2011.08.21 03:25 rebeldefector /r/Heavymind
2024.05.20 17:57 a-i-cant-fix-that Telegaaf van 20 mei 2024
submitted by a-i-cant-fix-that to PolitiekeMemes [link] [comments] |
2024.05.19 16:39 Acceptable-Equal-324 Is this a general bug or it's my phone's fault?
So, basically, I get no suggested videos if I play something, if I play a mix I don't get the next songs in the Playlist, they don't auto play, I can't even see them. This happens since this morning, anyone have any ideas? submitted by Acceptable-Equal-324 to youtube [link] [comments] |
2024.05.18 20:00 Inner_Lengthiness697 $133k/m selling Nextjs boiler plates
2024.05.17 23:41 Flashy_Profit1437 Inductiekookplaat ondiepe nis, help?
2024.05.17 08:43 Crunchy_gnocchi Mea culpa Plasterk aan Omtzigt via ingezonden briefje: 'Sorry Pieter!'
submitted by Crunchy_gnocchi to nietdespeld [link] [comments] |
2024.05.17 07:17 theconstellinguist People Are Less Likely to Help Those They Envy, and When They Can't Get Away With Not Helping, They Make Them as Dependent As Possible as a Way to Level them and Relieve Feelings of Inferiority
2024.05.17 06:42 Glimworm Plasterk brengt Wilders-I naar de rand van de afgrond
Gisteravond kwamen NRC en Volkskrant met het bericht dat Omtzicht dwarsligt bij de nominatie van Plasterk als kandidaat-premier. Vannacht heeft Plasterk in de Telegraaf een brief met excuses gepubliceerd. Sorry Pieter! Hiermee heeft Plasterk zichzelf en Wilders een hele slechte dienst bewezen. Welke kandidaat-minister wil er aan het werk onder een premier die zelf met de media deelt dat een van de coalitiepartners die de coalitie aan een meerderheid helpt geen zin in hem heeft? Zeker omdat de inzet van de formatie is dat er ministers van buiten de politiek gezocht worden, die dus hiervoor hun baan moeten opzeggen. Welke Kuipers of Dijkgraaf heeft daar nu nog zin in? Wilders zit nu met de aap Plasterk op z’n schouders. Zijn voorkeur ligt op straat en hij kan door deze brief niet meer terugkrabbelen. Het is duidelijk dat als de boel klapt de andere drie partijen nu de schuld bij hem kunnen leggen. “Geert wilde per se Plasterk. Wij hebben hem nog gewaarschuwd, maar hij was er niet vanaf te brengen. Zo jammer...” submitted by Glimworm to Politiek [link] [comments] |
2024.05.16 18:23 F1CycAr16 Jacco Verhaeren will succeed Merijn Zeeman at Visma Lease a Bike as technical director
2024.05.16 18:07 Bernie529 Pieter Omtzigt blokkeert – tot dusver – de voordracht van Ronald Plasterk als premier
"De voordracht van Ronald Plasterk (PvdA) als kandidaat-premier door de PVV is vertraagd door twijfel bij NSC-leider Pieter Omtzigt. Dat melden bronnen aan NRC. Die twijfel komt voort uit een vertrouwensbreuk die eerder in de formatie al ontstond, en lijkt te zijn versterkt door recente publicaties van NRC over een integriteitskwestie rond Plasterk." submitted by Bernie529 to nederlands [link] [comments] "De relatie tussen Omtzigt en Plasterk is al een tijd verstoord. Plasterk was informateur van december tot februari. Hij moest stoppen na een vertrouwensbreuk met Pieter Omtzigt. De NSC-leider stapte in februari uit de formatiegesprekken, nadat hij Plasterk ervan had beschuldigd informatie te hebben achtergehouden en pas op een laat moment te hebben gedeeld met de onderhandelaars van PVV, VVD, NSC en BBB. Op dinsdagavond 6 februari verliet Omtzigt een gesprek met de vier onderhandelaars om, zonder dat zij dat wisten, in een hotel in Den Haag aan een select groepje journalisten te vertellen waarom zijn partij de gesprekken over een nieuwe coalitie zou staken." "Omtzigt kon het niet van zich afzetten, hij zocht in die tijd naar manieren om te voorkomen dat Plasterk op een later moment dat ambt zou kunnen vervullen. Op zijn beurt bleef Plasterk na het woelige einde van zijn informateurschap niet stilzitten. Hij beklaagde zich bij Haagse hoofdrolspelers over Omtzigt, over wie hij niet te spreken was." Wie zouden jullie als minister-president willen zien?🤔 |
2024.05.16 17:17 pwiegers Pieter Omtzigt blokkeert – tot dusver – de voordracht van Plasterk
submitted by pwiegers to Politiek [link] [comments] |
2024.05.16 17:06 grnngr Pieter Omtzigt blokkeert – tot dusver – de voordracht van Ronald Plasterk als premier
submitted by grnngr to Politiek [link] [comments] |
2024.05.16 10:38 I_Eat_Pork These are the important plans and intentions of the Dutch coalition agreement
"Hope, guts and pride" is the name of the coalition agreement of PVV, VVD, NSC and BBB. In 26 pages they spell out what they plan to do. "Whether it's about security of existence, healthcare or money in the wallet, or the availability of sufficient housing, our ambition is great," the four write in the introduction to what they themselves call an outline agreement. "We also want to reverse the far too high influx of asylum seekers and immigrants. We want farmers, gardeners and fishermen to have a future again." The new coalition has broken down the intended policies, many of which still have to be worked out by the future cabinet, into 10 chapters. Below are the main points for each chapter: submitted by I_Eat_Pork to neoliberal [link] [comments] Subsistence security and purchasing powerThe four parties have agreed that the deductible in health care will be more than halved. This will only happen in 2027, because earlier would not be possible. Now there is still a mandatory deductible of 385 euros per year. That would then become 165 euros per year. Furthermore, the coalition wants a reduction in the burden on labor "for example by introducing an extra bracket in the Income Tax." And the four want to encourage job security, improve debt relief and make child care almost free for parents.Grip on asylum and migrationAs announced, the coalition is heading for the strictest asylum package ever. Thus there will be a temporary Asylum Crisis Act with crisis measures. In the event of a "crisis," far-reaching measures can be taken. The indefinite asylum permit will be abolished and the temporary residence permit will be modified. Asylum seekers who have been rejected will be "deported as much as possible, including by force." Also, asylum seekers with residency permits will no longer be given priority in the allocation of social housing. Automatic family reunification will also be scrapped, and the number of people allowed to chain migrate will be "severely restricted." The agreement also states that the dispersal law is to be undone (much to the chagrin of the law's creator). The new coalition wants to repeal the law, which has already been passed by both the House and Senate. Furthermore, the coalition wants to seek permission from the European Commission not to participate in European asylum and migration policy, and wants more border control and the introduction of the dual status system. Asylum is not the only form of migration the coalition wants to combat. There will be additional requirements for migrant workers from outside the EU, and "malicious temporary employment structures" will be cracked down on. Study migration will be curbed, including by offering more courses in Dutch, a cap on foreign students and an increase in tuition fees for non-EU students. As for civic integration, the four want knowledge of the Holocaust to become mandatory and language requirements to be raised. Under the same heading is regulation of amplified prayer calls [of mosques].(Public) housing, infrastructure, public transportation and aviationStructurally, 100,000 new homes must be added each year. One way to do this is to make more land available for building. "'Adding streets, inside and outside of cities." the agreement states. Procedures to build must also be accelerated.For people who already inhabit a home, the coalition wants to curb rent increases (in social housing). Of new construction, at least 30 percent on average must be for social rent. For homeowners, the increase in property taxes will be capped. And also important for this group: "there will be no tampering with the mortgage interest tax deduction." In terms of infrastructure, 130 kilometers per hour may be driven "whereever possible" again, including during the day. Furthermore, the accessibility of rural areas must be improved "by strengthening bus transport between village centers in the countryside" and the construction of the Lelylijn, a train connection between Lelystad and Groningen, will continue. Agriculture and fisheries, food security, and natureRegarding agriculture, the BBB's spearhead, the coalition wants to "pull out all the stops" to adapt European directives. Efforts are being made to adapt the Nitrates Directive and "recalibrate" Natura 2000 areas. "Aimed at a main structure of robust nature areas instead of 'snippet nature'." The agreement also states that the Netherlands should no longer pursue a more ambitious nature policy than the rest of Europe. The coalition does not want a forced reduction of livestock. Nor should there be any forced expropriation. However, there should be generous voluntary buyouts and plenty of effort should be put into innovation in agriculture. Striking: the cheaper "red diesel" is coming back for farmers, horticulturists and contract workers. Despite the fact that in 2013, that low excise tax rate for diesel was actually scrapped.Energy, security of supply and climate adaptationIn terms of climate policy, the coalition wants to stick to existing goals, the agreement states. "Only if we fail to meet the targets will we make alternative policies," it says. The climate fund also remains intact. From that billion dollar fund, established by the current cabinet, climate measures are financed. The fund also provides money for the development of nuclear energy. The new coalition is heading for four large new nuclear power plants, and not two, as previously thought. The parties want to focus on more energy independence and own sustainable energy production. Furthermore, the heat pump will not be made mandatory after all. The current cabinet had thought of that, but it has been scrapped. Subsidies for electric cars to be scrapped by 2025.Public facilities, healthcare and educationThe four parties want to strengthen primary care, including general practitioner, district nursing and informal care. Furthermore, working in care (where there is a large staff shortage) must become more attractive. This should be done "by means of more autonomy, career prospects, good working conditions and limitation of regulatory and administrative burdens." There should also be better care for the elderly. In terms of education, teaching methods used should be "proven effective and otherwise politically neutral" and 'Englishification' should be reduced. On medical ethics, everything remains as it is. "The legal frameworks remain unchanged" around embryos, abortion and euthanasia.Good governance and strong rule of lawThe coalition is sorting out a new electoral system for the House of Representatives. Exactly what that should look like remains to be determined. In any case, it should strengthen "the regional link between voters and elected officials." The intention is to have the system in place by the next elections. Furthermore, steps must be taken for a constitutional revision so that laws can be tested against the Constitution. And by extension, steps should also be taken for the formation of a constitutional court to conduct constitutional review (a fervent wish of NSC leader Pieter Omtzigt). There will also be "a right to err". "A single mistake can no longer push a citizen deep into trouble," the new coalition believes. Dunning and collection costs of the government will be sharply reduced. Also, the number of civil servants and consultants in the government is to be cut, and a cut of one hundred million euros has been booked for public broadcasting. Hotel stays will become more expensive because the VAT rate will return to 21 percent. VAT on cultural goods and services will also go up, but not for cinemas and day recreation.Domestic securityIn the area of security in the Netherlands, the four want to strengthen the approach to organized crime. "Greater efforts will be made to confiscate assets" and "the anti-money laundering approach will be intensified." There will also be harsher penalties for serious crimes such as terror and serious acts of violence and sex offenses. The juvenile justice system will be made tougher, including by increasing maximum sentences.International security"The Netherlands will continue to support Ukraine politically, militarily, financially and morally against Russian aggression," the agreement reads. The NATO standard of 2 percent for defense is to be made legally binding. And controversially, there is to be an examination of "when relocation of the embassy to Jerusalem can take place at an appropriate time." Most countries have their embassies in Tel Aviv because of Jerusalem's complex status.Public finances, economy and business climateThe business climate must be improved, the new coalition believes. And so recent tax increases for entrepreneurs will be partially reversed. This includes an increase in the energy tax. The forming parties have agreed to eventually save 14.7 billion euros per year. The same amount of additional spending (tax relief and investments) will be spent in return. On balance, spending will eventually be reduced by 4.7 billion euros per year. |
2024.05.16 09:48 Emotional-Frame4304 Hoe is een regionaal kiesstelsel een goed idee?
2024.05.15 18:58 dutchbonehead 'Hoera, de formatie lijkt eindelijk tot een eind te komen' - Pieter Derks NPO Radio 1
Hier wordt een spiegel voorgehouden en e.e.a. in perspectief geplaatst. Conclusie is voor onze nationale hobby uitstekend natuurlijk. submitted by dutchbonehead to nederlands [link] [comments] |
2024.05.15 15:18 pwiegers NSC en VVD beschuldigen elkaar ervan formatiegesprekken te vertragen, presentatie akkoord mogelijk morgen pas
Langzaamaan komen er druppels informatie naar buiten over waarom het afronden van de formatiegesprekken onverwacht langer duurt dan eerder werd aangenomen. Volgens het hoofd woordvoering van NSC zou de VVD meer tijd nodig hebben om de laatste puntjes op de i te zetten. Dit wordt door de VVD ontkend.
Vanuit de liberalen valt te horen dat Pieter Omtzigt vandaag, nadat de onderhandelingen over het financiële plaatje gisteren waren afgerond, met een nieuw voorstel op de proppen is gekomen dat behoorlijk grote implicaties heeft voor de rijksfinanciën. Volgens de VVD is dát de reden waarom de gesprekken nu langer duren dan voorzien.
Betrokkenen houden er inmiddels rekening mee dat een eventueel hoofdlijnenakkoord pas morgen gepresenteerd kan worden.
2024.05.14 11:40 kippenmelk Pieter Omtzigt, stap nu het nog kan uit de formatie
submitted by kippenmelk to Politiek [link] [comments] |
2024.05.13 12:07 sebaslogen Q42 is looking for android engineers
2024.05.12 18:16 Stars_Falling_93 This is Pieter... (translation in the comments)
submitted by Stars_Falling_93 to cats [link] [comments] |
2024.05.12 12:42 GemeenteEnschede Politieke Onzin Informatie?
2024.05.12 10:26 Black_toutie Ik_ihe
submitted by Black_toutie to ik_ihe [link] [comments] |
2024.05.08 10:42 Irridi4n Oproep! Pointer is opzoek naar onderwerpen die spelen in Tilburg en omstreken
2024.05.08 04:12 stormy001 The history of a variant of Malay language in 1600-1700s
https://preview.redd.it/r4pptt3034zc1.jpg?width=1280&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=4f2a2d932bd6eab8ebb56673a074c1f94da677d6 submitted by stormy001 to malaysia [link] [comments] The study of the history of Malay language is incomplete without a focus on the Low Malay which rose to prominence in the 16th to 17th centuries and largely instrumental in the development of the Indonesian language,⁽¹⁾ an important modern Malay variant. There have been different ways of classifying the variants of Malay in the course of time. William Marsden distinguished four "styles" of Malay. The 𝑏𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑑𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚 ("courtly style") and the 𝑏𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑠𝑎𝑤𝑎𝑛 ("style of the politer classes"), only differ from each other in the presence in the former of a small number of words with with status features pertaining to the king. The third style is the 𝑏𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑔 ("language of commerce"), used by the insular traders and characterized by its being "less elegant and less grammatical" than the former styles. The last style is the 𝑏𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑘𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑘𝑎𝑛, the "mixed jargon of the bazaars of great sea-port towns, a sort of language of convention, of which Malayan is the basis".⁽²⁾ The more usual division however, was binary, of which High and Low Malay are the most familiar. High Malay was the literary language, that was developed in courts of Melaka and Johor Sultanates. While Low Malay, also known as 𝑏𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑟 ("Bazaar Malay") was developed as a trading language from the extensive untutored acquisition of Malay by multi-ethnic populations in Southeast Asia. They are characterised by a reduced morphology, (usually) a simplified phonology and the usage of very few prepositions. Where literary Malay uses verbal morphology (prefixes and suffixes), Low Malay makes frequent use of auxiliaries.⁽³⁾ Another important feature of Low Malay which can still be found in modern Indonesian is the pronunciation of the final 'a' strictly as /a/ as per Latin sound, signifying a strong foreign influence, which differs from the Standard Malay used in Malaysia and Brunei that still retains the traditional Melaka-Johor schwa sound /ə/ for final 'a'.⁽⁴⁾⁽⁵⁾ According to Adelaar, in addition to a High literary variant and a Low variant for trade and other forms of inter-ethnic communication, there must also have been a third category known as the vernaculars. These vernaculars were different from the Low Malay variants in that they were the dialects of traditional Malay communities and did not show the same amount of interference from other languages as did low Malay. Among notable vernaculars include the Pattani Malay, Kedahan Malay, Kelantanese Malay, Bruneian Malay and many other traditional Malay dialects.⁽³⁾ Through inter-ethnic contact within the traditional Malay homeland, the resulting development of a pidginised variety, known as Bazaar Malay or Low Malay can be observed with Malay-based creole languages like Baba Malay and Chetty Malay of Melaka. Beyond the traditional Malay homeland, instances of such development occurred particularly in port cities across the Eastern Malay archipelago, and is largely attributed to the increase in the presence of Malay traders in the region from the 16th century. As noted by João de Barros in the same period, this large exodus of Malay traders to other ports in the region and their eventual domination in shipping and trade, was the direct result of the fall of Melaka Sultanate to the hand of the Portuguese in 1511.⁽⁶⁾ As Portuguese control around the Straits of Malacca was firmly established, the centre of activity of these Malay traders was effectively shifted to the Eastern Malay Archipelago. In 1544 the Portuguese Antonio Paiva noted the bustling atmosphere at Siang Kingdom, South Sulawesi, where the bulk of the merchants were Malays from Ujung Tanah (Johor), Patani, and Pahang.⁽⁷⁾ But the Christianisation of the ruler of Siang by the Portuguese at that time may have spurred the Muslim Malay merchants to shift their trade to the new thriving port at Makassar, which was under the control of a newly-formed union of the Makassarese kingdoms of Gowa and Tallo. The first official settlement of the Malays in Makassar had been established in 1561, when the Malay skipper Anakoda Bonang (Datuk Maharaja Bonang) brought gifts of textiles and weapons to the ruler of Goa, Karaeng Tunipalangga. The Malays' position was further consolidated with the arrival in 1632 of a nobleman from Patani, Datuk Maharaja Lela; he was chosen as chief of the Makassar Malays.⁽⁸⁾ In 1625, an English merchant, Henry Short recorded that ''𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒘𝒉𝒐 𝒔𝒂𝒊𝒍 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒆 𝒋𝒖𝒏𝒌𝒔 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑴𝒂𝒄𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒂𝒓 𝒕𝒐 𝑴𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒔 𝒘𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒎𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒎 𝑴𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒚𝒔 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑷𝒂𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒊, 𝑱𝒐𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒆, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒘𝒉𝒐 𝒍𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝑴𝒂𝒄𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒂𝒓 𝒃𝒚 𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒚 𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒔𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅 𝒎𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒉𝒊𝒑𝒑𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔''.⁽⁹⁾ The Malays were also prominent in the life of the court. Ince Amin, a Makassar Malay, was secretary to the ruler of Goa, and wrote a rhymed chronicle of the war between Goa and the VOC. This 𝑆𝑦𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑘𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑟 gives many examples of the diplomatic and military activities of the Makassar Malays, and confirms VOC accounts of their mediating role.⁽¹⁰⁾ The Dutch Governor-General Hendrik Brouwer in 1634, noted the migration of Malay and Javanese traders to Makassar. The Malays came from Johor, Pahang, and Lingga, while the Javanese came from Gresik, Giri, Jaratan, Sedayu and many other places.⁽⁹⁾ Malay trading communities can also be found in Java, particularly in Banten and Batavia. Willem Lodewycksz, the author of the account of the first Dutch voyage to the East Indies under Cornelis de Houtman in 1595-1597, mentioned the Malays and the Indians (klings) of Banten as traders who loaned money on interest for voyages and bottomry.⁽¹¹⁾ In both Batavia (from 1644) and Makassar (1670), the leaders of the Malay maritime community were large traders from Patani, thus the second generation of those who participated after the initial dispersal from Melaka. These were highly valued merchants and intermediaries. The first 𝐊𝐚𝐩𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐌𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐮 𝐨𝐟 𝐁𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐚, Encik Amat, was sent as a Dutch envoy to Mataram four times, and often arranged the protocol for the reception of Asian dignitaries in Batavia. When the fourth generation of this distinguished family to the Kapitan Melayu was caught swindling his fellow Malays in 1732, and exiled to Ceylon, he was found to have 329,000 𝑟𝑖𝑥𝑑𝑎𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑠 in property and hundreds of slaves. He must have been one of the richest men in not only Batavia but all Southeast Asia.⁽¹²⁾ The Malay community of Batavia was wealthy but not particularly large-between 2,000 and 4,000 in the period 1680-1730, dropping to below 2,000 in the mid-1700s (mainly due to malaria) but rising sharply to 12,000 at th end of the 18th century. By them, the category had expanded in meaning to embrace all the Malay-speaking Muslims who came to Batavia from Sumatra, Borneo and the Peninsula. This group of traders expanded as trade itself expanded in the 18th century.⁽¹²⁾ The centuries of inter-ethnic contact in cultural and commercial interactions, many of it underwritten by Malay as an important lingua franca, had spawned creole or Low Malay varieties as it scattered in port cities across the archipelago, with most notable examples are the Betawi (Batavia) Malay and Makassar Malay, and other Malay tongues which spun off from each other and refashioned in local particulars.⁽¹³⁾ Among these include, other seven varieties which become the native languages of their communities in the eastern part of the Malay Archipelago; Manado Malay (North Sulawesi), North Moluccan Malay (North Moluccas), Ambon Malay and Banda Malay (Central Moluccas), Kupang Malay (Timor), Larantuka Malay (Flores) and Papua Malay (Indonesian New Guinea). From approximately 1880 until 1925, Low Malay was the most prominent language of newspapers and popular literature on Java that reached a wide, ethnically diverse audience of Chinese, Dutch, Eurasian, and indigenous populations.⁽¹⁴⁾ The Dutch East Indies colonial government insisted on the use of Low Malay and in general refused to allow Indonesians to learn Dutch, as a means of enforcing caste separation, but their efforts boomeranged when the Low Malay came to be a vehicle for Indonesian nationalism, serving as the basis for a new national language, which has been re-baptised Bahasa Indonesia in 1928 and is now the official language of the Indonesian Republic.⁽¹⁾⁽¹⁵⁾ 𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 ⁽¹⁾ Hall (1966), p. 13 ⁽²⁾ Steinhauer, H. (1980), p. 357-358 ⁽³⁾ Adelaar, K. A. (2000), p. 233 ⁽⁴⁾ Za'ba (1956) ⁽⁵⁾ Leow (2018), p. 208 ⁽⁶⁾ Alatas, S. H. (2012), p. 187 ⁽⁷⁾ John Villiers (1990), p. 124-125 ⁽⁸⁾ Barnard (2004), p. 79-80 ⁽⁹⁾ Alatas, S. H. (2012), p. 189 ⁽¹⁰⁾ Barnard (2004), p. 79-80 ⁽¹¹⁾ Lodewijcksz (1915), p. 121 ⁽¹²⁾ Barnard (2004), p. 8 ⁽¹³⁾ Leow (2018), p. 4-5 ⁽¹⁴⁾ Rafferty, E. (1984), p. 256 ⁽¹⁵⁾ Hall (1966), p. 18 𝐁𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐨𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡𝐲 Adelaar, K. A. (2000). Malay: A Short History. Oriente Moderno, 19 (80)(2), 225–242. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25817713 Alatas, S. H. (2012). The Myth of the Lazy Native: A Study of the Image of the Malays, Filipinos and Javanese from the 16th to the 20th Century and Its Function in the Ideology of Colonial Capitalism. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis. Barnard, Timothy P. (2004), Contesting Malayness: Malay identity across boundaries, Singapore: Singapore University press, ISBN 9971-69-279-1 Hall, Robert Anderson (1966) - Pidgin and Creole Languages, ISBN:9780801401732 John Villiers, 'Makassar: the Rise and Fall of an East Indonesian Maritime Trading State, 1512-1669', in J. Kathirithamby-Wells & John Villiers eds., The Southeast Asian Port and Polity: Rise and Demise, Singapore: Singapore University Press, 1990, 146, 157; Christian Pelras, The Bugis, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1996, 124-5. Leow, Rachel (2018), Taming Babel: Language in the Making of Malaysia, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1316602607 Lodewijcksz, Willem, 16th century D'Eerste Boeck & Rouffaer, G. P. (Gerret Pieter), 1860-1928 & Ijzerman, J. W. (Jan Willem), 1851-1932. (1915). De eerste schipvaart der Nederlanders naar Oost-Indie onder Cornelis de Houtman, 1595-1597 : journalen, documenten en andere bescheiden / uitgegeven en toegelicht door G.P. Rouffaer en J.W. Ijzerman. 's-Gravenhage : Martinus Nijhoff Godinho de Eredia, Manuel, 1563-1623 & Mills. J. V. (1997). Eredia's description of Malaca, Meridional India, and Cathay / translated from the Portuguese with notes by J.V. Mills ; and new introduction by Cheah Boon Kheng. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia : Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society Rafferty, E. (1984). Languages of the Chinese of Java--An Historical Review. The Journal of Asian Studies, 43(2), 247–272. https://doi.org/10.2307/2055313 Steinhauer, H. (1980). On the History of Indonesian. Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics, 1, 349–375. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40996873 Za'ba (1956) - Soal Jawab Bahasa, Dewan Bahasa, June 1956; monthly columns run 1956-8 Source |