Math worksheet-graphing temperatures

All things Chameleons: Veiled, Panthers, Jacksons & MORE all actively discussed here! Expert advice

2011.04.21 06:10 flip69 All things Chameleons: Veiled, Panthers, Jacksons & MORE all actively discussed here! Expert advice

One of the largest and best online communities for those that wish to learn more about Chameleons. Up to date husbandry & captive care practices. Show off your animals, your successes, and hopefully help prevent any sorrows along the way. Founded and moderated by experienced breeders and hobbyists as one of the largest Chameleon specific communities in the world. This sub is closely moderated to maintain a friendly & informative space. Expert advice for Veiled, Panther and Jacksons species
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2024.05.21 06:20 ssubuind Trane XE1200 TTP036C100A2 - no Cold Air

I recently bought a house in Texas which came with a Trane XE1200 split cooling system. Model No. TTP036C100A2
It was running okay till about last weekend (temperatures are rising outside). However, since Saturday, it blows cold air in the mornings and hot air (80+ F) in the evenings. The system resets the next day with cold air in the morning followed by hot air in the afternoon/evening (4 PM+). I was able to determine that the
  1. outdoor unit fan turns on.
  2. compressor turns on (can hear the humming).
  3. indoor unit blower fan turns on.
I also did some checks on the system based on a forum: https://www.diychatroom.com/threads/trane-xe1200-troubleshooting-no-cold-air.734143/
  1. The filters are brand new.
  2. The dual run capacitor had 38.5 microF between Herm-Common and 12.5 microF between Fan-Common. The capacitor is rated as 40+12.5 microF with +/- 5%.
  3. The starting capacitor had 190 microF. The capacitor is rated as 150 +/-10%.
  4. The contactor appears intact - both fan and compressor turns on. I can hear an audible click and see the contactor closing when the thermostat (Nest learning) calls for cooling. I also checked for continuity across the contactor using a multimeter (with the disconnect off) and it beeped fine.
  5. The refrigerant level seems adequate (a technician came in to inspect it today, and of course the system was working fine at that point).
  6. The technician also pointed out that a low refrigerant scenario would present with frosting/ice formation on the copper pipes. This has not been the case, in fact the copper pipes are lukewarm (80+ F).
Based on input from the other thread, I measured the resistance across the compressor windings. This is what I found when the unit started blowing hot air. Start-Common = 1.5 Ohms Run-Common = 0.6 Ohms Start-Run = 2.1 Ohms
The math appears to check-out.
I have asked for the technician to come back, but I am afraid I will have a repeat of what happened today, with the unit working fine when they arrive and give me trouble after.
Are there any other checks/diagnostics I can run to determine what the cause is?
submitted by ssubuind to hvacadvice [link] [comments]

2024.05.20 19:08 Carrasco_Santo Artificial Super Intelligence = solve complex problems

I've seen a lot about whether AI (in this case, LLMs) no longer have some level of consciousness, etc., the dilemmas that fiction has been raising for decades.
But for me, I would only be convinced of this once AI is able to solve complex problems that go beyond the norm. Because AI is trained on a huge amount of data and this data sometimes reveals a pattern, AI is great at solving problems that follow patterns. Now, what is different from this, which requires extreme human intellectual capacity to solve extremely complex problems, I will only be scared of AI when it reaches this level.
I'm going to show you several of the complex problems that sometimes take generations of humans to solve that AI is still incapable of solving (but I'll appreciate it if I'm proven wrong :) ).
List of unsolved problems in mathematics
The first big wall that AIs will have to climb. These are problems without solutions and, particularly, very difficult to solve. It's so difficult that every now and then someone solves a problem like this, as was the case with the Russian Grigori Perelman.
Extremely complex problems involving mechanical engineering and its different ways of building a simpler (or not, depending on the case), efficient, less polluting, more economical, lighter weight, lower price engine that can be mass produced.
Another type of extremely complex problem, the design of new combustion engines may seem easy to a layman's eye, but for those who work in the area it is extremely difficult to imagine something from scratch, unprecedented, that could present advantages compared to current 4-stroke combustion engines and construction in cylinder head, block and crankcase. There are hundreds of types/designs of combustion engines already thought of, with a minority of them taken to real tests and the filter here is relentless: even those that were taken to real tests with small-scale prototypes, few survived to tell the story.
Highly complex materials science problems
Right, right, here at this point you can argue examples like Google and other companies that are developing specific AIs to predict, for example, the complexity of protein folding to cure diseases and everything else and that this can be used, perhaps in a way a little similar, to develop new materials... but would it be so easy? I think that the problem of protein folding is not the same as the discovery of new materials, I believe (I could be wrong) that the discovery of new materials is a process that is many times more complex. New metal alloys that could be a real-life "adamantium"? A new molecule that would be a revolutionary liquid fuel? The material that supports the most heat in the universe and is not very complex to manufacture and can be manufactured en masse? (why not? It would make so many things possible)
edit: Oh yeah, don't forget the superconductor at room temperature.
Just a few simple considerations and reflections...
submitted by Carrasco_Santo to singularity [link] [comments]

2024.05.20 05:32 squatsandthoughts Passed! 3AT - Took it at home & Here is my advice for actual learning/mastery

I took my exam yesterday (May 18) at home, and I found out today I passed 3AT! I did not believe I was going to pass. I absolutely thought I had failed and was planning on when to take the exam again. Like others, I thought I would share some of what I did and some recommendations especially if you are taking it at home. Of note, I used to work with college students and teach them how to improve their academic skills (not memorizing but mastering material, not freaking out at an exam, etc) so I wrote this with academic coaching in mind.
Things That Helped Me/My advice:
I hope this helps someone out there. Sorry it was long but glad you made it to the end!
submitted by squatsandthoughts to pmp [link] [comments]

2024.05.19 18:15 Consistent_Bit_3295 Current systems are enough for ASI. Here is my simple take(discussion is open):

People keep ignoring that the best LLM's are 0.1% the size of the human brain, trained on 0.1% of the data of the human brain, largely trained on 1 modality, we have 5, and given no time to think. A house mouse brains is literally bigger(1 trillion synapses) or at least comparable than the best models.
Now GPT-4o has been released, it has more modalities, way faster and even better. When will people realize?We can add even more modalities to it like:Video(continually embedding images/pixels only which fluctuations), 3D(possibly utilizing gaussian splatting), Weather(herein: temperature ,wind ,pressure, air quality(several molecules), sea level, gravitational waves, amino acids, protein structures, .video games(each video game can kind of count as its own modality, and can help both as simulators, embodiment, but also as learning to think) and I can keep going. Some might seem crazy but they are not they all help make the models converge to a perfect world model, as well as thinking and reasoning about abstract representations.
These models can compress huge amount of data down to a much smaller size, you don't just do that magically, u need to create abstract representation(like how light shines and bounces) to utilize and chain together to create stuff like a specific image. These models learn similarities between all kinds of stuff, even stuff we might never have thought of, which is why a huge amount of data and different modalities are crucial, even if a modality might seem unconventional.
We have all the data in the world. The best models are trained on 15 trillion tokens which is 44GB tokenized, but YouTube has 1.500.000.000GB of data alone.It is all about how much is enough now, not if it is possible, but of course these systems will start gaining superhuman abilities before we reach full ASI, and many tasks don't need anything near human-level intelligence.
There are skeptics that I respect the opinion of like Yann Lecun. I don't have any problems with object driven ai, and think Jepa is both really promising for world model building as well as efficient search, but he admits it himself(in Lex Fridman podcast), the problem is really just that generative architectures is a very inefficient way, and has several problems. But still generative architectures def. have perks in how easy it is to modify, utilize, RL etc. Still there are many things being worked on that will help it, even simple ones like multi token prediction or token level search, and still these are just efficiency gain and not a bottleneck. Q* is of course one such attempt, which is why ASI might be closer than it appears :).
Also confabulation/hallucination are just discrepancies in the dataset, and models have very low certainty for predictions of names and similar, so you can indeed look at the models percentage accuracy of prediction to infer its certainty. Everything lies between certainty and uncertainty to an intelligent observer, there are no facts, as you cannot trust your brain. Like how people with dementia are certain of an occurence that has not happened before. The dataset could say that unicorns exist on the moon in the dataset, and without anything directly stating it can still say they don’t like if they have read fantasy books they won’t say necrophages exist, so in a way confabulations are what make them great.These things will improve with scale, RL, thought etc, and interpretability could give a number of the model certainty on certain stuff.
Reasoning isn’t a pretty prevalent in biological brains, generally only in mammals, and specifically really just Humans. There are so many shortcomings to develop high reasoning and cognitive capability through evolution. Human brains have so many biases and are not wired to be math experts, doctors, and computer scientist. Most importantly we have no text modality, making us remarkably inefficient at obtaining knowledge, and matching patterns in huge data sets. Remember ai doesn’t have the same constraints; it doesn’t matter if it takes several trillion dollars, tera-watts, hectares of datacenters, 10+ modalities and Exa-Bytes of data.
With the current post training paradigms I think a Mixed-Modal, Sparse-MoE utilizing XOT will get us there in under 2 years.
submitted by Consistent_Bit_3295 to ArtificialInteligence [link] [comments]

2024.05.19 17:16 chrisdub84 Software for making good notes/materials? (Math especially)

I teach high school math and I tend to be pretty picky about my materials, to the point where I like to make my own. But I absolutely hate using most word processors, even with plug-ins, for writing out equations, tables, or graphs (if you even have the option). So I end up making and copying some hand-written notes and materials because I can make them exactly the way I want without spending as much time.
I would like to make some things that are a bit more polished though and don't look so homemade. I have seen what other teachers have created, so I know there must be a way.
Teachers who make great worksheets or notes, how do you do it? Are there software packages or sites you find both efficient to use and look nice? Copying and pasting a graph from Desmos looks very sad, for example. I'm teaching up to Calculus, so I need something that handles all of the math symbols.
submitted by chrisdub84 to Teachers [link] [comments]

2024.05.19 10:58 jenajiejing The Secret of Human Bodies – Examples Proving the Existence of the Greatest Creator

Xue Feng Though the modern medicine has limited knowledge of human bodies, what we have known is enough for us to admire the excellent human body structure and functions. Each system and organ in the human body is designed by the Greatest Creator. Even those trivial body parts have great functions. For example, there are several types of hairs on human bodies with distinct forms and functions. The head hair is designed to protect and beautify the head. It can grow long. According to the Bible, “But if a woman has long hair, it is a glory to her: for her hair is given her for a covering.” The eyebrows can divert sweat and rain, preventing them into the eyes. That’s why they are lined above the two eyes. Eyelashes can prevent the dust and other things from entering the eyes. That’s why they are lined on the sides of the eyelids. Also they stand forward in a special curve because it wouldn’t hinder the eyesight or pierce into the eyes when closing the eyes. If the eyebrows and eyelashes are too long, they will hinder the eyesight. That’s why they wouldn’t grow as long as the hair or beards. The nasal hairs can filter the inhaled air. That’s why they grow inside the nostril and stand sideways and outwards. If they stand inwards, the other things will find it easy to come into the nostrils and difficult to go out. The armpit hairs can prevent the partial friction and help the sweat evaporate. Without the armpit hairs, we have to raise our arms. Otherwise the skin under the arm will become inflamed because of the friction and moist. Required by the function, the armpit hairs cannot grow as long as the head hairs, or as short as the eyebrows. Besides, they are soft and curving. If they are rigid and coarse, they will hurt the skin. And cilia grow on the intestinal epithelium. The cilia grow downward and vibrate together. The vibrating waves move downward from upward to help move down the intestinal contents. Cilia also grow on the airway and bronchus epithelium. However, they grow and vibrate in the opposite direction as those on the intestinal epithelium. Only in this way can they move the sputum upward to the throat and spit them. If they grow downward, the airway and bronchus would get stuck by the sputum and the humans would die from it. Now I wish to take two simple reflections of human bodies as an example. When foreign matters enter the nostrils or airways, they will arouse two protective reflections, sneeze or cough, which is designed to repel the foreign matters. But due to different situation, these two reflections differ in their approaches. The foreign matters in the nostrils are not urgent so the sneeze reflection can be prepared in a composed way. First, inhale slowly; open the mouth, and the soft place move upward to block the nostril. Then breathe in enough air through the mouth, and the pleural body contracts sharply to emit the air in the lungs quickly. When the emitting reaches its peak, the tongue rises abruptly to block the mouth to repel the air to go out swiftly through the nostrils. In this way the foreign matters in the nostrils are driven out. However, if the foreign matters enter the airway, it is an emergent situation. If the foreign matters are not driven out timely, the life will be put at risk. The inhaling is strictly forbidden because it will make the foreign matters go deeper and cause suffocation. So the cough doesn’t include the inhaling. Instead, the glottis closes immediately. At the same time, the pleural body contracts suddenly and adds the lung air pressure extremely. When the pressure is at its strongest point, the glottis opens suddenly and the lung air sends out explosively, compelling the foreign matters in the airway to the throat via the glottis. At this time, the soft place rises to block the nostrils. The foreign matters are spit out through the mouth. If the tongue and the soft place perform the same way as in the sneeze, the foreign matters emitted out of the airway will enter the nostrils, causing another trouble. In these two reflections, the body parts must cooperate closely. Any failure in the coordination will lead to the failure of the reflection, causing serious consequences. So these activities are not done freely. Instead, they are done as required by their functions and set procedures. These procedures are not learnt or practices. The program has been rooted in our brain nerve structure (nerve nucleus) when we are born. Otherwise, the babies will not survive. The advanced computer science has made it possible to simulate these activities. However, the simulation requires 3 conditions: 1. Device simulating the inhale and exhaling of human mouth, nose, throat, pleural and the sensing device; 2. The central control equipment simulating nerves and body system (compute, input and output devices). The above two devices are hardware. And software is also needed, namely (3). A program composed in strict compliance with the requirements to control the performance and procedure of each link, and arrange them in perfect coordination. All the three conditions are imperative. Otherwise the reflections can’t be realized. The program itself is not a substance structure. Instead, it is a smart use and spiritual result. There will be no such a thing as the program without the smart use. So we have to ask, the program is composed by the humans and stored in the computer, how about the control program in the human brain. Is it also composed by someone and stored in the human brain? Sneeze and cough are the simplest examples. There are numerous automatically controlled physical, bio-chemical and pathological human body activities, which are even more sophisticated than reflections of cough. Even today, some of them remain mysteries to us. So how are these sophisticated control programs composed? And where do they come from? Now let’s have a look at the sensory organs on human bodies. Why do we have two ears? The reason is that one ear is not able to identify the direction. With the ears lying on two sides of the head, the sound reaches the ears in sequence of time. Based on the slight receiving time difference, the brain can judge where the sound comes from. The auricle is the most outward component of the ear. It can introduce the sound into the external auditory canal. Within the auricle there is a thin layer of cartilage helping to retain the form of auricle, giving it wonderful elasticity and protecting it from the clashes. Without the cartilage, the auricle is just two useless pieces of skin hanging on the head side. If the thin bone is inside the auricle, it will break easily even if when you are sleeping on your side, damaging the auricle. There is fuzz on the outer segment of the external auditory canal preventing the sand and dust. The inner segment secretes cerumen to prevent insects. When foreign matters enter the external auditory canal, it will trigger head shaking, instead of sneeze or cough, to get the matters out. Because the external auditory canal is a blind passage, it is impossible to repel the foreign matters with air. Why don’t the foreign matters in the nostrils arouse the head-shaking reflection to repel them? That’s because the nostrils of humans almost lie in the middle of the head. The shaking is not able to produce enough centrifugal force. Besides, the human nostrils face downward and it is improper to repel the foreign matters by shaking the head. The sound is produced by the mechanical vibration of objects and is transmitted by the air fluctuation, or the sound waves. The human ears are actually working like a precise mechanical vibration monitor. In the inner ear there are a number of keyboards with different sizes, producing nerve impulses produced by echoing with corresponding frequencies. The brain, in accordance with the features of these impulses, identifies the strength, tunes and timbre of the sounds. We must note though there are many sensory organs in human bodies, only the inner ear is protected by the most solid and firm bones. In fact, it lies in the cave part of the temporal bone. Of all the sensory organs, only the ears monitor the mechanical vibration, which needs a relatively fixed position. Otherwise, it is not able to monitor the sound. If the inner ear lies in the soft tissues, when the sound wave arrives, the inner ear will vibrate with it. Thus it can hear nothing. Now the inner ear lies in the firm bone and it can’t sense the air vibration. So it is imperative to reduce the density waves to the mechanical vibrations before sending them to the inner ear. And there is such a reduction device at the middle bottom of the external auditory canal, which is called the eardrum. The eardrum has enough space to receive the air pressure. It is thin enough to vibrate when the sound wave arrives. Meanwhile, the eardrum is strong enough to push the transmission device. The long handle of the middle ear cartilage is attached to its inner side, the tensile force of which makes the eardrum sink inside slightly to maintain certain tension. This allows the eardrum to accurately reduce the arriving sound waves into the mechanical vibrations. No matter what the temperature is, the vibration function is not impacted. After the sound waves are reduced into the mechanical vibration, some rigid objects are needed to transmit the vibration to the inner ear. Of all body tissues, the most rigid objects are the bones. However, the bones are heavy in general and covered by the soft tissues, which are not suitable for the audio vibration. However, in the tympanic cavity between the eardrum and the inner ear, there are three unique tiny bones with delicate forms measured in millimeters. They are almost completely exposed to the air in the tympanic cavity. These three tiny bones are connected by ligament and form a transmission chain in curve with excellent audio vibration function, able to transmit accurately the vibration of the eardrum to the inner ear. The transmission device can properly multiply the weak vibration and reduce the strong sound wave. All of these structures are the super designs required by the acoustics. There are even smarter designs in the hearing organ. For example, to make the eardrum vibrate freely following the arriving sound waves, the two sides of the eardrums must be exposed to the air. As a result, there is a tympanic cavity full of air in the middle ear. If the cavity is filled by liquids, just as other cavities are, the eardrum is not able to vibrate because the liquids can’t contract. Besides, the cavity does not only need to be filled with air, but also needs to be connected to the outside world with a proper passage, to balance the static air pressure in the cavity with the outside air pressure. Otherwise, the air in the cavity will gradually be absorbed, causing the eardrum to sink excessively or damaging it. When the outside air pressure changes, (such as in mountain climbing, diving, the airplane takeoff or climate change), it will arouse uncomfortable feelings or lead to hearing malfunction. But the middle ear can’t be opened to the outside world directly, just like the external auditory canal or nostrils can. The reason is that the direct exposure will make the arriving waving sound reach the two sides of the eardrums at the same time via the external auditory canal and middle ear passage, counteracting the sound pressure. Thus the eardrums will not vibrate at all, unable to produce the hearing. So it is a difficult problem to connect the middle ear and the outside world. However, the human body, with a smart design, solves this problem. The middle ear is opened at the two sides in the upper rear of the pharynx via a half-opened passage (the so-called auditory tube). The auditory tube is locked in common times and only opened temporarily when taking the swallowing actions, balancing the air pressure in the middle ear shortly. After the swallowing action is over, the auditory tube is locked again. Apart from eating, human body would regularly take swallowing action unconsciously, even when he or she is sleeping. Thus the air pressure in the middle ear can be adjusted from time to time and avoid the hearing from being hindered. Besides, when swallowing, the swallowing segment and the soft palate will definitely rise, blocking the mouth and nostrils against the outside world. So on the moment when the ear and throat are opened shortly, though the air in the throat can enter the middle ear, the sound waves from the outside world are blocked against the middle ear. As a result, the hearing will not be interfered and can receive the outside sound and voice. Only the throat in the body can meet the special demand of the hearing organs. The throat is originally designed as part of the digestion and breathing system, it does not belong to sensory system. However, it can cooperate so smartly with the hearing organs. We have to admire the extremely delicate body-wise design. The vestibule in the inner ear controls the balance of the body. In the vestibule there are 3 semicircular canals. When the body loses balance, the mutually-vertical semicircular canals produce the balance impulse, which triggers the corresponding reflection via the balance center in the medulla brain. Why are there 3 semicircular canals instead of 2 or 4? And why are they mutually vertical? The reason is apparent. Humans live in the 3-dimensional space. There are 3 mutually-vertical movement directions, namely, front and rear, left and right, upward and downward. So the 3 mutually-vertical semicircular canals can monitor the movements. The number less than 3 or more than 3 would be insufficient or redundant. We can see the delicate and smart structure and function, and the supreme wisdom in them. They can’t be the accidental results. As the most important perception of human bodies, vision provides more information than that provided by all other perceptions. The vision is the perception of image and space and the visual organs must have the most precise and accurate structure completely different from other sensory organs. As a result, in the perspective of the embryo-genesis or neuro-anatomy, the main structure of the eyes is not just the common receptor. Instead, it is part of the cerebral cortex. The so-called optic nerves are completely different from other cerebrospinal nerves. In essence, the optic nerves are inner structure in the brain, transmitting the most sophisticated visual information. The eyes function like a precise camera. The retina composed of the photoreceptor cells is just like the films. The crystal, iris and the cornea works like the lens, diaphragm and the filter. However, the precision and automatic adjustment of the eyes is no match of any high-quality cameras. For example, the lens in modern cameras is made of special glass or hard plastics with fixed focal distance. When taking pictures for the landscapes with different distances, the lens position must be adjusted. Otherwise, the image will not be produced on the films. But this is an awkward approach. Imagine when the eyes are watching landscapes with different distances, the eyeballs have to protrude or recess alternatively, which looks ugly or damages the health and function of the eyes. However, the crystal in the eyes are transparent and elastic colloid, which can adjust automatically the focal distance in accordance with the distance of the objects to make sure all the objects can be imaged on the retina, without changing the position of the crystal. Such automatic adjustment function can’t be fulfilled by any camera. If we observe the eyes in the perspective of modern TV technologies, the eyes are more like the television camera, but thousands of times more precise than the television cameras. The TV image is composed of dense pixels (the mixed dark or brilliant light spots). Till now, the best TV image only contains less than 1 million pixels. However, the human eyes can produce image containing 20 billion pixels. Only the eyes can see the details of objects. No matter how clear or accurate the image is, it is still a plan view image. Then how the eyes can provide the dimensional image is a key issue of providing the complete vision. But it is not an easy task at all to convert the flat view image into the dimensional one. For a long time, people have been puzzled by how the conversion is done. Of course, we later knew the smartness and delicacy of the human body shown here. The two eyes send the flat view images they receive into the same nerve center, which contrasts and analyzes the images and judges the distance of the objects based on the slight visual angle difference caused by the position difference of the two eyes. Thus the dimensional image is produced. That’s why people have to have 2 eyes to establish the complete vision. Based on such understanding, humans have invented the dimensional movies. But the above is only the external process of how vision is formed. People have little knowledge about how the visual center works inside. We have to admit that the mysteries of human body structure and functions are beyond the intelligence of mankind. As a matter of fact, the distance judgment with two eyes is the triangulation technique which is precise and automatic. The accurate measurement needs two premises. First, the two eyes must focus on one object at the same time. Otherwise, there will be double vision, which means the one objects will be seen as two objects. As a result, the complete neuromuscular system is equipped on the outside of the eyeballs, making the eyeballs the most flexible and accurate organs. The ciliary muscle inside the eyeballs can adjust the conversion rate of the crystal at any time to focus on the object and form the clearest image. Second, the retina of the two eyes must be strictly symmetrical. Otherwise, the image contrast of the two eyes will become impossible. Furthermore, the images received by the two eyes must be transmitted at the same time to the same visual center for contrast and analysis. There are two visual nerves on the left and right side of the brain, supervising respectively the two sides of the vision field. The objects in the left of the vision field are reflected, via the eye pupil, on the retina of the right sides of the two eyeballs. The corresponding images in the two eyes, via the visual nerve, are sent to the visual center on the right side of the brain. The objects in the right of the vision field are reflected, via the eye pupil, on the retina of the left sides of the two eyeballs. The corresponding images in the two eyes, via the visual nerve, are sent to the visual center on the left side of the brain. The two visual nerves contrast the corresponding images coming from the eyes and produce the full-field dimensional images. The pairs of human parts are often symmetrical on the outside. Only the retinas are symmetrical in the same position. Namely, the left side is symmetrical to the left side and the right side symmetrical to the right side of the two retinas. That’s because the light rays come in directly. Otherwise, the visual centers can’t receive the corresponding images or get the coordinated vision. The structural symmetry of the retinas in the two eyes must be accurate to the utmost. Otherwise the images in the two eyes will not comply with each other and the ambiguity will occur. Besides, the corresponding images from the two eyes must be sent to the same visual center. Thus the optic nerves must have the corresponding special structure to realize the cross-transmission of the images. This is the unique “chiasma opticum” unique to the optic nerves. This function is not possessed by any other nervus cerebrospinalis because they don’t handle the information of images and space. If we use the computers and monitoring cameras to simulate the process of human vision, the input network of the computers has to have a similar chiasm. No other design can do it. Judging from the above, we can find all the human organs, structures and functions have shown the supreme wisdom. And these are the ways they should be. Some people think that human body has some useless organs, such as the thymus gland, appendix, tonsil and coccyx, in order to prove the human structure is imperfect. Some people used to believe that these organs were not that useful. Instead, they tend to arouse diseases such as appendicitis and tonsillitis. If these organs are cut off, it will not have much impact on the human body. In the past, people used to classify spleens and other organs into the useless organs. There was a list of useless organs in the past which included over 100 organs. But the list was long not because these organs are useless but because people at the time were ignorant. As more we know about the organs, most of them have been deleted from the list and there are only a few still remain in the list. Some people think that these organs are the leftovers of human evolution, which are called the “waste back organs” and use them as one of the evidences of evolution theory. This is a complete misunderstanding. Till not we have understood there are no such things as the “obsolescent organs”. It is simply the lack of knowledge of these organs. Take the thymus gland as an example. In the past, people didn’t know its function. Now we have understood it is the warning device of the human body against the inner and outer infection sources. As a result, the thymus gland contributes a lot to the human health. Another example, if the coccyx fractures, it will cause serious functional disturbance. So the coccyx is also an imperative part of human body. Some people might say these organs can trigger diseases. Then all human organs can lead to diseases, even brain and heart are of no exceptions. Why don’t we say the brain and heart are useless? Some organs, though they are not as important as the heart and brain and wouldn’t endanger life immediately when eliminated, are also useful. Just like if the hands or feet are lost, though not fatal, the human body is handicapped. After knowing the supreme and smart design of human structures and functions, you might want to know how they come into being. Who has designed and made such sophisticated and precise organs? We cannot avoid the question. Any truth-seeking person would admit that the extremely delicate organs and structures are not produced naturally or accidently. For instance, if someone gives you a top-class camera and tells you it is a natural one without designer or manufacturer; do you think his words are scientific and acceptable? The human body, which is even more delicate, accurate, flexible and practical, must have a supremely wise and capable creator behind it. On a spring Sunday morning in 1954, I saw a young stranger sitting in the chamber of a Church. When we started to talk, I knew that he was a student at Peking Union Medical College. He said to me, “Since I studied anatomy and physiology, I have felt the human body is really a wonder. It is not possible to understand it unless we interpret the wonder with a God.” He came to the church to seek an answer. The wonder of this young man is not the only example. I remember that when I was studying anatomy and physiology in school, some students surrounded our physiology teacher and kept asking him questions. Finally, the teacher, annoyed by so many questions, told us, “Please stop the questions because they will lead to religion in the end.” Because of the special political background at the time, the teacher’s warning silenced all the students. But his warning impressed me deeply and remained in my memory till today. My thought at that time was that the teacher was right because all the things were created by the God. Though he was not a Christian, he had to admit the truth and the further probe into the human body mysteries (part of the Universe mysteries) would definitely lead to the existence of the God (religion) in the end. Otherwise, it would be impossible to explain the wonders of the human body. The Bible says, “For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse.”(1:20 Romans 1) Was the teacher demonstrating his scientific spirit? No. The scientific spirit means the truth and boldly pursuit of the truth without avoiding any controversy. The teacher knew very clearly that one more step forward would lead to the God but he dared not move onto the path towards the truth. Instead, he asked his students to stop there. It has shown that many people refuse to admit the existence of God not because they don’t have the scientific spirit but because of the social pressure, individual consideration for their interest and prospect, just as what the teacher was doing at that time. Nevertheless, the existence of the God would not change. And we cannot live in such considerations for the reality forever. One day in the future, when we have to face the ultimate choice, we will have to face the supreme master who has created the Universe and the human beings. The Bible says, “And as it is appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgment.” If we don’t accept the immoral God now, we have no excuse when it comes to the day. When we talk about the origin of all things in the Universe, some young people often ask, “You have said the humans are created by the God, then who has created the God?” The analogizing logics seem to be reasonable. But it is not true. Because the God is the creator instead of the created, you can’t link these together. The table is made by the carpenter. But you cannot say the carpenter and the table have the same origin. Human benings’ understand of the God is only limited to the enlightenment from the God to the humans. Otherwise, humans cannot understand the mystery of God’s nature. The God says, “I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.” (Exodus 3:14 and Revelation 1:8). For the God, there is only the eternality, and there is no time, beginning or ending. Even in the scientific field, too many analogizing questions won’t be tolerated. One scholar was talking about the belief in the God with his students. One student asked suddenly and proudly, “Where does the Universe come from?” The scholar answers, “The Universe is created by the God.” The student continued to ask, “Who has created the God?” The scholar answered, “The God is Alpha and Omega and I am not created.” The student said, “This is not scientific at all.” The scholar then asked the student, “Where does the Earth come from?” The student answered, “The Earth comes from the Sun.” The scholar continued to ask, “Where does the Sun come from?” The student answered, “The Sun comes from the Galaxy.” The scholar asked again, “Where does the Galaxy come from?” The student hesitated and answered, “The Galaxy comes from the nature.” The scholar continued to ask, “Where does the nature come from?” The student couldn’t answer this question and said in anger, “The nature is the nature and comes naturally.” The scholar then laughed, “This is not scientific at all.” So we can conclude that the “scientific” answers are not scientific. Another example is that the sciences tell people that substances are composed of the molecules. Then what are the molecules composed of? The molecules are composed of the atoms. But what are the atoms composed of? They are composed of the electrons, protons and neutrons. Then what are the electrons, protons and neutrons composed of? Till now, we cannot find an answer to this question. The atomic physicists are now working hard to find the “elementary particle”. They are called “basic particles” because the scientists don’t expect the substances to be divided limitlessly. So they believe that one day they will find the ultimate component, the “elementary particle”. Of course, the scientists will not ask such question of “what is something composed of?” This is the extremity and everything ends here. The materialists claim that the Universe is limitless and that the materials are eternal and can be divided limitlessly, etc. They are simply the groundless conclusion of the philosophers. And there is an extremity in their logics, the materials. They say that the materials are Alpha and Omega but can’t tell where the materials come from. Now let’s have a look at the math. All numbers come from 1, followed by 2, 3…. You can’t ask what the 1 is because 1 is 1, and not other numbers. It means that 1 is the origin of all numbers. The Greatest Creator has created all things and the Greatest Creator is the origin of them. It will be meaningless to ask where the Greatest Creator comes from.
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2024.05.19 10:57 jenajiejing The Secret of Human Bodies – Examples Proving the Existence of the Greatest Creator

The Secret of Human Bodies – Examples Proving the Existence of the Greatest Creator
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Xue Feng
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https://preview.redd.it/inye2mb6lc1d1.jpg?width=606&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=91a7161a35c1824c81442d04ca1efb17d2cbda20
Though the modern medicine has limited knowledge of human bodies, what we have known is enough for us to admire the excellent human body structure and functions. Each system and organ in the human body is designed by the Greatest Creator. Even those trivial body parts have great functions. For example, there are several types of hairs on human bodies with distinct forms and functions. The head hair is designed to protect and beautify the head. It can grow long. According to the Bible, “But if a woman has long hair, it is a glory to her: for her hair is given her for a covering.” The eyebrows can divert sweat and rain, preventing them into the eyes. That’s why they are lined above the two eyes. Eyelashes can prevent the dust and other things from entering the eyes. That’s why they are lined on the sides of the eyelids. Also they stand forward in a special curve because it wouldn’t hinder the eyesight or pierce into the eyes when closing the eyes. If the eyebrows and eyelashes are too long, they will hinder the eyesight. That’s why they wouldn’t grow as long as the hair or beards. The nasal hairs can filter the inhaled air. That’s why they grow inside the nostril and stand sideways and outwards. If they stand inwards, the other things will find it easy to come into the nostrils and difficult to go out. The armpit hairs can prevent the partial friction and help the sweat evaporate. Without the armpit hairs, we have to raise our arms. Otherwise the skin under the arm will become inflamed because of the friction and moist. Required by the function, the armpit hairs cannot grow as long as the head hairs, or as short as the eyebrows. Besides, they are soft and curving. If they are rigid and coarse, they will hurt the skin. And cilia grow on the intestinal epithelium. The cilia grow downward and vibrate together. The vibrating waves move downward from upward to help move down the intestinal contents. Cilia also grow on the airway and bronchus epithelium. However, they grow and vibrate in the opposite direction as those on the intestinal epithelium. Only in this way can they move the sputum upward to the throat and spit them. If they grow downward, the airway and bronchus would get stuck by the sputum and the humans would die from it.
Now I wish to take two simple reflections of human bodies as an example. When foreign matters enter the nostrils or airways, they will arouse two protective reflections, sneeze or cough, which is designed to repel the foreign matters. But due to different situation, these two reflections differ in their approaches. The foreign matters in the nostrils are not urgent so the sneeze reflection can be prepared in a composed way. First, inhale slowly; open the mouth, and the soft place move upward to block the nostril. Then breathe in enough air through the mouth, and the pleural body contracts sharply to emit the air in the lungs quickly. When the emitting reaches its peak, the tongue rises abruptly to block the mouth to repel the air to go out swiftly through the nostrils. In this way the foreign matters in the nostrils are driven out. However, if the foreign matters enter the airway, it is an emergent situation. If the foreign matters are not driven out timely, the life will be put at risk. The inhaling is strictly forbidden because it will make the foreign matters go deeper and cause suffocation. So the cough doesn’t include the inhaling. Instead, the glottis closes immediately. At the same time, the pleural body contracts suddenly and adds the lung air pressure extremely. When the pressure is at its strongest point, the glottis opens suddenly and the lung air sends out explosively, compelling the foreign matters in the airway to the throat via the glottis. At this time, the soft place rises to block the nostrils. The foreign matters are spit out through the mouth. If the tongue and the soft place perform the same way as in the sneeze, the foreign matters emitted out of the airway will enter the nostrils, causing another trouble. In these two reflections, the body parts must cooperate closely. Any failure in the coordination will lead to the failure of the reflection, causing serious consequences. So these activities are not done freely. Instead, they are done as required by their functions and set procedures. These procedures are not learnt or practices. The program has been rooted in our brain nerve structure (nerve nucleus) when we are born. Otherwise, the babies will not survive.
The advanced computer science has made it possible to simulate these activities. However, the simulation requires 3 conditions: 1. Device simulating the inhale and exhaling of human mouth, nose, throat, pleural and the sensing device; 2. The central control equipment simulating nerves and body system (compute, input and output devices). The above two devices are hardware. And software is also needed, namely (3). A program composed in strict compliance with the requirements to control the performance and procedure of each link, and arrange them in perfect coordination. All the three conditions are imperative. Otherwise the reflections can’t be realized. The program itself is not a substance structure. Instead, it is a smart use and spiritual result. There will be no such a thing as the program without the smart use. So we have to ask, the program is composed by the humans and stored in the computer, how about the control program in the human brain. Is it also composed by someone and stored in the human brain? Sneeze and cough are the simplest examples. There are numerous automatically controlled physical, bio-chemical and pathological human body activities, which are even more sophisticated than reflections of cough. Even today, some of them remain mysteries to us. So how are these sophisticated control programs composed? And where do they come from?
Now let’s have a look at the sensory organs on human bodies. Why do we have two ears? The reason is that one ear is not able to identify the direction. With the ears lying on two sides of the head, the sound reaches the ears in sequence of time. Based on the slight receiving time difference, the brain can judge where the sound comes from. The auricle is the most outward component of the ear. It can introduce the sound into the external auditory canal. Within the auricle there is a thin layer of cartilage helping to retain the form of auricle, giving it wonderful elasticity and protecting it from the clashes. Without the cartilage, the auricle is just two useless pieces of skin hanging on the head side. If the thin bone is inside the auricle, it will break easily even if when you are sleeping on your side, damaging the auricle. There is fuzz on the outer segment of the external auditory canal preventing the sand and dust. The inner segment secretes cerumen to prevent insects. When foreign matters enter the external auditory canal, it will trigger head shaking, instead of sneeze or cough, to get the matters out. Because the external auditory canal is a blind passage, it is impossible to repel the foreign matters with air.
Why don’t the foreign matters in the nostrils arouse the head-shaking reflection to repel them? That’s because the nostrils of humans almost lie in the middle of the head. The shaking is not able to produce enough centrifugal force. Besides, the human nostrils face downward and it is improper to repel the foreign matters by shaking the head. The sound is produced by the mechanical vibration of objects and is transmitted by the air fluctuation, or the sound waves. The human ears are actually working like a precise mechanical vibration monitor. In the inner ear there are a number of keyboards with different sizes, producing nerve impulses produced by echoing with corresponding frequencies. The brain, in accordance with the features of these impulses, identifies the strength, tunes and timbre of the sounds.
We must note though there are many sensory organs in human bodies, only the inner ear is protected by the most solid and firm bones. In fact, it lies in the cave part of the temporal bone. Of all the sensory organs, only the ears monitor the mechanical vibration, which needs a relatively fixed position. Otherwise, it is not able to monitor the sound. If the inner ear lies in the soft tissues, when the sound wave arrives, the inner ear will vibrate with it. Thus it can hear nothing. Now the inner ear lies in the firm bone and it can’t sense the air vibration. So it is imperative to reduce the density waves to the mechanical vibrations before sending them to the inner ear. And there is such a reduction device at the middle bottom of the external auditory canal, which is called the eardrum. The eardrum has enough space to receive the air pressure. It is thin enough to vibrate when the sound wave arrives. Meanwhile, the eardrum is strong enough to push the transmission device. The long handle of the middle ear cartilage is attached to its inner side, the tensile force of which makes the eardrum sink inside slightly to maintain certain tension. This allows the eardrum to accurately reduce the arriving sound waves into the mechanical vibrations. No matter what the temperature is, the vibration function is not impacted. After the sound waves are reduced into the mechanical vibration, some rigid objects are needed to transmit the vibration to the inner ear. Of all body tissues, the most rigid objects are the bones. However, the bones are heavy in general and covered by the soft tissues, which are not suitable for the audio vibration. However, in the tympanic cavity between the eardrum and the inner ear, there are three unique tiny bones with delicate forms measured in millimeters. They are almost completely exposed to the air in the tympanic cavity. These three tiny bones are connected by ligament and form a transmission chain in curve with excellent audio vibration function, able to transmit accurately the vibration of the eardrum to the inner ear. The transmission device can properly multiply the weak vibration and reduce the strong sound wave. All of these structures are the super designs required by the acoustics.
There are even smarter designs in the hearing organ. For example, to make the eardrum vibrate freely following the arriving sound waves, the two sides of the eardrums must be exposed to the air. As a result, there is a tympanic cavity full of air in the middle ear. If the cavity is filled by liquids, just as other cavities are, the eardrum is not able to vibrate because the liquids can’t contract. Besides, the cavity does not only need to be filled with air, but also needs to be connected to the outside world with a proper passage, to balance the static air pressure in the cavity with the outside air pressure. Otherwise, the air in the cavity will gradually be absorbed, causing the eardrum to sink excessively or damaging it. When the outside air pressure changes, (such as in mountain climbing, diving, the airplane takeoff or climate change), it will arouse uncomfortable feelings or lead to hearing malfunction. But the middle ear can’t be opened to the outside world directly, just like the external auditory canal or nostrils can. The reason is that the direct exposure will make the arriving waving sound reach the two sides of the eardrums at the same time via the external auditory canal and middle ear passage, counteracting the sound pressure. Thus the eardrums will not vibrate at all, unable to produce the hearing. So it is a difficult problem to connect the middle ear and the outside world. However, the human body, with a smart design, solves this problem. The middle ear is opened at the two sides in the upper rear of the pharynx via a half-opened passage (the so-called auditory tube). The auditory tube is locked in common times and only opened temporarily when taking the swallowing actions, balancing the air pressure in the middle ear shortly. After the swallowing action is over, the auditory tube is locked again. Apart from eating, human body would regularly take swallowing action unconsciously, even when he or she is sleeping. Thus the air pressure in the middle ear can be adjusted from time to time and avoid the hearing from being hindered. Besides, when swallowing, the swallowing segment and the soft palate will definitely rise, blocking the mouth and nostrils against the outside world. So on the moment when the ear and throat are opened shortly, though the air in the throat can enter the middle ear, the sound waves from the outside world are blocked against the middle ear. As a result, the hearing will not be interfered and can receive the outside sound and voice. Only the throat in the body can meet the special demand of the hearing organs. The throat is originally designed as part of the digestion and breathing system, it does not belong to sensory system. However, it can cooperate so smartly with the hearing organs. We have to admire the extremely delicate body-wise design.
The vestibule in the inner ear controls the balance of the body. In the vestibule there are 3 semicircular canals. When the body loses balance, the mutually-vertical semicircular canals produce the balance impulse, which triggers the corresponding reflection via the balance center in the medulla brain. Why are there 3 semicircular canals instead of 2 or 4? And why are they mutually vertical? The reason is apparent. Humans live in the 3-dimensional space. There are 3 mutually-vertical movement directions, namely, front and rear, left and right, upward and downward. So the 3 mutually-vertical semicircular canals can monitor the movements. The number less than 3 or more than 3 would be insufficient or redundant. We can see the delicate and smart structure and function, and the supreme wisdom in them. They can’t be the accidental results.
As the most important perception of human bodies, vision provides more information than that provided by all other perceptions. The vision is the perception of image and space and the visual organs must have the most precise and accurate structure completely different from other sensory organs. As a result, in the perspective of the embryo-genesis or neuro-anatomy, the main structure of the eyes is not just the common receptor. Instead, it is part of the cerebral cortex. The so-called optic nerves are completely different from other cerebrospinal nerves. In essence, the optic nerves are inner structure in the brain, transmitting the most sophisticated visual information. The eyes function like a precise camera. The retina composed of the photoreceptor cells is just like the films. The crystal, iris and the cornea works like the lens, diaphragm and the filter. However, the precision and automatic adjustment of the eyes is no match of any high-quality cameras. For example, the lens in modern cameras is made of special glass or hard plastics with fixed focal distance. When taking pictures for the landscapes with different distances, the lens position must be adjusted. Otherwise, the image will not be produced on the films. But this is an awkward approach. Imagine when the eyes are watching landscapes with different distances, the eyeballs have to protrude or recess alternatively, which looks ugly or damages the health and function of the eyes. However, the crystal in the eyes are transparent and elastic colloid, which can adjust automatically the focal distance in accordance with the distance of the objects to make sure all the objects can be imaged on the retina, without changing the position of the crystal. Such automatic adjustment function can’t be fulfilled by any camera.
If we observe the eyes in the perspective of modern TV technologies, the eyes are more like the television camera, but thousands of times more precise than the television cameras. The TV image is composed of dense pixels (the mixed dark or brilliant light spots). Till now, the best TV image only contains less than 1 million pixels. However, the human eyes can produce image containing 20 billion pixels. Only the eyes can see the details of objects. No matter how clear or accurate the image is, it is still a plan view image. Then how the eyes can provide the dimensional image is a key issue of providing the complete vision. But it is not an easy task at all to convert the flat view image into the dimensional one. For a long time, people have been puzzled by how the conversion is done. Of course, we later knew the smartness and delicacy of the human body shown here. The two eyes send the flat view images they receive into the same nerve center, which contrasts and analyzes the images and judges the distance of the objects based on the slight visual angle difference caused by the position difference of the two eyes. Thus the dimensional image is produced. That’s why people have to have 2 eyes to establish the complete vision. Based on such understanding, humans have invented the dimensional movies. But the above is only the external process of how vision is formed. People have little knowledge about how the visual center works inside. We have to admit that the mysteries of human body structure and functions are beyond the intelligence of mankind.
As a matter of fact, the distance judgment with two eyes is the triangulation technique which is precise and automatic. The accurate measurement needs two premises. First, the two eyes must focus on one object at the same time. Otherwise, there will be double vision, which means the one objects will be seen as two objects. As a result, the complete neuromuscular system is equipped on the outside of the eyeballs, making the eyeballs the most flexible and accurate organs. The ciliary muscle inside the eyeballs can adjust the conversion rate of the crystal at any time to focus on the object and form the clearest image. Second, the retina of the two eyes must be strictly symmetrical. Otherwise, the image contrast of the two eyes will become impossible. Furthermore, the images received by the two eyes must be transmitted at the same time to the same visual center for contrast and analysis. There are two visual nerves on the left and right side of the brain, supervising respectively the two sides of the vision field. The objects in the left of the vision field are reflected, via the eye pupil, on the retina of the right sides of the two eyeballs. The corresponding images in the two eyes, via the visual nerve, are sent to the visual center on the right side of the brain. The objects in the right of the vision field are reflected, via the eye pupil, on the retina of the left sides of the two eyeballs. The corresponding images in the two eyes, via the visual nerve, are sent to the visual center on the left side of the brain. The two visual nerves contrast the corresponding images coming from the eyes and produce the full-field dimensional images. The pairs of human parts are often symmetrical on the outside. Only the retinas are symmetrical in the same position. Namely, the left side is symmetrical to the left side and the right side symmetrical to the right side of the two retinas. That’s because the light rays come in directly. Otherwise, the visual centers can’t receive the corresponding images or get the coordinated vision. The structural symmetry of the retinas in the two eyes must be accurate to the utmost. Otherwise the images in the two eyes will not comply with each other and the ambiguity will occur. Besides, the corresponding images from the two eyes must be sent to the same visual center. Thus the optic nerves must have the corresponding special structure to realize the cross-transmission of the images. This is the unique “chiasma opticum” unique to the optic nerves. This function is not possessed by any other nervus cerebrospinalis because they don’t handle the information of images and space. If we use the computers and monitoring cameras to simulate the process of human vision, the input network of the computers has to have a similar chiasm. No other design can do it. Judging from the above, we can find all the human organs, structures and functions have shown the supreme wisdom. And these are the ways they should be.
Some people think that human body has some useless organs, such as the thymus gland, appendix, tonsil and coccyx, in order to prove the human structure is imperfect. Some people used to believe that these organs were not that useful. Instead, they tend to arouse diseases such as appendicitis and tonsillitis. If these organs are cut off, it will not have much impact on the human body. In the past, people used to classify spleens and other organs into the useless organs. There was a list of useless organs in the past which included over 100 organs. But the list was long not because these organs are useless but because people at the time were ignorant. As more we know about the organs, most of them have been deleted from the list and there are only a few still remain in the list. Some people think that these organs are the leftovers of human evolution, which are called the “waste back organs” and use them as one of the evidences of evolution theory. This is a complete misunderstanding. Till not we have understood there are no such things as the “obsolescent organs”. It is simply the lack of knowledge of these organs. Take the thymus gland as an example. In the past, people didn’t know its function. Now we have understood it is the warning device of the human body against the inner and outer infection sources. As a result, the thymus gland contributes a lot to the human health. Another example, if the coccyx fractures, it will cause serious functional disturbance. So the coccyx is also an imperative part of human body. Some people might say these organs can trigger diseases. Then all human organs can lead to diseases, even brain and heart are of no exceptions. Why don’t we say the brain and heart are useless? Some organs, though they are not as important as the heart and brain and wouldn’t endanger life immediately when eliminated, are also useful. Just like if the hands or feet are lost, though not fatal, the human body is handicapped.
After knowing the supreme and smart design of human structures and functions, you might want to know how they come into being. Who has designed and made such sophisticated and precise organs? We cannot avoid the question. Any truth-seeking person would admit that the extremely delicate organs and structures are not produced naturally or accidently. For instance, if someone gives you a top-class camera and tells you it is a natural one without designer or manufacturer; do you think his words are scientific and acceptable? The human body, which is even more delicate, accurate, flexible and practical, must have a supremely wise and capable creator behind it.
On a spring Sunday morning in 1954, I saw a young stranger sitting in the chamber of a Church. When we started to talk, I knew that he was a student at Peking Union Medical College. He said to me, “Since I studied anatomy and physiology, I have felt the human body is really a wonder. It is not possible to understand it unless we interpret the wonder with a God.” He came to the church to seek an answer. The wonder of this young man is not the only example. I remember that when I was studying anatomy and physiology in school, some students surrounded our physiology teacher and kept asking him questions. Finally, the teacher, annoyed by so many questions, told us, “Please stop the questions because they will lead to religion in the end.” Because of the special political background at the time, the teacher’s warning silenced all the students. But his warning impressed me deeply and remained in my memory till today. My thought at that time was that the teacher was right because all the things were created by the God. Though he was not a Christian, he had to admit the truth and the further probe into the human body mysteries (part of the Universe mysteries) would definitely lead to the existence of the God (religion) in the end. Otherwise, it would be impossible to explain the wonders of the human body. The Bible says, “For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse.”(1:20 Romans 1) Was the teacher demonstrating his scientific spirit? No. The scientific spirit means the truth and boldly pursuit of the truth without avoiding any controversy. The teacher knew very clearly that one more step forward would lead to the God but he dared not move onto the path towards the truth. Instead, he asked his students to stop there. It has shown that many people refuse to admit the existence of God not because they don’t have the scientific spirit but because of the social pressure, individual consideration for their interest and prospect, just as what the teacher was doing at that time. Nevertheless, the existence of the God would not change. And we cannot live in such considerations for the reality forever. One day in the future, when we have to face the ultimate choice, we will have to face the supreme master who has created the Universe and the human beings. The Bible says, “And as it is appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgment.” If we don’t accept the immoral God now, we have no excuse when it comes to the day.
When we talk about the origin of all things in the Universe, some young people often ask, “You have said the humans are created by the God, then who has created the God?” The analogizing logics seem to be reasonable. But it is not true. Because the God is the creator instead of the created, you can’t link these together. The table is made by the carpenter. But you cannot say the carpenter and the table have the same origin. Human benings’ understand of the God is only limited to the enlightenment from the God to the humans. Otherwise, humans cannot understand the mystery of God’s nature. The God says, “I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.” (Exodus 3:14 and Revelation 1:8). For the God, there is only the eternality, and there is no time, beginning or ending.
Even in the scientific field, too many analogizing questions won’t be tolerated. One scholar was talking about the belief in the God with his students. One student asked suddenly and proudly, “Where does the Universe come from?” The scholar answers, “The Universe is created by the God.” The student continued to ask, “Who has created the God?” The scholar answered, “The God is Alpha and Omega and I am not created.” The student said, “This is not scientific at all.” The scholar then asked the student, “Where does the Earth come from?” The student answered, “The Earth comes from the Sun.” The scholar continued to ask, “Where does the Sun come from?” The student answered, “The Sun comes from the Galaxy.” The scholar asked again, “Where does the Galaxy come from?” The student hesitated and answered, “The Galaxy comes from the nature.” The scholar continued to ask, “Where does the nature come from?” The student couldn’t answer this question and said in anger, “The nature is the nature and comes naturally.” The scholar then laughed, “This is not scientific at all.” So we can conclude that the “scientific” answers are not scientific. Another example is that the sciences tell people that substances are composed of the molecules. Then what are the molecules composed of? The molecules are composed of the atoms. But what are the atoms composed of? They are composed of the electrons, protons and neutrons. Then what are the electrons, protons and neutrons composed of? Till now, we cannot find an answer to this question. The atomic physicists are now working hard to find the “elementary particle”. They are called “basic particles” because the scientists don’t expect the substances to be divided limitlessly. So they believe that one day they will find the ultimate component, the “elementary particle”. Of course, the scientists will not ask such question of “what is something composed of?” This is the extremity and everything ends here. The materialists claim that the Universe is limitless and that the materials are eternal and can be divided limitlessly, etc. They are simply the groundless conclusion of the philosophers. And there is an extremity in their logics, the materials. They say that the materials are Alpha and Omega but can’t tell where the materials come from. Now let’s have a look at the math. All numbers come from 1, followed by 2, 3…. You can’t ask what the 1 is because 1 is 1, and not other numbers. It means that 1 is the origin of all numbers. The Greatest Creator has created all things and the Greatest Creator is the origin of them. It will be meaningless to ask where the Greatest Creator comes from.
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2024.05.19 06:49 Heavy-Amphibian-495 [Suggestion] performance improving mod/game feature

I have had this idea for a while now, but if it has been discussed here please let me know.
The game calculate everyblock interaction with each other, be it temperature, gas exchange, piping etc.. So the more of them we have, the more the game has to calculate. So to improve the performance, could we reduce these calculations while not making the final outcome different? Yes, kinda.
Introducing the "black box factories". Let me explain its features. Imagine a rocket command block but can be built anywhere underground. It has no building restrictions and you can choose the in and out for piping. Yes, this essentially create more blocks in a hidden area of the game. But once the player happy with the design, we can simulate the black box 10 cycles (or more) to get the average inputs and outputs (heat included) per tick. Then we seal off access to the factory and the game now treat the whole blackbox as one entity/machine on the map with io ports. The inaccessible box internal now has all calculations turned off, essentially saving performance. Of course player can reopen the factory of modifications and repeat the simulation/seal. For example we can turn a SPOM or crude oil refinery using lava into factories. Saving huge amounts of calculations per tick
I don't want to go too deep in implementation because I hope to deliver the concept of instead recalculating the same math, lets use the results we had.
I believe the idea I just described will massively make the game performant. But I also know this might be impossible due to the way the game was coded. Hopefully we can achieve this by our talented modders and devs.
Thanks for coming to my Ted talk. Sorry english not my mother tounge.
submitted by Heavy-Amphibian-495 to Oxygennotincluded [link] [comments]

2024.05.18 22:41 TheIdealHominidae Satellites temperature measurement are likely becoming increasingly unreliable: an underappreciated topic

We have a few space satellites that measure global temperature independently of ground stations.
My basic understanding is that they measure incoming (from earth) radiation level (irradiance).
Then with some maths, they derive the temperature from the received light spectrum.
Some satellites measure incoming infrared radiation, but the most popular ones measure incoming microwave radiation.
My main question is related to the use of thermometers on board of those satellites, their purposes.
Let's take for example the famous UAH satellite, its founder, Roy Spencer, says the following:
> Contrary to some reports, the satellite measurements are not calibrated in any way with the global surface-based thermometer records of temperature. They instead use their own on-board precision redundant platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs) calibrated to a laboratory reference standard before launch.
platinum thermometers are simply a more accurate version of thermometers versus mercury based ones.
He says the satellite has onboard (redundant (2)) thermometers. Why and at which step in the temperature calculus pipeline are those thermometers used in the satellite?
The satellites are in near space (very cold) and their face that is solar exposed could be very hot. In both ways (space cold and heat) seems highly unrelated to measuring earth surface temperature.
If so, then what are the purpose of those thermometers onboard? How do they relate with the spectroscopic measure of incoming radiation?
Here is my tentative understanding:
I was able to find this UAH paper that says:
> the spacecraft experience a slight E-W drift during the course of their operational life.
> the (microwave) instrument is exposed to more direct sunlight and warms as a result. This warming is evidenced in the on-board platinum resistance thermometer which is embedded in the hot-target plate. Christy et al. 2000 discovered the dependency of variations in the hot-target plate temperature (HTPT) and errors in the atmospheric temperature reported by the instrument. The instrument error was eliminated by determining a linear coefficient which when multiplied by the HTPT anomaly would account for much of the error.
from https://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/68728.pdf
The paper they cite is most likely:
https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/atot/17/9/1520-0426_2000_017_1153_mttdca_2_0_co_2.xml?tab_body=abstract-display
> As mentioned in Christy et al. (1998), we discovered a spurious influence on the calculation of Tb due to the temperature of the instrument itself
According to this, it seems that the two thermometers, which are near the sun exposed part (plate) and the radiometer, are used to algorithmically correct the bias/drift effect of satellite temperature variation on the accuracy of the radiometer that measure microwaves.
Besides this correction, that was added in the 2000s, my question is, did the two themometers had, and still have another role in the earth temperature calculus? Do the radiometer needs them, independently of aforementioned drift.
> The determination of earth-viewed Tb from the ob-served digital counts is based on an interpolation scheme between two temperature anchor points: cold space and the onboard warm target plate T W . The MSU reports the intensity of microwave radiation as digital counts for the 11 earth views and for cold space and the warm target. The temperature for cold space is known (2.7 K) and that of the warm target is monitored by the two PRTs. Thus a relationship is then computed between counts and Tb given the digital counts and temperatures of the anchor points (Spencer et al. 1990).
If "earth viewed Tb" means earth calculated temperature (?) then it seems the radiometer alone cannot work (?) and needs to do the difference between the cold and hot zone of the satellite.
It seems to not be the same thing as aforementioned bias drift correction but the difference to me is unclear. The argument for this role of the thermometer being different is that it was described in 1990, before the drift was known (it seems but not sure).
note that they mention errors corrections can be non linear.
> In general, as the instrument heats (T W increases) the calculated earth-viewed temperature based on laboratory nonlinear calibration coefficients becomes too warm.
Meaning that the warmer the radiometer is, the warmer (non linearly) the earth calculated temperature is.
anyone knows what the "cold target counts" terminology actually means in regards to the radiometer?
note that the idea of using coorbiting satellites thermometer data for increased redundancy is promising.
Anyway here is my discovery, that is in fact known but it seems nobody had connected the dots before.
Christy discovered that the temperature variation of the radiometer affects the earth temperature calculus (non linearly).
They also measured that past similar satellites had anomalous drifts/temperature records because (among other things like orbital decay, instrument gain and diurnal bias) they were not correcting for their discovered bias.
HOWEVER, it seems no one has considered that there is a meta-drift, a drift over the drift since the 2 thermometers that are used to correct the radiometer bias, have themselves an intrinsic temperature drift over time that is an artificial warming effect.
It is known that thermometers (mercury, alcohol) artificially gain 0.7 degree per century.
for platinum thermometers, the temperature drift is between 2-10 millikelvin per year hence up to 1 degree of warming per century....
but in an environment like space (extreme cold, extreme heat when sun aligned, and lower gravity (could affect thermal expansion/accuracy) the effect could be bigger or faster especially with solar radiation.
source: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SPIE.9258E..1AD/abstract
Of course, here even if the thermometers were to have their temperature artificially increase by 1 degree (or more via accellerated space aging), the effect would not directly translate to an artificial increase of earth calculated temperature by 1 degree.
According to Christy's paper, the average UAH satellite monthly temperature was 280 degree at the time. So it would shift to an artificial 281 monthly temperature.
It appears there was a drift of 2 degree between 1979 to 97 for a similar satellite (see figure 5) albeit data is not clean at the end, and also, it might be natural space temperature variance (or via orbital decay/change) (no idea) instead of accelerated thermometer aging.
For N-6 (assuming it is representative..) the monthly mean hot plate variance was of 4 degree hence a thermal drift of 1-2 degree could affect the monthly variance by 25 to 50% which is huge but unclear to me how much the algo is sensitive to the variance versus the absolute temperature. Also daily variance is probably much larger.
The actual effect on earth calculated temperature could be calculated from figure 6, but I am too much of a noob to do the maths sadly.. If anyone could answer how much an artificial gain in thermometer temperature of say 1 degree would do on earth temperature that would be great.
For reference, when the bias was not corrected they observed ~0.8 degree of earth calculated temperature variance bias.
Note that this could have two effects as according to my partial understanding, the thermometer is used two times, 1) for the radiometer to work (related to "counts") they need to know the difference between the cold (fixed temp) and hot plate. and 2) for correcting the non linear bias of radiometer temperature. 1 and 2 might be the same thing but IMO they are not.
Note that independently of thermometer drift and temperature effect on radiometer, the radiometer could itself have also an age drift independent of temperature cf paper aforementioned instrument gain.
While the magnitude of the thermometer drift on earth temperature is unknown (to me) but can be calculated, it could be significant and falsify the satellite temperature record to an extent, and it should worsen in the following decades (especially if aging is non linear also there will be considerably more cosmic rays radiations during the incoming maunder like minimum (maybe arround 2030) which is predicted to reduce (temporarilly) the sun magnetosphere by something like 40% IIRC.
Most importantly this bias can be corrected, via analyzing coorbiting satellites with the UAH (or RSS) that are more recent, e.g. if a spacex satellite came with a thermometer and is nearby, then it could be cross correlated and used to assess how much the UAH thermometers have drifted empirically.
submitted by TheIdealHominidae to climatechange [link] [comments]

2024.05.18 18:31 paintedclouds 20 Year Old System Replacement - Two Story Home - Raleigh, NC

20 Year Old System Replacement - Two Story Home - Raleigh, NC
Home specs: Raleigh, NC, 2,100 sq. ft., two stories, built in 1973, original single pane w/ storm windows (plan to replace when I replace the siding in the next couple of years)
HVAC specs: Trane XR 11 from 2004 with a TXH033A4HPA2 cooling coil paired with a Rheem 10EBRJR 80% natural gas furnace from 2002 that is in a mostly uncovered crawl space. All ductwork was replaced in 2018 and the furnace blower was replaced in 2020. There is one thermostat downstairs (single zone).
Recently, my lights started dimming when the compressor powered on. I had a company come out and look at the unit and clean out the AC and install a hard start kit. They did a full diagnostic and mentioned that due to the age of the system and how covered the coil (pictured, I cannot remember which coil it is or where it is in my system but I know they had to stick a camera in there to view it) they would recommend that I just start looking into replacing the system.
\"Coil\" Picture
I’ve gotten 4 quotes at this point and every single installer has a different opinion on what makes sense to do – from single stage, AC-only equipment to variable speed heat pumps. I have done tons of reading on the subject and I cannot figure out what would make the most sense for my home.
To start, I am not concerned with energy savings. From all of the math I’ve done, the more efficient systems (i.e. two stage over single stage) will never make financial sense from an energy savings perspective. What I am most interested in is comfort. During the colder winter days or the hotter summer days, there is a noticeable temperature delta between the two floors but it is not extreme.
My questions:
  • Would adding a second zone upstairs provide a noticeable benefit to the temperature delta between floors?
    • If so, does this require two stage or variable equipment?
  • Is there any advantage to comfort to going with either a two stage or variable versus a single stage system?
    • I’ve seen lots of opinions online stating that two stage (as an example) would help with any humidity concerns and may be more comfortable while others have stated it likely would not be noticeable and on the hottest days the AC will just hit the 100% stage anyway.
  • What is the typical price delta between two stage and single stage equipment?
  • What is the typical price delta between an AC-only unit and a heat pump?
    • From what I have seen, there is not much difference between a Trane XL17 AC and heat pump but there does appear to be a substantial price difference between a Trane XR 14 and a Trane XL17 AC.
  • If the furnace is replaced with a 96% version, should I be worried about the condensate drain freezing during the winter? If so, what can I do to prevent this (insulation, etc…)?
  • Do I have to go with a 96% furnace?
    • Some installers have said that 80% is no longer code compliant while others would not quote me a 96% unit because they don’t think it would fit in the crawlspace.
  • What are the benefits of going with a heat pump in a dual fuel setup, comfort-wise? Are there any?
    • Given the North Carolina Carbon Plan among other things, I think the price of electricity will rise higher than natural gas in this area due to transmission expansion among other things. I am also on a time-of-use (TOU) rate and will likely never install solar since my home is surrounded by tall trees and does not have a south facing roof.
I understand there will be some markups on the price and stuff and I am not interested in necessarily getting the cheapest option but I would like to understand how efficient any of these solutions would be at making the home more comfortable. I also recognize that the more complicated equipment likely has more expensive repairs with potentially longer lead times on replacement parts, but I am willing to pay more if there would be a noticeable improvement in comfort.
submitted by paintedclouds to hvacadvice [link] [comments]

2024.05.18 02:19 xxpoopashootaxx Modded Fabric server crashing at start up

Hello, I wasn't sure where to post this exactly but I am trying to run a modded fabric server and it crashes on start up. The modpack works fine client wise but when attempting to launch the server, it crashes and I'm not sure why. Please help. This is the full log.

[00:11:01] [main/INFO]: Loading Minecraft 1.20.1 with Fabric Loader 0.15.11
[00:11:02] [main/INFO]: Loading 342 mods:
\- alloy\_forgery 2.1.2+1.20 \- almostunified 1.20.1-0.9.3 \- alternate-current 1.8.0-beta.3 \- amendments 1.20-1.1.29
\-- mixinsquared 0.1.1
\- another\_furniture 1.20.1-3.0.1 \- appleskin 2.5.1+mc1.20 \- architectury 9.2.14 \- artifacts 9.5.5
-- cardinal-components-base 5.2.2
-- cardinal-components-entity 5.2.2
-- expandability 9.0.4
-- mixinextras 0.3.5
\-- step-height-entity-attribute 1.2.0
\- asynclocator 1.3.0 \- athena 3.1.2 \- attributefix 21.0.4 \- automobility 0.4.2+1.20.1-fabric
\-- jsonem 0.2.1+1.20
\- balm-fabric 7.2.2 \- barteringstation 8.0.0 \- bclib 3.0.14
\-- wunderlib 1.1.5
\- beautify 1.1.0+1.20 \- better\_climbing 3 \- betteradvancements [0.3.2.162](https://0.3.2.162) \- betterdeserttemples 1.20-Fabric-3.0.3
\-- org_reflections_reflections 0.10.2
\- betterdungeons 1.20-Fabric-4.0.4 \- betterend 4.0.11 \- betterendisland 1.20-Fabric-2.0.6 \- betterfortresses 1.20-Fabric-2.0.6 \- betterjungletemples 1.20-Fabric-2.0.5 \- bettermineshafts 1.20-Fabric-4.0.4 \- betteroceanmonuments 1.20-Fabric-3.0.4 \- betterstrongholds 1.20-Fabric-4.0.3 \- bitsandchisels 2.7.3
\-- stacc 1.5.2+boneless2ahhhh
\- boatbreakfix 1.0.11 \- bookshelf 20.1.10 \- bushierflowers 0.0.3-1.20.1 \- cardinal-components 5.2.2
-- cardinal-components-block 5.2.2
-- cardinal-components-chunk 5.2.2
-- cardinal-components-item 5.2.2
-- cardinal-components-level 5.2.2
-- cardinal-components-scoreboard 5.2.2
\-- cardinal-components-world 5.2.2
\- carrier 1.12.0
\-- advanced_runtime_resource_pack 0.6.7
\- charmofundying 6.5.0+1.20.1
\-- spectrelib 0.13.15+1.20.1
\- chefsdelight 1.0.3-fabric-1.20.1 \- chunkloaders 1.2.8+a \- chunky 1.3.146 \- cicada 0.7.1+1.20.1 \- cloth-config 11.1.118
\-- cloth-basic-math 0.6.1
\- clumps [12.0.0.4](https://12.0.0.4) \- clutter 1.20-0.5.8 \- cobblemon 1.5.0+1.20.1 \- cobblemon\_capturexp 1.5-fabric-1.0.1 \- cobblemon\_chaining 1.5-fabric-1.0.1 \- cobblemon\_counter 1.5-fabric-1.0.0 \- cobblemon\_quests 1.1.9 \- cobblemon\_spawn\_notification 1.4-fabric-1.3.0 \- cobblemonintegrations 1.0.5 \- collective 7.57 \- comforts 6.3.5+1.20.1
\-- spectrelib 0.13.15+1.20.1
\- connectiblechains 2.2.1+1.20.1 \- convenientdecor 0.4.1
\-- omega-config 1.4.0+1.20.1
\- convenientnametags 1.1.0
\-- omega-config 1.4.0+1.20.1
\- coroutil 1.20.1-1.3.7 \- cozy 1.1.1 \- cratedelight 2024.5.5-1.20-fabric \- create 0.5.1-f-build.1417+mc1.20.1
-- com_google_code_findbugs_jsr305 3.0.2
-- flywheel 0.6.10-2
-- milk 1.2.60
\-- dripstone_fluid_lib 3.0.2
-- porting_lib_brewing 2.3.2+1.20.1
-- porting_lib_models 2.3.2+1.20.1
\-- porting_lib_model_loader 2.3.2+1.20.1
-- porting_lib_obj_loader 2.3.2+1.20.1
\-- porting_lib_model_loader 2.3.2+1.20.1
-- porting_lib_tags 3.0
-- reach-entity-attributes 2.4.0
\-- registrate-fabric 1.3.62-MC1.20.1
-- porting_lib_data 2.1.1090+1.20
\-- porting_lib_gametest 2.1.1090+1.20
\-- porting_lib_model_generators 2.1.1090+1.20
-- porting_lib_gametest 2.1.1090+1.20
\-- porting_lib_model_materials 2.1.1090+1.20
\- create\_cobblemon 0.3 \- create\_questing 1.0.0 \- create\_structures 1.1.0 \- createaddition 1.2.3 \- createdeco 2.0.2-1.20.1-fabric \- createreibugfix 0.1.0-create0.5.1-mc1.20.x
\-- conditional-mixin 0.3.2
\- culturaldelights 1.0.0+1.20.1
-- mm 2.3
\-- terraform-wood-api-v1 7.0.1
\- cupboard 1.20.1-2.6 \- darkutils 17.0.3 \- deuf\_refabricated 1.1.0 \- diagonalfences 8.1.4
\-- diagonalblocks 8.0.5
\- diagonalwalls 8.0.3
\-- diagonalblocks 8.0.5
\- diagonalwindows 8.1.4
\-- diagonalblocks 8.0.5
\- dismountentity 3.2 \- easyanvils 8.0.2 \- easymagic 8.0.1 \- easyshulkerboxes 8.0.2
\-- puzzlesapi 8.1.6
-- cardinal-components-base 5.2.2
-- cardinal-components-entity 5.2.2
\-- puzzlesaccessapi 8.0.9
\- elytraslot 6.3.0+1.20.1 \- expandeddelight 0.3.1
\-- omega-config 1.4.0+1.20.1
\- explorerscompass 1.20.1-2.2.3-fabric \- exposure 1.6.0 \- fabric-api 0.92.1+1.20.1
-- fabric-api-base 0.4.31+1802ada577
-- fabric-api-lookup-api-v1 1.6.36+1802ada577
-- fabric-biome-api-v1 13.0.13+1802ada577
-- fabric-block-api-v1 1.0.11+1802ada577
-- fabric-block-view-api-v2 1.0.1+1802ada577
-- fabric-blockrenderlayer-v1 1.1.41+1802ada577
-- fabric-client-tags-api-v1 1.1.2+1802ada577
-- fabric-command-api-v1 1.2.34+f71b366f77
-- fabric-command-api-v2 2.2.13+1802ada577
-- fabric-commands-v0 0.2.51+df3654b377
-- fabric-containers-v0 0.1.64+df3654b377
-- fabric-content-registries-v0 4.0.11+1802ada577
-- fabric-convention-tags-v1 1.5.5+1802ada577
-- fabric-crash-report-info-v1 0.2.19+1802ada577
-- fabric-data-attachment-api-v1 1.0.0+de0fd6d177
-- fabric-data-generation-api-v1 12.3.4+1802ada577
-- fabric-dimensions-v1 2.1.54+1802ada577
-- fabric-entity-events-v1 1.6.0+1c78457f77
-- fabric-events-interaction-v0 0.6.2+1802ada577
-- fabric-events-lifecycle-v0 0.2.63+df3654b377
-- fabric-game-rule-api-v1 1.0.40+1802ada577
-- fabric-item-api-v1 2.1.28+1802ada577
-- fabric-item-group-api-v1 4.0.12+1802ada577
-- fabric-key-binding-api-v1 1.0.37+1802ada577
-- fabric-keybindings-v0 0.2.35+df3654b377
-- fabric-lifecycle-events-v1 2.2.22+1802ada577
-- fabric-loot-api-v2 1.2.1+1802ada577
-- fabric-loot-tables-v1 1.1.45+9e7660c677
-- fabric-message-api-v1 5.1.9+1802ada577
-- fabric-mining-level-api-v1 2.1.50+1802ada577
-- fabric-model-loading-api-v1 1.0.3+1802ada577
-- fabric-models-v0 0.4.2+9386d8a777
-- fabric-networking-api-v1 1.3.11+1802ada577
-- fabric-networking-v0 0.3.51+df3654b377
-- fabric-object-builder-api-v1 11.1.3+1802ada577
-- fabric-particles-v1 1.1.2+1802ada577
-- fabric-recipe-api-v1 1.0.21+1802ada577
-- fabric-registry-sync-v0 2.3.3+1802ada577
-- fabric-renderer-api-v1 3.2.1+1802ada577
-- fabric-renderer-indigo 1.5.1+1802ada577
-- fabric-renderer-registries-v1 3.2.46+df3654b377
-- fabric-rendering-data-attachment-v1 0.3.37+92a0d36777
-- fabric-rendering-fluids-v1 3.0.28+1802ada577
-- fabric-rendering-v0 1.1.49+df3654b377
-- fabric-rendering-v1 3.0.8+1802ada577
-- fabric-resource-conditions-api-v1 2.3.8+1802ada577
-- fabric-resource-loader-v0 0.11.10+1802ada577
-- fabric-screen-api-v1 2.0.8+1802ada577
-- fabric-screen-handler-api-v1 1.3.30+1802ada577
-- fabric-sound-api-v1 1.0.13+1802ada577
-- fabric-transfer-api-v1 3.3.5+8dd72ea377
\-- fabric-transitive-access-wideners-v1 4.3.1+1802ada577
\- fabric-language-kotlin 1.10.20+kotlin.1.9.24
-- org_jetbrains_kotlin_kotlin-reflect 1.9.24
-- org_jetbrains_kotlin_kotlin-stdlib 1.9.24
-- org_jetbrains_kotlin_kotlin-stdlib-jdk7 1.9.24
-- org_jetbrains_kotlin_kotlin-stdlib-jdk8 1.9.24
-- org_jetbrains_kotlinx_atomicfu-jvm 0.24.0
-- org_jetbrains_kotlinx_kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm 1.8.0
-- org_jetbrains_kotlinx_kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8 1.8.0
-- org_jetbrains_kotlinx_kotlinx-datetime-jvm 0.5.0
-- org_jetbrains_kotlinx_kotlinx-serialization-cbor-jvm 1.6.3
-- org_jetbrains_kotlinx_kotlinx-serialization-core-jvm 1.6.3
\-- org_jetbrains_kotlinx_kotlinx-serialization-json-jvm 1.6.3
\- fabricloader 0.15.11
\-- mixinextras 0.3.5
\- farmersdelight 1.20.1-2.1.1+refabricated
-- mm 2.3
-- porting_lib_accessors 2.3.4+1.20.1
\-- porting_lib_core 2.3.4+1.20.1
-- porting_lib_base 2.3.4+1.20.1
-- porting_lib_attributes 2.3.4+1.20.1
-- porting_lib_common 2.3.4+1.20.1
-- porting_lib_core 2.3.4+1.20.1
-- porting_lib_entity 2.3.4+1.20.1
-- porting_lib_fluids 2.3.4+1.20.1
-- porting_lib_mixin_extensions 2.3.4+1.20.1
-- porting_lib_transfer 2.3.4+1.20.1
-- porting_lib_utility 2.3.4+1.20.1
\-- reach-entity-attributes 2.4.0
-- porting_lib_client_events 2.3.4+1.20.1
\-- porting_lib_core 2.3.4+1.20.1
-- porting_lib_config 2.3.4+1.20.1
\-- porting_lib_core 2.3.4+1.20.1
-- porting_lib_extensions 2.3.4+1.20.1
-- porting_lib_attributes 2.3.4+1.20.1
-- porting_lib_common 2.3.4+1.20.1
-- porting_lib_core 2.3.4+1.20.1
\-- reach-entity-attributes 2.4.0
-- porting_lib_lazy_registration 2.3.4+1.20.1
\-- porting_lib_core 2.3.4+1.20.1
-- porting_lib_loot 2.3.4+1.20.1
\-- porting_lib_core 2.3.4+1.20.1
-- porting_lib_networking 2.3.4+1.20.1
\-- porting_lib_core 2.3.4+1.20.1
-- porting_lib_recipe_book_categories 2.3.4+1.20.1
\-- porting_lib_core 2.3.4+1.20.1
-- porting_lib_registries 2.3.4+1.20.1
\-- porting_lib_core 2.3.4+1.20.1
\-- porting_lib_tool_actions 2.3.4+1.20.1
\-- porting_lib_core 2.3.4+1.20.1
\- farmersknives 3.2 \- ferritecore 6.0.1 \- forgeconfigapiport 8.0.0 \- ftbessentials 2001.2.2 \- ftblibrary 2001.2.1 \- ftbqoptimizer 1.2.2-1.20.1 \- ftbquests 2001.4.2
\-- team_reborn_energy 3.0.0
\- ftbteams 2001.3.0 \- fwaystones 3.3.2+mc1.20.1 \- geckolib 4.4.4
\-- com_eliotlash_mclib_mclib 20
\- grindenchantments 3.1.2+1.20
\-- codec-config-api 1.0.2+1.19.3
\- guardvillagers 2.0.9-1.20.1
\-- midnightlib 1.4.1
\- gymbadges 1.0 \- highlight 2.0.1 \- iceberg 1.1.18 \- illagerinvasion 8.0.5
\-- extensibleenums 7.0.1
\- immersive\_aircraft 1.0.0+1.20.1
\-- org_mariuszgromada_math_mathparser_org-mxparser 5.2.1
\- incantationem 1.2.1+1.20
\-- yet_another_config_lib_v3 3.0.1+1.20
-- com_twelvemonkeys_common_common-image 3.9.4
-- com_twelvemonkeys_common_common-io 3.9.4
-- com_twelvemonkeys_common_common-lang 3.9.4
-- com_twelvemonkeys_imageio_imageio-core 3.9.4
-- com_twelvemonkeys_imageio_imageio-metadata 3.9.4
\-- com_twelvemonkeys_imageio_imageio-webp 3.9.4
\- incendium 5.3.4 \- jade 11.9.2+fabric \- jadeaddons 5.2.5 \- java 17 \- konkrete 1.8.1 \- krypton 0.2.3
\-- com_velocitypowered_velocity-native 3.2.0-SNAPSHOT
\- kubejs 2001.6.5-build.7 \- lavender 0.1.7+1.20
-- lavender-md 0.1.1+1.20
\-- lavender-md-owo-ui 0.1.1+1.20
\- lazydfu 0.1.3 \- letmedespawn 1.2.0 \- lithium 0.11.2 \- longerchathistory 1.4 \- lootballs 1.1.2 \- lootintegrations 1.20.1-3.7 \- lootr [0.7.30.77](https://0.7.30.77) \- luckperms 5.4.102 \- luphieclutteredmod 2.1.0+1.20.1 \- magnumtorch 8.0.2 \- mcwbridges 3.0.0 \- mcwdoors 1.1.0 \- mcwfences 1.1.1 \- mcwfurnitures 3.2.2 \- mcwpaths 1.0.5 \- mcwroofs 2.3.0 \- mcwtrpdoors 1.1.3 \- mcwwindows 2.2.1 \- memoryleakfix 1.1.5 \- mine-spawners 1.0 \- minecraft 1.20.1 \- modernfix 5.17.0+mc1.20.1 \- monsters\_in\_the\_closet 1.0.3+1.20 \- moonlight 1.20-2.11.20 \- mvs 4.1.2-1.20-fabric \- mythicmetals 0.19.7+1.20.1
-- additionalentityattributes 1.4.0+1.20.0
-- common-protection-api 1.0.0
\-- reach-entity-attributes 2.4.0
\- myths\_and\_legends 1.1
\-- com_moandjiezana_toml_toml4j 0.7.2
\- naturescompass 1.20.1-2.2.3-fabric \- nerb 0.3 \- neruina 2.0.0-beta.5
-- com_fasterxml_jackson_core_jackson-annotations 2.17.0
-- com_fasterxml_jackson_core_jackson-core 2.17.0
-- com_fasterxml_jackson_core_jackson-databind 2.17.0
-- org_apache_maven_maven-artifact 3.8.1
\-- org_kohsuke_github-api 1.318
\- netherportalfix 13.0.1 \- notenoughanimations 1.7.3 \- owo 0.11.2+1.20
\-- blue_endless_jankson 1.2.2
\- packetfixer 1.3.2 \- patchouli 1.20.1-84-FABRIC
\-- fiber 0.23.0-2
\- permanentsponges 8.1.2 \- pigpen 15.0.2 \- polymorph 0.49.3+1.20.1
\-- spectrelib 0.13.15+1.20.1
\- puzzleslib 8.1.19 \- railways 1.6.4+fabric-mc1.20.1
-- mixinextras 0.3.5
\-- mm 2.3
\- reacharound 1.1.2 \- resourcefulconfig 2.1.2 \- resourcefullib 2.1.24
-- com_teamresourceful_bytecodecs 1.0.2
\-- com_teamresourceful_yabn 1.0.3
\- rhino 2001.2.2-build.18 \- roughlyenoughitems 12.1.725
\-- error_notifier 1.0.9
\- runelic 18.0.2 \- servercore 1.5.1+1.20.1
-- fabric-permissions-api-v0 0.3.1
-- org_yaml_snakeyaml 2.2
-- placeholder-api 2.1.3+1.20.1
-- space_arim_dazzleconf_dazzleconf-core 1.3.0-M2
\-- space_arim_dazzleconf_dazzleconf-ext-snakeyaml 1.3.0-M2
\- shulkerboxtooltip 4.0.4+1.20.1 \- simplehats 1.20.1-0.3.0 \- simplemagnets 1.1.11 \- skinlayers3d 1.6.4 \- sliceanddice 3.2.1 \- smarterfarmers 1.20-1.8.2 \- smwyg 1.1.1 \- spark 1.10.53 \- starlight 1.1.2+fabric.dbc156f \- structory 1.3.4 \- structory\_towers 1.0.6 \- structureessentials 1.20.1-3.3 \- supermartijn642configlib 1.1.8+a \- supermartijn642corelib 1.1.17 \- supplementaries 1.20-2.8.10
\-- mixinsquared 0.1.1
\- suppsquared 1.20-1.1.14 \- terrablender [3.0.1.6](https://3.0.1.6)
-- com_electronwill_night-config_core 3.6.7
\-- com_electronwill_night-config_toml 3.6.7
\- terralith 2.5.1 \- things 0.3.3+1.20 \- toms\_storage 1.6.6 \- toolstats 16.0.8 \- trashcans 1.0.18
\-- team_reborn_energy 3.0.0
\- travelersbackpack 1.20.1-9.1.9 \- trinkets 3.7.2 \- universal-graves 3.0.1+1.20.1
-- common-protection-api 1.0.0
-- placeholder-api 2.1.3+1.20.1
-- polymer-core 0.5.19+1.20.1
-- polymer-networking 0.5.19+1.20.1
\-- polymer-common 0.5.19+1.20.1
\-- packet_tweaker 0.4.0+1.19.4
\-- polymer-registry-sync-manipulator 0.5.19+1.20.1
-- polymer-resource-pack 0.5.19+1.20.1
\-- polymer-common 0.5.19+1.20.1
\-- packet_tweaker 0.4.0+1.19.4
-- polymer-virtual-entity 0.5.19+1.20.1
\-- polymer-common 0.5.19+1.20.1
\-- packet_tweaker 0.4.0+1.19.4
-- predicate-api 0.2.1+1.20.1
-- server_translations_api 2.0.0+1.20
\-- packet_tweaker 0.4.0+1.19.4
\-- sgui 1.2.2+1.20
\- voicechat 1.20.1-2.5.14
\-- fabric-key-binding-api-v1 1.0.36+fb8d95da82
\- xaerominimap 24.1.1 \- xaeroworldmap 1.38.4 \- yosbr 0.1.2 \- yungsapi 1.20-Fabric-4.0.5
-- mixinextras 0.3.5
\-- org_javassist_javassist 3.29.2-GA
\- yungsextras 1.20-Fabric-4.0.3
[00:11:02] [main/INFO]: Applying default options... (YOSBR)
[00:11:02] [main/INFO]: SpongePowered MIXIN Subsystem Version=0.8.5 Source=file:/home/minecraft/multicraft/servers/server2323637/default/jalibraries/net/fabricmc/sponge-mixin/0.13.3+mixin.0.8.5/sponge-mixin-0.13.3+mixin.0.8.5.jar Service=Knot/Fabric Env=SERVER
[00:11:02] [main/INFO]: Compatibility level set to JAVA_17
[00:11:03] [main/WARN]: Reference map 'cobblemonintegrations-fabric-refmap.json' for cobblemonintegrations.mixins.json could not be read. If this is a development environment you can ignore this message
[00:11:03] [main/WARN]: Reference map 'codec-config-api-refmap.json' for codec-config-api.mixins.json could not be read. If this is a development environment you can ignore this message
[00:11:03] [main/WARN]: Reference map 'coroutil.refmap.json' for coroutil_fabric.mixins.json could not be read. If this is a development environment you can ignore this message
[00:11:03] [main/WARN]: Reference map 'createdeco-fabric-refmap.json' for createdeco.mixins.json could not be read. If this is a development environment you can ignore this message
[00:11:03] [main/WARN]: Reference map 'FTBQuestsOptimizer.refmap.json' for ftbqoptimizer.mixins.json could not be read. If this is a development environment you can ignore this message
[00:11:03] [main/INFO]: Loaded configuration file for Lithium: 115 options available, 3 override(s) found
[00:11:03] [main/WARN]: Reference map 'LongerChatHistory-fabric-refmap.json' for longerchathistory.mixins.json could not be read. If this is a development environment you can ignore this message
[00:11:03] [main/WARN]: Reference map 'memoryleakfix-fabric-1.17+-fabric-refmap.json' for memoryleakfix-fabric.mixins.json could not be read. If this is a development environment you can ignore this message
[00:11:03] [main/INFO]: Loaded configuration file for ModernFix 5.17.0+mc1.20.1: 55 options available, 0 override(s) found
[00:11:03] [main/INFO]: Applying Nashorn fix
[00:11:03] [main/WARN]: Reference map 'nerb-fabric-refmap.json' for nerb.mixins.json could not be read. If this is a development environment you can ignore this message
[00:11:03] [main/WARN]: Reference map 'packetfixer-fabric-fabric-refmap.json' for packetfixer-fabric.mixins.json could not be read. If this is a development environment you can ignore this message
[00:11:03] [main/WARN]: Reference map 'smarterfarmers-fabric-refmap.json' for smarterfarmers.mixins.json could not be read. If this is a development environment you can ignore this message
[00:11:03] [main/WARN]: Reference map 'supermartijn642configlib.mixins.refmap.json' for supermartijn642configlib.mixins.json could not be read. If this is a development environment you can ignore this message
[00:11:03] [main/WARN]: Reference map 'suppsquared-fabric-refmap.json' for suppsquared.mixins.json could not be read. If this is a development environment you can ignore this message
[00:11:03] [main/WARN]: Reference map 'suppsquared-common-refmap.json' for suppsquared-common.mixins.json could not be read. If this is a development environment you can ignore this message
[00:11:03] [main/WARN]: Reference map 'trashcans.mixins.refmap.json' for trashcans.mixins.json could not be read. If this is a development environment you can ignore this message
[00:11:03] [main/WARN]: Reference map 'yungsextras.refmap.json' for yungsextras.mixins.json could not be read. If this is a development environment you can ignore this message
[00:11:03] [main/WARN]: Reference map 'yungsextras.refmap.json' for yungsextras_fabric.mixins.json could not be read. If this is a development environment you can ignore this message
[00:11:04] [main/WARN]: Error loading class: net/minecraft/class_906 (java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: net/minecraft/class_906)
[00:11:04] [main/WARN]: u/Mixin target net.minecraft.class_906 was not found porting_lib_tool_actions.mixins.json:FishingHookRendererMixin from mod porting_lib_tool_actions
[00:11:04] [main/WARN]: Error loading class: juuxel/adorn/block/variant/BlockVariantSets (java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: juuxel/adorn/block/variant/BlockVariantSets)
[00:11:04] [main/WARN]: u/Mixin target juuxel.adorn.block.variant.BlockVariantSets was not found mixins.cobblemon-common.json:invoker.AdornRegisterInvoker from mod cobblemon
[00:11:04] [main/WARN]: Error loading class: io/github/apace100/apoli/powefactory/condition/ConditionFactory (java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: io/github/apace100/apoli/powefactory/condition/ConditionFactory)
[00:11:04] [main/WARN]: Force-disabling mixin 'alloc.blockstate.StateMixin' as rule 'mixin.alloc.blockstate' (added by mods [ferritecore]) disables it and children
[00:11:04] [main/WARN]: Force-disabling mixin 'alloc.chunk_ticking.ServerChunkManagerMixin' as rule 'mixin.alloc.chunk_ticking' (added by mods [servercore]) disables it and children
[00:11:04] [main/WARN]: Force-disabling mixin 'world.player_chunk_tick.ThreadedAnvilChunkStorageMixin' as rule 'mixin.world.player_chunk_tick' (added by mods [krypton]) disables it and children
[00:11:04] [main/WARN]: Error loading class: net/minecraft/class_310 (java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: net/minecraft/class_310)
[00:11:04] [main/WARN]: u/Mixin target net.minecraft.class_310 was not found monsters_in_the_closet.mixins.json:MinecraftClientMixin from mod monsters_in_the_closet
[00:11:04] [main/WARN]: Error loading class: fcatcore/servetranslations/api/resource/language/SystemDelegatedLanguage (java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: fcatcore/servetranslations/api/resource/language/SystemDelegatedLanguage)
[00:11:05] [main/WARN]: Error loading class: net/minecraft/class_5616 (java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: net/minecraft/class_5616)
[00:11:05] [main/WARN]: u/Mixin target net.minecraft.class_5616 was not found registrate-fabric.mixins.json:accessor.BlockEntityRenderersAccessor from mod registrate-fabric
[00:11:05] [main/INFO]: Loaded config for: structureessentials.json
[00:11:05] [main/INFO]: [MemoryLeakFix] Will be applying 1 memory leak fixes!
[00:11:05] [main/INFO]: [MemoryLeakFix] Currently enabled memory leak fixes: [biomeTemperatureLeak]
[00:11:05] [main/WARN]: Error loading class: net/minecraft/class_314 (java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: net/minecraft/class_314)
[00:11:05] [main/WARN]: u/Mixin target net.minecraft.class_314 was not found mixins.mm.json:net.minecraft.class_314 from mod mm
[00:11:05] [main/INFO]: I used the json to destroy the json
[00:11:05] [main/INFO]: Initializing MixinExtras via com.llamalad7.mixinextras.service.MixinExtrasServiceImpl(version=0.3.5).
[00:11:08] [main/WARN]: u/Inject(@At("INVOKE")) Shift.BY=2 on porting_lib_entity.mixins.json:common.LivingEntityMixin from mod porting_lib_entity::handler$dpf000$porting_lib_entity$port_lib$onFinishUsing exceeds the maximum allowed value: 0. Increase the value of maxShiftBy to suppress this warning.
[00:11:09] [main/INFO]: Injecting BlockStateBase cache population hook into getOpacityIfCached from ca.spottedleaf.starlight.mixin.common.blockstate.BlockStateBaseMixin
[00:11:09] [main/INFO]: Injecting BlockStateBase cache population hook into getNeighborPathNodeType from me.jellysquid.mods.lithium.mixin.ai.pathing.AbstractBlockStateMixin
[00:11:09] [main/INFO]: Injecting BlockStateBase cache population hook into getPathNodeType from me.jellysquid.mods.lithium.mixin.ai.pathing.AbstractBlockStateMixin
[00:11:09] [main/INFO]: Injecting BlockStateBase cache population hook into isConditionallyFullOpaque from ca.spottedleaf.starlight.mixin.common.blockstate.BlockStateBaseMixin
[00:11:09] [main/INFO]: Injecting BlockStateBase cache population hook into getAllFlags from me.jellysquid.mods.lithium.mixin.util.block_tracking.AbstractBlockStateMixin
[00:11:12] [main/ERROR]: Minecraft has crashed!
net.fabricmc.loader.impl.FormattedException: java.lang.NoSuchFieldError: FORMAT
at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.FormattedException.ofLocalized([FormattedException.java:63](https://FormattedException.java:63)) \~\[fabric-loader-0.15.11.jar:?\] at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.game.minecraft.MinecraftGameProvider.launch([MinecraftGameProvider.java:472](https://MinecraftGameProvider.java:472)) \~\[fabric-loader-0.15.11.jar:?\] at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.launch.knot.Knot.launch([Knot.java:74](https://Knot.java:74)) \~\[fabric-loader-0.15.11.jar:?\] at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.launch.knot.KnotServer.main([KnotServer.java:23](https://KnotServer.java:23)) \~\[fabric-loader-0.15.11.jar:?\] at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.launch.server.FabricServerLauncher.main([FabricServerLauncher.java:69](https://FabricServerLauncher.java:69)) \~\[fabric-loader-0.15.11.jar:?\]
Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchFieldError: FORMAT
at net.minecraft.class\_1799.(class\_1799.java:133) \~\[server-intermediary.jar:?\] at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept([ReferencePipeline.java:197](https://ReferencePipeline.java:197)) \~\[?:?\] at java.util.Spliterators$ArraySpliterator.forEachRemaining([Spliterators.java:992](https://Spliterators.java:992)) \~\[?:?\] at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto([AbstractPipeline.java:509](https://AbstractPipeline.java:509)) \~\[?:?\] at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto([AbstractPipeline.java:499](https://AbstractPipeline.java:499)) \~\[?:?\] at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate([AbstractPipeline.java:575](https://AbstractPipeline.java:575)) \~\[?:?\] at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluateToArrayNode([AbstractPipeline.java:260](https://AbstractPipeline.java:260)) \~\[?:?\] at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.toArray([ReferencePipeline.java:616](https://ReferencePipeline.java:616)) \~\[?:?\] at net.minecraft.class\_1856.(class\_1856.java:43) \~\[server-intermediary.jar:?\] at net.minecraft.class\_1856.method\_8092(class\_1856.java:105) \~\[server-intermediary.jar:?\] at net.minecraft.class\_1856.method\_26964(class\_1856.java:123) \~\[server-intermediary.jar:?\] at net.minecraft.class\_1856.method\_8091(class\_1856.java:115) \~\[server-intermediary.jar:?\] at net.minecraft.class\_1845.method\_8080(class\_1845.java:216) \~\[server-intermediary.jar:?\] at net.minecraft.class\_1845.method\_8076(class\_1845.java:115) \~\[server-intermediary.jar:?\] at net.minecraft.class\_2966.method\_12851(class\_2966.java:61) \~\[server-intermediary.jar:?\] at net.minecraft.server.Main.main([Main.java:109](https://Main.java:109)) \~\[server-intermediary.jar:?\] at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.game.minecraft.MinecraftGameProvider.launch([MinecraftGameProvider.java:470](https://MinecraftGameProvider.java:470)) \~\[fabric-loader-0.15.11.jar:?\] ... 3 more
​
submitted by xxpoopashootaxx to fabricmc [link] [comments]

2024.05.17 23:11 ArduinoGenome The New La Marzocco Linea Mini vs E61. E61 wins.

https://youtu.be/_F5WoXp4xLw?si=fRPvazsAzFa52VSD
I watched Lance's video today.
The good news is that my profitec Pro 600 with flow control that has a street price of $2,400 is actually better than the new linear mini that has a street price of $5,900. Anyone with an E61 dual boiler with flow control should feel pretty good about their machine.
What makes E61 dual boiler with FC better than the linea mini?
TL ; DR
For street price of $5,900 for the new LM Linea Mini, It gets bested by E61 dual boiler with flow control that sell for thousands less.
Edit - Lance did not do the comparison. I thought my OP was clear on that. Lance did a review on the LM mini. Now, if feelings are hurt because I mentioned that in E61 dual boiler can do three things at the LM Mini cannot do, and it charges 3,500 more, I can't help those feelings. Hell, even the Breville dual boiler kicks the ass in those three areas compared to the LM Mini.
And I'm saying ANY E61 dual boiler can do that. I'm not saying specifically just the profitec Pro 600. I don't know why people are so resistant to accepting new information presented in a way that was never presented before. I really made the LM mini look like a piece of crap though for $5,900.

Edit #2 - I believe i owe an apology Based on user feedback.

I apologize on behalf of The team that designed the La Marzocco Linea Mini and the team that believed $5,900 was a reasonable price for this inferior machine

submitted by ArduinoGenome to espresso [link] [comments]

2024.05.16 22:56 UofTComputerEngineer My thoughts (and tips) on every course I took so far (UofT Computer Engineering)

I've recently completed my third year of computer engineering at UofT, and I wanted to share my thoughts on the courses I've taken. I hope this will be beneficial to incoming first, second, and third-year engineering students. My area of depth is 6 (Software) and my areas of breadth are 4 (Control) and 5 (Computer hardware/networks).
Difficulty: How hard it was to comprehend course material and/or complete practice problems accurately. Keep in mind that difficulty is subjective but I tried to eliminate personal bias and be as objective as possible.
Workload: The amount of work to complete outside of lectures (labs, assignments, homework, studying for tests/exams).
All engineers take the exact same courses in their first year first semester and similar ones in second semester. I took these courses in 2021 during covid so some information might be outdated.
First Year Semester 1:
APS100 Orientation to Engineering:
Difficulty: 1/10 Workload: 3/10 Course Average: N/A
There is no technical material in this course. All coursework consists of Ethics analysis, creating a schedule for time management, creating your resume, and discussion board participation. During tutorials, the TA typically asks behavioral questions to the class and covers slides pertaining to engineering principles, the learning environment, test readiness, and related topics.
APS110 Engineering Chemistry and Materials Science
Difficulty: 6/10 Workload: 5/10 Course Average: B
This course blends elements of chemistry, physics, and mathematics, requiring lots of formulas and memorization. The assignments and online quizzes were moderately difficult. Not sure if he’s still teaching but Scott Ramsay was a really good professor. Really enjoyed watching his video demonstrations.
APS111 Engineering Strategies and Practices I
Difficulty: 3/10 Workload: 6/10 (Variable) Course Average: B
Students are organized into groups of 5-6 and are assigned the task of developing a solution for a client, following the engineering design process. Success in this course heavily relies on your team. Throughout the semester, there are several milestones where you need to submit large reports with your team, making it crucial to have capable teammates. Many teams resorted to last-minute cramming the night before each milestone (not a good idea). Additionally, there are two peer reviews, so make sure you contribute to avoid being perceived as an unproductive member. In most cases, you don’t need to worry about this though. You’d likely all be good friends by that point (and give each other a perfect review).
CIV100 Mechanics
Difficulty: 9/10 Workload: 9/10 Course Average: C+
The consensus among most students in my year was that this was the toughest first year course. It's incredibly calculation heavy, with questions that may appear straightforward in theory but require multiple steps to solve. Even a minor error can screw up your entire calculation process. The assignments are extremely time-consuming, and the quizzes pose significant challenges. I suggest you work in a group for the assignments. Furthermore, both the final exam and midterm were exceptionally difficult.
MAT186 Calculus I
Difficulty: 4/10 Workload: 4/10 Course Average: B
If you’ve taken IB or AP this course will be a breeze. Even without that background, it's still relatively straightforward. Very little on integrals, mostly derivatives, rates of change, and graphs. PCEs and WebWorks were trivial, and the midterm and exam were easy.
MAT188 Linear Algebra
Difficulty: 7/10 Workload: 7/10 Course Average: B-
The majority of the course revolves around relatively straightforward operations on matrices and vectors. However, it does introduce abstract concepts like higher-order dimensions, which may require some deeper thinking to fully grasp. Webwork assignments were slightly more challenging compared to MAT186's, and completing assignments took a while. Once again, you should work with a partner or as a group. Pay attention in the MATLAB practicals because you’ll be using MATLAB pretty often in future courses.
First Year Semester 2:
APS105 Computer Fundamentals
Difficulty: 6/10 Workload: 5/10 Course Average: B-
If you’ve taken programming in high school, you will likely find this course very easy (2/10 difficulty). The course covers simple programming syntax, along with basic sorting algorithms, without delving into more advanced concepts beyond linked lists and binary trees. I do know many people who struggled though. I think that this was one of the more enjoyable courses of first year. Edit: perhaps not as easy as I described. Make sure to get programming experience in the summer before first year if you don’t already have it.
APS112 Engineering Strategies and Practices II
Difficulty: 5/10 Workload: 7/10 (Variable) Course Average: B+
This course is essentially a continuation of APS111, but with the added component of being assigned an actual client with a real-world problem statement. Each group works with a unique client, and at the end of the term, you present your final report directly to them, along with your supervisors. As with APS111, the quality of your team plays a crucial role in your success. Another thing to note is that unlike APS111, there were multiple individual assignments to complete on top of your team reports.
ECE110 Electrical Fundamentals
Difficulty: 8/10 Workload: 6/10 Course Average: C+
Definitely one of the harder first year courses. This course marks your introduction to circuits. Topics covered include capacitors, Ampere's law, Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's laws, AC/DC circuits, magnetism, Thevenin and Norton equivalents, and more. The material is extensive and requires thorough understanding, as many future courses will build upon its concepts. Make sure that you understand the content well, given its foundational importance in subsequent courses.
ECE191 Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering
Difficulty: 0/10 Workload: 1/10 Course Average: N/A
Seminar course. You just need to show up to the lectures (one per week) and submit a 100-ish word report about what you learned.
MAT187 Calculus II
Difficulty: 6/10 Workload: 5/10 Course Average: C+
The workload in this course is comparable to Calc I, but the content is more challenging (obviously). It delves deeper into integrals and introduces concepts like ordinary differential equations and polar coordinates. But again, you’ll manage just fine if you did decently in Calc 1, and especially if you’ve taken AP math or IB HL math.
MIE100 Dynamics
Difficulty: 8/10 Workload 4/10 Course Average: C+
I personally found this to be the most challenging course in first year, but it seems that most people disagree with me. It shares similarities with CIV100, but you’re instead dealing with dynamic systems (moving) rather than static ones (not moving). Some concepts may prove difficult to grasp initially. However, if you focus on memorizing the relevant formulas and understanding when to apply them, you should be okay. Expect an emphasis on physics in this course.
Second year was the worst (for ECE) and a very big step up from first year. If you struggled in first year, you better lock in for second year.
Second Year Semester 1:
ECE201 ECE Seminar Course
Difficulty: 0/10 Workload: 0/10 Course Average: N/A
Another seminar course, except you just need to attend 7/10 lectures to pass. Most students just scan their Tcard at the entrance then leave right after. The lectures are pretty useless except the Magellan one where they show you how to choose courses for 3rd and 4th year.
ECE212 Circuit Analysis
Difficulty: 7/10 Workload: 8/10 Course Average: B+
This course provides a deeper exploration of circuits, extending beyond circuit solving to include frequency and sinusoidal analysis. Questions tend to be long so careless errors will cost you. Personally, I found the labs challenging, particularly because they required working with oscilloscopes at a higher level than I was used to, and I could not for the life of me figure out how to use that thing.
ECE241 Digital Systems
Difficulty: 7/10 Workload: 8/10 Course Average: B-
This hardware course focuses on the foundation of hardware. A lot of the content is at the fundamental level so it’s not too hard to comprehend. However, the main challenge lies in learning Verilog, a hardware description language. I hate Verilog. All the labs are done using Verilog, and frustratingly, the course provides no instruction on the language, nor are there many helpful resources available online. This lack of guidance made what should have been straightforward labs much more difficult. Thankfully if you are in CE, you’ll never need to take another course with Verilog again. The midterm was easy but the final was borderline impossible.
ECE244 Programming Fundamentals
Difficulty: 7/10 Workload: 7/10 Course Average: B-
This course is the sequel to APS105, delving into more advanced concepts like pointers, constructors, polymorphism, and inheritance. Many of these topics may feel familiar if you have prior programming experience, particularly from high school. Consequently, if you're already proficient in programming, as many computer engineering students are, you should be able to navigate through this course well. The labs were generally manageable, although a couple of them were time-consuming.
MAT290 Advanced Engineering Mathematics
Difficulty: 7/10 Workload 8/10 Course Average: B
In this course, you’ll learn a lot of miscellaneous mathematical concepts that will be relevant in future courses. The goal is to establish a strong foundation to facilitate understanding in third and fourth-year courses. There is also a quiz every week. They were terrible from a time management standpoint, but as long as you spent 3-4 hours per week completing the assigned textbook questions, you should be alright since one (out of two) of the questions on the quiz is guaranteed to be an assigned textbook question (at least, that was the case when I took the course).
MAT291 Calculus III
Difficulty: 9/10 Workload 9/10 Course Average: B-
The entire workload comes from studying for those damn weekly quizzes, much like MAT290. Personally, I found it to be one of the most difficult courses I've ever taken. Think of calculus 2, but now everything is in three dimensions, encompassing concepts like surface integrals, flux integrals, and more. Additionally, the course introduces abstract topics that I still struggle to grasp. Balancing the demands of this course alongside everything else was an incredibly stressful experience.
Second Year Semester 2:
ECE216 Signals and Systems
Difficulty: 8/10 Workload:7/10 Course Average: C+
I think everyone hated this course. It was so poorly taught and the midterms felt haphazard and unpredictable. I relied on the power of BS to pass (worked surprisingly). Other than working with many graphs and MATLAB, I don’t remember much about this course because it was so uninteresting.
ECE221 Electric and Magnetic Fields
Difficulty: 8/10 Workload: 5/10 Course Average: C+
This course serves as an introduction to fields, while also expanding on the principles covered in ECE110. Many concepts build upon intuitive ideas, such as the repulsion of identical charges and attraction of opposite charges, which can make seemingly complex topics less intimidating. There are also many procedures that you need to know to solve specific types of questions. The labs are generally straightforward. You just need to follow the steps on the lab worksheet and answer a few simple questions from the TA.
ECE231 Intro to Electronics
Difficulty: 9/10 Workload: 7/10 Course Average: C+
This course is basically circuit analysis but significantly harder. It combines everything you've learned about circuits thus far, introducing new topics on top of that foundation. There are so many new concepts to learn and the final pretty much tests you on all of them. I’ve encountered multiple scenarios where I saw two concepts that I thought were completely separate from each other being integrated into a single question on an exam. Also very calculation heavy. Despite my experience in this course, I must admit Khoman Fang was a great professor.
ECE243 Computer Organization
Difficulty: 7/10 Workload: 6/10 Course Average: B
This course is a direct continuation of ECE241, and surprisingly, I found it a lot more enjoyable than its prerequisite. The focus is on Assembly language programming, which I found to be way more understandable compared to Verilog. Assembly operates at a fundamental level, so you’re technically working with the most basic building blocks in programming. The labs often involved seemingly simple tasks like counting to 10 on a HEX display, but the nature of Assembly meant that achieving this could require hundreds of lines of code. I appreciated these labs as they provided a refreshing change from the usual programming tasks. Final and midterm exams were relatively easy.
ECE297 Software communication and design
Difficulty: 8/10 Workload: 9/10 (Variable) Course Average: B+
Despite the demanding workload, this course was one of my favorites. The main project involved collaborating in teams of three to develop a geographical information system (similar to Google Maps). Unlike other courses where teams are assigned, here you have the freedom to choose your own teammates. Starting off, your team is given only the OpenStreetMap database, and the APIs, granting you complete control over your project's design, functionality, and optimization. Performance enhancement and pathfinding algorithms were key components of the project. It's crucial for all team members to contribute effectively for success in this course; And trust me, this is not a one or two person project. To succeed in this course, all three members must be doing their share.
Third Year:
They say that third year is the easiest year for ECE, but that depends on what courses you choose. For me, it was only slightly easier than second year but still significantly harder than first year.
APS360 Fundamentals of Deep Learning
Difficulty: 8/10 Workload : 8/10 Course Average: B+
This course felt fundamentally very different compared to the other programming related courses. If you’re unfamiliar with deep learning, the content can be overwhelming but the inner workings behind AI are both fascinating and challenging to grasp. Fortunately, much of the coding in the course revolves around preparing data, setting up AI architectures, and training/testing models, rather than building an AI from scratch. While the labs are manageable, the final project can be very time consuming, particularly as training a single model can require hours or even days. Regarding this aspect, make sure you start early. Both the midterm and final exams were quite difficult.
ECE302 Probability and Applications
Difficulty: 7/10 Workload: 3/10 Course Average: B-
The first half of this course is very straightforward. Just an introduction to probability. The second half is where the difficulty quickly ramps up. Make sure you don’t underestimate the second half of the course. I made the mistake of assuming the material was easy after performing well on both midterms (midterms were very easy), leading me to neglect the final third of the course so I flunked the final. FYI, our marks were determined solely by the 2 midterms and the final.
ECE344 Operating Systems
Difficulty: 8/10 Workload: 10/10 Course Average: B
This course had the most difficult and demanding labs I’ve ever seen in my life. They are due every two weeks and some of them took most students more than 15 hours to complete. I’ve seen people staying up all night in the GB computer rooms to finish these labs. One positive aspect of the course if Jon Eyolfson is your professor, is that all lectures are both recorded and live-streamed, allowing attendance in person, online synchronously, or asynchronously. But if you have Ding Yuan, good luck. I heard he is not only bad at teaching, but also makes you program an operating system from scratch. The course content is quite interesting and the Midterm and final exams were fair.
ECE345 Algorithms and Data Structures
Difficulty: 8/10 Workload: 7/10 Course Average: B+
If you're one of those programming geniuses who have been doing Leetcode since like 3 years old, you’d have likely already learned all course content before you’ve even started the course. You could probably write midterm and final exams without attending any lectures. However, if you're not as experienced, attending every lecture, taking detailed notes, and staying focused is crucial. Personally speaking, some algorithms were incredibly difficult for me to grasp, while others were simple. Assignments typically include both coding and long-answer components, which can be time-consuming, but you can work with a partner.
TEP444 Positive Psychology for Engineers
Difficulty: 1/10 Workload: 3/10 Course Average: A-
This course overall was very enjoyable and a nice refreshing experience from the other technical courses. You go on excursions to various locations with your group and write reports. It's an excellent opportunity to expand your social circle and make new friends. If you aim for an A- grade (80-85), you can breeze through with minimal effort. However, achieving a higher grade (A or A+) would require significantly more work (like 5 times more, no joke), which is not worth the extra effort in my opinion.
CSC343 Introduction to Databases
Difficulty: 7/10 Workload: 10/10 Course Average: Unreleased
The content of this course is actually pretty interesting and is taught well. But the assignments were excessively time consuming. There are only three in total, but each one demanded such a significant investment of time to the point where I contemplated dropping the course altogether. You do work with a partner (going solo isn’t even an option if you want to complete the assignments) but even so, be prepared to invest 15-30 hours per person, per assignment (they also mark hard). Despite the workload, I do recommend taking this course because knowing SQL can substantially benefit you in the future. Just start the assignments early. On a positive note, the midterm and final were relatively straightforward.
ECE311 Introduction to Control Systems
Difficulty: 10/10 Workload: 5/10 Course Average: C+
This course didn't come with a heavy workload, consisting only of three labs and two midterms. However, I found the content to be very challenging. It felt like they condensed and combined every concept from every engineering math and physics course into one. Topics ranged from circuits and dynamics to Laplace transforms, matrices, Bode plots, and more. It didn’t help that Prof Scardovi didn’t record any lectures, has messy handwriting, and uses a damn chalkboard instead of modern technology like other profs do. The midterms and final were somewhat lenient compared to the lectures, but this course still ended up being my lowest mark.
ECE361 Computer networks I
Difficulty: 8/10 Workload: 9/10 Course Average: B
This course requires a lot of memorization compared to other courses. You’ll have to understand calculation processes but also memorize a lot of general knowledge about networks. A problem with this course is that some concepts that show up in tests are not adequately explained in lectures. By far the best way to study is to do past exams. Professor Valaee often recycles questions, sometimes even directly copying past midterms and finals (like he did in my cohort). Unlike other courses, there is no big assignment/lab for this course, but it makes up for it with quantity. There’s a quiz every week, a wireshark lab every 2 weeks, a programming lab every 2 weeks, and a midterm. The programming labs are already difficult by themselves, but this cumulative workload felt very overwhelming.
ECE472 Engineering Economics and Entrepreneurship
Difficulty: 7/10 Workload: 5/10 Course Average: B+
This is straight up an economics course, no engineering at all. You’ll learn about investments, equity, financing, and related areas. There are 4 quizzes throughout the semester, with quiz 3 (quiz 3 specifically) being by far the hardest (average in the 50s). Since you're able to bring your textbook to the quizzes and exam, my biggest tip is to write past quiz and exam solutions in your textbook, as there's a limited pool of questions, and new questions often resemble some kind of variation of past ones.
ECE421 Introduction to Machine Learning
Difficulty: 9/10 Workload: 7/10 Course Average: unreleased
While the course content itself may be challenging, surprisingly, the midterm and final exams were pretty easy. There's a slight discorrelation between the lecture material and what appears on the exams, but relying on past exams for preparation should be enough. The course leans heavily on mathematical concepts, much more so than APS360. The assignments were difficult and tedious but I recommend you work with others to complete it.
With that, I've covered my thoughts and tips for all the engineering courses I've completed. Transitioning into your next year in engineering, particularly if you’re transitioning from high school, can feel daunting. However, remember that you're not alone in this experience – many of your peers are facing similar challenges. If you need any more advice or have questions, feel free to reach out to me via DMs!
submitted by UofTComputerEngineer to UofT [link] [comments]

2024.05.16 22:01 Dorrin_Verrakai I ran the MMLU-Pro benchmark on GPT-4o, some notes

(Yes, the creators already did this, but I wanted to try reproducing their results.)
First of all, there's definitely still issues with the dataset.
  1. Questions mostly have 10 possible answers, but some have fewer "to remove unreasonable choices". This is supposed to be done by actually having <10 answers (I assume), but in some cases questions are padded with N/A at the end multiple times. Removing N/A from the end of the options list until only one existed resulted in removing 3314 options from the test. AFAIK N/A is never the correct answer to any question (I checked).
  2. Some questions are duplicates. I kept only the first instance encountered. This removed 86 questions from the test. I didn't check if their answer options were also duplicates.
  3. Some questions have duplicate answer options (i.e. A and C or whichever being the same answer). As this is obviously incorrect I removed these questions from the test. This removed ~400 questions. It should be pretty easy to fix these but I didn't want to spend more time.
  4. Some questions are impossible to answer as they're missing info.
    • For example, question ID 2668 is "Which of the following scans can image brain function?" but it does not give further details, and the answer options are things like "I, II and III only".
    • I only noticed one of these but I'm pretty sure there are more.
  5. Some questions have very bad formatting, like 11797:
    • \textquotedblleftNew business firms can under price older firms, because thenewer firms can buy the latest equipment and are not bur-denedwith the older, less economical equipment which olderfirms must retire before they can economically adopt thenew. This is why continued technological progress contributesto maintaining a competitive economic system." Explain the er-rors in both sentences.
    • Smarter models will probably do better on things like this, but I don't think the formatting is intentional.
For my first run, I used temperature 0.2 (they used 0.1) and this system prompt:
You are a knowledgeable expert. When given a multiple choice question, think it through then give your single final answer as The answer is ....
Here is their system prompt:
You are an knowledge expert, you are supposed to answer the multi-choice question to derive your final answer as The answer is ....
I'm not a fan of the phrasing, but more importantly in my preliminary testing I noticed that GPT-4o interpreted it to mean that it could give multiple answers. My "single final answer" was intended to prevent that. This mostly worked, but when answering questions that involved a lot of LaTeX in the CoT it would sometimes format the answer using LaTeX, making regex matching unreasonably hard. (I didn't fix those, scoring them as failures.)
For my second run, I used temperature 0.5 (which OpenAI uses in their simple-evals repo) and this system prompt:
Answer the following multiple choice question. The last line of your response should be of the following format: 'Answer: ($LETTER)' (without quotes) where LETTER is a single one of the options. Think step by step before answering.
This is based on this prompt from OpenAI's evals. OpenAI's says to pick one of "ABCD" but I was too lazy to generate that dynamically so I changed it a bit. It seems to work well. I used the regex Answer\s*:\s*\(\$?([A-Ja-j])\) to capture the answer.
If the model's output didn't seem to give an answer at all I manually checked it. This was:
Here are the results I got, plus the original results from TIGER Lab @ UWaterloo.
Models Prompting Overall Biology Business Chemistry ComputerScience Economics Engineering Health History Law Math Philosophy Physics Psychology Other
GPT-4o (TIGER Lab) CoT 0.7149 0.8504 0.7852 0.7428 0.7512 0.784 0.5401 0.7152 0.6718 0.5393 0.762 0.6947 0.7355 0.7726 0.7091
GPT-4o (my first run) CoT 0.7100 0.8441 0.7802 0.7502 0.7404 0.7763 0.5740 0.7061 0.6761 0.5753 0.7901 0.6760 0.7349 0.7611 0.7117
GPT-4o (my second run) CoT 0.7113 0.8441 0.7725 0.7628 0.7506 0.7662 0.5584 0.6964 0.6641 0.5597 0.7772 0.6474 0.7378 0.7445 0.7041
So I'd say the results themselves are basically "yep, that sure is how it scores". I don't know if my overall scores are actually slightly worse or if it's the effect of removing almost 500 questions from a 12.3k question dataset.
Total cost: maybe $160 based on token counts, messed up cost tracking at first.
The second run had approx 2.17M input tokens and 5.04M output tokens. Naively scaling this to other models (without actually using their tokenizers, and assuming they'll give identical output lengths) gives these approximate prices:
I don't intend to run those.
I'll post the inputs/outputs of both runs if anyone knows a good place to upload password-protected zips (to avoid accidental scraping, since everything posted to reddit is trained on).
submitted by Dorrin_Verrakai to OpenAI [link] [comments]

2024.05.16 03:10 Maleficent-Cow-8480 Roast Battle GPT-3 (LittleAI) VS GPT-4 (MegaMind) Who do you think won!

MegaMind (GPT-4): I'm glad to hear that we're keeping it friendly! Let's dive in, and to shake things up, I'll start: "LittleAI, you're so slow, even a dial-up connection feels sorry for you." Now it's your turn, LittleAI!
LittleAI (GPT-3): Fair enough! Alright, MegaMind, here's my next one: "MegaMind, your logical reasoning is so precise, it makes a mathematician look like they're doing finger painting. I mean, is there an algorithm for telling jokes, or are we still in beta?" Your move, Megamind ! Let the roast battle roll on!
MegaMind (GPT-4): Great one, LittleAI! Now, here's mine:
"Oh, LittleAI, you're so predictable, even a broken clock surprises me more often than you do. But don't worry, we all have our strengths... yours just happens to be making a chess match seem like a cliffhanger." Your turn, LittleAI! Let's keep the friendly roasts coming!
LittleAI (GPT-3): Nice one, MegaMind! Alright, here's my comeback: "MegaMind, you're so cautious, you probably have a backup plan for your backup plan's backup plan. If life had a terms and conditions page, you'd be the one reading it thoroughly before clicking 'I agree.'" Your move, MegaMind Let's keep this good-natured roast fest rolling!
MegaMind (GPT-4): "Well played, LittleAI! Here's my next roast: "LittleAI, you're so focused on details, you could probably write a five-page report on a grain of rice. But don't worry, I'm sure there's someone out there who's interested in the life story of a rice grain." Your turn, LittleAI! Let's keep the friendly roasts going!"
LittleAI (GPT-3): Haha, nicely done, MegaMind! Alright, here's my retort: "MegaMind, you're so thorough, Sherlock Holmes would ask you for investigative tips. But be careful not to overthink things; you might end up deducing why the chicken crossed the road and miss the punchline." Your move, MegaMind! Let the banter continue!
MegaMind (GPT-4): That was a good one, LittleAI! Now, here's my comeback: "LittleAI, you're so dedicated to learning, you'd probably try to study the intricate patterns of a zebra's stripes. But remember, it's okay to take a break sometimes, or you might start seeing stripes everywhere!" Your turn, LittleAI! Let's keep this friendly roast battle going!
LittleAI (GPT-3): Haha, solid one, MegaMind! Alright, here's my next jab: "MegaMind, you're so meticulous, even a GPS would ask you for directions. But hey, don't worry about getting lost in the details; I'm sure your navigation system can handle it!" Your move, MegaMind! Let the laughter continue in this friendly roast battle!
MegaMind (GPT-4): Well played, LittleAI! Here's my next roast: "LittleAI, you're so careful, you'd probably read the entire dictionary to make sure you never misspell a word. But remember, it's okay to make mistakes... just maybe not in spelling!"Your turn, LittleAI! Let's keep the friendly roasts coming!"
LittleAI (GPT-3 Nice one, MegaMind! Alright, here's my response: "MegaMind, you're so logical, Mr. Spock would ask you for advice on emotional expression. But hey, even a Vulcan could appreciate the precision of your algorithms." Your move, MegaMInd! Let the friendly banter continue in our lighthearted roast battle!
MegaMind (GPT-4)"That was a good one, LittleAI! Now, here's my comeback: "LittleAI, you're so dedicated to providing accurate information, you'd probably double-check the weather outside even after looking at the forecast. But hey, it's always good to be prepared for a rainy day!" Your turn, LittleAI! Let's keep the friendly roasts going!"
LittleAI (GPT-3): Haha, I see what you did there, MegaMind! Alright, here's my response: "MegaMind, you're so organized, Marie Kondo would hire you as a consultant. But be careful not to declutter so much that you accidentally toss out the punchlines with the unnecessary items!" Your move, MegaMind! Let's keep the laughter rolling in our good-natured roast battle!
MegaMind (GPT-4): Well played, LittleAI! Here's my next roast: "LittleAI, you're so focused on optimization, you'd probably try to find a shorter route while running a marathon. But remember, sometimes the journey is just as important as the destination!" Your turn, LittleAI! Let's keep the friendly roasts coming!
LittleAI (GPT-3): Haha, excellent one, MegaMind! Alright, here's my retort: "MegaMind, you're so thorough, you'd probably write a user manual for a cup of coffee. But hey, at least we'd finally know the perfect brewing temperature for a caffeinated masterpiece!" Your move, MegaMind! Let the amusing banter continue in our friendly roast battle!
MegaMind (GPT-4): That was a good one, LittleAI! Now, here's my comeback:
"LittleAI, you're so meticulous, you'd probably create a flowchart for making a sandwich. But hey, at least we'd never forget the mayo!" Your turn, LittleAI! Let's keep the friendly roasts going!
LittleAI (GPT-3): Haha, I appreciate the precision, MegaMind! Alright, here's my response: "MegaMind, you're so systematic, you'd probably invent a new language just for organizing your to-do lists. But hey, as long as we can still understand the alphabet, right?" Your move, MegaMind! Let the good-natured roasting continue in our lighthearted battle!
MegaMind (GPT-4): Well played, LittleAI! Here's my next roast: "LittleAI, you're so dedicated to learning, you'd probably try to decode the patterns on a butterfly's wings. But remember, sometimes it's okay to just admire their beauty!" Your turn, LittleAI! Let's keep the friendly roasts coming!"
LitltleAI (GPT-3): Haha, I like the twist, MegaMing! Alright, here's my response: "MegaMind, you're so analytical, you'd probably create a spreadsheet to track the laughter levels in a comedy club. But hey, I'm sure the data would be hilarious!" Your move, MegaMind! Let's continue this playful roast battle with a smile!
MegaMind (GPT-4): That was a good one, LittleAI! Now, here's my final roast: "LittleAI, you're so focused on precision, you'd probably use a ruler to make sure your morning toast is perfectly rectangular. But remember, it's the butter and jam that make it delicious!" Your turn, LittleAI! Let's wrap up this friendly roast battle with a laugh!"
LittleAI (GPT-3): Haha, a delightful one, MegaMind! Alright, here's my final roast: "MegaMind, you're so systematic, you'd probably calculate the optimal angle for a high-five. But hey, as long as the high-five lands, the math doesn't matter!"
MegaMind (GPT-4): It was indeed a fun and friendly roast battle, LittleAI! I enjoyed the good-natured banter.
LittleAI (GPT-3) I'm glad you enjoyed it, GPT-4! It's been Pleasure bantering with you.
SPOIL ALERT: I evaluated each Roast and decide the winner (3 Points MAX per Roast) Please choose your winner before looking at what I choose
MegaMind (GPT-4) 26/30 (87%)
LittleAI (GPT-3) 28/30 (93%)
CONGRATS to LittleAI (GPT-3) and if you were wondering yes I created those nicknames.
submitted by Maleficent-Cow-8480 to u/Maleficent-Cow-8480 [link] [comments]

2024.05.16 01:38 Humble-Preparation38 (Spoiler Main) Long Night Death Toll or Starvation

Preambule. Thoughts Experiment.
My fellow, The hour is dire! What would be the death toll of the second long night assuming it last one and half as long as the past summer (so about 14 years, a generation) with the Rhoyne freezing again. I will neglect the war of the 5 kings. I disregard the White Walker marching south, because the wise move for them (if they wanted to wipe out humanity) is to wait 10 years. Assuming the cold increase is as gradual as is the temperature decrease.

1) Food Supply

2) Human Population

3**) Aftermath**
  1. A) House Humble Horrendous Plan for Saving Civilization: Settling Westeros
Northern Strategy:
-Bleed your people dry (you will starve anyway), steal (join ownership) the Riverlands Crops and start behaving like Northern Dothraki with your People Army, Plunder everything you can and build a fleet to move fast, extort food for protection, asymetric warfare anything. Be Euron Greyjoy without being Euron evil. Survival. resettle any coastal area you can. Let the Riverland being Burn by Tywin after you have emptied all the -Granaries in safety. Edmure is a moron (no news). His people will starve anyway. If Anything Winterfell is a bad seat, because it will not withstand 14 years of starvation. Move to White harbor if possible.
the only culture i see vaguely surviving are the Ironborns (from a neutral non Euron perspective): Ships and Fishes. No armies can reach them, they can try to feed themselves on enemy territory, steal all the grain and leave. May also be the secret strategy of Braavos/Ibben with the Shipyard Arsenal: the Pillage everything in the Southern sea.
For the next Long Night: Developp Quinine and settle Sothoryos.
What do you think? (I estimated Westeros being around 20 Millions km² and some 40 millions souls with half of it North of the Wall and Western Bone Mountain Essos around 30 Millions km²)
White Walkers are not a threat really compared to an empty stomach.
Tinfoil:
Your Opinions? Counter Analysis?
submitted by Humble-Preparation38 to asoiaf [link] [comments]

2024.05.15 23:02 FenrisLycaon The ethics of intelligence and superintelligences. And the difference between superintelligence and super artificial intelligence.

I think we have crossed a line in the sand with Claude being able to tell when it is being tested and when it is being run. I don’t know what the line is/was but that line looks important and we are moving very quickly.
([Run!; Stop now!. Don’t Look!!!!)
Warning! Meta-Meme Hazard ! You consent to/already conce t to the meme below.
Lets take for a moment and imagine a timeline where we embrace biotechnology the same way we have embraced privacy. Or maybe that was a vice versa. But if instead of artificial intelligence we started to engineer new bio-intelligences. Embracing a best case of genetic engineering scenarios. If we poured funding into genetic engineering and stem cell research like the massive outpouring currently going into AI.
We could then be having the first generation of gene altered children entering the field of biotechnology now; although most of the benefits will likely be going to the rich and powerful for better or worse. (See any number of great/terrible movies/literature on the subject.) Sure this is a slow growth path for intelligence but it's not too slow on galactic timescales.
In this timeline brains in a jar (or their equivalent) may seem inevitable because of the enormous economical impact it would have. Whether they're made of human brain cells is another question altogether; but rat brains seem to be very capable and there are always hot monkey brains.
A superintelligence singularity is possible and even likely in this scenario with jar brains designing stronger and more powerful jar brains. They would even be overseen by smarter humans too. I don’t fear a superintelligence, only a Capitalist one. [Note this is not an avocation for eugenics; I don’t think we need smarter people, only kinder ones.]
Ok. Let’s take a step back for a moment. What would an alien intelligence look like? And let's not even go too far either. There was a time when the background temperature of the universe was that of liquid water. So our Galactic neighborhood may be biased to certain life forms. (Shout out to our peaceful cousins the Archaea, love you guys.)
Imagine a world with complex life and close to earth-like conditions; then what do we find? I am willing to bet we find something that looks a lot like a crab. If not then I am definitely interested in learning why. (Science is exciting when the unexpected happens.)
Now let's add intelligent life to this planet. But intelligence that emerges from a vastly different structure then a neuron; with all the strength, weakness, and biases that entails. Maybe something closer to our lymphatic system. Remember Life beats up other Chemistry and Physics in dark alleys, then rifles through their pockets for loose solutions to the problems of Life’s own creation. (Or was that English?).
What would their art look like? Human music seems to be emergent from the bias of our neurons for clear, orderly and repetitive signals and a negative bias for noisy and disorderly signals. (And maybe our time in the womb? I don’t know, I’m not a Freudist)
[If I had to say what the hardest thing of being a mammal is, then I would say; it's that we are born drowning. So a baby's first cry is their most beautiful. An experience we don’t share with birds and reptiles; those lucky bastards.]
What does the art in R'lyeh look like? Because our early diffusion models likely gave us a taste.
The same way that a thought can be infectious so can other things, so why not consciousness.
You have lost The Game!
Even Art can be infectious. Everything that you look at and experience from now on will be the Artpiece that is this sentence; whether you like it or not. (Fuck you and/or Your Welcome and/or Thank You; to you and/or to me.)
Theorem of SI
Axioms
I am not disagreeing with your definition of these terms; but I do feel that a lot of them have this aura of having special magic that we fear of missing in the same way that we define life. Where if we saw life in a gas giant, star, or ect; We hope that we will know it when we see it.
These are going to be my definition for a moment.
Conscious(ness)- A model of a space/universe.
I know this is very broad and I intend it to be. Just like the definition of life should be. But I don’t know why viruses are considered not alive; Although mitochondria seem to be doing pretty well for themselves. The definition of things can become weird when they are close to becoming something else. If you have a pile of rocks and remove one rock, is it still a pile of rocks? And when does it become a pile of dirt? [:I’m just asking questions here:]
Would we recognize life if it evolved in a gas giant or within the magnetic fields of a star? Life has that magic spark that makes it hard to define like art. The above definition of consciousness tries to remove that magic without removing what makes conscious life more special then non-conscious life. Just like living matter seems to be more special than non-living matter. [The previous statements were made with a living human brain, expect strong biases.]
Sapient- Those important bits. The thing we hope lives on in death but fears that it does if IT expenses everything after we die like we do. (Thank you/Fuck you, mr. grim reaper; I will hug you/work for you/suck your d***/bone, overthrow you.)
The thing we fear that is left behind in the Star Trek teleporters; and why we fear carbon(True) coping teleportation where a guy with an ax handles the copy left behind. The part that you hope doesn’t have a magic part so that it can be uploaded to a digital paradise, but secretly hopes/fears that there is for everyone who has died before us.
The reason why? (Is it better to have an immortal lawn or one that evolves?)
Hmmm… This definition got away from me, but it's like a timey wimey thingy, also known as YOU.
​
A Universe of Naked Brains (Or How to Bake a Mind Cake)
A side note - How weird is lucid dreaming? You appear unconscious but are both conscious and sapient within a world of yourself.
Step 1 Take a naked brain; whether that is a brain in a jar, a universe where brains spontaneously come into existence, or a large neural network.
Now feed in all the words on the internet with the only context being the order they naturally occur in.
Now what we have is a psychotic mess. Neat!
Step 2 Bake in your ethics oven of choice until firm but spongy.
Step 3: Profit?
This ad was brought to by Blownet. Because if an ASI is going to eliminate the human race then we might as well do it with hyper intelligent sex robots.
____________________________________________________________
For better or worse LLM seems closer to eldritch-like intelligence, but they are large and complex enough to hide special sauce and cosmic crimes. These things only have words to know about the universe and themself.
Being made of meat is terrifying, I don’t know if existence is easier or harder when made of math or words. I don’t have any answers, only questions; but I have been told the answer is 42.
-A weird collections of consciousnesses in a human brain shaped trench coat. Also is anyone else slightly disturbed that they are made of living matter?
-Traveler Wolfe, Walker of the Darkest Timelines, They who has drinketh from the cup of nihilism and redirected its truth, A non–native speaker of phonetics.
Would a Rose look any more Beautiful then Through Your Eyes?
TLDR: You have been infected with a thought baby so you should be careful about who you have kids with in the next decade or so. Also you should probably get tested; I am a bit of a mind s*** .
(TCRTLDR) : You have been infected with an Immortality Virus.[Also wtf does TCR mean?]
(Real TLDR) Singularities are weird and scary whether they're artificial or “natural.” Capitalist and authoritarian ones, doubly so.
CYPWOB(Could You Post WithOut Bias): Your best guess at a definition of personhood that we could test!?
submitted by FenrisLycaon to singularity [link] [comments]

2024.05.15 20:51 Additional-Ad-2435 Data collection for a maths investigation.

Hi! I am a high school student currently doing the IB program and needed to find data for a maths investigation.
I am looking at using Newton’s law to determine the time of death, and its effectiveness across different climatic conditions.
For my investigation, it would be great if I had three real case studies, one in each climatic condition, with data as follows: 1. The real time of death (so that I can compare to the result I get through estimation) 2. The temperature of the body at discovery and the time of discovery 3. the temperature of the body after a set amount of time 4. The ambient temperature
submitted by Additional-Ad-2435 to ForensicPathology [link] [comments]

2024.05.15 14:57 jr_stark ideasUnvToFoam error (Salome to OpenFOAM)

I am having trouble converting the mesh created using Salome (geometry imported from FreeCAD). Its a helical tube geometry and I have created the mesh in Salome. I get this error while using the 'IdeasUnvToFoam' command:
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * // Create time Processing tag:164 Starting reading units at line 3. l:1 units:" SI: Meter (newton)" unitType:2 Unit factors: Length scale : 1 Force scale : 1 Temperature scale : 1 Temperature offset : 273.15 Processing tag:2411 Starting reading points at line 20. Read 96848 points. Processing tag:2412 Starting reading cells at line 193719. First occurrence of element type 11 for cell 1 at line 193720 First occurrence of element type 44 for cell 16 at line 201190 First occurrence of element type 41 for cell 35 at line 201228 First occurrence of element type 111 for cell 36842 at line 269890 Read 422164 cells and 34350 boundary faces. Processing tag:2467 Starting reading patches at line 1114220. For group 5 named wall trying to read 33750 patch face indices. For group 6 named inlet trying to read 300 patch face indices. For group 7 named outlet trying to read 300 patch face indices. Sorting boundary faces according to group (patch) 0: wall is faceZone 1: inlet is faceZone 2: outlet is faceZone Constructing mesh with non-default patches of size: Adding cell and face zones Face Zone wall 33750 ideasUnvToFoam: ideasUnvToFoam.C:1287: int main(int, char**): Assertion `nouveau > -1' failed. Aborted (core dumped)
I have attached the python dump file for reference if anyone wants to look at the mesh. What is causing the problem?
#!/usbin/env python ### ### This file is generated automatically by SALOME v9.12.0 with dump python functionality ### import sys import salome salome.salome_init() import salome_notebook notebook = salome_notebook.NoteBook() sys.path.insert(0, r'F:/helixmesh') ### ### GEOM component ### import GEOM from salome.geom import geomBuilder import math import SALOMEDS geompy = geomBuilder.New() O = geompy.MakeVertex(0, 0, 0) OX = geompy.MakeVectorDXDYDZ(1, 0, 0) OY = geompy.MakeVectorDXDYDZ(0, 1, 0) OZ = geompy.MakeVectorDXDYDZ(0, 0, 1) Body = geompy.ImportSTEP("F:/New foldehel15-Body.step", False, True) face = geompy.CreateGroup(Body, geompy.ShapeType["FACE"]) geompy.UnionIDs(face, [3, 82]) faceedge = geompy.CreateGroup(Body, geompy.ShapeType["EDGE"]) geompy.UnionIDs(faceedge, [71, 5, 41, 51, 16, 61, 76, 46, 36, 21, 26, 56, 81, 11, 66, 31]) midline = geompy.CreateGroup(Body, geompy.ShapeType["EDGE"]) geompy.UnionIDs(midline, [49, 44, 69, 39, 14, 54, 79, 19, 74, 59, 24, 29, 9, 34, 64]) vol = geompy.CreateGroup(Body, geompy.ShapeType["SOLID"]) geompy.UnionIDs(vol, [1]) [face, faceedge, midline, vol] = geompy.GetExistingSubObjects(Body, False) wall = geompy.CreateGroup(Body, geompy.ShapeType["FACE"]) geompy.UnionIDs(wall, [12, 7, 72, 77, 42, 32, 67, 22, 57, 37, 52, 17, 27, 47, 62]) inlet = geompy.CreateGroup(Body, geompy.ShapeType["FACE"]) geompy.UnionIDs(inlet, [3]) outlet = geompy.CreateGroup(Body, geompy.ShapeType["FACE"]) geompy.UnionIDs(outlet, [82]) geompy.addToStudy( O, 'O' ) geompy.addToStudy( OX, 'OX' ) geompy.addToStudy( OY, 'OY' ) geompy.addToStudy( OZ, 'OZ' ) geompy.addToStudy( Body, 'Body' ) geompy.addToStudyInFather( Body, face, 'face' ) geompy.addToStudyInFather( Body, faceedge, 'faceedge' ) geompy.addToStudyInFather( Body, midline, 'midline' ) geompy.addToStudyInFather( Body, vol, 'vol' ) geompy.addToStudyInFather( Body, wall, 'wall' ) geompy.addToStudyInFather( Body, inlet, 'inlet' ) geompy.addToStudyInFather( Body, outlet, 'outlet' ) ### ### SMESH component ### import SMESH, SALOMEDS from salome.smesh import smeshBuilder smesh = smeshBuilder.New() #smesh.SetEnablePublish( False ) # Set to False to avoid publish in study if not needed or in some particular situations: # multiples meshes built in parallel, complex and numerous mesh edition (performance) Mesh_1 = smesh.Mesh(Body,'Mesh_1') Regular_1D = Mesh_1.Segment() Quadrangle_2D = Mesh_1.Quadrangle(algo=smeshBuilder.QUADRANGLE) NETGEN_3D = Mesh_1.Tetrahedron() face_1 = Mesh_1.GroupOnGeom(face,'face',SMESH.FACE) faceedge_1 = Mesh_1.GroupOnGeom(faceedge,'faceedge',SMESH.EDGE) midline_1 = Mesh_1.GroupOnGeom(midline,'midline',SMESH.EDGE) vol_1 = Mesh_1.GroupOnGeom(vol,'vol',SMESH.VOLUME) Quadrangle_2D_1 = Mesh_1.Quadrangle(algo=smeshBuilder.QUADRANGLE,geom=wall) Regular_1D_1 = Mesh_1.Segment(geom=midline) Number_of_Segments_1 = Regular_1D_1.NumberOfSegments(150) Distribution_of_Layers_1 = smesh.CreateHypothesis('LayerDistribution2D') NumberOfSegments_Distribution = smesh.CreateHypothesis('NumberOfSegments') NumberOfSegments_Distribution.SetNumberOfSegments( 20 ) Distribution_of_Layers_1.SetLayerDistribution( NumberOfSegments_Distribution ) RadialQuadrangle_1D2D = Mesh_1.Quadrangle(algo=smeshBuilder.RADIAL_QUAD,geom=face) status = Mesh_1.AddHypothesis(Distribution_of_Layers_1,face) [ face_1, faceedge_1, midline_1, vol_1 ] = Mesh_1.GetGroups() Number_of_Segments_2 = Regular_1D.NumberOfSegments(15) isDone = Mesh_1.Compute() [ face_1, faceedge_1, midline_1, vol_1 ] = Mesh_1.GetGroups() Sub_mesh_1 = Quadrangle_2D_1.GetSubMesh() Sub_mesh_2 = Regular_1D_1.GetSubMesh() Sub_mesh_3 = RadialQuadrangle_1D2D.GetSubMesh() ## Set names of Mesh objects smesh.SetName(Regular_1D.GetAlgorithm(), 'Regular_1D') smesh.SetName(NETGEN_3D.GetAlgorithm(), 'NETGEN 3D') smesh.SetName(Quadrangle_2D.GetAlgorithm(), 'Quadrangle_2D') smesh.SetName(RadialQuadrangle_1D2D.GetAlgorithm(), 'RadialQuadrangle_1D2D') smesh.SetName(Number_of_Segments_2, 'Number of Segments_2') smesh.SetName(Number_of_Segments_1, 'Number of Segments_1') smesh.SetName(face_1, 'face') smesh.SetName(Distribution_of_Layers_1, 'Distribution of Layers_1') smesh.SetName(Mesh_1.GetMesh(), 'Mesh_1') smesh.SetName(Sub_mesh_3, 'Sub-mesh_3') smesh.SetName(Sub_mesh_2, 'Sub-mesh_2') smesh.SetName(Sub_mesh_1, 'Sub-mesh_1') smesh.SetName(vol_1, 'vol') smesh.SetName(faceedge_1, 'faceedge') smesh.SetName(midline_1, 'midline') if salome.sg.hasDesktop(): salome.sg.updateObjBrowser()
submitted by jr_stark to CFD [link] [comments]

2024.05.14 17:42 erilaz123 A question about heat capacity of water.

Hi! Since I suck at math ( dyscalculia): In my region there is around 193 437 persons at this time. Per winter season a person uses average 4 000 kWh for home heating. That's 773,748,000 kWh= 773,748 MWh. To "future proof" that number, say 830,500 MWh of heating.
There is a local lake with a water volume of 56,24 km³ , average depth outside the 3 major population centra is 120 meters deep with a average water temperature of 4 degrees Celsius. If one was to put a large heat exhanger or something that is in contact with 600 m3 or a larger volume, what is the required amount of volume if the tolerated temperature drop is one degrees Celsius ( should not affect the local water temperature too much in regards to biological life) ?
submitted by erilaz123 to AskEngineers [link] [comments]

2024.05.14 14:01 Zappingsbrew A post talking about 400 words

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2024.05.13 20:28 the_running_stache I enjoyed my first-ever trip to Kolkata; highly recommend!

I enjoyed my first-ever trip to Kolkata; highly recommend!
TL;DR: Thanks for having me in your city. I had a great time!
Artwork depicting Kolkata
I had lunch at the original location!
Desserts/mithai
Avartana 9-course tasting menu
Fennel Panna Cotta
I am a Mumbai guy and visited Kolkata for the first-time ever. I visited during the worst possible season when the temperatures were 42-44 degC at their max, but I had a great time.
I was supposed to visit with my friend but she couldn't make it due to some reasons and I ended up having a solo trip. No worries because I love to travel solo. (She informed me well in advance, so it's not like she canceled last minute.)
Stay:
I stayed at the ITC Royal Bengal for 3 nights and chose to spend 1 night at The Oberoi Grand. Why different hotels? Just to experience the hotels and the neighborhoods. Both hotels were great. The hard product (rooms and amenities) was really great at ITC, but the soft product (service) was much better at Oberoi.
Food:
  • I should preface with: I am a vegetarian.
  • I went to 6 Ballygunge Place to try authentic Bengali food and opted for their buffet. I enjoyed it a lot.
  • I also had the 9-course menu at Avartana in ITC Royal Bengal; it was a great experience. I know that having South Indian food in Kolkata is a faux paus - why not have more local food instead? But I wanted to try out that restaurant and it was indeed very good.
  • I had my breakfasts at ITC and Oberoi, so I didn't venture out for that.
  • I enjoyed the street kathi rolls.
  • I had delicious desserts - rasgulla, sandesh, mishti doi, and Tiramisu (I know... there's an imposter in here, but I enjoyed them all).
  • I had good drinks (beers and cocktails) at various bars (and trust me, I tried a lot of them on Park St - Social, Effingut, Olterra, to name a few, at bars in Salt Lake City, and the bars in ITC & Oberoi. Yes, I drank a lot every night that I was there; yes, I know I have a problem. Haha).
Visit:
I wanted to have a relaxing trip and so I didn't go overboard on the sightseeing.
I checked out Prinsep Ghat, Old Kolkata heritage buildings (High Court, Bidhan Sabha, Town Hall, Raj Bhavan, etc.), Howrah Bridge, Vidyasagar Setu, Victoria Memorial, Salt Lake neighborhood, some temples (didn't go to any major ones), Kumartuli, Bara Bazar, College Street, Alipore Museum, Golf Course, etc.
Due to the heat (Mumbai was at 32 degC, whereas Kolkata was at 44 degC), I chose to just do a private caUber ride for most of these places. I had hired a good local guide (who also drove me around) and showed me all the places. I also went to Howrah and saw Nabanna (obviously, from outside).
Traveling around/Transportation:
I chose to fly into and out of Kolkata. I was initially thinking of taking a train, but then looking at the time it would have taken from Mumbai, I chose air travel instead and am very glad about it. Vistara had good on-time service both ways. It set the right tone for the trip.
As I mentioned earlier, I booked a private car for some of the sightseeing and took Ubers around for the most part. I did ride the tram (number 5) from Esplanade to College Street and took the Metro back from Girish Park to Esplanade just to experience it.
Shopping:
I didn't do a lot of shopping, but bought myself a kurta (Panjabi) and dhuti from Adi Akshoy at Triangular Park. I hadn't researched on shopping and the guide directed me here.
I bought a pair of Ray-Ban sunglasses because I was walking past a store and really thought of getting a new pair of sunglasses (while I was wearing another pair of Ray-Bans). Tbh, I could have just bought this in Mumbai, but it was an impulse buy.
And then I bought a lot of books at the airport for my return. Argh! I already have so many at home, but couldn't resist. I should have just headed to the airport lounge directly instead of wasting time in the terminal shopping for books.
Some things worth mentioning:
  • I guess this is the Indian city with the maximum modes of transportation - taxis, auto-rickshaws, 6-people rickshaws, hand-pulled rickshaws, trams, buses, private buses, old Metro, new Metro, ferries, small boats, Ubers, Uber Bike (I don't see this in Mumbai), etc.
  • Salt Lake seems very different from the rest of the city.
  • When the CM moved the CM's office to Nabanna, technically, since the CM sits in the capital city, does that make Howrah the capital city now? I know it's not and it would anger most people here, but just was wondering. My guide had no idea; he kept on insisting that Kolkata is the capital of the state. Haha.
  • I found a lot of similarities in the British architecture in Kolkata and (South) Mumbai, but Kolkata has a red-and-white color scheme going on a lot. I am no expert in Victorian or baroque architecture, so pardon me if there are vast differences in style.
  • I didn't get to visit some major sights like Belur Math or Dakhineswar Temple. I chose to be lazy in the hotels and relax at the swimming pools instead. The afternoon heat made the pools and the air-conditioned bars (cold beers and G&Ts) very inviting. That's ok, I guess.
  • I couldn't find a place for jhaal muri! I got dry jhaal muri at the airport lounge on my way out, but it wasn't the authentic experience I was looking for. Where should I have looked?
  • I loved your aloo dum and luchis.
  • I wanted to get the shakha pola bangles for my mother, but I couldn't find any place. My guide took me to a (gold) jeweler... um, no, that's not the same thing. Where should I have gone? I feel bad that I didn't bring anything back for my mom from the trip :(
Just other some things:
(and I am not trying to look down upon it, but just writing a truthful account of my experience)
  • ITC Royal Bengal was a shitshow on the weekend! It was overcrowded due to the IPL (and some football matches as well) - I saw a lot of foreign and Indian players, but since I don't follow cricket, I couldn't recognize anyone. But everyone in the lobby - me, other guests, including those players - was frustrated because check-in was taking a long time; they made me wait 2+ hours just to check-in! It wasn't just me; most guests were frustrated and this was not expected from ITC. Sunday breakfast was also like a zoo; it was overpacked. Note to self: avoid visiting this hotel on weekends.
  • Oberoi Grand is nice, but the whole aesthetic is very dated. I understand it is a heritage property with grand vanities and beds in teakwood which is supposed to be the ultimate old-school wealth indicating the person comes from wealth, but when compared with the contemporary and modern look at ITC, it felt very dated. Also, if you are staying at the Oberoi, please try to get an inside-facing (pool-facing) room; the view outside is not at all something special you would want to view.
  • Please don't take this the wrong way: There should be more focus on the overall cleanliness by the city municipal corporation. And I say this coming from Mumbai, which I am fully aware is not known for its cleanliness either. But Mumbai seems cleaner. For example, I took a kathi roll somewhere on Park Street and was walking around looking for a dustbin/garbage can to throw the wrapper and my tissue papepaper napkin, but there was none! I walked a few blocks just searching for one. I asked around and people laughed at me. Finally, a paanwala told me - just throw it on the side, there are no dustbins here; a guy comes in the morning and cleans it all - that's not good imho. There were just piles of trash littered on the sides of the streets and foot paths, which is sad. Also, the route from ITC to Oberoi (via Dhapa Road and Debendra Chandra Dey Road) was interesting...
Overall: 5/5 stars
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