Espin codes

• The wife and lover of Raul Castro she played the role of being a major organiser of the July the 26th movement, the name of Fidel Castro's revolutionary movement at the time. The Castro brothers were forced to relocate to Mexico and regroup are their failed initial attack on Batista's forces in 1953. On the island of Cuba itself there was another revolutionary supporter Frank Pais. She acted as a go between between Castro's forces in Mexico and Pais's forces on the island who would eventually meet. Moreover she played a role in internationalising the revolution. Before Che Guevara's iconic image of him stoically staring, her image was a major iconic image of the revolution. The image of this young, Latin American woman in her 20s in her beret and soldier's outfit captured the world's attention, especially for a 1950s audience. She also played a critical role in helping connect Fidel Castro to the international media.
• After the revolutionary war she insisted that women's rights be a integral part of the revolution's agenda as an adamant feminist. As a result the Cuban government ended up setting up the Federation of Cuban Women, which she became the president of. Reforms that she sought to bring to Cuban society included affirmative action action for women at all levels. This was largely achieved, including at the level of political leadership leading Cuba to be ranked third in terms of female participation and representation across the globe. She also helped introduce the Family Code of 1975 which outlawed discrimination against women and girls in the work force as well as in family law and introduced significant reforms in terms of expanding child care for mothers. In addition, in the aftermath of the revolution Che Guevara initiated a literacy campaign across the country. Vilma Espin insisted on female participation in the campaign and as a result Che initiated a program of affirmative action for women in the literacy brigades, particularly Afro-Cuban women. In the lead up to the CIA backed Bay of Pigs Invasion when there were airstrikes initiated on sugar mills. She played a key role in the formation of female brigades that repaired the damage, nursed the injured and provided military assistance against counter revolutionary forces.
• Vilma and Raul would end up having a daughter named Mariela Castro. Inspired by her mothers feminism she would end up pushing sex education and LGBTQ rights in Cuba by founding an organisation called the Cuban National Center for Sex Education. Because of its campaigns around destigmatisation of HIV/AIDS, its systematic sex education program as well as its coordination with the healthcare sectors, Cuba ended up seeing one of the lowest rates of HIV infection both in the Caribbean and globally. In addition she manage get the Cuban leadership, including her uncle and father to change their minds on LGBTQ issues. In the initial days of the revolutionary government there was a significant amount of homophobia with homosexuality being denounced as a "bourgieous" trait as well as being criminalised. Largely because of her and other campaigners Fidel and Raul Castro changed their minds. Fidel decriminalised homosexuality and allowed gay people to serve openly in the military in 1993 and Cuba's ministry of Culture began campaigns to educate and destigmatise the issue. Raul Castro when he took power would end up passing legislation through the Cuban National Assembly that legalised gender assigment and codified the recognition of Gender Identity and expression into law. Fidel and Raul changed their position because of Raul's daughter Mariela. And she took these positions because she was influenced by her mother Vilma's feminism.

• Wife to Che Guevara, she would play a significant role as a combatant during the Cuban Revolutionary war. She started out as a fighter and leader in the Cuban urban underground during the middle of the revolution carrying out sabotage against the Batista regime. Later on in order to connect the Guerillas and the Urban underground she journeyed to the Sierra Maestra mountains where she encountered Che Guevara's platoon.
• In 1958 she was play a key leadership role in setting up almost all of the revolutionary fronts which allowed the national leadership of the movement to have a base of operations from which they could launch their offensives against the Batista regime. She also played a major role as a go between between the national revolutionary leadership and the local municipal leaders helping to coordinate a major national strike across the country in 1958. But the main battle should be be involved is one that made her husband famous. The Battle of Santa Clara. The last battle of the Cuban revolution, Che is outnumbered 10 to 1. Che's platoon only has 340 soldiers and the Batista regime has 3900 soldiers. Che's arm is also broken. Despite this he is commanding the army and Aleida is helping organise the formations. In the midsts of the street battles and the sniper fire they were under, Che it is said made a declaration of love to her and she reciprocated with both saying if this was their last bout, they would die for each other. Against the odds, Guevara's platoon won the battle decisively, leading to Batista's regime collapsing and Castro being able to sweep across the rest of the island to Havana the capital.
• Aleida March married Che Guevara in 1959 and after that largely led a quiet life. Her memoirs about Che Guevara and her were published recently under the title Remembering Che: My Life with Che Guevara. They had several children including their daughter Aleida Guevara who is a famous medical practitioner like her father. She served in Cuba's medical international missions both in Angola and in parts of Latin America among the indigenous communities their as well as domestically running homes for both disabled children and refugee children.

• Born to Spanish Immigrants in the 1920s she grew up in poverty and as a result could only receive an education up to the 6th grade. Despite this she educated herself and learned about Cuba's national heroes such as Jose Marti who would end up being an inspiration to her. She is one of the few revolutionaries besides Fidel's brother Raul who was with Castro from the start, participating in his famous but failed attack on the Moncada Barracks. She along with her brother Abel Santamaria and her fiancee Boris Santa Coloma participated in the attack and as a result were imprisoned by the Batista regime. In prison she herself was tortured and while being tortured physically they decided to torture her psychologically to get information out of her. The guards apparently tore out one of the eyes of her brother and brought the bleeding eye to her, threatening to tear out the other. They then tore out the mangled testicle of her fiance(yes this is graphic) and also brought it to her. Her alleged response was that if they didn't confess then neither would she and she refused to bow to pressure. Both her husband and brother ended up dying
• After she escaped prison she was able to help smuggle out Castro's famous "History will Absolve Me" speech and helped found the July 26th movement. In the revolutionary war itself she participated in what was called the Mariana Grajales Platoon, a women's platoon named after the famous female icon of Cuba's War of Independence Mariana Grajales Cuello. The platoon served both as Castro's personal guard as well as force of their own. A major battle they participated in was the Battle of Cerra Pelando, which was part of the revolutionaries counteroffensive against Batista's Operation Verano. The revolutionaries were about to lose but because of Haydee Santamaria as well as her fellow female comrades such as leader Celia Sanchez and Major Tete Puebla, the women's platoon was able to hold the left flank ensuring the battle's success. This was despite facing an enemy that possessed artillery. Furthermore while the companeros(the male comrades) suffered losses the female fighters in this engagement suffered no casualties.
• After the revolutionary war she was instrumental in both the formation of the central committee of the Communist Party in Cuba as well as the formation of an institution called Casa De Las Americas. It helped promote literary fighters and social justice activists across Latin America as well as a major education institute in cultural studies for many people across the Caribbean. Unfortunately though due to the losses she witnessed during the Cuban revolutionary war she struggle with bouts of Depression and ended up ending her life in 1980.

• The wife and lover of Raul Castro she played the role of being a major organiser of the July the 26th movement, the name of Fidel Castro's revolutionary movement at the time. The Castro brothers were forced to relocate to Mexico and regroup are their failed initial attack on Batista's forces in 1953. On the island of Cuba itself there was another revolutionary supporter Frank Pais. She acted as a go between between Castro's forces in Mexico and Pais's forces on the island who would eventually meet. Moreover she played a role in internationalising the revolution. Before Che Guevara's iconic image of him stoically staring, her image was a major iconic image of the revolution. The image of this young, Latin American woman in her 20s in her beret and soldier's outfit captured the world's attention, especially for a 1950s audience. She also played a critical role in helping connect Fidel Castro to the international media.
• After the revolutionary war she insisted that women's rights be a integral part of the revolution's agenda as an adamant feminist. As a result the Cuban government ended up setting up the Federation of Cuban Women, which she became the president of. Reforms that she sought to bring to Cuban society included affirmative action action for women at all levels. This was largely achieved, including at the level of political leadership leading Cuba to be ranked third in terms of female participation and representation across the globe. She also helped introduce the Family Code of 1975 which outlawed discrimination against women and girls in the work force as well as in family law and introduced significant reforms in terms of expanding child care for mothers. In addition, in the aftermath of the revolution Che Guevara initiated a literacy campaign across the country. Vilma Espin insisted on female participation in the campaign and as a result Che initiated a program of affirmative action for women in the literacy brigades, particularly Afro-Cuban women. In the lead up to the CIA backed Bay of Pigs Invasion when there were airstrikes initiated on sugar mills
• Vilma and Raul would end up having a daughter named Mariela Castro. Inspired by her mothers feminism she would end up pushing sex education and LGBTQ rights in Cuba by founding an organisation called the Cuban National Center for Sex Education. Because of its campaigns around destigmatisation of HIV/AIDS, its systematic sex education program as well as its coordination with the healthcare sectors, Cuba ended up seeing one of the lowest rates of HIV infection both in the Caribbean and globally. In addition she manage get the Cuban leadership, including her uncle and father to change their minds on LGBTQ issues. In the initial days of the revolutionary government there was a significant amount of homophobia with homosexuality being denounced as a "bourgieous" trait as well as being criminalised. Largely because of her and other campaigners Fidel and Raul Castro changed their minds. Fidel decriminalised homosexuality and allowed gay people to serve openly in the military in 1993 and Cuba's ministry of Culture began campaigns to educate and destigmatise the issue. Raul Castro when he took power would end up passing legislation through the Cuban National Assembly that legalised gender assigment and codified the recognition of Gender Identity and expression into law. Fidel and Raul changed their position because of Raul's daughter Mariela. And she took these positions because she was influenced by her mother Vilma's feminism.

• Wife to Che Guevara, she would play a significant role as a combatant during the Cuban Revolutionary war. She started out as a fighter and leader in the Cuban urban underground during the middle of the revolution carrying out sabotage against the Batista regime. Later on in order to connect the Guerillas and the Urban underground she journeyed to the Sierra Maestra mountains where she encountered Che Guevara's platoon.
• In 1958 she was play a key leadership role in setting up almost all of the revolutionary fronts which allowed the national leadership of the movement to have a base of operations from which they could launch their offensives against the Batista regime. She also played a major role as a go between between the national revolutionary leadership and the local municipal leaders helping to coordinate a major national strike across the country in 1958. But the main battle should be be involved is one that made her husband famous. The Battle of Santa Clara. The last battle of the Cuban revolution, Che is outnumbered 10 to 1. Che's platoon only has 340 soldiers and the Batista regime has 3900 soldiers. Che's arm is also broken. Despite this he is commanding the army and Aleida is helping organise the formations. In the midsts of the street battles and the sniper fire they were under, Che it is said made a declaration of love to her and she reciprocated with both saying if this was their last bout, they would die for each other. Against the odds, Guevara's platoon won the battle decisively, leading to Batista's regime collapsing and Castro being able to sweep across the rest of the island to Havana the capital.
• Aleida March married Che Guevara in 1959 and after that largely led a quiet life. Her memoirs about Che Guevara and her were published recently under the title Remembering Che: My Life with Che Guevara. They had several children including their daughter Aleida Guevara who is a famous medical practitioner like her father. She served in Cuba's medical international missions both in Angola and in parts of Latin America among the indigenous communities their as well as domestically running homes for both disabled children and refugee children.

• Born to Spanish Immigrants in the 1920s she grew up in poverty and as a result could only receive an education up to the 6th grade. Despite this she educated herself and learned about Cuba's national heroes such as Jose Marti who would end up being an inspiration to her. She is one of the few revolutionaries besides Fidel's brother Raul who was with Castro from the start, participating in his famous but failed attack on the Moncada Barracks. She along with her brother Abel Santamaria and her fiancee Boris Santa Coloma participated in the attack and as a result were imprisoned by the Batista regime. In prison she herself was tortured and while being tortured physically they decided to torture her psychologically to get information out of her. The guards apparently tore out one of the eyes of her brother and brought the bleeding eye to her, threatening to tear out the other. They then tore out the mangled testicle of her fiance(yes this is graphic) and also brought it to her. Her alleged response was that if they didn't confess then neither would she and she refused to bow to pressure. Both her husband and brother ended up dying
• After she escaped prison she was able to help smuggle out Castro's famous "History will Absolve Me" speech and helped found the July 26th movement. In the revolutionary war itself she participated in what was called the Mariana Grajales Platoon, a women's platoon named after the famous female icon of Cuba's War of Independence Mariana Grajales Cuello. The platoon served both as Castro's personal guard as well as force of their own. A major battle they participated in was the Battle of Cerra Pelando, which was part of the revolutionaries counteroffensive against Batista's Operation Verano. The revolutionaries were about to lose but because of Haydee Santamaria as well as her fellow female comrades such as leader Celia Sanchez and Major Tete Puebla, the women's platoon was able to hold the left flank ensuring the battle's success. This was despite facing an enemy that possessed artillery. Furthermore while the companeros(the male comrades) suffered losses the female fighters in this engagement suffered no casualties.
• After the revolutionary war she was instrumental in both the formation of the central committee of the Communist Party in Cuba as well as the formation of an institution called Casa De Las Americas. It helped promote literary fighters and social justice activists across Latin America as well as a major education institute in cultural studies for many people across the Caribbean. Unfortunately though due to the losses she witnessed during the Cuban revolutionary war she struggle with bouts of Depression and ended up ending her life in 1980.

• The wife and lover of Raul Castro she played the role of being a major organiser of the July the 26th movement, the name of Fidel Castro's revolutionary movement at the time. The Castro brothers were forced to relocate to Mexico and regroup are their failed initial attack on Batista's forces in 1953. On the island of Cuba itself there was another revolutionary supporter Frank Pais. She acted as a go between between Castro's forces in Mexico and Pais's forces on the island who would eventually meet. Moreover she played a role in internationalising the revolution. Before Che Guevara's iconic image of him stoically staring, her image was a major iconic image of the revolution. The image of this young, Latin American woman in her 20s in her beret and soldier's outfit captured the world's attention, especially for a 1950s audience. She also played a critical role in helping connect Fidel Castro to the international media.
• After the revolutionary war she insisted that women's rights be a integral part of the revolution's agenda as an adamant feminist. As a result the Cuban government ended up setting up the Federation of Cuban Women, which she became the president of. Reforms that she sought to bring to Cuban society included affirmative action action for women at all levels. This was largely achieved, including at the level of political leadership leading Cuba to be ranked third in terms of female participation and representation across the globe. She also helped introduce the Family Code of 1975 which outlawed discrimination against women and girls in the work force as well as in family law and introduced significant reforms in terms of expanding child care for mothers. In addition, in the aftermath of the revolution Che Guevara initiated a literacy campaign across the country. Vilma Espin insisted on female participation in the campaign and as a result Che initiated a program of affirmative action for women in the literacy brigades, particularly Afro-Cuban women. In the lead up to the CIA backed Bay of Pigs Invasion when there were airstrikes initiated on sugar mills. She played a key role in the formation of a women's brigade which helped repair the damage, tend to the injured and provide assistance in fighting counter revolutionary forces.
• Vilma and Raul would end up having a daughter named Mariela Castro. Inspired by her mothers feminism she would end up pushing sex education and LGBTQ rights in Cuba by founding an organisation called the Cuban National Center for Sex Education. Because of its campaigns around destigmatisation of HIV/AIDS, its systematic sex education program as well as its coordination with the healthcare sectors, Cuba ended up seeing one of the lowest rates of HIV infection both in the Caribbean and globally. In addition she manage get the Cuban leadership, including her uncle and father to change their minds on LGBTQ issues. In the initial days of the revolutionary government there was a significant amount of homophobia with homosexuality being denounced as a "bourgieous" trait as well as being criminalised. Largely because of her and other campaigners Fidel and Raul Castro changed their minds. Fidel decriminalised homosexuality and allowed gay people to serve openly in the military in 1993 and Cuba's ministry of Culture began campaigns to educate and destigmatise the issue. Raul Castro when he took power would end up passing legislation through the Cuban National Assembly that legalised gender assigment and codified the recognition of Gender Identity and expression into law. Fidel and Raul changed their position because of Raul's daughter Mariela. And she took these positions because she was influenced by her mother Vilma's feminism.

• Wife to Che Guevara, she would play a significant role as a combatant during the Cuban Revolutionary war. She started out as a fighter and leader in the Cuban urban underground during the middle of the revolution carrying out sabotage against the Batista regime. Later on in order to connect the Guerillas and the Urban underground she journeyed to the Sierra Maestra mountains where she encountered Che Guevara's platoon.
• In 1958 she was play a key leadership role in setting up almost all of the revolutionary fronts which allowed the national leadership of the movement to have a base of operations from which they could launch their offensives against the Batista regime. She also played a major role as a go between between the national revolutionary leadership and the local municipal leaders helping to coordinate a major national strike across the country in 1958. But the main battle should be be involved is one that made her husband famous. The Battle of Santa Clara. The last battle of the Cuban revolution, Che is outnumbered 10 to 1. Che's platoon only has 340 soldiers and the Batista regime has 3900 soldiers. Che's arm is also broken. Despite this he is commanding the army and Aleida is helping organise the formations. In the midsts of the street battles and the sniper fire they were under, Che it is said made a declaration of love to her and she reciprocated with both saying if this was their last bout, they would die for each other. Against the odds, Guevara's platoon won the battle decisively, leading to Batista's regime collapsing and Castro being able to sweep across the rest of the island to Havana the capital.
• Aleida March married Che Guevara in 1959 and after that largely led a quiet life. Her memoirs about Che Guevara and her were published recently under the title Remembering Che: My Life with Che Guevara. They had several children including their daughter Aleida Guevara who is a famous medical practitioner like her father. She served in Cuba's medical international missions both in Angola and in parts of Latin America among the indigenous communities their as well as domestically running homes for both disabled children and refugee children.

• Born to Spanish Immigrants in the 1920s she grew up in poverty and as a result could only receive an education up to the 6th grade. Despite this she educated herself and learned about Cuba's national heroes such as Jose Marti who would end up being an inspiration to her. She is one of the few revolutionaries besides Fidel's brother Raul who was with Castro from the start, participating in his famous but failed attack on the Moncada Barracks. She along with her brother Abel Santamaria and her fiancee Boris Santa Coloma participated in the attack and as a result were imprisoned by the Batista regime. In prison she herself was tortured and while being tortured physically they decided to torture her psychologically to get information out of her. The guards apparently tore out one of the eyes of her brother and brought the bleeding eye to her, threatening to tear out the other. They then tore out the mangled testicle of her fiance(yes this is graphic) and also brought it to her. Her alleged response was that if they didn't confess then neither would she and she refused to bow to pressure. Both her husband and brother ended up dying
• After she escaped prison she was able to help smuggle out Castro's famous "History will Absolve Me" speech and helped found the July 26th movement. In the revolutionary war itself she participated in what was called the Mariana Grajales Platoon, a women's platoon named after the famous female icon of Cuba's War of Independence Mariana Grajales Cuello. The platoon served both as Castro's personal guard as well as force of their own. A major battle they participated in was the Battle of Cerra Pelando, which was part of the revolutionaries counteroffensive against Batista's Operation Verano. The revolutionaries were about to lose but because of Haydee Santamaria as well as her fellow female comrades such as leader Celia Sanchez and Major Tete Puebla, the women's platoon was able to hold the left flank ensuring the battle's success. This was despite facing an enemy that possessed artillery. Furthermore while the companeros(the male comrades) suffered losses the female fighters in this engagement suffered no casualties.
• After the revolutionary war she was instrumental in both the formation of the central committee of the Communist Party in Cuba as well as the formation of an institution called Casa De Las Americas. It helped promote literary fighters and social justice activists across Latin America as well as a major education institute in cultural studies for many people across the Caribbean. Unfortunately though due to the losses she witnessed during the Cuban revolutionary war she struggle with bouts of Depression and ended up ending her life in 1980.

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