There is a Jackie Chiles quote in the show Seinfeld that is one of my favorite / best lines in the entire series, but I have been trying to find this term that is used in English composition that I learned in my first year of college that describes the technique of speech he used in that quote, but I cannot remember the term... I don't believe it's a morpheme, and it wasn't called a repetition / my professor did not say it was a repetition, and it's not just synonyms... And the term she used wasn't just as simple as a rhyme...
I remember her saying that whatever this word is I'm trying to remember, it's often used in groups of three back to back, the words mean mainly the same thing like a synonym would, but they normally end in the same type of suffix, as in Jackie's statement
It's lewd, "lascivious, salacious, outrageous".
All of those ending in -ous. I do not remember if the syllable count is part of the description either... I do remember her saying that whatever this terminology I'm trying to think of, it's normally used in speeches to really drive a point forward, especially in persuasive speeches...
It's been driving me crazy and I for the life of me can't remember what word or terminology should used to describe such a thing.
Also I'm pretty sure it's not an anaphora.
I want to say whenever I was taking public speaking, I believe my professor for that course mentioned the same term I am trying to remember, and I think she said it was this linguistic technique that Martin Luther King used to using his speeches... And I did Google just that, but the results I got, along with all of my other searches are bringing up exactly what I am not talking about.
Note: this is a slightly updated version of a previous post I created last year, which is why it might seem a little familiar. 2nd note: I eventually decided to scrap the cedillas in favour of commas and resurrect the 'thorn' letter for a cleaner look. Blog post has been updated but I'll leave this Reddit post as is. Original blog post This is yet another contribution to the hundreds of amateur spelling reform proposals concocted in the last 400 years by individuals from all walks of life. That's why I'm gonna call it Yet Another Alternate English Orthography (YAAEO), for lack of a better name: while it would be really cool if all the English-speaking countries could come together and agree to a new and more phonetic spelling standard, I'm very much aware this won't be happening in the forseeable future. YAAEO is simply a reflection of what I feel a highly phonetic orthography for English should be like.
So what makes my newfangled orthography different from the rest? Efficiency. It uses just 2 additional diacritic-capped vowel letters ('á' and 'ú') and 5 additional consonant letters ('ţ', 'đ', 'ŋ', 'ş' and 'ż') to complement the existing 26 letters of the alphabet and allow them to be able to cover all of the English phonemes with minimal ambiguity. And a whole bunch of highly opinionated stuff that not everyone might agree with - but we'll get to that shortly.
The problem with other alternate English orthographies
Many of the alternate English orthographies promoted by English spelling reformers have issues that make them more complex:
- SoundSpel uses just the original 26 letters with an emphasis on retaining the existing phonetic English spelling conventions (e.g. 'all' to represent /ɔl/), but contains a sizable amount of exceptions to the rules that increase its overall complexity.
- Cut Spelling aims to reduce redundant letters in the current orthography and make it more phonetic to a limited extent, but doesn't try to re-spell words in a more phonetic manner.
- It introduces an additional layer of guesswork as unstressed vowels are completely removed - for instance, 'permanent' gets re-spelled as 'permnnt'. When someone sees this, should they pronounce it as 'permanent', 'permnent' or 'permnanet'?
- Also, this system only seems to cater for those who already know how to read the current English orthography.
Many other alternate orthographies have also been published by individuals over the years, most of which have issues of their own:
- Overuse of diacritics - it's tempting to use diacritics for every single English phoneme not covered by their own letter, liberally sprinkling them across even the most common vowels and consonants. The end result is an unsightly mess that would be troublesome to handwrite easily - I mën, órganäsing it betür wûd bë mâçh mõre ëffectivè. (Admittedly I had fallen into this trap once: see this monstrosity from a few years ago, for instance.)
- Overuse of digraphs and ligatures - on the flip side, one can also try use some familiar digraphs to represent the most common vowels (e.g. the /iː/ sound in 'see'). The problem with overly using digraphs (and their conjoined cousins the ligatures) is simple: Texts get long and unwieldy pretty quickly - eemajeen eef everytheeng loookd like thees!?! bæd oorgeaniceayshaen!
- Not designed with universal communication in mind - many of them tend to focus exclusively on representing 1 particular English dialect. Those that are based on American accents tend to merge the /ɔ/ sound in 'not', 'lock' and 'bother' with the /a/ sound in 'father', while some of those based on non-rhotic accents leave out final -r altogether. This makes them harder to understand for those who are not familiar with the accent of the creator.
- '-z' at the end of words - this one's probably just me, but let's be honest: '-z' at the end of wordz can get quite jarring sometimez. Maybe it's because 'z' at the end evokes a sense of foreignness. Who knows.
- Retention of 'deviant' English vowel pronunciation - some of them also preserve the traditional pronunciations of 'a' = /eɪ/, 'e' = /iː/, 'i' = /aɪ/ and 'u' = /a/~/ʌ/ that the current English orthography uses. This is rather different from how these letters are actually pronounced in the rest of the world.
Why I reckon YAAEO is better
YAAEO aims to overcome the previously mentioned issues by adopting the following principles:
- Minimal additions - YAAEO aims to minimise the usage of diacritics and new letters except where needed, with only 7 new letters added to the existing 26 letters of the Latin alphabet: 'á', 'ú', 'ţ', 'đ', 'ŋ', 'ş' and 'ż'.
- Represents a blend of British RP and General American - these are the 2 most widely known English dialects, widely understood by many around the world. YAAEO preserves the vowel distinctions of the British accent and the final -r's of the American accent.
- The -s suffix is always written as -s - to minimise the '-z at end of words' jarring effect, I decided the '-s' suffix (as well as final -z in the most common words such as 'was', 'is, and 'always') shall be always written as '-s' no matter how it's pronounced, significantly reducing the jarring effect without sacrificing too much phonetic information.
- Based on 'continental' vowel pronunciation - in YAAEO, vowel letter pronunciations more closely correspond with their original values, which are widely used in continental European languages and many other languages that have adopted the Latin script: 'a' = /a/~/ʌ/, 'e' = /ɛ/ or /e/, 'i' = /ɪ/ or /i/, 'o' = /ɔ/ and 'u' = /ʊ/ or . This would make it much easier to comprehend for anyone familiar with a phonemic Latin orthography such as the ones used to write Spanish, Turkish or Indonesian.
Other advantages of YAAEO
- Does not use obsolete letters such as ƿ which only linguists know about.
- Directly represents long vowels and diphthongs (such as the 'ay' sound in 'say') with their constituent vowels, not as something else.
- Many common English words retain their original spellings, such as 'man', 'red', and 'hop'.
- Many other words only differ by a few letters and are easily recognisable: 'can' becomes 'kan', 'simple' becomes 'simpul', and 'fire' becomes 'faiur'.
- Usually more compact than conventional English orthography - in YAAEO, the 11-letter word 'acknowledge' becomes 'aknolij', which is just 7 letters.
- Easy to type - most new letters are located on the left side of the keyboard opposite the Alt Gr key for easy access.
Disadvantages of YAAEO
- Many words will have different spellings (kof kof).
- Requires a new keyboard layout to write the 7 new letters.
- Some words become longer, especially if they have a lot of diphthongs: 'isolation' (9 characters) becomes 'aisouleişun' (11 characters).
- The use of the letter ⟨C⟩ in YAAEO differs from its normal usage in the current English orthography.
Defining the vowel letters
In YAAEO, the ⟨E⟩, ⟨I⟩ and ⟨O⟩ vowel letters have the expected continental pronunciations:
- E e = /ɛ/ (as in 'bed')
- I i = /ɪ/ (as in 'bid')
- O o = /ɔ/ (as in 'lot')
The /ɑ/ vowel found in American accents corresponds to /ɔ/ in British RP and does not contrast with /ɔ/, so I'll consistently refer to it as /ɔ/ from here on.
Things get more interesting with ⟨A⟩ and ⟨U⟩.
There are 2 candidates for the ⟨A⟩ letter: /æ/ (as in 'fan' and 'band') and /a/~/ʌ/ (as in 'fun' and 'but'). Both of these vowels occur with high frequencies and it would be less desirable to use digraphs to distinguish between the 2 of them. Here's an occasion where using a diacritic for disambiguation might actually make sense: Plain ⟨A⟩ shall be /æ/, since /æ/ is the more common of the 2 and is almost always written with ⟨A⟩ in normal English orthography (as in 'fan' and 'band'), while the expected continental pronunciation of /a/~/ʌ/ shall be ⟨Á⟩ with a simple accent on top.
- A a = /æ/ (as in 'fan' and 'band')
- Á á = /a/~/ʌ/ (as in 'fun' and 'but')
As for ⟨U⟩, I could have simply decided to give it the /ʊ/ vowel (as in 'foot' and 'look'). But since I consider the schwa /ə/ to be a distinct phoneme, I felt it would be best to write it with 1 letter.
At one point, I was seriously considering the Turkish 'dotless I' ⟨ı⟩ for the /ə/ sound due to its simplicity, but realised that doing so would mean having to deal with the '
Turkish I problem', where the uppercase letter for normal ⟨i⟩ has to have a dot on top ⟨İ⟩ to distinguish it from the uppercase dotless ⟨I⟩, causing software to malfunction unless the locale is set to Turkish. This was something I couldn't accept.
Instead, I opted to use ⟨U⟩ as the letter for /ə/, since the other 4 vowel letters were already taken and /ə/ is a very common pronunciation of this letter (as in 't
urn', 'vol
unteer' and 'camp
us'). As with /a/~/ʌ/, the expected continental pronunciation of /ʊ/ is indicated with a simple accent on top - I considered this a slight tradeoff, but acceptable since /ʊ/ occurs less frequently than /ə/.
- U u = /ə/ (as in '-tion')
- Ú ú = /ʊ/ (as in 'foot' and 'look')
The end result is a 7-vowel system that can then be used to represent the diphthongs and long vowels in a highly intuitive way:
- Ai ai = /aɪ/ (as in 'high', there is no need for the accent since there is no /æɪ/ diphthong to worry about)
- Ei ei = /eɪ/ (as in 'say')
- Oi oi = /ɔɪ/ (as in 'toy')
- Úu úu = /ʊə/ (as in 'tour')
- Yú iú = /ju/ (as in 'use')
- Oo oo = /ɔː/ (as in 'bought')
- Ou ou = /oʊ/ (as in 'dough')
- Oú oú = /uː/ (as in 'pool'. This one's due to aesthetics: I think 'oú' looks nicer than 'uu')
The /iː/ sound (as in 'bead') is another very common vowel without its own letter. Although normally used as a consonant sound, ⟨Y⟩ is regularly used to represent an 'I'-like sound in normal English spelling - hence, it shall be used to represent this vowel sound. Also, it was either that or using something like 'ii', which just looks weird (and reminds me of the Nintendo Wii).
- Y y = /iː/ (as in 'bead')
Rhotic vowels
IPA charts for English often include these phonetic vowel sequences as well. Whereas some alternate orthographies try to give a special symbol to the vowel or imitate the jankiness of normal English spelling, YAAEO takes a simpler and far more practical approach: just append an -r at the end. Couldn't be more simple.
- Ar ar = /aː(ɹ)/ (as in 'far' - no need for the accent as there's no /æ(ɹ)/ to worry about)
- Or or = /ɔː(ɹ)/ (as in 'north')
- Er er = /ɛə(ɹ)/ (as in 'chair')
- Ur ur = /ɜː(ɹ)/~/ə(ɹ)/ (as in 'nurse')
- Úr úr = /ʊə(ɹ)/ (as in 'tour')
- Iur iur = /ɪə(ɹ)/~/ɪ(ɹ)/ (as in 'near')
- Iúr iúr = /jʊə(ɹ)/ (as in 'cure')
Although
iur is the preferred spelling for the /ɪə(ɹ)/~/ɪ(ɹ)/ sound,
ir is an acceptable alternate spelling. All other rhotic vowel sequences are represented by appending the letter 'r' at the end of the vowel, e.g. /oʊɹ/ =
our.
Also, these digraphs only apply when they stand alone or come before consonants. Should a vowel follow it, the 'r' is considered as part of a 2nd syllable with the following vowel instead. Hence, /baɹəl/ is spelt 'bárul' with an accent on the 'a' (syllabified as /ba/ + /ɹəl/) while /bæɹəl/ is spelt 'barul' with no accent.
Defining the consonant letters
For most consonant letters, their pronunciations are the same as in normal English orthography: ⟨R⟩ = /ɹ/, ⟨P⟩ = /p/, etc. Pretty straightforward.
This leaves us with the 3 'redundant letters' of the Latin script: ⟨C⟩, ⟨Q⟩ and ⟨X⟩. What to do with them?
⟨C⟩ was pretty straightforward: it will not be pronounced as /s/ or /k/ depending on context anymore. Instead, in YAAEO, ⟨C⟩ solely represents the /tʃ/ sound in 'change', as in Malay and Indonesian orthography. For instance: 'contact' -> 'kontakt', 'celebrate' -> 'selubreit', 'cheese' -> 'cyz'. It might seem strange at first, but one can think of this as the 'ch' digraph without the 'h'.
- C c = /tʃ/ (as in 'change')
⟨Q⟩ will stay, but it shall only be used for personal and brand names - in English language words, all instances of ⟨Q⟩ (e.g. 'queue') are replaced with ⟨K⟩ as its sound is already represented with ⟨K⟩.
The letter ⟨X⟩ is used as a contraction of ⟨KS⟩, just as in normal English words like 'box' and 'complex' (komplex).
- X x = /ks/, /gz/ (as in 'box')
Handling consonants without their own letters
Still, there are 5 more consonants that don't have a letter of their own. To represent these letters, simple modifications were added to existing letters such that they are easy to integrate into handwriting.
The velar nasal /ŋ/ is one of the most common sounds in English without its own letter and is almost always represented with the digraph 'ng'. ⟨Ŋ⟩ shall be used as it visually integrates well with the other Latin letters and can easily be interpreted as the end result of slurring the lowercase letters 'n' and 'g' together in handwriting.
/θ/ and /ʃ/ are represented by appending a cedilla diacritic ¸ to the bottom of the ⟨T⟩ and ⟨S⟩ letters respectively. While using the caron ˇ would be equally effective, I settled on the cedilla as it can be made to easily flow from the downward strokes of both ⟨T⟩ and ⟨S⟩ in handwriting. For /θ/, I did consider reviving the 'thorn' letter ⟨þ⟩ from Old English but decided against doing so since it has no obvious relation with either ⟨b⟩ or ⟨p⟩, which ⟨þ⟩ strongly resembles to the unacquainted.
- Ţ ţ = /θ/ (as in 'thank')
- Ş ş = /ʃ/ (as in 'share')
/ð/ is represented by the ⟨D⟩ letter with a stroke, since handwriting this letter in lowercase is as simple as writing the top half of ⟨t⟩ before writing the bottom half of ⟨d⟩ in the same manner as ⟨a⟩.
/ʒ/ is represented by a dot above the letter ⟨Z⟩, since it was the least attention-grabbing diacritic I could find. I would have chosen Z with a cedilla for consistency with the letters for /θ/ and /ʃ/, but given that Unicode does not have a dedicated character for that combination and /ʒ/ is a relatively uncommon sound to begin with, this will do.
- Ż ż = /ʒ/ (as in 'azure')
Letters
Now that all phonemes have been assigned, here's a table of all the letters and digraphs used in YAAEO.
Consonants
| | | | |
| /p/ p (port) | /b/ b (born) | /f/ f (free) | /v/ v (van) | /m/ m (master) |
| /t/ t (test) | /d/ d (done) | /θ/ ţ (thank) | /ð/ đ (the) | /n/ n (new) |
| /k/ k (call) | /g/ g (get) | . | . | /ŋ/ ŋ (sing) |
| /s/ s (soon) | /z/ z (zoo) | /ʃ/ ş (share) | /ʒ/ ż (azure) | . |
| /tʃ/ c (change) | /dʒ/ j (joke) | . | . | . |
| /w/ w (way) | /ɹ/ r (run) | /l/ l (laugh) | /j/ y (yell) | /h/ h (house) |
Vowels
| |
| /a/~/ʌ/ á (sun) | /æ/ a (can) |
| /ɛ/ e (red) | /ə/~/ɜ/ u (sure) |
| /ɪ/ i (bid) | /iː/ y (bead) |
| /ɔ/ o (pot) | /ɔː/ oo (bought) |
| /ʊ/ ú (pull) | /uː/ oú (pool) |
Diphthongs
| |
| /aɪ/ ai (high) | /aʊ/ au (now) |
| /ɔɪ/ oi (toy) | /oʊ/ ou (dough) |
| /eɪ/ ei (say) | /ɪə/ iu (hear) |
| /ʊə/ úu (tour) | /ju/ iú, yú (use) |
Note that /ju/ comes in 2 different forms. The 2nd form is only to be used when it begins a syllable - the 1st form is used in all other cases.
| Phoneme | 1st form | 2nd form |
| /ju/ | /dju/ = diú | /ju/ = yú |
Triphthongs
| |
| /aɪə/ aiu (flyer) | /aʊə/ auu (tower) |
| /jʊə/ iúu (cure) | . |
Rhotic vowel sequences
| |
| /aː(ɹ)/ ar (far) | /ɔː(ɹ)/ or (north) |
| /ɛə(ɹ)/ er (chair) | /ɜː(ɹ)/~/ə(ɹ)/ ur (nurse) |
| /ʊə(ɹ)/ úr (tour) | . |
| /ɪə(ɹ)/~/ɪ(ɹ)/ iur (near) | /jʊə(ɹ)/ iúr (cure) |
Special contractions
In addition to ⟨X⟩, YAAEO uses ⟨NK⟩ to write what would otherwise be written as ⟨ŊK⟩, as in normal English spelling.
| |
| /ks/, /gz/ x (box) | /ŋk/ nk (bank) |
Miscellaneous letters and digraphs
These can be used for transcribing particular accents of English.
| |
| /ʍ/ ẇ (what) | /aː/ aa (father) |
- ẇ is to be used if the 1st consonant in 'what' (/ʍ/) and 'way' (/w/) needs to be distinguished.
- aa is to be used if the 1st vowel in 'son' (/a/~/ʌ/) and 'father' (/aː/) needs to be distinguished. (Normally, both will be written as á)
Letter ordering
There are 2 ways to order the letters of the YAAEO alphabet: the 'traditional' ABC order and my custom linguistically-based PBF order.
Traditional ABC-based order
The additional letters are placed after the base letter from which they were derived from.
Hence the order shall be: A Á B C D Đ E F G H I J K L M N Ŋ O P Q R S Ş T Ţ U Ú V W X Y Z Ż.
Custom PBF order
I also devised a letter ordering inspired by those in South and Southeast Asian scripts such as Devanagari and Khmer that groups letters based on the linguistic features of their sounds: (1) bilabial consonants, (2) alveolar consonants, (3) velar consonants (including X and Q), (4) sibilants, (5) affricates, (6) approximants + glottal consonants, and (7) vowels.
The PBF order, including groups, shall be: P B F V M, T D Ţ Đ N, K G X Q Ŋ, S Z Ş Ż, C J, W R L Y H, Á A E I U O Ú.
Examples
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Yúnivursul Deklureişun of Hiúmun Raits Ol hiúmun byŋs ar born fry and ikúul in digniti and raits. Đei ar endaud wiţ ryzun and konşuns and şúd akt towurds wán unáđur in u spirit of bráđurhúd.
(Artikul 1 of đi Yúnivursul Deklureişun of Hiúmun Raits)
Excerpt from a short story I wrote a while ago
For comparison, you can view the original one here. Ai had u streinj drym đat nait.
In đat drym, Ai faund maiself uweikuniŋ, laiiŋ on soft gryn grás, in u fantusi 8-bit wurld suraundud bai kompiúturs. Đu lúminuns of blinkiŋ moudems and worm, ciurfúl ciptiún miúzik fild đi er. Olđou evriţiŋ lúkd bloki and skwer, it broot mi bak tú đouz deis. Of ol đu kompiúturs Ai soo, 1 of đem wus pleiiŋ mai feivrut soŋ! Ai jámp and lyp in joi ouvur đu sait. Ai đen soo mai haus, and Ai sed “Hai” tú mai best meits, hú wur weitiŋ autsaid. Wi wookd túgeđur, haviŋ u ciuri cat ubaut đu kompiútur geim Ai wus wurkiŋ on urliur.
“Sou wáts đat kúl geim goná bi ubaut, ei?” wán of đem áskd. “If yú luvd Máriou, yúl luv đis!” Ai sed. “Oosum!!! Kant weit tú si it!” Insaid mi đu faiur tú kyp mi gouiŋ bikeim stroŋgur.
Wi wookd intú u vivid sánset. Ai reminisd đu memoris of pást sámurs, pleiiŋ retrou vidiou geims in đu kúl şeid, ivun đou đu sán autsaid pykd at 42 digrys and meltud evriţiŋ els.
More examples
These are clippings of random quotes from English literature and famous English-speaking politicians, re-rendered in YAAEO.
- "It wus đu best of taims, it wus đu wurst of taims, it wus đi eij of wizdum, it wus đi eij of foúlişnus, it wus đi epuk of bilyf, it wus đi epuk of inkridiúliti, it wus đu syzun of lait, it wus đu syzun of darknus, it wus đu spriŋ of houp, it wus đu wintur of disper." [1]
- "Far betur it is tú der maiti ţiŋs, tú win glorius traiumfs, ivun đou cekurd bai feiliur, đan tú teik rank wiţ đouz púr spirits hoú nyđur enjoi mác nor sáfur mác, bikoz đei liv in đu grei twailait đat nous nyđur vikturi nor difyt." [2]
- "Ai wántud yú tú si wát ryl kárij is, insted of getiŋ đi aidiu đat kárij is u man wiţ u gán in his hand. Its wen yú nou yúur likd bifor yú bigin bát yú bigin aniwei and yú si it ţrú nou matur wát." [3]
- "Hoúevur gávurns mást hav đat aiun in him. Or giv it áp. Đis is not u geim of kards! Đis is yor laif and main! Aiv spent u houl laiftaim bildiŋ đis and as loŋ as Aim in carj, noubádi is gouiŋ tú nok it daun." [4]
- "Wai did yú dú ol đis for mi?" hi áskd. "Ai dont dizurv it. Aiv nevur dán aniţiŋ for yú." "Yú hav byn mai frend," riplaid Carlutt. "Đat in itself is u trimendus ţiŋ." [5]
- "If yú kanot ryd ol yor búks... fondul đem - piur intú đem, let đem fol oupun wer đei wil, ryd from đu furst sentuns đat urests đi ai, set đem bak on đu şelvs wiţ yor oun hands, ureinj đem on yor oun plan sou đat yú at lyst nou wer đei ar. Let đem bi yor frends; let đem, at ani reit, bi yor ukweintunsus." [6]
- "It wus on đu furst dei of đu Niú Yiur đat đi unaunsmunt wus meid, olmoust simulteiniusli from ţry obzurvutoris, đat đu mouşun of đu planut Neptiún, đi auturmoust of ol đu planuts đat wyl ubaut đu sán, had bikám veri iratik. Ogilvy had olredi kold utenşun tú u suspektud ritardeişun in its vulositi in Disembur. Sác u pys of niús wus skersli kálkiúleitud tú intrust u wurld đu greitur porşun of hoús inhabitunts wer ánuwer of đi ixistuns of đu planut Neptiún, nor autsaid đi astrunomikul prufeşun did đu sábsikwunt diskávuri of u feint rimout spek of lait in đu ryjun of đu purturbd planut kooz ani veri greit ixaitmunt. Saiuntifik pypul, hauevur, faund đi intelijuns rimarkubul ináf, ivun bifor it bikeim noun đat đu niú bodi wus rapidli grouiŋ larjur and braitur, đat its mouşun wus kwait difrunt from đi ordurli prougres of đu planuts, and đat đu diflekşun of Neptiún and its satulait wus bikámiŋ nau of an ánpresiduntud kaind." [7]
- "Đer is u glorius reinbou đat bekuns đouz wiţ đu spirit of advencur. And đer ar ric faindiŋs at đi end of đat reinbou. Tú đu yáŋ and đu not toú ould, Ai sei lúk at đu huraizun, faind đat reinbou, gou raid it. Not ol wil bi ric; kwait u fiú wil faind u vein of gould; bát ol hoú purşú đat reinbou wil hav u joius and exilireitiŋ raid and sám profit." [8]
The Tower of Babel
This text is widely used by DIY language-crafters ('conlangers') to showcase the languages they have created. Here is what it looks like in YAAEO:
Niú Kiŋ Jeims Baibul (1982): Đu Tauur of Beibul [9] Nau đu houl urţ had wán laŋgwij and wán spyc. And it keim tú pás, as đei jurnid from đu yst, đat đei faund u plein in đu land of Şinar, and đei dwelt đer. Đen đei sed tú wán unáđur, “Kám, let ás meik briks and beik đem ţáruli.” Đei had brik for stoun, and đei had asfolt for mortur. And đei sed, “Kám, let ás bild aurselvs u siti, and u tauur hoús top is in đu hevuns; let ás meik u neim for aurselvs, lest wy bi skaturd ubrod ouvur đu feis of đu houl urţ.” Bát đu Lord keim daun tú si đu siti and đu tauur wic đu sáns of men had bilt. And đu Lord sed, “Indyd đu pypul ar wán and đei ol hav wán laŋgwij, and đis is wát đei bigin tú dú; nau náţiŋ đat đei propouz tú dú wil bi wiţheld from đem. Kám, let Ás gou daun and đer konfiúz đer laŋgwij, đat đei mei not ándurstand wán unáđurs spyc.” Sou đu Lord skaturd đem ubrod from đer ouvur đu feis of ol đi urţ, and đei sysd bildiŋ đu siti. Đerfor its neim is kold Beibul, bikoz đer đu Lord konfiúsd đu laŋgwij of ol đi urţ; and from đer đu Lord skaturd đem ubrod ouvur đu feis of ol đi urţ.