Printable external protractor
/r/boltaction
2013.03.22 21:50 /r/boltaction
Welcome to /BoltAction! (Achtung Panzer! & Konflikt 47' too!) The only sub for the WWII tabletop game, created by Rick Priestley and Alessio Cavatore of ex-Games Workshop fame.
2024.05.17 18:02 Small_Broccoli315 The guy below me can lick my CRAP!
2024.05.14 05:55 FLSchmittBag Hit the Century Mark
| My recent pick up of Microwave’s new LP - Let’s Start Degeneracy had me hit the century mark for my collection. I started getting into vinyl back in December 2023 when I got an LP60 for Christmas. Caught the bug and have already moved up to a LP120 and upgraded with an external pre amp, subwoofer, and Ortofon 2M Red Cartridge. Crazy how much detail this thing picks up compared to what came with it, especially after aligning it (that was a tedious task, hoping I did it right. Bought a protractor) My hauls have become less frequent as this is way to expensive of a hobby as is, but go about once a month to the brick and mortar and try to keep it two each (my wife and I) and my impulse discog purchases. submitted by FLSchmittBag to vinyl [link] [comments] |
2024.05.09 00:07 just_a_person_1 Looking for Personal Knowledge Database Solutions
Question: I am looking for advice on finding the ideal Personal Knowledge Database/Wiki (AKA: 'Second Brain') solution. Note: I primarily use Windows, but Linux is also an option.
Programs I've Tried: Over the past ~10 years, I've searched for the perfect program. I've tested numerous options such as
HelpNDoc,
Obsidian,
Notion,
TiddlyWiki,
Joplin,
ZimWiki,
DokuWiki,
spreadsheets,
Google Drive,
CherryTree,
TreeSheets, and the
Zettelkasten/
Bullet Journal Methods. Regrettably, none of these solutions have fully satisfied all my requirements. So far, HelpNDoc is probably the closest to success I've been.
Programs I Haven't Tried Yet: - BookStack, WordPress, MediaWiki
Does anyone know of a program
or methodology/workflow that supports these features:
Must-Have (Core) Features: - Open source: I don't want to be locked into a proprietary system or workflow that will trap me in their ecosystem.
- Free: If it's not free, it probably isn't open source either.
- Offline: For various reasons, I prefer my personal knowledge database to be stored on my property and not someone's cloud server.
- Searchable: Must include a search bar.
- Basics: Links (internal & external), bold, italic, headers, footers, H1, H2, H3, etc.
- Printable: Including manual page breaks.
- Exportable: Data should never feel 'locked' within the program.
- Image Support: Must support images.
- Organizable: Should allow restructuring of page hierarchies 'on the fly,' similar to moving chapters around in a book.
- Layout: Must support complex layouts (like Wikipedia's infoboxes and column support)
- Templates: Should be able to create reusable templates for different types of data (e.g., "Person" or "Place" templates).
- Content Management: Ability to manage content easily, such as adding a logo to the app's library and inserting or "Updating All Instances" on any page.
- Variables & Text 'Snippets': Allow for reusable text snippets (e.g., email or contact lists) and variables (e.g., "main_character_name") that can be inserted into and "Update All Instances" on any page.
Nice To Have (Optional) Features: - Graph Support: e.g., Graphviz or similar.
- Math Support: e.g., LaTeX or similar.
- Programming Support: Ability to write code within pages and have it execute when rendered.
- Mobile Support & Sync: Ability to upload & sync the knowledge database to a phone over persoanl WiFi
Thank you for any & all help!
submitted by
just_a_person_1 to
software [link] [comments]
2024.05.07 12:24 SnaKeZ83 Update on my "waterproof" junction box
2024.05.07 09:11 jordiobdotcom Amazon Invoice Generator: the best 13 free apps
| The payment process is one of the most crucial elements of any business. The ideal Amazon invoice creation tool should be simple to use, send, and track –among other things. Finding the perfect Amazon invoice generator for you implies that you won't have to spend a too much of your time putting together the ideal invoice: all you'll have to do is to fill in the blanks on a pre-existing Amazon invoice template, which makes things quite a lot easier. In this post, we've gathered the best free Amazon VAT invoice creators available nowadays. Each one has its own set of advantages and drawbacks that we go through in depth here to assist you in making an informed selection. By the way, every software listed below also works as an amazon receipt generator, so you can create both Amazon bills and Amazon receipts. The Best 13 Free Amazon Invoice Generators Choose from one of the following top 13 free Amazon invoice generators. Jotform offers a free professional invoice template online service including 3 different templates where you can include your data: invoice number and date, billing information, your personal data, a product list with quantity and unit price and more. All the info is editable and you can remove or create new fields. By using Jotform's invoice generator, both you and your customers can easily submit order details, e-signatures, and payments directly through their mobile devices. The app can b e easily shared or embedded in your website, and responses can be automatically generated into PDF invoices that can be shared in a single click. Pros - Jotform includes a drag-and-drop which builder makes it easy to create a customized invoice.
- Customers can submit order details, e-signatures, and payments directly through Jotform's app
- Can be easily customized without any coding required
- Responses can be automatically generated into PDF invoices
- Custom PDFs and printable invoices can be generated automatically
Cons - Of course, as it's a 100% free service, the app may not have every single feature or customization option that a business may need.
https://preview.redd.it/r3kg0lczeyyc1.png?width=1002&format=png&auto=webp&s=5b1695f9322eae334cff8051590a864ef69510f1 Invoice Generator is a free tool that lets you create exceptionally beautiful invoices and send them to your clients. In addition to being free, creating an invoice is as easy as it gets: you don't even have to sign up to do so. Its service is quite easy to use, partly thanks to their simple step-by-step instructions guide that walks you through the whole process. Pros - There is no need to sign up. You can create and download invoices without giving away your data.
- You can download your invoices as PDFs to keep them in your records or send them online to clients or business partners.
- An unlimited number of invoices may be created with this tool.
- Step-by-step invoicing guide included.
Cons - Recurring payments are not allowed with the free plan.
- You must have the premium version to get credit cards and ACH payments accepted.
https://preview.redd.it/1ihdr321fyyc1.png?width=1158&format=png&auto=webp&s=47c9c74defd6eff69886db41ad8aaee70d796f86 Billdu offers a simple and free invoice generator but if that is not enough, you can also make use of their featured packed invoicing app trusted by more than 550.000 small businesses and it's free for 30 days! - Supports: Invoices, estimates, pro forma invoices, purchase orders, delivery notes, credit notes and recurring invoices
- Straightforward interface: creating an invoice is as easy as filling a form with the business details and payment options
- Fully customizable business profile, payment options, branding
- Clients manager (works for all the countries)
- Drag and drop expenses manager (simply drag your bills and you're good to go!)
- Portfolio services and products manager
- Includes a pre-built website/sales page
- And an appointment manager, in case you're selling online or offline services
- Native integration with Paypal and Xero. If you need extra integrations there's a full documented API
- You can manage your account from the Android or iOS app, how cool is that?
- Manage your external team by inviting your accountants by mail
https://preview.redd.it/kesodd12fyyc1.png?width=1431&format=png&auto=webp&s=941dd4fd36a9323bc5bc02c604999ee512121e5c With a website that generates invoices like the ones we've mentioned above, producing just one invoice may take a significant amount of effort. This is OK for companies with only a few orders, but it's time-consuming and tedious for companies with a high volume of orders. AMZFinder is an all-in-one solution for running a successful Amazon business. This automated Amazon VAT invoice maker allows customers to customize their invoices and have them delivered automatically once they've been set up. - Get one single account to manage many marketplaces and listings.
- Users may send invoices and review request information together with buyers.
- It has a simple, easy-to-use user interface that makes generating and sending Amazon VAT invoices very quick and straightforward.
It's true that generating invoices is a big part of any company, but it doesn't have to be time-consuming or hard to do. And you can do a lot more with AMZFinder than simply creating an Amazon VAT invoice. It's the top Amazon VAT invoice maker available for all Amazon sellers. https://preview.redd.it/5lm4vsw2fyyc1.png?width=1025&format=png&auto=webp&s=af6521fecd2306b91ce2ba6221e89f357795dc9b If you're searching for a free service that provides more features than the typical invoice generator, the Online Invoice Generator could be what you're looking for. Not only it provides you with beautiful online templates to customize: it also offers you a platform that allows you to get paid online. The platform connects to PayPal, Authorize.Net, eWay, and other payment systems to help you get payments in a faster and more convenient way. Pros - It's free to use, and you can set up invoices without signing up.
- There are many Amazon invoice layouts to choose from, all of them tailored to different types of companies.
- You are allowed to print, download or send the invoice –all for free.
- Payment integration with other platforms makes getting payments easier.
Cons - You must first set up an account in order to use additional payment functionalities.
Zoho Invoice is a simple and very easy-to-use tool to create invoices for your company. Signing up is completely free, and after signing up, you can generate your first Amazon VAT invoice in a matter of minutes. But Zoho Invoice is much more than just that. It also offers a complete process with several benefits, such as the capacity to keep track of your invoices online. Pros - The free version makes it possible for you to send up to 5 client invoices.
- The free account also offers you time and expense tracking.
- You will get improved control over your invoicing thanks to its multi-currency support and its customer portal.
- Recurring invoices may be sent to your clients.
Cons - To use the service, you must first create an account on Zoho.
- You may send up to 5 invoices per month for free, tops.
https://preview.redd.it/chns0wx3fyyc1.png?width=1158&format=png&auto=webp&s=84aaee86ac798957183b0118ab01f7177a08f22c Invoicely is an invoicing tool that stands out for providing you with an unlimited amount of invoices for free. So if this is what you're looking for, this is your tool. Invoicely's templates are very easy to use. All you have to do is fill in the details on the invoice template and then save the invoice as a PDF or send it online to your clients. Pros - You may create and send an unlimited amount of invoices for free.
- All its templates can be customized as you wish and are very easy to use.
Cons - It is mandatory to sign up in order to make the most of the tool.
- The free plan does not include advanced features such as integrations with PayPal and other payment platforms.
Free invoice Generator is the solution to your invoicing problems. With its extreme simplicity, it allows you to create and download your invoices easily, with none of the issues that come from tools with too many features. You may quickly develop an online invoice with all of the information you need, download it, and send it to your clients using this tool. Pros - There are no requirements to join and it is totally free.
- You are allowed to generate and send an unlimited amount of invoices.
Cons - It offers no extra features such as client monitoring or integration with online payment systems.
- It does not allow you to send invoices to clients directly, only downloading them.
https://preview.redd.it/08sbozw4fyyc1.png?width=1158&format=png&auto=webp&s=c8b2853904513081e8cf49d381763ca5fa438d40 Invoice Simple, as the name implies, allows you to create and send invoices for free and very easily. The process couldn't be more straightforward: you just have to fill out the invoice data on a pre-filled online template, and then email it to clients, download it, print it out and send it to clients, or make it available as a web-based invoice. Pros - It's totally free to use and lets you make as many invoices as you want.
- Additional data like quotes, customers, and products may be added automatically to any invoice.
- You may email or download the invoice.
Cons - Signing up is required to use the service.
- It lacks sophisticated features such as invoice monitoring and payment platform integration.
Shopify is one of the most well-known names in e-commerce. And it offers a variety of free tools to assist online companies. Shopify's free invoice generator is one of these tools, and it may be used to generate thoroughly detailed online invoices for free. And the best part is that using it is beyond easy. All you have to do is fill out the invoice template and either send it to your clients through email or save it on your computer. Pros - It is 100% free, and in order to generate invoices with the service, you don't need to be a Shopify customer.
- You may personalize the template as much as you want, including the option of adding your logo.
- The invoice can be emailed to clients or downloaded.
- There is no limited amount of invoices you can generate.
Cons - Some advanced features found on other invoice creation tools are missing, such as invoice tracking.
https://preview.redd.it/0sy5g116fyyc1.png?width=1158&format=png&auto=webp&s=6e17a7a64594aaec3d864052a12afec3ee35c4dc FreshBooks Cloud Accounting's free invoice maker is another easy method to set up invoices for your Amazon business. With it, you may quickly produce company invoices that can then sent via email or downloaded as a PDF. On top of it, you don't even need to sign up to create an invoice, a process that with this tool couldn't be any more simple and quick. Pros - It is a completely free tool. There is no need to sign up to use the service.
- An unlimited number of invoices can be produced.
- The invoice may be personalized as you wish, even with your company logo.
- When the consumer receives the invoice, you will get a notification.
Cons - Additional features like payment tracking and integration are missing.
You may use the Free Invoice Builder to create invoices in only a few minutes, since it offers you with a service that generates templates. It takes only a few minutes to set up the invoice, and the tool is totally free. You may immediately add your company logo and other client information to the invoice. Invoices may be stored on the site or downloaded as PDF, depending on your preferences. Pros - The tool is quick and simple to use to create invoices.
- You don't need to sign up in order to download an invoice as a PDF.
- Personalizing templates with your clients data is very easy, and you may add as much data as needed.
Cons - You must create an account to save invoices.
- The service does not include additional features, such as payment monitoring or a consumer portal.
13. Waveapps Waveapps is an accounting software for small bussinesses featuring a free invoice generator that works for Amazon Seller Central, eBay and more sales channels thanks to its Zapier integration. Waveapps' Amazon invoice generator is totally free to use and you can brand and customize your invoices. Pros - Quick, simple and free.
- Create custom and branded invoices.
- Integrate payment options into your invoices thanks to the Waveapps payment process platform.
- Send auto reminders to your clients so they don't forget to pay.
Cons - You must create an account to save invoices.
- It has more features available, but some of them are paid.
https://preview.redd.it/1va4dxq7fyyc1.png?width=1889&format=png&auto=webp&s=806c3ab779fe5d83d0516fed335777c3a0e3fefa Source submitted by jordiobdotcom to AmazonFBAOnlineRetail [link] [comments] |
2024.04.29 21:58 nocsi FreeIPA kerberos shares are now possible with TrueNAS Scale
And no I'm not talking about the LDAP configurations as made available in Credentials > Directory Services. I could never get that to work, especially not with macOS clients.
My setup is to create a fedora jail through jailmaker (use the podman template), passthrough /dev/zfs and install the zfs-utils for fedora. Next you join the new fedora jail as a freeipa-client, install and run freeipa-samba-client. There's some other stuff you'd have to figure out, such as ACLs on the zfs shares and avahi. The key is being able to run freeipa-samba to configure samba in the correct way that can actually authenticate to the freeipa host.
Here's my samba configuration:
[global] aio max threads = 2 # Limit number of forked processes to avoid SMBLoris attack max smbd processes = 1000 # Use dedicated Samba keytab. The key there must be synchronized # with Samba tdb databases or nothing will work dedicated keytab file = FILE:/etc/samba/samba.keytab kerberos method = dedicated keytab # Set up logging per machine and Samba process log file = /valog/samba/log.%m log level = 3 # We force 'member server' role to allow winbind automatically # discover what is supported by the domain controller side server role = member server obey pam restrictions = yes unix password sync = yes passwd program = /usbin/passwd %u passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\password:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* . pam password change = yes realm = NOCSI.ORG netbios name = PODMAN workgroup = NOCSI # Local writable range for IDs not coming from IPA or trusted domains # use spnego = no # client ntlm auth = yes # client ntlmv2 auth = no idmap config * : range = 0 - 0 idmap config * : backend = tdb idmap config NOCSI : range = 1228400000 - 1228599999 idmap config NOCSI : backend = sss ldap group suffix = cn=groups,cn=accounts ldap machine suffix = cn=computers,cn=accounts ldap ssl = off ldap suffix = dc=nocsi,dc=org ldap user suffix = cn=users,cn=accounts # ldap admin dn = cn=Directory Manager ldap admin dn = uid=podman,cn=sysaccounts,cn=etc,dc=nocsi,dc=org ldap passwd sync = no wins support = yes domain master = no local master = no preferred master = no socket options = TCP_NODELAY IPTOS_LOWDELAY SO_RCVBUF=131072 SO_SNDBUF=131072 use sendfile = true load printers = no log file = /valog/samba/log max log size = 100000 # domain logons = yes # domain master = yes registry shares = Yes disable spoolss = Yes #passdb backend = ldapsam:ldap://idm.nocsi.org passdb backend = ipasam:ldap://podman.nocsi.org ldap://idm.nocsi.org # security = ads security = USER create krb5 conf = No rpc_daemon:lsasd = fork rpc_daemon:epmd = fork rpc_server:tcpip = yes rpc_server:netlogon = external rpc_server:samr = external rpc_server:lsasd = external rpc_server:lsass = external rpc_server:lsarpc = external rpc_server:epmapper = external ldapsam:trusted = yes vfs objects = shadow_copy2 acl_xattr catia fruit streams_xattr map acl inherit = yes acl_xattr:ignore system acls = yes shadow: snapdir = .zfs/snapshot shadow: sort = desc shadow: format = -%Y-%m-%d-%H%M shadow: snapprefix = ^zfs-auto-snap_\(frequent\)\{0,1\}\(hourly\)\{0,1\}\(daily\)\{0,1\}\(weekly\)\{0,1\}\(monthly\)\{0,1\} shadow: delimiter = -20 fruit:encoding = native fruit:metadata = stream fruit:zero_file_id = yes fruit:nfs_aces = no fruit:advertise_fullsync = true fruit:aapl = yes fruit:copyfile = no fruit:model = MacSamba client max protocol = default client min protocol = SMB2_02 server max protocol = SMB3 server min protocol = SMB2_02 # min protocol = SMB2 template homedir = /home/%U template shell = /bin/bash # Default homes share [homes] comment = Home Directories valid users = %S, %D%w%S browseable = No read only = No inherit acls = Yes spotlight backend = elasticsearch [TMBackup] aio write size = 0 path = /mnt/spool/timemachine/%U mangled names = illegal #valid users = %S, %D%w%S valid users = %U, @smb_users force user = %U # valid users = %S #write list = @smb_users # durable_handles = yes kernel oplocks = no kernel share modes = no posix locking = no vfs objects = acl_xattr catia fruit streams_xattr ea support = yes browseable = Yes spotlight = Yes writable = Yes printable = no read only = No inherit acls = Yes fruit:posix_rename = yes fruit:zero_file_id = yes fruit:veto_appledouble = no fruit:wipe_intentionally_left_blank_rfork = yes fruit:delete_empty_adfiles = yes fruit:time machine = yes fruit:resource = file fruit:metadata = netatalk fruit:locking= netatalk fruit:encoding = native fruit:time machine max size = 2 T nfs4:acedup = merge nfs4:chown = true fruit:volume_uuid = 636e4d36-bc76-4159-96d7-928990b823ce root preexec = /etc/samba/scripts/create_user_time_machine.sh %U create mask = 0664 directory mask = 0755 force directory mode = 0700 create mode = 0600 force create mode = 0600 access based share enum = yes hide unreadable = yes [User] path = /mnt/spool/users/%U valid users = @smb_users writable = yes browseable = yes read only = no root preexec = /etc/samba/scripts/create_user_share.sh %U
I can write a formal guide if needed. But this should be enough information for anyone that's banged their head over trying to get TrueNAS scale to work with FreeIPA
tl;dr
- Passthrough zfs directly to fedora jail
- Join fedora jail to freeipa realm
- Configure samba with kerberos/ldap
- Configure ZFS ACLs
- Configure Avahi/mdns for macOS clients
submitted by
nocsi to
truenas [link] [comments]
2024.04.27 23:52 PmMe_YourProblems Framework Mainboard Case Modification
| TL;DR I am attempting to create something very similar to this. Though rather than encasing the entire tablet around a Bezel, I want to case to be "stand alone". I don't know how to modify the given .stl files to open up the back right port. My current solution I have turned my Framework 13 into a touchscreen tablet with a monitor suited for gaming. I am using the Framework Coolermaster Case and have mounted it to the back (picture 1), plugged into data/video with a USB 4 adapter (picture 2). The issue is the Coolermaster case does not provide space for the Framework Battery (picture 3), meaning I have to carry around a power brick anytime I want to use the tablet. My better (potential) solution! I would like to 3d print a case to hold the battery, and be able to mount it onto the back of the monitor using the Vesa mount (picture 4). The problem I have not used 3d modeling software before and have been attempting to figure out how to modify existing stil files to fit exactly what I need. Though I am extremely new to this and have no idea what I'm doing. Rather than reinvent the wheel and make my own case, whatthefilament has made their own case that I would like to print myself. The issue is the top right USB port is covered (so that they can plug in the video), though I would like that port exposed. A similar example can be found, though for whatever reason it does not encase the entire battery. What do I need The only thing I need done is for somebody to take the existing back_case.stl file and open up the back right port such that it is exposed like the other 3. I don't assume this is a terribly difficult inquiry, though honestly I don't know. Please let me know if this is possible. 1. Current "Solution" (not including external power) 2. Framework USB 4 Adapters 3. Battery included 4. 75x75mm Vesa Mount submitted by PmMe_YourProblems to 3Drequests [link] [comments] |
2024.04.27 13:54 GoodPostureGuy Initial Alexander Technique approach to human posture
Hi everyone,
I have been requested by
u/Intrepid_Ice1247 to summarise in my own words what the Initial Alexander Technique (IAT) is about and it's approach to dealing with posture.
Originally posted on
Posture but re-posted here for bigger reach (hope that's ok).
It's a vast topic, so I'll try my best to take on this challenge. I would really appreciate if I could get a feedback as to how well all of you understood the following explanation (or not). Happy to clarify in comments. When commenting, please include a note whether you have heard of IAT for the first time, or whether you have any previous knowledge.
Originally developed by Frederick Mathias Alexander and later further explained into detail by Jeando Masoero.
IAT is what we call "constructive conscious guidance and control of the individual".
"constructive conscious" means that any changes to ones posture are first consciously reasoned out in a way that is constructive. In other words, it's our ability to construct concepts in our mind that when reasoned out can be to our benefit
"guidance" is the part of the process when we use the reasoned constructs to direct, or instruct our parts of the mechanism to move in a more desirable way
"control" is the part of the process where we visually check whether we managed to achieve to move the parts of the mechanism the way we intended
According to IAT, the resulting posture of an individual depends on relative movements of the parts of the mechanism.
By mechanism, we mean the entire human body (for simplicity, think the musculoskeletal system - toe to head).
By parts, we mean the individual bones articulated with each other [main breakdown would be: lower limbs, torso, which is further divided into lower (pelvis), upper torso (ribcage), mid torso (spine and abdominal cavity inbetween the pelvis and ribcage), upper limbs, neck and head].
Under normal circumstances, people don't really consciously think about these movements. They just consider their posture to be the way it is. If we don't use our conscious reasoning as to which part should be in which relative position to the other parts, we are left with what's called unconscious movements of the parts. The parts are still being "instructed" by our minds only not consciously. Another way we refer to it is habitual movements. These habitual movements stem from our feelings (sensory appreciation). Normally, we just move the way we FEEL is best for us.
The main discovery of F.M.Alexander is the fact that these habitual movements are wrong. In the sense that if feelings are all we rely on in order to guide our movements, we generally end up with a mechanism that isn't working satisfactorily. We end up with poor posture and mechanism that isn't working as it should.
To solve this problem, we can learn to substitute the habitual movements with the reasoned ones. We can literally engineer what should be the desired posture (and therefore how should each part move in relation to the rest of the parts). We can disregard our sensory appreciation and guide ourselves with movements leading to a better functioning mechanism.
How does IAT know what is a "desired posture"?
Originally, it was through study of Greek statues (with an extremely astute representation of human mechanism) and later on it has been supported by today's knowledge of anatomy, physics and mechanics. Credit goes to Jeando Masoero.
How does the IAT represent posture?
We use bones to identify the position of each part in relation to each other and in relation to an external reference (plumb line / wall typically). Reason being that bones do not change shape when they move around (as opposed to muscles or other soft tissues).
How does IAT measure posture?
We don't rely on feelings. Instead we depend on visual feedback, nowadays we use cameras. A simple recording / snapshot of a entire human being (toe to head) on a camera allows us to use measuring tapes, rulers, plumb lines and protractors to exactly identify a position of each part in space. This approach is also absolutely objective. Once a person is photographed, there is no denial of which part is at which position.
My "short" introduction into IAT is already pretty long, so I will stop here. However, for those interested, I encourage you to ask questions, which I will happily address. Based on those questions, I may edit the original post to include questions / answers in the post itself.
Thanks for your input.
submitted by
GoodPostureGuy to
posturepals [link] [comments]
2024.04.27 13:46 GoodPostureGuy Initial Alexander Technique approach to human posture
Hi everyone,
I have been requested by
u/Intrepid_Ice1247 to summarise in my own words what the Initial Alexander Technique (IAT) is about and it's approach to dealing with posture.
It's a vast topic, so I'll try my best to take on this challenge. I would really appreciate if I could get a feedback as to how well all of you understood the following explanation (or not). Happy to clarify in comments. When commenting, please include a note whether you have heard of IAT for the first time, or whether you have any previous knowledge.
Originally developed by Frederick Mathias Alexander and later further explained into detail by Jeando Masoero.
IAT is what we call "constructive conscious guidance and control of the individual".
- "constructive conscious" means that any changes to ones posture are first consciously reasoned out in a way that is constructive. In other words, it's our ability to construct concepts in our mind that when reasoned out can be to our benefit
- "guidance" is the part of the process when we use the reasoned constructs to direct, or instruct our parts of the mechanism to move in a more desirable way
- "control" is the part of the process where we visually check whether we managed to achieve to move the parts of the mechanism the way we intended
According to IAT, the resulting posture of an individual depends on relative movements of the parts of the mechanism.
By mechanism, we mean the entire human body (for simplicity, think the musculoskeletal system - toe to head).
By parts, we mean the individual bones articulated with each other [main breakdown would be: lower limbs, torso, which is further divided into lower (pelvis), upper torso (ribcage), mid torso (spine and abdominal cavity inbetween the pelvis and ribcage), upper limbs, neck and head].
Under normal circumstances, people don't really consciously think about these movements. They just consider their posture to be the way it is. If we don't use our conscious reasoning as to which part should be in which relative position to the other parts, we are left with what's called unconscious movements of the parts. The parts are still being "instructed" by our minds only not consciously. Another way we refer to it is habitual movements. These habitual movements stem from our feelings (sensory appreciation). Normally, we just move the way we FEEL is best for us.
The main discovery of F.M.Alexander is the fact that these habitual movements are wrong. In the sense that if feelings are all we rely on in order to guide our movements, we generally end up with a mechanism that isn't working satisfactorily. We end up with poor posture and mechanism that isn't working as it should.
To solve this problem, we can learn to substitute the habitual movements with the reasoned ones. We can literally engineer what should be the desired posture (and therefore how should each part move in relation to the rest of the parts). We can disregard our sensory appreciation and guide ourselves with movements leading to a better functioning mechanism.
How does IAT know what is a "desired posture"? Originally, it was through study of Greek statues (with an extremely astute representation of human mechanism) and later on it has been supported by today's knowledge of anatomy, physics and mechanics. Credit goes to Jeando Masoero.
How does the IAT represent posture? We use bones to identify the position of each part in relation to each other and in relation to an external reference (plumb line / wall typically). Reason being that bones do not change shape when they move around (as opposed to muscles or other soft tissues).
How does IAT measure posture? We don't rely on feelings. Instead we depend on visual feedback, nowadays we use cameras. A simple recording / snapshot of a entire human being (toe to head) on a camera allows us to use measuring tapes, rulers, plumb lines and protractors to exactly identify a position of each part in space. This approach is also absolutely objective. Once a person is photographed, there is no denial of which part is at which position.
My "short" introduction into IAT is already pretty long, so I will stop here. However, for those interested, I encourage you to ask questions, which I will happily address. Based on those questions, I may edit the original post to include questions / answers in the post itself.
Thanks for your input.
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GoodPostureGuy to
Posture [link] [comments]
2024.04.24 14:28 bjorken22 The Speaker Endgame Guide for Headphones – HRTF, Impulcifer, Dolby Atmos and more
Introduction If you've delved into the realms of both headphones and speakers, you may have discovered that speakers offer a more immersive and, some argue, superior audio experience. Even Sean Olive, a renowned figure in the Harman headphone field, has said he generally prefers to listen to his speakers. There are many different “virtualization”-software that tries to emulate speaker sounds for headphones but if you’ve tried any of these, you’ll likely have found the result to sound quite horrible.
Fortunately, there's Impulcifer, a program made by
u/jaakkopasanen, the guy behind AutoEQ. Impulcifer stands as a free alternative to the expensive solution Smyth Realizer A16, which carries a hefty price tag of $4,695 USD or 5,490 EUR. While it lacks certain features like headtracking and support for Dolby Atmos formats beyond 5.1.2, Impulcifer is still very impressive and more flexible than the A16.
I've assembled this guide for my own future reference and decided to share it here in case others are willing to embark on this journey. Beware though that it will cost you blood, sweat and tears (well not quite but it’ll cost you money, time, and a whole lot of patience). Yet, the rewards are substantial. In the end, you'll get audio quality surpassing even great speaker setups.
Here's why Impulcifer surpasses traditional speakers:
- Elimination of Room Modes: Unlike speakers, headphones aren't affected by room acoustics, allowing for correction of nulls that speakers can't address.
- Subbass without expensive sub: It is far easier to get headphones playing sounds down to 20 Hz than it is for a subwoofer. Subwoofer generally needs to be big and / or expensive to get down to 20 Hz at higher volumes.
- Virtual Room Treatment: Impulcifer can digitally reduce reverb time, eliminating the need for physical room treatment.
- Neighbor-Friendly Volume: Headphones enable louder listening without disturbing neighbors or other people in the household, unlike traditional speakers.
Following this guide, you can recreate a "true" 2.0, 5.1.2 (Dolby Atmos), or 7.1 setup within your headphones, free from the limitations associated with conventional speakers. By customizing to your own Head-Related Transfer Function (HRTF), the result is an audio experience indistinguishable from a high-end speaker setup, setting it apart from other virtual surround solutions for headphones.
Recommended Equipment - Headphones: Preferably comfortable open-back ones. Closed backs and uncomfortable headphones will work but may not provide the same illusion of a true speaker setup. I use the HD600, HD800, and Focal Clears.
- Speaker: A single decent speaker is sufficient. Recommended: Swissonic speakers from Thomann.de, particularly the A3- and V-series. These models offer excellent quality for their price. (Refer to measurements by ErinsAudioCorner for A305 and A306.)
- 7.1 Surround DAC (DAC): Can be either an internal PC soundcard or an external device. A stereo DAC suffices for emulating a stereo speaker setup, but this guide will assume you have a 7.1 capable DAC. I use the onboard Realtek audio on my motherboard.
- Headphone Amplifier (HP Amp): Can be integrated into the DAC. Note that Impulcifer requires a stronger Amp than traditional headphone usage if you wish to avoid clipping in all circumstances. I use the FiiO K7 which is “just enough” on the unbalanced output.
- Windows PC: Impulcifer works on Mac and Linux, but this guide requires EqualizerAPO, which is only available on Windows.
- In-ear Binaural Microphones (IEBM): Small IEBMs are essential to fit inside ear canals for personalized HRTF capture. It’s important that they truly are inside the ear canal for the best results. I use a Soundman OKM I with the Soundman D1 interface. OKM Mics, however, needs to be modified to work. I cut off the spikes and sandpapered them down until I could fit them inside my ear canals.
- Room Measurement Microphone (RMM): The go-to option here is the Umik-1 from MiniDSP.
- Microphone Stand: A simple, inexpensive stand suffices. Fasten RMM using tape and zip ties if necessary.
- Marker for Ear Position: Creativity is key. Example: Use sewing thread across the room to mark the exact ear position at the MLP. There is also a webcam alternative over at the Impulcifer guide.
- Bass Shakers: Optional for enhanced enjoyment and subwoofer emulation. I use the Bass Pump III 4 ohm shakers.
- Subwoofer Amplifier: Optional. Recommended power: 50W or higher. (Example: Fosi Audio M04 100W Amplifier)
- AVR: Necessary for decoding Dolby Atmos and DTS:X signals and height channels. Full set of pre-outs required. eARC is necessary if you wish to use your TV as a source. I use the Denon X4400H.
- Audio Interface: Necessary to transfer decoded signals from AVR back to PC. Requires 8+ inputs. (Example: Behringer UMC 1820, which also works as 2x decently strong headphone amplifiers). It would theoretically work with multiple Audio Interfaces that has fewer inputs, but I haven’t tried this personally. Don’t worry about the Analog-to-Digital conversion as this shouldn’t have any noticeable effect on sound quality so long as the Audio Interface is of decent quality.
Cables: - RCA/Aux cables – For connecting the DAC to speakers and amplifiers, and the Audio Interface to the AVR.
- Speaker cables – For connecting the Bass shakers to the Subwoofer amplifier.
- USB-C cable – For connecting the RMM to the PC.
- HDMI cable – For connecting the PC or TV to the AVR.
Software: - Equalizer APO
- HeSuvi
- Unlimited VST-plugin
- VB-audio Matrix
Cost Estimate: The cost will depend on what you already have. Provided that you already have a headphone setup and a PC, all you need is a 7.1 Surround DAC, a pair of IEBM and a Microphone stand (approximate cost 150-200 euros). Unless you already have a sufficient AVR the cost to get Atmos will be expensive, however. The cheapest option for that will be buying used and getting the most inexpensive eARC Atmos AVR with pre-outs you can find.
Step 0 – Preparation - Ensure all necessary equipment and programs are properly installed and functioning. Confirm that you have everything required to complete the process without interruption.
- Familiarize yourself with the REW program if you haven't already. Explore all panels and settings to orient yourself.
- Familiarize yourself with the EqualizerAPO program and the Configuration Editor if needed. Review all options and settings, ensuring correct installation and functionality. Consider removing PeaceGUI if installed, as this guide does not incorporate it and potential interference may occur.
- Review the Impulcifer guide (https://github.com/jaakkopasanen/Impulcifer) and the HeadFi Thread (https://www.head-fi.org/threads/recording-impulse-responses-for-speaker-virtualization.890719).
- Position your speakers where you'll primarily listen to the headphones. Ideally, place them at ear height in the room's center for symmetry. Set up a stool or chair at the MLP (Main Listening Position) for easy observation in all directions with your head and body aligned. To properly capture your HRTF you need to turn your whole body and not just your head when looking at different directions.
Now you're prepared to begin the guide.
Step 1 – In-ear Microphone Calibration For accurate measurements, calibrate your in-ear microphones using the following steps:
- Obtain your calibrated RMM file from the manufacturer's website.
- Input your RMM calibration file into REW.
- Position your in-ear microphones next to your RMM using zip ties or tape for stability.
- Play a sine sweep on your speaker and measure the response with the RMM.
- Repeat the process with the left in-ear microphone.
- Utilize “Trace Arithmetic” to subtract the first measurement from the second to obtain calibration values for the IEBM.
- Export the calibration values as a .txt or .csv file and input this calibration file for your left in-ear microphone in REW.
- Repeat steps 5-7 for the right in-ear microphone.
Now you have a pair of calibrated in-ear microphones ready for use in REW. Do note that IEBM aren’t necessarily accurate above 7 kHz and especially above 10 kHz.
Step 2 – Speaker Calibration While not strictly necessary, calibrating your speaker will enhance accuracy and make later steps easier:
- Create an RTA measurement around the MLP in REW by playing full-range pink noise. Recommended RTA settings: Mode: RTA 1/48 octave, Smoothing: 1/12 smoothing, FFT Length: 64k, Averages: Forever, Window: Rectangular, Max Overlap: 50%
- Appearance: Check "Use bars on RTA," "Adjust RTA levels," and "Show peak SPL for tone bursts."
- Determine your preferred house curve, such as Harman's speaker curves or a traditional -1 dB per octave tilt (resulting in a -10dB tilt from 20 Hz to 20 kHz). Import this curve into REW.
- Create EQ filters in REW to match the response to your chosen house curve.
- Export the filter settings as text and use them to calibrate your speaker in EqualizerAPO.
Now you have a calibrated speaker ready for further measurements.
Step 3 – Finding your Personal HRTF This step isn’t necessary if you're using Impulcifer for headphone correction. However, if you plan to use different headphones with Impulcifer or desire a traditional EQ profile tailored to your HRTF, then follow these steps:
- Position yourself at the MLP (Main Listening Position), insert your IEBM, and measure your speaker response with your left and right ears individually. Average these measurements.
- Mark the exact spatial location of each ear. Consider using a mic stand or any creative method.
- Place your IEBM at the marked positions and measure the left IEBM at the location of your left ear, then repeat for the right IEBM and right ear. Average these measurements.
- Divide ("A / B") the first averaged measurement by the second averaged measurement, apply 1/12 smoothing.
- Export the resulting measurement as "HRTF.txt" or "HRTF.csv".
Congratulations! You now have your personalized HRTF (for sounds directly in front of you).
Step 4 – Creating a Personal Headphone Target Curve Assuming you have generated a HRTF.txt or .csv file and identified a preferred house curve, follow these steps to create a headphone target curve tailored to your HRTF:
- Import your HRTF.txt file as a frequency response.
- Import your preferred house curve as a frequency response.
- Combine ("A * B") the two measurements.
- Export the resulting measurement as "Headphone Target Curve.txt".
You now possess a personalized headphone target curve suitable for use with any over-ear headphones.
Step 5 – EQ’ing your Headphones
With your personal headphone target curve established, you can now adjust your headphones' EQ to match your speakers' tone closely:
- Measure each headphone earcup individually with your IEBM.
- If channel imbalances are negligible, average the two measurements; otherwise, perform separate EQ adjustments for each channel.
- Under the EQ tab, import your personal headphone target curve as a house curve. Create PEQ filters to align your headphones with your house curve.
- Export the resulting filters as .txt and import them into APO using the Configuration Editor.
Voila! You now have a personalized EQ profile for your headphones, applicable even with Poweramp Equalizer for Android.
Step 6 – Impulcifer Measurements Now onto the exciting part that generates the HRIR file, which accurately emulates your speakers. I recommend thoroughly reviewing the Impulcifer guide (
https://github.com/jaakkopasanen/Impulcifer) until you feel comfortable with all the instructions.
- Follow the installation steps outlined in the Impulcifer guide to set up everything you need: Git, Python 3.8 (note that newer versions may not work), and Microsoft Visual C++.
- The Impulcifer guide allows for either a 7.1 speaker setup, a stereo setup, or a mono speaker setup for measurements. I personally suggest using the single-speaker setup to ensure maximum symmetry between the different channels.
- Decide on the type of speaker setup you want to emulate. If you're aiming for a 7.1 setup, you can use the angles provided in the Impulcifer guide. For a 5.1.2 or 5.1 setup, I recommend following the Dolby guidelines available here instead (https://www.dolby.com/about/support/guide/speaker-setup-guides/5.1.2-overhead-speaker-setup-guide/). Note that I use a 20–25-degree angle for the front speakers instead of the traditional 30 degrees, as I've found the latter to create a too wide front stage when used with Impulcifer. Similarly, I prefer a narrower setup for height channels compared to Dolby's recommendations, but this is a matter of personal preference.
- Using a protractor, mark the locations where you'll be positioned when taking measurements. Below is an example assuming a 5.1.2 setup, but the same principle applies to a 7.1 setup as well:
- 25° to the right of the speaker
- 0° facing the speaker
- 25° to the left of the speaker
- 110° to the left of the speaker
- 25° to the right of the speaker, just in front of the Main Listening Position (MLP) on the floor
- 25° to the left of the speaker, just in front of the MLP on the floor
- 110° to the right of the speaker
- Open CMD and start Python using the following commands:
cd Impulcifer venv\Scripts\activate
- Insert your IEBM and position yourself at the MLP. Now, proceed to take measurements with Python:
o FL (Front Left) – Look 25° to the right of the speaker
python recorder.py --play="data/sweep-seg-FL-stereo-6.15s-48000Hz-32bit-2.93Hz-24000Hz.wav" --record="data/my_hriFL.wav"
o C (Center) – Look directly at the speaker
python recorder.py --play="data/sweep-seg-FL-stereo-6.15s-48000Hz-32bit-2.93Hz-24000Hz.wav" --record="data/my_hriFC.wav"
o FR (Front Right) – Look 25° to the left of the speaker
python recorder.py --play="data/sweep-seg-FL-stereo-6.15s-48000Hz-32bit-2.93Hz-24000Hz.wav" --record="data/my_hriFR.wav"
o SR (Surround Right) – Look 110° to the left of the speaker
python recorder.py --play="data/sweep-seg-FL-stereo-6.15s-48000Hz-32bit-2.93Hz-24000Hz.wav" --record="data/my_hriSR.wav"
o TMR (Top Middle Right) – Look 25° to the left of the speaker, just in front of the MLP on the floor
python recorder.py --play="data/sweep-seg-FL-stereo-6.15s-48000Hz-32bit-2.93Hz-24000Hz.wav" --record="data/my_hriTMR.wav"
o TML (Top Middle Left) – Look 25° to the right of the speaker, just in front of the MLP on the floor
python recorder.py --play="data/sweep-seg-FL-stereo-6.15s-48000Hz-32bit-2.93Hz-24000Hz.wav" --record="data/my_hriTML.wav"
o SL (Surround Left) – Look 110° to the right of the speaker
python recorder.py --play="data/sweep-seg-FL-stereo-6.15s-48000Hz-32bit-2.93Hz-24000Hz.wav"
Step 7 – HRIR-file Generation with Impulcifer To generate the HRIR-file, follow these steps within the Impulcifer tool:
1: Navigate to the "my_hrir" folder within Impulcifer and locate the "TMR.wav" and "TML.wav" files.
2: Rename "TMR.wav" to "BR.wav" and "TML.wav" to "BL.wav" to align with Impulcifer's processing of channels as rear surround channels.
3: Next, execute the following command to commence processing:
python impulcifer.py --test_signal="data/sweep-6.15s-48000Hz-32bit-2.93Hz-24000Hz.pkl" --dir_path="data/my_hrir" --target_level=-12 --no_room_correction --no_headphone_compensation --fs=48000 --decay=200 --plot
Here's what each parameter does:
- target_level: Sets a target gain for the HRIR-file to avoid clipping. -12 will avoid clipping for most circumstances. It doesn’t really matter though as a preamp can be used in APO later regardless.
- no_room_correction: Skip room correction as it was previously applied in step 2 and will be further adjusted in REW in step 8.
- no_headphone_compensation: No headphone compensation applied to create a general profile. Since this guide aims to create a general profile that can be used with different headphones, no headphone correction is desired. You also have the EQ profile from step 5 that can be used in tandem with the HRIR-file for the same results.
- fs: Sets the sample rate of the HRIR-file. Unless you have a very specific reason to change it the default of 48000 should be fine. There aren’t any audible differences between sample rates.
- decay: Adjusts reverberation time to personal preference. This parameter lets you cut down on reverberation time. I can’t tell you what decay-value is best because it is dependent on preference and how your particular speaker measurements. I’ve personally found a value of 200 to work well because it cuts down on bass ringing without reducing the reverb too much.
- plot: Generates plots for measurement visualization. They aren’t strictly necessary but very useful if you want to troubleshoot or are simply curious about your measurements.
- Additional commands and information are available in the Impulcifer guide.
4: Rename the newly generated “hesuvi.wav” file to something appropriate: for example, “5.1.2 Decay 200.wav”
5: In APO, activate HeSuVi by adding the "hesuvi.txt" file (located here: C:\Program files\EqualizerAPO\config\HeSuVi) to APO's Configuration Editor
before your headphone EQ-filters.
6: Copy the renamed "5.1.2 Decay 200.wav" file to "C:\Program Files\EqualizerAPO\config\HeSuVi\hrir".
7: Open the HeSuVi GUI and select “5.1.2 Decay 200”.
Now, you'll experience speaker-like sound from your headphones, creating an immersive listening experience.
Step 8 – Fine-tuning with REW While optional, fine-tuning in REW can enhance your headphone sound further. Potential room modes captured by Impulcifer can be mitigated. A lack of sub-bass can also be fixed.
- In REW, with both headphone EQ and HeSuVi enabled in APO, measure FL and FR speakers with each IEBM separately.
- You now have 4 measurements. Sum ("A + B") the measurements of FL and FR speakers respectively. Then average these two summated measurements.
- Match the combined speaker response to your Personal Headphone Target Curve in the EQ tab, addressing any room modes and sub-bass deficiencies.
- Export the PEQ-filters as .txt.
- Import the PEQ-filters into APO, ensuring they're placed after HeSuVi in APO's Configuration Editor
Now, enjoy an enhanced audio experience surpassing traditional speakers when using headphones.
Step 9 – Setting up Atmos Routing This step is exclusively for those opting for the Atmos route.
1: Connect your source (PC or TV) to your AVR using HDMI. Ensure Dolby Atmos is installed from the Windows store if using a PC. Set the AVR as the default audio device in Windows to transmit Dolby Atmos properly.
2: Ensure all settings in the AVR are neutral: no EQ, compression, or level differences between channels. Set speakers to Large without any crossovers, maintaining equal distances between speakers. Configure your AVR to match your surround setup, e.g., 5.1.2 with a pair of Top Mid Speakers.
3: Connect the pre-outs on your AVR to the inputs on your Audio Interface. For UMC 1820, follow these suggested routings:
- FL > 1
- FR > 2
- FC > 3
- LFE > 4
- Height L > 5
- Height R > 6
- SL > 7
- SR > 8
4: Open VB-Audio Matrix, select your Audio Interface under ASIO Devices, and your Surround DAC under Windows devices. Choose WDM if ASIO isn’t available; MME works but with higher latency and processing costs.
5: Press the Matrix button and route channels accordingly:
- 1 > FL
- 2 > FR
- 3 > FC
- 4 > LFE
- 5 > BL (Height L)
- 6 > BR (Height R)
- 7 > SL
- 8 > SR
6: Select the lowest buffering values for your devices without audio dropouts. The lowest possible values has been working for me, i.e. 8 samples (with safe mode) for ASIO UMC 1820 and 128 samples for WDM for the 7.1 Surround DAC.
With these steps completed, you’ll enjoy “true” Dolby Atmos just like a proper 5.1.2 setup.
Step 10 – Setting up Bass Shakers Bass shakers are optional but recommended for an enhanced immersion.
- Connect your shaker(s) to the Subwoofer Amp, then connect the Subwoofer Amp to the LFE channel output on your Surround DAC.
- In APO Configuration Editor, after HeSuVi, route all channels to LFE using the Copy-function.
- Set up a Low-pass filter using either PEQ Filters or a variable Graphic EQ. I suggest having the shaker play up to 50 Hz, but your mileage may vary depending on preferences, the shaker’s instalment, and the shaker’s quality.
- Use the Channel-function in APO, selecting all channels except LFE, and place a decay function under the channel function.
- Adjust the decay function in APO until shakers feel synchronized with headphone bass. You can play a song with a steady bass line to make it easier, for example the beginning of Sam Smiths “In the City”. When the shakers are poorly matched, they will feel “slower” and more “rumbly”. If they are well matched the shakers will feel more “tight” and “punchy”. In my experience, the shakers will likely be quite late compared to the headphones. I personally use a decay of 102 ms on all channels but the shakers
Done! You will now have an improved bass sound that feels punchy like at the club and in the movie theatres.
Extra 1 – Nearfield Impulcifer Measurements With your APO setup effectively emulating speaker sound in headphones at the Main Listening Position (MLP), it's important to note the nuances of psychoacoustics. The HeSuVi-profile might not perfectly replicate the sound when sitting very close to the supposed source, like a computer or phone screen. In such cases, creating an additional HeSuVi-profile with Impulcifer can be beneficial. Another scenario is when you need a dry sound, especially for competitive FPS games like Valorant, where hearing subtle details is crucial.
In addition to my regular profile, I've developed a nearfield profile by conducting measurements at less than 0.4 meters. This yields a dry "headphone sound" that maintains a sense of space while enhancing localization, akin to a surround setup. For this profile, emulating a 7.1 speaker setup suffices.
To create this nearfield HeSuVi-profile, replicate Step 2 and Steps 6-8, ensuring the speaker is positioned very close to you. It's advisable to use smaller bookshelf speakers, as larger tower speakers may pose challenges in providing a single point source. Ideally, consider using coaxial speakers such as KEF speakers although smaller bookshelf speakers also work well.
Extra 2 – Different Speaker Setups Consider creating a 7.1 profile alongside a 5.1.2 profile, allowing you to switch between them based on content type. For example, you can use the 5.1.2 profile for movies and series and the 7.1 profile for games that don't support Atmos. Take additional measurements under Step 6, organizing them into distinct folders for rear channels and height channels to avoid confusion in the processing stage.
Moreover, you can craft a 2.0 profile for platforms like JamesDSP on Android by retaining only the "FL.wav" and "FR.wav" files within the "my_hrir" folder and executing the processing command.
Extra 3 – Multiple People The downside of having headphones instead of speakers is that it’s a lonesome experience. Personally, while consuming content with someone else the main attraction isn’t really having the best surround sound, so a regular stereo speaker setup is plenty for that. It is, however, possible to use multiple Impulcifer setups simultaneously. For this you will need another surround DAC (and potentially headphone amplifier). To do this you repeat step 3-8 for the other person. Thereafter, you will need to use VB-Audio Matrix to copy the audio from the first surround DAC to the second one. Note that this can introduce some latency for the second surround DAC. To fix this, you can use APOs decay-function to delay the first surround DAC to match the second one.
Extra 4 – Fixing channel imbalances in REW Ideally, you’d retake the Impulcifer measurements until you get a set of measurements that works just perfectly. This can be difficult though and may take many tries. Some guys over at HeadFi have done upwards of 50+ sets of measurements. Personally, I did around 5-10 sets of measurements before I found out what works best for me. You can try to vary the speaker angle, distance to speaker, different speakers, different speaker placements, etc.
If you want to “fix” (to some extent) an imperfect set of measurement you can use REW to measure individual channels to then match them together. For example, you can measure SL and SR and then EQ the SR to match SL (or vice versa). Note that having a perfectly matched set of opposing channels isn’t necessarily ideal as our ears aren’t necessarily symmetrical.
If you want to measure a particular channel you can use APOs “Copy-function” to route sounds from FL and FR to SL and SR, for example. You should also measure but the left IEBM and right IEBM and then sum (“A + B”) these channels together to get the correct speaker response for that channel.
It’s also possible to fix the timing differences in REW and APO. If you did your measurements with one speaker from the same MLP then this shouldn’t be necessary as all speakers should take the same time to reach your ears. Regardless, you can use the “Use Acoustic Timing Difference” function in REW to measure the delay of different speakers compared to a reference point (the FL speaker for example). You can then fix these delay differences in APO using the “Decay-function”.
Extra 5 – More volume without clipping Firstly, you should adjust the preamp in APO to avoid any red in the analysis panel to ensure no clipping will occur. For stereo content a positive gain of +12 dB won’t produce any clipping as it shows the summation of all channels. If all surround channels (including LFE) play at full blast simultaneously then clipping could occur but this scenario is highly unlikely.
If you want to be safe though you can use negative preamp values to get the peak gain below 0 dB. After that, you can use the VST-Plugin called Unlimited to drive the volume up while avoiding clipping. I use the following settings:
o Thres: -15 dB
o Out: 0 dB
o CenteLFE/Surround: 0 dB
o Character: 0.0
o Response: 1.0
o Monitor: All
Unlimited needs to be placed after HeSuVi inside the APO Configuration Editor. Also, it will show up as +15 dB gain in the analysis panel but don’t worry, Unlimited will compress when necessary to avoid clipping.
Extra 6 – Graphic EQ instead of PEQ Filters If you want to use Graphic EQ instead of PEQ-filters it is possible to do so in REW. Instead of using the EQ panel you will import your target curve as a frequency response measurement. Then you subtract (“A / B”) the response you wish to equalize with the target curve. You now get the calibration file (i.e. Graphic EQ values) that can be exported as a .csv file and then imported to APO or Wavelet for example.
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bjorken22 to
headphones [link] [comments]
2024.04.23 17:02 zootug74 Cartridge alignment for Technics SL-3300?
I have a VM95E/H and I wanted to ensure the cartridge is aligned properly. I do not have access to Vinylengine.com. They are no longer accepting new members. I was hoping someone could help with a printable alignment protractor. If more information is needed please let me know. Any and all help appreciated. Thank you.
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zootug74 to
turntables [link] [comments]
2024.04.22 17:25 Joezev98 Big power mod for external devices
| So I overengineered a solution to power external devices, such as LED strips, fans, or charging your phone, all using the printer's power. https://preview.redd.it/hhvyzoh4j1wc1.jpg?width=4000&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=320e0059d977dcae04333cdcb24e6c2f3829b08e I wanted to make everything as modular as possible. Here's the core of my mod: two dc-dc buck converters to turn 24v into 5v and 12v, with a prototyping board to distribute the incoming and outgoing power. I printed a super basic box to neatly contain them. I used hot glue to attach the pcb's to the box and to attach the box to the printer's shell. A more experienced 3d designer could easily make a box with threaded inserts to attach everything more properly. https://preview.redd.it/7o02xe5al1wc1.jpg?width=2413&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=3eda8036a1d04890bc0a0377996f6144c41750de I used a basic prototyping board to create six rails for the different voltages and 3x ground. I added the black connectors, because I might want to add a switch in between in the future. All connectors are of the JST XH 2.5mm type. Not using switches now, so I just bridge the gap with these tiny jumpers. As the connection between the inside and the outside of the printer, I'm using GX16 connectors, but GX12 would also be a good option. Pinout I'm using: 1=12v, 2&3=ground, 4=ground Here's the final result on the inside: I used 3 external connections, two under the SD-card reader and one behind the screen mount. And then you can make whatever box you want. I made this one with two usb C connectors and two 5.5x2.1mm dc jacks. There's also a 5mm LED in there just as a signal that something is plugged in. I'll also make one cable for a molex and a sata connector, to power pc hardware. https://preview.redd.it/67n0j6k2o1wc1.jpg?width=4000&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=ccf3266735312705cee961ade0347c87ccaa693d Like I said at the start, this is definitely overengineered compared to the small number of devices I'll ever connect simultaneously, but I had a lot of fun tinkering. submitted by Joezev98 to Ender3V3SE [link] [comments] |
2024.04.21 16:08 Optimal_Drink7939 Anyone can help with some updated AliExpress links for below products for FGC9-MK2?
Need these products but cant find in aliexpress… if anyone of you guys help with some links will be very thankful! Tried the links in guide but none of them works!
-1x AR-15 Hammer spring - 1x Steel Dowel Pin, 4mm diameter, 28mm +-2mm long, Recommended Spec/Type: DIN 6325 or DIN 7 - 1x AR-15 Trigger spring - 1x AR-15 Fire control group pin - 1x AR-15 Disconnector spring - 1x AR-15 Fire selector spring - 1x AR-15 Fire selector detent
- 3x Shaft collars DIN 705, 16mm Inner diameter: 16mm Outer diameter: 28mm Width: 12mm
- 1x Shaft collar DIN 705, 3mm Inner diameter: 3mm Outer diameter: 7mm Width: 5mm (Should include a set screw)
- 3x Set Screw M6 DIN 916, 6mm
- 1x AR-15/M4 Buffer Spring
- 1x Compression spring Outer diameter: 6mm
- 1x AR-15 Mag Catch spring
- 1x Compression spring: Outer diameter: 17mm Wire thickness: 2mm +-0.5mm Length: 80mm +-10mm DIN 2095 option: Outer diameter: 17mm Wire thickness: 2.25mm Length: 75mm
- 6x Hex Head Screw M3 DIN 933, 40mm
- 4x Hex Head Screw M3 DIN 933, 20mm
- 10x Socket Head Screw M3, 16mm
- 1x Socket Head Screw M3, 20mm
- 1x Socket Head Screw M3, 12mm
- 1x Socket Head Screw M3, 30mm Cut to 28mm length (Only needed for the 3D-printable Fire Control Group)
- 1x Socket Head Screw M4,30mm
- 1x Socket Head Screw M6, 25mm
- 10x Washer M3 DIN 125
- 4x Nuts M3 DIN 934
6797 External-Tooth Lock Washer M6 DIN
- 4x SL-Type M3 Thread Inserts "Brass Hot Melt Inset Nuts SL-Type" M3 Thread, Diameter: 5mm, Length: 7mm "M3 X D5.0 X L7.0"
- (7x+) 1x per Mag that you want to make
- 1x 5mm Hex/Allen L-Key
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2024.04.16 09:30 iAysu Would you please review this setup?
Hello everyone,
I’m about to migrate to 1Password from Apple iCloud Keychain for some security concerns. First of all is the eggs and basket approach.
I would like you to review and critique my setup for security level, redundancy, convenience and also reliability. I know everybody has a different threat model but as a general approach, I would like to read your comments and contribution. I want to see if I can do something better or if I’m missing out an important part of the setup.
I really appreciate every comment and contribution.
My devices and related components:
Mac mini (M1, with a Apple Touch ID keyboard for passkey usage)
Mac Book Pro (M2 Max has its own Touch ID for passkey usage)
iPad Pro (6th Gen with Face ID for passkey usage and Type-C port for the YubiKey Security Keys)
iPhone 15 Pro Max (Face ID for passkey usage and Type-C port for the YubiKey Security Keys)
3 YubiKey Security Keys (1 YubiKey Bio as my primary/daily usage, 2 YubiKey Security Keys as spares)
1 USB Flash Drive
3 Proton E-Mail/Drive Account (1 for my main Cloud Mgmt Account as Apple ID, 2nd one is recovery e-mail for the 1st one, 3rd one is recovery of the 2nd one.)
Defined Users and Usage of the Devices;
Apple ID and iCloud
I use my primary Proton Account as Apple ID and I use same Apple ID for all of the devices with a 32 characters Apple ID password. Advanced Data Protection has been enabled with 3 YubiKey hardware security keys. Since that there is no way to disable the recovery with SMS for Apple ID and getting a virtual number has several drawbacks overhear where I live, then I bought a new phone with eSIM which is strictly secret and unknown for any party (only me and my wife know the existence of this number) as trusted phone number which is used only for Apple ID. That phone is in a locked secret drawer in my house.
Me and my family use almost everything including Apple E-Mail with custom domains, Apple Notes, iCloud Drive, iCloud Photos etc in my iCloud+ subscription.
Macs:
I have two local users in each Macs; 1st one is My Restricted Standard User (for daily usage) and the 2nd one is My Admin User (I use the admin user for only installing something or giving permission for something)
All 4 users for 2 Macs have unique 24 characters passwords each and Biometrics have been enabled for all of them. So I cannot install any software foreground or background with my daily (restricted standard) user. Whenever I need to install something or give some permissions for anything, I have to login with my admin user or enter admin user password. In that way, I thought that I can prevent "some" parts of the phishing attacks or some attacks when my computer (and/or active user login session) is compromised. I have also hardened the security settings of the Macs such as enabling firewall, blocking all incoming connections, enabling stealth mode, disabling ICMP etc… I maintain all my devices regularly to keep them up to date for the operating systems and the applications. I have also some habits to prevent some minor part of the attacks, such as that I log out from each and every session after I use it on the WEB, I never choose remember me option on the pages, never use public Wi-Fi internet connections, shut down Wi-Fi completely when I'm out of home etc... etc… I backup everything on locally to an encrypted external drive (Time Machine) hourly and end-to-end encrypted Cloud Storage daily (iDrive. The encryption keys have 64 characters each and iDrive account password has 20 characters)
iOS/iPadOS Devices:
Each one has unique 24 characters passcodes (number, symbol, upper-lower cases) which are considered as Fantastic Level passwords by 1Password. I enabled biometrics for every transaction or application which has ability to use the biometrics of the device.
I have also hardened the settings of those devices; such as enabling the Stolen Device Protection, disabling all control centre permissions while device is locked etc…I also hardened my home router at the highest level. Additionally, I configured Wireguard VPN Client on the hardened router. I use paid Proton account for that VPN. So, each and every device at my home including iOS/iPadOS,MacOS,IoT devices etc connecting to the internet through that VPN. I also separated the VLANs on my home network, so no one of the IoT device can access to the 1Password installed devices (iPhone, iPad, Mac)
1Password:
I use my primary Proton Account as my 1Password username. I’ve a 100 characters master password and 2FA enabled with only YubiKey security keys. So it’s impossible to login to a new device without YubiKey security keys even if both of my Secret Key and Password are compromised. So, my username (Proton Account) + Secret Key + Master Password + YubiKey Security Key combination is needed to login to a new device. I have set my 1Password up on all of my devices above mentioned including all of my users (restricted and admin users) for redundancy. I also use my YubiKey security keys each and every account where possible and I defined at least one passkey on all of my digital accounts in the internet where possible to login to them with the passkeys. I tend to use only YubiKey security keys as 2FA and never use phone number and/or Authentication App 2FA “if possible” in any account. If not possible, I define 1Password 2FA built-in app, e-mail 2FA respectively where possible.
Every secret I have for my digital life is being recorded into the 1Password including Passwords, Pass phrases, Passkeys, PINs, Encryption Keys (without the Secret Key of the 1Password account), credit cards, bank accounts, digital banking keys, 2FA Authentication App Codes of the accounts, Backup Recovery Codes of the accounts etc. I know that keeping the 2FA Auth Codes, Backup Recovery Codes and passwords together is not the best approach but in that point for the sake of convenience, I had to accept the tradeoff between the convenience and security level. By the way, I thought I increased the security level of 1Password enough for my threat level. Anyway, it is what it is.
By the way, my watchtower score is 1194 in each of my devices.
Proton Accounts:
3 accounts exist as above mentioned. 1 is primary cloud management account, 2nd is for recovery e-mail, 3rd is the recovery of the recovery (2nd) e-mail. Each has unique 48 and more characters passwords and phone recovery has been disabled for all of them. I use them with YubiKey security keys and 2FA Authentication App (built-in 1Password). Those are the isolated and separated accounts. For example, I use a separate e-mail address for this Reddit account and it's impossible to find out that those accounts belong to the same person. I never use those Proton accounts in anywhere but only important cloud management purposes.
YubiKey Security Keys:
3 YubiKey Security Keys exist. All of them are Type-C keys. I use YubiKey Bio as my primary daily usage. It doesn’t have NFC (I chose that one doesn't have NFC on purpose) and only works with my fingers as biometric authentication. If it’s stolen with my iPhone or iPad, it never works with those mobile devices. So it needs my finger prints to authenticate. By the way, it works with iPhone 15 Pro Max and iPad Pro 6th Gen through their Type-C ports seamlessly.
2nd and 3rd ones are regular YubiKey Security Keys as spares and they are Type-C as well. They have NFC. Additionally, they work with iPhone 15 Pro Max, iPad Pro 6th Gen, Mac Book Pro M2 Max and Mac mini M1 through Type-C ports of them. As they're known, they work with a tap, not biometric control and authentication.
All of them have been PIN protected with unique 3 different 48 characters PINs. 1st one doesn’t request the PIN if I put my finger on it as biometric verification while I use it for 2FA or as passkey.
Backup, Restore and Recovery Basic Plan;
I export 1PUX JSON package (for being a full offline backup) and CSV (for urgent Excel readability and printability) files. I also prepared the Emergency Kit PDF file of 1Password. I added my 100 characters master password of 1Password on that PDF file on the computer environment as well. I put all of those files in a folder and I encrypt them with MacOS built-in folder encryption in AES-256 with a 64 characters key.
I also encrypt the USB Flash Drive with built-in MacOS encryption with a 128 characters key.
I copied that encrypted folder (actually it's an encrypted DMG image file) to my encrypted USB Flash Drive and also copied that encrypted image file to the Proton Cloud Drive which is the sub-service of my main Proton Account.
I have also printed a hardcopy of the CSV and Emergency Kit files. I put those papers in an envelope. I sealed it (with the wax) with my traditional stamp to ensure it has never been opened. I put that envelope into a Fire and Water proof bag.
I gave that bag to one of my friends to keep it in his house. (Friend A, who I mostly trust and lives very close to my house.) I thought that if that bag is stolen, it’s useless for my 1Password, Proton, Apple and other important accounts without YubiKey Security Keys even the thief see the passwords on the hardcopy papers.
I carry the encrypted USB Drive in my daily keychain with my 1st YubiKey Security Key (YubiKey Bio). If both of them are stolen together, they’re useless because of that YubiKey Bio needs my fingerprint to authenticate and the USB Drive is encrypted and also contained folder is encrypted with another secret key. If they’re stolen with my iPhone or iPad, they are useless again because the YubiKey Bio doesn’t work with NFC. And I assume that cracking the 24 Character passcode of the iPhone/iPad nearly impossible.
I put my second YubiKey in a wax sealed envelope and a Fire and Water proof bag and gave it to another of my friends to keep it in his house. (Friend B)
I put my third YubiKey in a wax sealed envelope and a Fire and Water proof bag and put it in my bank deposit box.
I forgot to add; I put the AirTags on each of those bags.
I’m sorry , it’s been kind of long.
I really appreciate each and every contribution to critique the setup.
Thank you so much in advance.
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2024.04.15 14:46 hephaistos_official Hephaistos - Online Character Creator v101
Website:
https://hephaistos.online/ Patreon Ko-fi Redbubble Twitter Hey Everyone, The website has been updated to version 101 with the following improvements and fixes:
Improvements
- Added Gneblin Driftborn as an Alternate Ability Adjustment for Gnomes.
- Renamed the "Print" button on the character sheet to be "Print Detailed Sheet" so it's more descriptive.
- Curses can now be recorded in the Sheet > Afflictions section of the Character, Creature Companion and NPC Sheets.
Bug Fixes
- Fixed incorrect level for item Advanced Pheromap.
- Fixed the BP cost calculation for Training Interface Modules (Starship Other System).
- Fixed issue where multiple installations of the External Expansion Bay Starship system wouldn't actually increase the number of available bays.
- Fixed notes on the printable detailed character sheet not retaining line breaks.
Tactical Encounter Manager
- Combatants in tactical encounter can now be designated as allies or enemies and be assigned a level or CR.
- The APL and total encounter CR are now calculated and shown on the Tactical Encounter Manager sheet.
- Renamed "Position" to "Modifier" in the Tactical Encounter Manager.
- Effects in the tactical encounter manager can now include which combatants created them and which are affected by them.
Starfinder 2E
Only after I'd made the last release post did it occur to me that the date was the 1st of April. So, just in case anyone thought that the Hephaistos 2E announcment was an April Fools' joke, let me reassure you that it most certainly was not. Below is another screenshot of a character built with the new website, this time an Android Mystic.
My current plan is to have the 2E website online and available within the next month or so. It will still be an "alpha" at that point, with bugs aplenty and features missing, but it will be an opportunity for me to get the feedback cycle started early in development.
https://preview.redd.it/pwez43gmhmuc1.png?width=1635&format=png&auto=webp&s=1975f49b4793afe4a9060f46c89c5e8410104b78 submitted by
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2024.04.14 07:05 galvesribeiro External power to RTX 4000 Ada SFF
Hello folks!
I'm modding a Lenovo M920q. I've got the
second M.2 slot in the back enabled and soldered, enabled
PCIe bifurcation, etc.
Now I want to put a GPU on it. My desired go would be a RTX 4000 Ada SFF with a
custom top case made in metal similar to the original one but based on this 3d print models to accommodate the two slot GPU.
I've read somewhere on Reddit that this motherboard can't deliver 70W on the PCI slot. I'm using a i7-8700 (non-T, 65W CPU).
According to the specs it seems that this card doesn't have a power connector exposed so I can't "hack around" an external power supply to compensate the lack of power from the motherboard.
Does anyone ever run an RTX 4000 or A4000 in that machine or a way to mod it to have a power connector?
I'm not looking for gaming. This machine is intent to be part of a homelab cluster so all I care is to have the CUDA cores and memory from that GPU.
The reason I've pick it is because it has a lot of VRAM and uses very little power when compared with tradicional gaming GPUs.
Thanks!
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2024.04.07 23:38 r3crac BANGGOOD Deals (7.4.2024)!
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2024.04.06 13:18 newtonsales Apple Newton 2000 2100 & eMate Interconnect Connection Board USB-C
This is a one of a kind custom produced board that gives you full access to every function available on the Interconnect port for your:
Newton 2000Newton 2100 and eMate 300.
Audio InAudio OutPowerSerial PCSerial MacUSB-C Connectivity
Easily connect your Newton to your desktop computer with a modern USB-C port to exchange data, use your external laptop a keyboard, take screen shots from your Newton and save them on your computer as well as backup up your newton and installing packages.
We also have a complete STL 3D printable housing for this which we can send to you electronically if you would like to encase this as well, its not included with the auction however we have provided photos of what it looks like.
https://www.ebay.de/itm/315252910597 submitted by
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2024.04.03 18:52 woodensubmarines 3D printed case
2024.03.25 23:42 ConnectToCommunity Therapeutic ketosis has helped many...
I am re-posting a post that someone else made because its so good. I have their approval.
'Therapeutic ketosis has helped many, which can be achieved with a medical version of ketogenic diet therapy.
Metabolic Mind is an excellent source of information as are the following psychiatrist-written books
- Brain Energy: A Revolutionary Breakthrough in Understanding Mental Health—and Improving Treatment for Anxiety, Depression, OCD, PTSD, and More (theory behind) Summary - healthy mitochondria leads to improved mental & metabolic health
- Change Your Diet, Change Your Mind: A Powerful Plan to Improve Mood, Overcome Anxiety, and Protect Memory for a Lifetime of Optimal Mental Health - Summary - Great how to's.
Metabolic psychiatry is an emerging field with
credible, real results published in peer-reviewed journals.
Overview - this treatment involves low-cost, low-risk lifestyle changes. Metabolic interventions include
- nutrition & meal timing (biggest impact, so may need to go slow. high saturated fat, low carb. Focus on animal & fruit fats)
- sleep,
- movement / exercise,
- stress control,
- social connection, (Internal world - mindfulness, emotions, thoughts, spirituality, purpose in life. External world - Relationships, experiences, social connection)
- avoiding toxic substances,
- dental hygiene/ gut microbiome diversity (Biggest impact is to brush and floss between your last meal & going to bed)
- Dark & light exposure / circadian rhythms. Sunshine or appropriate light lamp.
These are more work than taking a pill but ~1/3 experience remission, 1/3 improvement. The final 1/3 might not be taking enough metabolic factors into play.
One can take either a cold turkey or a gradual approach, but gradual has fewer side effects. You MUST give each change
3 months before deciding if it is effective. Since you are on prescription meds & have diagnosed conditions you MUST include your clinicians in your journey, or you may wind up worse off & on more meds due to hypomania. Salt/electrolytes help keto flu, but you may need more.
Therapeutic ketosis has also
shown improvement for ADHD, depression, anxiety, OCD & many others. Here are some
printables that you can take to your existing clinicians, including one on
ADHD. Protein sources with therapeutic ketosis can range from omnivore, vegetarian, and carnivore. Vegan WITH supplementation. Some people find additional benefit, especially initially, from a high-fat carnivore ketogenic diet, including ruminants like beef. Bio-individuality is very real so listen to your body.'
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2024.03.20 20:06 Mel_AndCholy Resource Dump!
Last updated 3/22/24 Added energy body section, added to dream work and witchcraft sections
Welcome to my ever changing list of sources! These are all my sources I've used in my writings and research, or have been shared to me(that I feel good about sharing). Sources are located at the bottom of my posts so that you can see where I get the information from instead of just taking some stranger's word for it. I'm of the perspective that knowledge should be free so that individuals can make informed choices about their practice. People can guide you, but when it starts dipping into the territory of fear tactics, withholding, and control it starts to become misguided. Warnings and guides are there for a reason, but no one can govern someone else's practice. Every spiritual practice is unique to the individual. We all have our own perspectives, gifts and talents and that's what makes the world an interesting place. I hope these are helpful.
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2024.03.18 15:31 Electrical_Set7409 MK4 Y axis bearings/rods play?
http://rodzice.org/