has not learned the language. College educated with a Bachelor's in Biomedical Science (switched from an Engineering major...turns out I don't like theoretical math); currently working in the pharmaceutical industry and pretty much love the industry as there isn't any work drama and it's relatively straightforward yet challenging.
I've tried a few long distance relationships and they're quite difficult to manage...they were great when we able to meet in person and I didn't mind putting in the extra work. I'd be willing to try one if the distance is reasonable and the there is a definite spark between us. I am pretty sure I fit the definition of a demisexual, so I'll be strictly trying to form a connection first. I REALLY need the emotional connection before there is a sexual attraction, mentally I can't do hook ups (they're just really hard for me to handle and I have turned people down).
Personality wise I've been told that I tend to bring people together and keep things fun. I have a few different groups of friends and communities I am often with...and they can vary from the youngsters (21 to 30) to the old guys (60+) to the group that's around my age. I would say I'm pretty good at conversing and I try to stay on top of most current events. Mentally I'm an old man and feel more comfortable in that setting, so much that I literally hang out with 60+ years olds at the gym after a workout in the hot tub. I call them the hot tub gang and it's always a set of regulars where we might talk about the same thing every single day until someone newer to the group says that we talked about it yesterday.
I would say fitness is a major player in my life. I started out hating swimming as a kid, but here I am almost 27 years later...I made it through the lessons at the YMCA, joined a club team, swam in high school, swam in college and now I'm a swim coach and instructor as a hobby/side job in my free time. There's something about being a part of coaching people and watching them grow up and succeed that makes me smile.
My free time in the cold months usually consists of planning DIY projects or working on them. I tend to work on all the cars in the family and am the one that fixes them up or finds replacements for them. Or planning my next road trip to somewhere nicer. Whereas in the warm months I love going down to the beach to go for a swim and have a nice relaxing breakfast outdoors. I do have a few kayaks that I'll bring out to go with friends or if I feel it's safe a nice solo paddle to clear my mind. When I think about it, too many of my hobbies involve water. But I do enjoy things on dry land I promise!
I'm really looking for someone I can grow together with, a long term or forever relationship. I want a relationship where both of us put 100% in all the time and if we don't, we can talk to each other about our concerns and work it out. Honestly what I've realized is that maybe I am altruistic...I miss making someone feel happy and loved, miss the good morning texts, the waiting around all day just to see their texts, I miss spoiling someone and the feeling of that feeling of seeing that look that you get when someone truly loves you. I would love to slowly get to know you by having some conversations where the time just flies, then to a point where we talk nonstop, maybe some in person dates and then maybe eventually settle down together and enjoy life together.
Important stuff: Although I enjoy interacting with kids and it's a major part of my life...I don't want any of my own so...sorry if this is a dealbreaker for anyone. I don't drink (except for maybe wine at special occasions....I get really bad Asian Flush so I'll turn bright red if I smell alcohol essentially lol), not into smoking/drugs (Bad asthma and I'm just not into any of that stuff). I don't judge anyone that's into drinking or recreational drugs, it's just not for me personally. Religion wise, I'm Agnostic. Politically I lean relatively to the left.
I'm really searching for that genuine connection; voice calls are definitely a plus and would love to get to know you. It's alright if we end up just as friends that talk here and there.
If it sounds like you could be the one send me a chat or DM and tell me a bit about yourself. My name is Kevin and I'd love to know about you.

I'm 31 years old, live in NJ. 5'9", 165 lbs (fit/athletic build) 3rd generation Chinese American (my family immigrated here in the 1900s). My family identifies as American as we tend to eat more pasta than rice and my generation has not learned the language. College educated with a Bachelor's in Biomedical Science (switched from an Engineering major...turns out I don't like theoretical math); currently working in the pharmaceutical industry and pretty much love the industry as there isn't any work drama and it's relatively straightforward yet challenging.
I've tried a few long distance relationships and they're quite difficult to manage...they were great when we able to meet in person and I didn't mind putting in the extra work. I'd be willing to try one if the distance is reasonable and the there is a definite spark between us. I am pretty sure I fit the definition of a demisexual, so I'll be strictly trying to form a connection first. I REALLY need the emotional connection before there is a sexual attraction, mentally I can't do hook ups (they're just really hard for me to handle and I have turned people down).
Personality wise I've been told that I tend to bring people together and keep things fun. I have a few different groups of friends and communities I am often with...and they can vary from the youngsters (21 to 30) to the old guys (60+) to the group that's around my age. I would say I'm pretty good at conversing and I try to stay on top of most current events. Mentally I'm an old man and feel more comfortable in that setting, so much that I literally hang out with 60+ years olds at the gym after a workout in the hot tub. I call them the hot tub gang and it's always a set of regulars where we might talk about the same thing every single day until someone newer to the group says that we talked about it yesterday.
I would say fitness is a major player in my life. I started out hating swimming as a kid, but here I am almost 27 years later...I made it through the lessons at the YMCA, joined a club team, swam in high school, swam in college and now I'm a swim coach and instructor as a hobby/side job in my free time. There's something about being a part of coaching people and watching them grow up and succeed that makes me smile.
My free time in the cold months usually consists of planning DIY projects or working on them. I tend to work on all the cars in the family and am the one that fixes them up or finds replacements for them. Or planning my next road trip to somewhere nicer. Whereas in the warm months I love going down to the beach to go for a swim and have a nice relaxing breakfast outdoors. I do have a few kayaks that I'll bring out to go with friends or if I feel it's safe a nice solo paddle to clear my mind. When I think about it, too many of my hobbies involve water. But I do enjoy things on dry land I promise!
I'm really looking for someone I can grow together with, a long term or forever relationship. I want a relationship where both of us put 100% in all the time and if we don't, we can talk to each other about our concerns and work it out. Honestly what I've realized is that maybe I am altruistic...I miss making someone feel happy and loved, miss the good morning texts, the waiting around all day just to see their texts, I miss spoiling someone and the feeling of that feeling of seeing that look that you get when someone truly loves you. I would love to slowly get to know you by having some conversations where the time just flies, then to a point where we talk nonstop, maybe some in person dates and then maybe eventually settle down together and enjoy life together.
Important stuff: Although I enjoy interacting with kids and it's a major part of my life...I don't want any of my own so...sorry if this is a dealbreaker for anyone. I don't drink (except for maybe wine at special occasions....I get really bad Asian Flush so I'll turn bright red if I smell alcohol essentially lol), not into smoking/drugs (Bad asthma and I'm just not into any of that stuff). I don't judge anyone that's into drinking or recreational drugs, it's just not for me personally. Religion wise, I'm Agnostic. Politically I lean relatively to the left.
I'm really searching for that genuine connection; voice calls are definitely a plus and would love to get to know you. It's alright if we end up just as friends that talk here and there.
If it sounds like you could be the one send me a chat or DM and tell me a bit about yourself. My name is Kevin and I'd love to know about you.

I have these two tables : old_table was created on 2020-01-01 and new_table was created on 2020-01-02.

 CREATE TABLE old_table ( name1 VARCHAR(50), name2 VARCHAR(50), origin_date DATE, var1 VARCHAR(50), today DATE ); INSERT INTO old_table (name1, name2, origin_date, var1, today) VALUES ('red_1', 'red', '2010-01-01', 'aaa', '2020-01-01'), ('red_2', 'red', '2011-01-01', 'bbb', '2020-01-01'), ('blue_1', 'blue', '2005-01-01', 'ccc', '2020-01-01'), ('green_1', 'green', '2005-01-01', 'ddd', '2020-01-01'); CREATE TABLE new_table ( name1 VARCHAR(50), name2 VARCHAR(50), origin_date DATE, var1 VARCHAR(50), today DATE ); INSERT INTO new_table (name1, name2, origin_date, var1, today) VALUES ('purple_1', 'purple', '2001-01-01', 'fff', '2020-01-02'), ('pink_1', 'pink', '2002-01-01', 'ggg', '2020-01-02'), ('red_1', 'red', '2010-01-01', 'aaa', '2020-01-02'); 

I am trying to accomplish the following task:

• I want to join both tables together (based on name1) and create new variables: status (active or inactive), end_date (today from new_table or NA).
  
  • The final result should have unique rows from old_table and unique rows from old_table.
• The joined table will show the "life history" . Between the old_table and new_table... which rows "died" , which rows "survived" and which new rows were "born"
  
  • The status variable can only have values (active, inactive)
  • If a name survives, the end_date is always NULL and the status is always active. If a name does not survive, the end_date is the today date in the new file and the status is always inactive.

As an example: in the final dataset (i.e. after the sql code) ... green would have a origin date of 2005-01-01 and have an end_date of 2020-01-02 .red_1 survived in both old_table and new_table. therefore, red_1 can not have an end_date and its status must still be active.
The final result should look like this:

 name1 name2 origin_date var1 status end_date red_1 red 2010-01-01 aaa active  red_2 red 2011-01-01 bbb inactive 2020-01-02 blue_1 blue 2005-01-01 ccc inactive 2020-01-02 green_1 green 2005-01-01 ddd inactive 2020-01-02 purple_1 purple 2001-01-01 fff active  pink_1 pink 2002-01-01 ggg active  

I tried to write the following code using CTEs:

WITH combined AS ( SELECT old_table.name1, old_table.name2, old_table.origin_date, old_table.var1, new_table.today AS end_date, CASE WHEN new_table.name1 IS NULL THEN 'inactive' ELSE 'active' END AS status FROM old_table LEFT JOIN new_table ON old_table.name1 = new_table.name1 UNION ALL SELECT new_table.name1, new_table.name2, new_table.origin_date, new_table.var1, NULL AS end_date, 'active' AS status FROM new_table WHERE new_table.name1 NOT IN (SELECT name1 FROM old_table) ) SELECT * FROM combined; 

The code ran:

 name1 name2 origin_date var1 end_date status red_1 red 2010-01-01 aaa NA active red_2 red 2011-01-01 bbb NA inactive blue_1 blue 2005-01-01 ccc NA inactive green_1 green 2005-01-01 ddd NA inactive purple_1 purple 2001-01-01 fff NA active pink_1 pink 2002-01-01 ggg NA active 

Problem: all the end_dates are NA - when some of them should be non NA (i.e. red_1, purple_1, pink_1).
Can someone please show me how to fix this?
Thanks!

Last year while eating out I drank an acidic alcoholic beverage after my dinner was done and my heart started to flutter every 90 seconds or so.
I had a weird feeling of bloat/indigestion and it felt like a stomach flare up was causing these heart palpitations. Then I would eat clean and not drink for a week or so and everything would be normal… until last weekend when I had a night of over doing it with some vodka seltzers and eating out and the spasms lasted for days which led me to the ER.
Ultrasound/ EKG/blood work all came back fine. They said they assume Gastritis and possible ulcer and had me schedule an endoscopy.
It’s been 7 days since the ER and 6 days on the Pantoprazole. I have been eating a bland diet and staying away from alcohol coffee etc… no palpitations since then. Anyone else experience this?
I am out on the road 3 days a week for work. Looking for some snack ideas when I’m on the road that will keep well in a small cooler with some ice packs in a hot car. So I can eat on the go and not irritate my stomach.
Thank you all in advance!!

Just wanted to put this somewhere.
It's been two weeks and a day since I found out about my husbands affair. He's asked for space from me until Monday, three days from now. I see his location, he sits at his mother's house, hopefully getting positive support to work his marriage out instead of crawling into a hole of isolation and loneliness. All I want is for him to see I am here, to see him, to support him, to understand him. But he pulls away. We have been married one year and 11 days today. Today, last year, we were coming home from our honeymoon in Ibiza and Mallorca. We were happy. Relaxed. We had a wedding that exceeded our dreams. I have never seen him tear up in my life until I walked down that isle. Never seen him so authentically happy. I was so so glad that I got to marry the man of my dreams after years and years of hard relationships. He was my protector, my husband.
Now I lay in my room at my parents house, trying to tolerate the space he has forced on me. Wondering. Will he want to work it out? I have just traveled in a car for three days from Austin to Delaware with all my belongings, my dog, and my mother who flew out to rescue me after calling her last Saturday crying that I needed help. He told me he needed space, that he would leave the house. But how was I supposed to stay in the house that was our home after it all? After I moved to Austin to be with him and gave up my life for him? It did not feel like my home. I had to leave.
The day I left was tragic. For the few days leading up to when I left, I looked around at everything that was ours. I sat outside in our yard, taking in our beautiful yard, freshly cut, the hammock between the trees, the birds nest that was carefully placed and hidden in the lawn chairs, the plants I have tended to and grown. Years of memories. I just looked at it all and thought, how is this going to possibly the last time I am able to be in this? I go inside. Sit in the kitchen. Cry on the white pristine floors that we used to dance to John Mayer on. Now smells of old wedding cake that was thrown around nights before in anger on what was supposed to be our wedding anniversary. May 13th. I cry. Soaking in the space, looking at the big bright gorgeous windows that I have looked out of morning and night over and over again. Where I cooked him breakfast every morning watching birds fly around the yard. I knew them. They were always the same. And they made me feel at home. He never knew that I actually felt at home.
I get off the floor, I walk into every room. I try to soak it in and think how it could have gone wrong so fast. I wanted a baby and spoke about it fast in the first year of marriage. I had always spoken about wanting a baby, I was 32 when we got married and I was petrified of not being able to get pregnant. The anxiety crippled me. I had spoken about it many times before we got married, during our engagement, and before that. He knew I wanted it. He didn't want to have hard conversations ever. If he had expressed feelings about certain things before our marriage, this could have been avoided, or sorted through. About 4-5 months after we were married he told a friend, "see that child, I could be ready for one of those soon". She told me. I was elated. I had been hiding the fact that I wanted a child for awhile after we got married to not be overbearing. We started having family check ins that fall. I was SO happy that we seemed to be on the same page. We said in March we can start trying.
December. I start being self aware of what I was eating, drinking, what I was doing to my body. I was trying to be healthy, taking pre natals, eating organic, drinking less alcohol, even down to not using water bottles or trying to use plastic. I spoke to my friends about being excited to be on this potential pregnancy journey with them since they too were talking about it with their husbands. I did not do this in privacy. He heard me talk about this, he saw me take my pre natals, he saw me make life changes, I spoke to him about it all. And meanwhile he started having an affair in January. Two more months he just watched me prepare myself and body. Saw me be so happy for this next chapter. Watched me slowly change my life and mind. All the while he started an emotional affair. Did not say a word. Did not tell me to stop or how he actually felt. He just watched me. March 1st, I felt the disconnect, I asked him about that month starting to try to have a baby. He said he wasn't ready. I lost it. I overreacted and was so emotional, but I had prepared myself so hard and was so excited and he had taken it away without a conversation. Just he wasn't ready and it was a no. Meanwhile, he had already started his affair. How could someone even work on this if you are already having an affair?
6 months into our marriage he reconnected with an old fling. They started off just as confidants, then an emotional to an intimate affair. I saw the texts. "Hey love" "Hey babe". And all the while I was getting the same ones. Every time I was away, he was with her. I saw the uber rides, the texts that he sent me while he was with her. The pain that I was in was not really able to be put in words. But I looked at myself adn through, what have I contributed to this? All who knew said I can’t blame myself. No. I do not blame myself for the affair, there will never be an excuse. But I do take responsibility for being blind to things that I may have had an inkling were there because I was afraid of what they would bring if they were uncovered. Little did I know there were years of these kinds of truths that were not said. And uncovering just one was not going to just fix it all.
I asked him 5 times if he was cheating on me. Every time he said no. That he was getting frustrated with my continued asking. One conversation read:
"Hey babe, I don't want to stress you out, but I've been having this constant anxiety about you being unfaithful to me because of a lot of things over the last few weeks, and if you really are doing something behind my back, can you please tell me? I just want to really know and stop feeling this constant anxiety in my chest. Like you can talk to me about it if something is going on. I just want everything to be on the table."
"Look obviously there is going to be anxiety based on what were going through and I recognize why that might you to want to think these things, We have a lot to work through but being unfaithful is not one of those things babe. That's not the case here at all and I guess I just don't understand where its stemming from, I really thought I was doing a nice thing yesterday and I guess I just don't understand how a surprise like that has turned into something like this"
"I just needed you to tell me my thoughts are just anxiety. Tha's all. I just wanted to ask one more time....But I just can't get that thought out of my head and my head is pulling evidence to support it."
"Your thoughts are anxiety"
"okay and that's all I need. Thank you. I just needed to let that out. I choose to believe you adn will challenge those thoughts."
"You're welcome. Im here for you! There is no part of me that has thoughts of nan affair"
"I love you"
"I Love you. I feel secure it it.
"Ok I am glad we are on the same page with that.
"Same sleep well".
There were many of these conversations. Before this, one of my friends sent me a picture of my husband at a restuaraunt with another girl (it was her) and I asked about him and he lied. Said it was a coworker.
Memorial Day weekend has always been a weekend of family, friends, love, warmth, fun. Two weeks and 3 days after I found out about my husband’s affair, I laid in bed at 6 PM on Sunday. My mother and father in separate rooms, all sad, not talking. Grieving. We really tried yesterday and today to do the things we all enjoy doing together like going out on the boat, bar hopping, going to the beach, the pool. But none of it felt right, none of it felt accessible to any of us. My parents could not even see their social lives, all they could see was a depressed and grieving daughter who yesterday was telling them she no longer wanted to exist. Didn’t want to feel the pain. The embarrassment. “What do you feel embarrassed for, you didn’t do anything” they both said. They can’t understand. They will be married 35 years in two days and have had everything that I wanted. Love, loyalty, a marriage, children, a home, a beautiful retired life. I felt robbed of it. And I think they felt like they were robbed of so much too. Robbed of a son, the stories they had about grandchildren. So many stories about the future died. But maybe that was the problem, was that there were too many stories that maybe I wasn’t seeing what was right there in front of me the whole time.
Two weeks and 4 days. We had our first phone call after we went on a “no communication for space” break a few days ago. I was really nervous but feeling excited to just see him again. When we got on the call, he did not show any excitement, any happiness to see me. We went on for 2 hours, at first, it was productive. I was expressive of my reflections of myself and how I chose to be blind to some things that happened because I was focused on our future. He combatted with that he hid it very well. He said that he was sorry that he tricked me. Tricked me?! Have you ever heard of someone being tricked into a marriage? But I was. He was not the person I thought he was because apparently he was always secretly trying to be the person he thought I wanted, so therefore he became the complete opposite because this was all unknown to me. Which was the problem. All of his internal struggles were unknown to me. Which left me powerless in where the relationship was going if I did not even know what was going on inside of his head. The conversation went on, he told me that he did not have to be there for me when I went on my spirals about the affair. But it has only been 2 weeks and 4 days, how could I not be spiraling and having questions and concerns still? He said I could, but that he did not have to hear them. I said “be a man and handle it” and he went on to express that he has been a man and for a WHOLE week and a half he endured my anger, physically and mentally, and that he came out with everything and faced my parents. I made him come out with everything. And he honestly had very little choice to talk to my parents. The next best part was when I expressed how he does not understand how it feels to have just changed your entire life and traveled across country with your dog, mother, and belongings to your parents house, and then to move a week later in an apartment in Manhattan alone. He then stated that he never expected me to do that, and that he offered to leave. I was in shock, because this was honestly news to me. I looked back at my texts later to him that Sunday before I left and read myself text him”please tell me this isn’t happening” and then “Please think over the next few days. Please. Don’t let me go.” With no response. Was I being gaslit again? Was I going crazy? He made me second guess myself, just like every time I asked if he was cheating on me over the past 5 months and he said no.

I'm just about 10 months sober from alcohol and have been working the steps with my sponsor since the first week (finishing up step 9, and also practicing 10, 11, 12 regularly). I've been coming to the program since early 2021.
There are a few other habits I can't shake on my own, related to self-medicating (primarily cannabis use) and lust (porn use / masturbation even while living with a partner). And let's just say those are my most prevalent outside addictions, which my defects of character seem to keep fueling.
Can I use the 12 steps within my AA program (namely 4-7) to be rid of the character defects which drive me to continually abuse my instinctual desires? Or, should I be taking each specific addiction to it's corresponding program?
Most of all, I understand that I've not been 100% honest with anyone about the fact that I still engage in these behaviors. And even if I do allow someone to know that I use cannabis, hardcore porn for masturbation, etc., I would rarely be representing the whole truth of the frequency/intensity in which I engage in the behaviors.
If nothing else, thank you for letting me post here to tell on myself and expose the exact nature of my wrongs to God, myself, and (hopefully) another human being.
God bless 🙏🏻

I know I basically have no skills being a cook besides working under pressure and being able to cook things extremely well. I just want to work outside, I would prefer the ability to work overtime instead of the restaurant figuring out how they can keep me at 35-40 hours to cut down on costs. I want to work outside. My last name is a carpentry surname from England as my family were ship builders in Cornwall, and everyone before my paternal grandfather was a carpenter.
I met a guy in rehab who was a timber framearchitect and another guy who was a carpenter of all sorts (retired and a farmer now), and I would love to get into the field, I have no idea where to start or where to even look for job postings. I know I won’t make much for several years, I am okay with that. I wasn’t making much being a line cook. I want to work outside, and I want to work with my hands.
I am pretty book smart, but I have absolutely no skills in any trade. I did landscaping during the summers and a lot of the guys gave me tons of shit because I never knew what I was doing but I worked as hard as I could.
Nobody in my family is in any trades since both my grandfathers. Before that everyone was in trades. I have no connections into the industry, I tried reaching out to the guy who is a timber framer, and understandably it seems like he’s not replying to me (he met me in rehab and knows my story).
I have been around drug addict and alcoholic line cooks, so even if carpenters do drink, it won’t bother me. I have had 3 stints of 1+ years sober. I relapsed when I got to school because I stopped working a program, im more of an introvert and school was pretty overwhelming. I miss being a line cook but the ceiling as a chef is pretty low. My old chef worked 60 hour weeks, he made $60,000 a year, and worked holidays and weekends. That just doesn’t sound ideal to me.
I don’t know if I need to join a trade school or something but I am open to anything. The local community college where I’m at doesn’t have any carpentry classes, it’s all tailored to get people into the local state college.
I am pretty smart, but I know those book smarts don’t translate well over. I am good with math and fractions though, which I would assume would be a decent skill set, I was an accounting major.
Any tips would be appreciated. I am in New England and would like to move to New Hampshire or Maine, if you guys have any tips it would be appreciated.

Welcome to The (Not So) Daily Planet!
Comment below with a discussion on the releases this week or the question of the week. Try to reply to others instead of starting new threads on the same topic. Keep the conversations civil and have fun!
Keeping Superman open and welcoming for all

Question of the Week

Are you watching My Adventures With Superman Season 2? Why or why not?
(Join our Discord to discuss further!)
Feel free to suggest future weekly questions!

Comic Singles

DC Pride 2024 #1

THE AWARD-WINNING DC PRIDE ANTHOLOGY IS BACK, WITH ALL-NEW STORIES FOR 2024! DC's Eisner and Ringo award-winning Pride anthology returns in the form of a universe-spanning travelogue like you've never seen! In its pages, Dreamer makes a first-time pilgrimage to her ancestral planet, Naltor! Poison Ivy and Janet from HR go spore-hunting on Portworld! Superman (Jon Kent) gets the boys together for a night out in A-Town, but things go sideways when The Ray vanishes into thin air! Steel (Natasha Irons) works up the courage to face Traci 13 at the Oblivion Bar's Pride party for the first time since they broke up! Aquaman (Jackson Hyde) catches an unexpected ride to the Fourth World just in time for their annual Love Festival! All this and more in a volume celebrating how the LGBTQIA+ community is everywhere and belongs anywhere—even the very furthest reaches of the universe. Plus, this year's anthology features a special preview of the upcoming YA OGN The Strange Case of Harleen and Harley, as well as an unmissable autobiographical story written by industry legend Phil Jimenez about the fantastical worlds that shaped him, brought to life by Giulio Macaione!

Preview
Power Girl #9

Hey Power Girl, come out to play! With the Czarnians seizing control of Power Girl's Metropolis neighborhood, Crush offers herself up as a diplomat to reason with her unreasonable relatives. But these aliens are as corrupt as they are crude and decide they'll just add Crush their growing number of hostages. Can Power Girl save the day solo, or will she fall prey to Goblin and intergalactic biker gang?

Preview

Trades

DC Pride: Better Together [HC]

This hardcover expansion of DC’s celebrated DC Pride 2023 anthology delivers the greatest super-hero team-ups the multiverse has to offer! Legendary scribe Grant Morrison returns to the world of The Multiversity for a tale of the cosmic lengths Flashlight will run to in order to honor his lost love! Harley Quinn and Poison Ivy take a getaway to Dinosaur Island, only to stumble on Lobo’s daughter, Crush! Jon Kent gets a crash course in the dark side of magic from John Constantine! All this and more, plus a gallery of sensational DC Pride variant-cover art!
Collects DC PRIDE 2023 #1 alongside the debut of Circuit Breaker from LAZARUS PLANET: DARK FATE #1 and an Alan Scott tale from DC PRIDE: THROUGH THE YEARS #1.

Dark Crisis on Infinite Earths * [TP*]

The Justice League are dead. Can a new generation of heroes save the Multiverse? DC’s latest Crisis saga is the epic event years in the making!
Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, and the rest of the Justice League are dead. The remaining heroes are left to protect the world from an onslaught of violent attacks by DC’s greatest villains! Leading the charge is a super-powered Slade Wilson...but this time there’s something dark fueling his rage.
Can the younger heroes, led by the 21st century Superman Jonathan Kent, step out of the shadows of the classic icons to form a new Justice League? And will that be enough to stop a darkness greater than anything they’ve ever faced from destroying everything? The world burns as Pariah and the Great Darkness make their play for planet Earth!
The blockbuster creative team of writer Joshua Williamson and artist Daniel Sampere bring years of stories to an explosive crescendo in this massive, cross-generational saga, the latest in DC’s famed canon of Crisis events—and the next evolution of the DC Universe!
Collects JUSTICE LEAGUE (2018) #75 and DARK CRISIS ON INFINITE EARTHS #0-7.

TV

Saturday, 6/1: My Adventures with Superman S02E03 - Fullmetal Scientist
Time/Date: June 1 12:00 AM ET
Network/Channel: Adult Swim

Clark's life falls apart as The General goes into hiding ... in Clark's apartment! Meanwhile, Jimmy struggles with being a leader, and Lois goes toe-to-toe with Vicki Vale as they track down missing scientists!

More My Adventures With Superman Episode Discussions >

Here are some examples:
1: Albrecht, Morgan. "Alcoholism is not a disease." Arguing with the DSM-5 (2014): 9-18. LINK

• 'By continuing to look at addiction as a disease and assuming that certain individuals have a genetic predisposition to alcohol, we eliminate the concept of free will. Specifically this eliminates the concept of the freedom of choice that an individual has in whether or not to consume alcohol. A disease model of addiction focuses on biological and genetic factors, meaning that some sort of medical treatment would be required. However, just because it has been said that alcoholism is a disease does not necessarily make it true. There has yet to be concrete evidence supporting this notion.'

IMO: Albrecht is right. What exact gene causes alcoholism if it's a disease? What is the biological mechanism for alcoholism at the cellular level?
2: Douglas, Donald B. "Alcoholism as an addiction: The disease concept reconsidered." Journal of substance abuse treatment 3.2 (1986): 115-120. LINK

• The concept of alcoholism as a disease is basically due to a reversal of the perception of cause and effect and has thereby impoverished full understanding and treatment of the entire process of addictive emotionally, addictive relationships and the addictive way of life.

IMO: Douglas is a great resource on this because even back in 1986, as an MD, they were looking for a 'cure', and they found there wasn't one in the traditional sense of a 'disease'.
3: Hore, Brian. "The disease concept of alcoholism." The British Journal of Psychiatry 159.1 (1991): 159-159. LINK
IMO: This is a good historical resource because you can see MDs and PhDs are arguing about the disease model, and they acknowledge that it's mainly adopted in the US for very specific reasons. Even though Hore still thinks the disease model is useful, they acknowledge that there is not a consensus in the scientific community that it actually is true that alcoholism is a disease.
4: Wilkerson Jr, Albert Ernest. A history of the concept of alcoholism as a disease. University of Pennsylvania, 1966. LINK
IMO: This is a great resource as the concept's origin is explored rather than accepted as absolute fact. Where did this idea come from and why?
5: Fingarette, Herbert. The Public Interest; New York Vol. 91, (Spring 1988): 3. LINK.

• 'The idea that alcoholism is a disease is a myth'.

6: Heather, N., Best, D., Kawalek, A., Field, M., Lewis, M., Rotgers, F., … Heim, D. (2018). Challenging the brain disease model of addiction: European launch of the addiction theory network. Addiction Research & Theory, 26(4), 249–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2017.1399659

• More info on the disease model's histories and well-known criticisms.

7: Heather N. Why alcoholism is not a disease. Med J Aust. 1992 Feb 3;156(3):212-5. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1992.tb139711.x. PMID: 1545723. LINK

• More direct challenges to the disease model from the 90s.

Honestly, looking back on the literature, I'd say the disease model was challenged from the very beginning. It's frustrating to be questioning this concept as well decades later- being bullied by AA addicts and ill-advised Al Anon folks- that it's a 'dIsEaSe' in 2024 despite literal decades of scholars, PhDs, and MDs questioning this model from the very start. This was what I could access without even a good university library access to find better articles. But if you read these, you'll see there are several other authors referenced as early as the 60s arguing against the disease model.