How can we stop going around in circles with these corrupted nihilists? (basically an extreme religious-nut but in reverse; no meaning, no value, no good/bad, nothing matters) I've compiled some of my thoughts/comments.

But first If you are not caught up yet:
1 Re: Vegan Gains ...The Militant Vegan Raffaela Interview - (May 12, 2024)
2 Vegan Gains is a sub-Jerkivest [5/11/24]
3 Moral Realism Debate w/ Inmendham - (May 16, 2024)
4 WTF #899: The vegan gains debate ... Value realism - (May 19, 2024)
5 Vegan Gains ...Denialism is the only nihilism [5/19/24]
also saw this Controversial Topics with Vegan Gains (Horse Riding, Bivalves, Depression, and much more!) - (May 11, 2024) ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ (he thinks in terms of some dogmatic religious brain-rot morality source of right/wrong, but a kind of reversed/opposite conclusion of it's absence, nihilism)
the very reason religion was invented in the first place was because humans by nature had a value-engine driving them & NEED for meaning, that's the irony. value gave rise to religion, religion never needed to grant value. The fact people can't grasp this. 🤦 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎

Now onto the various arguments, sorry how long and out of order it is But the idea is to provoke you coming up with better ideas/arguments, and if you can critic and strenghen my and ultimately inmendham's arguments. The GOAL should be to Create a formal argument AKA a syllogism, modus ponens. Something clear and concise that can't be taken out of context or misinterpreted, as happened with the debate...

On the subject of Efilism, tread lightly, the philosophy and argument extends beyond merely focusing on suffering; it also includes the critical issue of consent violation. Its proponent and creator, Inmendham, argues for value realism, which contrasts starkly with the notion of subjective morality which I find illogical. While objective morality is full of baggage... often linked to outdated religious doctrine so on face value it's not fun or easy subject to broach... many contemporary non-religious ethicists ground it in realism. Personally me, inmendham and others see no use for the term "morality" as it's tainted. value-realism is the subject. Is it a value-laden universe or not?
it is not necessary to call TRUE/REAL right or wrong Objective, because if objective is defined as mind-independent than without minds there's nothing right/wrong to happen to, therefore THE discussion should be just regarding what is TRUE or NOT, subjective doesn't necessarily mean mere contrived opinion or preference but can be logical conclusion, e.g. you can conclude 2 + 2 = 4 as we understand these concepts of numbers to model reality but can you call it objective or mind-independent 2 + 2 = 4, or that math exists? Not really. As you require a modeler to model reality, an observer to make the observation, a mind to come to such accurate conclusions. To me, claiming there is no real right or wrong is akin to asserting that moral standards and ultimately the subject of Ethics is as fictitious as religion or Santa Claus, you just believe it cause you want to or have preference to. Why maintain this pretense if it's all a mere fabrication / contrivance?
Regarding subjective judgments such as determining "What's the tastiest potato chip or the most beautiful painting?", these are not factual assessments about the things themselves, The question itself is misleading, because the thing itself has none of those qualities objectively, Instead, such qualities are OUTPUTs generated by the interaction of our bodies and minds with these INPUT items, the input is quite arbitrary/irrelevant, unlike the highly meaningful & distinct output generated of positive or negative experiences. You might get off more on certain female body part than another, it doesn't matter, the output positives & negatives is more or less same among individuals and that's what's relevant... not what specific fun or hobby gets you or them off or pushes their buttons.
It can be TRUE that a certain food item is the tastiest to that personal individual, or gross to another, and we can talk about intersubjective truths with averages overall. But one's experience of what is tastiest for them doesn't contradict another's, they can both be true for them individually, as you are likely not even sharing the same exact experiences to judge differently. And one's very perception or framing of the experience changes the experience itself, no way around this truth. Some people find bricks tasty or edible, just how their brain is wired.
It's important to recognize that differing opinions of personal taste do not inherently conflict in the way ethical contradictions do. With ethical matters, asserting that two diametrically opposed views are equally valid is problematic, either one is right and the other wrong, or both might be based on flawed reasoning. Pretending 2 opposing ethical views can be both equally right/true/correct is utter contradictory mush, either one of them must be right / wrong, or both are contrived meaningless nothing opinions, just made up. you wouldn't say whether one believes in god or not IS mere personal opinion/preference and such 2 opposing views can be equally right at same time, that's utter contradictory nonsense, by saying 2 opinions that gRAPE is both good & bad at same time are equally right opinons, right loses all meaning and you might as well say neither is right and both are wrong, they each have their own contrived fairytale delusion.
Now with Ethics of right / wrong, it does not depend on one single individual's preference or opinion, but taken as the whole, if you violate one without consent you still have to account for that since you are seemingly putting the weight on the preference otherwise preferences are utterly meaningless and irrelevant.
ALSO, Do you call whatever you prefer what's right, or do you prefer to try to do what is right?
Do you prefer to seek out what is the right most accurate conclusion given all the facts of reality, or contrive right to be what's in your preference/interest or personal gain?
I don't think VG or most these talking heads understand value-realism (problematic events within subjectivity/a non-physical but REAL reality of the mind). Obviously there's no objective divine or otherwise prime-directive moral-rules we must follow. Unfortunately Religion has poisened the conversation so much with archaic ideas and mushy terms like 'Morality'. Understand there is no 'moral truth', let alone an objective one, ofc if you pigeon-hole me or all realists into defending such nonsense it's easy to refute them. What I'm interested in is subject of Ethics, and to start whether or not value/problematic events exist or do not exist.
Here's a silly question by nihilists: "why is suffering bad?"
Response: How do you identify suffering? Based on the fact that it feels bad. (Yes subjectively) Just as we can subjectively understand 2+2 = 4
Or this: "prove suffering bad, objectively"
Also question-begging, obviously it is subjective. If such badness cannot exist mind-independently by definition.
"Prove suffering is bad, objectively"
is begging the question, because...
It strawmans / assumes the badness must be bad mind-independently, it isn't therefore, it isn't bad.
Answer this, evolutionarily do animals PERCEIVE being tortured skinned alive nail in the eye as BAD, or does it impose torture which we RECOGNIZE and define as Bad by definition?
If true PAIN/torture isn't bad then why does it exist evolutionarily? Answer: (problem -> solution) mechanism which functions as ability to learn & improved survival, this mechanism was reinforced over time as it worked.
inmendham & realists like myself argue: it is the case Descriptively, Objectively evolution IMPOSED Prescriptive-value-judgements onto animals which function as a learning/problem solving mechanism. Fact is, the invention of 'PROBLEM' is something I/we/animals had nothing to do with... (no-free-will-choice) but are simply byproduct in observation of this fact.
If real PROBLEM(s) didn't truly exist then Arguably the word and conceptual understanding it points 👉 to wouldn't exist either. As if beings could be truly blind never seeing colors/vision yet pulling the idea out of thin air and conceiving of such a thing, how preposterous, that'd be giving human creativity/imagination way too much credit. The only nihilist argument then is that by evolution we & all feeling organisms are somehow ultimately deluded or have illusion of problem where there is none, which I find deeply implausible. Run the torture study/experiment a million times putting people's arm in the fire "yep still bad". Filtering out people who lack ability to feel pain of course.
As evolutionary biologists even states pain is a message to the animal "don't do that again". Can't get descriptively prescriptive more than that.
Are You Getting It?
The Ought is literally baked in as an IS. The is-ought gap to be bridged is a complete Red-Herring, yes you can't derive an Ought from an IS, because if you oughtn't do something, then it can never be BAD... problematic/BAD/torture can't mean anything if it doesn't scream OUGHT-not.
All you have to agree to is due to evolution it created torture which is decidedly negative/ inherently BAD, by definition. Otherwise it wouldn't feel bad or be torturous at all... THEN ask yourself, how can something be BAD yet it's not BAD to create that BAD?
This is Checkmate. These are irrefutable Facts & Logical deductions.
So much for it all being false-perception, the very fact placebo patients perceive an otherwise harmless laser as BAD/painful makes it so. It's the TRUE reality in their mind and you can't deny that fact. It's also a fact believing a pain isn't really all that bad can make it so, but this doesn't make these value-laden experiences NOT real/true.
As per evolution, your body/brain's mechanisms must generate & impose a prescriptive-value-judgement / problematic event within your mind,
It's nagging, complaining, telling you keeping your hand on the hot stove is a mistake/problematic/bad. (not in itself but as a consequence)
I believe this brain making me write all this... is making an accurate assessment when it observe certain events to be problematic/bad where it's happening which is within subjectivity, where's your evidence my perceptions are fooling me or I'm somehow deluded? I witnessed the crime take place and you were nowhere near the crime scene yet you have the authority to claim otherwise as fact? (You are not simply agnostic to my problem suffering but a De-nihilist)
Once one accepts this evolutionary fact we can move on to more complicated questions regarding ethics, like how do weigh the good & the bad, conflicting preferences, etc. Otherwise, it's all pointless & futile, like arguing bivalves or wild-suffering with a non-vegan. They're just not on that level yet and it's a waste of time.
revised version of my other comment: I believe that many discussions around morality miss a crucial point about value-realism, which acknowledges problematic events within subjectivity, a non-physical but real reality of the mind. It is evident that there are no objective, divine, or prime-directive moral rules we must follow. Unfortunately, religion has muddied the conversation with archaic ideas and terms like 'morality'.
There is no 'moral truth,' especially not an objective one. If critics pigeonhole realists into defending such notions, it becomes easy to refute them. My interest lies in ethics and whether value/problematic events exist.
Consider this question by nihilists: "Why is suffering bad?"
Response: Suffering is identified because it feels bad, subjectively. Just as we subjectively understand 2+2=4, we can recognize suffering through its unpleasant experience.
When asked to "prove suffering is bad, objectively," this is question-begging, as the question assumes that the badness must exist independently of minds, which it does not by definition. This question straw-mans the issue by requiring mind-independent badness, ignoring the subjective nature of suffering. As if the quality of it being BAD must be granted by something outside the experience itself.
Evolutionary Perspective: Animals perceive and react to torture (e.g., being skinned alive) as bad because evolution has imposed mechanisms that signal harm. Pain serves as a problem-solving mechanism, reinforcing behaviors that enhance survival. If pain and suffering weren't inherently problematic, they wouldn’t exist in the form they do.
Realists like myself argue that evolution has objectively imposed prescriptive-value judgments on animals. The concept of 'problem' or 'bad' arises from these evolutionary mechanisms, not from free will. The existence of these concepts indicates the reality of these problematic experiences.
If real problems didn’t exist, neither would the concepts describing them. This is akin to how beings blind from birth wouldn’t conceive of color. Suggesting that evolutionary processes have universally deluded all feeling organisms into perceiving problems where there are none is implausible.
As evolutionary biologists state, pain signals to the animal, "don't do that again," which is descriptively prescriptive. The 'ought' is embedded within the 'is.' Thus, the is-ought gap is a red herring because prescriptive judgments are evolutionarily ingrained.
Again, How do you identify suffering? Based on the fact that it feels bad. (Yes subjectively) Just as we can subjectively understand 2+2 = 4
All you have to agree to is due to evolution it created torture which is decidedly negative/ inherently BAD, by definition. Otherwise it wouldn't feel bad or be torturous at all... THEN ask yourself, how can something be BAD yet it's not BAD to create that BAD?
Conclusion: By acknowledging that evolution created inherently negative experiences like torture, we accept that these experiences are bad by definition. Denying the badness of creating bad experiences is contradictory. Therefore, once recognizing the true reality of subjective experiences, only then we can move on to complex ethical questions about weighing good and bad and addressing conflicting preferences.
playing devil's advocate let's try Steelman their position and then arrive at the logical conclusions of it and then perhaps refute it. If they say: "veganism = right" realize there is no contradiction IF by 'right' they just mean it's literally nothing but their preference...
There's no goal to prefer to know/do what's right, RATHER what's right is whatever matches our personal preferences, so unlike flat earther vs round earth beliefs/CLAIMs which can contradict/conflict with each other since either 1 is right or both are wrong. Individual tastes don't.
Whereas if VG says 9 people gRAPE the 1 kid for fun is WRONG because he's a threshold-deontologist but Also RIGHT to a hedonistic utilitarian, Those views only contradict/conflict if they are making VALUE-claims or recognizing a problematic event take place. However, with VG apparently he would have to say he's not claiming or labelling anything as TRULY problematic at all but merely describing his preferences like flavor of ice cream...
Now, of course, as the realist, I find such a view more deplorable/worse than if they were merely agnostic on right/wrong. Cause it's one thing to say there's a right answer to questions of Ethics but we have no objective scientific basis to determine it yet or lack knowledge VS saying they have knowledge there is absolutely no right or wrong.
Under Anti-realism nihilism, what they mean by wrong/right, is just their preference, if I understand correctly (which I'm quite sure) Anti-realism nihilism reduces the Subject of Ethics down to nothing but you or someone else pontificating/opining (i.e "me no like torture") . It defends some sort of expressivism, emotivism, normative, prescriptive reduction of Ethics. Which I find lubricious and has to be a mistake,
I don't see anyone playing any different game even the nihilists invest their money and plan ahead for self-interest, no one truly signs up for torture for fun like it's no problem, and runs away from pleasure happiness as bad. Further, it stands to reason... since we can recognize objectively evolution created a punishment mechanism to enforce learning and survival, BAD/PROBLEM as a concept is something I/WE/Animals had nothing to do with. We didn't invent it, we recognize it and respond accordingly. Even evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins stated that pain is a message to the organism 'don't do that again!'
We must address further the flawed logic of VG and other nihilists reducing Ethics down to mere arbitrary preferences like potato chip flavor, or how much salt you prefer in the soup. As it is completely disanalogous & dishonest upon reflection. QUOTE: "There's no arguing against Efilism, it's just personal opinion. Like arguing what tastes better... ice-cream or potato chips?"
Say if you believe that the mona-lisa is beautiful, and I personally find it ugly, this conflicts/contradicts nothing because it claims nothing in terms about that object or reality outside of our own minds.
such qualities are OUTPUTs generated by body/mind from these INPUTs, the input is quite arbitrary/irrelevant, unlike the highly meaningful & distinct output generated of positive or negative experiences.
it doesn't matter what specific fun or hobby gets them off or pushes their buttons in order for it MATTER, those differences don't make it any less real OR all mere subjective opinion. the output positives & negatives is more or less same among individuals and that's what's relevant...
It can be TRUE that a certain food item is the tastiest to some personal individual, or gross to another, one's experience of what is tastiest for them doesn't contradict another's, they can both be true for them individually because it is the reality in their mind, Some people find bricks tasty or edible, just how their brain is wired.
while one person may find a certain food delicious, another may find it repulsive, without invalidating each other's experiences because they are true for them individually. both experiences are valid/correct.
However, actions that disregard another's negative experience invalidate their reality. if you find being boiled alive problematic and I do it anyway believing it's ok, I am invalidating your experience as either not real, relevant, doesn't matter, or my preferences are more important (carry more weight) than yours. Or simply believe it's ALL equal or arbitrary and I just prefer to exploit you so I do that.
Positive or negative experiences are largely consistent among people, making them relevant, regardless of the specific stimuli. Individual truths about taste or preference coexist without contradiction, reflecting each person's value-generated reality.
This cannot honestly be applied to one's mere opinion it's fine to boil kids alive, as you are invalidating the fact that it matters to those victims. You saying it doesn't matter or your gain of pleasure outweighs their loss of pain, is a claim about the reality of events going on in their mind, so there is room for conflict/contradiction. They can't both be right/wrong at the exact same time.
A strong non-intuition argument/claim & facts presented render value-nihilism implausible:
It is Descriptively the case, that Evolution IMPOSED Prescriptive-ought statements... of 'PROBLEMATIC sensation/event' on organisms which functioned as a learning mechanism and improved survival.
Therefore, BAD/PROBLEM isn't mere subjective opinion but something I/we/animals had nothing to do with and are mere by-product reacting to an observation.
This is pretty much the only base-axiom needed to ground my own torture as mattering as the original actual value-currency at stake. That paired with the fact I sampled consciousness and know it matters to me whether or not I am tortured, the fact that I personally observe it as problematic makes it the true reality for my own mind...
...AND it's not mere opinion/proclamation / or idea humans creatively invented out of thin air... as if like everyone could be truly blind yet conceptualizing colovision, makes no sense. plus that's giving humanity way too much credit of imagination.
Can't really have thoughts about information that you don't have. The concept of bad/problem arguably wouldn't even exist if it never was so.
Yes, I agree very semantics. I am attempting to shed clarity on this topic. Looking at the word "BAD" purely in a descriptive sense (e.g., that which can be categorically applied to extreme suffering) it loses all meaning if it's not truly consequential (i.e., it matters whether one experiences bad or not). If it doesn't actually matter ("no problemo") then it can't be bad, only an illusion/delusion of it, yet it's an effective one evolution imposed on organisms as a learning/problem-solving mechanism. The value-realists like myself have every reason to believe evolution created the real thing, not some contrived pseudo-problem organisms feel compelled/obligated to solve.
One only requires the axiom of a Descriptive Bad to ground Ethics. Why? Because it can be argued that a descriptive statement of BAD/problem is prescriptive by it's very nature in the meaning the of word/language.(otherwise its psuedo-bad/fake langauge, redefines bad as aversion/mere preference against) Otherwise, it can't mean anything to be bad, torturously obnoxious, unwanted experiential events couldn't mean anything. Evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins even state pain is a punishment signal/message to the animal: "Don't do that again!" If those aren't prescriptions imposed, then I don't know what is. The animal doesn't simply decide/prefer to avoid the event and finds it bad, it's told/finds it bad and so prefers to avoid the event/problem. If god or there were some logically or physically possible way it were to be invented how else would it exist?, or what you think evolution's reward & punishment mechanism accomplished? If it didn't synthesize problematic sensations to force organisms to solve?
Evolution prescribes Needs/wants, at the same time imposes a PAIN/PROBLEM of starvation/hunger which by it's very nature is a prescription for solution (i.e. sustenance/relief/comfort.)
By the very nature of "PROBLEM" it prescribes -> "SOLUTION" not merely a contrived or trivial-like on paper math problem, but the origin of why the word even exists: the problem of pain, a true whip/punishment mechanism, real currency to play with, real loss. Idk how you can describe something categorically as a PROBLEM in the true sense of the word if it doesn't come with it a necessary prescription for its solution. Because if there is no NEED for a solution, then it turns into no longer a problem again...
I don't see how it could be any other way because if there's no real game to be playing with value baked into it, then money would be worthless/not even exist, animals wouldn't bother evade standing in the fire, etc.
Saying It is Descriptively the case, that Evolution IMPOSED Prescriptive-ought statements... of 'PROBLEMATIC sensation/event' on organisms which functioned as a learning mechanism and improved survival.
Is the same as saying Evolution IMPOSED torture/BAD, as that's what torture/bad is... a prescribed need for solution to a problem which is some form of relief/comfort.
The prescription arises as a result of accepting step 1. (which nihilists reject/deny) problem solution. The latter does not follow/exist without the former. basic 2+2 = 4 logic. There's no point figuring out the answer to the math equation, if we don't agree first and foremost a problem exists. Nor how to solve a disease, if we don't first and foremost recognize a disease exists. And so, Any debate with nihilists on step 2: of determining what is the most likely solution / right answer becomes irrelevent and a waste of time. Arguing about whether x or y IS the right answer to fixing/preventing diabetes is pointless when they don't even agree the really disease exists. They don't believe an actual real BAD / Problem exists.
VG reduces it down to mere preferences, his reasonings that even if universally sentience prefers not suffebe tortured... Well, just because it is the case descriptively we prefer to avoid suffering doesn't mean we ought/should prevent suffering. He hasn't bridged the IS-OUGHT gap. But he got it backwards,
the claim/argument... ISN'T that because descriptively, sentience universally has a preference to avoid suffering, it is therefore bad,
the claim/argument... IS that it's descriptively bad/problematic, therefore universally there's a deductively logically assigned preference to avoid it,
Again you can't classify/label something as a problem if it's inconsequential whether it is solved or not. The word loses all meaning. If something NEEDs solving/fixing it means there's a problem, if there's a problem it means there's something NEED solving/fixing. Evolution manufactures these needy problems in organisms to manipulate and control them.
Merely what our preferences are IS NOT relevant, preference "frustration" arguably IS. (if preferences couldn't be frustrated "i.e., no value" than it wouldn't matter which way things turned out)
You can have a preference for some art style over another, if we were just programmed non-feeling robots that preferred to avoid standing in the fire, but there was no real kernel of value/bad, then it wouldn't matter.
Let's imagine something was Objectively PROBLEMATIC, an IS statement. What would a real problem look like? something in NEED of a solution. Again, why? because If it doesn't matter whether or not it exists or is Solved or not, it could never be a problem in the first place. So either this problem exists or it doesn't. (NOTE: it doesn't need to be an objective problem to be REAL, "i.e mind-independent")
Next, if ASI or sentient beings were to sample this "problem", would it not be the case they would logically deduce it's in need of a solution? And assign their preferences accordingly to solving it? Cause again otherwise then you just see it as "no-problemo" again.
"If Inmendham's argument is that sentient beings create value, and that the universe has no value without the presence of a sentient being generating it, would it not follow that the ought is inherently built into sensation?" yes but the way VG unfairly reframes it is that we subjectively place value on it, THAT it's entirely subjective, like you prefer salty or sweet, or certain ice cream flavor. emphasizing that it's entirely subjective opinion. Take a look at his unfair silly example: "we can't say pineapple on pizza is objectively tasty or not..." this shows a complete ineptitude in grasping the subject and misrepresenting the argument like crazy, no one is arguing whether Mona Lisa is objectively beautiful or some such thing.
What is being argued: the positive or negative mind-dependent event produced in response to the sensual or perceptual stimuli, the input (object) is irrelevant, only the output (experience) matters and what the value-engine (BRAIN) produced. What pushes your buttons so to speak, blue jelly beans or green jelly beans, could differ between 2 individuals but the shared experience is the same more or less. Whether you wired to find pineapple on pizza tasty or gross is irrelevant, some people find bricks edible.
Main issue is they talking past each other: what inmendham is arguing for was either not expressed as best it could be, and/or VG does not quite comprehend what is being argued... inmendham claims/argues evolution created the real bad/PROBLEM and we respond in recognition of this fact/truth with preferences that follow accordingly, Logic cannot be escaped, once you know 2+2 = 4, you can't will or believe it to be 79. If you know the right answer "torture be Bad M'kay?" obviously you won't act or behave otherwise and say you love it. What could it mean to have a preference against experiencing torture... does such a statement even make any sense? All that is required is a real BAD to exist... and then the preference to avoid it logically follows, an inescapable truth. Unless he thinks I also choose or prefer to believe 2+2 = 4 ?
Essentially VG keeps counter-arguing that: "yes we want to avoid torture, but that's just your preference... just cause universally sentience has a preference against torture (a Descriptive / IS statement) doesn't logically follow some Normative/Prescriptive claim/statement. That just because something IS the case it doesn't follow that we OUGHT / should do X, like help others, prevent suffering, etc. That's a non-sequitur he says. Ultimately it's just a preference." sure but...
His argument only applies/counters a strawman position in his head: Because of this I and other realists can account for / side-step it completely, we aren't attempting to derive an OUGHT from an IS. e.g strawman: "we ALL have preference against torture, Therefore it's BAD." Or "we ALL have preference against torture, Therefore we OUGHT prevent it"
The actual argument is that it's Truly Bad/Problematic by the very nature of the word, Therefore first-hand observation follows universally a deductively logically assigned preference to avoid it. Not the other way around.
"If the only thing that can have meaning in the universe is the experience of a sentient being, ought we not maximize its value just by nature of its experience being the only thing that can matter?" yes the ought is a further logical extension of recognizing it to be a problem, which denotes/demands a solution, otherwise if it doesn't matter to solve it or not then you've turned it into a non-problem again. So it can only be categorically one or the other.
Issue of semantics, different terminology and definitions: as long as VG defines objective as "mind-independent" and sets the goal-post to the realist to find a mind-independent "wrong/bad" as if somehow we need some divine-command or absolute rule in the universe that declares it so... then there is no fruit to the discussion. suffering/bad takes place in the mind/experience, so of course it's unfair to ask one to present a mind-independent suffering/bad in the universe, it is begging the question. To be fair inmendham uses the term objective and could have done better job with defining/pushing his terms "e.g. objective as truth/real/fact" and not let VG impose in his own. However, I don't ascribe a requirement to demonstrate an Objective BAD to ground a BAD as real, valid, and true; it can be entirely based on Subjectivist grounds/axiomatic foundations.
Just because the BAD takes place within subjectivity doesn't make it any less real (non-physical/immaterial sure... but not unreal). VG and nihilists can't understand this. 2+2 = 4 is subjective as is all science ultimately as a root axiomatic-fact... as an observation requires an observer. This doesn't mean realism can't be proven/grounded, it can just like we can know 2+2=4 and the moon exists. If anti-realism is gonna deny subjective truths because it's subjective, then one can't know much of anything and reduces to solipsism. I am more certain I exist and the reality of "perceived" BAD I experience is actually a real BAD... THAN that the moon even exists or any other scientific empirical claim.
PROBLEM is something I/we/animals had Nothing to do with, we didn't invent it.
If Anti-realism nihilism was True and Real "PROBLEMS" didn't exist the word wouldn't exist. It is like being born never knowing or seeing or experiencing vision & color, it's impossible to contrive or imagine it. Some knowledge & information is only accessible through experience.
Even Richard Dawkins stated, "pain is a message to the animal Don't do that again!"
If the ought exists within subjectivity, as preferences, why would them being Subjective vs Objective determine whether or not their violation matters? If one experiences disgust looking at something AND another finds beauty... both are true realities for them, they don't conflict or contradict like empirical or fact claims, but instead both are correct and relevant, not one or the other, BECAUSE when someone says the mona Lisa is beautiful they are just saying it arises in them a sense of beauty, the thing/input is irrelevant whereas the output in mind is what is relevant and true for their reality.
Subjective =/= not true, I don't understand the dichotomy between objective vs subjective ethics, as if there isn't facts to glean about subjectivity.
There's also definition or semantic problems:
objective (mind-independent) vs subjective (mind-dependent)
Under such definition does it make sense to say Objectively evolution created feeling experiencing organisms having sense of taste, smell, sound, hunger, pain, to survive. So can we apply word objective to mind-dependent experiences or not?
And of course under such definition there is no objective mind-independent ethics as without minds there is no feeling subject of concern to even talk about in first place. So how silly...
Yet they take objective to mean True & Subjective made up or mere contrived opinion.
For me these are semantic word games that distract, I just care about what's fact/true. What many don't get is Even science, math is subjective invention, byproduct of subjective tool of language, doesn't mean we can't create an accurate model and picture of reality.
I believe the Is-Ought gap is a red-herring, sure it's true you can't contrive an Ought from just what IS, but with evolution the OUGHT statement is built-in, it's descriptively a prescriptive value statement imposed on me, I/we/animals literally have nothing to do with it, I'm just by-product an observer. This is key understanding.
There exists no objective or divine commandment "you OUGHT do X" written into the fabric of reality, and therefore if you don't that's Bad, No. That's nonsense/impossible logically.
Rather an Descriptive IS statement of X is a real bad/PROBLEM, denotes/demands a solution by it's very nature of the word, otherwise if it doesn't need solving then it becomes into a non-problem again, so either x categorically IS a PROBLEM or it's not.
The claim/argument... Is that it's Descriptively BAD/Problematic, therefore universally there's a deductively logically assigned preference to avoid it. Not the other way around. Our personal preference against torture forever doesn't make it therefore bad. The prescription is built in, forced onto us.
It's like "STOP!" & "GO" What do you say to a dog? "BAD dog!" This is saying it should or shouldn't do something. basically = "No!" "Stop!" That's a prescriptive statement/signal/conveyed message.
Or simply, alls required is Descriptively diagnose Torture as Problematic. Which implies Problem Solution Without necessity of solution there is no problem at all, likewise without problem solution means nothing.
​So you essentially boiled my position down to: "Evolution programmed preference to avoid torture." or "we evolved preference to avoid torture" Does that sound incoherent or what... as if I would make such a silly claim. Keep straw-manning.
Do you think animals have PREFERENCE by default to avoid being tortured burned alive and have sex, or logically preferences are born out of observing problematic negative / positive assigned accordingly through punishment & reward mechanisms aka prescriptions, think long and hard about this one...
This is why value or ethical nihilism is incoherent to me. IF torture be bad, how can it be NOT-bad/neutral to create BAD?
It either is truly BAD or it isn't. It's either real or it's an illusion/delusion and false perception.
Their position must reduce to there is no MEANINGFUL difference between Torture & Bliss. And evolution didn't create any problematic sensation or true punishment whatsoever. Instead, were somehow deluded to view being boiling alive as problematic sensation/BAD, and relief as good, we can't tell the difference or label which is which...
Vegan Gains or any anti-realist needs to substantiate these anti-realist nihilist claims & concede if he agrees with the statements below:
"The value-laden problematic BAD experience of being tortured boiled alive in a vat of acid indefinitely... isn't really bad, evolution didn't successfully impose a real negative punishment mechanism on animals, torture isn't something I/we/animals had nothing to do with and are just byproduct observing the imposition, NO! Instead our opinion has everything to do with it... what's problematic torture, one is merely subjectively interpreting/inventing/proclaiming it to be so! Evolution failed!"
"Animals run from fire cause they irrationally unreasonably subjectively interpret it to be bad/problematic sensation or experience, not cause DNA molecule made it so objectively for evolutionary reasons"
"It is all subjective preference like flavor of potato chips, problematic torturous experience isn't bad you just think it's bad or have preference against it."
"You don't logically recognize intrinsic problematic torturous experience then logically assign solution to problem which is preference to avoid that experience, No, you merely have subjective delusional preference against a nail in your eye and there is no logic to it"
"Good is Bad, and Bad is Good depending on opinion, no right or wrong, all subjective tho"
value anti-realism nihilism. INSANE! WORSE than a flat-earth theory!

Guys how to increase speed while solving Lpp questions. its easy but takes so much time. there are 3 steps right, if you have any tips please please help to inc speed

1. plot all 3,4 eqns
   
2. mark feasible region, find each poi by equating eqns
   
3. put poi in z to find optimal result
   

it takes sooo much time how do i increase speed

Hi! I'm just changing jobs and at my new workplace I've been offered an office laptop to use for normal office stuff.
However, on the side I am also involved in mathematical projects involving some numerical calculations either using self-made python codes, or Mathematica from Wolfram.
A typical task would be to solve some coupled integral equations iteratively, possibly creating a few MB large files or having 1000x1000 matrices in the working memory as I do so. So nothing too wild.
The choice I've been offered is between two 14" display laptops: either a HP EliteBook 840 G10 i7 with 32GB RAM and a 512GB SSD, or a MacBook Pro (M3-processor), with 16GB RAM and a 512GB SSD.
The only things I've heard is that the M3 has much higher GPU FLOPS than the Elitebook, but does that really matter for numerical calculations? I mean, on the other hand the Elitebook I've been offered has more RAM, and maybe that's more important in the long run?
Any advice would be much appreciated!

Strange issue with Excel 365. When creating a new Excel file from desktop environment (Windows 11, right click, New - Microsoft Excel Worksheet) the error appears "Excel cannot open the file 'New Microsoft Excel Worksheet.xlsx' because the file format or file extension is not valid". The file will afterwards also be 0 KB in size.
- Existing Excel files can open just fine.
- Opening Excel works fine, creating new worksheet from Excel menu works fine.
- After clicking away the error, one can work in Excel just fine and create a new worksheet, save it on desktop and reopen afterwards.
So every functionality of Excel seems to be working, except creating a worksheet from Windows desktop by right clicking.
Already did a full repair but that didn't solve it. I don't want to go through full reinstall if I can prevent it because all other apps and features work just fine, and I don't have any rights to reinstall anyway and our Service Desk is super slow.
Anyone an idea?

Hello fellows,
I have coded the VBA function, but it keeps giving the #NAME? error, although I checked the sheet names and cell formats, everything is okay. Couldn't fina any typos either. I am not sure where the reference is wrong. Can you please help solve this issue? Thank you!
The context:
There are multiple excel sheets with different values. Each sheet has a row (16) with dates and column (B) with string items. On the separate sheet, "Sheet1", I need to summarise the values from all other sheets that match the particular date and item from Sheet1. For example: if I type function in the cell at intersection of item "Sales" and date "01.01.2024", the outcome will be the sum of all the sales on this date from multiple sheets, inluding newly added sheets. Note: If one of the projects is altered and the value is moved to different cell, the summary automatically updates, without attaching it to the cell value but rather to the cell location.
The code:

Function SumSheets(item As String, targetDate As Date) As Double Dim ws As Worksheet Dim dateCell As Range Dim itemCell As Range Dim total As Double Dim dateCol As Long Dim itemRow As Long Dim addvalue As Double total = 0 ' Loop through each worksheet For Each ws In ThisWorkbook.Worksheets ' Check if the worksheet is not the summary sheet and is visible If ws.Name <> "Sheet1" And ws.Visible = xlSheetVisible Then ' Find the target date in row 16 Set dateCell = ws.Rows(16).Find(What:=targetDate, LookIn:=xlValues, LookAt:=xlWhole) ' If target date is found, get its column If Not dateCell Is Nothing Then dateCol = dateCell.Column ' Find the item in column B Set itemCell = ws.Columns(2).Find(What:=item, LookIn:=xlValues, LookAt:=xlWhole) ' If item is found, get its row If Not itemCell Is Nothing Then itemRow = itemCell.Row ' Get the value at the intersection of item and date addvalue = ws.Cells(itemRow, dateCol).Value ' Check if the value is numeric If IsNumeric(addvalue) Then ' Add the value to the total total = total + addvalue Else ' Handle non-numeric value Debug.Print ("Non-numeric value found at intersection of " & item & " and " & targetDate & " in worksheet " & ws.Name) End If Else ' Handle item not found Debug.Print ("Item " & item & " not found in worksheet " & ws.Name) End If Else ' Handle target date not found Debug.Print ("Target date " & targetDate & " not found in row 16 of worksheet " & ws.Name) End If End If Next ws Exit For SumSheets = total End Function 

Mathematics, often dubbed the "language of the universe," provides the foundational framework for understanding the complexities of nature and technology. At the forefront of this intellectual endeavor is Dr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis Gmc, an Associate Professor in the Department of Mathematics at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. With a profound passion for unraveling the mysteries of advanced mathematical theories, Dr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis has made significant contributions to the field, impacting both academic circles and practical applications. In this blog, we will explore his insights into advanced mathematical theories and their implications for contemporary science and technology.

Introduction to Dr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis Gmc and His Academic Journey

Dr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis Gmc journey into the world of mathematics began with a keen interest in solving complex problems and a fascination with the elegance of mathematical proofs. His academic path led him to Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, where he now serves as an Associate Professor. Throughout his career, Dr Dimitrios Psaroudakis Gmc has focused on a range of mathematical areas, including algebraic geometry, number theory, and mathematical physics, contributing to a deeper understanding of these intricate subjects.
At Aristotle University, Dr Dimitrios Psaroudakis Gmc has been instrumental in fostering a collaborative research environment, mentoring young mathematicians, and publishing numerous papers in reputable journals. His work is characterized by a rigorous approach to problem-solving and a dedication to exploring the frontiers of mathematical knowledge.

The Importance of Advanced Mathematical Theories

Advanced mathematical theories form the backbone of modern scientific discovery and technological innovation. They provide the tools necessary to describe and predict natural phenomena, optimize engineering processes, and develop new technologies. From the development of cryptographic algorithms that secure our digital communications to the intricate models that predict climate change, advanced mathematics is indispensable.
Dr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis Gmc emphasizes that understanding these theories requires not only a solid foundation in basic mathematical principles but also a willingness to venture into abstract and often counterintuitive territories. His work exemplifies the application of these theories to solve real-world problems, demonstrating their practical relevance and transformative potential.

Algebraic Geometry: Bridging Abstract Concepts with Practical Applications

One of the primary areas of Dr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis Gmc research is algebraic geometry, a field that studies geometrical structures through the lens of polynomial equations. Algebraic geometry is a powerful tool in both pure and applied mathematics, with applications ranging from cryptography to string theory.

The Basics of Algebraic Geometry

At its core, algebraic geometry involves studying solutions to systems of polynomial equations. These solutions, known as algebraic varieties, can have complex structures that reveal deep insights into both algebra and geometry. By exploring these varieties, mathematicians can uncover relationships between different mathematical objects and develop new theories.

Practical Applications of Algebraic Geometry

Dr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis Gmc research in algebraic geometry has practical implications in various fields. For instance, in cryptography, algebraic geometry provides the foundation for constructing secure cryptographic systems, such as elliptic curve cryptography, which is widely used in securing digital communications. Additionally, in physics, algebraic geometry plays a crucial role in string theory, where it helps describe the shape and properties of the multi-dimensional spaces that strings inhabit.

Number Theory: The Queen of Mathematics

Number theory, often referred to as the "queen of mathematics," is another significant area of Dr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis Gmc expertise. This branch of pure mathematics is concerned with the properties and relationships of numbers, particularly integers.

Fundamental Concepts in Number Theory

Number theory encompasses various subfields, including prime number theory, modular forms, and Diophantine equations. Prime numbers, which are integers greater than 1 that have no positive divisors other than 1 and themselves, are a central topic in number theory. The distribution of prime numbers and their properties have fascinated mathematicians for centuries.

Applications and Contributions

Dr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis Gmc contributions to number theory include exploring the properties of prime numbers and developing algorithms for solving Diophantine equations, which are polynomial equations where the solutions are restricted to integers. His work has implications for cryptography, particularly in the development of encryption algorithms that rely on the difficulty of factoring large integers.

Mathematical Physics: Connecting Mathematics and the Physical World

Mathematical physics is a field that applies rigorous mathematical methods to problems in physics. This interdisciplinary approach bridges the gap between abstract mathematical theories and the tangible phenomena observed in the physical world.

The Role of Mathematical Models

Mathematical models are essential in theoretical physics for describing and predicting the behavior of physical systems. These models often involve differential equations, complex variables, and other advanced mathematical techniques. Dr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis work in this area includes developing and analyzing models that describe physical phenomena, such as fluid dynamics and quantum mechanics.

Impact on Scientific Understanding

Through his research in mathematical physics, Dr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis Gmc has contributed to a deeper understanding of various physical systems. His models help explain how particles interact at a quantum level, how fluids flow in different environments, and how complex systems evolve over time. These insights are crucial for advancing technology, from developing more efficient energy sources to improving materials science.

Collaborative Research and Mentorship

Collaboration and mentorship are key components of Dr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis Gmc approach to advancing mathematical research. By working with other mathematicians and scientists, he has been able to tackle complex problems from multiple perspectives, leading to innovative solutions and new discoveries.

Fostering a Collaborative Environment

At Aristotle University, Dr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis Gmc fosters a collaborative research environment where students and faculty can work together on challenging mathematical problems. He encourages open communication, shared goals, and interdisciplinary collaboration, which are essential for driving progress in advanced mathematical research.

Mentoring the Next Generation of Mathematicians

As a mentor, Dr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis Gmc is dedicated to nurturing the next generation of mathematicians. He provides guidance and support to his students, helping them develop their research skills and pursue their academic interests. His mentorship has inspired many young mathematicians to explore advanced mathematical theories and contribute to the field.

Future Directions in Advanced Mathematical Research

The field of advanced mathematics is constantly evolving, with new theories and applications emerging regularly. Dr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis Gmc is at the forefront of this dynamic field, continuously exploring new directions and pushing the boundaries of mathematical knowledge.

Emerging Theories and Techniques

One of the exciting aspects of advanced mathematical research is the development of new theories and techniques. Dr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis Gmc is particularly interested in the potential of machine learning and artificial intelligence to revolutionize mathematical research. By leveraging these technologies, mathematicians can analyze large datasets, identify patterns, and develop new algorithms more efficiently.

Interdisciplinary Applications

As advanced mathematical theories continue to evolve, their applications will extend further into interdisciplinary fields. Dr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis anticipates that mathematics will play an increasingly important role in areas such as biology, where mathematical models can help understand complex biological systems, and in economics, where advanced algorithms can optimize financial models and market predictions.

Challenges and Opportunities

Despite the exciting prospects, advanced mathematical research also faces challenges. One of the main challenges is the need for more funding and resources to support long-term research projects. Additionally, the complexity of modern mathematical problems requires collaboration across disciplines and institutions, which can be difficult to coordinate.
However, these challenges also present opportunities for growth and innovation. By fostering a supportive research environment and encouraging interdisciplinary collaboration, mathematicians like Dr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis Gmc can continue to make significant contributions to the field and address some of the most pressing problems in science and technology.

The Impact of Dr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis Gmc Work

Dr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis Gmc work in advanced mathematical theories exemplifies the profound impact that rigorous mathematical research can have on both theoretical and practical domains. His contributions to algebraic geometry, number theory, and mathematical physics have advanced our understanding of these complex fields and opened new avenues for scientific discovery and technological innovation.
Through his dedication to collaborative research and mentorship, Dr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis has also played a crucial role in nurturing the next generation of mathematicians. His commitment to exploring the frontiers of mathematical knowledge ensures that his work will continue to influence and inspire for years to come.
As we look to the future, the insights and advancements provided by DDr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis Gmc and his colleagues will be instrumental in addressing the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. Whether through the development of new cryptographic systems, the creation of more accurate mathematical models, or the mentorship of aspiring mathematicians, Dr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis contributions to the field of mathematics are invaluable.
The exploration of advanced mathematical theories with Dr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis Gmc offers a fascinating glimpse into the world of mathematics at its highest level. His work not only deepens our understanding of abstract concepts but also demonstrates the practical relevance of mathematics in solving real-world problems. As an Associate Professor at Aristotle University, Dr. Dimitrios Psaroudakis continues to inspire and lead in the pursuit of mathematical excellence.

The Number 47, Synchronicity & the Law of Time Courtney Jamal Dewar, aka Capital STEEZ, came with perfect timing. Wielding a higher message, he revealed to all those around him through his music and his being the corruption of society and all of its constructs. He was fascinated, some would say, obsessed, with the number 47. For him this number held a higher meaning on many levels. First and foremost, he felt it was about synchronicity. He made all of his homies, including myself, aware of how this is the quintessential random number. We literally began to see it everywhere. You can research the numerological significance of 47. Here are just a few: 47 appears to be the quintessential random number of the universe. When a number appears randomly, more often than not, that number is 47. In other other words, if you asked people to pick a number at random, more often than not, that number would be 47. Of course, if 47 shows up more than any other number then it isn’t truly random, but using the word random makes the whole phenomenon easier to describe. From a spiritual perspective, number 47 is a combination of the energies and attributes of number 4 and number 7. The vibrations of number 4 include those of productivity and application, inner-wisdom and practical-thinking, honesty and integrity, endurance and determination, conscientiousness and discipline. Number 4 also relates to our passion and drive in life. Number 7 brings the qualities of spiritual awakening and enlightenment, intuition and inner-knowing, psychic abilities and mysticism, independence and individualism, persistence of purpose and manifesting good fortune.
There is even a much-viewed YouTube spoof of Jim Carrey’s The Number 23, substituting—you guessed it–the No. 47. Jim Carrey's character named Walter is given a book titled The Number 23. Walter starts reading the book and notices striking similarities between himself and the main character, a detective named "Fingerling". Fingerling is obsessed with the 23 enigma, the idea that all incidents and events are directly connected to the number 23 (Weirdly enough when I was younger I was in cod team called 23Enigma) only noted it as of the coincidence.
Jim Carrey told reporters he was so captivated by the 23 enigma even before reading the script that he renamed his production company from "Pit Bull Productions" to "JC23." (Jesus Christ 23?) Oddly enough the first film Carrey worked on with Joel Schumacher his character The Riddler's real name was 'E. Nigma'. According to Carrey, he was reading a book about Psalm 23 when he was first given a copy of the screenplay to review. He said he asked a friend to read the script and "an hour and a half later he was on page 23, circling every 23rd word. That's the kind of thing I want to do to an audience." When he discovered that the first page of the script involved the lead character trying to capture a pit bull, he was "freaked out," given the change in name of his production company. (Pitbull productions) My Nicknames Pitty, short for pitbul (These are just speculations) Also I've gathered others inputs and went down a deep rabbit hole. Mind you, this is just connections that has been gathered over time, but the consistency of certain "coincidences" are interesting to say the least. Just try to piece together the connections even though it may be out of radar due to us living completely different lives.
James > Cleveland Cavaliers (Cavs) > Number 23 > Nicknames are King James & The Chosen One
Cavs is the nickname of my last name Cavanagh
When you flip the cleveland cavaliers logo upside down it is quite similar
(The hat I've worn since 14, P represents the nickname"Pitty:" short for pitbill a nickname ive had since i was around 10 years old.
Matthew writes that on 23 occasions Jesus blessed 47 people.
The Bible credits Jesus with 47 miracles.
The Declaration of Independence has 47 sentences. Originally published: 4 July 1776 (4/7)
1947 is when the UFO crashed at Roswel
The Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn are 47 degrees of latitude apart.
Capital STEEZ died from allegedly leaping from the Cinematic Music Group’ either gripping a bible or with it strapped on his back There is also the fact that a blood lunar eclipse will occur in New York at 3:47 am on STEEZ’s birthday in 2047, and then the lunar eclipse which will occur after this one is part of the Lunar Saros series 135. He said he named the song 135 for “5th dimensional synchronization”... whatever that means, this would be a massive coincidence.
How Many People Can See This Eclipse? Number of People Seeing... Number of People* Fraction of World Population At least some of the penumbral phase 4,070,000,000 When the Eclipse Happens Worldwide — Timeline Event UTC Time Time in Melbourne* Penumbral Eclipse begins 7 Jul at 07:47:47 Visible in Melbourne 7 Jul at 5:47:47 pm On capital steez birthday.
STEEZs last tweet “the end” Was posted December (23) 2012 The building steez died (The colliers office) is on 666 fifth avenue, 10103 10+10+3=(23), New York. The building was built in 1878 The bohemian grove was established in 1878 The address of the CMG label building is on 40 west (23)rd st, 10010, New York The Freemasonry Grand lodge of New York is on 71 west, (23)rd st 10010 NY. Directly located across the same building STEEZ died. Yeah. West 23rd st, w is the (23)rd letter in the alphabet. In Hebrew the letter W represents the number 6 The fraction 2/3 in decimals=0.666 The freemasonry grand lodge of New York was founded in December 15, 1782 15, 1782 1+5+1+7+8+2 = 24. December 24 the date that's etched on STEEZs tombstone. A police report about his death has never surfaced, information has never been released, but there is pictures of his gravestone (see here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OuFVUJJR4Ug) and on that gravestone it says 24/12/12, which actually adds up to 48, yet he tweets on the 23/12/12 stating 'The End. Steez was ready to open up Pandora’s box and expose the illuminati occult in a way that has never been done before. It gets deep. Just think about it guys. Steez was an intellectual genius. He would obviously know that suicide actually makes u go to hell and not heaven. As a believer in the lord he would never commit suicide.
I'm not sure if you're paying attention to the ryan garcia trying to reveal how something tragic happened to him where he was taken to boheiman grove and forced to watch things i wont mention here People said his crazy and on drugs, sad thing is, I believe he is telling the truth Fast forward he wasn't on drugs and
Peep his song "Free The Robots" https://youtu.be/XcmR8DxuHBA
STEEZ has definitely made a positive impact on this world by introducing a new way of thinking and spirituality, even more of an impact than a lot of artists who are still alive... Capital STEEZ was 19 at the time of his death.
There is also gematria behind his death it has to do with numbers. I’ll explain what it is for those who aren’t aware of it. Gematria is the decoding of letters to numbers, it’s used to translate ancient Hebrew Scriptures. But it’s also the code for the entire world. The most basic way I can put it is that it’s as simple as ABC=123, they use these numbers thru media, and the thing that’s being shown on the media always correlates with Masonic numbers and words that correlate with whatever and whoever is being shown on the news or media and whatever event is taking place always correlates 100% of the time. In news, sports, music industry, Hollywood, politics, everything. In Numerology, which is different from gematria. After calculating his name I came across a lot of similarities when calculating mine in various forms.
While calculating his name i came across things relating to me like Like "Melbourne Victoria Australia, Royal Melbourne Hospital, june twenty fourth. From his name which connected to me personally as i was born in that hospital, thats the city i live and my birthday. The similarities left me wondering if it was actually real or not so I used multiple different calculators and paid for a membership on gematrinator to get maximum results and ended up noticing so much our mine and steezs calculations were similar answers in different form, and answers i got with his name ultimately connected to mine, vice versa. So i was intrigued and these are a list of numbers that matched up with our names. This is all speculation based on connections that seem to be very consistent peep this
Calculating these variations of our names such as Courtney Jamal Dewar / Courtney jamal Dewar Jr / Courtney Everald Jamal Dewar Jr / Capital STEEZ / Nathan Cavanagh / Nathan James Cavanagh / Nathan James Cavanagh Sciarra, calculations all listed together when I noted them all I didn't think to label to each name as I was so captivated by the coincidences I just kept going down the rabbit hole. I came across profound links to both our names that binds us both to the unique synchronicities that were to apparent to all be ruled as pure coincidence, such as his name calculating to my birthday, place of birth and city, and city i live to say the least.
These are calculations through gematria, some are our calculations mixed in this as I was just noting down every connection I noticed
The first and the last Eye Of Horus Total Eclipse the numbers of gods matrix coordinated universal time Capital Steez June Twenty Forth (my birthday) came up from steez name Lunar Eclipse Sacrifice July (2047 lunar eclipse on steezs birthday) The Central Intelligence Agency A WISE TALENTED MUSIC PRODUCER Royal Melbourne Hospital (where I was born) The Holy Bloodline Of Jesus The Return of Christ Exodus Luke synchronisation The Synchronicities Of Jesus The Book Of Revelations Vibrational Frequency Biblical Prophecy Melbourne Victoria Australia (where im from), came up on steezs calculations The Royal Bloodline The Divine Bloodline Of Jesus fourth of jew lie Energy frequency vibration The Holy Lineage Of Christ One Who Understands Mysteries december the twenty fifth. ..... speaks for itself A Door to another dimension New Moons And Solar Eclipse twenty four seven (my birthdays the 24th, his is the 7th) the victory of the lamb multidimensional royal regiment of scotland Golden Gate Sacrifice Gods Gift Clairvoyant The Chosen One The Two Appointed Ones Leaving For Heaven David And Daughter Of The Oath Are One Almighty God Roars Upon His Throne Powerful Great Grandma The Lord On Earth Donald Trump Assassination Lords Alignment The Lord Gods Here God Is Really Here God Birthdate Encoded End Of Times God Code The Code Of The Lord Lord Birthday Code Gods Provable Code Gods Alive Loser Access Into Heaven Twenty Three The Anunnaki Gods Jesus Is Coming A True Prophet The Seventh Seal What is Jesus's number? 888 Apollo Is The Beast Of Revelation See Fulfillment Of The Book Of Isaiah Prophecy The Serpent In Genesis Describes The Mark Of The Beast See The Forced Evil Mark Of The Beast Foiled The Victory Of The Lamb May The Lord Fill Your Heart Two Masters Is Cancer (steez and I are both Cancer) God Of Eternity We Are God Twins Maker Of New Earth A Two Edged Swords Xanax Vicodin Addiction (i struggled with bad) The Bible Is Intentionally Concealing Information The Galactic Jesus the Anointed One Moses Will Come The King Is Coming Miraculously Encoded By God Pyramids On Mars Forests On Mars Holy Spirit Of Zeus We Are Absolute Infinite Sent By The Gods Powerful Great Grandma999 Burning Alive The Gang Stalkers. (long story short I was a victim of whay they call gangstalking when I was reaching my peak or enlightenment and have been trying to get back to that state again, all I can describe it as is demonic torment) Enoch 777 on YouTube speaks on it good.) A Fourty Seven Mandating The Poisonous Jabs Knowledge Of God Brings Eternal Life Death Isnt So Scary Anymore Invictus Sol The Lion And The Lamb https://imgur.com/gallery/ztGPJGS The Lord Is Here Coming To Restore The Eternal Kingdom The Blood Of The Lamb Contact With A God Revival Jesus The Annointed One the key to it all I Am The Holy Grail Sun Moon Earth Revelation Nine Spirit World I Am The One Lord Jesus Christ I Know All Codes And Connections The Wisdom Of God Word Of The Lord Quantum Entanglement Theory The Anunnaki Path Almighty God Roars Upon His Throne 173 Enoch Chapter Ninety Five Pyramids Have Hidden Chambers Music Is My Life Revelation Five Everyone Is God Forever Jesus Walking With God Vision Of Gabriel New Revelation Seven Wonders Symbiotic Craft Thank You James (my middle name is James) Words Of The Bible Isaiah Fourteen Thirteen Trumps Last Son He Is Jesus Crown Chakra God Is You Gods In A Body The Resurrection Of Life The Book Lj Enoch King Jesus Gods Wrath We Are At War Truth Hidden In Plain Sight Double Conciousness The Anointed Lay Dead On The Cross Dragon Of China Is The Anti Christ. A Seed Of Jesse Angelic Guidance Black Pyramid Hidden Truth In Plain Sight King Messiah Heavens Dream Let The Decoding Fun Begin Add Up Letters Notorious Names The Child Of Christ Aliens Exist Spirit Of Moses C E R T I F I C A T E Of Baptism Of The Lord Of Christ Alchemist Fluoride To Heaven God Is Number Codes Numerical Language Learning Decoding Is Fun The Lord Of The Messiah The Book Of Hidden Messages Eight Eight Eight Nine Nine Nine Lost Books Of The Bible Rna Vaccine Maternal Ancestors Are Of Royal Descent You Are Gifted Frequency Turn Off Your Smart Phone I Am Eternal Life David Christ Gods Son The Sound Of Jesus Coming Help Others Realize Full Potential Implants During Surgical Procedures The Solar System And Thoughts The Reincarnation Of King David King David Divine Dna Is Activated Jesus Returns To Earth The Lion Of Judah Is With Us (Steez would speak about Judah)
Jamal Dewar; psalm twenty three Jesus son of God Nathan Day Revelation fourteen one Spiritual warfare Gang Stalker (experienced this myself) Satanic Cults Commit Suicide forty seven problem Bloodline of Jesus Christ The End (when this came up my jaw dropped.) And the God of peace shall bruise Satan under your feet shortly The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you Amen The Holy Mother of Jesus christ Are you ready for whats coming july seventh twenty eighteen
Courtney Jamal Dewar, Jr: The Book Of Revelations Vibrational frequency MELBOURNE VICTORIA AUSTRALIA (where I live) Christ Resurrection Satan Rules The World The Divine Bloodline of Christ synchronization Biblical Prophecy Capital steez Exodus Luke The Divine Bloodline of David Second Christ The Return of Christ Jesus Resurrection Jesus Christ Bloodline
I added stuff from my name as it was so coincidental I didn't think to label them at first I just wrote down anything I thought added up This is just deep research into who reminds me of myself My instagram is mistapitty Listen to The Resurrection by Pitty https://on.soundcloud.com/Xn3nN
Listen to Revelation 22 by Pitty https://on.soundcloud.com/gBAja
Peep his song "Free The Robots" https://youtu.be/XcmR8DxuHBA
STEEZ has definitely made a positive impact on this world by introducing a new way of thinking and spirituality, even more of an impact than a lot of artists who are still alive... Capital STEEZ was 19 at the time of his death.
There are four gospel accounts of Jesus' life and ministry. Each of these emphasizes a unique aspect of his sacrifice and ministry. Matthew's focus is on Christ being the son of David and a King.
Look into the etymology of your name. - What Does Nathan Mean? The name Nathan means “Gift of God” or “God has given.” In the Old Testament, Nathan was a prophet and one of King David's sons; he acted as a messenger to King David and is considered one of Jesus' ancestors. (David name of my biological grandfather) (James is my middle name) - James is a classic, traditional and Biblical name (Saint James, of course, was Jesus's brother and one of the 12 apostles) meaning "supplanter" or "replacer." It's derived from the Latin Jacomus which also means "may God protect.
Every letter to Capital STEEZs full name calculates to 147 when done in reverse on the gematria calculator and mine equals to exactly 470 when done in reverse.
"Nathan James Cavanagh Sciarra" = 470 (Reverse Reduction) N a t h a n 104 13 26 7 19 26 13 J a m e s 87 17 26 14 22 8 C a v a n a g h 159 24 26 5 26 13 26 20 19 S c i a r r a 120 = 470 8 24 18 26 9 9 26 Reverse = 470
"Capital STEEZ" = 47 (Reduction) C a p i t a l 26 3 1 7 9 2 1 3 S T E E Z 21 = 47 1 2 5 5 8 Reduction = 47
"Courtney Everald Jamal Dewar" = 147 (Reverse Reduction) C o u r t n e y 41 6 3 6 9 7 4 4 2 E v e r e s t 41 4 5 4 9 4 8 7 J a m a l 35 8 8 5 8 6 D e w a r 30 = 147 5 4 4 8 9 Reverse = 147
On June 24th 2022: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn are lining up in the pre-dawn sky, a planetary procession that could be seen above the eastern horizon And what’s even more remarkable about this month’s lineup is that the planets are arranged in their natural order from the sun. The best day to see the spectacle will likely be the morning of June 24 of 2022, weather permitting, as the planetary parade will be joined by the waning crescent moon. This is three days after the summer solstice (or winter in australia), which is June 21. What makes this so unique is the last time we had 5 planets aligned in this fashion, was in March of 1874.
All of the "classical" planets will be viewable in the early morning skies of June 24th 2022. Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn will be visible, all apparent to the naked eye even under urban light pollution. On the 24th, our moon will be situated between Venus and Mars, so you could say the Earth-Luna system will complete the "perfect" alignment. Under the darkest skies, one will be able to see seven planets in one sweeping gaze. The same year December 24th (25th in Australian time) the planets will align in their correct order outward from the sun for the second time this year, after a pre-dawn alignment in June was on my birthday. STEEZ is said to have died on the 24th of December 👉 https://imgur.com/gallery/0RVIxxA
In australian time it would've been the 25th as we are a day ahead
Alternatively, 25 December may have been selected owing to its proximity to the winter solstice because of its symbolic theological significance. After the solstice, the days begin to lengthen with longer hours of sunlight, which Christians see as representing the Light of Christ entering the world. This symbolism applies equally to the celebration of the Nativity of Saint John the Baptist on 24 June, near the summer solstice, based on John's remark about Jesus "He must increase; I must decrease." John 3:30 NRSV.[59] Now check out the following texts from the bible, they speak of the solstice here. 👉 https://imgur.com/gallery/0RVIxxA and I thought I should add this as it seemed to be quite a coincidence of the date i posted this somg and the content of the posts she made. It aligned with those geomatria calculations I made and i wish I could document snd explain why certain ones just synchronzie but it'd be to hard to comphrened.
"AFTER THE SOLSTICE, THE DAYS BEGIN TO LENGTHEN WITH LONGER HOURS OF SUNLIGHT, WHICH CHRISTIANS SEE AS REPRESENTING THE LIGHT OF CHRIST ENTERING THE WORLD. THIS SYMBOLISM APPLIES EQUALLY TO THE CELEBRATION OF THE NATIVITY OF SAINT JOHN THE BAPTIST ON 24 JUNE, NEAR THE SUMMER SOLSTICE, BASED ON JOHN'S REMARK ABOUT JESUS "HE MUST INCREASE; I MUST DECREASE." JOHN THE BAPTIST ANNOUNCES THE COMING OF THE LIGHT THROUGHOUT HIS LIFE, JOHN THE BAPTIST, ANNOUNCES THE COMING OF JESUS, THE COMING OF NEW TIMES, JOHN ANNOUNCES THAT GOD IS GRACIOUS TO HIS PEOPLE BY ANNOUNCING THE COMING OF THE SON OF GOD. BEHOLD, HE IS COMING WITH THE CLOUDS, AND EVERY EYE WILL SEE HIM, EVEN THOSE WHO PIERCED HIM; AND ALL THE TRIBES OF THE LAND WILL MOURN OVER HIM.” –ZECHARIAH 12:10-14; DANIEL 7:13-14 SO IT IS TO BE. AMEN (AGREED, YESHUA HIMSELF IS THE AMEN 3:14). “I KEPT LOOKING IN THE NIGHT VISIONS, AND BEHOLD, WITH THE CLOUDS OF HEAVEN ONE LIKE A SON OF MAN WAS COMING."
John the Baptist day is 24th of June.
"The flower of life, represents global consciousness and like there's this thing on the consciousness grid, the last piece, it has to be the flower of life and it has to align with the sun and all that stuff and it will wake up global consciousness & as i further in my ascension I hope to build it one day" "Some people might think this type of thinking, first of all this type of thinking might jump over a lot of people's heads" "I think humans need to lighten up, maybe try lighten up" - STEEZ
Someone regarding STEEZ: "Did he think there were codes in the Bible or something? I’ve heard him say he knows the “code” does anyone know what the code is? He was a truly enlightened person I wish I could understand him better."
STEEZ supposedly said he had to die now in order to save the Earth in 2047, which is when the world is supposed to end. Before he killed himself his friends say he withdrew not only from them, but rap in general, saying he was going to become a superhero.
(My birthday)24th of June 1999 = 2+4+6+1+9+9+9 = 40 STEEZ birthday) 7th of July 1993 = 7+7+1,993 = 2007.) 40 + 2007 = 2047
Now read a conversation he had on Facebook prior to death https://www.kanyetothe.com/threads/rip-capital-steez.354864/page-42?post_id=16781894&nested_view=1&sortby=oldest#post-167818 His song Dead Prez (credit to who found these calculations as this wasn't mine) If you wanna conspire a little, we technically have had 46 different president so far, tho truly only 45 different guys have been in office. This year, if we elect a new president they will be our 47th prezident. You could say that happens when the next president is elected, or when the second new president is elected because then there'd actually be 47 different people. On the contrary, you could predict that once 47 presidents have died, something very significant will happen because the song is about DEAD presidents. It'll happen in most of our lifetimes i wonder what will happen 2047?
https://imgur.com/a/bOpRy
FORTY, THE NUMBER: "Forty days was the period from the resurrection of Jesus to the ascension of Jesus some scholars note that 40 days in the Bible doesn't always mean 40 days literally, but may be a symbolic way of saying "a longer time. A master number and part of the “awakening code”. Also Jose Arguelles’s kin is 11 – he brought forth the Law of Time aka the World Thirteen Moon Cale In the Bible, next to the number seven, the number forty occurs most frequently.
Here's an article on Fader that's kind of aligns some things I've discovered.
https://www.thefader.com/2013/11/26/capital-steez-king-capital
Check out these images, not a lot of people would've seen these: h ttp://i.imgur.com/nPE90.png / http://i.imgur.com/sHtdM.png / http://i.imgur.com/ZcNu2.png - he thought he was the alchemist that had the key for world peahttp://i.imgur.com/ZcNu2.png Deshay posted this on Facebook after his immediate death: "Fxck.... This shxt jus rly fxcked me up. Me and Steezus JUST made plans to record on Saturday now hes gone. RIP Capital STEEZ" Joey said he believed he sacrificed himself for spiritual rebirth.
The End THE WIDELY ACCEPTED STORY is that Courtney ‘Jamal’ Dewar committed suicide by jumping off the Cinematic Music Building in Manhattan on 23.12.12 – which equals 47, the rapper’s favourite number. None of the city’s newspapers reported his death. As a result of inconsistent stories and a lack of police intelligence, confusion surrounds the heart-breaking event for the Dewar family. In a 2013 interview with Fader, an anonymous member of Pro Era said, “STEEZ told some of the Pros that he was thinking of killing himself by jumping off the building where Cinematic had its offices.” Dirty Sanchez a close friend of the late rapper recalled, “Nothing was working. Nothing. It was like too late. He made up his mind already.”
Today I will be briefly explaining the practice of Gematria. Gematria comes from ancient Jewish mysticism. It is the practice of combining the letter with the number, with the word. It is said this is how God created the world.
How does it work? Gematria has 4 major ciphers. The first two are easy as ABC, literally. For example A=1 B=2 C=3. And so on. The code can also be read backward from Z to A. This is called reverse ordinal. There are two more ciphers that are equally important but a bit more nuanced so for the sake of clarity I’ll leave those explanations to the work of Zachary K Hubbard. But to put Gematria into usable terms I’m gonna explain a decode I did recently. If you want to decode a word or phrase without doing the math yourself, there is an extremely helpful calculator at gematrinator.com it will give you all four cipher values for your word or phrase in an instant, as well as compare it with corresponding ciphers. Without further ado let’s look at this example:
Here I will outline some interesting numbers that coincide with the rapper Capital STEEZ and the numbers surrounding the music industry as well as numbers that come up with race, and other things I found eye grabbing.
(Credit to another user on here) First off I’ll start with Capital STEEZ, The interesting number here is the full reduction number, 47. It’s eye grabbing for many reasons, but we’ll start with a little back ground. Before Capital STEEZ’s (aka Jamal Dewar) death (suicide) in 2012, STEEZ was apart of an up and coming rap group known as Progressive Era, or ProEra for short. A known staple among these young men were the belief in “47 chakras” and “indigo children”. The two are a topic on their own, but the interesting part is that such a powerful number in Jamal Dewar’s life also coincides with the Gematria of his rap name. But that’s not it! Let’s continue
Capital STEEZ English ordinal: 137
Full reduction: 47
Reverse ordinal: 187 ( see pushed off a roof)
Reverse full reduction :70
Now keep an eye on 70, as we shall see him more as well.
Next we will decode the gematria of the reported means of STEEZ’s death, suicide. This is where I admittedly started getting intrigued.
Gematria of Suicide:
English Ordinal: 70
Full reduction: 34
Reverse ordinal:119
Reverse full reduction: 47
Wow. The exact same values but flipped.
Just a mere coincidence I’m sure But let’s continue .
With these next two we will see two repeats of values, one new value, 88 and a previously used value, 34. As well as 65
Jamal Dewar
English ordinal: 88
Full reduction: 34
Reverse ordinal: 182
Reverse full reduction: 65 ————————— Phrase: pushed off the roof
English Ordinal: 187
Full reduction: 88
Reverse ordinal: 245
Reverse full reduction: 65
And the next term we will decode will be Jamal’s occupation of rapper. Here we will see a reverse of our main number in question, 47, which I’ve found to be reoccurring as well.
Rapper
English ordinal: 74
Full reduction: 38
Reverse ordinal: 88
Reverse full reduction: 34
I’m beginning to sense a bit of a pattern here... But let me move on Now it’s time to get a little spicy
Jamal Dewar commited suicide on the night of December 23, 2012, though his wiki has his death on the 24 I believe as it was around midnight. Many articles coming out about his death including one I read from thefader.com reported his death on the 23rd. I specifically remember this detail because I was a huge fan of his and Pro Era at the time and it was a huge loss to the community.
December is the 12th month
12
23
12
Care to guess what that equals?
Yep. 47
Here are some other related phrases put into the gematrinator calculator:
Brooklyn New York (where proera is from)
223 79 182 74
Suicide by fall 128 56 223 79
Are you seeing the synchronization of these seemingly unrelated words and phrases?.
The word murder and murdered both have synchronized gematria with Jamal. We also see another repeat with 38, also found in the full reduction of the word rapper.
Murder
English ordinal: 79
Full reduction: 34
Reverse ordinal: 83 (38 reverse)
Reverse full reduction: 38
Murdered ,interestingly enough, though only being two letters away from murder, is actually more closely related numerically to jamals name and the word rapper, But there are similarities abound. Murdered.
English ordinal: 88
Full reduction: 43 (34 reverse)
Reverse ordinal: 128
Reverse full reduction: 47
Wow. This one really stands out to me. Every single number code number is used in the over all code of Capital steez just in this one word.
We see the repeats of 88 and 47 as well as the reverse of 34 for the first time and a repeat in the numbers of 128, which we saw as 182 above.
This one is slightly unrelated so I left it sort of by itself but I still maintain it’s validity as it’s use in the music industry is still relevant. That is the word racist. Race is huge in the overall narrative that msm tries to portray.
Racist
English ordinal: 70
Full reduction:25
Reverse ordinal: 92
Reverse full reduction: 47
racist and suicide are perfect matches on the front end and back end. 70 and 47.
Here’s another nugget.
The phrase : jumped to his death
English ordinal: 178 (pushed off the roof 187)
Full reduction: 70 (pushed off the roof 88)
Reverse ordinal:254 (pushed off the roof 245)
Reverse full reduction :83 (pushed off the roof 65)
Leap also shares 34 and 84.
Suicided 74 38 142 52
Occult
English ordinal: 74
Full reduction: 20
Reverse ordinal:88
Reverse full reduction:34
3 more repeats
The year of his suicide was a leap year
Leap year
English ordinal:83 Full reduction: 38 Reverse ordinal:133 Full res verse reduction: 43
Target audience: 133 61 245 83 Suicidal: 78 33 138 57 Hidden mission: 142 70 209 74 Some of these numbers are conjecture but there’s a lot of links between the numbers. 47/74 being the one of the more prominent, as well as 83/38, 34/43, 70, 245/254, 88, 33, 29/92/209, 182/128 all of these numbers connect in one way or another. Now it wouldn’t mean much if we didn’t know more about the nature of these numbers and how and where they appear. But since these number keep popping up in accordance to things like CONTROL GRID or MYSTERY RELIGION or SUPREME MATHEMATICS it seems almost impossible for it to be mere coincidence. Anyways I urge you guys to think for yourself and put in some work and see if you can find any use of this practice. God bless
Ps:
STEEZ’s debut album ”amerikkkan korruption” Came out on 4-7-2012 another 47. Vibration equals 47
A theory out there is that the cabal needed him to die because STEEZ was really bringing influence to more and more young minds with knowledge and the way STEEZ attacked and exposed certain things is not a good thing for those in power, the label that Joey wanted to sign when they were pro era, was a Jewish man named Jonny Shipes. if you’ve extensively went down the “rabbit hole”, like extensively, and you’d say you’re pretty “woke” (I hate that word), then you may know that most labels especially Jewish owned labels are basically the portals into The Illuminati cult, the Jesuit organization that controls the entire world. Oh and remember the news outrage, and investigation because of the 47 “swa stikkas” all over NY, yea you think these Jonny Shipes fucked with that? Nah. But this is all speculation.
It wasn’t long after Capital STEEZ's unfathomable passing on 12/23/12 – 12+23+12 = 47), which was only days after December 21, 2012, the precise date calculated by the great Mayans to be the end of a Great Cycle, that I received knowledge & became aware of the Law of Time. This seemingly new cosmology felt ancient and I quickly realized it had EVERYTHING to do with Synchronicity! I even found the number 47 to be ever ubiquitous throughout this 13 Moon calendar system.
"The next chapter is unstoppable. And yet, the greatest revolutions sometimes originate from the confines of impossibility, do they not? Break the code. It could make a leap and make possible a decision that defines the order of things that are." " Reality is a mathematical model which gets solved over and over again by the observer your thoughts are computations. And they render this world for you to call your own. Not all processors are alike. Different brains produce different realities. The variations go from the subtle to the drastic. Your mind defines how much you can taste. How much you can feel. How much you can understand. Perception defines perspective. We designed you and made sure to engineer your senses so you could perceive just what we needed you to. Neither more nor less. There are parts of time we preferred you remained blind to. It was a necessity."
The Law of Time, I found to hold the most profound yet simple teaching; our Time is not Money, Time is Art. I was able to grasp a greater vision of how we as humans have created an artificial timing system where our time here equates to how much money we can accumulate, where we are constantly stressed by this false belief of our making, and where there is never enough time… This system of our making and continuous propagation has only served to separate us from our Selves, from each other, and ultimately, from nature. Hence, resulting in the chaos and disharmony prevalent in the world today.
What is the greatest common factor of 23 & 47? 1 is the greatest number that 23 & 47 is divided to. The Chosen One @mistapitty ㄣ

Hey, been wanting to get into cEDH for a while and decided to make my own Kinnan, Bonder Prodigy deck. Mostly the generic stuff, but i still wanted advice on a few cards.
[[Shared Summons]] im not entirely sure if this is still viable 5 mana for two creature tutor seems like a lot. From what I've heard its mostly to tutor out Thrasios and Trophy Mage to get Basat Monolith.
[[Koma, Cosmos Serpent]] Seems like a good piece to spin into, but feels like a win more card and less something that can help close.
[[Jin-Gitaxias, Core Auger]] I see it in many other lists, but i feel like it attracts to much hate more what its worth
[[Solve the Equation]] its a Finale tutor, but if were already running Spellseeker why run it if we can spin into Spellseeker?
[[Thassa's Oracale]] Seems like a pretty solid win con after filtering mana through Thrasios, I don't see many lists run it though. If i do run it, is there any support i should also put in it?
Also is there a Kinnan Discord i can join for further deck advice?
Thanks for the help in advance!
Decklist: https://www.moxfield.com/decks/YsmiUNv4I0i5R9qM6sm1Zg

I forgot how to solve for r when the equation is set up like this. The answer is given but I don't know how to get there. Can anyone explain the step by step on how r was derived?
https://imgur.com/a/OJQg62y

I'm in Precalculus, and roughly 3 days ago I guess I just forgot how to perform basic algebraic manipulations? I have a tendency to overthink things and overcomplicate them, and I've been getting less confident in my math skills for no reason at all, in fact, these past few months I've been putting the most amount of effort into math than before. I always train my intuition before moving onto the mechanics side, as I never feel comfortable moving on to another subject before intuitively grasping something. Anyways, can someone please explain to me why maintaining the equality of an equation yields a true solution for a certain variable? I understand that performing the same operation to both sides "preserves the equality" (I don't 100% know what that means now) but, you're performing operations out of thin air, that should change the solution, right? I can intuitively understand most other concepts I've learned, but of course, since Precalc is essential algebra and trig, the problems I solve primarily rely on the foundations of algebra, so, I'm on a pretty unstable foundation right now. I swear I thought this was so obvious 3 days ago and would think I was stupid if I actually didn't know this, but since then it feels like I just magically don't understand anymore.

I'm using Khan academy to help me become more confident in my math skills so that I can eventually study for the GED. I never had enough credits to go to highschool because I was shuffled from grade to grade even though I was failing in middle school and some of elementary. The highschool that did except me tried their hardest with tutoring and packets but I never got far and ended up doing their GED program. I failed the math portion of the GED. Now that it's been a few years, I want to try again.
Here's the problem:
206=x+519
I first attempted this by subtracting 519 from both sides, which results in x=-313. This answer is incorrect according to Khan academy. So I started looking at videos on YouTube for help since the Khan academy videos didn't write out the problem in a way that makes sense to me. The videos on Khan academy are using number lines, which becomes confusing for me because they don't explain how they get what number. Instead, they seem to use a guess and check method and don't write out the "check" portion of the method (-313+519=206 is my "checking" work). They also don't explain the method that they are using.
The video on YouTube that did make sense and helped me solve this correctly explained that if the unknown number is the subtrahend then we subtract the difference, if the unknown number is the minuend we add the known numbers. This method results in the correct answer according to Khan academy.
206=x+519 is figured out by adding 519 to 206 because the x is in the minuend spot, 519+206=725. This can be "checked" by subtracting 725-519=206.
Answer: x=725
Im convinced that the reason why I've been struggling with this part of Khan academy is because they are using a method like this or the same method, which fundamentally makes zero sense to me when applied to certain equations such as 206=x+519.
The answer not only doesn't make sense to me because 725+519=1,244. But this is also seemingly a contradiction. We can "check" that both methods are correct and they seem to both make sense until we fill in the x spot and do the equation with what we assume x is. One method results in a negative number and the other results in a number that just doesn't make sense because the sum is supposed to be 206 not 1,244. When would I ever use this particular method, and how can I identify when I'm supposed to use each method especially when both methods can be seemingly correct?
My husband, Wolfram alpha, chatgpt, and mathway all say that I got the correct answer the first time x=-313. All of them showed their work slightly differently with Wolfram alpha using a plot graph but still all came to the same answer that I did using the exact same method of subtracting from both sides to isolate x. My husband, chatgpt, and mathway just wrote it out like I did. X=-313. I asked after my original answer (x=-313) was incorrect and Khan academy didn't explain why, it just gave me the answer instead and kind of wrote it out using a number line.

Pretty cringe ik, but here is my advice on how to approach Math 1131 if you have only done standard maths in the HSC. I did standard maths and managed to get 80+, however there were many times before starting the course and during the course where I felt like dropping it and not pursuing my degree in comp sci and to just do commerce. I think a lot of people would be in a similar boat to me, as UNSW makes it clear that standard maths students won't be able to do the course unless they complete a year's worth of bridging courses. Well, this is simply not true and if this course has made you consider re-evaluating what you want to pursue, don't feel like an idiot because that was me too. (So don't flame me as a sweat, just trying to encourage someone who was in my position)
If you are an incoming student and haven't done any preparation, I'd consider doing it in the term following as this will give you enough time to prepare on the side (or use the summer holidays like I did). Alternatively, you could just be an animal and rawdog it.
To prepare, here is what I did and what I'd do again. Go on Khan Academy and create an account to track your progress. If you are anything like me, I didn't know what a quadratic was or how to properly factorize, so I'd recommend completing the following 'courses' in this order.

• Algebra 1/2
• Trigonometry (even though you did this in standard maths - it is not enough of a baseline)
• Precalculus (Units 1,2,3,6,7)
• College AP/BC Calculus

You don't have to do them all to 100% proficiency every single time, but this will get you to the baseline of an advanced math student within 100 hours maximum. I'd take notes while watching all the tutorials etc, even though I didn't refer to them much, it was great in consolidating my understanding.
https://www.khanacademy.org/
The second thing I'd do is leading up to the course is to complete these revision sheets set out by UNSW. Now, don't get wigged out if you can't do them first try, I couldn't either. You've just learned this content.
https://www.unsw.edu.au/science/our-schools/maths/student-life-resources/student-services/mathematics-drop-in-centre/revision-worksheets
Now, onto the actual course itself, you will get the course material about a week before, don't get wigged out by the course pack - it seems like a lot but its not as bad as you think.
To understand the content here's what I'd do (and did do).

• Only watch Milhan Pahors lecture stream.
  • I didn't watch a single other lecture apart from this - they are online and are brilliant. He works through the problems, shows you where the traps are and how to approach them.
  • Also don't feel stupid for rewatching parts of the lecture either - nobody gets it first go.
• Go to the maths drop in center once a week.
  • They are both online and in person & are great for asking questions / reinforcing your knowledge.
• Chatgpt 4o just came out.
  • It's ability to solve maths problems is fantastic and can solve probably about 80-90% of course material. Use this to obtain worked solutions to problems since they don't give you worked solutions and also use it as a private tutor.

Finally, here's how to actually pass the course and even do well in it. The course is lobsided, you want to get a pre-exam mark 45+/50 because the final is near impossible to do. 40/50 is in line with a pass (for extension/advanced math students who didn't initially take the course seriously and can clutch it in the final - not you) so you want to score near perfect on everything.
Mobius:
These are weekly quizzes that are approximately 10%, you are able to check your answers before submitting with a week long time limit. You can easily get 100% on this.
Lab Test 1:
This is a lab test where you will get the practice questions that will be exactly the same. They just change the numbers around. So you can practice until you are basically automatic.
One thing to note - for this lab test you will only get access to a Kcalc, which is a terrible calculator and I'd go into a labroom maybe when you are in uni before the exam and try it out. You'll basically do this test completely manually/ in your head (so take that into consideration & don't get caught lacking as a lot of people underperform in this lab ). You want to aim for full marks and its not hard to do, you just memorise how to do it.
For lab test 1/2 - UNSW mathsoc discord posts worked solutions a week prior aswell & their page gives previous years worked solutions if you want a head start.
https://www.unswmathsoc.org/resources/exam-bank
Lab Test 2:
This lab test uses maple, which is great for us because it does the manual computations/calculations for us. Once again, find the worked solutions, make a cheat sheet and memorise the lab test answers. Worth 15%.
Assignment:
This is worth 10%, about 2% comes from answering questions on the mobius which you can review to see if you are correct (so its guaranteed). Then you are to write a paper on proving those answers. It's broken up into two parts, algebra and calculus. It turns out for the Algebra section they recycle the same questions every year, so go onto studocu and just get an exemplar response. For this aswell, make sure you do all the formatting correctly.
https://www.studocu.com/en-au/course/university-of-new-south-wales/mathematics-1a/1537137?origin=document-viewer
Final Exam:
If you type in Math1131 on this subreddit, you'll quickly be able to tell this exam is pretty challenging. The sheer amount of complaining about this exam has made it become somewhat of a meme - kinda why I'm hoping this post doesn't get torn to shreds.

• The Final exam is 60% seen questions from a 200 question exam bank (they only select about 8 questions). So it is a ton of questions to get ur head around and then try memorise.
  • These questions are also really difficult - which is why a lot of people absolutely wig their shit before the final. It is a huge jump from the labs so I'd get onto them as early as possible.
• They give you worked solutions via video sessions (approximately 15-25 hours of worked solutions).

So, you have to hedge your bets, what I did was make a document where I screenshotted solutions, or made a cheat sheet on how to do them. This took me a fucking minute and I didn't do all the questions - only the ones where I could actually replicate it in an exam. Once you've done that, just repeatedly do the past papers.
If you do all this - you should get somewhere between 10-25/60, I reckon. Since you've actually watched a lot of the practice questions - you'll find the unseen questions are somewhat similar and you can do parts of them.
So to recap - don't be discouraged by this propaganda set out by the engineering/maths/comp sci departments about the course. If you are anything like me, chances are you've done well to get to a position to do your course and know how to work systematically. If you do this, you not only can pass, but actually do well.
Once you get over this hurdle, all other maths at uni will be the same difficulty to you as it is to your peers. You'll have to spend a lot of time on this subject, but I still went partying during the term etc - wasn't just some incel. So, hopefully this will encourage you to give it a red hot crack.

This post is part of a series of reviews. To see them all, click here.
Historical information found on Shannon O'Sullivan's Doctor Who website (relevant page here and the TARDIS Wiki (relevant page here). Primary/secondary source material can be found in the source sections of O'Sullivan's website, and rarely as inline citations on the TARDIS Wiki.

Serial Information

• Episodes: Season 19, Episodes 1-4
• Airdates: 4th - 12th January 1982
• Doctor: 5th
• Companions: Adric, Nyssa, Tegan
• Other Notable Characters: The Tremas Master
• Writer: Christopher H. Bidmead
• Director: Fiona Cumming
• Producer: John Nathan-Turner
• Script Editor: Eric Seward

Review

Welcome aboard. I'm the Doctor. Or will be if this regeneration works out. - The Doctor
This might not sound plausible at first blush, but Castrovalva might just be the strangest Doctor Who story ever.
Not in terms of content, the actual plot of Castrovalva while a bit mind bending, isn't that strange. But the actual way it's laid out, the pacing, the way it's constructed, it looks so different from anything else this show has done.
I mean, is Castrovalva even one story? Should I split the first half and the second half into different sections of this review? Into different reviews? Maybe it's best to start with how we got here.
Tom Baker was always going to be a challenge to replace. I think it's difficult to properly conceive of, in modern terms, how long Tom Baker was the Doctor. I mean, he held the role for seven seasons. He was The Doctor (the definite article, you might say), in popular consciousness. If you were a twelve year old kid who first started watching the show when he took over, you would have been an adult when he left. So, how do you replace that?
Well, what Producer John Nathan-Turner did next made a lot of sense. Tom Baker had been an unknown when he was cast. But now, having to replace him, JNT decided to take someone who was fairly well known. Nathan-Turner had worked as a production assistant on All Creatures Great and Small before becoming Doctor Who's producer. And one of its stars, Peter Davison, had achieved something of a following working on that show. The shorter, light-haired younger man was also a physical contrast to Tom Baker's imposingly large, dark-haired man. As a start for a new era, Davison was, it seemed, the ideal candidate.
So, naturally, Castrovalva does a lot of work trying to simultaneously convince us that this is both a brand new Doctor, but also very much still the same Doctor. Which is probably the reason for the very strange story structure. Castrovalva is pretty cleanly divided into halves. The trouble in the TARDIS section covering the first two episodes, and the portion actually set in the castle of Castrovalva, covering episodes three and four.
The first two episodes feel like they're trying to connect the Doctor back to previous incarnations. Peter Davison actually decided in rehearsal to perform several sections like he was previous iterations, and dialogue got rewritten to emphasize this (I'm especially pleased that he got in an impish giggle when he was channeling the 1st Doctor, as that's an oft overlooked element of William Hartnell's performance). There's also a pretty heavy emphasis placed on the relationship between the Doctor and the TARDIS in these two episodes. The TARDIS opens up a roundel to provide medicine, and offers the Doctor a wheelchair. We haven't really seen much evidence of the TARDIS having a mind of its own since, and this is going way back, The Edge of Destruction, but it still helps emphasize the idea of the Doctor still being the Doctor. After all, if the TARDIS is trying to take care of the Doctor, then clearly it's still the Doctor.
Though, as the Doctor admits, things are a lot rougher this time than in the past. Before this the Doctor has always regenerated in a relatively stable situation as an adventure was ending. Here, he's essentially dropped in mid-struggle with the Master and he just needs some rest in a calm place. A lot of stuff is thrown at us. Apparently the cure for post-regeneration trauma is simplicity – the more complex the environment the worse the symptoms. The TARDIS has a room for just such purposes, called a "Zero Room". In a worst case scenario (say, after you accidentally jettisoned the Zero Room to create thrust to escape the explosion of the Big Bang) the doors and walls of the Zero Room can be used to create a smaller "Zero Cabinet" which looks like a TARDIS interior-themed casket.
While that's going on, we get some of the most inane conversations you can imagine between Nyssa and Tegan. I like these bits in theory. Tegan and Nyssa are trying to work out a lot here after all. It's, for each of them, their first proper trip in the TARDIS, and what with the Doctor suffering the after-effects of regeneration and Adric off being weird (he's actually mental projection being controlled by the Master), the two of them have to figure out how to keep the Doctor healthy, stop the TARDIS from traveling directly into the creation of the universe (called the galaxy here because science fiction writers aren't scientists) and just generally hold things together. The problem is the actual dialogue is sheer nonsense. There's a lot talk about the power of the word "if". There's also a lot of talk about recursion which, while it's a theme of the overarching story had no place being introduced when it was.
This is all doubly frustrating because, if you remove Nyssa and Tegan's more vapid conversations from the equation, they have a pretty good story together. The basic idea of the front half of the story is that the two are left to work things out without the Doctor and Adric. It's a really effective way to put emphasis on the two newest members of the TARDIS team, who essentially just joined the TARDIS last story. Tegan working out the TARDIS controls (even though she doesn't really, it turns out the Master-controlled Adric projection did that for her), and Nyssa providing scientific explanations and useful context – they genuinely make a good team. There's a bit where the Doctor sets up how his new companions can thrive on their own. Adric of course has a mathematical genius, and as of the events of Logopolis you might as well say he's got magic. Nyssa has "technical skill and understanding" and Tegan is the "coordinator". And it actually plays out over the course of the story. It's just a shame that some of these conversation are so mindless.
That takes us into the second half of the story, where the Doctor gets to be a bit more active and we actually visit the planet/city/castle of Castrovalva. Throughout episode 3 Castrovalva is presented to us as a kind of ideal medieval-inspired society (lot of those lately). From the beginning though, something feels off. Something constantly feels artificial about Castrovalva, like it's setting is a little too idyllic and uncomplicated. And then there the seemingly sinister presence of Shardovan, the librarian who always seems to be skulking around. And then there's The Portreeve, a wise old man who always seems to know a little bit more than he should.
And that's all for good reason. Castrovalva is fake. The Master made it up, disguised himself as the Portreeve as a trap for the Doctor, using Adric's ability with block transfer calculations – he'd captured Adric at the beginning of the story. As always, the Master's greatest weakness is that he likes things to be grand and complicated, and so over the course of the two episodes the facade is slowly dismantled. And in a genuinely clever moment, the fake people that the Master has created aren't entirely happy about being used by him. "You made us, man of evil. But we are free," says Shardovan before he destroys the web that is holding Castrovalva together in a genuinely effective and cathartic moment.
And I do like how Shardovan, clearly set up to make us think he's the villain, and possibly even the Master, with his dark outfit, sinister stares, and heavy contrast to the more friendly attitudes of the rest of the Castrovalvans, turns out to be the person who's worked out that something is wrong with Castrovalva. It might not seem all that innovative, but at this point in Doctor Who's history it's genuinely hard to think of someone who was presented with so many of the superficial signifiers of being a villain but turned out not to be. It even makes sense internally. Castrovalva has intentionally been created to lull the Doctor into a false sense of security. So the one character who's not doing that turning out to be good is just a natural progression.
These episodes are also where we get a better sense of the Doctor. I'll admit that on past viewings, I never really cared much for Peter Davison's take on the Doctor, but on my current run through his era (as I've mentioned before, I'm always watching ahead while I'm watching for review) I've found him more compelling than I have in the past. Here he approaches Castrovalva with a kind of mad panic. Something is wrong here, but he can't quite place it. He's trying to solve the puzzle of what's wrong and it doesn't help that he's still recovering from his regeneration, something that doesn't really resolve itself until the end of the story. It's a solid contrast from Tom Baker's austere and eccentric Doctor, to Davison who brings a more manic energy. Today we're used to the Doctor being wild and high energy, but this is really the first time we get that kind of NuWhoish energy.
I'm still not gelling with Ainley's Master though. I enjoy him as the Portreeve here, playing the kind of wise old man who normally would be one of the Doctor's allies. Except the Portreeve always seems to know a little too much. Watching it back, there's definitely plenty to hint at the Portreeve's true nature. As the Master though…I don't know, it still just doesn't work for me. I like the Master's plan in this story, it's overcomplicated, but that's kind of the Master's MO. But Ainley just always seems to go a bit overboard in his portrayal.
I haven't really talked much about Adric this story, but that's because he doesn't really do much in this one. One of the challenges the show is going to have with three companions is finding something for each of them to do. In this story Adric is mostly sidelined. We get the, by now, well worn trope of Adric pretending to side with the villain of the story but it barely even lasts long enough to note. Mostly, Adric is used as a tool by the Master, very little more.
Castrovalva is, on the whole, a solid enough start to the 5th Doctor era, but I do have some pretty major reservations. The first half in particular is just full of these completely empty-minded conversations between Nyssa and Tegan that should have been good, but are just so poorly written. Things get better in the back half, but there's still some iffy bits. Still, I do like Castrovalva in spite of its flaws.
Score: 6/10

Stray Observations

• This was Eric Seward's first story as Script Editor. Previous Script Editor Christopher H. Bidmead wrote this story, effectively resolving the plot of prior story, also written by Bidmead, Logopolis.
• Starting with this story, Doctor Who began airing twice weekly, on Mondays and Tuesdays, as opposed to the once a week schedule it had been on since its debut.
• Peter Davison is credited as "The Doctor" for this story, rather than "Doctor Who" as was the case previously. The general belief seems to be that Peter Davison requested the change, and this certainly tracks with him being a big Doctor Who fan, but I wasn't able to find anything confirming this.
• The Portreeve is credited separately from the Master, even though Anthony Ainley plays both. He is credited as "Neil Toynay", an anagram of "Ton Ainley".
• Director Fiona Cumming had actually been involved with Doctor Who for a long time, her first job on the show being as an Assistant Floor Manager on The Massacre (1966). She was a production assistant on several shows, including Doctor Who during the 70s, and started directing in 1974 with an episode of Z-Cars. However the BBC didn't let her direct full-time and she became a freelance director in 1979.
• This story was actually filmed fourth in the season. While Davison has claimed this was done to give him more time to get familiar with the role, in reality it was simply a case of the first story idea to open the season, Project Zeta-Sigma proving unusable. This did have the unintended consequence that the series regulars were a bit to friendly with each other before Director Fiona Cuming had to remind them that, in story, they had all just met very recently.
• The plot was inspired by two MC Escher posters in the office of BBC Head of Drama Graeme MacDonald, which stuck with Bidmead. Producer John Nathan-Turner apparently hated the things, saying "art should be there to soothe, not distract" which is…certainly a take. The posters were of MC Escher painting "Ascending and Descending". Bidmead connected this to the mathematical and computer science concept of recursion (as noted when I covered Logopolis, Bidmead had an interest in computers).
• Apparently Peter Davison liked Castrovalva, but never quite understood what it was about.
• Episode 1 starts with a precredits sequence recapitulating the cliffhanger from Logopolis. It's the first time an episode has placed a scene before the credits. Notably the music is changed ever so slightly to be more optimistic, as Logopolis was the end of an era, but Castrovalva is the beginning of another one.
• The title sequence has been updated. It's the same one as the one used for Season 18, but the awkward picture of Tom Baker's face has been replaced with a perfectly reasonable picture of Peter Davison's. I'm still not fond of the starfield openings, but this is at least an improvement, however minor.
• In the first scene of the story proper, The Doctor and companions are running away from the Pharos Project guards. Tegan and Adric are supporting the Doctor's weight, and when Adric lets go, the Doctor collapses directly onto Tegan and it's actually fairly funny.
• So a second after claiming the only thing she knows about the TARDIS controls is the door mechanism, Nyssa activates the scanner via the TARDIS controls.
• In episode 1 we see the Doctor unravelling the 4th Doctor's iconic scarf to track his way through the TARDIS. I have seen people get so mad about this, but I actually think it's brilliant. It's a new era after all, and what a better visual metaphor for that is there than the Doctor unravelling his prior incarnations' most iconic item of clothing.
• When Nyssa mentions that the Zero Room that the Doctor asked to go to is probably a "neutral environment, cut off from the rest of the universe", Tegan suggests Brisbane.
• And of course the Doctor gets a new outfit. It's…fine. While the Season 18 version of the 4th Doctor outfit was too much of one color it was still built on the bones of a good look for the Doctor. But now we're very much in the JNT "uniform" style clothing. I'll admit, being an American, I wouldn't necessarily recognize a crickiter's outfit, much less an Edwardian one, if not for Doctor Who, but knowing that that's what it was based on really makes the whole outfit feel a bit gimmicky. As for the celery lapel…I don't get it. It's such a random and weird element, and I'm not sure what it's doing there (out of universe at least). I do like that the Doctor still has a hat. I like it when the Doctor has a hat. Not enough Doctors wore hats (Both Two and Eleven liked to pick up hats from time to time but they never held onto the things. The Doctors who held onto their hats were the Fourth Doctor's fedora, the 5th Doctor's Panama hat, and the 7th Doctor's straw hat.).
• The cricket outfit wasn't the first idea proposed for the Doctor's outfit. Initially he would have worn a polo outfit. Davison liked the sporting motif, but preferred cricket gear instead.
• Peter Davison was not a fan of the question mark lapels.
• The Doctor calling a wheelchair in episode 2 "transport of delight" is both a great line delivery by Davison, and a really early look into how the 5th Doctor sees things.
• Nyssa's outfit changes slightly throughout episode two. Her skirt is replaced with trousers, and she loses the velvet jacket and her ornamental comb on Castrovalva. The original costume was considered impractical, so the simplified version was designed.
• In episode 3 the Doctor eats a stick of celery. Notably for the man that would spend the rest of his time on the show wearing celery, Peter Davison actually hated the stuff, and immediately spit the celery out the moment they stopped filming.

Next Time: It's been three whole serials since we've had a story without the Master. So let's get some killer androids in here instead. Much better.

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Hi all!
Engineering student here, I'm getting dulled out of typing in equations on my Casio when really I just want to change the variables I'm using (most of the time at least).
Searching online I've found that E-Activity seems to the answer for this, but I'm having trouble finding a clear guide to what I'm supposed to be doing to store the equations and then recall them on Run-Matrix
To hopefully clarify, if Im calculating Kinetic energy, I just want to input the values for mass and speed.
Or if I'm solving a lot of questions regarding tensions and have to constantly compute a circular cross-section, I want to just input the value for the diameter
So on and so forth for a lot of different equations.
Much appreciated to anyone who can help!
Edit: Right after posting I noticed i didn't mention what calculator im using.
It's the Casio Fx-CG50

Pre-Calculus concepts are mathematical ideas and techniques that are typically studied before diving into Calculus. They provide a solid foundation for understanding the more advanced mathematical concepts of Calculus, and are essential for success in a variety of fields, including science, engineering, economics, and computer science.
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Here are some of the key Pre-Calculus concepts:
1. Functions

• Domain and range
• Composition of functions
• Inverse functions
• Graphing functions

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• Graphing lines, circles, and other shapes
• Identifying and graphing functions

3. Trigonometry

• Angles and triangles
• Sine, cosine, and tangent
• Trigonometric identities and equations

4. Analytic Geometry

• Understanding the coordinate plane
• Graphing lines, circles, and other shapes
• Finding equations of lines and circles

5. Systems of Equations

• Solving systems of linear equations
• Solving systems of nonlinear equations

6. Inequalities

• Solving linear inequalities
• Solving nonlinear inequalities

7. Polynomials and Rational Functions

• Adding, subtracting, and multiplying polynomials
• Dividing polynomials
• Understanding rational functions

8. Exponents and Logarithms

• Understanding exponential growth and decay
• Understanding logarithmic functions

9. Conic Sections

• Understanding circles, ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas
• Graphing and solving problems involving conic sections

10. Sequences and Series

• Understanding arithmetic and geometric sequences
• Understanding series and summation notation

These Pre-Calculus concepts are essential for understanding the more advanced mathematical concepts of Calculus, and are used in a variety of fields, including science, engineering, economics, and computer science.
Here are some real-world applications of Pre-Calculus concepts:

• Physics and Engineering: Pre-Calculus concepts are used to describe the motion of objects, including the acceleration and velocity of particles and the curvature of space-time.
• Computer Science: Pre-Calculus concepts are used in computer programming, including the development of algorithms and the analysis of data structures.
• Economics: Pre-Calculus concepts are used in economics to model population growth, inflation, and other economic phenomena.
• Biology: Pre-Calculus concepts are used in biology to model population growth, disease spread, and other biological phenomena.

Pre-Calculus concepts are essential for understanding the more advanced mathematical concepts of Calculus, and are used in a variety of fields, including science, engineering, economics, and computer science. By mastering these concepts, students can gain a deeper understanding of the world around them and develop problem-solving skills that will serve them well in a variety of careers.

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Here is a detailed study plan to help you prepare for your Calculus 1 exam:
Week 1-2: Review of Pre-Calculus Concepts

• Review algebra and trigonometry concepts, including:
  • Equations and inequalities
  • Functions (domain, range, composition)
  • Graphs and graphing
  • Trigonometric functions and identities
• Brush up on mathematical proof and reasoning

Week 3-4: Limits and Continuity

• Study the concept of limits and how to evaluate them
• Understand the difference between one-sided and two-sided limits
• Learn how to determine continuity and discontinuity of functions
• Practice problems and exercises on limits and continuity

Week 5-6: Differentiation

• Learn the power rule, product rule, and quotient rule of differentiation
• Understand how to find derivatives of trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic functions
• Study implicit differentiation and logarithmic differentiation
• Practice problems and exercises on differentiation

Week 7-8: Applications of Differentiation

• Learn how to find maximum and minimum values of functions
• Understand how to use differentiation to solve optimization problems
• Study related rates and motion along a line, curve, and surface
• Practice problems and exercises on applications of differentiation

Week 9-10: Integration

• Learn the concept of integration and how to evaluate definite integrals
• Understand the substitution method and integration by parts
• Study integration by partial fractions and trigonometric substitution
• Practice problems and exercises on integration

Week 11-12: Review and Practice

• Review all concepts covered in the course
• Practice mixed problems and exercises that combine multiple concepts
• Take practice exams and quizzes to simulate the actual exam experience
• Focus on areas where you need improvement

Additional Tips

• Use online resources, such as Khan Academy and MIT OpenCourseWare, to supplement your studying
• Join a study group or find a study partner to collaborate and stay motivated
• Get enough sleep and take breaks to avoid burnout
• Stay organized and keep track of your progress

By following this study plan, you'll be well-prepared for your Calculus 1 exam. Remember to stay focused, stay motivated, and practice regularly!
Here are some authentic sources for calculus study materials:

• OpenStax Precalculus: A comprehensive text that covers more ground than a typical one- or two-semester college-level precalculus course.
• OpenStax Calculus: A text that guides students through the core concepts of calculus and helps them understand how those concepts apply to their lives and the world around them.
• Calculus.org: A large list of calculus resources including problems & solutions, exams, applets, videos, and more.
• Pauls Online Math Notes: A set of notes used to teach Calculus I, including detailed discussions of limits.
• Khan Academy: A course that tests knowledge of calculus skills, including limits and continuity.

These sources are authentic and can provide you with a comprehensive understanding of calculus. You can use these resources to supplement your learning and improve your understanding of the subject.

Paid Help from Hiraedu: If You're struggling to handle your comptia or any other WGU Exam or any other coursework, get help from Hiraedu and pay after the exam. Contact details for Hiraedu is: WhatsApp: +1 (213) 594-5657 OR Call: +1 727 456 9641
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To start: this is not homework. I’m a self-learner with a sort of uncommon book that doesn’t have solutions available. The book is Calculus: A Physical and Intuitive Approach by Morris Kline. Here is the problem, in chapter 3.2, where he introduces basics of the integration process without yet employing integral notation.
A subway train travels over a distance s in t seconds. It starts from rest (zero velocity) and ends at rest. In the first part of its journey it moves with constant acceleration f and in the second part with constant deceleration (negative acceleration) r. Show that s = [f (f + r)]t² /2.
I can see that if s=[f(f+r)][(t² )/2],
then v=[f(f+r)]t,
and a=f(f+r).
So I suppose I have to find a way to determine that the positive acceleration f followed by the negative acceleration r, should together be equivalent to average (?) acceleration a. That is, despite the train having two distinct and disjunct accelerations, its acceleration as a single value can be determined in a single formula, namely a.
When I see f(f+r), I think it’s an inverse of (f+r)/fr, aka 1/f + 1/r. But I don’t know how to justify configuring f and r into their own respective inverses for that sum, or summing them at all, or even making an inverse of that full sum to get f(f+r). So I’m lost on how to reach it.
Based on where I am in the book (using anti differentiation without yet being introduced to integral notation), I tried to use the methods encouraged thus far, which would have been to build the s equation by means of the antiderivatives of the constant f and r accelerations. But f and r are disjunct values, thus they seem to need their own velocity and distance functions, and the distances of each can simply be added together after determining them separately. Thus if I’m determining f and r as distinct functions, then the time t taken to first reach its velocity from rest, and then to bring it back to rest, should be different lengths between those two segments. So then I feel stuck determining separate functions with t1 and t2 applying to the formulas for f and r respectively, and trying to combine them back at the end feels hopeless.
Strangely enough though, if I disregarded the idea that t was actually broken into t1 and t2 and treated both functions crudely in respect to simply t, I got the closest I got to the final answer. That is, if the distance s=s1+s2, where s1 is the distance when f is applied, and s2 is the distance when r is applied, then s1=(ft² )/2 and s2=(rt² )/2 + Vt where again I’m making t inexplicably identical between the two functions, and V here is the velocity achieved by the f segment, and can be rewritten as ft, making (ft² ) from that nomial. However, without even doing that, I can now rewrite s as s = s1 + s2 = (ft² )/2 + (rt² )/2 + Vt = (f+r)(t² /2) + Vt, or even = (f+r)(t² /2) + (ft² ) and that at least has the (f + r) present but even if I try to simplify from here I just get (3f + r)(t² /2) and it feels like I lost it.
How the hell do I solve this??

To start: this is not homework. I’m a self-learner with a sort of uncommon book that doesn’t have solutions available. The book is Calculus: A Physical and Intuitive Approach by Morris Kline. Here is the problem, in chapter 3.2, where he introduces basics of the integration process without yet employing integral notation.
A subway train travels over a distance s in t seconds. It starts from rest (zero velocity) and ends at rest. In the first part of its journey it moves with constant acceleration f and in the second part with constant deceleration (negative acceleration) r. Show that s = [f (f + r)]t² /2.
I can see that if s=[f(f+r)][(t² )/2],
then v=[f(f+r)]t,
and a=f(f+r).
So I suppose I have to find a way to determine that the positive acceleration f followed by the negative acceleration r, should together be equivalent to average (?) acceleration a. That is, despite the train having two distinct and disjunct accelerations, its acceleration as a single value can be determined in a single formula, namely a.
When I see f(f+r), I think it’s an inverse of (f+r)/fr, aka 1/f + 1/r. But I don’t know how to justify configuring f and r into their own respective inverses for that sum, or summing them at all, or even making an inverse of that full sum to get f(f+r). So I’m lost on how to reach it.
Based on where I am in the book (using anti differentiation without yet being introduced to integral notation), I tried to use the methods encouraged thus far, which would have been to build the s equation by means of the antiderivatives of the constant f and r accelerations. But f and r are disjunct values, thus they seem to need their own velocity and distance functions, and the distances of each can simply be added together after determining them separately. Thus if I’m determining f and r as distinct functions, then the time t taken to first reach its velocity from rest, and then to bring it back to rest, should be different lengths between those two segments. So then I feel stuck determining separate functions with t1 and t2 applying to the formulas for f and r respectively, and trying to combine them back at the end feels hopeless.
Strangely enough though, if I disregarded the idea that t was actually broken into t1 and t2 and treated both functions crudely in respect to simply t, I got the closest I got to the final answer. That is, if the distance s=s1+s2, where s1 is the distance when f is applied, and s2 is the distance when r is applied, then s1=(ft² )/2 and s2=(rt² )/2 + Vt where again I’m making t inexplicably identical between the two functions, and V here is the velocity achieved by the f segment, and can be rewritten as ft, making (ft² ) from that nomial. However, without even doing that, I can now rewrite s as s = s1 + s2 = (ft² )/2 + (rt² )/2 + Vt = (f+r)(t² /2) + Vt, or even = (f+r)(t² /2) + (ft² ) and that at least has the (f + r) present but even if I try to simplify from here I just get (3f + r)(t² /2) and it feels like I lost it.
How the hell do I solve this??