Test tissue anatomy

Human Anatomy & Physiology I

2011.08.03 19:13 amIstillHere Human Anatomy & Physiology I

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2021.09.10 11:44 Oppenheimer Movie

A sub for Christopher Nolan’s film “Oppenheimer” about J. Robert Oppenheimer & his involvement in developing the atomic bomb. Starring Cillian Murphy, Emily Blunt, Matt Damon, Robert Downey Jr., and Florence Pugh. Based on Kai Bird’s & Martin J. Sherwin’s Pulitzer-winning biography “American Prometheus”.
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2012.04.07 16:47 southern_linguist Vulvodynia

A place for individuals (however they identify) with vulvodynia to share stories, give and receive advice and support. This subreddit is dedicated to providing information and being a supportive space, as well as raising awareness. Please note that this subreddit is not a substitute for a proper diagnosis. If you are experiencing vulval pain, please see a doctor specialising in vulval conditions. You can find advice in the sidebar about diagnosis and treatment.
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2024.05.19 20:50 Simple_Basket_8224 Go to DOCTORS before you come here for advice

Hi all, this is a post I wish I had read. Many of you have complicated issues that doctors do not help with, and I am not directing this towards you. I am directing this towards the various posters I see asking for advice about their health issues instead of seeking out medical care first and foremost.
I had made several posts here around a month ago about having an incredibly painful clit, to the point I couldn’t work and walk. It was honestly one of the worst experiences I’ve ever been through, that may sound melodramatic but having intense pain in the most sensitive part of your body for a prolonged period of time is.. yeah. This was my primary symptom, with some occasional itching around the labia. I started googling my symptoms (my first mistake, really), and posting on here, and after reading several posts I concluded what I was most likely suffering with was either smegma buildup or a hair down there stuck under the clitoris hood. The itching made some people say maybe yeast infection, but I didn’t have the typical cottage cheese discharge, I didn’t look inflamed down there at all, the itching was very subtle, and clitoris pain isn’t necessarily a common symptom. It was also on and off for months.
A lot of people recommended I examine down there and check under the hood.. but my anatomy makes it incredibly difficult to do so since it’s very in there, it’s also hypersensitive and just thinking about that makes me want to vomit. Also I have never had issues down there before so it didn’t make sense to me it would suddenly have some sort of buildup. I attempted to but the surrounded labia was so sensitive to the touch it made me jolt in pain. It was so miserable.
Long story short the pain got so bad, I went to the doctors even though I didn’t have my insurance figured out yet. (PLANNED PARENTHOOD FOR THE WIN). I was almost sure they’d find nothing since I’ve had issues before and several times doctors never find anything. I was nearly in tears when she was examining down there because I was so terrified of the pain. Luckily she was very gentle. She swabbed me for stuff and I took STD tests. While she was gone and having the samples tested I was lying in the exam room feeling so hopeless and confident she would say they found nothing. To my surprise she walked in, and said “yup, there’s budding yeast” I was so shook because she only swabbed inside my vagina, where I didn’t even have symptoms. I nearly cried in relief lol. She gave me a prescription for fluconazole, and my symptoms completely cleared up and I felt relief and could have sex and masturbate again without pain. It took around 72 hours for them to completely clear up.. anyway.
I am making this post for anyone who may have suffered with the same issue I did and is just trying to figure it out on their own for months without medical help. PLEASE GO TO THE DOCTORS FIRST, Internet forums are incredibly helpful as a LAST resort but not as an initial step. Sometimes the internet unnecessarily complicated what is a very simple issue. That’s all!
submitted by Simple_Basket_8224 to Healthyhooha [link] [comments]


2024.05.19 20:10 Not-a-redditor1 The opposite of a rant

I don't know what the opposite of a rant is but here it goes. 37 weeks FTM.
This pregnancy is the best thing that ever happened to me and I've never been happier. We wanted this so bad, I have always wanted a big family, and after 3 years of trying (naturally) we were starting to give up hope. But our boy cam to our lives when we were least expecting it.
I had stopped tracking because it broke my heart every time I had to mark on my tracking app that I got my period. Everytime I got my period I felt like I was in a fertility doctor's office and they were telling us we couldn't have kids.
Being pregnant has not been easy. I took a pregnancy test because of how shitty I was feeling despite everything I tried, and it was the last step before going to the doctor. I had nausea for most of the day and threw up every morning for about 4 months after I found out. I only had 1 month of "second trimester bliss" before the heartburn started & the general uncomfortable feelings started. We also had to wait for NIPT results due for 2 weeks (during both our birthdays) due to inconclusive anatomy scans results, most nerve-racking 2 weeks of my life. I also got excessive belching, pregnancy gengivitis along with the regular back pain, cramping and fatigue that comes with third trimister.
All of this to say, it's not like I'm wearing rose-color glasses cause it's been easy. But... I've never felt more beautiful, more loved, more taken care of, more sexy, more feminine, more magical, more strong, more incredible than now. I am so grateful for my body for making my dreams come true. I've always had self-image issues until now. How can I critizice my body for my cellulite, or my fat ankles or my loopy arms, when I am literally able to create life? When I can grow my baby and keep him healthy?
This is the most incredible thing that has ever happened to me, until I get to hold him in my arms 💜
submitted by Not-a-redditor1 to pregnant [link] [comments]


2024.05.19 20:10 Few_Tomatillo2624 Tropical Parasite?

37f 5ft 6 110pounds For the past 2.5 years I have been extremely unwell, mostly bedbound in extreme pain. I returned from the tropics feeling very unwell, with weight loss, bloody stool and severe fatigue. I also had a swollen lymph node in my groin. I had lots of tests and they could not find a thing . I started to see what I thought was parasites in my stool. A doctor prescribed me albendazole. The day after taking it, the lymph node exploded and I started to feel extreme crawling all over my body. I have been trying to work out what was going on ever since. I’m certain I have a systemic infection but all my bloods responded negatively to antibodies. To give my full history, I have lived in a lot tropical countries over 20 years including south east Asia, south India and south and Central America. I have travelled extensively. I’ve been unwell on and off for 16 years and was never tested for infections thoroughly until 2021. Only stool tests and fbc. My symptoms are as follows: - sensations in my veins - feels like rushing / pumping - collapsed / indented veins in the head and face (diagnosed) - ongoing hematuria - extreme groin pain - extreme head pain in veins / tissues - progressive subdermal lumps on pubic area - numbness and ‘dead arms’ - puffy arms - lumpy breasts with sudden prominent veins - severe fatigue
After delving into a tonne of research it has become apparent than only 3 infections can cause systemic infection -Strongoloides, Filariasis and Schistosomiasis. Schistomiasis has been ruled out through urine and cystoscopy. Last month I spoke to a microbiologist (abroad) who I told I suspected an infection. She asked me if I was immune suppressed. I had taken immune suppressants on and off for a while, specifically before this infection got crazy. I also have chronic uti symptoms and occasional acute / severe UTIs. I’ve had to take multiple extended antibiotics in the past - last year I had to take them for 5 months. I was looking into these infections and it seems that steroids can prevent an immune response and can also impact antibody / eosinophil response. What’s more is I found a tonne of case studies where people are diagnosed with filariasis without antibodies or esoniphils. It also says on medical literature that the antibody does not rule out infection. It seems to be a very immune modulating parasite and is even capable of preventing sepsis. Im wondering if perhaps my antibodies response is not working? I cannot convince any of my doctors that I could have this disease, despite being very exposed and having classic progressive symptoms. Therefore they will not do the gold standard microfilaria testing at night. I have lived a very active lifestyle since my early 20s despite having bouts of fatigue and there is no way I’d be this sick if there wasn’t something wrong. I’ve had confirmed parasites come out before also. Doctors keeps saying my symptoms are ‘mysterious’, but will not properly test me for this infection. Does anyone have any suggestions of what I can do? Should I ask to biopsy the subdermal lumps down below ? I know in india testicular lumps are a pretty common sign of the disease. I’d be grateful for any advice. 🙏🏻
submitted by Few_Tomatillo2624 to AskDocs [link] [comments]


2024.05.19 20:03 coach_saab Biology: Chapterwise Completion Information

Disclaimer: This post is about my personal opinion, others may agree or disagree, it is for reference, one can always refer to multiple sources for same information
Writing this to help aspirants in:
Unit 1: Diversity in living world
Unit 2: Structural Organisation
Unit 3: Cell Structure and Functions
Unit 4: Plant Physiology
Unit 5: Human Physiology
Unit 6: Reprodcution
Unit 7: Genetics and Evolution
Unit 8: Biology in Human Welflare
Unit 9: Biotech
Unit 10: Ecology
Video Resources
One Shots:
Full Length:
Question solving resources
For AR and Statement Based questions, there is no better source than PYQs because book kitni hi achi ho par number of questions badhane ke liye befaltu ke illogical questions daal deti hai. Ncert based test papers like NNTS or Akash PST/CST also got quality questions.
Honourable mention, NTA Abhyas questions: If you are looking for an extra edge, then here it is, it has moderate to difficult questions, although some are out of ncert, but rest of them really make you exam ready.
Again, these were my personal opinions, there are way more knowledgeable people on this subreddit who can help you even better, so all the criticism is accepted, do let me know that in comments i am gonna update the post then.
Thanks
submitted by coach_saab to MEDICOreTARDS [link] [comments]


2024.05.19 19:28 Own-Bit2530 Keep tearing during sex and scar tissue?

A year ago I tore during sex for the first time, it was down the bottom of the opening of my vagina, i guess towards the perineum. I gave it time to heal and when i had sex again it tore again. It was a lot of healing and waiting over and over again and each time I would tear. Now I have a bunch of scar tissue down there and it looks nothing like my vagina used to look like 😔. I started pelvic floor therapy and it seems to be going well, however after giving sex a break and starting pelvic therapy I tore again where the same scar tissue is. I’m just about to give up and be a single virgin forever. I don’t think my boyfriend will stay with me much longer anyway cause this is never ending.
I’d like to add I don’t have a yeast infection and I’ve been tested for STIs. I also am young and only 20 years old.
submitted by Own-Bit2530 to Healthyhooha [link] [comments]


2024.05.19 19:10 rahulshariff Prostate Worries? Feeling the Effects of Age on Your Prostate? The Secret Weapon to Good Prostrate Health

Prostate Worries? Feeling the Effects of Age on Your Prostate? The Secret Weapon to Good Prostrate Health
Prostate Worries? Feeling the Effects of Age on Your Prostate? The Secret Weapon to Good Prostrate Health
Image Credit: Pexels
Prostrate Problems – A Comprehensive Guide for Men's Health
The prostate gland is a walnut-sized organ. The organ is the male reproductive system and helps in sexual function and urination. With age, the prostate undergoes changes that lead to various health concerns. This informative guide explores the most common prostate problems, empowering you with knowledge and promoting early detection and treatment.
Understanding the Prostate
The prostate gland is below the bladder and surrounds the urethra. A healthy prostate is essential for male fertility and urinary control.
Common Prostate Problems
Many men experience prostate problems as they age. Here's a closer look at the three most frequent issues:
  1. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
BPH, or enlarged prostate, occurs when the prostate gland grows more significant than usual. It causes several bothersome symptoms, including:
  • Frequent urination, especially at night
  • Difficulty starting urination
  • Weak urine stream
  • Urgent need to urinate
  • A feeling of incomplete bladder emptying
  • Dribbling after urination
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of BPH is unknown, but it's believed to be linked to changes in hormone levels as men age. Here are some factors that increase the risk of BPH:
  • Age: The risk increases significantly after 50.
  • Family History: Having a close relative with BPH increases your risk.
  • Lifestyle: Obesity and lack of exercise may contribute to BPH.
Diagnosis
Early diagnosis of BPH is crucial for effective management. Diagnosis typically involves:
  • Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A doctor feels the prostate for enlargement or abnormalities.
  • PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) Test: This blood test measures PSA levels, which can be elevated in BPH or prostate cancer. It's important to note that a high PSA doesn't necessarily mean cancer.
  • Uroflowmetry: The test measures the rate and volume of urine flow.
Treatment
Treatment for BPH depends on how severe the symptoms are. Here are some options:
  • Watchful Waiting: If symptoms are mild, monitoring may be sufficient.
  • Medication: Medications can relax the prostate muscles or shrink its size.
  • Minimally Invasive Procedures: These procedures use heat or steam to destroy prostate tissue.
  • Surgery: Surgery becomes necessary in severe cases to remove some prostate tissue.
  1. Prostatitis
Prostatitis occurs due to inflammation of the prostate gland. The inflammation causes discomfort with symptoms like:
  • Burning sensation during urination
  • Frequent urination, especially at night
  • Pelvic pain
  • Pain in the groin, testicles, or lower back
  • Difficulty starting or stopping urination
  • Painful ejaculation
Types of Prostatitis
There are three main types of prostatitis:
  1. Acute Bacterial Prostatitis is the least common type, causing sudden and severe symptoms. It requires immediate antibiotic treatment.
  2. Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis: This type involves recurring bacterial infections. Treatment involves long-term antibiotic therapy.
  3. Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome/Chronic Prostatitis/(CPPS/CP): This is the most common type, and the cause is often unknown. Symptoms may be constant or come and go. Treatment focuses on pain management.
Causes and Risk Factors
The causes of prostatitis vary depending on the type. Here are some potential contributing factors:
  • Bacterial infection
  • Nerve damage
  • Muscle tension in the pelvic floor
  • Unknown factors (CP/CPPS)
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of prostatitis often involves:
  • Urinalysis and urine culture to detect infection
  • Digital rectal exam
  • Prostate massage (not always performed)
Treatment
Treatment for prostatitis depends on the type. Here are common approaches:
  • Antibiotics: For bacterial prostatitis.
  • Pain medication: To manage discomfort.
  • Alpha-blockers: To relax prostate muscles and improve urine flow.
  • Lifestyle changes: Reducing stress and avoiding irritants in the diet may help.
  1. Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is common among men and is second only to skin cancer. It's generally slow-growing, and early detection is crucial for successful treatment.
Symptoms
You will often find no symptoms in the early stages. In later stages, it may cause:
  • Blood in the urine
  • Difficulty starting or stopping urination
  • Weak urine stream
  • Frequent urination, especially at night
  • Bone pain (especially in the hips, lower back, and thighs)
  • Pain during ejaculation
Risk Factors
Several factors increase the risk of prostate cancer, including:
  • Age: The risk increases significantly after 50.
  • Family history: If you have a family member with prostate cancer, it substantially increases your risk.
  • Obesity: Men with excess weight are at higher risk.
  • Diet: A diet high in red meat and processed foods may increase risk.
Early Detection
Early detection of prostate cancer ensures successful treatment. While the PSA test is commonly used, it could be more foolproof. Here are two critical methods for early detection:
  1. PSA Test: A blood test that measures prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. An elevated PSA can indicate cancer, but it can also be caused by BPH or inflammation.
  2. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A doctor feels the prostate for enlargement or abnormalities.
Diagnosis
If a PSA test or DRE raises concerns, further tests may be needed, including:
  • Biopsy: A small sample of prostate tissue gets removed and examined for cancer cells.
  • Imaging Tests: Imaging tests like MRI scans can help determine the extent of cancer if present.
Treatment
Treatment for prostate cancer will depend on different factors. The factors include the cancer's stage and aggressiveness. Some common approaches include:
  • Surgery: This may involve removing the entire prostate gland or nearby lymph nodes.
  • Radiation Therapy: High-energy radiation therapy kills cancer cells.
  • Hormone Therapy: The treatment shrinks the prostate or slows cancer growth.
  • Active Surveillance: This involves monitoring the cancer closely without immediate treatment.
Maintaining Prostate Health
While there's no guaranteed way to prevent prostate problems, some lifestyle choices may help:
  • Diet: A diet of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains helps prevent cancer. Limit red meat and processed foods.
  • Exercise: Regular physical activity improves overall health. It reduces the risk of prostate problems.
  • Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight to lower your risk of BPH and prostate cancer.
  • Stress Management: Chronic stress can worsen prostate symptoms. Yoga and meditation help manage stress.
  • Regular Checkups: Schedule regular checkups for prostate exams and discuss your risk factors.
Conclusion
Prostate problems are a common concern for men as they age. By understanding the different types, their symptoms, and risk factors, you ensure good health. Early detection and treatment help manage prostate problems effectively.
Don't hesitate to discuss any concerns with your doctor. Taking charge of your prostate health is crucial towards a healthy and fulfilling life.
Feeling Frustrated by Limited Prostate Health Solutions? What if a Targeted Probiotic Approach was Specifically Designed to Support Normal Function? Can This Daily Biotic Be Your Secret Weapon for Optimal Health? (Find Out!)
Disclaimer - "The post contains affiliate links. I may earn a commission if you purchase through these links."


submitted by rahulshariff to u/rahulshariff [link] [comments]


2024.05.19 15:20 lemonlover888 PPROM @ 22 weeks. Baby loss. My experience

4 days ago I gave birth to my baby girl at 22 weeks. There are still so many questions, including the massive “why” that are unanswered. Below is my experience.
Last year I fell pregnant and had a MMC in April (the baby stopped growing at 6 weeks, we didn't find out until our first scan at 10 weeks).
After the loss, we tried for 7 months until we fell pregnant again in Jan. We suspect it took some time because I have an 8-day luteal phase (this is considered a short luteal phase or luteal phase defect). A standard luteal phase is 12-14 days.
I did early pregnancy monitoring and every test and scan came back perfect with the exception of one blood test at 4 weeks pregnant: my TSH was slightly elevated, meaning my thyroid wasn't functioning at the level that it should. I was put on a daily dose of Levothyroxine and every blood test showed normal TSH levels after that.
Two weeks after a clean anatomy scan and one week after an OBGYN check-up, I did a 20-minute, low-impact workout for the second trimester. The workout included squats and I held an 8lb weight. It had been a few weeks since I worked out and I was feeling guilty so I did it. I paused the YT video 3 times to take long breaks (5-10 minutes). I drank plenty of water and modified certain moves as needed.
Later that night while trying to sleep, I noticed I had more discharge than usual. It was clear and wasn't too much more than I usually had so I didn't think anything of it.
The following day I already felt sore in my thighs and legs. This is normal for me. I also experienced round ligament pain. It's extremely common for round ligament pain to become more intense after a workout. It was worse than usual, but not debilitating or concerning in any way. It was all within normal ranges.
That night, so early Wednesday morning, around 3AM, I woke up because I was uncomfortable. This was normal for me at 22 weeks. I had some round ligament pain that was more annoying than anything else. As the hours passed, it got more intense and frequent. But it still just felt like round ligament pain. No blood, no mucus plug, no craps similar to a period.
At 6:30AM I propped myself up in my bed and there was a rush of liquid. I thought maybe I peed. The liquid didn’t smell like anything and even though I had just been on the toilet, I knew peeing yourself isn’t uncommon. My weak pelvic floor made peeing a regular occurrence throughout the pregnancy.
I immediately woke up my husband to get his take. I called my OB’s answering service and left a message. My husband and I decided to play it safe and get ready to head to the hospital. We thought we were being abundantly cautious. We thought we would be told I peed myself.
A little after 7:30AM, we get to the hospital. At this point, it didn’t click that something was very wrong, I don’t think my brain was allowing me to think that. I was having intense pain that was making me contort every few minutes. Once I got into the ER, I could no longer stand. I was wheeled back to L&D immediately.
In the L&D intake room, I asked to use the bathroom to pee. My husband went with me, but once I was there I couldn’t pee, I then felt like I had to poop. Seconds later, my daughter was born into the toilet. We had only been at the hospital for 5-10 minutes. My husband opened the door and yelled for help while holding me up so baby wasn’t in the water. She was moving.
They rushed our baby to the NICU doctors and after 5 or 10 minutes, the NICU doctor came over to explain there wasn’t anything else that could be done. We held her as she passed.
We only have the autopsy results left, which will take a month to receive. All other blood tests, urine tests, placenta biopsy, etc has come back clean.
I am convinced the workout I did Monday night tipped the first domino. Without that, I may still be pregnant with our baby.
Given how old I am (34 in less than 2 months) and that we want 3-4 kids, we want to start trying again immediately. One doctor recommended we wait 3-4 months, but I don’t want to. Is 3-4 months a standard wait time after a 22-week loss?
During the wait, they will do a saline sonogram to confirm there are no anomalies in my uterus that could have caused this. The doc is convinced this will come back clean and treatment for the next pregnancy will be progesterone supplementation and a cervical cerclage. She thought my weak pelvic floor could be a potential contributing factor.
If you read this in its entirety, I appreciate you. I hope people can relate and feel less alone. Maybe people can learn from my experience. There are some details I left out so if you have questions, don't hesitate. Much love to you all.
submitted by lemonlover888 to babyloss [link] [comments]


2024.05.19 13:21 Federal_Machine692 I work as a security guard in a secret government facility, and this is what happened (Part 1)

Buster growled softly, baring his teeth at me as he stood in defiance. His stance rigid and unyielding, his tail stiff, and ears pinned back - he watched my every move with alert eyes.
My 3-year-old German shepherd had intuitively figured out the prospect of an upcoming bath when he saw me reach for the towel, and decided to give me a hard time over it.
“I know buddy. I am not happy about it either. But I will make it quick. I promise,” I tried to reason, holding up both hands to reassure him.
‘But it’s not even been a week…’ I could almost imagine him saying those exact words to me when he growled back in protest.
“You’re right...But listen, man. You’re dirty. I can feel your presence from here,” I said, standing ten feet away and pretending to cover my nostrils with my finger.
Buster, of course, didn’t care and continued to defy without hesitation.
I put my hands on my hip and sighed. My glance immediately shifted to a hose attached to a tap outside my quarters.
“Tell you what. I’ll make it worth your while. You don’t mind the jet spray, right? In fact, you even tolerate it sometimes,” I said, pointing to the hose located only a few feet away.
“How about a little cooperation now, and I’ll make you your favorite meal a little later?” I asked him, while reaching out to pick a can of chicken liver from the kitchen.
As I dangled the can in my hand, I could see it slowly chipping away at his resolve, his mind grappling with the pros and cons of my new proposal.
A moment later, Buster barked at me twice and slowly made his way out of the house. He sat by the garden tap, ready to receive his bath.
I took a handful of lotion and began to rub it against his torso to remove all the muck and grime that was sticking to his body. We had been quite busy lately, guarding the base and conducting multiple patrols along the perimeter every day. The rain a few hours ago certainly didn't help matters, with Buster leaping over puddles of water and actively rolling in the mud to escape the desert heat. I had to use a brush to remove the layers of dirt that had caked all over his body.
It’s been a strange week, to say the least. The days were busy but peaceful, while the nights brought scattered, random sounds. Their origins were a mystery, as they appeared not to originate from the base. But I wasn’t too worried about it, not yet anyway.
There is an air base located a couple of hours away from the facility, and it wasn’t unusual for them to conduct sorties at odd hours in the night. I assumed they were probably testing out some new technology.
My colleague Joe thought the same thing as well. But we couldn’t take any chances, and we both had a job to do. So we conducted regular patrols around the base just as a precautionary measure.
But deep down, I felt something nagging at me, like I was being watched by someone or something. I couldn’t exactly put it into words.
For a second, I wondered if Buster too felt the same way when I saw him suddenly lift his head up, listening intently with his ears up in attention.
I quickly turned back to check if there was anybody standing behind me, but I found no one. When I turned around to face him again, I saw him looking up at the night sky, his gaze focused and unwavering.
“What’s it buddy? You see something?” I asked him as I cleared away the foam from his face. Moments went by slowly. And then, just like that, as if nothing had happened, he put his head down and began pawing my leg, urging me to finish his bath. I sighed again and turned on the hose, to wash off all the soap.
He finally looked presentable and I have to admit, his coat glistened beautifully under the moonlight.
Before I could reach for his towel, Buster swiftly moved in to close the gap between us and looked me in the eye dead serious. He then shook his body vigorously, much like a wet dog trying to rid itself of wetness, and trotted off without bothering to look back.
I laughed out loud as I sat there, drenched in water. I knew I should have seen that coming. However, my smile quickly faded, as it also reminded me of Jessica, my ailing wife.
Before another thought could take shape in my mind, I heard a familiar voice blare across the radio.
“Mike, I need you down here. Get to the post quick.”
It was my colleague Joe and I replied back in the affirmative. I quickly grabbed my gear and signaled Buster to follow after me.
When I reached the post, I saw Joe standing there armed with his rifle. As a seasoned war veteran with two tours under his belt, Joe was a dangerous man and not to be trifled with. But he was also compassionate and wise beyond his years.
“What’s up Joe?” I inquired, as I approached him near the entrance of the base.
“I am not sure yet. I thought I heard something at a distance. It could well be nothing.” he replied, after a brief pause.
‘Well, we’ve had a lot of that going around all week’, I thought to myself.
He then turned around to look at me. “I want you to run a perimeter sweep first. Then go on patrol again. Take Buster with you” he said, before heading back to his post.
I started the jeep and drove out towards the perimeter. The engine hummed softly as I navigated the rough terrain, with Buster sitting alertly beside me. After finding nothing suspicious during my initial sweep, I decided to broaden my search radius.
A mile into the drive, Buster suddenly started barking, prompting me to stop the jeep immediately. He leaped onto the ground and dashed towards a boulder located a short distance away. I picked up my rifle and cautiously followed after him.
When I reached the spot, I keyed the mic attached to my shirt and said, "Boss, you need to come see this."
I knew he wasn’t going to be happy about leaving the guard post unmanned, but I thought he would prefer to come and inspect this himself.
Joe arrived ten minutes later, parking his vehicle next to mine. He walked towards the boulder overlooking a small pond, and switched on his torch to get a better look at the skeletal remains of an animal dumped nearby. Three other animal remains lay next to it, all appearing to be in a similar condition.
“These look like coyotes, probably stopping by to drink water from the pond before they were killed,” he observed, his voice expressing concern. “Did you find them like this?”
“Yes”, I replied. “And they weren’t here when I drove through the same place this morning. I thought it was quite odd to be honest, to find four of them out here all at once in the middle of the desert, that too at this hour.”
Joe simply nodded in agreement.
“What sort of creature do you think did this Joe?”
“I mean it must have a ravenous appetite to chew every sinew of flesh from the bone, and lick it this clean.” I said, leaning in take another look.
“Do you think it could be the Chupacabra or something similar?” I continued, knowing fully well my question was a bit far-fetched, but I had to still get it off my chest.
Joe finally stood up, switched off his torch, and looked around the vast open desert in quiet contemplation.
“This is in fact the fifth sighting in less than a week, Mike, and all have occurred in close proximity to secure government installations. The one before this was even stranger, and happened near a military base, where an old buddy of mine continues to serve.”
“He told me in that instance, the remains belonged to a dog. There were no signs of flesh or connecting tissue from the nasal region to the abdominal section, while the region spanning from the abdominal cavity to the tail bone was left fully intact. The whole thing was carried out with surgical precision, and drew morbid praise from even the medic back at the base.”
"But how is that even possible? What are you suggesting, Joe?" I asked, surprised by the tone of my own voice and my inability to hide my disappointment upon hearing about it for the first time.
“This is not a hunt for prey, Mike. This is a hunt for attention. Somebody is trying to make a point. And I’d say they are accomplishing their objective.” Joe said.
submitted by Federal_Machine692 to nosleep [link] [comments]


2024.05.19 12:35 Individual-Tank2022 Gentle reminder of all the items you can take into you exam centre:

Including: Earplugs, Pillow, Cough drops, Lip balm, Ice pack, Tissue…
https://www.prometric.com/test-owners/resources/testing-accommodations-pre-approved-items
submitted by Individual-Tank2022 to CFA [link] [comments]


2024.05.19 11:46 PEPSIPANDORALUNA BOTCHED FILLERS & HYALURONIDASE DAMAGE

It has taken me more than 8 years to finally feel comfortable and confident to post a review about Gavin Chan. In 2015 I went to the Victorian Cosmetic Institute & was talked into having 4mls of filler injected into my cheeks & nasolabial folds to lift my cheeks by self appointed “cosmetic medicine specialist” Dr Somaiye Kadivar. I was told that the filler was temporary & would last anywhere between 12-18 months.
Once the procedure was over I looked in the mirror & noticed one cheek was higher while the other cheek was lower & further out from my nose. My nasolabial folds were arched, crooked, unnatural & everytime I smiled my cheeks would pop out like golf balls. I hated the results because the filler added volume instead of a lift like I was led to believe.
Just the thought of what I would have looked like if I had gone ahead with the 12 month "alternative treatment plan" devised by the “cosmetic medicine specialist" Dr Somaiye Kadivar who recommended 12mls of filler costing me over $9,000 and 60 units of Botox every 3 months for $720 per treatment gives me nightmares.
Soon after I contacted the owner of the Victorian Cosmetic Institute Gavin Chan and complained about the botched filler. He assured me it was easily & instantly reversible by injecting Hyaluronidase which is used off label to dissolve fillers. After several attempts over the coming days & weeks it was quite obvious that the filler was still present.
On one occasion Gavin Chan dissolved my tear troughs via the cheeks yet I never had filler in my tear troughs to begin with. On another occasion while injecting Hyaluronidase he also started to inject filler into my temple without prior warning. When I asked him why he was injecting my temple he told me he was compensating me for my troubles yet never mentioned that the temple is a danger zone & a risky area to inject.
In total I had 6mls of filler injected into my face within 19 days, yet on the Victorian Cosmetic Institute's website it states that 1ml of filler is enough for the entire face. On each occasion Gavin Chan never informed me of the risks, dangers & complications associated with Hyaluronidase & never gave me a consent form to read and sign.
A few years later I had a consultation with Professor Mark Ashton who is an expert in filler complications & he told me that if the filler hadn't dissolved by now then it was permanent. He gave me a referral for an MRI of the head which detects the exact amount of filler & the exact location of the filler. The MRI report stated that I still had upto 4mls of filler in my face even after all the dissolving sessions from many years ago.
On Dec 3rd 2018 I showed Gavin Chan my MRI results who had no idea at the time that MRI scans can detect fillers. His recommendation was more dissolving but in a larger dose so he flooded my face with Hyaluronidase yet never recorded the amount in my clinical notes. When I went back for a follow up consultation on Dec 10th 2018 he contacted radiologist Mobin Master in my presence who also appeared not to be aware at the time that MRI’s can detect filler but suggested I get another MRI anyway.
Not long after, Gavin Chan contacted me via email thanking me for bringing the MRI information to his attention instead of thanking Professor Mark Ashton who he had previously corresponded with via email regarding my MRI results. For some unknown reason it did not occur to Gavin Chan that Professor Mark Ashton deserved all the credit for having known all along that MRI’s can detect dermal filler.
Instead Gavin Chan chose to capitalise on this information by making a YouTube video claiming he had made this discovery after doing quite a few MRI's (not sure how this is possible as he is not a radiologist). He also stated in his email that he wanted to inject a very high dose of Hyaluronidase to try and dissolve the filler again for the 5th time.
In the meantime I noticed that my facial structure had collapsed, I developed deep hollows under my eyes, my cheeks caved in, my marionette lines were deep, long & dragged down. The corners of my lips sunk into my mouth & my skin was extremely loose, saggy & stretchy all the way down to my neck.
Hyaluronidase did not dissolve my fillers but instead permanently dissolved my connective tissue as it can't distinguish between the skin's own HA & the HA in dermal fillers. Hyaluronidase has aged my facial features by 10 years & only a full facelift & necklift can fix this.
In 2019 & 2020 I took Gavin Chan to VCAT, a small claims court requesting a refund & a corrective advertising order because his website falsely advertised that the temporary fillers they use last anywhere between 12-18 months. Gavin Chan was granted lawyers on the grounds that his business reputation was at stake while I had to represent myself.
I cross examined him with over 90 questions & I presented over 100 pages of supporting evidence & documentation while he only had photos & amended clinical notes. Mobin Master was also present in court supporting Gavin Chan. The hearing was held over 2 days & my claims were eventually dismissed by the judge.
Gavin Chan who “specialises” in cosmetic procedures got away with not providing a patch test for Hyaluronidase and not providing a consent form for Hyaluronidase on each occasion amongst other things.
Mobin Master who began posting the first MRI images on his Instagram account 1 week after the first VCAT hearing in Nov 2019 now identifies as an “aesthetic radiologist” and a “world pioneer” in filler longevity.
Gavin Chan, the self appointed “doctor trainer” for various dermal fillers and anti-wrinkle injections and “cosmetic surgeon” as he once claimed to be isn’t even a GP, he is just a medical practitioner with no other formal training. His only qualification is a Bachelor of Medicine/Bachelor of Surgery with a “background in intensive care, anaesthesia and emergency medicine.
Gavin Chan who medically reviews his own articles has provided cosmetic procedures such as anti-wrinkle injections, dermal fillers, liposuction, facial fat transfers, skin needling and laser treatments since 2004 and has held advanced one-on-one injector training workshops for dermal fillers yet has no certificates or credentials listed on his Victorian Cosmetic Institute’s website.
In my opinion Gavin Chan has a special interest in portraying himself as the master of cosmetic injectables in an unregulated industry. He is an injectable junkie, obsessed with the syringe & makes no apologies for ruining my life. I hold Gavin Chan responsible for destroying my looks and my life.
In late 2023 I was threatened on 2 occasions with legal action for posting Google reviews on Gavin Chan. His lawyers instructed me to remove each review within 7 days otherwise I would be sued for defamation in the Federal Court of Australia. I wasn't even given a chance to respond to each email when my reviews were both taken down.
I have no doubt in my mind that Gavin Chan was behind the removal of my reviews. In my opinion, Gavin Chan pays a lot of money to have my reviews removed as he doesn't want anyone finding out about me and the truth about him.
I challenge Gavin Chan to explain to the general public, his patients and to his social media followers what he actually means by "background in intensive care, anaesthesia, and emergency medicine" as well as publicly display all his credentials on social media (qualifications, certificates and training) in anaesthesia, liposuction & cosmetic procedures such as cosmetic iniectables & laser treatments.
Update: In early 2024 I received further threats from Gavin Chan's lawyers for posting this Reddit review and a RealSelf review regarding my personal experience and results. “Articles medically reviewed by Dr Gavin Chan" & " Dr Gavin Chan has a background in intensive care, anaesthesia, and emergency medicine" have since been quietly removed from the Victorian Cosmetic Institute website.
If you are a cosmetic injectable victim or want to be well informed regarding what can go wrong please join BOTCHED FILLERS & HYALURONIDASE DAMAGE SUPPORT GROUP on FB.
submitted by PEPSIPANDORALUNA to u/PEPSIPANDORALUNA [link] [comments]


2024.05.19 10:58 jenajiejing The Secret of Human Bodies – Examples Proving the Existence of the Greatest Creator

Xue Feng Though the modern medicine has limited knowledge of human bodies, what we have known is enough for us to admire the excellent human body structure and functions. Each system and organ in the human body is designed by the Greatest Creator. Even those trivial body parts have great functions. For example, there are several types of hairs on human bodies with distinct forms and functions. The head hair is designed to protect and beautify the head. It can grow long. According to the Bible, “But if a woman has long hair, it is a glory to her: for her hair is given her for a covering.” The eyebrows can divert sweat and rain, preventing them into the eyes. That’s why they are lined above the two eyes. Eyelashes can prevent the dust and other things from entering the eyes. That’s why they are lined on the sides of the eyelids. Also they stand forward in a special curve because it wouldn’t hinder the eyesight or pierce into the eyes when closing the eyes. If the eyebrows and eyelashes are too long, they will hinder the eyesight. That’s why they wouldn’t grow as long as the hair or beards. The nasal hairs can filter the inhaled air. That’s why they grow inside the nostril and stand sideways and outwards. If they stand inwards, the other things will find it easy to come into the nostrils and difficult to go out. The armpit hairs can prevent the partial friction and help the sweat evaporate. Without the armpit hairs, we have to raise our arms. Otherwise the skin under the arm will become inflamed because of the friction and moist. Required by the function, the armpit hairs cannot grow as long as the head hairs, or as short as the eyebrows. Besides, they are soft and curving. If they are rigid and coarse, they will hurt the skin. And cilia grow on the intestinal epithelium. The cilia grow downward and vibrate together. The vibrating waves move downward from upward to help move down the intestinal contents. Cilia also grow on the airway and bronchus epithelium. However, they grow and vibrate in the opposite direction as those on the intestinal epithelium. Only in this way can they move the sputum upward to the throat and spit them. If they grow downward, the airway and bronchus would get stuck by the sputum and the humans would die from it. Now I wish to take two simple reflections of human bodies as an example. When foreign matters enter the nostrils or airways, they will arouse two protective reflections, sneeze or cough, which is designed to repel the foreign matters. But due to different situation, these two reflections differ in their approaches. The foreign matters in the nostrils are not urgent so the sneeze reflection can be prepared in a composed way. First, inhale slowly; open the mouth, and the soft place move upward to block the nostril. Then breathe in enough air through the mouth, and the pleural body contracts sharply to emit the air in the lungs quickly. When the emitting reaches its peak, the tongue rises abruptly to block the mouth to repel the air to go out swiftly through the nostrils. In this way the foreign matters in the nostrils are driven out. However, if the foreign matters enter the airway, it is an emergent situation. If the foreign matters are not driven out timely, the life will be put at risk. The inhaling is strictly forbidden because it will make the foreign matters go deeper and cause suffocation. So the cough doesn’t include the inhaling. Instead, the glottis closes immediately. At the same time, the pleural body contracts suddenly and adds the lung air pressure extremely. When the pressure is at its strongest point, the glottis opens suddenly and the lung air sends out explosively, compelling the foreign matters in the airway to the throat via the glottis. At this time, the soft place rises to block the nostrils. The foreign matters are spit out through the mouth. If the tongue and the soft place perform the same way as in the sneeze, the foreign matters emitted out of the airway will enter the nostrils, causing another trouble. In these two reflections, the body parts must cooperate closely. Any failure in the coordination will lead to the failure of the reflection, causing serious consequences. So these activities are not done freely. Instead, they are done as required by their functions and set procedures. These procedures are not learnt or practices. The program has been rooted in our brain nerve structure (nerve nucleus) when we are born. Otherwise, the babies will not survive. The advanced computer science has made it possible to simulate these activities. However, the simulation requires 3 conditions: 1. Device simulating the inhale and exhaling of human mouth, nose, throat, pleural and the sensing device; 2. The central control equipment simulating nerves and body system (compute, input and output devices). The above two devices are hardware. And software is also needed, namely (3). A program composed in strict compliance with the requirements to control the performance and procedure of each link, and arrange them in perfect coordination. All the three conditions are imperative. Otherwise the reflections can’t be realized. The program itself is not a substance structure. Instead, it is a smart use and spiritual result. There will be no such a thing as the program without the smart use. So we have to ask, the program is composed by the humans and stored in the computer, how about the control program in the human brain. Is it also composed by someone and stored in the human brain? Sneeze and cough are the simplest examples. There are numerous automatically controlled physical, bio-chemical and pathological human body activities, which are even more sophisticated than reflections of cough. Even today, some of them remain mysteries to us. So how are these sophisticated control programs composed? And where do they come from? Now let’s have a look at the sensory organs on human bodies. Why do we have two ears? The reason is that one ear is not able to identify the direction. With the ears lying on two sides of the head, the sound reaches the ears in sequence of time. Based on the slight receiving time difference, the brain can judge where the sound comes from. The auricle is the most outward component of the ear. It can introduce the sound into the external auditory canal. Within the auricle there is a thin layer of cartilage helping to retain the form of auricle, giving it wonderful elasticity and protecting it from the clashes. Without the cartilage, the auricle is just two useless pieces of skin hanging on the head side. If the thin bone is inside the auricle, it will break easily even if when you are sleeping on your side, damaging the auricle. There is fuzz on the outer segment of the external auditory canal preventing the sand and dust. The inner segment secretes cerumen to prevent insects. When foreign matters enter the external auditory canal, it will trigger head shaking, instead of sneeze or cough, to get the matters out. Because the external auditory canal is a blind passage, it is impossible to repel the foreign matters with air. Why don’t the foreign matters in the nostrils arouse the head-shaking reflection to repel them? That’s because the nostrils of humans almost lie in the middle of the head. The shaking is not able to produce enough centrifugal force. Besides, the human nostrils face downward and it is improper to repel the foreign matters by shaking the head. The sound is produced by the mechanical vibration of objects and is transmitted by the air fluctuation, or the sound waves. The human ears are actually working like a precise mechanical vibration monitor. In the inner ear there are a number of keyboards with different sizes, producing nerve impulses produced by echoing with corresponding frequencies. The brain, in accordance with the features of these impulses, identifies the strength, tunes and timbre of the sounds. We must note though there are many sensory organs in human bodies, only the inner ear is protected by the most solid and firm bones. In fact, it lies in the cave part of the temporal bone. Of all the sensory organs, only the ears monitor the mechanical vibration, which needs a relatively fixed position. Otherwise, it is not able to monitor the sound. If the inner ear lies in the soft tissues, when the sound wave arrives, the inner ear will vibrate with it. Thus it can hear nothing. Now the inner ear lies in the firm bone and it can’t sense the air vibration. So it is imperative to reduce the density waves to the mechanical vibrations before sending them to the inner ear. And there is such a reduction device at the middle bottom of the external auditory canal, which is called the eardrum. The eardrum has enough space to receive the air pressure. It is thin enough to vibrate when the sound wave arrives. Meanwhile, the eardrum is strong enough to push the transmission device. The long handle of the middle ear cartilage is attached to its inner side, the tensile force of which makes the eardrum sink inside slightly to maintain certain tension. This allows the eardrum to accurately reduce the arriving sound waves into the mechanical vibrations. No matter what the temperature is, the vibration function is not impacted. After the sound waves are reduced into the mechanical vibration, some rigid objects are needed to transmit the vibration to the inner ear. Of all body tissues, the most rigid objects are the bones. However, the bones are heavy in general and covered by the soft tissues, which are not suitable for the audio vibration. However, in the tympanic cavity between the eardrum and the inner ear, there are three unique tiny bones with delicate forms measured in millimeters. They are almost completely exposed to the air in the tympanic cavity. These three tiny bones are connected by ligament and form a transmission chain in curve with excellent audio vibration function, able to transmit accurately the vibration of the eardrum to the inner ear. The transmission device can properly multiply the weak vibration and reduce the strong sound wave. All of these structures are the super designs required by the acoustics. There are even smarter designs in the hearing organ. For example, to make the eardrum vibrate freely following the arriving sound waves, the two sides of the eardrums must be exposed to the air. As a result, there is a tympanic cavity full of air in the middle ear. If the cavity is filled by liquids, just as other cavities are, the eardrum is not able to vibrate because the liquids can’t contract. Besides, the cavity does not only need to be filled with air, but also needs to be connected to the outside world with a proper passage, to balance the static air pressure in the cavity with the outside air pressure. Otherwise, the air in the cavity will gradually be absorbed, causing the eardrum to sink excessively or damaging it. When the outside air pressure changes, (such as in mountain climbing, diving, the airplane takeoff or climate change), it will arouse uncomfortable feelings or lead to hearing malfunction. But the middle ear can’t be opened to the outside world directly, just like the external auditory canal or nostrils can. The reason is that the direct exposure will make the arriving waving sound reach the two sides of the eardrums at the same time via the external auditory canal and middle ear passage, counteracting the sound pressure. Thus the eardrums will not vibrate at all, unable to produce the hearing. So it is a difficult problem to connect the middle ear and the outside world. However, the human body, with a smart design, solves this problem. The middle ear is opened at the two sides in the upper rear of the pharynx via a half-opened passage (the so-called auditory tube). The auditory tube is locked in common times and only opened temporarily when taking the swallowing actions, balancing the air pressure in the middle ear shortly. After the swallowing action is over, the auditory tube is locked again. Apart from eating, human body would regularly take swallowing action unconsciously, even when he or she is sleeping. Thus the air pressure in the middle ear can be adjusted from time to time and avoid the hearing from being hindered. Besides, when swallowing, the swallowing segment and the soft palate will definitely rise, blocking the mouth and nostrils against the outside world. So on the moment when the ear and throat are opened shortly, though the air in the throat can enter the middle ear, the sound waves from the outside world are blocked against the middle ear. As a result, the hearing will not be interfered and can receive the outside sound and voice. Only the throat in the body can meet the special demand of the hearing organs. The throat is originally designed as part of the digestion and breathing system, it does not belong to sensory system. However, it can cooperate so smartly with the hearing organs. We have to admire the extremely delicate body-wise design. The vestibule in the inner ear controls the balance of the body. In the vestibule there are 3 semicircular canals. When the body loses balance, the mutually-vertical semicircular canals produce the balance impulse, which triggers the corresponding reflection via the balance center in the medulla brain. Why are there 3 semicircular canals instead of 2 or 4? And why are they mutually vertical? The reason is apparent. Humans live in the 3-dimensional space. There are 3 mutually-vertical movement directions, namely, front and rear, left and right, upward and downward. So the 3 mutually-vertical semicircular canals can monitor the movements. The number less than 3 or more than 3 would be insufficient or redundant. We can see the delicate and smart structure and function, and the supreme wisdom in them. They can’t be the accidental results. As the most important perception of human bodies, vision provides more information than that provided by all other perceptions. The vision is the perception of image and space and the visual organs must have the most precise and accurate structure completely different from other sensory organs. As a result, in the perspective of the embryo-genesis or neuro-anatomy, the main structure of the eyes is not just the common receptor. Instead, it is part of the cerebral cortex. The so-called optic nerves are completely different from other cerebrospinal nerves. In essence, the optic nerves are inner structure in the brain, transmitting the most sophisticated visual information. The eyes function like a precise camera. The retina composed of the photoreceptor cells is just like the films. The crystal, iris and the cornea works like the lens, diaphragm and the filter. However, the precision and automatic adjustment of the eyes is no match of any high-quality cameras. For example, the lens in modern cameras is made of special glass or hard plastics with fixed focal distance. When taking pictures for the landscapes with different distances, the lens position must be adjusted. Otherwise, the image will not be produced on the films. But this is an awkward approach. Imagine when the eyes are watching landscapes with different distances, the eyeballs have to protrude or recess alternatively, which looks ugly or damages the health and function of the eyes. However, the crystal in the eyes are transparent and elastic colloid, which can adjust automatically the focal distance in accordance with the distance of the objects to make sure all the objects can be imaged on the retina, without changing the position of the crystal. Such automatic adjustment function can’t be fulfilled by any camera. If we observe the eyes in the perspective of modern TV technologies, the eyes are more like the television camera, but thousands of times more precise than the television cameras. The TV image is composed of dense pixels (the mixed dark or brilliant light spots). Till now, the best TV image only contains less than 1 million pixels. However, the human eyes can produce image containing 20 billion pixels. Only the eyes can see the details of objects. No matter how clear or accurate the image is, it is still a plan view image. Then how the eyes can provide the dimensional image is a key issue of providing the complete vision. But it is not an easy task at all to convert the flat view image into the dimensional one. For a long time, people have been puzzled by how the conversion is done. Of course, we later knew the smartness and delicacy of the human body shown here. The two eyes send the flat view images they receive into the same nerve center, which contrasts and analyzes the images and judges the distance of the objects based on the slight visual angle difference caused by the position difference of the two eyes. Thus the dimensional image is produced. That’s why people have to have 2 eyes to establish the complete vision. Based on such understanding, humans have invented the dimensional movies. But the above is only the external process of how vision is formed. People have little knowledge about how the visual center works inside. We have to admit that the mysteries of human body structure and functions are beyond the intelligence of mankind. As a matter of fact, the distance judgment with two eyes is the triangulation technique which is precise and automatic. The accurate measurement needs two premises. First, the two eyes must focus on one object at the same time. Otherwise, there will be double vision, which means the one objects will be seen as two objects. As a result, the complete neuromuscular system is equipped on the outside of the eyeballs, making the eyeballs the most flexible and accurate organs. The ciliary muscle inside the eyeballs can adjust the conversion rate of the crystal at any time to focus on the object and form the clearest image. Second, the retina of the two eyes must be strictly symmetrical. Otherwise, the image contrast of the two eyes will become impossible. Furthermore, the images received by the two eyes must be transmitted at the same time to the same visual center for contrast and analysis. There are two visual nerves on the left and right side of the brain, supervising respectively the two sides of the vision field. The objects in the left of the vision field are reflected, via the eye pupil, on the retina of the right sides of the two eyeballs. The corresponding images in the two eyes, via the visual nerve, are sent to the visual center on the right side of the brain. The objects in the right of the vision field are reflected, via the eye pupil, on the retina of the left sides of the two eyeballs. The corresponding images in the two eyes, via the visual nerve, are sent to the visual center on the left side of the brain. The two visual nerves contrast the corresponding images coming from the eyes and produce the full-field dimensional images. The pairs of human parts are often symmetrical on the outside. Only the retinas are symmetrical in the same position. Namely, the left side is symmetrical to the left side and the right side symmetrical to the right side of the two retinas. That’s because the light rays come in directly. Otherwise, the visual centers can’t receive the corresponding images or get the coordinated vision. The structural symmetry of the retinas in the two eyes must be accurate to the utmost. Otherwise the images in the two eyes will not comply with each other and the ambiguity will occur. Besides, the corresponding images from the two eyes must be sent to the same visual center. Thus the optic nerves must have the corresponding special structure to realize the cross-transmission of the images. This is the unique “chiasma opticum” unique to the optic nerves. This function is not possessed by any other nervus cerebrospinalis because they don’t handle the information of images and space. If we use the computers and monitoring cameras to simulate the process of human vision, the input network of the computers has to have a similar chiasm. No other design can do it. Judging from the above, we can find all the human organs, structures and functions have shown the supreme wisdom. And these are the ways they should be. Some people think that human body has some useless organs, such as the thymus gland, appendix, tonsil and coccyx, in order to prove the human structure is imperfect. Some people used to believe that these organs were not that useful. Instead, they tend to arouse diseases such as appendicitis and tonsillitis. If these organs are cut off, it will not have much impact on the human body. In the past, people used to classify spleens and other organs into the useless organs. There was a list of useless organs in the past which included over 100 organs. But the list was long not because these organs are useless but because people at the time were ignorant. As more we know about the organs, most of them have been deleted from the list and there are only a few still remain in the list. Some people think that these organs are the leftovers of human evolution, which are called the “waste back organs” and use them as one of the evidences of evolution theory. This is a complete misunderstanding. Till not we have understood there are no such things as the “obsolescent organs”. It is simply the lack of knowledge of these organs. Take the thymus gland as an example. In the past, people didn’t know its function. Now we have understood it is the warning device of the human body against the inner and outer infection sources. As a result, the thymus gland contributes a lot to the human health. Another example, if the coccyx fractures, it will cause serious functional disturbance. So the coccyx is also an imperative part of human body. Some people might say these organs can trigger diseases. Then all human organs can lead to diseases, even brain and heart are of no exceptions. Why don’t we say the brain and heart are useless? Some organs, though they are not as important as the heart and brain and wouldn’t endanger life immediately when eliminated, are also useful. Just like if the hands or feet are lost, though not fatal, the human body is handicapped. After knowing the supreme and smart design of human structures and functions, you might want to know how they come into being. Who has designed and made such sophisticated and precise organs? We cannot avoid the question. Any truth-seeking person would admit that the extremely delicate organs and structures are not produced naturally or accidently. For instance, if someone gives you a top-class camera and tells you it is a natural one without designer or manufacturer; do you think his words are scientific and acceptable? The human body, which is even more delicate, accurate, flexible and practical, must have a supremely wise and capable creator behind it. On a spring Sunday morning in 1954, I saw a young stranger sitting in the chamber of a Church. When we started to talk, I knew that he was a student at Peking Union Medical College. He said to me, “Since I studied anatomy and physiology, I have felt the human body is really a wonder. It is not possible to understand it unless we interpret the wonder with a God.” He came to the church to seek an answer. The wonder of this young man is not the only example. I remember that when I was studying anatomy and physiology in school, some students surrounded our physiology teacher and kept asking him questions. Finally, the teacher, annoyed by so many questions, told us, “Please stop the questions because they will lead to religion in the end.” Because of the special political background at the time, the teacher’s warning silenced all the students. But his warning impressed me deeply and remained in my memory till today. My thought at that time was that the teacher was right because all the things were created by the God. Though he was not a Christian, he had to admit the truth and the further probe into the human body mysteries (part of the Universe mysteries) would definitely lead to the existence of the God (religion) in the end. Otherwise, it would be impossible to explain the wonders of the human body. The Bible says, “For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse.”(1:20 Romans 1) Was the teacher demonstrating his scientific spirit? No. The scientific spirit means the truth and boldly pursuit of the truth without avoiding any controversy. The teacher knew very clearly that one more step forward would lead to the God but he dared not move onto the path towards the truth. Instead, he asked his students to stop there. It has shown that many people refuse to admit the existence of God not because they don’t have the scientific spirit but because of the social pressure, individual consideration for their interest and prospect, just as what the teacher was doing at that time. Nevertheless, the existence of the God would not change. And we cannot live in such considerations for the reality forever. One day in the future, when we have to face the ultimate choice, we will have to face the supreme master who has created the Universe and the human beings. The Bible says, “And as it is appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgment.” If we don’t accept the immoral God now, we have no excuse when it comes to the day. When we talk about the origin of all things in the Universe, some young people often ask, “You have said the humans are created by the God, then who has created the God?” The analogizing logics seem to be reasonable. But it is not true. Because the God is the creator instead of the created, you can’t link these together. The table is made by the carpenter. But you cannot say the carpenter and the table have the same origin. Human benings’ understand of the God is only limited to the enlightenment from the God to the humans. Otherwise, humans cannot understand the mystery of God’s nature. The God says, “I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.” (Exodus 3:14 and Revelation 1:8). For the God, there is only the eternality, and there is no time, beginning or ending. Even in the scientific field, too many analogizing questions won’t be tolerated. One scholar was talking about the belief in the God with his students. One student asked suddenly and proudly, “Where does the Universe come from?” The scholar answers, “The Universe is created by the God.” The student continued to ask, “Who has created the God?” The scholar answered, “The God is Alpha and Omega and I am not created.” The student said, “This is not scientific at all.” The scholar then asked the student, “Where does the Earth come from?” The student answered, “The Earth comes from the Sun.” The scholar continued to ask, “Where does the Sun come from?” The student answered, “The Sun comes from the Galaxy.” The scholar asked again, “Where does the Galaxy come from?” The student hesitated and answered, “The Galaxy comes from the nature.” The scholar continued to ask, “Where does the nature come from?” The student couldn’t answer this question and said in anger, “The nature is the nature and comes naturally.” The scholar then laughed, “This is not scientific at all.” So we can conclude that the “scientific” answers are not scientific. Another example is that the sciences tell people that substances are composed of the molecules. Then what are the molecules composed of? The molecules are composed of the atoms. But what are the atoms composed of? They are composed of the electrons, protons and neutrons. Then what are the electrons, protons and neutrons composed of? Till now, we cannot find an answer to this question. The atomic physicists are now working hard to find the “elementary particle”. They are called “basic particles” because the scientists don’t expect the substances to be divided limitlessly. So they believe that one day they will find the ultimate component, the “elementary particle”. Of course, the scientists will not ask such question of “what is something composed of?” This is the extremity and everything ends here. The materialists claim that the Universe is limitless and that the materials are eternal and can be divided limitlessly, etc. They are simply the groundless conclusion of the philosophers. And there is an extremity in their logics, the materials. They say that the materials are Alpha and Omega but can’t tell where the materials come from. Now let’s have a look at the math. All numbers come from 1, followed by 2, 3…. You can’t ask what the 1 is because 1 is 1, and not other numbers. It means that 1 is the origin of all numbers. The Greatest Creator has created all things and the Greatest Creator is the origin of them. It will be meaningless to ask where the Greatest Creator comes from.
submitted by jenajiejing to spirituality [link] [comments]


2024.05.19 10:57 jenajiejing The Secret of Human Bodies – Examples Proving the Existence of the Greatest Creator

The Secret of Human Bodies – Examples Proving the Existence of the Greatest Creator

Xue Feng

https://preview.redd.it/inye2mb6lc1d1.jpg?width=606&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=91a7161a35c1824c81442d04ca1efb17d2cbda20
Though the modern medicine has limited knowledge of human bodies, what we have known is enough for us to admire the excellent human body structure and functions. Each system and organ in the human body is designed by the Greatest Creator. Even those trivial body parts have great functions. For example, there are several types of hairs on human bodies with distinct forms and functions. The head hair is designed to protect and beautify the head. It can grow long. According to the Bible, “But if a woman has long hair, it is a glory to her: for her hair is given her for a covering.” The eyebrows can divert sweat and rain, preventing them into the eyes. That’s why they are lined above the two eyes. Eyelashes can prevent the dust and other things from entering the eyes. That’s why they are lined on the sides of the eyelids. Also they stand forward in a special curve because it wouldn’t hinder the eyesight or pierce into the eyes when closing the eyes. If the eyebrows and eyelashes are too long, they will hinder the eyesight. That’s why they wouldn’t grow as long as the hair or beards. The nasal hairs can filter the inhaled air. That’s why they grow inside the nostril and stand sideways and outwards. If they stand inwards, the other things will find it easy to come into the nostrils and difficult to go out. The armpit hairs can prevent the partial friction and help the sweat evaporate. Without the armpit hairs, we have to raise our arms. Otherwise the skin under the arm will become inflamed because of the friction and moist. Required by the function, the armpit hairs cannot grow as long as the head hairs, or as short as the eyebrows. Besides, they are soft and curving. If they are rigid and coarse, they will hurt the skin. And cilia grow on the intestinal epithelium. The cilia grow downward and vibrate together. The vibrating waves move downward from upward to help move down the intestinal contents. Cilia also grow on the airway and bronchus epithelium. However, they grow and vibrate in the opposite direction as those on the intestinal epithelium. Only in this way can they move the sputum upward to the throat and spit them. If they grow downward, the airway and bronchus would get stuck by the sputum and the humans would die from it.
Now I wish to take two simple reflections of human bodies as an example. When foreign matters enter the nostrils or airways, they will arouse two protective reflections, sneeze or cough, which is designed to repel the foreign matters. But due to different situation, these two reflections differ in their approaches. The foreign matters in the nostrils are not urgent so the sneeze reflection can be prepared in a composed way. First, inhale slowly; open the mouth, and the soft place move upward to block the nostril. Then breathe in enough air through the mouth, and the pleural body contracts sharply to emit the air in the lungs quickly. When the emitting reaches its peak, the tongue rises abruptly to block the mouth to repel the air to go out swiftly through the nostrils. In this way the foreign matters in the nostrils are driven out. However, if the foreign matters enter the airway, it is an emergent situation. If the foreign matters are not driven out timely, the life will be put at risk. The inhaling is strictly forbidden because it will make the foreign matters go deeper and cause suffocation. So the cough doesn’t include the inhaling. Instead, the glottis closes immediately. At the same time, the pleural body contracts suddenly and adds the lung air pressure extremely. When the pressure is at its strongest point, the glottis opens suddenly and the lung air sends out explosively, compelling the foreign matters in the airway to the throat via the glottis. At this time, the soft place rises to block the nostrils. The foreign matters are spit out through the mouth. If the tongue and the soft place perform the same way as in the sneeze, the foreign matters emitted out of the airway will enter the nostrils, causing another trouble. In these two reflections, the body parts must cooperate closely. Any failure in the coordination will lead to the failure of the reflection, causing serious consequences. So these activities are not done freely. Instead, they are done as required by their functions and set procedures. These procedures are not learnt or practices. The program has been rooted in our brain nerve structure (nerve nucleus) when we are born. Otherwise, the babies will not survive.
The advanced computer science has made it possible to simulate these activities. However, the simulation requires 3 conditions: 1. Device simulating the inhale and exhaling of human mouth, nose, throat, pleural and the sensing device; 2. The central control equipment simulating nerves and body system (compute, input and output devices). The above two devices are hardware. And software is also needed, namely (3). A program composed in strict compliance with the requirements to control the performance and procedure of each link, and arrange them in perfect coordination. All the three conditions are imperative. Otherwise the reflections can’t be realized. The program itself is not a substance structure. Instead, it is a smart use and spiritual result. There will be no such a thing as the program without the smart use. So we have to ask, the program is composed by the humans and stored in the computer, how about the control program in the human brain. Is it also composed by someone and stored in the human brain? Sneeze and cough are the simplest examples. There are numerous automatically controlled physical, bio-chemical and pathological human body activities, which are even more sophisticated than reflections of cough. Even today, some of them remain mysteries to us. So how are these sophisticated control programs composed? And where do they come from?
Now let’s have a look at the sensory organs on human bodies. Why do we have two ears? The reason is that one ear is not able to identify the direction. With the ears lying on two sides of the head, the sound reaches the ears in sequence of time. Based on the slight receiving time difference, the brain can judge where the sound comes from. The auricle is the most outward component of the ear. It can introduce the sound into the external auditory canal. Within the auricle there is a thin layer of cartilage helping to retain the form of auricle, giving it wonderful elasticity and protecting it from the clashes. Without the cartilage, the auricle is just two useless pieces of skin hanging on the head side. If the thin bone is inside the auricle, it will break easily even if when you are sleeping on your side, damaging the auricle. There is fuzz on the outer segment of the external auditory canal preventing the sand and dust. The inner segment secretes cerumen to prevent insects. When foreign matters enter the external auditory canal, it will trigger head shaking, instead of sneeze or cough, to get the matters out. Because the external auditory canal is a blind passage, it is impossible to repel the foreign matters with air.
Why don’t the foreign matters in the nostrils arouse the head-shaking reflection to repel them? That’s because the nostrils of humans almost lie in the middle of the head. The shaking is not able to produce enough centrifugal force. Besides, the human nostrils face downward and it is improper to repel the foreign matters by shaking the head. The sound is produced by the mechanical vibration of objects and is transmitted by the air fluctuation, or the sound waves. The human ears are actually working like a precise mechanical vibration monitor. In the inner ear there are a number of keyboards with different sizes, producing nerve impulses produced by echoing with corresponding frequencies. The brain, in accordance with the features of these impulses, identifies the strength, tunes and timbre of the sounds.
We must note though there are many sensory organs in human bodies, only the inner ear is protected by the most solid and firm bones. In fact, it lies in the cave part of the temporal bone. Of all the sensory organs, only the ears monitor the mechanical vibration, which needs a relatively fixed position. Otherwise, it is not able to monitor the sound. If the inner ear lies in the soft tissues, when the sound wave arrives, the inner ear will vibrate with it. Thus it can hear nothing. Now the inner ear lies in the firm bone and it can’t sense the air vibration. So it is imperative to reduce the density waves to the mechanical vibrations before sending them to the inner ear. And there is such a reduction device at the middle bottom of the external auditory canal, which is called the eardrum. The eardrum has enough space to receive the air pressure. It is thin enough to vibrate when the sound wave arrives. Meanwhile, the eardrum is strong enough to push the transmission device. The long handle of the middle ear cartilage is attached to its inner side, the tensile force of which makes the eardrum sink inside slightly to maintain certain tension. This allows the eardrum to accurately reduce the arriving sound waves into the mechanical vibrations. No matter what the temperature is, the vibration function is not impacted. After the sound waves are reduced into the mechanical vibration, some rigid objects are needed to transmit the vibration to the inner ear. Of all body tissues, the most rigid objects are the bones. However, the bones are heavy in general and covered by the soft tissues, which are not suitable for the audio vibration. However, in the tympanic cavity between the eardrum and the inner ear, there are three unique tiny bones with delicate forms measured in millimeters. They are almost completely exposed to the air in the tympanic cavity. These three tiny bones are connected by ligament and form a transmission chain in curve with excellent audio vibration function, able to transmit accurately the vibration of the eardrum to the inner ear. The transmission device can properly multiply the weak vibration and reduce the strong sound wave. All of these structures are the super designs required by the acoustics.
There are even smarter designs in the hearing organ. For example, to make the eardrum vibrate freely following the arriving sound waves, the two sides of the eardrums must be exposed to the air. As a result, there is a tympanic cavity full of air in the middle ear. If the cavity is filled by liquids, just as other cavities are, the eardrum is not able to vibrate because the liquids can’t contract. Besides, the cavity does not only need to be filled with air, but also needs to be connected to the outside world with a proper passage, to balance the static air pressure in the cavity with the outside air pressure. Otherwise, the air in the cavity will gradually be absorbed, causing the eardrum to sink excessively or damaging it. When the outside air pressure changes, (such as in mountain climbing, diving, the airplane takeoff or climate change), it will arouse uncomfortable feelings or lead to hearing malfunction. But the middle ear can’t be opened to the outside world directly, just like the external auditory canal or nostrils can. The reason is that the direct exposure will make the arriving waving sound reach the two sides of the eardrums at the same time via the external auditory canal and middle ear passage, counteracting the sound pressure. Thus the eardrums will not vibrate at all, unable to produce the hearing. So it is a difficult problem to connect the middle ear and the outside world. However, the human body, with a smart design, solves this problem. The middle ear is opened at the two sides in the upper rear of the pharynx via a half-opened passage (the so-called auditory tube). The auditory tube is locked in common times and only opened temporarily when taking the swallowing actions, balancing the air pressure in the middle ear shortly. After the swallowing action is over, the auditory tube is locked again. Apart from eating, human body would regularly take swallowing action unconsciously, even when he or she is sleeping. Thus the air pressure in the middle ear can be adjusted from time to time and avoid the hearing from being hindered. Besides, when swallowing, the swallowing segment and the soft palate will definitely rise, blocking the mouth and nostrils against the outside world. So on the moment when the ear and throat are opened shortly, though the air in the throat can enter the middle ear, the sound waves from the outside world are blocked against the middle ear. As a result, the hearing will not be interfered and can receive the outside sound and voice. Only the throat in the body can meet the special demand of the hearing organs. The throat is originally designed as part of the digestion and breathing system, it does not belong to sensory system. However, it can cooperate so smartly with the hearing organs. We have to admire the extremely delicate body-wise design.
The vestibule in the inner ear controls the balance of the body. In the vestibule there are 3 semicircular canals. When the body loses balance, the mutually-vertical semicircular canals produce the balance impulse, which triggers the corresponding reflection via the balance center in the medulla brain. Why are there 3 semicircular canals instead of 2 or 4? And why are they mutually vertical? The reason is apparent. Humans live in the 3-dimensional space. There are 3 mutually-vertical movement directions, namely, front and rear, left and right, upward and downward. So the 3 mutually-vertical semicircular canals can monitor the movements. The number less than 3 or more than 3 would be insufficient or redundant. We can see the delicate and smart structure and function, and the supreme wisdom in them. They can’t be the accidental results.
As the most important perception of human bodies, vision provides more information than that provided by all other perceptions. The vision is the perception of image and space and the visual organs must have the most precise and accurate structure completely different from other sensory organs. As a result, in the perspective of the embryo-genesis or neuro-anatomy, the main structure of the eyes is not just the common receptor. Instead, it is part of the cerebral cortex. The so-called optic nerves are completely different from other cerebrospinal nerves. In essence, the optic nerves are inner structure in the brain, transmitting the most sophisticated visual information. The eyes function like a precise camera. The retina composed of the photoreceptor cells is just like the films. The crystal, iris and the cornea works like the lens, diaphragm and the filter. However, the precision and automatic adjustment of the eyes is no match of any high-quality cameras. For example, the lens in modern cameras is made of special glass or hard plastics with fixed focal distance. When taking pictures for the landscapes with different distances, the lens position must be adjusted. Otherwise, the image will not be produced on the films. But this is an awkward approach. Imagine when the eyes are watching landscapes with different distances, the eyeballs have to protrude or recess alternatively, which looks ugly or damages the health and function of the eyes. However, the crystal in the eyes are transparent and elastic colloid, which can adjust automatically the focal distance in accordance with the distance of the objects to make sure all the objects can be imaged on the retina, without changing the position of the crystal. Such automatic adjustment function can’t be fulfilled by any camera.
If we observe the eyes in the perspective of modern TV technologies, the eyes are more like the television camera, but thousands of times more precise than the television cameras. The TV image is composed of dense pixels (the mixed dark or brilliant light spots). Till now, the best TV image only contains less than 1 million pixels. However, the human eyes can produce image containing 20 billion pixels. Only the eyes can see the details of objects. No matter how clear or accurate the image is, it is still a plan view image. Then how the eyes can provide the dimensional image is a key issue of providing the complete vision. But it is not an easy task at all to convert the flat view image into the dimensional one. For a long time, people have been puzzled by how the conversion is done. Of course, we later knew the smartness and delicacy of the human body shown here. The two eyes send the flat view images they receive into the same nerve center, which contrasts and analyzes the images and judges the distance of the objects based on the slight visual angle difference caused by the position difference of the two eyes. Thus the dimensional image is produced. That’s why people have to have 2 eyes to establish the complete vision. Based on such understanding, humans have invented the dimensional movies. But the above is only the external process of how vision is formed. People have little knowledge about how the visual center works inside. We have to admit that the mysteries of human body structure and functions are beyond the intelligence of mankind.
As a matter of fact, the distance judgment with two eyes is the triangulation technique which is precise and automatic. The accurate measurement needs two premises. First, the two eyes must focus on one object at the same time. Otherwise, there will be double vision, which means the one objects will be seen as two objects. As a result, the complete neuromuscular system is equipped on the outside of the eyeballs, making the eyeballs the most flexible and accurate organs. The ciliary muscle inside the eyeballs can adjust the conversion rate of the crystal at any time to focus on the object and form the clearest image. Second, the retina of the two eyes must be strictly symmetrical. Otherwise, the image contrast of the two eyes will become impossible. Furthermore, the images received by the two eyes must be transmitted at the same time to the same visual center for contrast and analysis. There are two visual nerves on the left and right side of the brain, supervising respectively the two sides of the vision field. The objects in the left of the vision field are reflected, via the eye pupil, on the retina of the right sides of the two eyeballs. The corresponding images in the two eyes, via the visual nerve, are sent to the visual center on the right side of the brain. The objects in the right of the vision field are reflected, via the eye pupil, on the retina of the left sides of the two eyeballs. The corresponding images in the two eyes, via the visual nerve, are sent to the visual center on the left side of the brain. The two visual nerves contrast the corresponding images coming from the eyes and produce the full-field dimensional images. The pairs of human parts are often symmetrical on the outside. Only the retinas are symmetrical in the same position. Namely, the left side is symmetrical to the left side and the right side symmetrical to the right side of the two retinas. That’s because the light rays come in directly. Otherwise, the visual centers can’t receive the corresponding images or get the coordinated vision. The structural symmetry of the retinas in the two eyes must be accurate to the utmost. Otherwise the images in the two eyes will not comply with each other and the ambiguity will occur. Besides, the corresponding images from the two eyes must be sent to the same visual center. Thus the optic nerves must have the corresponding special structure to realize the cross-transmission of the images. This is the unique “chiasma opticum” unique to the optic nerves. This function is not possessed by any other nervus cerebrospinalis because they don’t handle the information of images and space. If we use the computers and monitoring cameras to simulate the process of human vision, the input network of the computers has to have a similar chiasm. No other design can do it. Judging from the above, we can find all the human organs, structures and functions have shown the supreme wisdom. And these are the ways they should be.
Some people think that human body has some useless organs, such as the thymus gland, appendix, tonsil and coccyx, in order to prove the human structure is imperfect. Some people used to believe that these organs were not that useful. Instead, they tend to arouse diseases such as appendicitis and tonsillitis. If these organs are cut off, it will not have much impact on the human body. In the past, people used to classify spleens and other organs into the useless organs. There was a list of useless organs in the past which included over 100 organs. But the list was long not because these organs are useless but because people at the time were ignorant. As more we know about the organs, most of them have been deleted from the list and there are only a few still remain in the list. Some people think that these organs are the leftovers of human evolution, which are called the “waste back organs” and use them as one of the evidences of evolution theory. This is a complete misunderstanding. Till not we have understood there are no such things as the “obsolescent organs”. It is simply the lack of knowledge of these organs. Take the thymus gland as an example. In the past, people didn’t know its function. Now we have understood it is the warning device of the human body against the inner and outer infection sources. As a result, the thymus gland contributes a lot to the human health. Another example, if the coccyx fractures, it will cause serious functional disturbance. So the coccyx is also an imperative part of human body. Some people might say these organs can trigger diseases. Then all human organs can lead to diseases, even brain and heart are of no exceptions. Why don’t we say the brain and heart are useless? Some organs, though they are not as important as the heart and brain and wouldn’t endanger life immediately when eliminated, are also useful. Just like if the hands or feet are lost, though not fatal, the human body is handicapped.
After knowing the supreme and smart design of human structures and functions, you might want to know how they come into being. Who has designed and made such sophisticated and precise organs? We cannot avoid the question. Any truth-seeking person would admit that the extremely delicate organs and structures are not produced naturally or accidently. For instance, if someone gives you a top-class camera and tells you it is a natural one without designer or manufacturer; do you think his words are scientific and acceptable? The human body, which is even more delicate, accurate, flexible and practical, must have a supremely wise and capable creator behind it.
On a spring Sunday morning in 1954, I saw a young stranger sitting in the chamber of a Church. When we started to talk, I knew that he was a student at Peking Union Medical College. He said to me, “Since I studied anatomy and physiology, I have felt the human body is really a wonder. It is not possible to understand it unless we interpret the wonder with a God.” He came to the church to seek an answer. The wonder of this young man is not the only example. I remember that when I was studying anatomy and physiology in school, some students surrounded our physiology teacher and kept asking him questions. Finally, the teacher, annoyed by so many questions, told us, “Please stop the questions because they will lead to religion in the end.” Because of the special political background at the time, the teacher’s warning silenced all the students. But his warning impressed me deeply and remained in my memory till today. My thought at that time was that the teacher was right because all the things were created by the God. Though he was not a Christian, he had to admit the truth and the further probe into the human body mysteries (part of the Universe mysteries) would definitely lead to the existence of the God (religion) in the end. Otherwise, it would be impossible to explain the wonders of the human body. The Bible says, “For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse.”(1:20 Romans 1) Was the teacher demonstrating his scientific spirit? No. The scientific spirit means the truth and boldly pursuit of the truth without avoiding any controversy. The teacher knew very clearly that one more step forward would lead to the God but he dared not move onto the path towards the truth. Instead, he asked his students to stop there. It has shown that many people refuse to admit the existence of God not because they don’t have the scientific spirit but because of the social pressure, individual consideration for their interest and prospect, just as what the teacher was doing at that time. Nevertheless, the existence of the God would not change. And we cannot live in such considerations for the reality forever. One day in the future, when we have to face the ultimate choice, we will have to face the supreme master who has created the Universe and the human beings. The Bible says, “And as it is appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgment.” If we don’t accept the immoral God now, we have no excuse when it comes to the day.
When we talk about the origin of all things in the Universe, some young people often ask, “You have said the humans are created by the God, then who has created the God?” The analogizing logics seem to be reasonable. But it is not true. Because the God is the creator instead of the created, you can’t link these together. The table is made by the carpenter. But you cannot say the carpenter and the table have the same origin. Human benings’ understand of the God is only limited to the enlightenment from the God to the humans. Otherwise, humans cannot understand the mystery of God’s nature. The God says, “I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.” (Exodus 3:14 and Revelation 1:8). For the God, there is only the eternality, and there is no time, beginning or ending.
Even in the scientific field, too many analogizing questions won’t be tolerated. One scholar was talking about the belief in the God with his students. One student asked suddenly and proudly, “Where does the Universe come from?” The scholar answers, “The Universe is created by the God.” The student continued to ask, “Who has created the God?” The scholar answered, “The God is Alpha and Omega and I am not created.” The student said, “This is not scientific at all.” The scholar then asked the student, “Where does the Earth come from?” The student answered, “The Earth comes from the Sun.” The scholar continued to ask, “Where does the Sun come from?” The student answered, “The Sun comes from the Galaxy.” The scholar asked again, “Where does the Galaxy come from?” The student hesitated and answered, “The Galaxy comes from the nature.” The scholar continued to ask, “Where does the nature come from?” The student couldn’t answer this question and said in anger, “The nature is the nature and comes naturally.” The scholar then laughed, “This is not scientific at all.” So we can conclude that the “scientific” answers are not scientific. Another example is that the sciences tell people that substances are composed of the molecules. Then what are the molecules composed of? The molecules are composed of the atoms. But what are the atoms composed of? They are composed of the electrons, protons and neutrons. Then what are the electrons, protons and neutrons composed of? Till now, we cannot find an answer to this question. The atomic physicists are now working hard to find the “elementary particle”. They are called “basic particles” because the scientists don’t expect the substances to be divided limitlessly. So they believe that one day they will find the ultimate component, the “elementary particle”. Of course, the scientists will not ask such question of “what is something composed of?” This is the extremity and everything ends here. The materialists claim that the Universe is limitless and that the materials are eternal and can be divided limitlessly, etc. They are simply the groundless conclusion of the philosophers. And there is an extremity in their logics, the materials. They say that the materials are Alpha and Omega but can’t tell where the materials come from. Now let’s have a look at the math. All numbers come from 1, followed by 2, 3…. You can’t ask what the 1 is because 1 is 1, and not other numbers. It means that 1 is the origin of all numbers. The Greatest Creator has created all things and the Greatest Creator is the origin of them. It will be meaningless to ask where the Greatest Creator comes from.
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2024.05.19 10:24 EnvironmentalSize269 Why dudasteride/finasteride effects won't last forever for serveral people? The backdoor pathway to dihydrotestosterone

When the body feels it's missing a substance, hormone, or derivative, it will almost always try to find ways to compensate for the absence of that substance. One way is the following:

The backdoor pathway to dihydrotestosterone

Abstract

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is the androgen responsible for formation of the male external genitalia during embryogenesis and for most androgen-mediated events at male puberty. In most circumstances, testosterone (T) derived from the testis is converted to DHT by 5alpha-reductase type 2 in genital skin and prostate. By contrast, the testes of pouch young of the tammar wallaby and immature postnatal testes of several species synthesize 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol, which is the proximal precursor of DHT in androgen-target tissues. Human steroidogenic enzymes efficiently catalyze all the required steps in a route to DHT that does not involve the T intermediate, called the 'backdoor pathway'. This alternative pathway of DHT production appears to explain how potent androgens are produced in some normal and pathological conditions when the conventional androgen-biosynthetic pathways fail to account completely for the of patterns androgen synthesis that are observed.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15519890/
submitted by EnvironmentalSize269 to HairlossResearch [link] [comments]


2024.05.19 10:17 SadSupermarket7915 Would you get checked out or am I overreacting?

I was found to have a MMC measuring 10w2d - this was 17 days ago. I had my mifepristone 15 days ago and misoprostol 13 days ago. I passed the fetus but had a retained placenta so had to have it manually removed, the doctor scanned me at that point and said he was “fairly certain” he had got all the tissue but I was bleeding heavily so I feel like it was hard for him to tell.
Fast forward 13 days and I’m still cramping, it’s really bad every evening. I’m still bleeding brown blood and there’s some thick blood/?brown clots when I wipe after the toilet. I also did a pregnancy test yesterday morning and it was exactly as positive as it was 5 days ago.
I live in the UK so here we don’t have an obgyn we can just contact, I’d need to go through either the emergency department or phone a 24 hour line which would direct me to the correct place. If you were in my position would you do that? I’m meant to be going away to Greece 2 weeks today so really don’t want this process dragged out any longer and I’m really worried I have retained tissue??
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2024.05.19 09:39 Over-type-07 What blood tests are used to screen for Coeliac?

A GI MAP stool test has showed up high Anti-Gliadin IgA and high Secretory IgA. So I want to get screened one last time for Coeliac. I will be going off gluten indefinitely after this, regardless of results so I want a full proper screen for this as I have been checked in the past and tests were negative. I have Hashimotos and my Mum is Coeliac and I do feel better not eating it and I also have a range of general GI symptoms, heartburn and IBS.
So please advise all blood tests that can pick up issues, as the marker came up in the stool I’d like to get that checked in blood anyway and along with the usual others …
Anything else?
The doctors will decide then if I should go for a scope. Should I be going for that based on GI MAP results alone and the Hashis + Genetics?
submitted by Over-type-07 to CoeliacUK [link] [comments]


2024.05.19 07:35 quibbleisms Gifted smelly UV Resin

Hello everyone!
I've never used resin before, but I was recently gifted a lot of cured UV resin from someone who works with it a lot. They were a surprise gift, and I suspect they were her tests runs, as none of them are perfectly clear, and some of them have little bubbles.
They STINK. I thought at first that perhaps her household smokes in the same garage she works in, and that the smell was coming from old tobacco smoke. I washed them with a sponge and dish soap and they got a bit less yellow, and while freshly washed, they smelled fine. However, once dry, they smell again. Not only that, but because I stored some of them in a box with beads and craft supplies, now all those supplies stink, too.
I can taste plastic in my mouth when I smell them, and they make me nauseous and give me a headache. I'm storing what I can in bags full of baking soda or wrapped up in lots of tissue paper. Is it possible to get rid of this smell? Or is this a clue that the resin isn't actually completely cured? Any advice would be greatly appreciated, because I was sent A LOT. Thank you!
EDIT: Some of the pieces are sticky on one side as well, which I've only just learned through more searches that this means those pieces likely weren't cured completely. I touched them without gloves and have been cleaning my hands a lot, but I am currently strongly leaning towards throwing away the sticky ones, at least, though I'm not sure what to touch them with.
submitted by quibbleisms to resin [link] [comments]


2024.05.19 06:11 FriendlyAvocado It took a little over a decade but I finally have an answer. Thought I’d share in case it helps someone.

I got diagnosed with gastroparesis in 2010. I had a lot going on back then and was able to get it all under control to the point that I just sometimes take over the counter meds if I have symptoms and just control things with diet. Some days are harder than others, but I manage fairly well.
The thing is, they could never give me an answer as to why I had gastroparesis. There was no source. I’m not a diabetic and I didn’t have any sort of surgery or co-morbid disease that caused it. In fact, gastroparesis along with a hiatal hernia, GERD, and H. Pylori was deemed cause of my S.M.A. Syndrome back then. They just didn’t know what caused it and every new doctor I’ve been to (due to insurance changes, etc.) since then thinks they’re going to make some huge discovery and always send for a bunch of tests. They’re convinced I’m diabetic, have some thyroid issue, or celiac. Everything always comes back negative. And then they’re still shocked I still have it after so many years because it should have gone away already—or at least that’s what they say. Some doctors told me it might be hereditary somehow. But no one in my family has gastroparesis or any symptoms like it.
At the urging of my husband, I started going to doctors to get blood tests to keep tabs on my nourishment and established my first primary care doc in years, who also happens to be his doctor. My doctor took the time and interest to listen to my full medical history and investigate what might be wrong. He was the first doctor to figure out I might have a genetic disorder based on my health history.
I swear seeing a doctor make a mind map of all my conditions was the funniest thing I’ve ever seen but also the most humanizing treatment I’ve felt at a doctor’s office. I felt seen and heard. Tell me why it took so long to find a doctor who would put in the effort to connect the dots…
After he sent me off to multiple specialists, I officially got diagnosed with a connective tissue disorder (along with other things due to that 😭).
After doing a lot of research on my own and discussing it with my doctor, there’s a big likelihood it’s Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) but they refuse to diagnose me with that until I have a bigger medical emergency. EDS is just one of many connective tissue disorders. They told me the care is still the same since it’s all in the same umbrella (they’re taking care of my heart now, too). It’s likely that they don’t want to give me the specific diagnosis so I don’t lose insurance. But that’s neither here nor there.
The reason I bring it up is because while doing some research on my new condition I learned other people with connective tissue disorders including EDS have gastroparesis, hernias, tilted uteruses, etc. I have all of that.
I am 34 years old and I am finally learning why I have all the issues I’ve had since I was a small child. Everything is apparently connected to this diagnosis. It sucks but it’s an answer.
I hope this encourages someone to not give up and continue to seek answers to their medical issues.
TL;DR: I got diagnosed with a connective tissue disorder this year and gastroparesis is a common condition for people with it. I no longer have an idiopathic gastroparesis diagnosis.
submitted by FriendlyAvocado to Gastroparesis [link] [comments]


2024.05.19 06:08 kagura_143 Sudden Digestive Issues, what is happening to me?

Age: 22
Sex: F
Height: 5’1”
Weight: 164 lbs
Race: hispanic
Duration of complaint: 3 months
Location: abdomen
Currently have high cholesterol. bad cholesterol count of 103 according to my primary care.
Current medications: metoclopramide 5mg. sertraline 25mg, pantoprazole 40mg
i’ll include pictures of some tests that i’ve had done in the comments if i can.
Gonna try to include as best of a description of my symptoms as i can, i’ll also try to edit anything if it makes my description better.
this all started 2 months ago. literally the last week of february. at the time i wasn’t on any type of medication. nothing changed in my eating habits, except for the fact that i’d had panda express for the 1st time ever starting in february.
i became constipated suddenly one afternoon and this continued for a week. went to the doctor and i was sent to get a ct scan. but obviously, i’m not familiar with medical terms. from what i understand, there’s evidence of slow transit through my small bowel, but don’t know where or why exactly.
symptoms include: constipation accompanied by side and abdominal discomfort/aches/ pains. my upper abdominal area aches a lot some days. it feels as if the area right under the breast bones wants to cramp up. i feel burning in my stomach and abdomen too. gas is hard to pass somedays and feels trapped. i also have upper back aches. doctor told me it’s because of my small intestine. i also have lower back aches as well, but was told it could be because of kidney stones i didn’t even know i had, but just thought i’d mention this. i have diarrhea (once i went and it was very watery,) loose stools, stools with mucus and pieces of undigested food, mainly meat, of varying shapes and consistencies. the mucus on my stool is clear and white and appears like strings on my stool. sometimes i’ll have a semi normal movement, but with mucus. sometimes my stool will be thin, in small pieces, or just very loose even after a “normal” bowel movement. other times i’ll go but it’s just mucus. all my stools are also slimey in texture from what i can tell. also, everytime i wipe my stool it’s yellow in color with mucus and/or clear fluid. sometimes i’ll have this urgency to go despite being constipated.
also, not sure if this has to do with my current condition but have been wiping light red blood after i go, both with my more solid stools and loose ones. in one instance i even wiped only blood. there’s also been times where i’ve seen streaks of blood on my stool too. clear fluid also seems to be leaking out of my anal area…. clear mucus sometimes too. this causes my anal area and the inside of it to itch and sting. it feels like that sometimes after a bowel movement, even if it’s soft, other times it just feels itchy throughout the day, even if there is no anal leakage or if i don’t go to the bathroom. the mucus that comes out sometimes has pieces of stool/liquid that is the color of my stool. even with the supplements and meds i’ve been given, i’m lucky if I go even once a day now, but constipation is getting worse in my opinion.
in late march/early april i started to experience nausea, heartburn, acid reflux, and severe loss of appetite. all of these symptoms have persisted since. i no longer eat any of the food i used to. i can’t eat fast food or meat any more. i’m sticking to fruit, no citrusy fruits, crackers, soups, and cereal with almond or lactose free milk. even with these changes in diet my symptoms have persisted.
i eat very little because i just don’t feel hunger like i used to at all. even if i do i find that i get full very easily. i’m bloated after i eat as well. also, like i said i’m constipated so my bowel movement are little to none.
i currently still have all of the symptoms above and they don’t seem to be improving.
in a addition to a ct scan i’ve gotten tested for a blood infection, negative. celiac disease blood test came back negative. stool test for h pylori came back negative. a test to find if there was any blood digested and present in my stool came back negative. a stool test that was done to measure levels of fat in my stool came back indicating normal levels of fat in my stool. i also got an ultra sound for lumps that appeared on my abdomen but it was found that they were just fatty lumps. i also got an endoscopy in late april where 3 tissue biospies were taken. apparently, the 3 things they tested for all came back negative. other than a bacterial infection, i have no idea what else they ruled out. i’m not even white sure what bacterial infections they ruled out.
honestly, i’m getting more questions than answers at the moment and just want to know if there’s any more testing that i should ask for. what could possibly be happening to me and why?
submitted by kagura_143 to AskDocs [link] [comments]


2024.05.19 04:49 catlover4456 My baby has a lot of fetal defects

I had an emergency amniocentesis (needle in stomach to draw amniotic fluid) done at a specialized children’s hospital because my NIPT showed a 4/10 chance of my son having trisomy 18. They are rapid testing, results expected early next week. It’s earlier than they would normally do an anatomy ultrasound but my perinatologist found a brain defect, possible truncus arteriosus (only 1 artery in the heart), clenched fists, and an omphalocele (his liver and intestines are in a sac outside of his stomach). She is going to consult with a bigger hospital in another city to determine if our baby is incompatible with life and if so we might have to travel to another state for medical termination (my state doesn’t allow it). It’s really scary. I’m not sure if it’s better or worse if the amnio comes back positive for trisomy 18
submitted by catlover4456 to offmychest [link] [comments]


2024.05.19 04:28 Meta_Gamer_42 A New Way to Educate

Exploration of an Innovative K-12 School Curriculum and Pedagogical Approaches
Before going over the curriculum we must first discuss how to best teach. All of the following methods outlined below are what would I would suggest be use to teach the students trying to use just one or even just two of these would not be enough and would compromise the students learning and education
Teaching Methods
Project-Based Learning (PBL): In PBL, students work on a project over an extended period, which could be a week or a month, to respond to a complex question, problem, or challenge. The projects are usually multi-disciplinary and require students to apply what they've learned in a practical manner. This allows them to see the immediate applicability of their learning.
Inquiry-Based Learning: This is a form of active learning that starts by posing questions, problems, or scenarios—rather than simply presenting established facts or portraying a smooth path to knowledge. Students are involved in the construction of their learning. They engage with the material, participate in the class, and collaborate with each other.
Gamification: Incorporating elements of game design in education can make learning fun and engaging. This can involve point systems, leaderboards, badges, or other game mechanics.
Experiential Learning: This method involves learning by doing and reflecting on the experience. It can include internships, study abroad programs, field trips, laboratory experiments, or any other hands-on learning experiences.
Flipped Classroom: In a flipped classroom, students review lecture materials at home and do their 'homework' in class, where they can ask for help as they practice new skills and apply new knowledge. This allows teachers to spend class time helping students apply what they've learned and coaching them as they work through challenges.
Cross-Disciplinary Projects: By integrating different disciplines into a single project, you can make the learning experience more holistic and interconnected, much like how the knowledge of different magical disciplines would combine in a fantasy setting.
Competency-Based Learning: In this educational model, students advance upon mastering a skill or a competency. This encourages active utilization of knowledge and immediate feedback, similar to how a magic student might advance only after successfully casting a particular spell.
Now that we have given a basic outline of the teaching styles we can go over the curriculum for K-12 the idea would be to Have an A/B day schedule and some classes would meet less frequently because they don't take much time to cover everything, all of this will be done in order to create well rounded students, people and citizens. They are not only creative in nature, but leaders in their own right as well as capable of doing whatever they desire and succeeding wildly
Core Curriculum Classes:
STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, Mathematics): must Ensure these subjects are covered both within the integrated curriculum (like coding in math, cooking in science, history in art, etc.) and as standalone classes to develop depth of knowledge.
Memory Techniques & Knowledge Management Techniques: Using an Integrated code based system with AI tools to help teacher track progress and provide more targeted assistance as well as help students with how to effectively organize and manage knowledge, covering basic note-taking, the PARA/CODE system. Using AI to provide semi interactive sessions that not only explain how memory works but also actively encourage the practice of using the note taking method & memory techniques
Project-Based Learning: Encourage practical application of knowledge through project-based learning. Gamification & Experiential Learning: Use these techniques to make learning more engaging and fun.
Flipped Classroom & Inquiry-Based Learning: Encourage independent learning and critical thinking through these teaching methods.
Elementary School: Coding & Digital Literacy: Introduce basic coding principles using visual coding platforms. Begin teaching about online safety and basic cybersecurity. Financial Literacy: Teach basic concepts like the value of money, saving, and spending. Potential to introduce the use of real currency and creating student based economy Community Service: Arrange class-based community projects and encourage involvement in community service outside of school. Gardening & Cooking: Teach students about plants, nutrition, and basic cooking skills through a school garden. Literacy & Reading: Develop a reading program that exposes students to a variety of genres. Writing can begin with simple sentences. History: Teach history from a holistic and critical perspective, exploring different cultures and perspectives. Basic Medicine & First Aid: Introduce simple health, hygiene, and basic first aid skills. Physical Education: Encourage a love for physical activity through a variety of engaging games. Emotional Regulation & Healthy Relationships with Technology: Incorporate social-emotional learning and healthy technology use. Leadership: Begin fostering leadership qualities through group activities and responsibility sharing. Self-Defense: Introduce basic safety rules and personal boundaries. Spanish: Introduce basic Spanish vocabulary and phrases, along with exposure to the culture of Spanish-speaking countries. Songs, games, and interactive activities can be used to make learning enjoyable.
Middle School: Coding, Digital Literacy & Practical Engineering: Continue coding education and introduce robotics and basic electronics. Financial Literacy: Start teaching about budgeting, banking, and simple concepts of earning. Potential to introduce the use of real currency and creating student based economy Community Service: Encourage students to plan and lead community service projects, either in groups or individually. Gardening & Cooking: Progress in gardening and cooking skills, introducing sustainability issues. Literacy, Reading, & Writing Skills: Increase complexity of reading and writing assignments. History: Provide more in-depth history education using primary sources and interpretations. Basic Medicine & First Aid: Offer a more detailed course on first aid and health. Physical Education: Introduce a range of physical activities, sports, and body awareness topics. Emotional Regulation & Healthy Relationships with Technology: Develop emotional intelligence skills, mindfulness practices, and education about responsible technology use. Leadership: Teach various leadership styles and emphasize group projects requiring delegation and decision-making. Self-Defense: Continue with more practical self-defense techniques. Study of Government: Begin a foundational study of the local and national government. Teach students about the branches of government, their roles, and how laws are made. Spanish: Continue to build on vocabulary and grammar learned in elementary school. Introduce simple written exercises and encourage basic conversation in Spanish.
High School: Coding, Digital Literacy & Practical Engineering: Offer advanced coding and practical engineering classes, including topics like 3D modeling and advanced electronics.Teach more advanced cybersecurity concepts and ethics of digital communication Gardening & Cooking: As elective courses, delve into advanced topics like food science or agricultural technology. Literacy, Reading, & Writing Skills: Offer a variety of literature courses, creative writing classes, and research-based writing. History: Teach history as a dynamic and interpretive subject, encouraging critical thinking. Basic Medicine & First Aid: Include more advanced first aid, mental health awareness, and basic human anatomy and physiology. Physical Education: Offer a range of athletic options, and include education about exercise science and long-term health benefits. Emotional Regulation & Healthy Relationships with Technology: Provide resources for emotional regulation, advanced mindfulness techniques, and in-depth discussions about technology's role in society. Leadership: Delve deeper into conflict resolution, strategic planning, and ethical leadership, often through real-world applications. Financial Literacy: Start teaching about budgeting, banking, and simple concepts of earning. Potential to encourage student to start their own business or get a job and have students buy things from each other Self-Defense/Mixed Martial Arts: For interested students, offer elective classes in mixed martial arts, fostering physical and mental skills. Study of Government: Expand on knowledge from middle school and introduce international government systems. Discuss the concepts of democracy, socialism, and other forms of government. Involve students in mock debates and simulations, like Model United Nations or Mock Parliament. Study of Politics: Begin a course on political science, covering key political ideologies, parties, and political processes. Discuss current events and involve students in debates and discussions to encourage critical thinking. Creating Change: Introduce a course on social activism and creating change. This can involve studying historical movements for change, understanding how to effect change within a legal framework, learning about peaceful protest, and planning and implementing a small-scale change project within the school or community. Spanish: Continue to deepen knowledge of Spanish. Encourage advanced conversation and written exercises. Students could read Spanish literature or news and discuss in class, fostering language skills and cultural understanding.
This kind of curriculum would be nearly the best, being interdisciplinary, hands-on, and centered around the interests and needs of the students. It would aim to not only equip students with the knowledge and skills they need to succeed in the world, but also ignite their passion for learning and encourage them to continue learning throughout their lives.
But before we’re done one last thing must be covered. How to assess a student's growth because science shows that paper tests are not suited for the task. There are many innovative ways to assess student understanding and skills without relying solely on traditional exams. The methods that could be used include Assessment Methods
Portfolios: Students could compile portfolios of their work, which could include code they've written, projects they've completed, or essays they've written. A portfolio allows students to demonstrate their learning process, their progress over time, and their ability to apply what they've learned in different contexts.
Presentations: Students can demonstrate their understanding of a topic by presenting on it. This could involve presenting a project they've completed, explaining a concept to the class, or debating a topic with classmates.
Peer and Self-Assessment: Students can learn a lot from assessing each other's work or their own work. This can help them develop a better understanding of the assessment criteria and improve their ability to critically evaluate work.
Performance Assessment: In subjects like self-defense, physical education, cooking, or gardening, students could be assessed based on their performance. This could involve demonstrating a technique, completing a task, or participating in a game or competition.
Reflective Journals: Students could maintain journals where they reflect on what they've learned, how they've applied it, and what they still want to understand better. This can give teachers insight into a student's thought process and their understanding of the subject.
Project-Based Assessment: Students can be assessed on the projects they complete, whether individually or in groups. This allows students to demonstrate a range of skills, including knowledge of the subject, problem-solving, creativity, and teamwork.
Community Service Assessment: In addition to the other assessments, teachers can assess students' community service involvement, their planning and leadership skills, as well as their reflections on their experiences.
The emphasis of Knowledge Management Techniques and Memory Techniques in core classes as a standalone session every day would ideally give students a break from traditional instruction and allow them to process and manage their learnings. This can be in the form of group discussions, independent reflection time, or guided activities for planning and organizing their work.
submitted by Meta_Gamer_42 to education [link] [comments]


2024.05.19 03:26 angechamp 8 year old dog Liver Mass

Species: Dog Breed: Lab mix Gender: Male Age: 8 Weight: 74
SUMMARY: liver mass found during an ultrasound for suspected pancreas issue. Pup is acting normal, eating and drinking normally. No clinic signs observed.
Question: recommendation by vet and internist is to wait 2-3 months and repeat ultrasound and FNA to see if anything has changed. Is a true cut biopsy a better way to identify if this is cancerous given FNA cytology couldn’t determine? I’m concerned about risk of bleeding during surgery if we went the route of removing the mass. I just want to weigh options before moving forward with removal. Any other advice you can share is so appreciated.
Background: Previous ultrasound due to suspected spleen enlargement 11/2023 no findings. All was normal. Pup had also had ongoing GI issues (soft stools) and skin issues (yeast) for a year that we’ve been treating with our vet and a dermatologist
Before a dental procedure bloodwork was done and pancreatic value (Lipase) was elevated 2x normal rate at 552. Previous bloodwork in October this level was 171. Reticulite hemoglobin has been low the last 3 tests 22.6-23 (5/1, 10/23 and may 2023). A GI profile blood draw was done following these results and cPL and TLI were both elevated (794 and >50 respectively). Ultrasound was recommended.
Ultrasound revealed a mass on the liver and an FNA was performed. Pancreas is normal.
Pathology results:
COMMENTS: The slide contains high numbers of uniform epithelial cells which are consistent with well-differentiated and generally cytologically unremarkable hepatocytes as described below. These cytologic findings are consistent with aspiration of underlying hepatic tissue. Given the clinical description provided, the findings may reflect aspiration of a nodular hepatic lesion, examples of which include benign nodular hyperplasia of older dogs, nodular regeneration, or possibly a well-differentiated neoplasm of hepatocellular origin such as hepatocellular adenoma and well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. Evaluation of tissue architecture is needed to distinguish between these differentials.
CYTOPATHOLOGIC DESCRIPTION: One smear is examined and is highly cellular. Cells consist primarily of population of hepatocytes found in variably-sized cohesive clusters. These hepatocytes have large amounts of granular amphophilic to basophilic cytoplasm with distinct cell margins. Nuclei are round to oval, centrally located, and have coarsely stippled chromatin, typically with a single prominent nucleolus. Occasional binucleated cells are also found. A mild degree of anisocytosis and anisokaryosis is appreciated within this hepatocellular population. The cells are surrounded by a moderate to large amount of blood and pale basophilic tissue fluid background.
submitted by angechamp to AskVet [link] [comments]


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