Apa format for journal article critique

creative recording: a sub for vocal storytelling

2013.05.27 01:49 crash12345 creative recording: a sub for vocal storytelling

The Mission of this subreddit Is to create an environment where hobbyist enthusiasts the of three fields of Writing, Voice Acting, and Sound Editing can come together to create beautiful stories, plays, and unique audio experiences in a causal, contribute-as-you-go sort of way.

[link]

2009.06.16 03:34 laverabe Scholar

This subreddit is for requesting and sharing specific articles available in various databases.

[link]

2014.01.28 17:13 Cannabis Docs: Peer-reviewed Papers, Historical Documents, Position Statements, and more...

The purpose of this subreddit is to serve as an online bibliography of documents related to *Cannabis*, such as peer-reviewed academic papers (science, history, policy, etc.), technical reports (business, government), historical documents (*Cannabis* laws), position statements (politicians, faith institutions, etc.), and audiovisual recordings (congressional hearings, political debates, academic lectures, etc.).

[link]

2024.05.22 01:22 Glittering-Peach-28 please hire me

hiii! i'm 19, a student. i need to save for my collegeee because i stopped. if u have a job to recommend pls dm me!
about me: I've been a consistent honor student since elementary school. I graduated as valedictorian and competed in journalism, specifically in news writing, feature writing, copyreading, and headline writing. I was also an SSC (Special Science Curriculum) student and was in the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) strand. i can do:
academic commissions
excel (macro) and word
data entry jobs
tutoring
transcription
layout
video editing
powerpoint presentations
math problems
essay, critique paper, reflection paper, brochure
note: kung may iba po kayong ipapagawa, i'm a quick learner po and am willing to learn!

submitted by Glittering-Peach-28 to classifiedsph [link] [comments]

2024.05.22 01:22 Glittering-Peach-28 accepting academic and non-academic commissions

submitted by Glittering-Peach-28 to JobPH [link] [comments]

2024.05.22 01:21 kevors ifempty: data protection wrapper for mkfs.X tools

When you try to format some non-empty storage with mkfs.ext4, it asks for a confirmation:

> truncate -s 100m 1.img > mkfs.ext4 1.img mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) Discarding device blocks: done Creating filesystem with 25600 4k blocks and 25600 inodes Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (1024 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done > mkfs.ext4 1.img mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) 1.img contains a ext4 file system created on Wed May 22 02:13:10 2024 Proceed anyway? (y,N) n

Not all mkfs tools act like that. For example, mkfs.fat (and aliases mkfs.msdos, mkfs.vfat), mkfs.exfat, mkfs.udf, mkfs.ntfs, mkfs.minix just format everything without any checks.
My script can be used to add the non-empty check to such "dumb" tools. There is a detailed README in the repo
https://github.com/slowpeek/ifempty

submitted by kevors to bash [link] [comments]

2024.05.22 01:21 Glittering-Peach-28 accepting academic and non-academic commissions

submitted by Glittering-Peach-28 to jobsearch [link] [comments]

2024.05.22 01:20 Glittering-Peach-28 accepting academic and non-academic commissions to help with my studies

submitted by Glittering-Peach-28 to JobsPhilippines [link] [comments]

2024.05.22 01:19 Glittering-Peach-28 accepting academic and non-academic commissions for my studies

submitted by Glittering-Peach-28 to phclassifieds [link] [comments]

2024.05.22 01:19 Glittering-Peach-28 [for hire] any commissions

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2024.05.22 01:00 livia2lima Day 13 - Users and Groups

INTRO

Today you're going to set-up another user on your system. You're going to imagine that this is a help-desk person that you trust to do just a few simple tasks:

check that the system is running
check disk space with: df -h

...but you also want them to be able to reboot the system, because you believe that "turning it off and on again" resolves most problems :-)
You'll be covering a several new areas, so have fun!

YOUR TASKS TODAY

Create a new user
Create a new group
Create a new user and add to an existing group
Make a new user a sudoer

Follow this demo

ADDING A NEW USER

Choose a name for your new user - we'll use "helen" in the examples, so to add this new user:
sudo adduser helen
(Names are case-sensitive in Linux, so "Helen" would be a completely different user)
The "adduser" command works very slightly differently in each distro - if it didn't ask you for a password for your new user, then set it manually now by:
sudo passwd helen
You will now have a new entry in the simple text database of users: /etc/passwd (check it out with: less), and a group of the same name in the file: /etc/group. A hash of the password for the user is in: /etc/shadow (you can read this too if you use "sudo" - check the permissions to see how they're set. For obvious reasons it's not readable to just everyone).
If you're used to other operating systems it may be hard to believe, but these simple text files are the whole Linux user database and you could even create your users and groups by directly editing these files - although this isn’t normally recommended.
Additionally, adduser will have created a home directory, /home/helen for example, with the correct permissions.
ATTENTION! useradd is not the same as adduser. They both create a new user, but they interact very differently. Check the link in the EXTENSION section to see those differences.

ADDING A NEW GROUP

Let's say we want to all of the developers in my organization to have their own group, so they can have access to the same things.
sudo groupadd developers
On most modern Linux systems there is a group created for each user, so user "ubuntu" is a member of the group "ubuntu". But if you want, you can create a new user directly into an existing group, using the ingroup flag. So a new user fred would be created like this:
sudo adduser --ingroup developers fred

ADDING AN USER TO GROUPS

Users can also be part of more than one group, and groups can be added as required.
To see what groups you're a member of, simply type: groups
On an Ubuntu system the first user created (in your case ubuntu), should be a member of the groups: ubuntu, sudo and admin - and if you list the /valog folder you'll see your membership of the sudo group is why you can use less to read and view the contents of /valog/auth.log
The "root" user can add a user to an existing group with the command:
usermod -a -G group user
so your ubuntu user can do the same simply by prefixing the command with sudo.
Because the new user helen is not the first user created in the system, they don't have the power to run sudo - which your user has by being a member of the group sudo.
So, to check which groups helen is a member of, you can "become helen" by switching users like this:
sudo su helen
Then:
groups
If you try to do stuff only a sudo user can do, i.e. read the contents of /valog/auth.log, even using the prefix sudo won't work. Helen is not a sudo and has no permissions to perform this action.
Now type "exit" to return to your normal user, and you can add helen to this group with:
sudo usermod -a -G sudo helen
Instead of switching users again, simply run the groups helen to check. Try that with fred too and check how everything works.
See if any of your new users can sudo reboot.

CLEVER SUDO TRICKS

Your new user is just an ordinary user and so can't use sudo to run commands with elevated privileges - until we set them up. We could simply add them to a group that's pre-defined to be able to use sudo to do anything as root (like we did with helen) - but we don't want to give fred quite that same amount of power.
Use ls -l to look at the permissions for the file: /etc/sudoers This is where the magic is defined, and you'll see that it's tightly controlled, but you should be able to view it with: sudo less /etc/sudoers You want to add a new entry in there for your new user, and for this you need to run a special utility: visudo
To run this, you can temporarily "become root" by running:
sudo -i
Notice that your prompt has changed to a #
Now simply run visudo to begin editing /etc/sudoers - typically this will use nano.
All lines in /etc/sudoers beginning with "#" are optional comments. You'll want to add some lines like this:

# Allow user "fred" to run "sudo reboot" # ...and don't prompt for a password # fred ALL = NOPASSWD:/sbin/reboot

You can add these line in wherever seems reasonable. The visudo command will automatically check your syntax, and won't allow you to save if there are mistakes - because a corrupt sudoers file could lock you out of your server!
Type exit to remove your magic hat and become your normal user again - and notice that your prompt reverts to: $

TESTING

Test by logging in as your test user and typing: sudo reboot Note that you can "become" helen by:
sudo su helen
If your ssh config allows login only with public keys, you'll need to setup /home/helen/.ssh/authorized_keys - including getting the owner and permissions correct. A little challenge of your understanding of this area!

EXTENSION

If you find this all pretty familiar, then you might like to check and update your knowledge on a couple of related areas:

Restricting shell access
Linux Password & Shadow File Formats
What's the difference between 'useradd' and 'adduser'?
How to create users and groups in Linux from the command line
Learn how to use the $EDITOR environmental variable to set your default editor to vim. With this done, visudo will use vim rather than nano for editing.

RESOURCES

PREVIOUS DAY'S LESSON

Day 12 - Transferring files

Some rights reserved. Check the license terms here

submitted by livia2lima to linuxupskillchallenge [link] [comments]

2024.05.22 00:59 123999123999 Please stop spreading misinformation about HyunA's boyfriend, Yong Junhyung

[TW for mention of SA]
Making this post because lots of people are still actively spreading misinformation and lies about Hyuna's boyfriend, Junhyung, and it's harmful in many ways, because as opposed to what many people think and tell, the investigation concluded that Junhyung never shared SA videos or received SA videos, or hidden camera videos, or sex-tapes, and that he was never part of the JJY group chats.
Jong Joonyoung (JJY)'s group chats in which hidden camera videos were shared without the consent of the girls (molka) and the Burning Sun scandal are two different things, but JJY's group chat was discovered through the Burning Sun investigation (2019). If you want to learn about it, the BBC has just released a documentary on Burning Sun, JJY & the molka chatrooms are also adressed in it. (You can already note that JJY & Junhyung's names are pretty close, therefore lots of people mistaked them when the news of his relationship with Hyuna came out in January. There were enough people to clarify that and make it clear that JJY ≠ Junhyung though, but not so many know what was actually Junhyung's part and are therefore still spreading misleading information.)
When SBS's '8'O'Clock News' news first shared screenshots of messages JJY and other idols had exchanged in the chatrooms, Junhyung's message was added and edited, which made it seem like he was part of the groupchats when he wasn't.
In 2015, he was sent one video by JJY (1-1) that was not a sex-tape but a video of a girl taken in a pub in which he (JJY) was touching her (or she was touching him) (no nudity or intercourse in the video), the video was made with her consent but was not sent with her consent. This is the video he's talking about in his statement about leaving Highlight, and the video he made crude comments about. There are no other videos.
(see first line of the table: kbs court documents translation*, he is not mentioned again *original article link)
He later on received a message from JJY that was something like "I got caught sending the video", to which Junhyung replied "You got caught by her? (the girl from the video)" (that's the message that was edited by SBS that made it seem like he was part of the groupchats), and didn't report him.
I'm adding a part of a comment of another redditor that went through the case's files, as it sums up things well: "[...] The video in question was of JJY engaged in making out with a woman in a bar and that she put her hand on a "certain part of his anatomy". The police transcript went on to say that the video was taken with the woman's knowledge and consent, but she did not consent to having it shared. There was no nudity or intercourse shown in the video. I don't know if Yong Junhyung knew it was sent without the woman's consent. The transcript did not reveal what the text of the messages about the video said, however Yong Junhyung has said he feels embarrassed and ashamed about what he said in response to receiving this video. So no doubt it was something douchy, but not necessarily worse than what you would expect guys texting about such a video would be. There is no evidence in the transcripts to suggest that Yong Junhyung knew that women were being [SA'd] or that illegal videos were being made and shared. The video he received was not exactly something you could take to the police as its not illegal to make out in a bar."
He did not go to jail and wasn't sentenced, he was called in as a witness and fully cooparated with the police, left his group to atone and protect Highlight from the backlash.
Also Junhyung is NOT the guy (Choi Jong Bum) that abused and blackmailed Goo Hara back in 2018/2019. Junhyung and Hara dated for about 2 years in 2011, anyone claiming he abused her is making things up (according to official sources, Junhyung was a supportive boyfriend who helped Hara through some hard times, and the two ended things amicably and decided to remain friends).
I've seen people on Twitter, on Reddit, on Youtube, in Hyuna's comments section, call him a rapist, saying he was involved in 'non-consensual gang bangs', watched 'SA videos of young girls', is a 'sex traffickant', 'sex criminal' or that he admitted "watching SA videos", and to what we know by the investigation that was led, that is NOT TRUE.
That's for the actual facts, please do not spread misinformation and don't buy in everything you read. It's ok not to support their relationship but spreading lies or misinformation is not.
more sources: Statement from Around Us Ent. before Junhyung left HIGHLIGHT (before clarification): "Hello, this is Around Us Ent. We are writing in regards to the news of the reveal of singer Jung Joon Young’s KakaoTalk chatroom, which was reported on SBS’s ‘8 O’Clock News’ on March 11, 2019. We are aware that people are saying that Highlight member Yong Junhyung is the ‘Singer Yong’ that is shown in the contents of the conversation from the group chatroom with illegal hidden camera footage that was revealed on the news. Yong Junhyung has no connection to the filming or sharing of illegal videos. Also, Yong Junhyung has never been in a chatroom where Jung Joon Young’s illegal hidden camera videos were shared. In addition to that, we have confirmed that he has never been in any group chatroom at all with Jung Joon Young. We directly confirmed with Yong Junhyung after the news report and found out that conversation that was shared in the news was originally the content of a one-on-one conversation between Jung Joon Young and Yong Junhyung. Previously in 2016 [actually 2015 but Around Us Ent. didn't have this information at the moment, cf Junhyung's declaration coming after] when Jung Joon Young was having a hard time due to a personal matter, Yong Junhyung asked him what was happening. Jung Joon Young replied ‘I got caught taking a video and sending it [the message included symbols for laughter],” and [Yong Junhyung] asked in return, ‘You mean you were caught by the woman?’ In regards to the simulated group chatroom screenshot that was shared in the news, we plan to verify with SBS News about the authenticity. [...]" referring to the fact that in the screenshots first shared by SBS, it made it seem like he was part of the chatroom
Junhyung's declaration when leaving Highlight: "Hello, this is Yong Jun-hyung. First, I sincerely apologize to the members and all fans who have had a hard time because of me these past few days. After the SBS 8 o'clock news on the 11th, I received a call from the company to check the facts. At that time, I didn't understand the point well and only conveyed that I wasn't in [the] group chat. Therefore, the company, taking my side, officially stated that the report was not accurate, but it was based on the wrong information I provided. In the process of preparing the official statement with the company, I mentioned that the incident was in 2016 because the conversation with Jung Joon-young wasn't saved in my KakaoTalk, so I couldn't accurately check the date at that time. I apologize for adding to everyone's confusion on this as well.
Regarding the KakaoTalk content from late 2015 reported in the news, the conversation with Jung Joon-young was after we drank together the previous day. He told me about an incident (being caught sharing illegal video recording), and I replied, "You got caught by the girl?" I did not receive that video at that time, but I did receive one on a different occasion. In addition, I had inappropriate conversations regarding it. All these actions were extremely immoral, and I was foolish. I failed to recognize this as a crime and illegal behavior, and was complacent about it, and I regret not firmly stopping it.
Yesterday, I went for a reference person investigation related to this issue. I spoke truthfully about everything I knew and cooperated with the investigation. While receiving the witness interview, I saw exactly what conversations I had in the past, and I felt indescribably ashamed and [horrified/regretful].
I have never engaged in illegal acts like taking or spreading hidden camera videos. Since the end of 2016, my relationship with Jung Joon-young was just occasionally asking about each other's well-being. However, knowing about it, I thought and acted too easily and carelessly, being an onlooker to this serious issue that could've led to more victims.
I'm truly sorry for betraying the trust of the members and fans who believed in me, failing to reciprocate the love given to me. I realize the severity of this matter, and I do not want any further harm to be done to my fans and members who must have been disappointed because of me, so I will leave the group Highlight as of March 14, 2019. I will live while reflecting on myself again and again. I apologize sincerely once again."
(edited for typo/better wording)

submitted by 123999123999 to kpopthoughts [link] [comments]

2024.05.22 00:58 dscarbon333 Why don't more people seemingly know about the "alternative treatments" for various conditions per se, and the perspectives, there associated, vis. items like depression etc.?

Given that information in other posts about available information(if looking for it perhaps, per se), regarding "alternative treatments" for the situation that may be associated with the idea of "depression" and or the other nutritional augmentation/modification related items are somewhat "lesser known" than more "conventional approaches"/"main stream approaches", why are the "main stream approaches" the "main stream approaches" as per majority of physicians etc., general public etc.?
One might argue that these specific referenced items of information in question being "less well known" than more "well trumpeted" items like pharmaceutical medications, etc., amounts to somewhat of a "betrayal" arguably; and hence one might be lead to ask one's self "who is involved" in the betrayal arguably? "What are the mechanisms" via which this "betrayal" is proliferated throughout society, in general?
Well, presumably, this betrayal would involve several key actors.
-Sources of Information,
and
-Framers of Information.
A "source" of said information could essentially be argued to entail/involve organizations like the main-stream-media and/or a run-of-the-mill mainstream medical providers arguably.
Hence one might wonder perhaps, where the source of said issue vis. there associated potential entities/individuals/there associated organizations may lie, perhaps.
To suss this out, one may be "well guided" to potentially asses the sources of revenue etc., for said organizations etc., as appropriate etc.; "Follow the Money", "Qui Bono" etc.(not necessarily always true but at times may be useful "guides" perhaps)
To work from the "ground up" one may hence be "well guided" to asses, for example, the revenue sources of Main Stream Media first, as this is most ubiquitous source for "medical advice" in general perhaps;
-Pharmaceutical companies within group of largest 5 ad spenders vis. main stream media;
https://www.fiercepharma.com/marketing/hey-big-spenders-pharma-ranks-top-five-industries-for-tv-media-spending-says-report
https://www.foxbusiness.com/money/which-pharma-brand-spends-the-most-on-tv
https://www.statista.com/statistics/953104/pharma-industry-tv-ad-spend-us/
-As is somewhat obvious media companies are in general, in some regard, directly or indirectly often effectively "advertising companies", in effect;
https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2014/03/26/revenue-sources-a-heavy-dependence-on-advertising/
Further, one can not truly reasonably expect to rely on main stream media coverage alone for decent medically oriented advice unfortunately perhaps in general.
None the less, fortuitously there are run of the mill health care providers. Hopefully they wouldn't have any conflicts of interest with financial behemoths like large pharmaceutical companies right?
Well, unfortunately pharmaceutical company money is very present in both the education of the average western-medicine oriented doctor, as well as in the environment which they may operate in, in a post college etc., "setting" if one will, etc.
For example;
Pharmaceutical companies' "presence" in Canadian medical schooling;
https://www.sootoday.com/around-ontario/canada-how-big-pharma-can-impact-the-education-of-med-school-students-1634906
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3778453/
In US, etc., as well;
https://time.com/6171999/big-pharma-clinical-data-doctors/
https://www.propublica.org/article/we-found-over-700-doctors-who-were-paid-more-than-a-million-dollars-by-drug-and-medical-device-companies
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19723256/
Well, if pharmaceutical company money is potentially "creating" "conflicts of interest" within medical schools, and among run of the mill doctors, well, certainly, regulators would call them out if they did anything "inappropriate" right?
Unfortunately, there may also be potential "conflicts of interest" present within regulators potentially as well. For example, via the "revolving door", and other there associated phenomena, as well as through funding and other more direct financial conflicts of interest as well; as may be documented via the following perhaps;
https://www.science.org/content/article/hidden-conflicts-pharma-payments-fda-advisers-after-drug-approvals-spark-ethical
https://www.science.org/content/article/fda-and-nih-let-clinical-trial-sponsors-keep-results-secret-and-break-law
https://www.hawaiipublicradio.org/npr-news/npr-news/2016-09-28/a-look-at-how-the-revolving-door-spins-from-fda-to-industry
https://web.archive.org/web/20240415060010/https://www.science.org/content/article/fda-s-revolving-door-companies-often-hire-agency-staffers-who-managed-their-successful
https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/how-corporate-funding-distorts-nih-research/2018/06/22/ad0260c8-7595-11e8-9780-b1dd6a09b549_story.html
Also, within there-associated research institutes/clinics/labs etc., the desire to secure sources-of-funding may also acutely draw in the influence of pharmaceutical companies into the "scientific research" process associated with the field of "medicine" if one will in general for example;
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9302569/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19858802/
https://www.propublica.org/article/federally-funded-health-researchers-disclose-at-least-188-million-in-conflicts-of-interest-can-you-trust-their-findings
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIsMldhzxns
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1y_EkKhs5BQ
Further, within research institutions and research at Universities etc., people would only, even if unduly influenced by pharmaceutical industry or other industry finances etc., directly or indirectly, none the less behave ethically, and in an up-standing and competent way in regards to conducting their research right? They certainly wouldn't produce dubious "scientific" or otherwise "academic" oriented research perhaps right? Surely, they would be concerned with being called out, and the there-associated consequence for doing as such etc. perhaps?
Well, it turns out that quite a lot of modern "scientific research", even if "fancy" and "rigorous" in its supposed "methodologies" "verbiage" etc., is actually of "dubious" origin, and representative of something less than "integrity" and "excellence" potentially, lets just say seemingly;
A large amount of "scientific research papers" submitted to "Academic Journals", are later retracted, etc.;
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/feb/03/the-situation-has-become-appalling-fake-scientific-papers-push-research-credibility-to-crisis-point?ref=labnotes.org
Many, if not most of the scientific, etc., papers that clear the review process and are published, are later found to be un-reproducible, vis. results etc., outcomes etc., for "whatever reason", seemingly;
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-39054778
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/cancer-biology-studies-research-replication-reproducibility
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replication_crisis
Hence, from the education, to the research, to the regulation of the "medical industry" in the US, etc., one may find, arguably, objectively speaking, a relatively profoundly large presence of "pharmaceutical industry" financial influence involved in practically every stage of the; research, review of the research(if the "research" is even somewhat "legit" to begin with), govt. institution associated actions(for example; "Approval", etc.) associated with said associated "research", and one can even see said same organizations(Ph. Companies) similarly being the leading contributors to the main-stream-media associated "coverage"/"discussions" of said associated items, both directly, via advertising, and indirectly vis. implicit bias of said profit driven or funding driven main-stream media outlets etc.
Hence, arguably, the "influence"-of pharmaceutical companies' "motivations" may have a disproportionate and relatively overwhelming per se, influence upon the "medical" information that is presented-to, and made-easily available to the average member of the public in the "Western World" in general perhaps.
As an aside obviously, if one will, there are many other books, articles, research papers etc., which may somehow none the less, "make it through" this net of biases and still somehow report on it, if one will; on this, there associated variety of topics in question, which one may further perhaps research and analyze as to one's own preferences perhaps.

submitted by dscarbon333 to u/dscarbon333 [link] [comments]

2024.05.22 00:43 MixMasterG Results of the Rekordbox 6 vs. Rekordbox 7 Real-World Speed Test and Comparison to Serato and djay Pro 5 [macOS]

TL:DR
Some parts of the text was in Reddit-tables, but they got somehow lost.
This project began when someone on Reddit asked about the export speed of Rekordbox 7 compared to Rekordbox 6, prompting the entire initiative. My intention is not to "blame" or "shame" any company or its products. I approached these tests with an unbiased, open mind, taking great care to provide a level playing field for all tests conducted. This report reflects my impartial findings.
Test DateMay 16th - May 20th 2024 Report ReleaseMay 21st 2024 AuthorMixMasterG CompanyAnd The Groove Remains Production Team Websitewww.ATGR.nl
Publication of (sections) of this report is allowed, with full data source statement included.
Introduction:
Welcome to the real world Rekordbox 6/7 speed comparison test on macOS 2024.
When I began these tests, my initial goal was to quickly compare the speed difference between Rekordbox 6 and Rekordbox 7 on an Apple ARM computer for tasks that are notoriously slow, such as opening, exporting to USB, and analysis. I used my personal, extensive track collection for these tests. Due to unexpected results, I expanded the test to include several other macOS computers. As a reference, I decided to include Algoriddim djay Pro 5, the most optimized DJ software for macOS, and Serato, the second most popular DJ software on macOS.
Mandatory Rekordbox 7 analysis when exporting to USB
When I initiated the tests, the measured export times from Rekordbox 7 to USB were unreasonably long. Similar reports poured in from users of my applications in various settings. Identifying the cause of this sluggishness swiftly became my top priority. It turned out that Rekordbox 7's export process necessitated the analysis of tracks by RB7, even if those tracks were already fully analyzed in Rekordbox 6.8.5. When an artist updates from Rekordbox 6 to Rekordbox 7, RB7 silently analyzes the tracks before exporting, leading to excessively prolonged export times. Fortunately, RB7 analysis is a one-time requirement per track and can be manually initiated at times that its more convenient then minutes before a gig. I issued this short YouTube video to make users aware: Slow USB export from Rekordbox 7? This is why and how to fix!
I gave the full explanation and interpretation of the test results, together with performance tips in my weekly Ask Me Anything live stream for DJs, the video can be watched back here Ask Me Anything for DJs - Results of the Rekordbox 6 Vs Rekordbox 7 real world speed-test There is a time index in the first remark under the video.
All previous AMA livestreams, are available in this YouTube playlist: Ask Me Anything conversion & collection management for DJs past streams
The Test parameters:
Main collection managerMusic (the app formerly known as iTunes, will be referred to as iTunes) Total number of tracks in collection116.747 / 1.47 Tb Audio file formatMP3 preferred - 320 Kbs / 44.1 kHz / 16bit/CBR Location of audio filesexternal SSD, Samsung T7 2Tb / formatted macOS Extended Export driveexternal SSD, Samsung T7 2Tb each test run (FAT32 and HFS) started with a fresh formatted export drive Drive's connection to computeron all test systems USB-C
The software used:
Music (=iTunes)1.2.5 RB6Rekordbox 6.8.5 RB7Rekordbox 7.0 SeratoSerato 3.1.3 djaydjay Pro 5.1.7
Computer specifications
M1 = MacMini (2020) - M1 8 cores (4 efficiency 4 performance) - GPU 8 cores - RAM 8Gb - macOS Sonoma 14.4.1
i9 = Intel MacPro - i9 9900K u/3.6Ghz 8 cores - GPU AMD RX 580 8 Gb - RAM 16Gb - macOS Monterey 12.7.5
MBP = MacBookPro 14" (2021) - M1 8 cores (2 efficiency 6 performance) - GPU 14 cores - RAM 16Gb - macOS Monterey 12.7.1 because the similarity in times for Rekordbox 7.0 on the M1 and MBP, the Rekordbox 6.8.5 tests were skipped on the MBP.
Note: for the tasks that were tested, none of the DJ softwares utilizes the GPU
Test conditions
I aimed to standardize all test conditions as much as possible, including:

Data for collection was stored on the internal drive, the audio files were stored on external storage.
Each test used the exact same external drives, connected to the computer over USB-C, using the same cables.
All collection data was identical across all systems, synchronized using Carbon Copy Cloner before the test.
All computers were freshly rebooted prior to the test, with the "open windows from previous session" option disabled.
No other applications were open besides an on-screen stopwatch.
Wi-Fi was disabled, and network cables were disconnected.
No screen capture applications were used; all video recording was done externally to avoid occupying system resources from the test.
Between the various exports in a single test run, the export drive was not formatted (so each of the 3 exports added to the previous). Only after a full export run (sync1, sync2 and sync3) on a given computer, the drive was reformatted.
The partitioning scheme used in both FAT32 and HFS (=macOS Extended journaled) was Master Boot Record.
Analysis in Rekordbox was only performed for "Phrase" to maintain the converted Mixed in Key/Traktor values. Analysis requires at least one option to be checked, all other options (BPM/Grid, key etc) were disabled.
In Serato DJ Pro analysis for BPM and Key were disabled
In Rekordbox, the Sync Manager was enabled to synchronize all playlists from iTunes, ensuring the sync was up-to-date with no changes made to the iTunes collection during the test.
All test playlists originate from iTunes and were accessed through the iTunes section of the DJ software.
All (116.747) tracks from iTunes had been pre-analyzed in: Rekordbox 6, Serato, and djay Pro 5. In other words, the DJ software had a real and big collection of tracks. Since djay Pro 5 does not re-analyze already analyzed audio files, all djay analysis data was deleted from the system before running the analysis tests.
Because iTunes sync can not be disabled in djay Pro, the values used for startup without iTunes are the same values from the test run with iTunes sync enabled.

Rekordbox 7 on macOS is not multithreading when it comes to analysis, hence the spikes in the tests. On Windows Rekordbox 7 utilizes all available CPU cores. Rekordbox 6.8.5 is also multithreading.
Export to an HFS formatted USB is faster than a FAT32 formatted, especially after consecutive exports.
Disabling iTunes integration in the SyncManager can improve startup times of Rekordbox considerably. Disabling iTunes sync can cause issues with exported USBs that were originally created using the SyncManager.
Rekordbox 7 has a bug, where custom/edited BPM/Grids can be overwritten with mandatory analysis. Even when the BPM/Grid analysis is disabled!
Export to USB using the SyncManager still shows 2 progress bars, where export through right click -> export only shows 1

submitted by MixMasterG to DJs [link] [comments]

2024.05.22 00:11 Brilliant_Maddy Online Stat Math Helper for Hire Reddit Online Help for algebra trigonometry Equations inequalities Functions (domain, range, composition) Graphs graphing Trigonometric functions and identities Reddit Assignment Exam Quiz Course Class Test Homework Help Reddit do my online homework Reddit

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submitted by Brilliant_Maddy to Statisticshelpers_ [link] [comments]

2024.05.22 00:00 firezodyssey Soft tissue imaging - can't see damage

Has anyone had the issue that subluxations and injuries that aren't as severe as an actual tear or dislocation not showing up on imaging like ultra sounds and X-rays? Links to peer reviewed medical journal articles on imaging and EDS/HSD or other connective tissue disorders are welcome!
I'm thinking that baring an actual tear, our soft tissue is thin to begin with so it won't show damage unless there's an actual tear or the joint is still dislocated (not after a dislocation or sublux is put back in joint). I'm basing this on the story below and I'm open to comments about my current issue.
For the story context my mom and I have thin eye tissue. We're both finally diagnosed with hEDS

She has had retinal tears and is blind (can still read large print with her right eye), and I had surgery for a hole in my right retina.
In 2006 I went in to Emerg at a university teaching hospital with eye pain. This was almost two decades before we had an hEDS diagnosis.
The attending Opthomologist put in the contrast drops that turn corneal scratches green.
So of course my entire cornea went green. "Well I've never seen that before!" he said.
Then he tried the eye that didn't hurt. That also went completely green
Then ... the typical thing we hear as zebras "That's interesting! Can I bring in the medical students?" lol. He was really nice and actually listened to me so I said yes.

Current issue:
Most of my injuries and chronic issues are lower body and/or to my right side. Left side upper body is only recent. My left shoulder blade has subluxed twice from my spine in the past year.

The first time was from having to stand for hours when I should have been sitting at a part-time job. I put so much pressure on my cane from being incredibly dizzy that the subluxation happened. (It's a long rant of a story and I'm no longer working there.)
My awesome family doctor (PCP/GP) ordered imaging. Nothing showed up on either the X-ray (she was concerned about a hairline fracture) or the ultra sound. Yet I had hugely reduced function and was at at 7 to 9 on my pain scale most days (10 is passing out, 9 was a major car accident).
About three weeks ago I unplugged my AC and subluxed the same joint again. Think it qualifies as a 9.5 because I did pass out on the couch about 15 minutes afterwards.
I have a phone doctor's appointment next week followed by an in person the next day. I have an overdue script for a neck x-ray (yup that's unstable), so I'm thinking of getting my shoulder blade/back imaged as well.

I'm thinking that baring an actual tear, our soft tissue is thin to begin with so it won't show damage - just like my corneas don't, because that damage is everywhere. (Like a website with white text on an almost white background.)
I'm getting my first custom titanium wheelchair soon (the application is in the works). I know that to get any additions or changes in the future, including a SmartDrive power assist there must be a clinical justification. It's helpful to be either able to document injuries that can be seen on imaging or have a justification why those injuries can't be seen on imaging.
Any medical journal articles are welcome! I have a science degree with human anatomy and physiology with cadaver lab, plus work/life experience so I can read them.

submitted by firezodyssey to eds [link] [comments]

2024.05.21 23:49 Makav3lli Kieran McKenna tactics and style of play

Figured this would start a decent discussion about one of the names we’ve heard thrown about amid the recent news.
Article summary:
Kieran McKenna has made a spectacular success of his first managerial role at Ipswich Town. Appointed in December 2021 at the age of 35, the Northern Irishman might have been on the young side for a manager, but he had long been laying foundations for what he would implement at Portman Road.
Forced to retire at 22, McKenna was described by then-Tottenham coach Clive Allen as a determined and intelligent character destined to rise in coaching. McKenna studied sports science at Loughborough University and began his coaching career at Tottenham’s academy, later leading their Under-18s to an FA Youth Cup semi-final. He then spent two years with Manchester United’s Under-18s, winning the Premier League Northern Division title, and eventually assisted José Mourinho, Ole Gunnar Solskjær, and briefly Ralf Rangnick with United's senior team.
When McKenna took over at Ipswich, the club was near the League One relegation zone. Under his leadership, they only lost two of their last 17 games. In his first full season, Ipswich lost just four league games out of 46, winning promotion with 98 points. McKenna continued his success in the Championship, securing a second successive promotion ahead of teams like Leicester City, Leeds United, and Southampton.
McKenna's tactical expertise is a key factor in his success. Initially, he implemented a back three with a double pivot, later transitioning to a 4-2-3-1 formation. In the 2022/23 season, Ipswich had the most possession, most passes, and third-lowest long-ball count in the division, using a short-passing style that built through the thirds. The double pivot was crucial, adapting to support wing-backs and maintain possession.
In the final third, McKenna's team merged their formations, with the left-back advancing high and wide while the left winger moved inside. This created a temporary back three supported by the double pivot. The team's attacking play was characterized by crosses from the full-backs and dynamic movements from forwards, making Ipswich particularly threatening from cut-backs and set-pieces.
Without the ball, Ipswich employed a high-pressing strategy, with wingers pressing opposing full-backs and the team aiming to lock play on one side. The double pivot and number 10 played key roles in screening passes and applying pressure. In the Championship, Ipswich maintained high pressure while also organizing into compact blocks when needed, demonstrating McKenna's ability to adapt his tactics.

submitted by Makav3lli to chelseafc [link] [comments]

2024.05.21 23:48 Bast_OE Are Ashkenazi Jews Genetically European?

The origin of the Ashkenazi Jews, who come most recently from Europe, has largely been shrouded in mystery. But a new study suggests that at least their maternal lineage may derive largely from Europe.
Though the finding may seem intuitive, it contradicts the notion that European Jews mostly descend from people who left Israel and the Middle East around 2,000 years ago. Instead, a substantial proportion of the population originates from local Europeans who converted to Judaism, said study co-author Martin Richards, an archaeogeneticist at the University of Huddersfield in England.

https://www.livescience.com/40247-ashkenazi-jews-have-european-genes.html

The origins of Ashkenazi Jews remain highly controversial. Like Judaism, mitochondrial DNA is passed along the maternal line. Its variation in the Ashkenazim is highly distinctive, with four major and numerous minor founders. However, due to their rarity in the general population, these founders have been difficult to trace to a source. Here we show that all four major founders, ~40% of Ashkenazi mtDNA variation, have ancestry in prehistoric Europe, rather than the Near East or Caucasus. Furthermore, most of the remaining minor founders share a similar deep European ancestry. Thus the great majority of Ashkenazi maternal lineages were not brought from the Levant, as commonly supposed, nor recruited in the Caucasus, as sometimes suggested, but assimilated within Europe. These results point to a significant role for the conversion of women in the formation of Ashkenazi communities, and provide the foundation for a detailed reconstruction of Ashkenazi genealogical history.

https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms3543

submitted by Bast_OE to NoStupidQuestions [link] [comments]

2024.05.21 23:44 Bast_OE Are Ashkenazi Jews Genetically European?

The origin of the Ashkenazi Jews, who come most recently from Europe, has largely been shrouded in mystery. But a new study suggests that at least their maternal lineage may derive largely from Europe.
Though the finding may seem intuitive, it contradicts the notion that European Jews mostly descend from people who left Israel and the Middle East around 2,000 years ago. Instead, a substantial proportion of the population originates from local Europeans who converted to Judaism, said study co-author Martin Richards, an archaeogeneticist at the University of Huddersfield in England.

https://www.livescience.com/40247-ashkenazi-jews-have-european-genes.html

The origins of Ashkenazi Jews remain highly controversial. Like Judaism, mitochondrial DNA is passed along the maternal line. Its variation in the Ashkenazim is highly distinctive, with four major and numerous minor founders. However, due to their rarity in the general population, these founders have been difficult to trace to a source. Here we show that all four major founders, ~40% of Ashkenazi mtDNA variation, have ancestry in prehistoric Europe, rather than the Near East or Caucasus. Furthermore, most of the remaining minor founders share a similar deep European ancestry. Thus the great majority of Ashkenazi maternal lineages were not brought from the Levant, as commonly supposed, nor recruited in the Caucasus, as sometimes suggested, but assimilated within Europe. These results point to a significant role for the conversion of women in the formation of Ashkenazi communities, and provide the foundation for a detailed reconstruction of Ashkenazi genealogical history.

https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms3543

submitted by Bast_OE to 23andme [link] [comments]

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Absolute Values Circle Equation Domain Exponents Graphing Horizontal & Vertical Asymptotes Inequalities, Equations & Functions Inverse Functions Linear, Exponential, Logarithmic, Quadratic Equations Logarithms Maximum & Minimum Values of a Graph Number Lines One-to-One Functions Parallel & Perpendicular Lines Plotting Points & Ordered Pairs Point-Slope Form Polynomial Division Polynomials Radicals Range Rational & Irrational Expressions Rational Functions Real Roots Real Zeros Relations & Functions Slope Slope-Intercept Form Square Roots Standard Form of a Line System of Equations System of Inequalities Variables X and Y Intercepts

CALCULUS HELP:

I am well-versed in helping students do well in Calculus I, II & III, Calculus 1, 2 & 3, Business Calculus, Multivariable Calculus, Vector Calculus and I am very knowledgeable and proficient in the following calculus topics in alphabetical order:
Absolute & Local Maximum and Minimum Antiderivative Area & Volume Chain Rule Concavity Continuity Convergence Test Critical Points Curvature Curve of Rotation Curve Sketching Derivatives Divergence Test First & Second Derivative Test Fourier Series Implicit Differentiation Increasing / Decreasing Functions Infinite Series Integrals Integration by Parts Jacobian Matrix Limits L’Hopital’s Rule Maclaurin Series Mean Value Theorem Partial Derivative Product & Quotient Rule Reiman Sum Related Rates Simpson’s Rule Solid of Revolution Substitution Rule Taylor Series

Paid Help from Hiraedu: If You're struggling to handle your Online Exams, Assignments or any other coursework, get help from Hiraedu and pay after the exam. Contact details for Hiraedu is: WhatsApp: +1 (213) 594-5657 OR Call: +1 727 456 9641
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I firmly believe that I have many attributes and skills that set me apart from other tutors. Below is a list of qualities that makes me an ideal fit to help you master your coursework:

I CAN AID STUDENTS TAKING PROCTORED ASSESSMENTS:

Proficient in CollegeBoard AP Calculus AB, AP Calculus BC & AP Statistics exams.
Skilled with International Baccalaureate Math Exams: IB Maths HL & IB Maths SL
Can intentionally answer a few problems incorrectly at the student's request.
Can text solutions to the student while they are taking a proctored exam.
Upon request, can purposely obtain grades below an A (ex: B+, B, C+, C-).
I can stretch out the time to a plausible length for timed exams and assignments before submitting them.
Have reliable software that can change my IP address to match the closest major city near the student.
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I have no problem with requests to solve sample problems upfront to prove my knowledge & proficiency of the course concepts.
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I can also provide, upon request, complete detailed calculations with explanations for solutions to the problems worked on.
I am quite skilled and adept in using multiple modernized educational platforms and software, including but not limited to: Brightspace MyStatLab D2L WebAssign Canvas MyMathLab Blackboard ALEKS
Can format term papers and discussion posts in APA MLA Harvard Chicago Vancouver OSCOLA IEEE format.

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I have multiple paid subscriptions to a wide range of academic tutoring resources, including Chegg, Quizlet, CourseHero, Brainly, Grammarly, Study. com, Bartleby, Slader, Transtutors, Slideshare, StudocU, Turnitin, Academia, SymboLab, WolframAlpha, and Scribd to help guide to solve exam & homework questions that I may not immediately know.
However, I am smart enough not to blatantly plagiarize solutions online but instead write them in my own unique words, formatting, & mathematical terminology.
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MY AVAILABILITY & RELIABILITY:

Depending on my availability, I can accommodate immediate tutoring requests, 1-24 hour, and 1-30-day deadlines.
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I can also be available to tutor students for Fall 2021 Spring 2022 Summer 2022 semesters.

MY EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE OF EXPERTISE:

I am very knowledgeable and well-versed in a wide range of educational software to tutor students in including but not limited to: Acellus ALEKS APEX Learning Aplia Blackboard Brightspace Canvas Cengage CengageNow Connect ConnectMath Connexus CPM D2L Discord Edmentum Eviews Examity Excel Hawkes Learning Honorlock Khan Academy Knewton LimeSpring Lumen Maple MasteringChemistry MasteringPhysics MathXL (XL) MATLAB McGraw-Hill Microsoft Word Minitab Moodle MyAccountingLab MyEconLab MyITLab MyLab My Lab MyMathLab My Math Lab MyOpenMath MyPsychLab MySocLab MyStatLab My Stat Lab NCSS Open Source Software Pearson PERT PlatoWeb PowerPoint Prezi R Respondus Lockdown Browser with Webcam Sapling SPSS Stata StraighterLine Straighter Line WebAssign Web Assign Webex (Cisco) WebWork Wiley WileyPlus Wonderlic Zoom

SCHOOLS FROM WHICH I'VE HELPED STUDENTS IN :
As of 2021, I have tutored and helped students enrolled at the following U.S. universities community colleges county & city colleges schools for-profit institutions listed below in alphabetical order:

A - C: American Public University System (APUS) Arizona State Ashford Brigham Young Brown Broward California State (Fullerton) Capella Chamberlain (Illinois) Colorado Technical Columbia Columbia Southern Cornell
D - K: Dallas College Dartmouth DeVry Excelsior College Florida International Florida State Full Sail Georgia State Grand Canyon Harvard Houston Community College Ivy Tech Community College Kaplan Kennesaw State Kent State
L - T: Liberty Lone Star College System Kaplan Miami Dade Michigan State CUNY State University of New York (SUNY) Northern Virginia Ohio State University of Phoenix (UOP) Penn State Princeton Purdue (Davenport) San Diego State San Francisco State San Jose State Southern New Hampshire Southern Nevada Stanford St. Petersburg Strayer Texas Tech
UNIVERSITY OF: Alabama Arizona California (UC) Central Florida Chicago Cincinnati Florida Houston Illinois (Urbana-Champaign) Iowa Maryland Minnesota Michigan North Texas Pennsylvania Southern Florida Texas Toronto
U - Z: UCLA Extension Utah State Utah Valley Valencia Walden U Wake Technical Western Governors Wilmington Yale

I offer several unique payment plans, including a weekly plan, a discounted monthly plan, a discounted half-now / half-later plan, and highly discounted up-front rates.
I can accept the following payment methods for my services: PayPal Debit Cards Square Cash Credit Cards Cash App Venmo.
Only people located in North America have access to Venmo Cash App Zelle.
This is an excellent way to determine if the person you're dealing with is from the United States.
Within reason, I offer a partial or full money-Back guarantee if the student is very unsatisfied with my academic services.

TUTORING AVAILABLE FOR OTHER SUBJECTS:

For other subjects, you can reach out to me, and I can connect you with one of my tutoring partners who can provide general academic assistance for the following subjects:
Art & Design: Art History Design Film Studies
Business: Accounting (Acc) Biz Courses Business Administration (Biz Admn) Business Calculus Business Law Business Statistics Corporate Finance Economics (Econ) Finance (Fin) Financial Accounting Intermediate Accounting Intermediate Microeconomics (Micro) Macroeconomics (Macro) Management (Mgmt) Managerial Accounting Marketing MBA
Computer Science: C C++ Computer Programming (Comp) Java Python R (Introduction & Intermediate Level Only)
Humanities: Communications (Comm) English Literature Essay & Term Paper Writing, Editing, Proofreading Essays History Papers Philosophy (Phil) Religious Studies Theology (Theo)
Mathematics: A.P. Calculus AB & BC Psychology Statistics AP Statistics Bio statistics Calculus I (1) Calculus II (2) Calculus III (3) College Algebra Differential Equations Discrete Math Finite Math Functions General Math Geometry Liberal Arts Math Linear Algebra Multi-variable Calculus Partial Differential Equations Precalculus Probability Quantitative Reasoning Real Analysis Statistics Trigonometry (Trig) Vector Calculus
Science & Medicine: Anatomy & Physiology (A & P) Biochemistry Biology (Bio) Biostatistics Earth Science Environmental Science General Chemistry (Chem) Healthcare Medicine Nursing Nutrition Organic Chemistry Physics (Phys)
Social Sciences: Anthropology Economics (Econ) Geology Law & Justice Liberal Arts Liberal Studies Political Science Psychology Sociology

1) Speak with you on the phone and answer any questions you may have so that you have the opportunity to assess and analyze my tone, articulation, accent, diction, dialect, regionalisms, pitch, vocabulary, word choice, intonations, and inflections.
NOTE: I’m a New Jersey-born Irish/Italian-American, but I have been told that I speak in an erudite & articulate suburban American accent with a “professor style” voice somewhat resembling the voice of actor: Ben Stein.
2) Agree to do some homework questions of yours upfront with the work fully shown in real-time to prove my mastery of the course content.
3) Send you screenshots of at least five past scores I attained from completing exams & homework assignments for other students in the same type of class you need help with.
4) Send you full screenshots of written exam solutions I wrote up by hand for students in the past in the same course that you need help with so that you can see my neat handwriting.
5) Provide you with the contact information of students who have utilized my services in the past who would be more than willing to vouch for my skills.

I certainly wouldn’t do it for such paltry amounts of money. (i.e., anything less than $1,000 per victim.)
I certainly wouldn’t choose high school & college students as my “target audience” to scam, considering that most people without college degrees have abysmally low annual incomes. Why choose low-income victims when it would be much more profitable to target high-income, high-net-worth individuals earning at least six figures a year? I have knowledge in business consulting, and I promise you that a business owner would be a MUCH more lucrative mark than a low-income college student.
I wouldn’t choose such a time & energy-draining method of scamming people. Also, communicating back and forth with potential clients is an absurdly long time sink since only less than 10% of all potential clients who reach out to me actually become paying clients of mine. This means that 90% of my time communicating with potential clients ultimately proves to be a colossal waste of my irretrievable time & energy.
If you pay me to provide academic services and I don’t deliver, you can always dispute the payment with the payment app and easily get your money refunded. If I were in the habit of swindling money from people, then all of my payment accounts would have been investigated and be completely shut down by now. And I would have been permanently banned from opening new accounts. Therefore, the fact that all my payment apps have been fully active for years should be sufficient proof that I haven’t had people consistently disputing payments sent to me.

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Paid Help from Hiraedu: If You're struggling to handle your Online Exams, Assignments or any other coursework, get help from Hiraedu and pay after the exam. Contact details for Hiraedu is: WhatsApp: +1 (213) 594-5657 OR Call: +1 727 456 9641

I take my work as a tutor very seriously, and I always aim to do my best to help my students excel in school. I have a solid and sincere passion for academic achievement, and with my help, I am positive that I can help students obtain very high grades with minimal stress and effort.
Please feel free to contact me if you're interested in my services and would like to learn more. I'm available 24/7 via phone call, email, and text. Again, thank you for taking the time to read my Reddit tutoring ad, and I hope to hear from you soon!

My contact details:
WhatsApp: +1 (213) 594-5657
Call: +1 727 456 9641
Website: hiraedu. com
Email: [info@hiraedu](mailto:info@hiraedu). com
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submitted by ryanmark234 to nursinghelp2024 [link] [comments]

2024.05.21 23:24 PWOFalcon As Astra Volume 0, Prolog, Chapter 1, part 2

Part 1: https://www.reddit.com/HFY/comments/1cxj7h8/comment/l52vtd5/?context=3
*****

The Palatini of Orias journey took nine grueling days of traveling down the peaks of Torness Mountain Range. But at long last, they reached the Coralus Valley. While the temperature was far below what the half-elf usually enjoyed, it was far better than the mountain peaks.
They traveled through the valley, trying to avoid the multiple hostiles, villages, and anyone else who could tip off their enemies. They had to take every tedious path imaginable to prevent possible contact with the enemy.
Staring at their destination, Fraeya Holiadon could not decide if she should be thrilled or distorted at the sight. "Is this the place?"
"I believe so," Raegel said. "The pattern of the structures matches my drawings and the map. See the remains of the two walls?"
"And the stone rings that direct out," Henness said.
"So, you have read the legends," Raegel said, surprised by the centurion's knowledge of the temple.
"I always prepare before a mission," Henness said. "Those half rings, are they stone or artificial?"
"They look like stone, so I think they used the ground stone and molded them," Raegel said.
Fraeya Holiadon carefully stared at the temple ruins. All she could see was the destruction—fractured stone buildings, walls, weed-infested stone pavement, and so on. While there were still many stone structures, most were destroyed. She could only see death, not the walls her father could see.
She turned to ask her father what he was talking about but saw Centurion Fionntan Henness pointing toward the walls and other details.
Watching the two communicate about the features of the temple, she realized how out of depth she was. Her father spent generations studying ruins like this, while Henness is an experienced soldier. For Fraeya, this was her first mission outside the academy supervision, and she realized how different the world was compared to the classroom.
As the two spoke, her elf ears overheard Henness mention that he saw green webbing. As the two men debated what creatures could create that webbing, she already knew based on the type of webbing. Being an excellent student, she recalled the topic regarding intelligent monsters. While many species produce a web, only one creates a thick green. Goblins.
"Father," Fraeya said. "I think goblins made those webbings."
"How could you possibly know that?" Henness asked, unconvinced by the theory. "It would easily be Rorgo or a Kipt."
Fraeya reached into her backpack and pulled out her notepad. She flipped through the pages and responded, "Kipt is more silk-like, while Rorgo is more for capturing prey. Both are white. Only Goblins make green."
"She is correct," Raegel said. "The green should have been a given."
"Alright," Henness said. "That complicates things."
"How so?" Fraeya asked. "The academy said they are weak. Adventures and local militia kill them constantly, so your men should be able to wipe them out with your weaponry easily."
"Goblins are weak in small numbers, but they are a nightmare in large numbers," Henness said. "And depending on the horde, they adapt to who their enemies are quickly. For all I know, we could be fighting a nest that is as heavily armed as we are."
Fraeya looked back toward the next with much confusion. She knew about the goblin's ability to adapt. However, her teachers never stated how formal they could be. Only treating them as barbarians is a functional civilization. "I would think the academy would mention something like that."
"If you are going to be out here in the world, you must understand that life is very different from the classroom," Henness said. "The difference between someone who lives behind a desk versus someone on the ground. Now, I need to get my forces ready for our attack."
Once the centurion left, Fraeya looked at her father. "I am starting to get the impression that my schooling wasn't as truthful as I once thought."
Raegel chuckled at the statement from his daughter. "That is what I said when I left my academy in Thali'ean," he said with a short chuckle before he spoke. "Henness was correct; there is a large gap between the classroom and out here in the world."
"I see. So, now, what do we do?"
"We wait for the legionaries to form a plan. Because time is not on our side, he will want you to assist with your magic. Do you think you can assist? If you are uncomfortable, tell me now, and you can stay here where it is safe."
Feeling a nervous chill creeping down her spine, she looked back toward the temple and breathed heavily. "I admit, I am scared, but I didn't come here to babysit the camp. I want to help."
She felt her father pat her on the back, feeling a sense of pride from his touch.
"That's my daughter."
After an hour of planning, the Palatini of Orias began their assault on the temple ruins. The plan was for a primary team to assault the temple directly, triggering a response from the goblin. The second team would remain on the high ground and pick off the horde.
Fraeya ended up on the right side of the group team. To her surprise, many soldiers were thrilled that they were finally getting into a fight. She wondered, after two weeks of crawling over the mountains and hiding like rodents, they finally got a chance to be soldiers.
The primary assault group she was attached to advance toward the temple once the signal was given. Passing one of the few remaining wall structures, they entered the temple ground. As they swept through the old temple's front sections, the goblins huddled around a fire pit, noticed them, and prepared for battle.
Three legionaries known as circilmen, from the palatini positioned themselves to engage the incoming enemy. Carrying a ranged projectile weapon known as a circiletum, they hid behind the front shield men and fired upon the incoming enemy. They picked off two of the three goblins as the last one quickly crawled under a piece of rubble for cover. Then, the palatini heard a painful screech from the hiding goblin.
Fraeya couldn't help herself but stand there noticing the two fresh corpses. She then watched as two of the swordsmen rushed to the hiding goblin. They reached in and pulled the little green monster out of its hiding spot.
Two swordsmen grabbed the goblin and dragged it from its cover, it jumped on top of one of the legionaries, stabbing its blade into its armor, unable to break through. With a short struggle, the legionary could slam the goblin onto the ground. The other legionary stomped on the body before thrusting his gladius into the monster.
Hearing another screech, Fraeya looked down the stone path and saw goblins popping out of every crack and corner.
One of the legionary officers ordered the unit to reform. The swordsmen took the front with their large scutum shields, creating a two-line protective shield wall. Behind them were the circilmen, taking cover behind the scutum.
The group of goblins charged forward. As they approached, the legionaries saw the raw, starving rage within their dark green eyes—a thirst for primal instincts of food and lust and nothing else.
"Fraeya, is it?"
Hearing her name, she turned to the commanding offer of this group.
"When I give the order, shake the ground." The lower-ranking Centurian said.
Fraeya acknowledged the order as she understood what he was planning.
Turning back to the incoming horde, she watched the three circilmen open fire. The circiletums cut down the forward group of goblins. The ones behind that row suddenly stopped from the shock but were cut down by a second volley.
"Now. Before they scatter."
Fraeya placed her hands together and chanted. The two tiny mana crystals on her gloves blew green as she felt a raw energy channel through her body. A moment later, that glow expanded to the point that it encompassed her hand.
Channeling the mana needed for the spell, Fraeya placed her left hand on the ground.
The stone ground beneath them shook the stone terra, stunning the goblins. Right down the center, cracks formed, and the terra broke apart. The road slightly uplifted into an elevation, forcing the goblins to focus on what was happening.
With the ground disinformed, it prevented the enemy from scattering in an organized manner, allowing the circilmen to fire another volley.
The front scutum marched forward and started cutting down anything that moved. The other line split into two groups. They were marching down the street in an almost synchronized manner. They held their shields high toward the ruins, protecting the circilmen from any incoming projectile. Arrows and magic.
Fireballs flew and impacted the scutum infantry, protecting the flanks. Some of the shields glowed from the impact. The flames engulfed one of the men's arms, and he started to scream from the pain.
The circilmen returned fire, and a firefight began. The sound of their weapons crackled throughout the surrounding area, amplified by the ruined walls. Above the sound of battle were the voices and cries of the wounded—the circiletum that were deployed on the ridge above rained fire from the suppressive team.
The Palatini of Orias pushed deeper into the temple ground as the battle continued. That was until the town began to be consumed by this thick haze, providing cover for the goblins, and restricting visibility for the Lat forces. While not educated to the standards of civilized races, Goblins were not stupid.
"It is a haze," Fraeya said. "They must have a mage somewhere within the nest."
Centurion Fionntan Henness approached their forces and began to regroup. "Can you counter it?"
"No," Fraeya replied. "I never studied Aeromancy magic."
"Nebulo," Henness said. "Our armor and weapons will be less effective."
Fraeya understood his concern. From what she recalled from her classes; goblins have sharp senses. Based on the density of the haze, it was clear even to her that they were planning to force them to huddle and expose themselves to be surrounded, making their ranged weapons worthless.
"We will just have to work around it," Raegel said.
As Frayea prepared herself, she felt a strange feeling throughout her body, almost like some field affecting her body. She saw a female legionary in light armor and a cloak checking over the wounded. One of the few women in the legionary, she could tell she was the unit healer specializing in Sanamancy magic. The women must have placed a barrier to help protect against any poisonous gasses lying within the haze.
Orias advanced through the haze; this forced the soldiers to clump together for safety. As the assault group progressed, they were hit non-stop by the goblin's arrow fire, spears, and fire shots from sling guns. Most of these projectiles caused minor damage thanks to the heavy armor legionary’s wear. However, this did not remove the damage as it brought discomfort and limited their progression to a crawl.
Barely noticing two figures on top of a rooftop through the haze, who were firing slingshots toward their position, she pointed her hand toward a piece of rubble and, with her magic, lifted the debris and projected it through the haze. The rubble temporarily formed a gap in the haze that increased the line-of-sight.
She then called out to the fire battle mage within the unit. The mage realized what was happening and fired multiple firebolts toward the tower. Five bolts impacted the building from different directions, engulfing the structure in flames. Everyone could hear the faint sound of goblins screaming as the building burnt.
With the tower collapsing suddenly, arrows rained through the thick haze, hitting the legionaries in retaliation. While most arrows bounced off the armor, some found exposed spots. Two more legionaries fell to their knees, with one vomiting blood, forcing the healed to focus on the sick over protecting the group.
It became clear that the goblins changed their tactics and poisoned their arrows. While worthless against armor, they could still puncture the underneath clothing and scrap any exposed part of the skin.
A luperca legionnaire picked up an old broken wagon and used it as a shield to protect. With the cover, the lower ranking commanders directed the circilmen to pick off any goblins that peaked above the surface.
Combined with the haze and change of tactic, this formed a strange stalemate between the two sides. The Orias was forced into a defensive; they were well equipped to deal with any goblins who dared to get within melee range. However, the goblins had surrounded and had the range advance as they could see through the haze, allowing them to snipe any legionary who adventured far from the group.
Fraeya saw a blob of acid impact a swordsmen's scutum. The scutum started being consumed by the spell, slowly falling into pieces. The man screamed as he felt his arm burn, desperately untieing the strappings to ditch the heavy shield.
"We need to kill their shaman before we are picked off," Raegel said.
"I agreed," Henness replied. "As long as this haze is here, my suppressive team is useless."
"If I recall," Fraeya said. "A Shaman should be nearby. Someone close enough to maintain this haze and give commands but not put themselves in danger."
"Then I know where it should be," Henness said. "Let's go half-elf."
She felt her ears perk up once she realized the centurion was talking about her. She looked toward her father and saw the 'it is time to prove yourself' look. Taking a deep breath and preparing herself, she gathered behind Henness and six of his men.
The assault unit left the main one and adventurer deeper into the temple grounds. As they reached what remained of an intersection, goblins stormed out of the stone buildings to ambush the legionaries.
With their disciplined reaction, the legionaries immediately adjusted their formation and sliced down the attackers. Henness stood at the center, holding his sword out as flames wrapped around the blade.
As the goblins attacked the swordsmen, Fraeya broke apart the ground on the right flank, knocking many goblins. The one that fell, she entangled them by summoning vines - which trapped the goblins and pulled them into the ground until their death or burial.
She then turned and lifted parts of the ground on the left flank, blocking some of the goblins. This prevented the legionaries from being encircled.
"Reform," Henness ordered. "We need to advance quickly. Stay close."
Once the path was clear, the unit moved toward the building where the goblins had fortified. Henness moved in front of her to provide protection. He held up his shield, deflecting arrows.
"Stay behind me," Henness said.
While not being a military woman, Fraeya quickly learned to accept the chain of command on this quest. On the battlefield, her father told her to listen to Henness as he was a man of war. She realized that the structure and safety of the city and the academy are vastly different in the countryside. Getting behind him, she followed him close behind as he pushed forward, arrows striking his shield, allowing her to get in range for her spell.
The legionaries stopped engaging the incoming goblins, allowing their centurion and the young mage to get closer. Henness reached around his scutum and pressed the amulet attached to the outer shell's center. Once pressed, the large shield briefly glowed before darkening, returning to the standard red with white lining design.
Up ahead, Fraeya saw in full display of the nest. Spikes, fortification, and green webbing filled the gaps between the ruined structures. Skeletons and decomposing bodies littered the areas of their past victims. The goblins were standing in the bunker sections, preparing for battle. With how heavily guarded it was, she concluded that this must be where the Shaman was.
"Fraeya, now!"
Fraeya moved around the man to cast her spell. With a quick chant, her hands glowed green again. As she channeled her mana, an acid attack impacted Henness' scutum. While the added hardening enchantment from the amulet increased the scutum resistance, the acid slowly ate through the large shield.
Stepping from cover, Fraeya aimed her hands at the nest. The ground trembled a little as the front of the nest collapsed on itself from the summoned sinkhole.
With the front entrance open, Fraeya saw the Shaman in plain view—a female, being one of the few within a goblin nest. The Shama looked scared as she looked around where to hide.
Fraeya did not give it time as she cast a spell that created a spike from the ground below the Shaman and pierced straight through the vicious monster, killing it instantly.
As the Shaman staff hit the ground, the haze started to disappear.
Believing that her work was complete after killing the goblin leader, her ears quickly heard footsteps surrounding them.
Noticing that the goblins were about to swarm their position, she took cover behind Henness to protect his rear. She took a deep breath as she felt exhausted from the battle and cast so many spells quickly.
Starting at five goblins that emerged from the ruins, Fraeya watched as they charged toward them. Before they got close, however, each one was sniped from the ridge-side suppressive team.
With a moment of confusion, she stared toward the cliffside and saw the suppressive team. Now that the haze is disappearing, they could snipe off the remaining goblins from their elevation position.
"Good job, half-elf," Henness said, slowly stepping back with a shield aimed at the flames, guiding Fraeya back.
"Stop calling me half-elf," Fraeya yelled. "I am out here risking my life with the rest of you, and don't give me that war is a male-domain thing! I am willing to see this through. Most of my kind would stay home and let you fight, so why do you keep degrading me?"
"Because ideals get people killed," Fionntan Henness replied. "Out here, you must earn that respect within the brotherhood of warriors, especially if you are used to living inside the city walls. People with a self-protected mindset usually end up as food for the worms or get my soldiers killed because they do not understand what it takes to survive."
The centurion then turned to the destroyed nest. "I will say, though, what you did here. It is a good first step for a half-elf." He then turned to give her an approving smile.
Not understanding the humor from the Lat, Fraeya accepted it. From her experience, Lats always had a strange sense of humor. Insults are sometimes seen as compliments while praising could be considered offensive. Saying one thing but meaning another is a common trait for them.
With the remaining palatini coming after clearing the remaining goblins, Fraeya saw her father. She rushed over and hugged him and teared up.
"You did good, my dear," Raegel said as he patted her.
"Is this really what it is like out here?" Fraeya asked.
"Sadly, it is," Fraeya replied. "That is why I never brought you around on my digs."
"I am sorry to interrupt," Henness said. "We are on borrowed time, so can we get at it?"
Fraeya looked toward the centurion with frustration as she wanted a moment with her father. After taking a deep breath, she realized that he was right.
After finishing her hug, she brushed off the goblin's blood and clothing.
"Then we better begin searching for what we came for," Raegel said as he reached for his bag. She watched as he pulled out a perfectly smoothed, pure black orb. By itself, it didn't look impressive. She had seen hundreds of these orbs at the academy or the many workshops within the city.
Raegel held the orb in one hand and activated it with his mana. The orb glowed light blue and fainted, barely emitting any energy. He then took it against the mountain and began scanning.
Not wanting to miss anything, Fraeya quickly pulled out her journal, skipping past all her notes until she reached a blank page. She then began documenting everything her father did, taking in every world and detail.
The palatini began walking through the ruins, heading toward the mountain wall. Raegel explained in his research that the temple extended inside the mountain, like a dwarf borrian. While others who came before him came up with this theory, they were still looking for a way to detect the hidden door markings and find it.
Raegel moved down the side of the mountain, holding the orb high.
"Why are you not using a door-detecting amulet?" Fraeya asked.
"Because people have been using that for generations and found nothing here," Raegel replied.
After a reasonable amount of time when nothing had happened, Fraeya began to wonder if everything was for nothing. Seeing the lack of progress, Henness inquired if the orb failed to work. As Raegel replied, the orb suddenly blimped orange for a moment.
Witnessing the sudden change, the group backed away as they did not know how to respond to the sudden glow.
Noticing a renewed excitement from her father, she followed him closely as they investigated the mountainside.
As they searched, her father noticed that the faint blue glow from the orb had changed to orange. It then disappeared and slowly appeared, like it was slowly pulsing. When they continued walking forward, the pulsing light increased in speed.
"I think it is directing us, father," Fraeya said.
"Possible," Raegel said. "There must be some type of link."
The palatini followed the direction the orb gave. As the group approached a mountainside wall, the pulse frequency increased until it looked like the orb glowed a solid color.
"I think we found it," Raegel said. He lifted the orb toward the wall.
As the orb drew closer to the mountainside, these blue lines appeared all over the rocky wall. The rough chips of rock melted away and turned smooth as the light traveled through the grooves, slowly creating what looked like a giant door of light.
Once the bright lights finished designing a massive door, Fraeya placed her hand on the wall, shocked at how the natural bulky rocks turned into a marble-like wall.
"I would step aside, Fraeya," Raegel said.
As Fraeya stepped backward, she watched her father open the door with a magical spell. Like most magical doors, the door brightened as she expected it would fold into the mountain. To her surprise, the door didn't fold away but melted into the ground.
"What happened to the door?" Fraeya asked.
Raegal placed his hand on his chin. "It seemed that the wall was not solid but some liquid matter. These people are impressive."
The wall began to shake as dusk from the cracks spread through the area.
A large opening formed as the door walls folded into the mountainside. A passage leading deeper into the mountain. The walls were black and smooth, while the floor had these textiles in perfect order, leading deeper into the mountain.
"This has to be a dwarven design," Fraeya commented. "Only they could do something like this."
"I'm not sure," Raegel said. "This is not a design I have seen from dwarves."
Fraeya understood what her father meant. Dwarven doors into the mountains took a lot of work to find. While there were many designs of such hidden doors and the means to open them, it was doubtful that anyone had ever seen a secret magical door like this before.
Raegel started to walk into the chamber but was suddenly stopped by Henness. Stating that he wanted his men to go first to ensure no trap, three legionaries moved through the large chamber. Once they gave the clear, the rest of the group entered.
While walking, Fraeya stayed close to her father as she took notes. The soldiers ahead of them set up torches to add more light. To her surprise, the walls and floor were smooth. The air was stale, probably trapped within this chamber for centuries.
As they walked inside, the room lit up. Everyone stopped as they looked toward the end of the hall. The chamber was empty, with only a strange-looking platform at the very end. Noticing that the orb was pointing toward the platform, they approached it.
"Is this it?" Henness asked. "It does not look that impressive."
"Not everything is based on size, centurion," Raegel replied, to which his daughter giggled.
Fraeya then analyzed the platform. It was smooth, almost marble-like. However, she doubted whether it was marble. The fundamental details that she noticed were a strange-looking blue crystal at the center of the platform and another in a hole on the side.
"This is interesting," Fraeya commented. The design looked surprisingly simple. This orb must act as some command orb for this device. They must be communicating in some manner."
"Assuming that the legend was true, the orcs were the ones who summoned the lats from Altaerrie," Fraeya said. "Maybe, when this place was lost of that time, it was never turned off. Being left in a state of slumber, waiting to be reawakened."
"Possible. It would explain why the orb directed us here. The orange pulse is now pointing down at a rapid pace."
"I think it goes into that hole, father," Fraeya said. "From what I can tell, the crystal in there connects to the one on top of the platform."
"I see," Raegel said. "The pulse is pointing toward it too. I recommend that everyone step back."
"Be careful, father," Fraeya said.
Stepping back from the platform, Fraeya watched as her father placed the orb into the hole. This was the moment her father had been talking about for decades, and it had finally come true. The Bridge between two worlds had finally been discovered.
As Raegel placed the orb into the platform, it glowed orange in a solid state, no longer pulsing. The blue crystal in the middle of the platform slowly lit up, like it was waking up after a long sleep.
The air suddenly chilled as the air flowed toward the platform. A bright light beamed out of the crystal and slowly faded away, leaving a light as if on standby.
To their dismay, the orb changed to red, dimming and brightening in a slow, tired pattern.
"What is it doing, father?" Fraeya asked.
"I have no idea," Raegel replied. "It must be waiting for something."

submitted by PWOFalcon to HFY [link] [comments]

2024.05.21 23:22 John_Smith_4724 Pay someone to take my nursing assignment online Reddit

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2024.05.21 22:38 billijames2 Mitigating Landfill Waste: Strategies for Environmental Preservation

The article discusses the environmental impact of landfill waste, including issues related to air quality, water quality, soil quality, biodiversity, and ecosystem disruption, as well as strategies and solutions for reducing landfill waste and the role of regulations in landfill management.
Mitigating Landfill Waste: Strategies for Environmental Preservation

Introduction to the Environmental Impact of Landfill Waste

Landfills serve as engineered waste disposal sites designed to contain and isolate waste from the surrounding environment. While they play a crucial role in waste management, landfills also have significant environmental consequences. The decomposition of organic waste in landfills produces methane, a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change. Additionally, the lack of proper lining and containment measures in landfill sites can lead to the leakage of harmful substances into the soil and groundwater, posing risks to environmental and public health. For example, in regions like Boston, Cape Cod, and Worcester, the environmental impact of landfill waste underscores the urgent need for sustainable waste management practices to minimize ecological harm and promote a healthier living environment for residents.
The scale of landfill waste production in the United States alone highlights the magnitude of the issue. Annually, over 250 million tons of municipal solid waste are generated, with a significant portion ending up in landfills. This accumulation not only occupies vast land space but also presents challenges in waste management and environmental preservation. The rising trend in waste production emphasizes the importance of implementing sustainable waste management practices to reduce reliance on landfills and transition towards a circular economy model. Furthermore, on a global scale, the planet produced over 2 billion tons of waste in 2016, a number projected to increase to 3.4 billion by 2050. This exponential growth in waste generation necessitates immediate action to implement effective waste management strategies and reduce the environmental impact of landfill waste to ensure a sustainable future for all.
Air Quality and Landfill Emissions play a crucial role in shaping environmental health. Apart from methane and carbon dioxide, landfills release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that contribute to air pollution and smog formation. These emissions, including sulfur dioxide and ammonia, can react in the atmosphere to form harmful particulate matter, affecting respiratory health and overall air quality. Furthermore, the incineration of waste in landfills for volume reduction can release toxic air pollutants like dioxins and furans, further deteriorating air quality. For instance, in cities like Boston and Worcester, the impact of landfill emissions on air quality is a significant concern, requiring the adoption of cleaner waste management technologies and stricter regulations to reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere. By addressing the challenges posed by landfill emissions, communities can improve air quality and protect public health from the adverse effects of air pollution.
Water Quality and Landfill Leachate management are critical aspects of environmental protection. Landfill leachate, a complex liquid mixture containing heavy metals, organic pollutants, and pathogens, poses risks to surface water and groundwater quality. Inadequate treatment of landfill leachate can result in the contamination of drinking water sources and aquatic ecosystems, impacting human health and biodiversity. Additionally, persistent organic pollutants leached from landfills can bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms, posing long-term ecological threats to aquatic food chains. For example, in regions like Cape Cod, where landfills are in close proximity to water bodies, the proper management of landfill leachate is crucial to preventing water contamination and preserving the integrity of natural water systems. By implementing effective leachate treatment protocols and investing in advanced filtration technologies, cities can mitigate the risks associated with landfill leachate and protect water quality for both human and environmental well-being.
https://preview.redd.it/i2e38mv6cu1d1.jpg?width=1080&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=2186c271071c8453c78881c03921c29be25faf32
Soil Quality and Landfill Impact go hand in hand in the realm of environmental conservation. Landfills have the potential to alter soil structure and composition, leading to reduced soil fertility and inhibiting plant growth. The accumulation of non-biodegradable waste in landfills can introduce microplastics into the soil, affecting soil health and ecosystem functioning. Furthermore, chemical leaching from landfills can create soil hotspots of contamination, posing risks to agricultural activities and natural habitats. In Worcester, for instance, the presence of landfills has been associated with soil degradation, impacting local farming practices and ecosystem resilience. By addressing soil quality concerns and promoting sustainable land use practices, regions can mitigate the negative impact of landfill waste on soil health and ecosystem biodiversity.
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Disruption are significant implications of landfill development. Landfill expansion often encroaches upon natural habitats, displacing wildlife and disrupting ecological balances. The attraction of scavenging animals to landfill sites can create conflicts with native species and alter community dynamics in surrounding ecosystems. Additionally, landfill odors and emissions can deter pollinators and disrupt plant-animal interactions, impacting biodiversity and ecosystem resilience. For example, in regions like Cape Cod, where landfill development threatens critical wildlife habitats, efforts to mitigate the impact of landfills on biodiversity are essential. By implementing conservation measures and habitat restoration initiatives, communities can protect native species and promote a harmonious coexistence between landfills and natural ecosystems.

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2024.05.21 22:25 Straight-Ad-6389 How to begin at Fine Tuning LLMs

Hi everyone. This is my first Reddit post, so please pardon if I am using some wrong format.
I want to learn about Fine Tuning LLMs such as LLama-2, Gemma models, Llama-3. I have read plenty of medium articles and have been exposed to plenty of new topics such as LoRA, QLoRA, PEFT, etc. I have tried my best to understand them. But while implementing the code by following along the medium articles, I sometimes come across numerous parameters that are initialized without explanation which is overwhelming sometimes. I have also been exposed to Unsloth. I want to know where can I begin from. Should I begin with understanding how to fine-tune small models such as BERT, T5, etc using PyTorch and Transformers library? If you would like to provide some roadmap it would be really helpful. Thank you for your time.
I am attaching an example of the code I struggled to understand. How does one know which parameters are supposed to be used and which not?

model_name = "NousResearch/Llama-2-7b-chat-hf" dataset_name = "mlabonne/guanaco-llama2-1k" new_model = "Llama-2-7b-chat-finetune" # QLoRA parameters lora_r = 64 lora_alpha = 16 lora_dropout = 0.1 #bitsandbytes parameters #activate 4-bit precision base model loading use_4bit = True #compute dtype for 4-bit base models bnb_4bit_compute_dtype = "float16" #quantization type fp4 or nf4 bnb_4bit_quant_type = "nf4" #activate nested quantization for 4 bit base models use_nested_quant = False #training parameters #output dir output_dir = "./results" #no. of training epochs num_train_epochs = 1 fp16 = False bf16 = False per_device_train_batch_size = 4 per_device_eval_batch_size = 4 gradient_accumulation_steps = 1 gradient_checkpointing = True max_grad_norm = 0.3 learning_rate = 2e-4 weight_decay = 0.001 optim = "paged_adamw_32bit" lr_scheduler_type = "cosine" max_steps = -1 warmup_ratio = 0.03 group_by_length = True save_steps = 0 logging_steps = 25 # SFT Parameters # Maximum sequence length to use max_seq_length = None # Pack multiple short examples in the same input sequence to increase efficiency packing = False # Load the entire model on the GPU 0 device_map = {"": 0} # Load dataset (you can process it here) dataset = load_dataset(dataset_name, split="train") # Load tokenizer and model with QLoRA configuration compute_dtype = getattr(torch, bnb_4bit_compute_dtype) bnb_config = BitsAndBytesConfig( load_in_4bit=use_4bit, bnb_4bit_quant_type=bnb_4bit_quant_type, bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=compute_dtype, bnb_4bit_use_double_quant=use_nested_quant, ) # Check GPU compatibility with bfloat16 if compute_dtype == torch.float16 and use_4bit: major, _ = torch.cuda.get_device_capability() if major >= 8: print("=" * 80) print("Your GPU supports bfloat16: accelerate training with bf16=True") print("=" * 80) # Load base model model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained( model_name, quantization_config=bnb_config, device_map=device_map ) model.config.use_cache = False model.config.pretraining_tp = 1 # Load LLaMA tokenizer tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name, trust_remote_code=True) tokenizer.pad_token = tokenizer.eos_token tokenizer.padding_side = "right" # Fix weird overflow issue with fp16 training # Load LoRA configuration peft_config = LoraConfig( lora_alpha=lora_alpha, lora_dropout=lora_dropout, r=lora_r, bias="none", task_type="CAUSAL_LM", ) # Set training parameters training_arguments = TrainingArguments( output_dir=output_dir, num_train_epochs=num_train_epochs, per_device_train_batch_size=per_device_train_batch_size, gradient_accumulation_steps=gradient_accumulation_steps, optim=optim, save_steps=save_steps, logging_steps=logging_steps, learning_rate=learning_rate, weight_decay=weight_decay, fp16=fp16, bf16=bf16, max_grad_norm=max_grad_norm, max_steps=max_steps, warmup_ratio=warmup_ratio, group_by_length=group_by_length, lr_scheduler_type=lr_scheduler_type, report_to="tensorboard" ) # Set supervised fine-tuning parameters trainer = SFTTrainer( model=model, train_dataset=dataset, peft_config=peft_config, dataset_text_field="text", max_seq_length=max_seq_length, tokenizer=tokenizer, args=training_arguments, packing=packing, ) # Train model trainer.train()

submitted by Straight-Ad-6389 to deeplearning [link] [comments]

2024.05.21 22:07 hoffmann6383 A Spoofing Update

In this post I'll give an update on one of the leading civil spoofing cases. I believe what is happening in the NWBO spoofing case is directly relevant to GME - spoofing a stock to support a naked short position. A successful outcome for NWBO will set out the roadmap for GME to follow.
The Case: Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc v. Canaccord Genuity LLC, 1:22-cv-10185, (S.D.N.Y.)
Market Makers: Canaccord Genuity LLC, Citadel Securities LLC, G1 Execution Services LLC, GTS Securities LLC, Instinet LLC, Lime Trading Corp., and Virtu Americas LLC
TIMELINE
December 2019: The fraud section of the DoJ "...has concluded spoofing and market manipulation are widespread, so general deterrence requires harsher sanction." [3]
December 5, 2017 - August 1, 2022: Defendant Market Makers engaged in 2,849 episodes of spoofing NWBO stock with the intent to lower the share price. [4] NWBO sold over 274 million shares at manipulated prices during this time period. Id.
December 1, 2022: NWBO filed a lawsuit against seven market makers accusing them of repeated "spoofing", an illegal practice to manipulate the share price of a stock. [5]
Citadel Securities labelled the case a "malicious lawsuit [that] blatantly misrepresents how the market functions in an attempt to shake down the world's leading liquidity providers." [6]
February 16, 2022: The Wall Street Journal publishes an article entitled "Justice Department Targets 'Spoofing' and 'Scalping' in Short Seller Investigation." [7] Forbes claims that "The U.S. Department of Justice is targeting dozens of prominent short-selling investment and research firms in a sweeping federal investigation that has gone on since last year, according to several reports, with prosecutors probing potentially illegal trading tactics." [8]
March 24, 2023: Reuters reports that "Short-selling, the practice of seeking to profit off bets that a stock will fall, is a key focus for U.S. prosecutors, and there will be more activity by the Justice Department in coming months, a top department official said on Wednesday." [9]
July 12, 2023: Defendant Market-Makers in NWBO's case claimed that the alleged spoofing was "...bedrock market-making activity..." that is "..**.**routine, regulated market making activity in virtually every stock in every trading venue across the country..." [10] (emphasis added)
February 14, 2024: Judge Woods adopted in full the findings of Magistrate Judge Stein in the NWBO Case. The Court stated, in relevant part:
"The FAC [First Amended Complaint] contains particularized factual allegations evincing all the indicia of spoofing." [11] (emphasis added)
March 1, 2024: The Financial Times publish an article about NWBO's Case entitled "'Spoofing' case might draw back curtain on high-speed trading firms". [12] The article opens with "File under: huge if true." Id. The article closes with "...if Citadel Securities and its ilk are to beat this case and prevent a string of copycat suits, they will probably have to give the rest of us more of a peek behind the curtain." Id.
THE FUTURE
I believe the NWBO case is likely to move into discovery. Similar to the Harrington spoofing case [13], I believe the clients of the Market Makers that engaged in spoofing will be unmasked and they will receive document/deposition subpoenas. These Market Makers and their clients could be facing the prospect of a civil and criminal case. and even the prospect of covering a substantial and possibly illegal naked short position.
NWBO's lawsuit claims that spoofing is being done to benefit a naked short selling scheme:
"And like here, the plaintiff alleged that defendants sought to benefit from their spoofing by obtaining shares at below-market prices in order to cover short positions established through a related alleged scheme of naked short selling." [14]
These allegations of a naked short selling scheme are being brought forth via NWBO's lead attorney, Laura Posner. Some relevant background on Ms. Posner:
"Prior to joining the firm, Laura was appointed by the New Jersey Attorney General to serve as the Bureau Chief for the New Jersey Bureau of Securities – the top securities regulator in New Jersey. In that capacity, she was responsible for administrating and enforcing the New Jersey Uniform Securities Law and regulations thereunder, as well as managing and overseeing the employees who staff the Bureau of Securities. Cases prosecuted under Laura’s direction as Bureau Chief resulted in hundreds of millions of dollars in recoveries for New Jersey residents and more than 20 criminal convictions." [15]
Are Market Makers and/or their clients using social media to suppress share price and support a potential naked short position?
There is a years long negative NWBO social media campaign on nearly every social media platform. One such platform, InvestorsHub, has nearly 25,000 message boards. [16] Of these 25,000 message boards the most read and posted on message board is NWBO, an obscure cancer vaccine company on the US OTC. A large percentage of the posts on NWBO's InvestorsHub forums are from admitted non-investors in the company that claim to be looking out for shareholders. These white knights protecting the retail have been at forums like InvestorsHub posting negative NWBO narratives for years on end. Maybe these are truly people taking time out of their day to look out for retail's best interest, or maybe they are part of the naked short selling scheme referenced in the NWBO case. I'm hopeful that both the civil and a potential criminal case get to the bottom of the question of whether there is a large unreported and potentially illegal naked short position in NWBO.
The more data we see via the NWBO spoofing lawsuit, the more questionable social media behavior we see, the more I believe we might have a significant naked short position in NWBO. It doesn't make sense to see such a comprehensive social media campaign and extreme amounts of spoofing for a measly 4.48% short interest (per Fintel) in a small obscure US OTC company.
GME
I believe the NWBO case follows the same pattern as what we've seen with GME - a large naked short position supported by illegal market manipulation via spoofing and a social media campaign. It will be interesting to see how the NWBO case turns out as I believe it will be directly relevant to GME. The NWBO spoofing case could set out the exact roadmap for GME to follow.
[1]https://cohenmilstein.com/case-study/northwest-biotherapeutics-inc-securities-litigation/… [2]https://nwbio.com/northwest-biotherapeutics-announces-marketing-authorization-applications-submitted-uk-mhra-dcvax-l-glioblastoma/… [3]https://mvalaw.com/investigations-and-regulatory-advice/latest-doj-spoofing-settlement… [4]https://cohenmilstein.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2nd-Amended-Complaint-NWBO-03182024.pdf… [5]https://cohenmilstein.com/biotech-company-says-citadel-other-big-traders-manipulated-its-stock-price-wall-street/… [6]https://ft.com/content/4fe0f032-07e5-41d7-ac85-cceb252129a3… [7]https://wsj.com/articles/justice-department-is-pursuing-wide-ranging-investigation-of-short-sellers-sources-say-11645019122… [8]https://forbes.com/sites/sergeiklebnikov/2022/02/16/doj-investigates-short-sellers-for-potential-trading-abuses-including-spoofing-and-scalping/?sh=463ad05378fc… [9]https://reuters.com/markets/us/us-action-short-sellers-likely-next-few-months-doj-official-2023-05-24/… [10]https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.590344/gov.uscourts.nysd.590344.115.0_1.pdf… [11]https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.590344/gov.uscourts.nysd.590344.137.0.pdf… [12]https://ft.com/content/4fe0f032-07e5-41d7-ac85-cceb252129a3… [13]https://courtlistener.com/docket/46947528/harrington-global-opportunity-fund-limited-v-cibc-world-markets-corp/ [14]https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.590344/gov.uscourts.nysd.590344.123.0.pdf…… [15]https://cohenmilstein.com/bio/laura-h-posne [16]https://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/hubstocks.aspx

submitted by hoffmann6383 to Superstonk [link] [comments]

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