Hi, I'm using gaussian16 to generate a reaction coordinate diagram to model a reaction mechanism.
In all the papers I'm looking at, there are outputs of the frequency calculation (the thermodynamic information including the free energy that is plotted on a reaction coordinate diagram) from calculations performed at a lower level of theory. This makes sense.
There are also always higher level of theory single point calculations. This does not make sense to me. If the thermodynamic values are what's important for this application, and the frequency calculations and optimizations must be performed at the same level of theory, why is it important to get the single point energy?
Thanks

The Pipe of Time: A Unified Framework for Temporal Dynamics in Cognitive Systems and Social Networks
Abstract
This paper introduces the "Pipe of Time," a novel conceptual framework designed to elucidate the temporal dynamics underlying cognitive systems and social networks. The "Pipe of Time" integrates principles from thermodynamics, information theory, fluid dynamics, and cognitive science to provide a comprehensive model for understanding how temporal processes influence the flow of information, energy, and entropy within intelligent systems and social structures. This framework examines the impact of information quality and density, contrasting low-density, low-efficiency systems with high-density, high-efficiency systems. By conceptualizing time as a continuous flow and incorporating concepts such as cavitation, pressure calculations, and the dynamic membership of social networks, the "Pipe of Time" offers insights into the evolution of cognitive states, the emergence of intelligence, and the nature of social interactions and decision-making.
I. Introduction
The nature of time and its role in cognitive processes and social networks has long been a subject of interest across multiple disciplines. Understanding how cognitive systems and social networks navigate and interpret the temporal dimension is crucial for advancing theories of intelligence, consciousness, and social dynamics. This paper introduces the "Pipe of Time," a conceptual framework that integrates temporal dynamics with cognitive processes and social networks, providing a unified model for examining the evolution of states within intelligent systems and social groups.
II. Theoretical Foundations
The "Pipe of Time" framework is built upon four key theoretical foundations: thermodynamics, information theory, fluid dynamics, and cognitive science. These foundations provide the conceptual and mathematical basis for understanding how temporal dynamics influence cognitive systems and social networks.
A. Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics provides a framework for understanding the flow of energy and entropy within a system. Key principles include:

1. Energy Utilization: Cognitive systems and social networks require energy to function and maintain order.
2. Entropy Reduction: Intelligent behavior and cohesive social dynamics are associated with reducing internal entropy, increasing complexity and organization.

B. Information Theory
Information theory offers tools for quantifying information flow and processing within cognitive systems and social networks. Key principles include:

1. Information Flow: Cognitive systems and social networks process and transmit information, which is subject to noise and distortion.
2. Entropy and Information: The entropy of a system can be related to the amount of uncertainty or information within that system.
3. Information Density: The concentration of useful information within a given volume of data, influencing the efficiency of cognitive and social processes.

C. Fluid Dynamics
Fluid dynamics provides a useful analogy for understanding the continuous flow of time and the dynamic processes within cognitive systems and social networks. Key principles include:

1. Flow and Pressure: Just as fluids flow through pipes, information and energy flow through cognitive systems and social networks, driven by gradients in pressure and potential.
2. Cavitation and Pressure Dynamics: Sudden changes in pressure, analogous to cavitation in fluids, can represent abrupt shifts in cognitive states or social dynamics.

D. Cognitive Science and Social Network Theory
Cognitive science and social network theory provide insights into the mechanisms underlying perception, learning, decision-making, and social interactions. Key principles include:

1. Perception and Action: Cognitive systems perceive their environment and take actions to achieve specific goals. Social networks exhibit collective behavior and decision-making.
2. Prediction and Learning: Systems learn from past experiences to improve future predictions and actions. Social networks evolve based on shared information and collective experiences.
3. Flocking Behavior: Social networks exhibit flocking behavior, where groups align their actions and decisions, creating probability clusters and influencing group dynamics.
4. Neural Network Analogy: Each social network can be considered a neural network, where group decision-making and entropy reduction parallel cognitive processes.

III. The Pipe of Time Conceptual Framework
The "Pipe of Time" conceptualizes time as a continuous flow through which cognitive systems and social networks navigate. This framework integrates thermodynamic principles with information processing and fluid dynamics to model the evolution of cognitive and social states over time.
A. Temporal Flow

1. Continuous Time: Time is represented as a continuous flow, with cognitive and social states evolving smoothly over time.
2. Temporal Prediction: Cognitive systems and social networks generate predictions about future states based on past and present information.

B. Energy and Entropy Dynamics

1. Energy Flow: Cognitive systems and social networks consume and allocate energy to maintain order and perform tasks.
2. Entropy Management: Systems actively manage entropy to reduce uncertainty and increase efficiency.

C. Information Processing

1. Information Flow: Cognitive systems and social networks process information continuously, adjusting their internal states based on new data.
2. Error Correction: Systems use feedback mechanisms to correct errors and improve future predictions.

D. Information Density and Quality

1. Information Density: High-density information systems and social networks concentrate more useful data within a given volume, leading to more efficient processing.
2. Quality of Information: High-quality information reduces contradictions and improves system performance. Contradictions cause token and rule bloat, leading to inefficiencies.

IV. Cavitation and Pressure Dynamics
Sudden changes in pressure, or cavitation events, are modeled by:
[ \Delta P = \mu \left( \frac{\partial² \mathbf{X}(t)}{\partial t^2} \right) ]
where ( \mu ) is a constant representing the susceptibility of the system to rapid changes in pressure, leading to potential discontinuities or abrupt shifts in state.
V. Information Density and System Efficiency
This section explores the impact of information density on system efficiency, contrasting low-density, low-efficiency systems with high-density, high-efficiency systems.
A. Low-Density, Low-Efficiency Systems

1. Contradictions and Bloat: Low-density systems often store redundant or contradictory information, leading to token and rule bloat.
2. Energy Waste: Such systems require more energy to process and resolve contradictions, resulting in lower efficiency.
3. Poor Performance: The increased computational load reduces the system's overall performance and responsiveness.

B. High-Density, High-Efficiency Systems

1. Optimized Information Storage: High-density systems store information in a more compact and optimized manner, reducing redundancies.
2. Enhanced Efficiency: By minimizing contradictions and bloat, these systems achieve higher efficiency and faster processing speeds.
3. Smaller Hardware Requirements: High-density information systems can perform well even in smaller hardware environments, making them suitable for resource-constrained applications.

C. Role of Reduced Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (ROBDDs)

1. Value Inference and Prediction: In high-density systems, values inferred from actions are used to predict future actions. ROBDDs provide an efficient method for representing and manipulating Boolean functions, aiding in value inference and decision-making.
2. Comparative Analysis: High-density systems using ROBDDs can be compared to low-density systems to predict and quantify information waste and inefficiencies.

VI. Social Networks as Neural Networks
Each slice of the "Pipe of Time" represents a distinct social network, with each group exhibiting flocking behavior and forming probability clusters. These social networks function as neural networks, with group decision-making processes and entropy management analogous to cognitive processes. Additionally, the dynamic nature of social networks includes the joining and leaving of members, analogous to the dynamic synaptic connections in a neural network.
A. Flocking Behavior and Probability Clusters

1. Group Dynamics: Social networks exhibit flocking behavior, where individuals align their actions and decisions based on shared information and group influence.
2. Probability Clusters: Flocking behavior leads to the formation of probability clusters, where certain outcomes or behaviors become more likely due to group dynamics.

B. Social Networks as Neural Networks

1. Analogous Processes: Social networks can be modeled as neural networks, with nodes representing individuals and connections representing social interactions and information flow.
2. Group Decision-Making: Collective decision-making processes in social networks parallel neural network processing, where the network evolves based on shared information and collective experiences.
3. Entropy Management: Social networks, like cognitive systems, actively manage entropy to reduce uncertainty and increase efficiency.

C. Dynamic Membership

1. Member Lifespan: The membership of a social network is dynamic, with individuals joining and leaving over time. This can be modeled as a time-dependent variable affecting the structure and function of the network.
2. Venn Diagram Representation: Each slice of the "Pipe of Time" can be represented as a Venn diagram, illustrating the overlapping memberships and the temporal dynamics of group composition.

VII. Mathematical Formalism
The "Pipe of Time" framework is formalized using mathematical equations that describe the flow of energy, entropy, and information within cognitive systems and social networks over time, incorporating concepts from fluid dynamics and dynamic membership.
A. State Evolution
The state of a cognitive system or social network at any time ( t ) is represented by a vector ( \mathbf{X}(t) ), which evolves according to the following differential equation:
[ \frac{d\mathbf{X}(t)}{dt} = \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{X}(t), t) ]
where ( \mathbf{F} ) is a function that captures the dynamics of the system, including energy utilization, entropy reduction, and information processing.
B. Energy and Entropy Equations
The energy ( E ) and entropy ( S ) of the system are governed by the following equations:
[ \frac{dE(t)}{dt} = -\alpha E(t) + \beta I(t) ] [ \frac{dS(t)}{dt} = \gamma S(t) - \delta I(t)
]
where ( \alpha ), ( \beta ), ( \gamma ), and ( \delta ) are constants, and ( I(t) ) represents the information processed by the system at time ( t ).
C. Information Flow and Pressure
The flow of information ( I(t) ) within the system is described by:
[ I(t) = \eta \left( \frac{d\mathbf{X}(t)}{dt} \right) ]
where ( \eta ) is a constant that relates the rate of change of the system's state to the amount of information processed.
D. Dynamic Membership

1. Membership Evolution: The membership of a social network evolves over time, affecting the overall structure and function of the network. This can be represented by a time-dependent membership function ( M(t) ), which influences the state vector ( \mathbf{X}(t) ).
2. Venn Diagram Dynamics: The dynamic membership can be visualized using Venn diagrams, where each slice of the "Pipe of Time" represents a different temporal state of the network, showing the overlap and interactions of different subgroups.

VIII. Conclusion
The "Pipe of Time" framework provides a comprehensive model for understanding the temporal dynamics of cognitive systems and social networks. By integrating principles from thermodynamics, information theory, fluid dynamics, and cognitive science, this framework offers a unified approach to studying the evolution of states within intelligent systems and social structures. The incorporation of dynamic membership and the comparison of information density and quality further enhance our understanding of system efficiency and performance. This model has potential applications in various fields, including artificial intelligence, sociology, and organizational theory, offering new insights into the nature of time, intelligence, and social dynamics.

TERMS 1. Meter: Metric Unit of length. 2. Second: Metric Unit of time. 3. Gram: Unit of mass. About the weight of a paperclip. 4. Derived Unit: Units made from basic units, like speed (meters per second). 5. Conversion Factor: A ratio to change one unit to another, like 1 inch = 2.54 cm. 6. Percent Error: How wrong a measurement is, in percentage. 7. Significant Digits: Digits in a number that actually matter. 8. Radian: A way to measure angles, based on the radius of a circle. 9. Mechanics: Study of motion and forces. 10. Efficiency: How well something converts energy without wasting much. 11. Block and Tackle: Pulley system to lift heavy stuff with less effort. 12. Inclined Plane: A ramp to make lifting easier. 13. Mechanical Equilibrium: When forces balance out and nothing moves. 14. Dynamics: Study of why things move. 15. Displacement: Change in position, in a straight line from start to end. 16. Scalar: Quantity with only magnitude (size), like temperature. 17. Magnitude: Size or amount of something. 18. Vector: Quantity with both magnitude and direction, like velocity. 19. Commutative: Order doesn’t matter, like in addition (3 + 2 = 2 + 3). 20. Velocity: Speed with a direction. 21. Acceleration: Change in velocity over time. 22. Resultant: The overall effect of combining vectors. 23. Reference Position: Starting point to measure motion. 24. PV Diagram: Graph showing pressure vs. volume for a gas. 25. Frame of Reference: Perspective from which you measure and observe motion. 26. Average Acceleration: Total change in velocity divided by total time. 27. Projectile: Object moving under gravity alone, like a thrown ball. 28. Trajectory: Path a projectile follows. 29. Range: Horizontal distance a projectile travels. 30. Inertia: Resistance to change in motion. 31. Force: Push or pull on an object. 32. Balanced Forces: Forces that cancel each other out, no motion change. 33. Unbalanced Forces: Forces that don’t cancel out, causing motion change. 34. Action / Reaction: Newton’s third law; every action has an equal and opposite reaction. 35. Friction: Force resisting motion between surfaces in contact. 36. Traction: Friction that allows movement, like tires on a road. 37. Potential Energy: Stored energy due to position. 38. Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion. 39. One Dimensional Motion: Movement in a straight line. 40. Two Dimensional Motion: Movement in a plane, like a frisbee’s flight. 41. Torque: Rotational force. 42. Hooke’s Law: Force in a spring is proportional to its stretch. 43. Terminal Velocity: Constant speed when gravity and air resistance balance. 44. Damping Force: Force that reduces motion, like friction in a shock absorber. 45. Frequency: How often something happens, like waves per second. 46. Dominion: Control or power over something. 47. Creation Mandate: Biblical idea that humans should care for the Earth. 48. Atheistic Worldview: Belief system that denies the existence of deities. 49. Right Triangle: Triangle with a 90-degree angle. 50. Nuclear Force Interactions: Forces between particles in an atom’s nucleus. 51. Capillarity: Movement of liquid in a narrow space due to surface tension. 52. Vapor Pressure: Pressure from a vapor in contact with its liquid or solid form. 53. Calorimetric: Measuring heat transfer. 54. Electromagnetic Force: Force between electric charges. 55. Conservation of Mechanical Energy: Total mechanical energy remains constant in a closed system. 56. Spring Constant: Stiffness of a spring. 57. Work / Energy: Work is force applied over distance; energy is the ability to do work. 58. Power: Rate of doing work or using energy. 59. Ideal Spring: A spring that perfectly follows Hooke’s Law. 60. Coefficient of Volume Expansion: How much a material’s volume changes with temperature. 61. Bimetallic Strip: Two metals bonded together that expand differently with heat, bending as temperature changes. 62. Charles' Law: Volume of gas increases with temperature if pressure is constant. 63. STP: Standard temperature and pressure (0°C and 1 atm). 64. Free Body Diagram: Sketch showing all forces on an object. 65. Equilibrium Position: Position where forces on an object are balanced. 66. Momentum: Mass times velocity, measure of motion. 67. Periodic Motion: Motion that repeats at regular intervals. 68. Elastic Modulus: Material’s stiffness, ratio of stress to strain. 69. Sublimation: Direct change from solid to gas. 70. Latent Heat of Fusion: Heat required to change a solid to a liquid without temperature change. 71. Laminar Flow: Smooth, orderly fluid motion. 72. Universal Gas Constant: Constant used in the ideal gas law (R). 73. Fluid: A substance that flows and can take the shape of its container, like liquids and gases. PEOPLE 1. Galileo: - An Italian scientist. Known for using a telescope to study the skies, discovering moons of Jupiter, and supporting the idea that the Earth orbits the Sun. Lived from 1564 to 1642. His work laid the foundation for modern physics and astronomy.

1. Sir Isaac Newton:
   
   • An English mathematician and physicist. Formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, and invented calculus. Lived from 1643 to 1727. His laws explained how objects move and interact, forming the basis of classical mechanics.
2. James Watt:
   
   • A Scottish engineer and inventor. Improved the steam engine, making it more efficient and practical for industrial use. Lived from 1736 to 1819. His improvements to the steam engine helped drive the Industrial Revolution, transforming industry and transport.

Disclaimer: This post is about my personal opinion, others may agree or disagree, it is for reference, one can always refer to multiple sources for same information
Writing this to help aspirants in:

• One shots versus Full lectures for which chapters
• Good video resources
• Question solving resources

Unit 1: Diversity in living world

• One Shots are enough
• Taxonomy portion got a lot to memorize, flowcharts will help.
• High effort but high weightage chapters.
• Conceptual part is regarding life cycles and reproduction everything else needs constant revisions

Unit 2: Structural Organisation

• One Shots are enough, video resources do not even contribute much to your learning of these chapters because you are the one who will figure out how to retain that much information
• Anatomy portion got some topics which need conceptual clarity and photographic memory
• High effort high weightage, reduced syllabus has been followed in NEET 2024.

Unit 3: Cell Structure and Functions

• Full length lectures needed
• Very high weightage unit
• Cell Cycle and Division has the most PYQs per page in last 5-7 years
• Proper conceptual clarity required in chapter 8 and 10
• Biomolecules will also contribute for Class 12th Chemistry chapter so effort won't go into vain

Unit 4: Plant Physiology

• Full length lecture required for Respiration and Photosynthesis
• Plant Growth and Development, video resources don't contribute much it's upon you how you gonna retain information about every regulator
• Reduced syllabus has been followed in NEET 2024
• Plant growth chapter is really really volatile so need regular revisions

Unit 5: Human Physiology

• Breathing System, Skeletal System and Endocrine are relatively simpler so one shots are enough
• Neural, Circulatory and Excretory system might need further help
• Understanding through animations can help a lot
• A lot of teachers teach way too much you have to make sure that you don't cross syllabus boundary however a bit out of ncert helps in bringing conceptual clarity
• A little extra time given if eliminates the load of rattafication, you must go for it.

Unit 6: Reprodcution

• Diagrams are really really important
• One Shots are usually enough

Unit 7: Genetics and Evolution

• You won't regret time spent on full length lectures for this unit because it not only carries difficult questions it also has very high weightage
• I highly recommend doing the lectures from NEET KAKA JEE youtube channel for these chapters (A single one shot is compilation of offline lectures)
• However a lot of teach wayyy out of NCERT ofcourse you need not worry about that

Unit 8: Biology in Human Welflare

• Kinda simple chapters, video help might be needed in Immunity portion of human health and disease

Unit 9: Biotech

• Effort given won't be regretted because NTA's favorite Child
• Biotech 1 needs technical clarity so full length lectures can be watched (optional)
• Biotech 2 is again theoretical even NCERT Reading would be enough
• Must do Tissue culture topic from Strategies of Enhancement chapter because it is shifted to biotech now

Unit 10: Ecology

• Simplest chapters, one shots are enough
• Numerical data is not asked as it is so you don't need to excess load

Video Resources
One Shots:

• Everyone got their preferences but i personally liked One Shots by Vipin Sharma sir as he teaches really complex concepts in very short time
• Plant Physio and Plant Kingdom by Tarun Sir is really superb, his one shots are on sankalp bharat channel.
• zoology one shots are available on Ozone Classes while Botany one shots are on PW's Channel.
• NCERT Line by Line series is also equally good.
• Some people prefer Samapti Mam for Zoology you may do according to your preference

Full Length:

• Since most of you are getting Khazana subscriptions so you may refer any of them
• I did from Chandramauli Maurya Sir and Dr. Amit Gupta Sir (No you don't need their lectures for NEET, their notes are dope tho).
• On Youtube, you may refer to videos by NEET Kaka JEE, the clarity is superb

Question solving resources

• Topic Wise MCQs/Line by Line Questions: Personally speaking, these questions really ruined my memory because if you learnt a fact just now then of course you will easily answer it in the DPP sort of things which many people have, i believe it kind of stops your long term memory to store the info.
• Unit wise question solving is superb, but Chapterwise is also decent. There are mainly two options available, books or online resources, and i believe online resources are better because they have less errors, there are several platforms like NEETprep who work on such engines. Another perk is that you can reattempt the questions which you did wrong without any trace of pencil which you gonna use on your book.
• For those who prefer the traditional way, there are two good books ( I haven't used each and every book available, i tried like 4-5 and these two were best ones - NCERT Punch By Physics Wallah and NCERT Word to Word by NEET Kaka JEE. Punch got so many variations like match the matrix, true false, diagram based while Word to Word got zero errors and limited but quality questions.

For AR and Statement Based questions, there is no better source than PYQs because book kitni hi achi ho par number of questions badhane ke liye befaltu ke illogical questions daal deti hai. Ncert based test papers like NNTS or Akash PST/CST also got quality questions.
Honourable mention, NTA Abhyas questions: If you are looking for an extra edge, then here it is, it has moderate to difficult questions, although some are out of ncert, but rest of them really make you exam ready.
Again, these were my personal opinions, there are way more knowledgeable people on this subreddit who can help you even better, so all the criticism is accepted, do let me know that in comments i am gonna update the post then.
Thanks

I've been exploring a concept of life that contrasts starkly with our Earthly experience. On Earth, life consists of organized, low-entropy beings (like humans, animals, and plants) that rely on high-entropy chemical reactions (such as metabolism) to survive in a chaotic, high-entropy environment.
Now, imagine the opposite: high-entropy beings living in low-entropy environments. Picture these beings as ever-changing blobs of inconsistent mass, thriving in stable, structured environments like the core of a star or the orderly arrangement of crystals.

Key Points

1. Appearance:
   • High-Entropy Beings: These beings would look like amorphous, ever-shifting masses, constantly changing shape and structure. They lack the consistent, organized form of Earthly life.
   • Comparison: Think of them like clouds of gas or plasma, but with a form of consciousness and ability to interact with their environment.
2. Energy Source:
   • High-Entropy Beings: They would draw energy from low-entropy reactions. For example, they might harness the orderly fusion reactions in a star’s core or the precise vibrational energy within a crystal lattice.
   • Comparison: On Earth, it's like a plant using the sun’s energy in photosynthesis but inverted; these beings use the highly structured, low-entropy reactions around them to sustain their chaotic form.
3. Persistence and Reproduction:
   • High-Entropy Beings: These beings might persist by stabilizing transient low-entropy structures within their chaotic mass, allowing them to maintain a sort of equilibrium. They could reproduce by budding off portions of their mass that develop into new entities.
   • Comparison: Imagine a cloud that can generate smaller clouds from its mass, similar to how some simple organisms on Earth reproduce through budding or fission.

Real-World Analogy

• Earthly Life: Organized entities like humans and animals use complex, disordered chemical processes to live in a chaotic environment. For example, our bodies are highly structured, but we constantly break down and rearrange molecules through digestion and metabolism.
• High-Entropy Life: These hypothetical beings would be the reverse. They would be disorganized, shifting entities that draw on the orderly processes in their stable environments to maintain their existence.

Example Scenario

Imagine a star's core, a low-entropy environment with highly structured nuclear fusion reactions. A high-entropy being within this core might look like a swirling, ever-changing blob of plasma. It uses the precise energy from fusion reactions to stabilize parts of its chaotic structure, allowing it to persist and function. When it needs to reproduce, a section of the blob detaches, and through exposure to the same structured environment, it grows into a new high-entropy being.
What do you think of the idea of high-entropy life forms thriving in low-entropy environments? Could such beings exist in our universe, perhaps in places we haven’t considered? I'm curious about your perspectives and welcome any feedback or criticism.

Grass, belonging to the Poaceae family (also known as Gramineae), is one of the most widespread and ecologically significant plant families on Earth. This family includes a vast array of species, ranging from those that make up our lawns and pastures to the staple food crops that sustain much of the world's population, such as wheat, rice, and corn. Grasses are crucial for various reasons, encompassing their unique botanical characteristics, their ecological roles, their evolutionary history, their cultivation and uses, and the challenges they face. This comprehensive overview aims to provide an in-depth understanding of these aspects.
Grasses exhibit a distinct growth habit and structural anatomy that set them apart from other plant families. The root systems of grasses are typically fibrous, forming a dense network of roots that are excellent at stabilizing soil and accessing water and nutrients from the upper soil layers. This characteristic is especially vital in preventing soil erosion and promoting soil health.
The stems of grasses, known as culms, are generally hollow and segmented by nodes. The internodes, or the spaces between these nodes, can vary in length and are crucial for species identification. The leaves of grasses are usually slender and elongated with parallel veins. They emerge from the nodes and are sheathed around the stem. At the base of the leaf, there is often a ligule, a small membranous or hairy appendage that helps in differentiating between various grass species.
The reproductive structures of grasses are also unique. Grass flowers, or florets, are typically small and inconspicuous, grouped into spikelets. These spikelets are arranged in different types of inflorescences such as spikes, racemes, or panicles. The flowers of grasses are generally adapted for wind pollination, a characteristic that is reflected in their structure, which lacks large, colorful petals. Instead, they have specialized structures that facilitate the dispersal of pollen by the wind.
Most grasses reproduce sexually through seeds. The flowers produce pollen that is carried by the wind to fertilize other plants, resulting in seed formation. Many grasses can also reproduce vegetatively through rhizomes (underground stems) or stolons (above-ground runners). This method of asexual reproduction allows grasses to spread and colonize large areas efficiently, contributing to their dominance in many ecosystems.
Grasses play an indispensable role in soil conservation. Their dense root systems are incredibly effective at binding the soil, reducing the risk of erosion caused by wind and water. This is particularly important in regions prone to desertification or where the soil has been exposed due to deforestation or agricultural activities. By stabilizing the soil, grasses help maintain soil health and prevent the loss of fertile topsoil.
In terms of climate regulation, grasslands serve as significant carbon sinks. Through the process of photosynthesis, grasses absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store it in their biomass and soil. This carbon sequestration process helps mitigate the effects of climate change by reducing the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. Additionally, grasslands influence local and regional climates by affecting evapotranspiration rates, which is the combined process of evaporation from the soil and transpiration from plants.
Grasslands support a remarkable diversity of life, providing habitat and food for numerous animal species, including insects, birds, and mammals. The structure of grassland ecosystems supports a variety of plant species, creating a complex web of interactions and dependencies. This biodiversity is crucial for the resilience of these ecosystems, enabling them to withstand and recover from environmental changes and disturbances.
Grasses also play a vital role in the water cycle. They help in the infiltration of rainwater into the soil, reducing runoff and promoting groundwater recharge. By slowing down water movement, grasses help prevent flooding and maintain the moisture levels in the soil, which is essential for the health of the ecosystem and for agricultural productivity.
The evolutionary history of grasses is relatively recent compared to other plant families. Grasses evolved around 66 million years ago during the late Cretaceous period. Their rise to dominance is closely linked to the cooling and drying of the Earth's climate, which favored the spread of grasslands over forests. The diversification of grasses has been driven by their ability to adapt to a wide range of environments, from tropical savannas and temperate prairies to arid steppes and alpine meadows.
In agriculture, grasses are indispensable. They include some of the world's most important food crops, such as wheat, rice, maize (corn), barley, and oats. These cereal grains provide a significant portion of the global caloric intake and are fundamental to the diets of billions of people. The cultivation of these crops has shaped human civilization and continues to be a cornerstone of global food security.
Many grass species are also cultivated as forage for livestock. Species like alfalfa, ryegrass, and clover are commonly grown for grazing, hay, and silage. These forage grasses are essential for the livestock industry, providing the necessary nutrition for animals and supporting dairy and meat production.
Beyond food and forage, grasses are being explored as sources of bioenergy. Species like switchgrass and miscanthus are considered promising candidates for biofuel production due to their high biomass yield. These grasses can be converted into biofuels, providing a renewable energy source that can help reduce our reliance on fossil fuels.
In landscaping, grasses are widely used for creating lawns, parks, golf courses, and sports fields. Turf grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass, Bermuda grass, and fescue are selected for their durability, aesthetic appeal, and ability to withstand foot traffic and mowing. These grasses play a significant role in urban and suburban environments, contributing to the aesthetic and recreational value of these areas.
Grasses are also used in erosion control and land rehabilitation. They are often planted to stabilize soil and restore degraded lands. For example, vetiver grass is used for its deep root system, which can prevent landslides and rehabilitate mining sites and other disturbed areas. By stabilizing the soil and improving its structure, grasses help restore the ecological balance and promote the recovery of degraded landscapes.
Despite their many benefits, grasses face several challenges. Some grass species can become invasive, outcompeting native species and disrupting local ecosystems. For instance, kudzu and cogongrass have spread aggressively in some regions, requiring significant management efforts to control their growth and prevent ecological damage.
Grasses are also susceptible to pests and diseases. Fungal diseases like rusts and smuts, as well as pests such as armyworms and grasshoppers, can cause significant damage to grass crops and turf. Effective pest and disease management strategies are essential to protect these valuable resources.
Climate change poses additional challenges for grassland ecosystems and agricultural practices. Shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns can affect the growth and distribution of grass species, impacting food security and ecosystem stability. Droughts, floods, and other extreme weather events can stress grasslands, reducing their productivity and resilience.
Adopting sustainable management practices is crucial for maintaining healthy grasslands and ensuring the long-term viability of grass-based agriculture. Practices such as rotational grazing, integrated pest management, conservation tillage, and the use of drought-resistant grass varieties can help mitigate the impacts of environmental stressors and promote the sustainability of grasslands.
Grasses are an indispensable component of Earth's ecosystems and human agriculture. Their diverse roles range from stabilizing soils and sequestering carbon to providing food and forage. Understanding the complexities of grass biology, ecology, and management is essential for harnessing their benefits while addressing the challenges they face in a changing world. By promoting sustainable practices and responsible stewardship, we can ensure that grasslands continue to thrive and support both natural ecosystems and human livelihoods.

Does anyone remember what they placed for the question on the diagram with 3 springs asking for a change in energy with distances of 0.4? Does anyone also remember what they put for the question on the sinsodiual graph asking which time was the direction of velocity and acceleration of the object in the same direction?

Well, UGEE results have been declared today (where's the guy who said it will be declared on monday tho). Just woke up, checked the result, have cleared reap cutoff but missed supr by 1 mark. Damn it hurts. Prolly gonna join some comedk college.
Anyways, coming back to title, few days ago I compiled a few UGEE interview questions, so thought of sharing them here for those who cleared UGEE (congo for clearing it, hope you clear the interview too).
#1
My friend had the opportunity to appear for the Dual Degree Programs interview. She shared her entire experience with me. Once the document verification was done, the candidates were divided into seven groups. 20 minutes before the interview, she was given a sheet with 3 questions one each from Physics, Linguistics, and Mathematics.

1. (a) Since Newton’s First Law of Motion can be derived from the second law of Motion, what do you think is the relevance of the first law? Did Newton give us three laws when two would have been adequate?

(b) A similar Mechanics question which I don’t remember.

1. A Linguistics Question of Medium Difficulty
2. You are given an equilateral triangle of side length ‘a. Disprove or Prove: Among any five points inside the triangle, there always exists a pair at a distance not greater than a/2.

The candidates were not asked to write the answers but just ponder on the questions for 20 minutes. Soon she was ushered into the interview room where she was welcomed by several warm panelists that asked questions like

• Why IIIT and Why Research?
• Tell us about your family and school education.
• Do you like linguistics?, to which she said that she loved Tamil. He asked further, Do you find the present web applications in Tamil efficient?
• Which field in Computer Science do you like the most?
• Do you have any experience working with Cryptography?
• Where do you see yourself in ten years?

Out of the 3 questions handed in earlier, she was able to solve the Lingo question and even managed to write some satisfactory reasons for the Physics questions but failed to solve the Mathematics question. They further asked questions related to Friction, Work, and Energy. They did not ask the linguistic one and moved on to the mathematical question. They asked her to solve it with their help.
She told them about her extracurricular achievements and they seemed to be impressed. One of the professors ended the interview by saying that if she got selected, she should come with her extracurricular file then. The entire interview lasted for 50 minutes and she considers it to be one of the most memorable interviews.
#2
Eg: suppose you're stranded on an island and you know that the nearest landmass is n distance away. What is the shortest method to reach that. And other pcm questions with most of them relying on logical reasoning. The interview should be 2 way, i.e. only you shouldn't be the one talking and nor should the interviewer be the only one talking. If you get stuck on any question ask them for time to think or ask them for suggestions. Some questions won't have any answer and they're only looking for how you think and whether you're teachable or not, not whether you get the right answer
#3
The interview questions can be based on some concepts in math and physics, or they can be completely logic based (strategizing, puzzle solving, etc). They want to know how well you understand the questions, how you break it down into simpler problems and how you think through it...they are not as interested in the actual answer. We are not supposed to share the exact interview questions so please don't ask/DM me about that lol. All I can tell is that I was asked two questions, first one was based on 3D geometry and the second one was purely logic based, basically I was given an emergency situation and was asked to create a strategy to get people out of the situation; not going into the details.
In general, you don't need to "prepare" anything specially for the UGEE interview. They just want to evaluate you based on critical thinking and research aptitude. The REAP paper is designed for the same purpose.
You can recollect your past accomplishments and formulate them with you hobbies so that you can present them well in front of the interviewers. Don't get mushy, don't exaggerate anything but at the same time, don't hesitate to share any hobby or achivement however unrelated it might be. They are not judging you only by your PCM grades, rather they want to evaluate you broadly as a person, someone having the research aptitude and interest. The institute is most ambitious about their dual degree course
#4
Question 1
It was based on a truncated polyhedron, the first part asked the shape we would get if we cut a cuboid along the opposite vertical edges. There were three more parts, obviously tougher than this, but he skipped them and went to the second question, maybe because of lack of time. I don't remember them.
Question 2
“An astronaut in space wakes up after years, not feeling weightlessness. Give possible arguments.” Well, the language was not the same, but similar.
#5
https://www.quora.com/How-are-the-interview-questions-for-IIIT-Hyderabad-for-the-UGEE-How-should-I-prepare-for-them-And-what-are-the-chances-of-clearing-the-interview/answeNaren-Akash-R-J
#6
Q: There are 10 stones lined up & you are standing at the first stone. You can move only forwards by 2 ways: (a) moving 1 place ahead ; (b) moving 2 places ahead by skipping a stone. How many possible ways can you reach the 10th stone?
A: I made around 5 cases wherein there would be 0/1/2/3/4 double-jumps (with the rest being single-jumps). And partially calculated it using PnC, until one prof asked me to explain my thinking and approach towards the qs. I think I explained it well (with a diagram for the cases) and we had a brief discussion abt it for a min or so. (He said I don’t need to fully calculate it)
Now, we moved to a physics question**, a very basic qs to test your thinking:**
Q: A balloon is filled with air(with a light rope) and placed in the centre of a closed room, what will happen to it?
A: It will fall down because of the weight of the rubber and of the rope.
Q: Right, let’s say that the rubber & the rope have negligible mass, what would happen now?
A: It would remain stationary in the room.
Q: Okay now if i fill helium to this, what will happen?
A: It will either move upwards or downwards depending on the resultant of the weight of the rubber+rope & the buoyant force.
Q: Now let’s say that the helium balloon is tied to a very long and heavy rope, what will happen to it?
A: It will not move upwards, but stay stationary due to the tension in the rope.
Q: Okay, so now I give you a scissor, with the same apparatus as prev qs, how will you make sure that the balloon doesn’t fly up to the ceiling.
A: Sir I’ll keep shortening the rope from bottom to top in order to reach equilibrium (I should’ve worded it better that day lol)
Q: But if you cut it too short, won’t it fly up permanently?
A: Yes sir, absolutely, it will. So what I’ll do is I’ll cut it long initially, and keep cutting it until the weight of the rope is equal to the buoyant force on the balloon. And more the net force, faster the balloon would go in the upward direction, so I can judge the equilibrium point becoming closer as the balloon starts moving up slower & slower.
Q: Okay but how will you make sure that the balloon is stationary and not moving here-and-there?
A: Sir I will bring the balloon-rope system in equilibrium, to the centre of the closed room, and hold it stationary for a while so that there’s no constant velocity on it. This will make sure it’s stationary because there’s no other external force on it.
Q: Very good Sarthak. So, let’s move to one last qs, say I filled a balloon with air like the very first qs, in the morning, and left it like that till the evening. What do you think will happen? — just briefly think and answer, we just want to know your approach & thinking.
A: Umm sir, we’re assuming the balloon to be air-tight right?— Like no air can escape from the bottom hole (at where the string is attached)?
Another Prof: Ahh I like your thinking here, good. Nice.
#7
They asked me about my hobbies and interest and why i am interested in research ? Why I want to join IIIT Hyderabad? All at once
I answered them that my hobby is watching youtube videos, I am interested in volunteering and working with Ngo's and I am also interested in opening up electronic items and trying to repair it.Then why research? - I answered them that I want to become a scientist and research allows me to think out of the box and -------xyzabc---------.
Then comes the technical part.
Que1.The asked me what is arithmetic mean of (x1,x2,x3,x4……..xn)
Que2.Then they asked me their geometric mean
Que3.Then they asked me the relation between 2 que and arithmetic mean of (logx1,logx2,….logxn)
Que4.They asked me about the class 9 que that when a load carries in railway station carry a load is their work is zero and if yes why do they get tired?
Then they kept asking question around this only is air resistance is zero no friction etc …
#8
3 questions - one from matrices and binary numbers, one from thermochemistry and thermal physics, and one from linguistics .
I was given roughly about 15 min to solve the questions. I solved the 1st two questions quite easily as they were simple ( also note that the first question of matrices and binary numbers was also error prone and very loosely defined I considered it to be wrong and so also discussed this with the pannel “All of them gave me a smile”.)
After trivia on the matrices problem and the linguistics problem the professors started asking me independent question which were very elementary questions from the fields of linguistics. They also asked me to represent certain decimals and and certain numbers in binary format as an exercise.
Then they asked for my board's percentage and my mains percentile and why I opted for 5 year programme. For the all the questions I was honest and especially for the last I told them it didn't matter to me if it was 5yr or 4yr .
My suggestion to you guys:
The interviewer are not there to know the right answer, rather they are there to analyze how you are able to think about the solution to see whether or not you fit for being a part of research institution. If you don't know answer to something, ask them for hints but don't get stuck anywhere and don't fear much, just be clear with your basics, no need to go on to deep learn the subject. Know a little about the branch that you wanna opt for. If you have an extra curricular, do tell them. Don't oversell anything, just be true to yourself and it will be a cakewalk. Also they will definitely ask for your hobby, do keep a few of them in mind and know a bit about them too. Like if you mention to them that you like reading novels, they will prolly ask which type of novels, or which is your faviourite one, tell lessons that you learnt from that novel, same goes for any other hobby. They are there to judge your personality and thinking ability. Sit down whener you are free, form a good intro for yourself including hobbies and all and try on to frame questions yourself, this way you will be prepeared for D-Day. Dont take stress during interview and try not to fumble, it will all be good

Previously, on Hell’s Kitchen…
The final 10 were given a challenge not seen in over a decade, creating their own menus in the revival of Red vs Blue Menu Night. While the blue team worked together, with a strong concept provided by Melody, the red team found themselves being led by Thomas, whether they liked it or not. However, as the chefs were returning to the kitchen to begin cooking their dishes, disaster struck, as Travis re-injured his ankle, and had to be taken to the hospital. Despite being down a man, and Grace feeling shortchanged by not getting anything on the menu, the blue team’s cohesive selection still managed to impress Ramsay and his special guests: three previous winners of Hell’s Kitchen. The red team’s menu had mixed results, which led to friction between Thomas and some of his teammates
In service, the blue team’s menu had the edge in popularity, but thanks to poor communication between Grace and Carole, the kitchen ground to a halt multiple times. Meanwhile, the red kitchen managed to push out their food in a timely manner thanks to strong teamwork on entrees. With the red team named the winners of service, it was time for the blue team to nominate two chefs to send home.
At elimination, though, everyone was in for a shock when Travis, who had been one of the early favorites, returned and announced that due to injury, he would be leaving Hell’s Kitchen for good. Ramsay still insisted on hearing from the blue team’s nominees, who were Grace, Carole and Melody after they failed to come to a consensus. But with Travis’ dream of becoming the next head chef at Gordon Ramsay Steak in Vancouver, British Columbia already having come to a heartbreaking end, Ramsay gave everyone another chance to show him why they were the chef he was looking for, but assured them that he was not taking any more excuses from now on.
https://reddit.com/link/1ctwn9g/video/oifsieupww0d1/player
And now, the continuation of Hell’s Kitchen…
After witnessing the shocking withdrawal of Travis from the competition, no one was in a celebratory mood as Ramsay dismissed them to the dorms for the night. Carole said in her confessional that he had been the main one supporting her in the blue team, and now it felt like she was truly on her own. As the blue team returned to the dorms, a very upset Melody unleashed her frustration, saying that Travis did not deserve to go home tonight over either Carole and Grace, and they needed to cut the bullshit and start thinking and working as a team. Lauren said in her confessional that it seemed like something snapped in Melody tonight, as she was well and truly fed up with the drama, which definitely made two of them. Even so, after noticing that Melody was sitting alone and nearly in tears, Lauren went over to comfort her, as Melody admitted that she hated to have to talk that way to her teammates, but she was sick and tired of the drama. Lauren assured her that it had to be said, and was proud of her for stepping up. Meanwhile, Grace said in her confessional that Melody seemed to be losing her composure, and would hopefully go down in flames soon.
On the red team’s side of the dorm, Faye was also feeling sadness over the way Travis had gone out, as she admitted to Michael that it reminded her too much of her own exit last season, only at least she had made the choice to walk away, while Travis never had one. Meanwhile, another chef had mixed feelings on the sudden turn of events, as Thomas said in his confessional that Travis had been a strong chef and a good person, and while losing him would cut the competition down, he would have rather seen him go out with dignity. Ramona and Everett, meanwhile, continued to stick closely together, with Ramona saying in her confessional that it felt good to have the security of the immunity pass, because she and Everett were definitely the most likely to be nominated if service went wrong, though she admitted she would feel some guilt if he went out because of it, but this was her career and future at stake. Everett said in his confessional that he couldn’t afford to worry about what might happen if he went up on the chopping block, and was just focused on trying to help the red team win.
The chefs were still trying to take in all the events of the night, but finally, tiredness overtook them, and they turned in for the night.
Challenge
The next day, the final 9 came downstairs to find Ramsy waiting for them, as well as a detailed diagram of a cow. Ramsay explained that he still had not forgotten the disaster that was Steak Night, and that was why, for this next challenge, he wanted to give both teams a chance to prove how far they had come by preparing dishes using five cuts: ribeye, top sirloin, hanger, flank, and striploin. Thomas said in his confessional that the red team had no business fucking this up, as they had several chefs who were strong on the meat station in services, while Lauren was nervous in her confessional, as she wasn’t sure about Grace or Carole. Since the blue team had one less member, one chef would have to prepare two dishes, which Lauren volunteered to do. With their instructions having been given, Ramsay told the chefs that their time started now.
The chefs rushed into their respective kitchens and quickly tried to sort out who would be responsible for which cuts of steak. In the blue kitchen, Lauren decided to take on the hanger and flank steak, while Grace took the ribeye, over Carole’s objections, and Carole was left with the striploin, while Melody took the top sirloin. Grace said in her confessional that she fought for this ribeye and she was going to carry her team to victory whether they liked it or not, while Carole said she would’ve felt much safer if anyone else were cooking the ribeye besides Grace. While Carole still seemed undecided on which direction to go with her New York Strip, at least one chef already had her dish planned out, and that was Melody, who went into detail in her confessional on how she wanted to plate her top sirloin. Meanwhile, Lauren was working hard to manage two separate cuts of meat, saying in her confessional that taking on the extra workload could either make her look really good in front of Chef Ramsay or totally blow up in her face.
In the red kitchen, Thomas was on the top sirloin, Ramona had the ribeye, Faye had hanger steak, Michael had flank steak, and Everett had striploin. Ramona said in her confessional that she had to deliver on the ribeye, as she already had the most losses of any chef here, and didn’t need to add any more to her resume with black jackets approaching. Thomas was confident that he could handle the top sirloin, as he said in his confessional that no one still here should have any issues cooking meat, and he would be disappointed in himself if he didn’t achieve perfection on this dish. Michael noticed Ramona seemed to be having some trouble with her ribeye, and tried to offer some advice, but Ramona said in her confessional that she had to do this alone, and told him she had it under control. Michael was annoyed, saying in his confessional that this was still a team effort, and it was no time to let egos get in the way. Meanwhile, Faye and Everett were seemingly in good spirits, with Everett saying in his confessional that meat was where he felt the most at home, and if he failed at this challenge, he might as well go home now, while Faye said in her confessional that it was nice to see Everett so energetic, and she hoped his dish could match that.
With the time nearly up, the chefs put the finishing touches on their dishes as Ramsay called out the final seconds and told the chefs to bring their plates to the pass. Ramsay then announced that he would be joined by a special guest judge for this competition, who was a familiar face to viewers of MasterChef: Ramsay’s former co-host on that show, Graham Elliot. The chefs were starstruck, with Melody saying in her confessional Graham was the best, and easily her favorite judge on MasterChef…after Ramsay, of course. After exchanging a warm greeting, Ramsay said it was time to get down to business, starting with the battle of the flank steak. This round would pit Lauren against Michael, with Michael saying in his confessional that this was his first time going against Lauren in a challenge, and he knew it wouldn’t be easy to take her down, given how consistently strong she had been. After tasting Lauren’s dish, both Ramsay and Elliot had high praise, saying the meat was tender and nicely cooked, although Elliot did say he might have done something different for the garnish. Lauren was second-guessing herself in her confessional, but In the end, both judges gave it four stars out of five. Michael said in his confessional that as expected, Lauren put up a good dish, but he was confident in his as well. Indeed, Michael’s flank steak was also found to be nicely cooked, and despite the somewhat simple presentation, Ramsay said this was a great start for both teams, as again, both he and Elliot each gave it a four.
With the score tied at 8, it was time for the battle of the hanger steak. Lauren stayed where she was while Faye brought her dish up to the pass. Elliot was impressed that Lauren had cooked two dishes for the challenge, although he noted that the hanger steak could’ve used a little more cooking time, which Ramsay agreed with, saying that was the one thing holding it back, and Lauren kicked herself in her confessional, as she said she should have been able to stay on top of it. Elliot only gave it a three due to the undercooked steak, though Ramsay said it still delivered enough flavor to get a four. Faye’s dish also got mixed reviews, as both chefs praised the cook of the meat, but questioned her garnish choices, with Ramsay pointing out that the presentation seemed slightly off. Elliot said she got the most important part right though, and gave it a four, to which Ramsay agreed, which put the red team ahead 16-15. In the third round, the teams’ ribeye dishes went head to head, for which Ramona and Grace stepped forward. Unfortunately for Ramona, her ribeye was badly overcooked, and Ramsay took her to task for serving something practically inedible to him and his guest. Ramona groaned in her confessional, as she couldn’t believe she had fucked up this badly. Both judges gave her a one, and Ramsay said she was lucky to get even that. Grace’s dish got mixed reviews, with Ramsay saying the presentation was shocking, while Elliot noted that the ribeye again was overcooked, though not nearly as much as Ramona’s. Ramsay said this was not what he expected from these chefs at this stage of the game, and gave Grace a one, but Elliot was more generous and gave it a two, as at least it had some flavor.
With the scores now tied at 18, it was time for the battle of the top sirloin, as Thomas and Melody brought their dishes forward. Melody’s dish earned praise for it’s stylish presentation and garnish, and after tasting the steak itself, Ramsay noted that it was cooked perfectly, and said this dish was a strong four, but Elliot went a step further and said it deserved a five, which made Melody giddy in her confessional, as she never could have imagined hearing those words before. Next was Thomas, with Elliot again noting the stunning presentation, and after tasting, he said that these two had really raised the bar today. Ramsay agreed and said it was the best pair of dishes yet, and this time, he would be giving out a five. Elliot agreed, giving Thomas a perfect score, which he took with a calm smile in his confessional, as he said Melody gave him a good run, but he never had any doubts. With the red team now back in the lead 28-27, it was time for the final round, as Everett and Carole would face off in the battle of the New York Strip. Everett went first, with Elliot saying, after a long pause…that the strip was absolutely delicious. Ramsay agreed, also praising the presentation, and said this was one of Everett’s best dishes yet in Hell’s Kitchen, as that deserved a very strong four. Elliot gave the same score, bringing the red team’s total up to an impressive 36, meaning Carole needed close to a perfect score to keep the blue team in it. Everett was absolutely fired up in his confessional, saying this was just the boost that he needed, and there was no stopping him now. Meanwhile, Carole presented her dish, which got good marks for presentation, but as Elliot sliced into the strip, he said it looked undercooked, to which Ramsay agreed, and said it was a great shame. Though it was only a formality, both Elliot and Ramsay gave the dish a two, giving the red team a 36-31 win.
Reward / Punishment
Ramsay thanked Elliot for helping him judge the challenge, and once he had left, Ramsay turned back to the chefs and congratulated the red team on winning the challenge, in particular praising the efforts of Everett and Thomas. He then said they were in for a fun reward, as he was sending all of them off for a day of paintball, followed by dinner at an exquisite LA steakhouse. Ramona was relieved in her confessional, as she knew she could have blown it for the red team with her ribeye, while Everett was ecstatic to have redeemed himself in this challenge, as he said in his confessional that he was still a beast at cooking meat. While the red team ran off to get changed, Ramsay turned his attention to the blue team and said that for today’s punishment, he had decided to put it towards a good cause by volunteering them for community service, which meant picking up trash on the side of the road. Grace moaned in her confessional, as she said that they always seemed to save the worst punishments for her. Ramsay reminded Melody that she still had that punishment pass, and offered to let her use it. Melody replied that she was never a paintball type of girl, and would rather help out the environment. Ramsay accepted her choice and told the blue team that they too would be changing…into their stunning orange uniforms.
The red team came back downstairs, and Michael joked in his confessional that it looked like Hell’s Kitchen had turned into a prison, while Faye apologetically said goodbye. While on the way to the paintball ground, the red team talked amongst themselves in the car, with Thomas saying that no one else was going home from the red team, and Michael agreed, saying they were all getting black jackets. Faye wondered aloud who their biggest competition might be from the blue team, but everyone quickly agreed that Lauren was the strongest. Ramona said in her confessional that she knew everyone was sleeping on her, but she would simply have to prove them wrong in service. Later, the chefs arrived at the paintball ground, and Faye said she hoped none of them would go easy on her just because she was a woman. Everett joked that she had nothing to worry about there, and the team ended up having an enjoyable afternoon, with Ramona and Everett trying to team up against Thomas, but he was able to shoot both of them. Michael said in his confessional that it felt great to just get outside and let loose without having to do some exhausting punishment. As evening approached, the red team were then taken to dinner, which Everett said in his confessional was some of the finest quality steak he had ever tasted, though not quite as good as the home cooking back in Oklahoma, which got some laughs from the others. Faye said that the next winner was sitting right here at this table, to which the others enthusiastically toasted, and the chefs continued to bond as a team over their meal.
While the red team were living the good life, the blue team were working in the hot sun to ensure that the environment could do the same. While the others tried to get on with their task, though, Grace’s constant complaining quickly got on all of their nerves, as Carole said in exasperation in her confessional that they were all well aware of the fact that Grace didn’t want to be here, and she didn’t need to broadcast it every five seconds. Lauren joked with Melody that she wouldn’t mind going on that paintball reward just to take a few shots at Grace, which Melody said in her confessional was tough to argue with, as even her optimistic outlook was being challenged right now by Grace’s incessant whining. Carole said in her confessional that she and Grace were definitely the most vulnerable on the team, but as long as Grace kept this up, she was making the decision easy for everyone, and as far as Carole was concerned, that was perfectly fine. Despite having their patience tested, the blue team worked through their physically exhausting community service and, for the most part, left feeling that at least some good had come of it.
Back in Hell’s Kitchen, the blue team arrived first and tried to unwind in the dorms until the red team returned later in the night. Grace quickly became annoyed with the red team talking about their reward, while Ramona said in her confessional that she didn’t mind rubbing it in her old rival’s face a bit. Lauren said in her confessional that the red team could have this one, as she was keeping her eyes on service. As the night dragged on, another topic came up, that being Travis, as everyone on the blue team aside from Grace admitted to missing him, and Lauren jokingly said even the punishments just weren’t the same now. Faye sympathized, as she said it was tough to watch a chef who had put everything on the line and pushed through an injury go out like that, even if this was a competition. Thomas agreed and said that everyone here deserved a chance to fight for their dream, as for these chefs, it was a potentially life changing opportunity, and he knew he would be devastated to lose it. Michael said in his confessional that it was no time for fucking around anymore, as they all needed to cook like it was their last night in Hell’s Kitchen.
The chefs chatted amongst themselves for a while longer before finally trying to get some sleep.
Pre-Service
The next day, the chefs went downstairs to begin prep, as Ramsay said that this was the stage in the competition where he wanted to see the best begin to shine, and warned that there would be nowhere to hide for chefs who were struggling to keep up. With that, he told the blue team that despite being a man down, he expected absolutely nothing less than a stellar performance, and told the red team not to get too comfortable with their challenge win, as they still needed to be locked in for service. With all nine chefs seemingly read to go, Ramsay allowed them to get started on prep.
In the blue kitchen, Melody and Lauren were in good spirits, though Melody admitted she still missed having Travis here, despite the fact that the blue team was all women now. Carole said in her confessional that the ladies should have no problems taking this service, as while she didn’t mind the format change, having all girls on one team was how it was done in the old days, and it would be even better if Grace was gone. Grace, meanwhile, seemed to be in a bad mood after her ribeye flopped in the challenge, as she said in her confessional that it couldn’t have been as bad as Ramsay said, as much as she respected his opinion, and refused to acknowledge Melody’s attempts to talk to her. Melody said in her confessional that nobody wanted Grace here, but the least she could do was try to reach out, as futile as it seemed. Lauren said in her confessional that in order for the blue team to win tonight, they needed Carole and Grace to step up big time, as she and Melody couldn’t do all the work here.
While the blue team was hoping for a miracle, the red team seemed loose and ready to go, with Michael saying that he had a good feeling about tonight, as there were no excuses for losing to the blue team now. Ramona said to Everett that this was their redemption night, with Everett agreeing and saying they were going to kick some culinary ass, and Faye said it was great to see both of them committed to bouncing back and leading the red team to another win. Everett replied that Grace was going home tonight for sure, which got some laughs from the others, as Michael said in his confessional that this was the one thing he was sure literally everyone else could agree on. Thomas, though, said in his confessional that everyone being this hyped up actually worried him, as he hoped they weren’t getting distracted and forgetting that they still had to earn the win. Michael encouraged him to lighten up, as they had a virtual all-star team here, but Thomas still maintained his serious demeanor, with Ramona saying in her confessional that this guy seriously needed to get a hobby.
Ramsay reminded the chefs again that he was looking for these chefs to show him why they deserved to become the head chef of Gordon Ramsay Steak, and with that, he called out to Marino and told him to open Hell’s Kitchen.
Dinner Service
Guests began to enter Hell’s Kitchen by the dozens, as it was once again the center of the culinary world for tonight, filled to the brim with celebrities and Hollywood elites. It was not long before orders began to make their way back to both kitchens.
In the blue kitchen, they were looking to Grace on appetizers and Carole on fish to give the blue team an early edge, while Lauren was on garnish and Melody was on meat. Early on, Grace managed to successfully deliver her first table of lobster tail risottos and capellini, with nicely cooked tails from Carole along with an acceptable order of scallops. Carole said in her confessional that they absolutely needed to keep this up, as both of them were effectively cooking for their lives right now. Unfortunately, communication issues cropped up again, with Grace not talking to Carole and bringing up her dishes without waiting for Carole’s scallops. Ramsay called out for the scallops, saying food was dying at the pass, and demanded to know why the fuck they couldn’t just work together as a team. Carole did eventually bring up the scallops, but they were raw, much to Ramsay’s disgust, and Grace said in her confessional that Carole just needed to get out of here as she clearly wasn’t cutting it. Despite these issues, and an overly salty risotto from Grace, the blue team did manage to finally start getting appetizers out into the dining room, with Ramsay even praising Grace’s risottos at one point, and telling her that’s what she could do if she would focus more on cooking than starting shit with her team. The blue team did eventually complete appetizers and began working on entrees.
In the red kitchen, Everett was working appetizers, while Michael was on fish, Ramona was on garnish, and Thomas and Faye were together on meat. Everett was glad to be working closely with Michael again, as he said in his confessional that they made a good team in the last service on meat. Early on, that familiarity seemed to be paying off, as Everett and Michael worked in sync with each other on the first few tickets and got their orders out in a timely fashion. Things did get bumpy, however, when Everett served mushy, overcooked capellini, and started dragging on orders, while Michael served overcooked scallops due to them getting mixed up on their times. Michael said in his confessional that they needed to get it together quickly, as they couldn’t afford to be falling behind so early in service. Meanwhile, Ramsay wanted to know where the energy was, as right now, Everett was going quiet and not responding when asked for times, and nothing was going out. Michael urged Everett to wake up and fight through it, and Everett did manage to get his next attempt at the capellini accepted. In his confessional, Everett said he was trying his best to keep it together, and admitted he had been thrown off his game, but he was far from done. With Everett’s newfound determination, the red kitchen finally had some life again, and after Ramsay praised both Michael’s scallops and Everett’s risottos, the two of them managed to get their rhythm back and serve the rest of their tables.
In the blue kitchen, they looked fo Melody to lead the way from the meat station, and thanks to strong communion between her, Lauren on garnish, and Carole on fish, they managed to get their dishes to the pass for the first table, but Carole’s turbot was undercooked, which left the entire order waiting for her, but she was able to recover quickly on her second attempt. On meat, Melody said in her confessional that it was pretty overwhelming to have to serve all of the blue team’s customers by herself for the first time, but despite dragging a bit on orders, she managed to push high quality Wellingtons and New York Strip out into the dining room consistently. Lauren, meanwhile, seemed at home driving tickets from the garnish station, and the blue team was finally starting to settle into a groove. Melody did serve a rare New York Strip, while Carole served raw turbot, but both were able to bounce back, and entrees were soon flying out to grateful diners. Melody and Lauren once again had no problems communicating and working in sync from their stations, with Lauren saying in her confessional that she and Melody could probably run the kitchen by themselves. But it was Carole who once again held up the kitchen when she inexplicably fired off halibut despite it not being on the ticket, which got her schooled by Ramsay for not paying attention to the ticket when he was standing less than five feet away. Despite this, the blue team managed to complete the rest of their entrees, and were soon ready to get started on desserts.
The red team was starting on entrees with Thomas and Faye on the meat station, and Faye said in her confessional that with meat being a station she felt comfortable in, she hoped tonight could be the night she stood out for the red team. On the first ticket, she and Thomas managed to serve beautifully cooked Wellingtons and New York Strip, along with nicely cooked turbot from Michael, but Ramona was holding the table up by dragging on garnish. Though she eventually managed to bring it up, Ramona would continue to drag on her section, frustrating her team, but especially Ramsay, as he kept calling out for times, with Ramona becoming flustered and not responding to her team. Ramona said in her confessional that the nerves were absolutely getting to her right now, and she seriously needed to bounce back. Meanwhile, Faye ran into some trouble on her Wellingtons, as she undercooked them for one table and said she would need several minutes for a refire, though she was able to recover. Thomas also had a rare mistake as he served undercooked New York Strip, and Ramsay said he didn't expect that from the executive chef. Thomas kicked himself in his confessional, saying that could not happen again, and he did manage to serve a beautiful New York Strip on his refire. However, on the next ticket, Ramona served a pot of runny mashed potatoes, and also seemed lost on what was actually going, as she couldn’t recall the ticket when Ramsay asked her. Ramsay had seen enough and took her into the pantry, asking her what the fuck she was doing, and if it was some kind of joke to her. Ramona insisted it wasn’t and said it was just nerves, but Ramsay replied that she needed to shake those nerves right now, or he would send her out the front door, immunity pass or not. Ramona said in her confessional that it was do or die, and she did manage to finally serve acceptable garnishes. Faye was still dragging on Wellingtons, which frustrated Ramsay, but finally, the red team managed to complete their remaining entrees.
Both teams finished their desserts in good time, and Ramsay told them to clear down.
Post-Mortem
Ramsay had the teams line up and started by saying that this was still not the complete performance he had been looking for. For the blue team, appetizers had been underwhelming, but they improved on entrees. For the red team, it was a decent start on apps, followed by a nightmare on entrees. However, he noted that one team in particular had a slight edge, and that was the blue team, as despite their issues, their customer comment cards gave them a satisfaction rating of 90%, to 84% from the red team. Ramsay said that the fiasco on entrees cost the red team this service, and told them to think long and hard about which two should be going up for elimination tonight. With that, he dismissed both teams to the dorms.
Back in the dorms, the red team’s deliberations were kicked off by Thomas, as he said he hoped everyone could agree that Ramona had dropped the ball tonight on garnish. The others seemed to agree, with Michael saying it was her worst performance in a while. Ramona only half-heartedly fought back, as she said she was better than this, and knew she still deserved to be here, but said if they wanted to put her up, it was their choice. In her confessional, she said she knew that immunity pass wouldn’t last forever, and it was better to get her bad service out of the way now, than during black jackets. With the first nominee having been an easy choice, the second would be more challenging, as Everett acknowledged that Michael and Thomas both had great services despite each having a mistake, and didn’t deserve to go up, which left either him or Faye. Thomas said that he felt Faye had struggled on meat, and that Ramsay rightfully had high expectations of both of them, due to his experience and her being a past chef, so he would vote for her. Michael, though, said that he had to vote for Everett, as he was just too inconsistent at this stage. Faye seemed torn but said she had to vote for Everett, even though they were friends, as he had struggled the most of the available options. Ramona was left with the deciding vote, and said in her confessional that it was impossibly difficult, as Faye had been a mentor for her here, while she had also bonded with Everett.
On the blue team’s side of the dorm, everyone was pleased to have won service and avoided having to send anyone home…well, almost everyone. Lauren admitted to Melody that it sucked having to put up with Grace for another day, while Melody tried to get her to think more positively, as if they were winning with Grace on their team, Ramsay definitely had to be taking notice. Lauren smiled and said she was definitely right about that, and the two of them continued chatting together while Carole sat off by herself and pondered her future in Hell’s Kitchen, In her confessional, she said she was damn lucky that the blue team won tonight, as she and Grace would have gone up otherwise, and that could have been it for her and her dream. Meanwhile, Grace felt that she had done well, and could have done even better without Carole getting in the way, saying in her confessional that it would be nice to get rid of dead weight, but she would settle for seeing someone from the red team go home.
Elimination Ceremony
The red team entered the dining room anxiously and lined up before Ramsay, who said that this was supposed to be the best five on the red team, but instead, it looked like two completely different teams, and while he didn’t know what the hell was going on, he was going to get to the bottom of it. With that, he asked Thomas for the red team’s first nominee and why. Thomas announced that the red team had nominated Ramona, due to her terrible performance on garnish, and being the weakest chef on the team. Ramsay asked for the second nominee and why. Thomas hesitated briefly before announcing that…the red team was nominating Everett, due to his declining performances and up and down service on appetizers. Before getting to any elimination pleas, though, Ramsay told Ramona to step forward and had her hand over the immunity pass. As she did so, Ramsay said that if not for the pass, Ramona would have gone home tonight, and urged her to take advantage of this second chance, before sending her back in line. Ramona appeared visibly shaken as she went to rejoin the red team. Ramsay said that the red team now had 30 seconds to talk amongst themselves and come up with another nominee. In the huddle, the chefs quickly determined that Faye would go up, as she had been their other consideration. As they broke the huddle, Thomas announced that Faye was the red team’s new nominee. Ramsay accepted this and told Everett and Faye to step forward.
Deliberation music
First, Ramsay asked Faye why she should stay in Hell’s Kitchen.
Faye: “My time away from Hell’s Kitchen gave me a whole new perspective on cooking, it made me realize why I’m doing this. It’s for my family, it’s for me, I can’t imagine doing anything else. That’s why I’ll never give up on myself or my team.”
Ramsay asked Faye if she thought she was a better chef than Everett.
Faye: “...Everett is a fighter, chef, and a good teammate, but yes, I do believe I’m stronger than him in terms of consistency and leadership.”
Ramsay moved on to Everett, asking him why he should stay in Hell’s Kitchen.
Everett: “This competition is a marathon, chef. I’ve had my ups and downs, I’ve had my stumbles, but I feel like I’m just on the cusp of hittin’ my stride.”
Ramsay said he had been waiting and waiting for Everett to emerge, and it seemed like he was trending downwards.
Everett: “I’ve had a slump, chef, I ain’t gonna deny that. But I’m fightin’ through it. I know I can be your next head chef.”
Ramsay asked Everett if he thought he was a stronger chef than Faye.
Everett: “Chef…”
Dramatic music
Ramsay waited on Everett’s answer, and after a tense moment, he finally spoke…
Everett: “Chef…at this time, no, I can’t say that I am.”
Faye glanced over at Everett in shock, as did everyone else from the red team, and even some of the blue team.
Ramsay: “I appreciate the honesty. Please, give me your jacket, your time is done in Hell’s Kitchen.”
Elimination music
Everett handed over his jacket and shook Ramsay’s hand.
Everett: “Thank you so much for this opportunity, chef.”
Ramsay: “Let me tell you something, young man, you have so much passion and fightback within you, I’ve seen it throughout this competition. Unfortunately, I didn’t see enough of it in service, or just now, but I hope you can find it again, because you are bloody talented. I wish you all the best.”
Everett thanked Ramsay again and waved goodbye to his team as he exited Hell’s Kitchen.
Everett’s comment
“Oh man…when I first entered Hell’s Kitchen, I never thought I’d be walkin’ out the door like this. I thought I was headed straight for the top, no problem. Each day was like this crazy mixture of anxiety, thrills, and drama. I fought, and I fought, and I fought for my place, until, I guess I just couldn’t fight no more. I’ll always have good memories of my time here, but I sure as hell wouldn’t do it again! (laughs)

With Everett’s elimination, Ramsay told Faye to get back in line, and addressed the chefs collectively as the final 8, saying that tonight should be a reminder to each of these chefs that a downward spiral at this point was unacceptable, as things were not going to get any easier. With that, Ramsay told them all to get some rest, because tomorrow, he was going to start separating the chefs from the cooks.
As the chefs went back to the dorms, several of them had confessionals. Thomas said that Ramona was definitely a bigger liability than Everett, but hopefully losing her immunity would wake her up. Michael said that it sucked that Everett left when he was far from the worst tonight. Ramona was clearly still shaken from the experience, as she said she felt awful about Everett going home when she had a worse performance, and knew she had to bounce back tomorrow or it would all be over for her. Melody said that between Travis and Everett, watching their fellow chefs go home was just getting more and more difficult, but she knew there were still seven more between her and the grand prize. Grace said none of these chefs were on her level, and she was going to keep being herself and kicking ass in the kitchen, regardless of her team’s hate for her. Lauren said that with only four on each team, there was nowhere left to hide, and everything they had done up until now was just the warm up for the real tests that lay ahead.
​Placement
https://preview.redd.it/rpdx9533yw0d1.png?width=2447&format=png&auto=webp&s=52806b2d14807ba57be90bfa8261368e2dbea4cb

Feeling the spring slump? Keep the study momentum alive! Embrace natural light; take your books outside for a refreshing change of scenery. Break tasks into smaller, manageable chunks to avoid overwhelm. Set specific, achievable goals and celebrate each milestone. Find a study buddy for mutual motivation and accountability. Spice up your routine with diverse study methods like flashcards, diagrams, or teaching the material to someone else. Reward yourself with breaks and treats for staying focused. Remember, progress, not perfection, is the key. Embrace the season's energy and let it fuel your academic journey!
#StudyMotivation #SpringStudyTips

I've Googled and every source I come across just says "plants gather (light) energy from the sun and use it for photosynthesis." What exactly is "light energy"? Is is some sort of radiation? Is it just heat?

I held the package close, its precious contents pressed against my spine. The steady beeps that communicated life drove my exhausted legs forward. Even with the combat stimulants running rampant through my blood, my nervous system bringing fibrous polymer muscles to their brink, and a set of assisting servos practically tripling my stride speed, I was exhausted. The sun and its rays bared down on me like a predatory dragon, each ray a fang made of flame, ready to tear open my suit and scorch my skin…but not today.
“Not today!”
I picked my stride up and sent every muscle in my body past overdrive, I tore stone and sand as I sprinted farther forward and collapsed. I had finally made it to one of the only rations of shade on the desolate moon surface. As I hit the ground and retreated into the shade, I removed the pack from my shoulders and gently laid the box down. I opened the zipper that held the sunshade on and looked at the pale figure inside.
“Hello my love, I hope you’re resting well, we finally made it, now just time to wait…and you'll be better again”
I took my helmet off and took a deep breath before beginning to set up camp. I thought back to the mission room, where I was nearly denied entry to Io
“You understand the journey you’re undertaking has never been completed before? This is a mission that as of this moment has a 100% rate of failure. Do you not think it would be wiser to simply say your goodbyes and prepare for a life without her?”
I shook my head as the council stared at me with tired expressions and pained eyes
“I am three times decorated am I not?”
The head minister nodded and shuffled her papers, reading slowly from the top page
“Argon Lethius, 12 tours, 7 rotations, 153 confirmed neutralizations, 3000 pending, strength record unmatched, augmentations class S granted. You’re also the sole surviving candidate of the sky petal program”
The sky petal program, an experimental research project I had taken part in to pay for my wedding. The core concept was simple: graft photovoltaic cells onto our skin and use nanotechnology to create a bio-mechanical ecosystem within the dermis.
The result was going to be humans capable of photosynthesis, making us less susceptible to nutrition based disaster. Rejection however was high in the program and when your body is trying to fight its skin, things get ugly quickly. A dormant gene I had passed on from my mother allowed my body to accept the prosthesis but at great cost, I was now essentially allergic to solar radiation. When I'm planetside I'm just fine, but if I was in an area devoid of atmosphere, the nanotech would go overkill, usually producing energy akin to solar flares from my skin.
“Mr. Lethius, your feats and skills are unmatched, your circumstances are impossible to reproduce and the dedication you’ve shown to this coalition has been unwavering. Which is why we sympathize with your loss, and grieve with you. Crystal was-”
I snapped at her
“Is…she’s still alive”
The minister nodded and corrected herself
“I'm sorry, Crystal is an incredible addition to this council, and we are deeply sorry both internally and externally. But the dragons of Io have no official record, and the sunlight alone could overcharge you in a day, leaving not only our best military asset but also his sick wife stranded without hope of rescue”
I nodded and spoke solemnly
“3 days supply, and a ship to drop me off, if I don't respond in 4 days, come get my body and bury her where we fall. She loves it there. Even if I can't save her, I want her to rest somewhere she would be happy”
I snapped back to the present and finished setting up camp. Unpacking our supplies and connecting a set of solar panels to her cryo-chamber. I watched her take deep breaths through the ventilator as I threw a tarp overhead and began digging into the rockface.
“You’ll be ok my love, by this time tomorrow you’ll be your old self again”
I dug for hours, tearing holes in my suit and flaying the skin from my fingers. As my blood hit the white dirt and stained the cracked surface, I felt a degree of nausea rise up from my stomach. Saliva filled my dry mouth and I bit down on my tongue to prevent the vomit. Bile reached the back of my throat and I dug my fingers into the dirt, searching for the Will to resist my body’s urges. The sun couldn’t take me, my mind couldn’t shake me, I would not buckle before saving her. Before long I couldn't go on, and I needed to rest.
I swallowed hard and sat back, laying down and looking up at the harsh sky.
“Hindsight is 20/20, we can keep trying new things but sometimes this is just how things work out, I’m sorry”
I nodded as the doctor left the room and she sat motionless in her gown.
“That guy didn’t know what he was talking about, there’s so many treatments, we’ll just go to another doctor”
She brushed a strand of hair out of her face and looked up at me
“I’m tired of my love, can we go home?”
I nodded without speaking and embraced her, feeling her slow and weakened heartbeat against my chest, its rhythm in sync with my own.
“Sure, We’ll go home”
That was the last time I saw her awake, she fell asleep on the car ride home…and never woke up. I was able to bring her to the hospital where they revived her, but she was comatose, most likely asleep till the cancer kills her.
“I’m sorry my love”
I looked over at her chamber before bringing my hand up to my face and staring at the mangled flesh of my palms.
“A drop of blood for a question, a thousand heartbeats for an answer”
I heard the voice in my head as if it was a thought I had formulated all on my own, but the voice was different, it didn’t belong to me nor anyone I had ever heard before.
“A single tear for a favor, an entire ocean for its completion”
I crawled to the spot where my blood had dripped into the ground, the sand was stained red but almost completely dry. I leaned over it and thought about my honeymoon, I thought about vacations and work, time together and apart, moments where she was everything. I thought about the idea of my life without her, and then it came like a flood. Tears flowed freely from my eyes and drenched the ground, the first falling square on the red stain in the sand. The liquid pooled on top and a small ribbon of crimson fluid flowed upward into the tear drop. The ribbon danced and waved in a thin line through the microscopic ocean.
“What is your question?”
The voice came from above me now, and as I slowly looked upward, a loomed overhead, blocking the sun from view, and causing my heart to skip a beat.
“What…is your question”
Before me now stood a massive beast, speaking in the voice I had heard in my mind and digging his gargantuan claws into the sand. The tip of each toe ended in a blade that was crystalline and almost translucent. Each blade too had a glowing orange stripe that when shifted, turned the sand underneath him to panes of glass. His arms were broad and powerful, covered in green scales and his maw hung open with a light blue mist emanating from his teeth. He was the dragon, the one from Io who space gods told legends about.
“I…I want to know something about my wife”
He knelt down on his two front arms and brought his eyes to my level, a kindness flowing between his seemingly infinite pupils.
“Your wife. She is a story I myself cannot seem to get over. What do you wish to know?”
I looked up at him and let out a deep breath before gesturing to her
“Can- can she be saved”
His gaze snapped to her case and he slowly moved over to where she slept
“You brought her with you, of course you did, you could never leave her behind.
I crawled over and knelt next to him, tears still flowing from my eyes.
“Please tell me, can she make it?”
He turned around and knelt next to me, putting a massive hand gently on my shoulder and speaking softly.
“My boy, She’s already made it, just not in the direction…you were hoping”
He tapped the monitor screen and it stopped showing vitals, instead displaying a digital sign in dark red letters. I read them aloud to myself.
“Subject deceased, time since last recorded activity. 37 hours 22 minutes 48-49 seconds”
He nodded and spoke calmly
“You wanted to badly for her to live, you saw her living, even when she wasn’t”
I slammed my hand on the crate and opened the lid, picking her up in my arms and putting my ear to her chest.
“Come on, come on. You’re ok, you’re ok”
I clutched her in my arms as silence arrived to my ears. I rocked her and cried into her soft silken hair. Her pale skin had lost its glimmer and I pressed my forehead against her own. I spoke through tears and a tightened throat
‘No, she cant die, I found you! I finally found you! Come on sweetheart you’re ok right? Just wake up. He's here baby we made it, please just wake up, please”
The dragon loomed over head and let out a deep breath, speaking gently, so as not to disturb the silence
“She is gone, and even I cannot save her”
I felt my skin begin flaming as I turned my head back up toward him
“Then what can you do? What can you do if you can’t bring her back to me? Why are you a legend if you cant make her breath again?!?”
He whispered softly into her ears and I felt the wind of the world around me change
“Because I can send you to her”
The planet fell silent and she disappeared along with the dragon. The camp was gone, my hand had been healed, my suit was gone and instead I wore a thin white shirt and loose cotton shorts. I was comfortable, and as I stood to my feet I felt as if my thirst had been quenched, my hunger satiated, I was…ok.
“Hello?”
I called to the emptiness, and before long a soft sullen voice spoke back.
“Hello darling”
She took my face in her hands and turned me around, holding my cheek as my whole body shook
“Hi beautiful”
I brought my hand up to her own and felt her soft warm skin against mine, I pressed my head into her hand and leapt forward, bringing her close and up into the air as I spun her around. She laughed as I gently set her down and wrapped my arms around her.
“I’m sorry you can’t stay”
I looked at her and spoke quickly
“What do you mean I can’t stay? The dragon sent me to you, he sent me to see you, so we can be together again”
She shook her head and kissed my softly, as she pulled away she put her hand on my chest
“It’s not your time hero, I’ll see you eventually, but this is goodbye for now”
I woke up on the sand, the dragon standing over me, holding her body as she began to slowly turn to dust. His tears fell on her degrading body as he handed her to me, and lowered his head.
“I'm sorry, it’s never permanent, did she tell you goodbye?”
I took a deep breath and held her in my arms before walking a few paces forward, and laying her down on the sand. I spoke calmly as tears streamed down my face.
“Yea…she did”
He nodded
“That is more than most get, was she smiling?’
I wiped my eyes and laughed
“Yea…she was”
He fluffed his wings and let the world around us grow heavy with winds
“Then your mission is complete”
I continued to cry as I looked back at him and spoke in a wavering tone
“Did you know I was a general?”
He strolled over and sat next to me, watching her particles flow away with the storm
“You were the most powerful general of all time, incapacitating but never killing, for a man with your rank one must usually commit vast atrocities but you…you never took one life”
I nodded and watched the wind whip and carry sand alongside her body
“I didn’t want to take life, I was reprimanded over and over but I always knew there was a better way, she wanted me to try, to make it so at every opportunity we could fight without ending lives…she hated senseless death…and I think I see why now”
He spoke calmly, wiping his eyes as the last of her bones turned to crystalline dust in the wind
“Her death was not senseless, in fact you'll find that when something as beautiful as her dies, it becomes impossible to make sense of it. That does not mean it happened without sense, and it does not mean her death must be for nothing. When men first meet me, they offer a drop of blood, and that is all I require for the question, but to gain my favor, they must give up a piece of themselves”
I sighed and looked up at him
“What do you need from me then?”
He gestured to where her body had sat moments ago
“You just let the biggest piece of yourself go without a fight. You have paid for more than enough trips to see her”
I nodded and spoke without waiver
“I'm not supposed to keep visiting her though, am I? She won’t be happy till we see eachother again permanently, and if I show up prematurely…she would probably be pissed. So ,I guess now I just live?”
He laid down in the sand and let out a deep groan
“I don’t think I’ve lived in quite some time, I’ve been stranded here for so long, evading capture to exist within my freedom, too afraid to face the cosmos again”
I patted his side and gripped what was essentially his ankle
“You shouldn’t be afraid, fear doesn’t do anything for men like us. Maybe we should sit a while, and see if your fear doesn’t go away”
He let out a deep breath and closed his eyes, laying down as I watched the sun rise over the horizon. My heartbeat continued, but as I watched the last of her ashes swirl through the air, I found a modicum of peace, and I thought about her.