1) Pashupata -

2) Pratyabhigya -

3) Shivadvaita -

4) Veerashaiva -

A) Panchapeeta Tradition

B) Lingayata Tradition

5) Natha -

A) Nandinatha Sampradaya -

B) Matsyendranatha Sampradaya -

6) Siddhanta -

1) Pashupata -

2) Pratyabhigya -

3) Shivadvaita -

4) Veerashaiva -

A) Siddhanta Tradition

B) Lingayata Tradition

5) Natha -

A) Nandinatha Sampradaya -

B) Matsyendranatha Sampradaya -

The origins of the Dravidians are a "very complex subject of research and debate".[10] They are regarded as indigenous to the Indian subcontinent,[11][12][13] but may have deeper pre-Neolithic roots from Western Asia, specifically from the Iranian plateau.[14][15][16][17][18] Their origins are often viewed as being connected with the Indus Valley civilisation,[10][18][19] hence people and language spread east and southwards after the demise of the Indus Valley Civilisation in the early second millennium BCE,[20][21] some propose not long before the arrival of Indo-Aryan speakers,[22] with whom they intensively interacted.

Leonard Woolley

“In its essence Field Archaeology is the application of scientific method to the excavation of ancient objects, and it is based on the theory that the historical value of an object depends not so much on the nature of the object itself as on its associations, which only scientific excavation can detect.”

Anthropology – The study of human beings
Archaeology – The study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture
Archaeography – The study of ancient (historical) documents (antique writings)
Archival science – The study and theory of creating and maintaining archives
Campanology – The study of bells
Chorography – The study of regions and places
Chronology – The study of the sequence of past events
Cliometrics – The systematic application of economic theory, econometric techniques, and other formal or mathematical methods to the study of history
Codicology – The study of books as physical objects
Diplomatics – The study and textual analysis of historical documents
Encyclopaedistics – The study of encyclopaedias as sources of encyclopaedic knowledge
Epigraphy – The study of ancient inscriptions
Folkloristics – The study of folklore
Genealogy – The study of family relationships
Geography (or historical geography) – The use of the principles and methods of geology to reconstruct geological history
Heraldry – The study of armorial devices
Mythography – The study of myths
Numismatics – The study of coins
Onomastics – The study of proper names
Paleobotany – The recovery and identification of plant remains in their archaeological context
Palaeography – The study of old handwriting
Paleoanthropology – The study of human evolution and ecology through the fossil record
Palynology – The study of pollen grains and spores
Papyrology – The study of ancient manuscripts preserved on portable media
Phaleristics – The study of military orders, fraternities, and award items
Philately – The study of postage stamps
Philology – The study of the language of historical sources
Prosopography – The investigation of a historical group of individuals through a collective study of their lives
Radiometric dating – The use of nuclear science to date historical objects
Sigillography (or sphragistics) – The study of seals
Sociology (or historical sociology) – The study of society
Toponymy – The study of place names
Vexillology – The study of flags

“Between archaeology and history there is no fenced frontier, and the digger who will best observe and record his discoveries is precisely he who sees them as historical material and rightly appraises them: if he has not the power of synthesis and interpretation he has mistaken his calling.”

“Since the whole purpose of this book is to trace man's progress it obviously does not regard history as a ‘kaleidoscopic change of whimsical patterns’; but none the less do I find it impossible to fit the stages of progress in general to the Procrustean bed of what my Marxist friends term ‘the law of social development’. In my view ‘the different local varieties following from the specific conditions of times and place’ rule out any such conformity. Were the historical facts grouped according to a theory of the successive development of primitive communal and slave-holding structures of society those facts might be more easily grasped, but the history would be misrepresented.”

“…awareness of the questioner’s ‘positionality’ put Collingwood decades ahead of his contemporaries, and freed him up to ask some uncomfortable questions about the nature of the past itself. The ‘first principle’ of the philosophy of history was the idea that ‘the past which an historian studies is not a dead past, but a past which in some sense is still living in the present’. It is called into being by ‘disentangling it out of the present in which it actually exists’; and elsewhere, ‘the past simply as past is wholly unknowable . . . it is the past as residually preserved in the present that is alone knowable’.” (p. 237)

“As his work in the field goes on, the excavator is constantly subject to impressions too subjective and too intangible to be communicated, and out of these, by no exact logical process, there arise theories which he can state, can perhaps support, but cannot prove: their truth will depend ultimately on his own calibre, but, in any case, they have their value as summing up experiences which no student of his objects and his notes can ever share. Granted that the excavator is adequate to his task, the conclusions which he draws from his own work ought to carry weight, and he is bound to put them forward…”

Video Presentation

Podcast Edition

• Just because one group these symbols, means nothing. Not to mention the Neolithic culture (5000 bce) that occupied what we call Britain today, was exceptionally versed in astrology and many of their monuments were erected with this in mind.. maybe that's the next trip?

1. Prehistoric Era (5 days):This era spans from the emergence of Homo sapiens around 300,000 years ago to the development of writing systems around 5,000 years ago. It includes the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age, characterized by early human development, toolmaking, and the transition to settled societies.
   
2. Ancient Era(14 days):Beginning with the development of writing systems around 5,000 years ago, this period encompasses the rise and fall of ancient civilizations such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome, and the Indus Valley civilizations. It extends until the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE.
   
3. Medieval Era(4 weeks): Following the fall of the Western Roman Empire, this era includes the Middle Ages, characterized by feudalism, the rise of Christianity, the Byzantine Empire, the Islamic Golden Age, and the Crusades. It spans roughly from 476 CE to 1453 CE, marking the fall of Constantinople.
   
4. Early Modern Era(5 weeks month)This era begins with the Renaissance in Europe, marking a period of cultural, intellectual, and artistic rebirth. It encompasses the Age of Discovery, the Protestant Reformation, the Scientific Revolution, and the beginnings of globalization. This period lasts from roughly 1453 CE to the late 18th century.
   Sub Era: Steampunk (Last 3 weeks of the Era)
   
5. Modern Era(7 weeks):The modern era includes the Industrial Revolution, the French and American Revolutions, the rise of imperialism, nationalism, and the spread of democracy. It extends from the late 18th century to the end of World War I in 1918.
   
6. 20th Century(8 weeks)This period covers the tumultuous events of the 20th century, including World War II, the Cold War, decolonization, technological advancements, and significant social and cultural changes. It spans from 1918 to the late stages of the 20th century in the 1960s.
   
7. Contemporary Era(5 weeks):This era begins in 1970. Space exploration and the 21st and continues to the present day, marked by globalization, rapid technological advancements, environmental challenges, political shifts, and ongoing social changes.
   

1. The journey would have been incredibly long for a family to take at that time [and traveling through Haran was unnecessary to get to Canaan and added many miles].
2. There are hundreds of references to the famous Ur in the cuneiform texts, and not once is it called “Ur of the Chaldees.”
3. The famous “Ur” could not have been called “Ur of the Chaldees” because the Chaldees were an ethnic group that actually lived around where Urfa (Edessa) was, and did not migrate southeast until long after Abraham.
4. Abraham wanted to get a wife for Isaac, and told him to go to his “country” and the land of his birth and get a wife (Gen. 24:4, 7). Yet the servant did not go to the famous Ur, but went to upper Mesopotamia where Haran and Urfa are (Gen. 24). The woman that became Isaac’s wife was Rebekah, and when she sent her son Jacob to get a wife, she sent him to her family in Haran (Gen. 27:43), not way down southeast to the famous Ur.
5. A tablet from Ebla refers to “Ur in Haran.”
6. The expression “Ur of the Chaldees” occurs four times in the Old Testament (Gen. 11:28, 31; 15:7; Neh. 9:7). Each time the Septuagint translates the word “Ur” with a word for land or region, so the translators of the Septuagint connected the Chaldeans with a region, an area.
7. Some of Abraham’s relatives had names that may be connected with sites in northern Mesopotamia.

1. Ahimsa (you don't hurt anyone by words or actions)
2. Satya (you will always tell the truth and be honest)
3. Aparigraha (you will not own anything)
4. Asteya (you will not steal)

1. Brahmans started getting more influence when the Mauryan Empire collapsed. Since Jainism was made in opposition to the Vedas and Brahmans are supporters of Vedas, you can see where this was going. Although here they were still being somewhat funded because kings chose to be politically correct and secular, but the real downfall in Jainism's popularity was when
2. The Islamic invasions began. There was no way kings could justify patronising a religion of ahimsa when there are enemies looting and killing the people. This was when both Buddhism and Jainism completely dropped in popularity. Not only were Jain organisations no longer getting funded to make anything else, their already existing temples were also broken by the Muslims.

1. Rishabhnath founded Jainism 1000000000000000000000000000...(continue till 224 zeroes) years ago, and lived for 592704000000000000000000 years and was 1.5km tall. All other tirthankars who followed him were also Dragon Ball Z-level exaggerated except the last two, only because there was historical evidence about them.
2. The religion that survived for that long couldn't even handle staying on its legs for even a couple centuries just because two of its followers lived in different places for a couple of years
3. People are getting born into a religion they were supposed to choose, and are being forced to follow it just because.
4. The people of that religion aren't even following the religious teachings.
5. The whole concept of Jainism is only surviving on patronism. Stop funding it and it will collapse.

However, with more sequences of ancient and modern genomes and fine structure analyses, we can expect a more complex picture of ancestry to emerge. In this study, we focus on Dravidian linguistic groups to propose a fourth putative source which may have branched out from the basal Middle Eastern component that gave rise to the Iranian plateau farmer related ancestry. The Elamo-Dravidian theory and the linguistic phylogeny of the Dravidian family tree provide chronological fits for the genetic findings presented here. Our findings show a correlation between the linguistic and genetic lineages in language communities speaking Dravidian languages when they are modelled together. We suggest that this source, which we shall call 'Proto- Dravidian' ancestry, emerged around the dawn of the Indus Valley civilisation. This ancestry is distinct from all other sources described so far, and its plausible origin not later than 4,400 years ago on the region between the Iranian plateau and the Indus valley supports a Dravidian heartland before the arrival of Indo-European languages on the Indian subcontinent. Admixture analysis shows that this Proto-Dravidian ancestry is still carried by most modern inhabitants of the Indian subcontinent other than the tribal populations. This momentous finding underscores the importance of population-specific fine structure studies. We also recommend informed sampling strategies for biobanks and to avoid oversimplification of ancestral reconstruction. Achieving this requires interdisciplinary collaboration.