• Lesson video

INTRO

• application installation
• configuration files
• services
• logs

YOUR TASKS TODAY

• Install and run apache, transforming your server into a web server

INSTRUCTIONS

• Refresh your list of available packages (apps) by: sudo apt update - this takes a moment or two, but ensures that you'll be getting the latest versions.
• Install Apache from the repository with a simple: sudo apt install apache2
• Confirm that it’s running by browsing to http://[external IP of your server] - where you should see a confirmation page.
• Apache is installed as a "service" - a program that starts automatically when the server starts and keeps running whether anyone is logged in or not. Try stopping it with the command: sudo systemctl stop apache2 - check that the webpage goes dead - then re-start it with sudo systemctl start apache2 - and check its status with: systemctl status apache2.
• As with the vast majority of Linux software, configuration is controlled by files under the /etc directory - check the configuration files under /etc/apache2 especially /etc/apache2/apache2.conf - you can use less to simply view them, or the vim editor to view and edit as you wish.
• In /etc/apache2/apache2.conf there's the line with the text: "IncludeOptional conf-enabled/*.conf". This tells Apache that the *.conf files in the subdirectory conf-enabled should be merged in with those from /etc/apache2/apache2.conf at load. This approach of lots of small specific config files is common.
• If you're familiar with configuring web servers, then go crazy, setup some virtual hosts, or add in some mods etc.
• The location of the default webpage is defined by the DocumentRoot parameter in the file /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf.
• Use less or vim to view the code of the default page - normally at /vawww/html/index.html. This uses fairly complex modern web design - so you might like to browse to http://165.227.92.20/sample where you'll see a much simpler page. Use View Source in your browser to see the code of this, copy it, and then, in your ssh session sudo vim /vawww/html/index.html to first delete the existing content, then paste in this simple example - and then edit to your own taste. View the result with your workstation browser by again going to http://[external IP of your server]
• As with most Linux services, Apache keeps its logs under the /valog directory - look at the logs in /valog/apache2 - in the access.log file you should be able to see your session from when you browsed to the test page. Notice that there's an overwhelming amount of detail - this is typical, but in a later lesson you'll learn how to filter out just what you want. Notice the error.log file too - hopefully this one will be empty!

Note for AWS/Azure/GCP users

• AWS
• Azure
• GCP

POSTING YOUR PROGRESS

SECURITY

• As the sysadmin of this server, responsible for its security, you need to be very aware that you've now increased the "attack surface" of your server. In addition to ssh on port 22, you are now also exposing the apache2 code on port 80. Over time the logs may reveal access from a wide range of visiting search engines, and attackers - and that’s perfectly normal.
• If you run the commands: sudo apt update, then sudo apt upgrade, and accept the suggested upgrades, then you'll have all the latest security updates, and be secure enough for a test environment - but you should re-run this regularly.

EXTENSION

• Using systemctl to manage services

RESOURCES

• HTTPD - Apache2 Web Server
• The Apache HTTP Server

TROUBLESHOOT AND MAKE A SAD SERVER HAPPY!

• "Cape Town": Borked Nginx

PREVIOUS DAY'S LESSON

• Day 6 - Editing with "vim"

1. Understand the exam format and content: Familiarize yourself with the exam format, question types, and content coverage.
2. Study and prepare thoroughly: Use CompTIA-approved study materials, online resources, and practice exams to prepare for the exam.
3. Develop a study plan: Create a study schedule and stick to it to help you stay focused and on track.
4. Practice with sample questions: Practice with sample questions to help you understand the exam format and content.
5. Take practice exams: Take practice exams to simulate the actual exam experience and identify areas for improvement.
6. Stay calm and focused: On the exam day, stay calm, focused, and read the questions carefully.
7. Manage your time effectively: Make sure to allocate enough time for each question and section.
8. Review and learn from your mistakes: Review your mistakes and learn from them to improve your knowledge and skills.

Anyone watching this trial?

• Ms. Beaty is one of the prosecutors
• ISP Lab supervisor testimony
• FBI CAST & CSLI testimony from the supervisor in Idaho

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FBI CAST / CSLI Supervisor - Day 22

• He’s disclosed a lot but most of the info is with more abundant data to work off of.
• Google location history is the main source of the precise locations we saw pertaining to Alex Cox’s movements. > — I wonder if that means Alex Cox had a Droid (anyone know?), or if we might see something like this data come out with this case. > — being logged into Gmail gives them very precise location points, you could see Alex Cox move around Walmart based on phone location
• {For anyone interested in the Delphi case, the 100m range is explained}.
• I find it very interesting how willingly and easily the CAST team at FBI cooperated with this Daybell case, in contrast with subpoenas and the Touhey process being employed in the Kohberger case
• There are a lot of overlapping coverage zones in Idaho > (but this case is based on the opposite corner of the state, so it didn’t show the maps they use near where this investigation is based)
• he goes over AT&T drive test data
• a lot of the data presented is specific to AT&T {insights useful for Kohberger, Delphi cases} > — a lot from Verizon too.
• Random fact learned: Verizon doesn’t store location details in the data & analytics log on phones when texts are sent and received like other carriers do

^{That’s ^ my wild guess, not evidenced directly, just a personal opinion on what I think is likely}

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ISP Lab Supervisor Ms. Dace - Day 20

• Her testimony did not help the prosecution at all IMO, but they did provide some interesting insights into their processes
• They didn’t find a single hint of Chad’s DNA on anything they tested > — despite 18 of the items being tools he owned & presumably has used…. > — They assumed ownership and that his DNA would be present (apparently neglecting to consider that someone else’s DNA being present could be exculpatory for the defendant) > huge risk from this testimony: conspiracy to commit murder + 1st degree murder —> just conspiracy}
• There was essentially no unexpected or incriminating DNA anywhere (Lori’s was mixed with Tylee’s in some places but she’s already convicted so that rly makes no dif)
• She gave some insights that help to understand the super high #s given in this case. — They assume mixture but test for a unique profile among it. — {they expected DNA from soil, decomposition fluids from both victims, and ashes <-interesting}
• They got reference samples from all the main players and, using using atypical methodology, did not test for any outside contributor’s identities > — “Atypical” bc thats how they did it “for this case,” she clarified (unique instructions or circumstances apparently)
• For all cases, they only test exactly the items & places on the items that police or prosecutors instruct them to, or things they’re instructed to test by court orders
• in this case, she saw potential blood on 10 items which they only determined was consistent with blood, but didn’t test whose it was on any of them.
• Their policy is not to run consumptive testing without approval. > — And apparently didn’t seek, or weren’t granted approval, despite nothing testing positive for the defendant’s DNA

• they assume it was on tool handles since he owned them, but that also bases the choice not to confirm, on the assumption that no one else’s would be present…. we’ll see if the jury accepts that….

(For clarity: I think he obviously played a key role in the kid’s deaths & is guilty of at least conspiracy to commit murder, just now question the strength of the first degree murder charge, not his actual guilt)

• . - * . - * . - * . - * . - * . - * . - * . - * . - *

Ms. Beaty - special prosecutor from the Kohberger case is on this trial too.

• she’s more effective on the Daybell case IMO, watching has guven me a better impression of her
• it might be just bc she has better arguments to use to lay out a clear picture, or it might be that she has a dif role in the Kohberger case > — She seems to get stuck with a lot of long-shot requests, likely bc she has a higher rank
• she seems confident, calm, & precise
  Side-note: Prosecutor Wood’s performance is a lot more mild than what I expected. Pryor is coming off as more thorough and inquisitive, but both of them come off as very kind and reasonable. Pryor’s been given an extremely difficult task to undertake single-handedly, facing what seems impossible. He’s missed a few key opportunities to question some things, but I think he’s matching the performance of the prosecutors thus far, from what I’ve seen. Beaty seems most harsh / stern from the bunch, but more likable than she’s come off in the Kohberger case IMO
  
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• anyone know whether Alex Cox had a Droid?

1. What would you recommend for a down payment for a vehicle sitting around 18-25k in value
   
2. I’ve been advised to look for cars under 100km if possible, however 100-120k is okay if it’s better suited to my budget
   
3. Any offers or ways to reduce my overall nightmare experience with working with these car dealerships?
   
4. Any recommendations on good insurance companies. Obviously I’ll have to check around once the time comes where I know which vehicle I want however some names would be good
   
5. Any other tips. I can’t afford major major high bi-weekly payments or anything monthly over $500 or I’ll be homeless lol.
   

Chance Me: Low GPA ASIAN

• Biotechnology and Research Sequencing Camp at University of Michigan - Explored Nucleotide Hybridization, led group research linking it to a real-world disease. Presented a business plan on Biotech and NGS technology.
• Medical Student Shadowing and Medicine Exploration at University of Brown Alpert Medical School - Learned about heart transplants, and reviewed different medical careers
• Shadowed Primary Care Physican - #1 Care Physican in our city. Worked in the Biomedical Lab helping analyzing samples and results for patients (in real time). Shadowed the actual checkups as well.
• Swim Instructor - Worked for ~1 year, over 400 hours of work, about 8-10 hours weekly on school weeks, CPR and Lifeguard Certified.
• Michigan Ref Certified - Participated in overall 50+ hours of ref related activities, played soccer for 13 years, and competitive/travel soccer for 10 years.
• HOSA Competitor (2yrs) - Qualified for International Leadership Conference in 1st year, placed 1st at States (SLC), and placed Top 3 at HOSA ILC
• Swim Camp Summer Volunteer connected w/Detroit's Children’s Care Center - Helped instruct kids who’ve dealt with major behavioral, emotional, and educational trauma or challenges. Participated in a 4-week long program to teach them how to swim.
• Board/Co-Founder of Medical Club (3yrs) - Led a Medical Club focused on healthcare careers, connecting with licensed doctors and med students to inspire youth. Expanded membership from 4 to 150 in 4 years by organizing talks for younger children about life as a doctor.
• Math Tutor for Struggling Students - 75+ Hours Volunteering
• Key Club Volunteer - 50+ Hours Volunteering