Comedy script(tagalog)
The Tagalog language
2011.12.16 19:56 marinkydink The Tagalog language
A subreddit for discussing the Tagalog language. Tagalog is known formally as Filipino, the name under which Tagalog is designated the national language of the Philippines, as well as an official language alongside English.
2020.04.18 08:27 lgkfilm Looking for script writer
Screenwriter to be more specific. A gangster action/ drama with some comedy. A short script (25 pages) story has been completed but I would like to expanded it to full feature script and change some of the dialogue to include tagalog or taglish. The story of a godfather type gangster in Manila who is aging and passing the leadership to his son but something really bad happens forces him to wage an all out war to save his son's life. During this lock down, we can develop some good solid scripts and hopefully when this ends we can film them. PM or post here. If you have some sample of your work that would be great.
submitted by lgkfilm to phclassifieds [link] [comments]
2017.01.30 02:23 galaxyrocker ассаламу гӀалейкум - This week's language of the week: Tsez!
Tsez, also known as Dido (цезйас мец cezyas mec or цез мец cez mec in Tsez) is a Northeast Caucasian language with about 15,354 speakers (2002) spoken by the Tsez, a Muslim people in the mountainous Tsunta District of southwestern Dagestan in Russia. The name is said to derive from the Tsez word for "eagle", which is most likely a folk etymology. The name Dido is derived from the Georgian word დიდი (didi), meaning "big".
Tsez lacks a literary tradition, and is thus poorly represented in written form. Instead, Avar and Russian are more common as literary languages. Attempts have been made to standardize Tsez orthography, mainly to record folklore; these are generally based on the Cyrillic script as used by Avar, though a Latin-based orthography can be used as well. Currently, the language is not taught in school, with all schooling being done in Avar for the first 5 years followed by Russian. This has led to kids having a better command of Russian than Tsez. Fluency in Avar is more prevalent among men than women.
Tsez is a Northeast Caucasian Language, meaning it is related to other languages such as Lezgian. Some propose that the Northeast Caucasian languages themselves are a branch of the Alarodian languages, grouped with the extinct Hurro-Urartian languages, however this has not been confirmed. Its full linguistic tree is:
Northeast Caucasian > Tsezic > Tsez-Hinukh > Tsez
Phonology:
Tsez has a consonant inventory of 33 consonants, though only 32 of them are considered phonemic. Word-initial consonants can be pharyngealized and are marked as such in the proposed orthography by a small [ˤ] following the consonant; in the Cyrillic spelling a palochka ("Ӏ") is used after the vowel that follows the consonant. An epenthetic vowel is often inserted to break up consonant clusters. Labialized consonants are written as Cв in the Cyrillic and as Cʷ in the Latin transcription, respectively. Any consonant besides /n, l, j, ʕ/ and the bilabials can be labialized.
The vowel inventory consists of 6 vowels -- 5 short and 1 long. A vowel is dropped before another vowel, so there are never two consecutive vowels. However, a final -u labializes the preceding consonant, if followed by a vowel.
Tsez's syllable structure is generally CV(C), and there are no vowel clusters, with the first one being dropped. Suffixes can be C, V, CV, VC or C+CV, where the last attaches the first C to the end of the preceding syllable.
Grammar:
See Wikipedia's section on syntax as well
The default word order of Tsez is Subject-Object-Verb, though the predicate is often in the middle of the sentence than at the end. This is becoming the most dominant word order in everyday speech, with a Verb-Subject-Object sometimes used in narratives. Tsez is generally a head-final language, so modifiers, apart from postpositions, appear before the noun they're associated with. The general order is Agent/Experiencer—Recipient—Patient—Locative—Instrument, though this can be adjusted to emphasize certain things.
Tsez is also an agglutinative language, meaning it words change their meanings by agglutination, or adding prefixes or suffixes to a word (and sometimes using reduplication), all without changing the *fixes themselves. This is opposed to isolating languages, like English, which tend to use auxillary words to express things and fusional languages, like Spanish, which add morphemes that cause the words/morphemes to change. Tsez itself is a predominatnly suffixing language, though prefixes are often used to make agreement with the four noun classes of the language.
Tsez distinguishes four noun classes in the singular, though that collapses to two in the plural, with types II, III, and IV all showing the same agreement marker, while type I stays different. Tsez nouns are inflected for number and case, and, as previously mentioned, often contain agreement based on noun classes. There are eight syntactical cases (absolutive, ergative, genitive 1, genitive 2, dative, instrumental, equative 1, equative 2) Putting these combinations together with the locative cases gives a grand total of 64 cases, though, of course, this number can change based on analysis and is often prone to exaggeration (see: The great Daghestian case hoax, at end). Of the two genitive cases, the first is used as attribute to an absolutive head noun and the second to an oblique one. That means, that the Genitive 1 is used for phrases like žekʼu-s is (the man's bull), and the Genitive 2 is used for žekʼu-z is-er (for the man's bull). The Equative 1 is used to make comparisons, like besuro-ce (like a fish) and can also be attached to other cases. Some propose up to three more cases, possessive 1, possessive 2, and abessive.
The locative cases can distinguish 3 categories: location, orientation, and direction. The direction cases are: essive, lative, ablative, allative. These are combined in 7 other orientation to mean things like 'in, on, under', etc, with each of these being able to combine with the distal or non-distal case, giving a possibility of 56 locative cases. This, added with the 8 syntactical cases, gives a total of 64 (though, as mentioned other analyses can give more/less: if Tsez was treated like Tabasaran, it would have 'far more' than the 48 given for the latter language).
As mentioned, Tsez is an ergative-absolutive language, which means that it treats the single argument ("subject") of an intransitive verb like the object of a transitive one, with a separate form for the subject of a transitive verb. This is contrasted with the case systems in most European languages (with the notable exception of Basque); in English, it would be like saying "Her walks." and "She likes her."
Tsez only distinguishes personal pronouns for the first and second person, using demonstratives instead when talking in the third person.
Despite Tsez's rich verbal morphology, there is only one true irregular verb in the language, that corresponding to English 'to be'. There are 4 morphological groups in the language, based on the final phoneme of the stem. Tsez has 5 tenses in the indicative mood: past witnessed, past unwitnessed, present, future definite, future indefinite. As you can see, evidentiality is marked in the past tense. Of the two different future tenses, the definite one bears the connotation of being wanted by the speaker ("I want and I will...") and is only used with the first person, while the indefinite one (simply "will") tends to be used with second and third.
Tsez can also form an imperative and optative mood. Tsez can use various analytic forms to distinguish certain aspects, such as emphatic future, continuous, perfective, perfect), intentive, and resultative.
Dialects
Tsez can be divided into the following dialects, with their Tsez names given in parentheses:
Written in the Latin alphabet, based on the Asakh dialect:
Kʼetʼus Hunar
Zewnoƛax zewčʼeyƛax bˤeƛon bocʼin zirun qayno. Sidaquł šigoħno sadaqorno boyno ħukmu: yaqułtow begira bocʼi ħonƛʼār miƛʼeł xizāz xizyo rišʷa yoł. Bˤeƛā begirno qay łˤāł xizāz, bocʼin zirun regirno ħonƛʼār miƛʼeł xizāz. Ɣudod, žedi raynosi beƛʼez reqenyoxor, ziru boqno uhi-ehƛada buq boƛāxzāzarno boqno. Zirus uhi-ehi teqxoy, ɣʷaybi kʼoƛin elār, bocʼi buq bātuzāzarno boqno bikʼin reqenyoƛer, besurno ƛʼarayaw miƛʼi. Miƛʼin bisno bocʼin zirun xizor rutin qʼayƛʼār. Rizirno cʼidoƛʼor ƛoħon begirno łāƛʼor qay. Kikxogon zewno bočʼikʼxo kʼetʼu. Qayir zewāčʼey rikʷayxo; nešuruxay nełor rikʷayxo zewčʼey. Kʼetʼu, ełor baynosi qay, boqno kʼekʼbikʼa. Kʼekʼbikʼni teqnosi, qay łikin rixerčʼeytow boxin xizor. Bˤeƛā esirno: "Šidā boxā rayirčʼey łin?" Elo didiyƛa žekʼu yoł-ƛin eƛin qayā. Aħugon rikʼin łāxor zirun qayno. Žedi raynosi kikxor žedā esirno kʼetuq: "Mi šebi?" Di žekʼu yoł-ƛin eƛin kʼetʼā. Šebi že debez ħiroƛʼ esirxo zirā. Tupi ƛin eƛix kʼetʼā. Dicce rˤuƛʼno zirun qayno, amma biyxoy kʼetʼu yāłru, xizyo łˤonon zenzi rikʼin raħira reƛ. Bˤeƛo buqełno bičin ažoz kʼodrexāzay, rołikʼno aħyabin kecno, kʼetʼu tataniłxo zewno cʼidox. Bˤeƛā kʼekʼrikʼerxo zewno aħyabi. Že rikʷayxoy, kʼetʼuz rokʼƛʼor rayno, že elo aw ƛin, hudu betʼtʼun kʼoƛin elor. Dicce bˤuƛʼzāq bˤeƛqo regin ixiytʼatow qˤaƛubin, boxin ciqxār. Bocʼezno qayizno, ziruzno rokʼƛʼor rayno baysi bāsu ixiytow ħaywan šebin, nełoq že riqičʼey kʼiriłno roxin. Cʼikʼiy reƛ miƛes ƛexun kʼetʼur. ʕoƛiran ɣˤudeł kʼetʼu bišno, racʼno baɣʷace dawla bocʼesno zirusno.
Spoken Samples:
Interview? story?
Comedy?
The great Daghestanian case hoax (Comrie and Polanski)
Previous Languages of the Week
German Icelandic Russian Hebrew Irish Korean Arabic Swahili Chinese Portuguese Swedish Zulu Malay Finnish French Nepali Czech Dutch Tamil Spanish Turkish Polish Frisian Navajo Basque Zenen Kazakh Hungarian Greek Mongolian Japanese Maltese Welsh Persian/Farsi ASL Anything Guaraní Catalan Urdu Danish Sami Indonesian Hawaiian Manx Latin Hindi Estonian Xhosa Tagalog Serbian Māori Mayan Uyghur Lithuanian Afrikaans Georgian Norwegian Scots Gaelic Marathi Cantonese Ancient Greek American Mi'kmaq Burmese Galician Faroese Tibetan Ukrainian Somali Chechen Albanian Yiddish Vietnamese Esperanto Italian Iñupiaq Khoisan Breton Pashto Pirahã Thai Ainu Mohawk Armenian Uzbek Nahuatl Ewe Romanian Kurdish Quechua Cherokee Kannada Adyghe Hmong Inuktitut Slovenian Guaraní 2 Hausa Basque 2 Georgian 2 Sami 2 Kyrgyz Samoan Latvian Central Alaskan Yup'ik Cape Verdean Creole Irish 2 Amharic Cebuano Akkadian Bengali Rohingya Okinawan Ojibwe Assyrian Neo-Aramaic Tahitian Greenlandic Kalmyk Coptic
submitted by galaxyrocker to languagelearning [link] [comments]
Tsez lacks a literary tradition, and is thus poorly represented in written form. Instead, Avar and Russian are more common as literary languages. Attempts have been made to standardize Tsez orthography, mainly to record folklore; these are generally based on the Cyrillic script as used by Avar, though a Latin-based orthography can be used as well. Currently, the language is not taught in school, with all schooling being done in Avar for the first 5 years followed by Russian. This has led to kids having a better command of Russian than Tsez. Fluency in Avar is more prevalent among men than women.
Linguistics:
Language classification:Tsez is a Northeast Caucasian Language, meaning it is related to other languages such as Lezgian. Some propose that the Northeast Caucasian languages themselves are a branch of the Alarodian languages, grouped with the extinct Hurro-Urartian languages, however this has not been confirmed. Its full linguistic tree is:
Northeast Caucasian > Tsezic > Tsez-Hinukh > Tsez
Phonology:
Tsez has a consonant inventory of 33 consonants, though only 32 of them are considered phonemic. Word-initial consonants can be pharyngealized and are marked as such in the proposed orthography by a small [ˤ] following the consonant; in the Cyrillic spelling a palochka ("Ӏ") is used after the vowel that follows the consonant. An epenthetic vowel is often inserted to break up consonant clusters. Labialized consonants are written as Cв in the Cyrillic and as Cʷ in the Latin transcription, respectively. Any consonant besides /n, l, j, ʕ/ and the bilabials can be labialized.
The vowel inventory consists of 6 vowels -- 5 short and 1 long. A vowel is dropped before another vowel, so there are never two consecutive vowels. However, a final -u labializes the preceding consonant, if followed by a vowel.
Tsez's syllable structure is generally CV(C), and there are no vowel clusters, with the first one being dropped. Suffixes can be C, V, CV, VC or C+CV, where the last attaches the first C to the end of the preceding syllable.
Grammar:
See Wikipedia's section on syntax as well
The default word order of Tsez is Subject-Object-Verb, though the predicate is often in the middle of the sentence than at the end. This is becoming the most dominant word order in everyday speech, with a Verb-Subject-Object sometimes used in narratives. Tsez is generally a head-final language, so modifiers, apart from postpositions, appear before the noun they're associated with. The general order is Agent/Experiencer—Recipient—Patient—Locative—Instrument, though this can be adjusted to emphasize certain things.
Tsez is also an agglutinative language, meaning it words change their meanings by agglutination, or adding prefixes or suffixes to a word (and sometimes using reduplication), all without changing the *fixes themselves. This is opposed to isolating languages, like English, which tend to use auxillary words to express things and fusional languages, like Spanish, which add morphemes that cause the words/morphemes to change. Tsez itself is a predominatnly suffixing language, though prefixes are often used to make agreement with the four noun classes of the language.
Tsez distinguishes four noun classes in the singular, though that collapses to two in the plural, with types II, III, and IV all showing the same agreement marker, while type I stays different. Tsez nouns are inflected for number and case, and, as previously mentioned, often contain agreement based on noun classes. There are eight syntactical cases (absolutive, ergative, genitive 1, genitive 2, dative, instrumental, equative 1, equative 2) Putting these combinations together with the locative cases gives a grand total of 64 cases, though, of course, this number can change based on analysis and is often prone to exaggeration (see: The great Daghestian case hoax, at end). Of the two genitive cases, the first is used as attribute to an absolutive head noun and the second to an oblique one. That means, that the Genitive 1 is used for phrases like žekʼu-s is (the man's bull), and the Genitive 2 is used for žekʼu-z is-er (for the man's bull). The Equative 1 is used to make comparisons, like besuro-ce (like a fish) and can also be attached to other cases. Some propose up to three more cases, possessive 1, possessive 2, and abessive.
The locative cases can distinguish 3 categories: location, orientation, and direction. The direction cases are: essive, lative, ablative, allative. These are combined in 7 other orientation to mean things like 'in, on, under', etc, with each of these being able to combine with the distal or non-distal case, giving a possibility of 56 locative cases. This, added with the 8 syntactical cases, gives a total of 64 (though, as mentioned other analyses can give more/less: if Tsez was treated like Tabasaran, it would have 'far more' than the 48 given for the latter language).
As mentioned, Tsez is an ergative-absolutive language, which means that it treats the single argument ("subject") of an intransitive verb like the object of a transitive one, with a separate form for the subject of a transitive verb. This is contrasted with the case systems in most European languages (with the notable exception of Basque); in English, it would be like saying "Her walks." and "She likes her."
Tsez only distinguishes personal pronouns for the first and second person, using demonstratives instead when talking in the third person.
Despite Tsez's rich verbal morphology, there is only one true irregular verb in the language, that corresponding to English 'to be'. There are 4 morphological groups in the language, based on the final phoneme of the stem. Tsez has 5 tenses in the indicative mood: past witnessed, past unwitnessed, present, future definite, future indefinite. As you can see, evidentiality is marked in the past tense. Of the two different future tenses, the definite one bears the connotation of being wanted by the speaker ("I want and I will...") and is only used with the first person, while the indefinite one (simply "will") tends to be used with second and third.
Tsez can also form an imperative and optative mood. Tsez can use various analytic forms to distinguish certain aspects, such as emphatic future, continuous, perfective, perfect), intentive, and resultative.
Dialects
Tsez can be divided into the following dialects, with their Tsez names given in parentheses:
- Asakh (Asaq)
- Tsebari (Ceboru)
- Mokok (Newo)
- Kidero (Kidiro)
- Shaytl (Ešiƛʼ)
- Shapikh (Šopix)
- Sagada (Soƛʼo)
Samples:
Written:Written in the Latin alphabet, based on the Asakh dialect:
Kʼetʼus Hunar
Zewnoƛax zewčʼeyƛax bˤeƛon bocʼin zirun qayno. Sidaquł šigoħno sadaqorno boyno ħukmu: yaqułtow begira bocʼi ħonƛʼār miƛʼeł xizāz xizyo rišʷa yoł. Bˤeƛā begirno qay łˤāł xizāz, bocʼin zirun regirno ħonƛʼār miƛʼeł xizāz. Ɣudod, žedi raynosi beƛʼez reqenyoxor, ziru boqno uhi-ehƛada buq boƛāxzāzarno boqno. Zirus uhi-ehi teqxoy, ɣʷaybi kʼoƛin elār, bocʼi buq bātuzāzarno boqno bikʼin reqenyoƛer, besurno ƛʼarayaw miƛʼi. Miƛʼin bisno bocʼin zirun xizor rutin qʼayƛʼār. Rizirno cʼidoƛʼor ƛoħon begirno łāƛʼor qay. Kikxogon zewno bočʼikʼxo kʼetʼu. Qayir zewāčʼey rikʷayxo; nešuruxay nełor rikʷayxo zewčʼey. Kʼetʼu, ełor baynosi qay, boqno kʼekʼbikʼa. Kʼekʼbikʼni teqnosi, qay łikin rixerčʼeytow boxin xizor. Bˤeƛā esirno: "Šidā boxā rayirčʼey łin?" Elo didiyƛa žekʼu yoł-ƛin eƛin qayā. Aħugon rikʼin łāxor zirun qayno. Žedi raynosi kikxor žedā esirno kʼetuq: "Mi šebi?" Di žekʼu yoł-ƛin eƛin kʼetʼā. Šebi že debez ħiroƛʼ esirxo zirā. Tupi ƛin eƛix kʼetʼā. Dicce rˤuƛʼno zirun qayno, amma biyxoy kʼetʼu yāłru, xizyo łˤonon zenzi rikʼin raħira reƛ. Bˤeƛo buqełno bičin ažoz kʼodrexāzay, rołikʼno aħyabin kecno, kʼetʼu tataniłxo zewno cʼidox. Bˤeƛā kʼekʼrikʼerxo zewno aħyabi. Že rikʷayxoy, kʼetʼuz rokʼƛʼor rayno, že elo aw ƛin, hudu betʼtʼun kʼoƛin elor. Dicce bˤuƛʼzāq bˤeƛqo regin ixiytʼatow qˤaƛubin, boxin ciqxār. Bocʼezno qayizno, ziruzno rokʼƛʼor rayno baysi bāsu ixiytow ħaywan šebin, nełoq že riqičʼey kʼiriłno roxin. Cʼikʼiy reƛ miƛes ƛexun kʼetʼur. ʕoƛiran ɣˤudeł kʼetʼu bišno, racʼno baɣʷace dawla bocʼesno zirusno.
Spoken Samples:
Interview? story?
Comedy?
Interesting academic articles:
Tsez Syntax: A Description (Polanski, edited 2015)The great Daghestanian case hoax (Comrie and Polanski)
Previous Languages of the Week
German Icelandic Russian Hebrew Irish Korean Arabic Swahili Chinese Portuguese Swedish Zulu Malay Finnish French Nepali Czech Dutch Tamil Spanish Turkish Polish Frisian Navajo Basque Zenen Kazakh Hungarian Greek Mongolian Japanese Maltese Welsh Persian/Farsi ASL Anything Guaraní Catalan Urdu Danish Sami Indonesian Hawaiian Manx Latin Hindi Estonian Xhosa Tagalog Serbian Māori Mayan Uyghur Lithuanian Afrikaans Georgian Norwegian Scots Gaelic Marathi Cantonese Ancient Greek American Mi'kmaq Burmese Galician Faroese Tibetan Ukrainian Somali Chechen Albanian Yiddish Vietnamese Esperanto Italian Iñupiaq Khoisan Breton Pashto Pirahã Thai Ainu Mohawk Armenian Uzbek Nahuatl Ewe Romanian Kurdish Quechua Cherokee Kannada Adyghe Hmong Inuktitut Slovenian Guaraní 2 Hausa Basque 2 Georgian 2 Sami 2 Kyrgyz Samoan Latvian Central Alaskan Yup'ik Cape Verdean Creole Irish 2 Amharic Cebuano Akkadian Bengali Rohingya Okinawan Ojibwe Assyrian Neo-Aramaic Tahitian Greenlandic Kalmyk Coptic