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Student Teaching

2014.01.15 10:04 fluffyducks92 Student Teaching

This subreddit is for those who are prospectively or currently in the midst of becoming a educator to join in teaching and building our world starting with our young people. Current teachers, student teachers, and those interested in the educational teaching professor are welcome! Please share knowledge with others.

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2024.05.19 02:09 Mysterious_Slip_4694 Venting. Need support or advice

Little rant about my parents and sum of my life. My parents moved to the states from the Middle East. They didn’t pass down the Arabic language to me barely taught me the religion. My dad isn’t a good father and my mom is just here to basically raise us but unfortunately it’s just very halfa.s. I got bullied by other Arabs because I’m not arab enough especially I don’t know the Arabic language. My dad didn’t leave us but he never properly raised his children. My dad is very controlling and bipolar he likes to put me down and compare me to others because they’re “perfect Muslims” and makes fun of me for not knowing the Arabic language. How can it be my fault? They never taught me it and made fun of me when I tried. I have no connections to my family back at my parents home country. I’m basically stuck living in the west. My mom gave up on me and said I’m on my own. That I’m grown and I have my own life now but I’m hopeless and angry at them for not teaching me the language and the religion properly. Angry that they had kids for nothing and didn’t teach us valuable lessons. Thankfully I never left islam throughout my whole life but I cry every night because I don’t understand why Allah didn’t give me better parents that are serious with Islam and the Arabic language. I have plans inshallah one day to move to a Muslim country and have a family there.then again I don’t know if it’ll ever happen it’s up to Allah swt.

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2024.05.19 02:06 Glittering_Gap_3320 Student teachers-the good, the bad, and the ugly.

I have mentored 4 student teachers in the past two years, with only 1 showing an outstanding attitude and work ethic. My first one helped herself to my secret stash of chocolate, giving it to a work colleague, so I couldn’t stress-eat in my recess break. She also invited herself out to dinner with other (too-nice colleagues) and said “Oops! Can you spot me? I don’t have any money on me.” She did not pay him back. She used to rock up 29 minutes before class, sit at my desk and require reminders to stop being on her laptop when I’d previously arranged for her to supervise a small group. Student 2 used to skip into my room and ask me “What’s your goal that you want to achieve today?” before informing me that she was off her ADHD meds and all over the shop. Which brings me to my current student teacher. I’ve awkwardly been put into a situation where she is a parent at the school. - not even manage to locate the paperwork she needs to record her observations, lesson plans or know what rubric I’m assessing her on (I found it all within 10 minutes of reading the Uni handbook). - Writes lesson plans that require me to spellcheck (I can’t even at this point). Lesson plans arrive 3 days after discussion. - I get emails seeking clarification on things we have already discussed, or I have provided resources for them to research content knowledge, behaviour management etc but then actively asking questions that could be answered by reading the said resources. - Not having access to personal laptop or knowing how to log in to access her Uni things from the school laptop I’ve provided. - I get 3am emails because she’s stressing at how she’ll be able to cope and has stated she wants to cry when some student (Junior kids) needs her support and she doesn’t know how to give it. I mean….this parent has a child in exactly the same age group! - I’ve reassured her that she doesn’t have to do it all and I do not have expectations that everything will be perfect but to prioritise what’s important- observing, getting to know students and writing a lesson plan. Yet I’m the one accessing all of the materials she needs and I cannot believe I am dealing with a grown adult here. -It’s not even a ‘student teacher’ thing for me- I’m just finding it depressing that people who are so obviously unsuited to being a teacher are studying a Masters, and have stated that they are doing this because ‘they’re scared that AI will take their current job’ is setting our profession up for failure. My most competent student teacher who will become a fabulous teacher over time is the only thing that motivates me to keep mentoring. Thanks for the rant….It’s a laugh or cry situation….🤦🏾‍♀️🤯

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2024.05.19 02:05 adulting4kids Lesson 12

Lesson 12: Justice's Balance and The Justice Card
Our exploration of the Tarot continues with The Justice card, symbolizing balance, fairness, and the consequences of one's actions. Let's delve into the themes of justice, ethics, and finding equilibrium in various aspects of life.
Discussion Questions: 1. How do you currently approach situations that require a sense of justice and fairness? 2. Reflect on a time when ethical considerations played a significant role in decision-making. What principles guided you? 3. In what areas of your life do you feel the need for increased balance and fairness?
Guided Meditation: Visualize the scales of justice, representing the balance needed in various aspects of life. Feel the energy of fairness and impartiality surrounding you. Explore the thoughts and feelings that arise during this visualization.
Exercise 12: Pull The Justice card and contemplate its themes. Identify situations where balance and fairness are crucial. Create a plan to approach these situations with ethical considerations, documenting your experiences and the impact on your sense of equilibrium.

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2024.05.19 01:55 adulting4kids Lesson Five Major Arcana

Lesson 5: The Emperor's Authority and The Emperor Card
Our journey unfolds with The Emperor, a card embodying authority, structure, and the power of disciplined leadership. Let's explore the themes of order and governance in both external and internal aspects of life.
Discussion Questions: 1. How do you currently embody or respond to authority in your life? 2. Reflect on instances when structure and discipline were beneficial. How did they contribute to your success? 3. In what areas do you feel the need for more order or leadership, both within and outside yourself?
Guided Meditation: Picture yourself in a regal setting, symbolizing The Emperor's authority. Envision a crown atop your head, representing your own leadership qualities. Feel the sense of control and stability that comes with responsible governance. Observe any sensations or insights during this visualization.
Exercise 5: Pull The Emperor card and consider the role of authority in your life. Identify areas where establishing order and structure is beneficial. Create a plan for implementing disciplined approaches in these aspects and document your experiences as you embrace leadership.

submitted by adulting4kids to tarotjourneys [link] [comments]

2024.05.19 01:52 madsmish Our experience in the first 12 weeks with our reflux baby

This reddit has been a treasure trove of information and support. We have seen many stories of other families who are enduring a hard, long few months with a reflux baby. Thank you for helping us feel less crazy and like others understand.
In our experience, we found there isn't a lot of helpful information about how to help a baby going through reflux and how to know if your baby might have reflux. So, we wanted to share our experience in hopes that you will feel less alone and maybe encouraged too!
If you want the story, here it is! If not, skip to the bottom section.
Feeding has been a difficult journey since our daughter was born. She lost over 10% of her weight in 2 days (I am told that is normal for breastfed babies). So, the lactation consultants encouraged me to begin pumping after every feed to increase supply, or 12 times a day. I did this for 4 weeks. While my supply eventually came in, feeding continued to be immensely difficult. After 7 lactation appointments and multiple appointments with the pediatrician, we were greatly discouraged. By the time our daughter was 8 weeks old, she would scream every feed and feeds would take close to two hours. Even giving her a bottle of breastmilk would take more than an hour for her to finish. I was ready to throw in the towel on breastfeeding because I was devastated at how difficult it was. Our daughter would scream and cry more than 10 hours a day. It was awful. I also experienced lots of nipple pain around this time, which added to the frustration.
When our daughter was 8 weeks old, our pediatrician referred us to an Occupational Therapist thinking her suck reflex might have issues. We had a 3 hour appointment with the Occupational Therapist who assessed that she did have some issues with tongue positioning when swallowing and a shallow latch, but her assessment was that reflux was the biggest problem our daughter was facing. We began doing exercises for the latch and tongue issues. Because of the OT's assessment, our doctor prescribed Famotidine for our baby. Now, our baby is almost 12 weeks and is very happy! Breastfeeding is one of her favorite things and is a good experience for us both! She eats in under 30 minutes and most feeds are joyful. There are still hard reflux days where she is unhappy and struggles to latch, but overall it is much better!
Here are the top things we learned:

We learned the signs of reflux our LO was experiencing. For her reflux looked like: Clearing her throat, latching then quickly unlatching, throwing her head back, crying as if she was in pain, tons of spit up (even 30 minutes after she ate), and she needed to be burped a lot.
Our baby developed a fear of reflux which led to a fear of eating. She became defensive during nursing, despite her hunger because she was afraid of acid coming up. She also limited her eating because with reflux she would experience more acid when her stomach was full. So, this was a key reason why our LO fought eating. Knowing she was in pain definitely gave me more grace and patience, but it was so sad to discover that she was afraid to eat.
We began to choose a baby-led feeding position

In the hospital, I was taught the football feeding position and was told to smash her face into the boob so she would latch. Many lactation appointments confirmed this. However, for our reflux baby, this added fear because she would try to pull away but I wouldn’t understand her cue. We learned from the occupational therapist that the baby has to trust that I see her cues of struggle so she can regroup before taking in more milk. This meant, we had to do a breastfeeding position where I was not holding her head and where she could have more freedom to pull away as she needed.
For breastfeeding we did a side-by-side position. Where the baby lays on her side right next to me. This gives her the freedom to pull away as needed. Once we rebuilt trust, I was able to do a cross-cradle position. I still do not hold her head. She can pull away as needed.
We also do this with the bottle. We started with her mostly sitting up, leaned against pillows. When reflux started to bother her, she could pull away and then come back when she was ready.

With our LO, we developed a mantra: When it doubt, pull it out

Anytime we think LO is having trouble and might cough/choke, we started pulling off the breast or tilting the bottle to give her a break.
For our LO, choking means more frustration and fear of nursing. I was concerned she wouldn’t latch back on, but I found it is much better to give her a break then to push her.

Burping

Our LO needed lot of burping. Here's our signs she needed burped immediately: clearing her throat, anytime she starts wiggling a lot, anytime she is choking or coughing, etc.
We got into the habit of always burping every 10mL of the bottle or 4-5 minutes on the breast. I also burp in between sides.

Upright positions make a big difference for our LO

We keep her upright for 20 minutes after a feed so she doesn’t have as much burning acid come up. It’s our way of helping her keep it down.
We had to plan when we'd do tummy time and diaper changes so that our LO wasn't at risk of spit-up (or hiccups). We did it before feeds or after holding upright for a while.

We learned to use a pacifier or LO's hand to help her keep the reflux down

For our girl, we found the swallow reflex can be used with a "dry nipple" (finger, pacifier, etc) to get her to continually swallow. This helps the reflux stay down for her! You and I do it all the time to keep stomach nasties from coming back up.

Celebrate every minute of baby sleep you get

A well rested baby eats so much better. Our LO was much more patient with us during this difficult work of feeding when she had a good nap. Give yourself grace if all you can do is contact naps.

Our experience with Famotidine (Pepcid)

We saw some results immediately.
We saw better results after 5 days
We saw great results after 14 days.
All babies cry. This won't change that. But it's nothing like it was before. Our LO does not throw her head back and most feeds are very positive. She's still fussy in the evening, but that can be normal for all babies.
We think we notice when it wears off, right now we're on a single dose per day. The last feed before her dose, she usually struggles. But that's nothing compared to how it was.

Help your Dr. by eliminating all uncertainty that it truly is a reflux problem.

We have a great pediatrician! But how do you know if a patient really does need medication when there might be something less drastic that would solve the problem? It really helped our dr. that we gave her a detailed account of the symptoms and timing of our LO's problems. It also helped that we happened to need to bottle feed our LO in front of the dr and it was terrible! The dr could see for herself what it was. I also cut dairy and regulated caffeine early. This helped our dr. be confident that a reflux medication was the best next step. We haven't added dairy back in yet. Just happy things are better right now.

Don't be afraid to advocate for you and your baby.

No one will care about your baby as much as you do. Lactation, pediatrics, OT, every professional has a specific purpose and goal that's aligned with what they know best. But YOU are the kid-expert. Trust your gut. If you think something isn't working or your LO isn't alright, advocate. Lactation will hope for a completely breast-fed baby. Which is a wonderful thing. But what's most important is that your baby is happy and healthy no matter how that happens. Formula, pumped, or breast-fed. Many pediatricians will be concerned with the child's development. We hit our milestones, but it came a huge cost of time with 120 minute feeds each time, and very little sleep. Make sure that ALL medical professionals giving you important advice knows your LO's backstory. We made some mistakes with this... That's another post. Taking good notes helped our occupational therapist spot the problem over time.
And when you try new things, get some sort of timeline of how long to try it before there be improvement. Find out if the medication or technique should work after a week or a month. This will help you manage your expectations when you might be feeling hopeless.

Know your milestones

It is normal for certain weeks to be challenging. Knowing our milestones helped us understand the full picture of what our LO was experiencing, not just reflux related. And, it gave us hope that some of the misery wouldn't last forever. Haha.
Non reflux-related breastfeeding lessons

Pump-related

I hurt so bad from pumping and I assumed that was normal. I went through weeks of blanched nipples and very significant nipple pain only to discover I wasn't pumping correctly! Make sure to measure your nipples for your flange size. If you are working with a lactation consultant, they can help with this. Also, I learned to check the breast pump manual to learn about the settings. I have now made some adjustments to the settings. Now that I have discovered these things, my nipple pain has gone away.

Shame when breastfeeding isn't working

I experienced a lot of shame and guilt when breastfeeding wasn't going well. I thought I was a terrible mom and I felt embarrassed that something that should be natural and easy was a nightmare. That led me down all kinds of destructive thoughts, fearing that I wouldn't be a good mom moving forward because this area was hard. I had to learn to reframe things. I had to start to see that any volume of milk my reflux LO got was a win. I had to discipline myself to not compare myself to other moms who could breastfeed in public for less than 10 minutes while I had to make sure to feed in the car, knowing my LO would take over an hour and cry nonstop. I had to learn that if a feed wasn't going well, it isn't a failure to decide to offer a bottle to help LO fill up more quickly. Honestly, I had to learn to lay aside my expectations and do what worked. And, I had to have my identity not wrapped around breastfeeding and my child's success. Just as my LO struggled in this area, she will struggle with more things in the future. I will be a better mom if I can love her through it without feeling shame for where she is at. Having a supportive, loving husband greatly helped when I wanted to throw in the towel. I also found that talking with my counselor and having a space to remember the truth about my baby (i.e. her struggling to breastfeed is because of the reflux, not because I am a bad mom), greatly helped my mental health and my relationship with my baby.
It is the end of week 11 for us and it has changed dramatically for the better! We are on week 3 of the Famotidine. Our baby smiles all the time and is a joy to be around. I am beginning to like being a mom, which I couldn't imagine 2 weeks ago. People say things get better at week 12 and we didn't believe them. We felt hopeless. For us, it actually did get better. But, we know that isn't everyone's story. Regardless of how long you have been struggling with a reflux baby, it is incredibly hard on the whole family. And, I don't know when it will get better for you. My prayer is that it will get better for you very soon because it sucks and is awful. In the meantime, I hope this post helps in some way or at least helps you know that someone else in the world gets where you are coming from.

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2024.05.19 01:51 adulting4kids More Lessons

Lesson 11: Reflecting on Progress and Adjustment
Take a moment to reflecton your journey so far. Acknowledge any insights, shifts, or challenges you've encountered. The Hermit card represents introspection and wisdom gained through experience. Meditate on your personal growth, recognizing the lessons learned.
Exercise 11: Set aside time for self-reflection. Create a list of key insights from your Tarot studies and experiences. Consider any adjustments needed in your approach to personal development.
Lesson 12: Shadow Work with the Devil
Explore the concept of shadow work using the Devil card. Shadow work involves confronting and integrating aspects of yourself that you may avoid. Engage in a guided meditation to delve into your shadows.
Exercise 12: Journal about your shadow work experience. Identify any patterns or behaviors that may need acknowledgment and acceptance. Explore ways to transform and integrate these aspects.
Lesson 13: Healing Energy with the Star
The Star card represents hope, healing, and renewal. Practice a guided meditation focusing on accessing healing energy and envisioning a bright future.
Exercise 13: Incorporate healing practices into your routine. Whether through meditation, energy work, or self-care, align with the energy of the Star to promote emotional and physical well-being.
Lesson 14: Finding Balance with Temperance
Learn about balance and moderation with the Temperance card. Engage in a meditation to cultivate harmony within, blending different aspects of your life.
Exercise 14: Identify areas where balance is needed in your life. Create a plan to incorporate moderation and equilibrium. Journal about the effects of finding harmony in daily activities.
Lesson 15: Transformation with Death
Understand the transformative energy of the Death card. Meditate on embracing change and letting go of what no longer serves your growth.
Exercise 15: Reflect on aspects of your life that require transformation. Journal about what needs releasing and how you can navigate change positively. Embrace the potential for rebirth.
Lesson 16: Strength and Resilience with the Strength Card
Explore the concept of inner strength and resilience with the Strength card. Engage in a guided meditation to tap into your inner fortitude.
Exercise 16: Identify situations where you need inner strength. Practice the qualities of courage and resilience in your daily life. Journal about moments of personal strength.
Lesson 17: Exploring Intuition with the Hanged Man
Delve into the Hanged Man's energy, representing surrender and a shift in perspective. Practice intuitive exercises and meditation to enhance your connection with higher guidance.
Exercise 17: Dedicate time to intuitive practices, such as meditation and divination. Record any intuitive insights and how they guide your decision-making. Reflect on the power of surrender.
Lesson 18: Embracing Change with the Wheel of Fortune
Understand the cyclical nature of life with the Wheel of Fortune. Meditate on embracing change, acknowledging the constant ebb and flow of existence.
Exercise 18: Reflect on cycles in your life. Identify areas where change is needed and how you can align with the natural rhythm. Journal about your willingness to adapt to life's fluctuations.
Lesson 19: Wisdom and Experience with the Hierophant
The Hierophant represents tradition and spiritual guidance. Engage in a meditation to connect with your inner wisdom and seek guidance from spiritual sources.
Exercise 19: Explore different spiritual practices. Incorporate rituals or traditions that resonate with you. Journal about the insights gained and the connection to your inner wisdom.
Lesson 20: Integration and Mastery with the World
As you conclude your Tarot journey, meditate on the energy of the World card, symbolizing completion and mastery. Reflect on how your understanding of esoteric wisdom has deepened.
Exercise 20: Summarize your Tarot journey. Create a visual representation or written reflection on how each card has contributed to your personal growth. Celebrate your achievements and newfound wisdom.
Congratulations on completing your Tarot journey! May your ongoing exploration of esoteric wisdom bring continued insight and inspiration.

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2024.05.19 00:57 honeypuppy Are Some Rationalists Dangerously Overconfident About AI?

AI has long been discussed in rationalist circles. There’s been a lot of focus on risks from artificial intelligence (particularly the idea that it might cause human extinction), but also the idea that artificial general intelligence might happen quite soon and subsequently transform society (e.g. supercharging economic growth in a technological singularity).
I’ve long found these arguments intriguing, and probably underrated by the public as a whole. I definitely don’t align myself with people like Steven Pinker who dismiss AI concerns entirely.
Nonetheless, I’ve noticed increasingly high confidence in beliefs of near-term transformative AI among rationalists. To be fair, it’s reasonable to update somewhat given recent advances like GPT-4. But among many, there is a belief that AI advances are the single most important thing happening right now. And among a minority, there are people with very extreme beliefs - such as quite high confidence that transformative AI is just a few years away, and/or that AI is very likely to kill us all.
My core arguments in this post are that firstly, from an “epistemic humility” or “outside view” perspective, we should be suspicious of confident views that the world is soon going to end (or change radically).
Secondly, the implications of the most radical views could cause people who hold them to inflict significant harm on themselves or others.

Who Believes In “AI Imminence”?

The single person I am most specifically critiquing is Eliezer Yudkowsky. Yudkowsky appears unwilling to give specific probabilities but writings like “Death With Dignity” has caused many including Scott Alexander to characterise him as believing that AI has a >90% chance of causing human extinction)
As a very prominent and very “doomy” rationalist, I worry that he may have convinced a fair number of people to share similar views, views which if taken seriously could hold its holders to feel depressed and/or make costly irrevocable decisions.
But though I think Yudkowsky deserves the most scrutiny, I don’t want to focus entirely on him.
Take Scott Alexander - he frames himself in the aforementioned link as “not as much of a doomer as some people”, yet gave a 33% probability (later adjusted downwards as a result of outside view considerations like those I raise in here) to “only” ~20%. While this leaves enough room for hope that it’s not as potentially dangerous a view as Yudkowsky’s, I agree with how the top Reddit comment in the original post said:

Is AI risk the only field where someone can write an article about how they’re not (much) of a doomer when they think that the risk of catastrophe/disasteextinction is 33%?

Beyond merely AI risk, claims about “transformative AI” date back to ideas about the “intelligent explosion” or “singularity” that are most popularly associated with Ray Kurzweil. A modern representation of this is Tom Davidson of Open Philanthropy, who wrote a report on takeoff speeds.
Other examples can be seen in (pseudo-)prediction markets popular with rationalists, such as Metaculus putting the median date of AGI at 2032, and Manifold Markets having a 17% chance of AI doom by 2100 (down from its peak of around 50% (!) in mid-2023).

Why Am I Sceptical?

My primary case for (moderate) scepticism is not about the object-level arguments around AI, but appealing to the “outside view”. My main arguments are:

Superforecasters and financial markets are not giving high credence to transformative AI. Both groups have good track records, so we should strongly consider deferring to their views.
The transformative AI argument is "fishy" (to borrow Will MacAskill’s argument against “The Most Important Century”). It implies that not only we are at an unusually pivotal time in history (perhaps the most important decade, let alone century), but that consequently, rationalists are perhaps the most important prophets in history. When your claims are that extraordinary, it seems much more likely that they're mistaken.
The “inside view” arguments do not seem very robust to me. That is, they are highly speculative arguments that are primarily discussed among an insular group of people in usually relatively informal settings. I think you should be wary of any argument that emerges via this process, even if you can’t point to any specific way in which they are wrong.

Why I’m Against Highly Immodest Epistemology

However, maybe appealing to the “outside view” is incorrect? Eliezer Yudkowsky wrote a book, Inadequate Equiibria, which in large part argued against what he saw as excessive use of the “outside view”. He advises:

Try to spend most of your time thinking about the object level. If you’re spending more of your time thinking about your own reasoning ability and competence than you spend thinking about Japan’s interest rates and NGDP, or competing omega-6 vs. omega-3 metabolic pathways, you’re taking your eye off the ball.

I think Yudkowsky makes a fair point about being excessively modest. If you are forever doubting your own reasoning to the extent that you think you should defer to the majority of Americans who are creationists, you’ve gone too far.
But I think his case is increasingly weak the more radically immodest your views here. I’ll explain with the following analogy:
Suppose you were talking to someone who was highly confident in their new business idea. What is an appropriate use of a “modesty” argument cautioning against overconfidence?
A strong-form modesty argument would go something like “No new business idea could work, because if it could, someone would already have done it”. This is refuted by countless real-world examples, and I don’t think anyone actually believes in strong-form modesty.
A moderate-form modesty argument would go something like “Some new business ideas work, but most fail, even when their founders were quite confident in them. As an aspiring entrepreneur, you should think your chances of success in your new venture are similar to those of the reference class of aspiring entrepreneurs”.
The arguments against epistemic modesty in Inadequate Equilibria are mainly targeted against reasoning like this. And I think here there’s a case where we can have reasonable disagreement about the appropriate level of modesty. You may have some good reasons to believe that your idea is unusually good or that you are unusually likely to succeed as an entrepreneur. (Though a caveat: with too many degrees of freedom, I think you run the risk of leading yourself to whatever conclusion you like).
For the weak-form modesty argument, let’s further specify that your aspiring entrepreneur’s claim was “I’m over 90% confident that my business will make me the richest person in the world”.
To such a person, I would say: “Your claim is so incredibly unlikely a priori and so self-aggrandising that I feel comfortable in saying you’re overconfident without even needing to consider your arguments”.
That is basically what I feel about Eliezer Yudwosky and AI.
Let’s take a minute to consider what the implications are if Yudkowsky is correctly calibrated about his beliefs in AI. For a long time, he was one of the few people in the world to be seriously concerned about it, and even now, with many more people concerned about AI risk, he stands out as having some of the highest confidence in doom.
If he’s right, then he’s arguably the most important prophet in history. Countless people throughout history have tried forecasting boon or bust (and almost always been wrong). But on arguably the most important question in human history - when we will go extinct and why - Yudkowsky was among the very few people to see it and easily the most forceful.
Indeed, I’d say this is a much more immodest claim than claiming your business idea will make you the richest person in the world. The title of the richest person in the world has been shared by numerous people throughout history, but “the most accurate prophet of human extinction” is a title that can only ever be held by one person.
I think Scott Alexander’s essay Epistemic Learned Helplessness teaches a good lesson here. Argument convincingness isn’t necessarily strongly correlated with the truth of a claim. If someone gives you what appears to be a strong argument for something that appears crazy, you should nonetheless remain highly sceptical.
Yet I feel like Yudkowsky wants to appeal to “argument convincingness” because that’s what he’s good at. He has spent decades honing his skills arguing on the internet, and much less at acquiring traditional credentials and prestige. “Thinking on the object level” sounds like it’s about being serious and truth-seeking, but I think in practice it’s about privileging convincing-sounding arguments and being a good internet debater above all other evidence.
A further concern I have about “argument convincingness” for AI is that there’s almost certainly a large “motivation gap” in favour of the production of pro-AI-risk arguments compared to anti-AI-risk arguments, with the worriers spending considerably more time and effort than the detractors. As Philip Trammel points out in his post “But Have They Engaged with The Arguments?, this is true of almost any relatively fringe position. This can make the apparent balance of “argumentative evidence” misleading in those cases, with AI no exception.
Finally, Yudkowsky’s case for immodesty depends partly on alleging he has a good track record of applying immodesty to “beat the experts”. But his main examples (a lightbox experiment and the monetary policy of the Bank of Japan) I don’t find that impressive given he could cherry-pick. Here’s an article alleging that Yudkowsky’s predictions have frequently between egregiously wrong and here’s another arguing that his Bank of Japan position in particular didn’t ultimately pan out.

Why I’m Also Sceptical of Moderately Immodest Epistemology

I think high-confidence predictions of doom (or utopia) are much more problematic than relatively moderate views - they are more likely to be wrong, and if taken seriously, more strongly imply that the believer should consider making radical, probably harmful life changes.
But I do still worry that the ability to contrast with super confident people like Yudkowsky lets the “not a total doomer” people off the hook a little too easily. I think it’s admirable that Scott Alexander seriously grappled with the fact that superforecasters disagreed with him and updated downwards based on that observation.
Still, let’s revisit the “aspiring entrepreneur” analogy - imagine they had instead said: “You know what, I’ve listened to your claims about modesty and agree that I’ve been overconfident. I now think there’s only a 20% chance that my business idea will make me the richest person in the world”.
Sure - they’ve moved in the right direction, but it’s easy to see that they’re still not doing modesty very well.
An anti-anti-AI risk argument Scott made (in MR Tries the Safe Uncertainly Fallacy) is that appealing to base rates leaves you vulnerable to “reference class tennis” where both sides can appeal to different reference classes, and the “only winning move is not to play”.
Yet in the case of our aspiring entrepreneur, I think the base rate argument of “extremely few people can become the richest person in the world” is very robust. If the entrepreneur tried to counter with “But I can come up with all sorts of other reference classes in which I come out more favourably! Reference class tennis! Engage with my object-level arguments!”, it would not be reasonable to throw up your hands and say “Well, I can’t come up with good counterarguments, so I guess you probably do have a 20% chance of becoming the richest person in the world then”.
I contend that “many people have predicted the end of the world and they’ve all been wrong” is another highly robust reference class. Yes, you can protest about “anthropic effects” or reasons why “this time is different”. And maybe the reasons why “this time is different” are indeed a lot better than usual. Still, I contend that you should start from a prior of overwhelming skepticism and only make small updates based on arguments you read. You should not go “I read these essays with convincing arguments about how we’re all going to die, I guess I just believe that now”.

What Should We Make Of Surveys Of AI Experts?

Surveys done of AI experts, as well as opinions of well-regarded experts like Geoffrey Hinton and Stewart Russell, have shown significant concerns about AI risk (example).
I think this is good evidence for taking AI risk seriously. One important thing it does is raise AI risk out of the reference class of garden-variety doomsday predictions/crazy-sounding theories that have no expert backing.
However, I think it’s still only moderately good evidence.
Firstly, I think we should not consider it as an “expert consensus” nearly as strong as say, the expert consensus on climate change. There is nothing like an IPCC for AI, for example. This is not a mature, academically rigorous field. I don’t think we should update too strongly from AI experts spending a few minutes filling in a survey. (See for instance this comment about the survey, showing how non-robust the answers given are, indicating the responders aren’t thinking super hard about the questions).
Secondly, I believe forecasting AI risk is a multi-disciplinary skill. Consider for instance asking physicists to predict the chances of human extinction due to nuclear war in the 1930s. They would have an advantage in predicting nuclear capabilities, but after nuclear weapons were developed, the reasons we haven’t had a nuclear war yet have much more to do with international relations than nuclear physics.
And maybe AGI is so radically different from the AI that exists today that perhaps asking AI researchers now about AI risk might have been like asking 19th-century musket manufacturers about the risk from a hypothetical future “super weapon”.
I think an instructive analogy were the failed neo-Malthusian predictions of the 1960s and 1970s, such as The Population Bomb or The Limits to Growth. Although I’m unable to find clear evidence of this, my impression is that these beliefs were quite mainstream among the most “obvious” expert class of biologists (The Population Bomb author Paul Ehlrich had a PhD in biology), and the primary critics tended to be in other fields like economics (most notably Julian Simon). Biologists had insights, but they also had blind spots. Any “expert survey” that only interviewed biologists would have missed crucial insights from other disciplines.

What Are The Potential Consequences Of Overconfidence?

People have overconfident beliefs all the time. Some people erroneously thought Hillary Clinton was ~99% likely to win the 2016 Presidential election. Does it matter that much if they’re overconfident about AI?
Well, suppose you were overconfident about Clinton. You probably didn’t do anything differently in your life, and the only real cost of your overconfidence was being unusually surprised on election day 2016. Even one of the people who was that confident in Clinton didn’t suffer any worse consequences than eating a bug on national television.
But take someone who is ~90% confident that AI will radically transform or destroy society (“singularity or extinction by 2040") and seriously acts like it.
Given that, it seems apparently reasonable to be much more short-term focused. You might choose to stop saving for retirement. You might forgo education on the basis that it will be obsolete soon. These are actions that some people have previously taken, are considering taking or are actually taking because of expectations of AI progress.
At a societal level, high confidence in short-term transformative AI implies that almost all non-AI related long-term planning that humanity does is probably a waste. The most notable example would be climate change. If AI either kills us or radically speeds up scientific and economic growth by the middle of the century, then it seems pretty stupid to be worrying about climate change. Indeed, we’re probably underconsuming fossil fuels that could be used to improve the lives of people right now.
At its worst, there is the possibility of AI-risk-motivated terrorism. Here’s a twitter thread from Emil Torres talking about this, noticeably this tweet in particular about minutes from an AI safety workshop “sending bombs” to OpenAI and DeepMind.
To be fair, I think it’s highly likely the people writing that were trolling. Still - if you’re a cold-blooded utilitarian bullet-biter with short timelines and high p(doom), I could easily see you rationalising such actions.
I want to be super careful about this - I don’t want to come across as claiming that terrorism is a particularly likely consequence of “AI dooming”, nor do I want to risk raising the probability of it by discussing it too much and planting the seed of it in someone’s head. But a community that takes small risks seriously should be cognizant of the possibility. This is a concern that I think anyone with a large audience and relatively extreme views (about AI or anything) should take into account.

Conclusion

This post has been kicking around in draft form since around the release of GPT-4 a year ago. At that time, there were a lot of breathless takes on Twitter about how AGI was just around the corner, Yudkowsy was appearing on a lot of podcasts saying we were all going to die, and I started to feel like lots of people had gone a bit far off on the deep end.
Since then I feel there’s a little bit of a vibe shift away from the most extreme scenarios (as exhibited in the Manifold extinction markets), as well as me personally probably overestimating how many people ever believed in them. I’ve found it hard to try to properly articulate the message: “You’re probably directionally correct relative to society as a whole, but some unspecified number of you have probably gone too far”.
Nonetheless, my main takeaways are:

Eliezer Yudkowsky (these days) is probably causing harm, and people with moderate concerns about AI should distance themselves from him. Espousing views that we are all likely to die from AI should not be tolerated as a merely strong opinion, but as something that can cause meaningful harm to people who believe it. I feel this might actually be happening to some degree (I think it’s notable that e.g. the 80,000 Hours podcast has never interviewed him, despite interviewing plenty of other AI-risk-concerned people). But I would like to see more of a “Sister Souljah moment” where e.g. a prominent EA thought leader explicitly disavows him.
Yudkowsky being the worst offender doesn't let everyone else off the hook. For instance, I think Scott Alexander is much better at taking modesty seriously, yet I don't think he takes it seriously enough.
We should be generally suspicious of arguments for crazy-sounding things. I have not only become more suspicious of arguments about AI, but also other arguments relatively popular in rationalist or EA circles, but not so much outside it (think certain types of utilitarian arguments that imply that e.g. maybe insect welfare or the long-term future outweighs everything else). I appreciate that they might say something worth considering, and perhaps weak-form versions of them could be reasonable. But the heuristic of “You probably haven’t found the single most important thing ever” is something I think should be given more weight.

submitted by honeypuppy to slatestarcodex [link] [comments]

2024.05.19 00:56 Gal_Monday Cancellation penalty

At one point a year or so ago, VRBO asked to create a property identity for a property we used to live in and now rent out. (I think they found me on AirBnB.) We're not professional landlords, just random people who held onto our previous home in case we wanted to move back to that city. I rented the place out on Furnished Finder and put it on hold on VRBO for the very max days possible.
It must have come off hold, because then I got a notice that someone had auto-booked it for a 3-month period. !! I cancelled it immediately. This was for a couple months out, and I immediately cancelled it (approx 6-8 hours after booking) with an apologetic note to the guest, who responded graciously and did not seem upset.
I called VRBO seeing the "you might be charged a penalty" note, and explained the circumstances. They told me that since it was the first time and was so far in advance, the penalty could be reduced to I think it was $95 (it was definitely under $100). I figured "ugh, expensive lesson, but ok." Then they sent me an invoice for $785.
I have NEVER rented my property via VRBO. The guest forgave me and was only marginally inconvenienced with months yet to plan. I see now that this is their policy, but I wasn't tracking policy changes because I wasn't trying to use their platform. Plus, I keep going back to the fact that on the day of cancellation, I talked to someone who said the fee would be below $100 due to the circumstances.
In addition, I could have hosted the people if the current tenants had stuck to their original timeline, but they haven't, and local laws don't allow me to hold them to it even if I wanted to. So by VRBO's standards of it being out of one's control, I also feel I should qualify. I know AirBnB waives cancellations caused due to a guest overstay. However, my attempt to ask for a waiver didn't go anywhere.
It is all very frustrating, and I have not found it easy to communicate with their telephone help team.
Advice? Any tips to revolve this? What would happen if I were to just cancel my account and walk away?

submitted by Gal_Monday to vrbohosts [link] [comments]

2024.05.19 00:56 TheMost_ut Isla Vista Shooting 10 years later...Elliot Rodgers' mother remembers the tragedy.

https://www.motherjones.com/criminal-justice/2024/05/threat-assessment-mass-shooting-elliot-rodger-isla-vista-mothe?utm_source=pocket-newtab-en-us
It's ten years since "Incel" Elliot Rodgers went on a shooting rampage and ultimately killed himself.
Chin, his mother, remembers the event and the warning signs that she herself didn't recognize.
The author has studied numerous mass shootings and makes a very important point: That these killers are not just monsters who suddenly erupt and go on a mass shooting. The same probably applies to family annihilators.
They are not inscrutable monsters who suddenly “snap” and attack impulsively, but instead are troubled people who spiral into crisis—and whose brewing plans for violence can be detected, explained, and potentially prevented.
The signs are there, we need to learn to see them. Hence, the lessons referred to in the title.

submitted by TheMost_ut to TrueCrimeDiscussion [link] [comments]

2024.05.19 00:54 Samesize1z Geography Lessons

submitted by Samesize1z to u/Samesize1z [link] [comments]

2024.05.19 00:44 softtechhubus Unlocking Passive Income Streams: Strategies for Financial Freedom

Unlocking Passive Income Streams: Strategies for Financial Freedom in 2024

https://preview.redd.it/lmko4rpsj91d1.jpg?width=1920&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=5199074a017b6d10c63705a11e1c2f6f9be4a12d
In today's fast-paced world, where job security is no longer a certainty and traditional employment models are evolving, the quest for financial freedom has become more crucial than ever. One of the most effective ways to achieve this goal is by establishing multiple streams of passive income – sources of revenue that require minimal effort to maintain once set up. This article delves into various strategies for earning passive income online, providing actionable steps for each method.

Section 1: Understanding Passive Income

What is Passive Income?

Passive income refers to earnings generated from sources that do not require active involvement or labor once the initial effort has been put in. Unlike active income, which is earned through traditional employment or self-employment, passive income continues to flow in even when you're not actively working. This concept has gained immense popularity in recent years as more individuals seek ways to break free from the constraints of the 9-to-5 grind and achieve financial independence.

Benefits of Passive Income

The allure of passive income lies in its ability to provide a consistent revenue stream with minimal ongoing effort. Here are some of the key benefits of building passive income sources:

Financial Freedom: Passive income can supplement or even replace traditional employment income, allowing you to achieve financial independence and pursue your passions without worrying about money.
Diversification: By diversifying your income streams, you reduce your reliance on a single source of income, mitigating risks and providing a safety net in case one stream dries up.
Scalability: Many passive income strategies can be scaled up, allowing you to increase your earnings without proportionally increasing your workload.
Lifestyle Flexibility: With passive income, you can enjoy greater flexibility in your lifestyle, as you are not tied to a specific location or schedule.

Passive Income vs. Active Income

While both passive and active income contribute to your overall financial well-being, they differ in several ways:

Effort Required: Active income requires ongoing effort and labor, while passive income requires initial effort to set up but minimal ongoing work.
Time Commitment: Active income is directly tied to the time you invest in working, whereas passive income can generate revenue even when you're not actively working.
Scalability: Active income is limited by the number of hours you can work, while passive income can be scaled up more easily by leveraging systems and automation.
Risk Diversification: Passive income streams provide diversification, reducing the risk of relying solely on active income from a single source.

By combining active and passive income sources, you can create a well-rounded financial portfolio that provides stability, flexibility, and the potential for long-term wealth building.

Section 2: Popular Passive Income Strategies

There are numerous ways to generate passive income, ranging from traditional investment vehicles to modern online opportunities. Let's explore some of the most popular strategies:

Subsection 2.1: Real Estate Investments

Real estate has long been a favored passive income source for many investors. By owning rental properties, you can generate a steady stream of rental income with minimal effort once the property is acquired and tenants are in place.

Description

Real estate investments can take various forms, including:

Rental Properties: Purchasing residential or commercial properties and renting them out to tenants.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs): Investing in companies that own and operate income-producing real estate.
Crowdfunding Real Estate Platforms: Pooling funds with other investors to purchase income-generating properties.

Steps to Get Started

Getting started with real estate investments involves the following steps:

Research and Analysis: Conduct thorough market research to identify profitable investment opportunities and evaluate potential risks.
Financing: Secure financing through traditional mortgages, private lenders, or alternative financing options.
Property Management: Hire a professional property management company or handle tenant screening, maintenance, and rent collection yourself.
Ongoing Monitoring: Regularly review your investment performance and adjust your strategy as needed.

While real estate investments can be lucrative, they also require significant upfront capital and carry inherent risks, such as vacancies, property maintenance, and market fluctuations.

Subsection 2.2: Stock Market Investments

Investing in the stock market is another popular way to generate passive income. By carefully selecting dividend-paying stocks or investing in index funds, you can earn regular income from your investments.

Description

Stock market investments for passive income can take the following forms:

Dividend Stocks: Owning shares in companies that distribute a portion of their profits to shareholders in the form of dividends.
Index Funds: Investing in low-cost, diversified funds that track the performance of a specific market index, such as the S&P 500.
Mutual Funds: Professionally managed investment funds that hold a diverse portfolio of stocks, bonds, and other securities.

Steps to Get Started

To start investing in the stock market for passive income, follow these steps:

Open a Brokerage Account: Choose a reputable online brokerage platform that suits your investment needs and budget.
Research and Select Investments: Conduct thorough research on potential investments, considering factors such as dividend yield, historical performance, and risk profile.
Develop an Investment Strategy: Determine your investment goals, risk tolerance, and time horizon, and create a diversified portfolio accordingly.
Regularly Monitor and Rebalance: Periodically review your investments and rebalance your portfolio as needed to maintain your desired asset allocation.

While stock market investments offer the potential for passive income and long-term growth, they also carry market risks, and returns are not guaranteed.

Subsection 2.3: Online Businesses

The rise of the internet has opened up a world of opportunities for generating passive income through online businesses. From e-commerce to affiliate marketing, these ventures can be lucrative and scalable once established.

Description

Popular online business models for passive income include:

E-commerce: Building and operating an online store that sells physical or digital products.
Dropshipping: A retail fulfillment model where products are shipped directly from the supplier to the customer, eliminating the need for inventory management.
Affiliate Marketing: Earning commissions by promoting other companies' products or services through your website, social media, or other online platforms.

Steps to Get Started

Starting an online business for passive income involves the following steps:

Choose a Business Model: Evaluate different online business models and select one that aligns with your interests, skills, and goals.
Conduct Market Research: Identify a profitable niche, analyze the competition, and assess the demand for your products or services.
Build an Online Presence: Create a professional website, set up e-commerce platforms, and establish a strong online brand.
Implement Marketing Strategies: Utilize effective marketing techniques, such as search engine optimization (SEO), social media marketing, and email marketing, to drive traffic and sales.
Automate Processes: Leverage tools and software to automate repetitive tasks, streamlining operations and freeing up time for scaling and growth.

While online businesses offer flexibility and scalability, they require upfront effort, consistent marketing, and adaptability to changing market trends and consumer preferences.

Section 3: Digital Products and Courses

In the digital age, creating and selling digital products and online courses have become lucrative passive income streams. By leveraging your expertise and knowledge, you can create valuable resources that generate ongoing revenue with minimal ongoing effort.

Subsection 3.1: Creating and Selling E-books

E-books have emerged as a popular and accessible way to share knowledge, expertise, or creative works while earning passive income. With the rise of self-publishing platforms and the growing popularity of e-readers, the e-book market has become a viable avenue for authors and subject matter experts.

Description

E-books can cover a wide range of topics, including:

Non-Fiction: Self-help, business, personal development, and educational content.
Fiction: Novels, short stories, and creative writing across various genres.
Reference Materials: Guides, manuals, and instructional resources.

Steps to Get Started

To start earning passive income through e-book sales, follow these steps:

Choose Your Topic: Identify a niche or subject area where you have expertise or a unique perspective to offer.
Write and Edit: Craft a high-quality e-book by writing compelling content, ensuring proper formatting, and editing for clarity and accuracy.
Design and Format: Create an attractive cover design and properly format your e-book for different platforms and devices.
Self-Publish: Upload your e-book to popular self-publishing platforms like Amazon Kindle Direct Publishing, Barnes & Noble Press, or Apple Books. These platforms handle the distribution and sale of your e-book.
Market and Promote: Implement effective marketing strategies, such as social media promotion, email marketing, and leveraging influencers or book bloggers to reach your target audience.

While e-book sales may start slow, with consistent effort and effective promotion, you can build a passive income stream that continues to generate revenue over time.

Subsection 3.2: Developing Online Courses

In today's knowledge-driven economy, sharing your expertise through online courses has become a lucrative passive income opportunity. With the rise of e-learning platforms and the increasing demand for remote education, creating and selling online courses can be a rewarding venture.

Description

Online courses can cover a wide range of topics, including:

Professional Skills: Business, marketing, programming, design, and other career-related subjects.
Personal Development: Health, fitness, productivity, and self-improvement topics.
Creative Pursuits: Photography, art, music, writing, and other creative disciplines.

Steps to Get Started

To develop and sell online courses as a passive income stream, follow these steps:

Identify Your Niche: Determine the subject area where you possess valuable knowledge or expertise that others are willing to pay for.
Plan and Structure Your Course: Outline the course content, breaking it down into modules or lessons, and determine the format (videos, text, assignments, etc.).
Create Course Materials: Develop high-quality course content, including video lectures, presentations, worksheets, and other supporting materials.
Choose a Platform: Select an online course platform like Udemy, Coursera, or Skillshare to host and sell your course.
Market and Promote: Utilize effective marketing strategies, such as social media promotion, email marketing, and leveraging influencers or industry experts to reach your target audience.

While creating an online course requires upfront effort, once it's launched, you can earn passive income as students enroll and purchase your course. Additionally, you can continually update and improve your course over time to maintain its relevance and value.

Section 4: Automated Systems for Passive Income

In the digital age, leveraging automated systems and software tools has become a powerful way to generate passive income. By harnessing the power of technology, you can streamline processes, automate tasks, and create income-generating systems that operate with minimal ongoing effort.

Subsection 4.1: Utilizing Software and Tools

There are various software and tools available that can automate income-generating tasks, freeing up your time and enabling you to earn passive income more efficiently.

Description

Some examples of automated systems and tools for passive income include:

Affiliate Marketing Platforms: Software that automates the process of promoting and tracking affiliate links, enabling you to earn commissions from product or service sales.
Email Autoresponders: Tools that allow you to create and send automated email sequences, nurturing leads and promoting offers without manual intervention.
Chatbots and Virtual Assistants: Conversational AI-powered systems that can handle customer inquiries, provide product recommendations, and even facilitate sales.
Content Syndication Tools: Platforms that automatically distribute your content across multiple channels, increasing reach and generating passive income through advertising or affiliate marketing.

Steps to Get Started

To leverage automated systems and tools for passive income, follow these steps:

Identify Suitable Tools: Research and evaluate various software and tools that align with your passive income goals and strategies.
Learn and Implement: Dedicate time to learning how to effectively use the chosen tools, following tutorials, guides, and best practices.
Integrate and Automate: Set up the tools and systems to automate specific tasks or processes, creating streamlined workflows for passive income generation.
Monitor and Optimize: Regularly monitor the performance of your automated systems, gathering data and insights to optimize and improve their effectiveness over time.

While automated systems and tools require an initial investment of time and resources to set up, they can significantly amplify your passive income potential by automating repetitive tasks and enabling your income streams to operate with minimal ongoing effort.

Section 5: Case Studies and Success Stories

To illustrate the potential of passive income strategies and inspire you on your journey, let's explore some real-life case studies and success stories:

Example 1: Real Estate Investor Achieves Financial Freedom

Sarah, a former corporate employee, had always dreamed of achieving financial freedom and escaping the 9-to-5 grind. After careful planning and research, she ventured into real estate investing by purchasing her first rental property. Over the years, Sarah reinvested her profits and expanded her portfolio, eventually owning multiple rental properties across different markets.
Today, Sarah earns a substantial passive income from her real estate investments, allowing her to quit her corporate job and pursue her passions. She spends her time traveling, volunteering, and enjoying her newfound freedom while her properties generate steady rental income.

Example 2: Online Entrepreneur Builds Multiple Income Streams

John, a tech-savvy entrepreneur, recognized the power of the internet and the potential for passive income. He started by creating and selling digital products, such as e-books and online courses, leveraging his expertise in web development and design.
As his digital product sales grew, John reinvested his profits into building an e-commerce store, dropshipping products in high demand. He also ventured into affiliate marketing, promoting products and services through his website and social media channels.
Today, John enjoys a lifestyle of financial freedom, earning passive income from his diverse online ventures. He can work from anywhere in the world, while his automated systems and established income streams continue to generate revenue.
These success stories demonstrate that with dedication, strategic planning, and a willingness to embrace new opportunities, it is possible to achieve financial freedom through passive income streams.

Conclusion

In the ever-changing landscape of the modern economy, diversifying your income sources and cultivating passive income streams has become increasingly crucial for achieving financial independence and freedom. From real estate investments and stock market opportunities to online businesses, digital products, and automated systems, the strategies outlined in this article provide a comprehensive guide to unlocking the potential of passive income.
It's important to remember that building sustainable passive income streams requires initial effort, dedication, and a willingness to continuously learn and adapt. However, by taking the first step and consistently implementing the strategies that align with your goals and resources, you can gradually build a reliable foundation for passive income generation.
Embrace the power of passive income, and embark on a journey towards financial freedom. The path may not be easy, but the rewards of achieving a lifestyle free from the constraints of traditional employment are well worth the effort.

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Unlocking Passive Income Streams: Strategies for Financial Freedom in 2024
In today's fast-paced world, where job security is no longer a certainty and traditional employment models are evolving, the quest for financial freedom has become more crucial than ever. One of the most effective ways to achieve this goal is by establishing multiple streams of passive income – sources of revenue that require minimal effort to maintain once set up. This article delves into various strategies for earning passive income online, providing actionable steps for each method.

Section 1: Understanding Passive Income

What is Passive Income?

Benefits of Passive Income

The allure of passive income lies in its ability to provide a consistent revenue stream with minimal ongoing effort. Here are some of the key benefits of building passive income sources:

Financial Freedom: Passive income can supplement or even replace traditional employment income, allowing you to achieve financial independence and pursue your passions without worrying about money.
Diversification: By diversifying your income streams, you reduce your reliance on a single source of income, mitigating risks and providing a safety net in case one stream dries up.
Scalability: Many passive income strategies can be scaled up, allowing you to increase your earnings without proportionally increasing your workload.
Lifestyle Flexibility: With passive income, you can enjoy greater flexibility in your lifestyle, as you are not tied to a specific location or schedule.

Passive Income vs. Active Income

While both passive and active income contribute to your overall financial well-being, they differ in several ways:

Effort Required: Active income requires ongoing effort and labor, while passive income requires initial effort to set up but minimal ongoing work.
Time Commitment: Active income is directly tied to the time you invest in working, whereas passive income can generate revenue even when you're not actively working.
Scalability: Active income is limited by the number of hours you can work, while passive income can be scaled up more easily by leveraging systems and automation.
Risk Diversification: Passive income streams provide diversification, reducing the risk of relying solely on active income from a single source.

By combining active and passive income sources, you can create a well-rounded financial portfolio that provides stability, flexibility, and the potential for long-term wealth building.

Section 2: Popular Passive Income Strategies

There are numerous ways to generate passive income, ranging from traditional investment vehicles to modern online opportunities. Let's explore some of the most popular strategies:

Subsection 2.1: Real Estate Investments

Description

Real estate investments can take various forms, including:

Rental Properties: Purchasing residential or commercial properties and renting them out to tenants.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs): Investing in companies that own and operate income-producing real estate.
Crowdfunding Real Estate Platforms: Pooling funds with other investors to purchase income-generating properties.

Steps to Get Started

Getting started with real estate investments involves the following steps:

Research and Analysis: Conduct thorough market research to identify profitable investment opportunities and evaluate potential risks.
Financing: Secure financing through traditional mortgages, private lenders, or alternative financing options.
Property Management: Hire a professional property management company or handle tenant screening, maintenance, and rent collection yourself.
Ongoing Monitoring: Regularly review your investment performance and adjust your strategy as needed.

While real estate investments can be lucrative, they also require significant upfront capital and carry inherent risks, such as vacancies, property maintenance, and market fluctuations.

Subsection 2.2: Stock Market Investments

Description

Stock market investments for passive income can take the following forms:

Dividend Stocks: Owning shares in companies that distribute a portion of their profits to shareholders in the form of dividends.
Index Funds: Investing in low-cost, diversified funds that track the performance of a specific market index, such as the S&P 500.
Mutual Funds: Professionally managed investment funds that hold a diverse portfolio of stocks, bonds, and other securities.

Steps to Get Started

To start investing in the stock market for passive income, follow these steps:

Open a Brokerage Account: Choose a reputable online brokerage platform that suits your investment needs and budget.
Research and Select Investments: Conduct thorough research on potential investments, considering factors such as dividend yield, historical performance, and risk profile.
Develop an Investment Strategy: Determine your investment goals, risk tolerance, and time horizon, and create a diversified portfolio accordingly.
Regularly Monitor and Rebalance: Periodically review your investments and rebalance your portfolio as needed to maintain your desired asset allocation.

While stock market investments offer the potential for passive income and long-term growth, they also carry market risks, and returns are not guaranteed.

Subsection 2.3: Online Businesses

Description

Popular online business models for passive income include:

E-commerce: Building and operating an online store that sells physical or digital products.
Dropshipping: A retail fulfillment model where products are shipped directly from the supplier to the customer, eliminating the need for inventory management.
Affiliate Marketing: Earning commissions by promoting other companies' products or services through your website, social media, or other online platforms.

Steps to Get Started

Starting an online business for passive income involves the following steps:

Choose a Business Model: Evaluate different online business models and select one that aligns with your interests, skills, and goals.
Conduct Market Research: Identify a profitable niche, analyze the competition, and assess the demand for your products or services.
Build an Online Presence: Create a professional website, set up e-commerce platforms, and establish a strong online brand.
Implement Marketing Strategies: Utilize effective marketing techniques, such as search engine optimization (SEO), social media marketing, and email marketing, to drive traffic and sales.
Automate Processes: Leverage tools and software to automate repetitive tasks, streamlining operations and freeing up time for scaling and growth.

While online businesses offer flexibility and scalability, they require upfront effort, consistent marketing, and adaptability to changing market trends and consumer preferences.

Section 3: Digital Products and Courses

Subsection 3.1: Creating and Selling E-books

Description

E-books can cover a wide range of topics, including:

Non-Fiction: Self-help, business, personal development, and educational content.
Fiction: Novels, short stories, and creative writing across various genres.
Reference Materials: Guides, manuals, and instructional resources.

Steps to Get Started

To start earning passive income through e-book sales, follow these steps:

Choose Your Topic: Identify a niche or subject area where you have expertise or a unique perspective to offer.
Write and Edit: Craft a high-quality e-book by writing compelling content, ensuring proper formatting, and editing for clarity and accuracy.
Design and Format: Create an attractive cover design and properly format your e-book for different platforms and devices.
Self-Publish: Upload your e-book to popular self-publishing platforms like Amazon Kindle Direct Publishing, Barnes & Noble Press, or Apple Books. These platforms handle the distribution and sale of your e-book.
Market and Promote: Implement effective marketing strategies, such as social media promotion, email marketing, and leveraging influencers or book bloggers to reach your target audience.

While e-book sales may start slow, with consistent effort and effective promotion, you can build a passive income stream that continues to generate revenue over time.

Subsection 3.2: Developing Online Courses

Description

Online courses can cover a wide range of topics, including:

Professional Skills: Business, marketing, programming, design, and other career-related subjects.
Personal Development: Health, fitness, productivity, and self-improvement topics.
Creative Pursuits: Photography, art, music, writing, and other creative disciplines.

Steps to Get Started

To develop and sell online courses as a passive income stream, follow these steps:

Identify Your Niche: Determine the subject area where you possess valuable knowledge or expertise that others are willing to pay for.
Plan and Structure Your Course: Outline the course content, breaking it down into modules or lessons, and determine the format (videos, text, assignments, etc.).
Create Course Materials: Develop high-quality course content, including video lectures, presentations, worksheets, and other supporting materials.
Choose a Platform: Select an online course platform like Udemy, Coursera, or Skillshare to host and sell your course.
Market and Promote: Utilize effective marketing strategies, such as social media promotion, email marketing, and leveraging influencers or industry experts to reach your target audience.

Section 4: Automated Systems for Passive Income

Subsection 4.1: Utilizing Software and Tools

There are various software and tools available that can automate income-generating tasks, freeing up your time and enabling you to earn passive income more efficiently.

Description

Some examples of automated systems and tools for passive income include:

Affiliate Marketing Platforms: Software that automates the process of promoting and tracking affiliate links, enabling you to earn commissions from product or service sales.
Email Autoresponders: Tools that allow you to create and send automated email sequences, nurturing leads and promoting offers without manual intervention.
Chatbots and Virtual Assistants: Conversational AI-powered systems that can handle customer inquiries, provide product recommendations, and even facilitate sales.
Content Syndication Tools: Platforms that automatically distribute your content across multiple channels, increasing reach and generating passive income through advertising or affiliate marketing.

Steps to Get Started

To leverage automated systems and tools for passive income, follow these steps:

Identify Suitable Tools: Research and evaluate various software and tools that align with your passive income goals and strategies.
Learn and Implement: Dedicate time to learning how to effectively use the chosen tools, following tutorials, guides, and best practices.
Integrate and Automate: Set up the tools and systems to automate specific tasks or processes, creating streamlined workflows for passive income generation.
Monitor and Optimize: Regularly monitor the performance of your automated systems, gathering data and insights to optimize and improve their effectiveness over time.

Section 5: Case Studies and Success Stories

To illustrate the potential of passive income strategies and inspire you on your journey, let's explore some real-life case studies and success stories:

Example 1: Real Estate Investor Achieves Financial Freedom

Example 2: Online Entrepreneur Builds Multiple Income Streams

Conclusion

Recommendation

Lead-in

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Brief Description

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submitted by softtechhubus to u/softtechhubus [link] [comments]

2024.05.19 00:41 Powerful_Leopard_916 Planning to start the process of diagnosis, conservative treatment and eventual surgery

I’m in a pretty dark mental place at the moment which happens around this time every year as the weather gets warmer and I dread the decision of wearing shorts with my legs on display vs wearing jeans in 80+ degree weather while everyone with normal legs gets to enjoy the weather without having a panic attack about what to wear.
Right now I’m close to my max weight if about 180 lbs. I’m 33 years old and I’m finding it so incredibly hard to maintain or lose weight, and I’m feeling puffier and lumpier than I ever have and also feel that there is a growing hormonal/cortisol issue making everything worse. I’m planning to research and ask for the appropriate lab work at my annual physical in a month or so that will kick start the process of me getting an official diagnosis so I can look into getting some conservative treatments covered by insurance (MLD, compression)
I’m interested in surgery down the road but I am also considering having children in the next couple years so I feel like I’d rather wait until after I have kids to pursue surgery because I feel like pregnancy hormones will probably f*ck up my legs even more and I don’t want to waste money on surgery before having kids.
I’ve also been making changes to my diet and trying to cut out alcohol as much as possible, maintain an anti inflammatory diet and prioritize sleep. I know a holistic approach is the only way to go about managing lipedema but I’m feeling overwhelmed at the prospect of getting an official diagnosis and fighting with insurance to help cover treatments.
If anyone is in NYC and has had experience getting the proper bloodwork/labs/tests I’d appreciate any advice or lessons learned from your experiences.
Thanks all ❤️
Sharing pics of the progression of my legs over the last 15 years or so. Last pic is today lying down in bed in shorts. I really hate my legs but trying not to let it define me or my mental health.

submitted by Powerful_Leopard_916 to lipedema [link] [comments]

2024.05.19 00:35 avammni Looking for a good US sabre club for adults

Hi all,
I'm planning a 1- to 2-week getaway somewhere in the US and thought it might be fun stay near a good fencing club. Ideally I'd like a club with a good number of adult sabre fencers, open fencing, and private lessons with a decent coach.
I'm open to anywhere in the US as long as it's a safe area. Please send me your recommendations. TIA!

submitted by avammni to Fencing [link] [comments]

2024.05.19 00:17 BarraDaCuda Acceptance Chances

Hey guys, I plan to apply for USAFA this year. Here are my current grades/academic records/extracurricular stuff. (11th grade)
Classes:
IB HL Geography: 6
IB Mathematics SL: 6
IB Environmental Systems & Societies SL: 6
IB HL English Language & Literature : 5
IB Spanish SL: 6
PilotInstitute Professional Pilot Ground School (Online High school course): 98 (A+)
SAT: 1330
GPA: 3.76 unweighted
I live overseas (My family and I are Americans but my parents work overseas) at an international school that offers the full IB Diploma, I am a course candidate and am taking 5 classes. The reason I am not going for the full diploma is because I am taking a professional pilot ground school course that counts as a high school course, rather than a 6th IB class such as drama, art, or theater (none of those interest me or have anything to do with my career path). I participated and got in the varsity soccer team, competing with schools both locally and abroad in other countries (we travel internationally for some varsity events). Varsity basketball is another sport I was in this year. The other sports at my school are track and volleyball. I plan to do track which has not started yet, I did not join varsity volleyball. I have 2 letters of recommendation from my IB mathematics teacher and IB Spanish teacher. Planning to get a 3rd one in June during the summer for my congressional nomination.
Thanks!

submitted by BarraDaCuda to USAFA [link] [comments]

2024.05.18 23:41 Gravyless017 I need to move out of my parents house and start over in a new city.

I (22M) have lived in the same house in the same spot my entire life. For the majority of my life here, things have been ok up until recently.
I chose to never go to college. I made the decision to go straight to work and I’ve held a fairly stable job in a machine shop for the past 4 years. Over time I’ve learned a lot of valuable lessons in this field of work but I wouldn’t say I’ve enjoyed anything I’ve done really. The company is cheap, treats it’s workers like they mean nothing, management is bad, etc. I dread waking up every morning to show up, but it’s the only job I have where I’m “comfortable”.
Over these years, pretty much all of my friends have either forgotten about me, stopped reaching out to me, or flat out ghosted me. They’ve all made new connections in college or have a bf/gf. I don’t have these things. I can’t remember the last time I received a text message that wasn’t about work or family. Speaking of family…
My family has fallen apart. My mom and dad have been going through what I would call an “unofficial divorce” for the past year roughly. Instead of fixing and problems they have, they just do things to make each other mad. Blasting the TV at full volume, slamming doors and drawers, constantly complaining and arguing. On top of this my sibling jumps in on it and makes matters even worse. Life at home is pretty miserable and depressing.
I try to invest my time into new hobbies and activities but it’s hard to ignore the fact that there seems to be nothing good for me in my current situation.
I’ve loved the idea of moving to a new city and “starting over” in life but things are so expensive now it’s hard to entertain an idea like that or even begin to consider how to do it. In the meantime I have three (3) somewhat “big” expenses to cover:
1: Currently paying off some dental treatment 2: I have a 2 week vacation coming up at the end of the year 3: About to invest in my first motorcycle
How should I manage my situation? How should I start planning for this transition while I cover these other expenses? Is this a reasonable course of action to take? Any advice would be greatly appreciated.

submitted by Gravyless017 to Advice [link] [comments]

2024.05.18 23:35 FlowsDow Getting teaching credential just to sub!!? Want to start teaching career later in life… am I crazy? Will I get hired?? help!!!

Getting credential, subbing… and then teaching? Will this work? Please help! 🥹
Sooo, I’m currently student teaching and working towards my credential. I wanted to get my teaching credential now rather than later. (I feel like once I have kids, it’ll be hard to balance motherhood with a credential program.)
Is it unwise to get your credential, and then not even teach, but instead sub a few times a week in order to start a family / be able to spend plenty of time with my children? I ideally wouldn’t want to teach until my youngest kid was in first grade. I want about four kids, so even if I have them back-to-back, it’d be a while. (I did the math, and I’d be in my mid 40’s. I’m in my late 20’s rn.)
I figure with all the subbing experience, school districts would still want to hire me? But I dunno, it’s definitely not the traditional path… I just want to be able to start my family with my spouse and not miss out on their childhoods.
I work at an after school program where kids go immediately after the school day and wait for parents to pick them up when they’re off work. Even our teacher-parents pick up their kids late because they’re busy coaching, having meetings, or lesson planning. It breaks my heart, but I still want to teach eventually. Just not while my babies are little. We have a kinder who is dropped off at school at 7 and isn’t picked up until 5:30. That breaks my heart that both of their parents are forced to work that much to be able to support their family.
TLDR; I’m getting my teaching credential just to sub, I don’t plan on teaching until I’m in my 40’s when all my kids are older and busy at school the whole day. Will I have trouble getting hired despite all the subbing experience???

submitted by FlowsDow to careeradvice [link] [comments]

2024.05.18 23:34 FlowsDow Getting my credential… just to sub!! Want to start teaching career later in life… am I crazy?! Will I get hired??

submitted by FlowsDow to Teachers [link] [comments]

2024.05.18 23:33 FlowsDow Getting credential… to sub??? And then becoming a teacher later in life? Am I crazy? Will I get hired? HELP!!

submitted by FlowsDow to teaching [link] [comments]

2024.05.18 23:32 FlowsDow Getting credential, subbing… and then teaching? Will this work? Please help! 🥹

Sooo, I’m currently student teaching and working towards my credential. I wanted to get my teaching credential now rather than later. (I feel like once I have kids, it’ll be hard to balance motherhood with a credential program.)
Is it unwise to get your credential, and then not even teach, but instead sub a few times a week in order to start a family / be able to spend plenty of time with my children? I ideally wouldn’t want to teach until my youngest kid was in first grade. I want about four kids, so even if I have them back-to-back, it’d be a while. (I did the math, and I’d be in my mid 40’s. I’m in my late 20’s rn.)
I figure with all the subbing experience, school districts would still want to hire me? But I dunno, it’s definitely not the traditional path… I just want to be able to start my family with my spouse and not miss out on their childhoods.
I work at an after school program where kids go immediately after the school day and wait for parents to pick them up when they’re off work. Even our teacher-parents pick up their kids late because they’re busy coaching, having meetings, or lesson planning. It breaks my heart, but I still want to teach eventually. Just not while my babies are little. We have a kinder who is dropped off at school at 7 and isn’t picked up until 5:30. That breaks my heart that both of their parents are forced to work that much to be able to support their family.
TLDR; I’m getting my teaching credential just to sub, I don’t plan on teaching until I’m in my 40’s when all my kids are older and busy at school the whole day. Will I have trouble getting hired despite all the subbing experience???

submitted by FlowsDow to SubstituteTeachers [link] [comments]

2024.05.18 23:16 RemarkableMacadamia One Reason to Track Gift Certificates in YNAB... (Or YNAB to the Rescue)

I know, I know. Gift certificates are like cash, and who wants to deal with the hassle of tracking anyway?
Well, my favorite designer let's you buy $20 GCs for $10 every time you check out. They don't expire, and who wouldn't want that deal?
I've been buying from this designer steadily for several years. My plan was to collect enough GCs to get a "free" item one day, so I just let them stack up (digitally, that is.)
Until... I lost my Outlook mailbox (long story) - and with it went all my gift card codes. Unfortunately, they don't store the codes on the website in your account settings, and I didn't have a way to recover them myself.
That's okay, I know the designer has the list. So I email one of the stores for help, and they graciously listed out all my codes in a reply... then dropped the bombshell. Their POS can only apply a maximum of 4 GCs to a single order. DOH!!! My idea of a shopping spree funded only by GCs is truly crushed.
Okay, no problem... I'll just keep the email handy and use them as I go (no, I haven't learned my lesson yet.)
So the other day, there's a sale on, and I order online and dutifully enter my 4 GCs from the list in my email. They can't tell you whether the codes are valid though and they don't show on your invoice - that only happens once they physically get your item ready to ship and run it through the POS.
Well guess what? My GC codes weren't valid - apparently I redeemed those already. So they call and suggest I send them my full list so they can check them again.
Now I'm getting to the YNAB part!!
Clearly, keeping this email isn't helping me, and in the time since the GC buying frenzy and now, I've been using YNAB. So I've created a GC tracking account, entered an inflow transaction for each of the GCs (using the memo for the redemption code), and now when I redeem the gift card, I can enter the same GC number as an outflow. Voila - I can sort by the memo and know which ones have been redeemed already.
One order down... many more to go... (I told you it was a LOT of gift cards...)
So if anybody needs a reason to track gift cards in YNAB... it's when you have wayyyyyyyy too many to keep track of them on your own.

submitted by RemarkableMacadamia to ynab [link] [comments]

2024.05.18 23:10 turtleurtle808 How to tell a family you won't continue teaching their child?

This child, we'll call him C, is the only lesson i dread teaching each week. Of course, other students occasionally have behavior problems or just arent feeling it that day, but this is C every single lesson. We're doing the final lesson of the semester plan today and ive decided his lesson spot isnt worth the money, time, or brain power. How do i tell the family, nicely, that i will not be C's teacher going forward?
More info on behavior issues: hes 11, so old enough to know how he should and shouldnt act. Our 45 minute lesson is filled with him complaining, hitting the keyboard, and straight up ignoring me. I understand this is osmething his grandparents are making him do, but ive told him we night as well make the best of it.
He interupts me constantly, will only talk abt fortnite, and whines/pouts the majority of the lesson. Ive tried so many different methods out, but its impossible to make progress when he refuses to participate.
This all makes me so much more upset bc he is a FANTASTIC musician. When he does buckle down, takes time to practice, and engage in our lessons, C shows great understanding of the concepts. Hes naturally adding crescendos/decrescendos, will add rubato conciously (im able to ask why he slowed down, he says it sounded good, and when i ask him to play it normally, he does perfectly)

submitted by turtleurtle808 to pianoteachers [link] [comments]

2024.05.18 23:08 TubaTubaBoBuba Solos

Hi, I’m gonna be a senior next year in high school and my teacher told me that I’ve played one of the hardest piece that he has and that I should start looking for something to play for when I start auditioning for college next year. I was wondering if you guys had any challenging pieces for me to learn. For reference, I played the first movement of the Vaughn Williams Tuba Concerto this year; I played Morceau De Concert by Saint Saens my sophomore year; and I played introduction and dance my freshman year.
One piece that I’m considering and planning to ask my lessons teacher on Monday is the first movement of the Plau tuba concerto. Is that a good piece?

submitted by TubaTubaBoBuba to Tuba [link] [comments]

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