Bears doing human things. If it's a real bear and doing something that resembles a human or human activity, it's welcome here.
The community-run and developer-supported subreddit dedicated to Fall Guys – a video game developed by Mediatonic Games which flings hordes of contestants together online in a mad dash through round after round of escalating chaos until one victor remains. Available on PC, PlayStation, Xbox and Nintendo Switch. – Subreddit icon designed by Thegr8Klink
This guy ran three multiple campaigns for my shopify drop shipping store. Two with narrow targeting and one with open targeting, allocating $20/day to each. Now he tried multiple creatives and found one that’s working. He made 3 copies of that same video and is running ads on that under the same adgroup. I asked him why did he do that & he said it’s recommended.
Is he doing it right? Or he’s just dividing the allocated budget which will affect the performance? What do you guys suggest? Should I turn off the copies of the ad and let the beat performing one take the whole budget?
Hello guys looking to sell alot of warhammer items.
Shipping will be bundled for multiple items and is much more worthwhile
Shipping to USA roughly $6-$13 USD average
Shipping to Canada roughly $13.50 - $15 CAD average
I request canadian amounts via paypal USD prices are more for reference
FULL CATALOGUE IN THIS SPREADSHEET. UNITS WILL BE UPDATED HERE REGURLARLY: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1-CkBzUCWCD7lPdyR-KoetrqTZUFANngBDAmcNN45t1k/edit?usp=sharing Pictures
https://imgur.com/a/xEFtUfq Verification
https://imgur.com/a/x95RDeT 10th Edition Rulebook and Cards - new - $41 USD / $55 CAD
Beta Garmon - new sealed - $41 USD / $55 CAD
Solar Auxilia Battle Group - new on sprue - $155 USD / $210 CAD
Solar Aux Command Section - new on sprue - $19.50 USD / $25 CAD
10 Solar Aux LasRilfe Section - new on sprue - $27.50 USD / $35 CAD
Solar Aux Veletaris - new on sprue - $41 USD / $55 CAD
Aethon Heavy Sentinal - new on sprue - $36 USD / $50 CAD
Hermes Sentinal Squadron - new on sprue - $48 USD / $65 CAD
Solar Aux Leman Russ - new on sprue - $48 USD / $65 CAD
Solar Aux Leman Russ Assault Tank - new on sprue - $48 USD / $65 CAD
Malcador Heavy Tank - new on sprue - $66 USD / $90 CAD
Dracosan Armoured Transport - new on sprue - $69 USD / $80 CAD
Solar Auxilia Basilisk / Medusa - new on sprue - $48 USD / $65 CAD
Forces of Fantasy - new - $39 USD / $50 CAD
Ravening Hordes - new - $39 USD / $50 CAD
Orcs and Goblins Battalion - new on sprue - $120 USD / $160 CAD
Black Orc Mob - new on sprue - $55 USD / $75 CAD
Goblin Wo1f Riders - new on sprue - $45 USD / $60 CAD
Knights
Cerastus Knight Lancer - new on sprue - $141 USD / $195 CAD
Cerastus Knight Castigator - new on sprue - $141 USD / $195 CAD
Cerastus Knight Archeron - new on sprue - $141 USD / $195 CAD
IK Canis Rex (full kit) - new on sprue - $130 USD / $170 CAD
IK Crusader - painted tabletop - $151 USD / $210 CAD
IK Paladin - painted tabletop - $151 USD / $210 CAD
IK Errant - Pro Painted - $200 USD/ $270 CAD
IK Gallant - painted well - $166 USD / $230 CAD
Knight Abominant / Desecrator / Rampager - new on sprue - $134 USD / $175 CAD
Chaos Knight Wardogs - new on sprue - $66 USD / $90 CAD
Armigers Warglaives/Helverins - new on sprue - $66 USD / $90 CAD
World Eaters
World Eaters Combat Patrol - new on sprue - $114 USD / $155 CAD
Angron - new on sprue - new on sprue - $117 USD / $160 CAD
Lord Invocatus / Lord on Juggernaut - new on sprue - $48 USD / $65 CAD
Lord Invocatus - painted tabletop - $58 USD / $80 CAD
Eightbound / Exalted Eightbound - new on sprue - $47 USD / $60 CAD
Eightbound / Exalted Eightbound - painted - $38 USD / $50 CAD
Eightbound / Exalted Eightbound - Pro Painted - $85 USD / $115 CAD
Khorne Berzerkers - new on sprue - $47 USD / $60 CAD
Jakhals - new on sprue - $41.50 USD / $55 CAD
Custodes
10th Ed Custodes Codex - new sealed - $43 USD / $55 CAD
10th Ed Custodes Codex - new no code - $33 USD / $40 CAD
10th Ed Custodes Data Cards - new sealed - 27.50 USD / $35 CAD
Custodes Combat Patrol (2024) - new on sprue - $115 USD / $155 CAD
Trajan Valoris - new on sprue - $35 USD / $45 CAD
Trajan Valoris - Pro Painted - $64 USD / $85 CAD
Trajan Valoris - painted well - $44.50 USD / $60 CAD
Valerian and Aleya - new on sprue - $43 USD / $55 CAD
Single Shield Captain - converted - $22 USD / $30 CAD
Single Vertus Praetor on Dawn Egle - new on sprue - $19.50 USD / $25 CAD
Single Vertus Praetor on Dawn Eagle - painted based - $27.50 USD / $35 CAD
5 Custodian Guard - new on sprue - $44.50 USD / $60 CAD
5 Custodian Guard - built/primed/part built - $38 USD / $50 CAD
3 Allarus Custodians - new on sprue - $43 USD / $55 CAD
3 Allarus Custodians - painted well - $58 USD / $80 CAD
3 Allarus Custodians converted w/ 3rd party bits - $51.50 USD / $70 CAD
5 Custodian Wardens - new on sprue - $44.50 USD / $60 CAD
4 Custodian Wardens - painted well - $60 USD / $80 CAD
Sisters of Silence - new on sprue - $41 USD / $55 CAD
Vertus Praetors - new on sprue - $44.50 USD / $60 CAD
3 Vertus Praetors - pro painted - $82 USD / $110 CAD
3 Vertus Praetors - painted well - 70 USD / $95 CAD
3 Vertus Praetors - painted/primed - $41 USD / $55 CAD
Calladius - 3D Printed painted well - $51.50 USD / $70 CAD
Adeptus Sororitas
10th Ed Sororitas Data Cards - new sealed - $15 USD / $20 CAD
9th Ed Sororitas Data Cards - new sealed - $8 USD / $10 CAD
Sister Superior Amalia Novela - painted / built - $27.50 USD / $35 CAD
Morven Vahl - new on sprue - $47 USD / $60 CAD
Morven Vahl - painted well - $65 USD / $85 CAD
Morven Vahl - built - $43 USD / $55 CAD
Ephrael Stern and Kyganil - new on sprue - $43 USD / $55 CAD
Junith Erutia - new on sprue - $43 USD / $55 CAD
Celestine w/ geminae - new on sprue - $47 USD / $60 CAD
Celestine w/ geminae - painted well - $77 USD / $95 CAD
Aestred Thurga - new on sprue - $31 USD / $40 CAD
Canoness Veridyan - built - $19.50 USD / $25 CAD
Canoness - new on sprue - $30 USD / $38.50 CAD
Canoness - painted well - $34 USD / $45 CAD
Canoness - painted - $19.50 USD / $25 CAD
Canoness (combat patrol) - built/primed - $12 USD / $15 CAD
Palantine - new on sprue - $27.50 USD / $35 CAD
Palantine - painted well - $34 USD / $45 CAD
Palantine - painted/primed - $23.50 USD / $30 CAD
Imagifier - painted well - $34 USD / $45 CAD
Imagifier - built - $19.50 USD / $25 CAD
Dogmata - new on sprue - $29 USD / $38.50 CAD
Dogmata - painted well - $38 USD / $50 CAD
Dogmata - built - $23.50 USD / $30 CAD
Dialogous - primed - $27.50 USD / $35 CAD
Hospitaller - new on sprue - $31 USD / $40 CAD
Hospitaller - primed - $27.50 USD / $35 CAD
Celestian Sacresants - new on sprue - $47 USD / $60 CAD
5 Celestian Sacresants - painted well - $68 USD / $90 CAD
5 Celestian Sacresants - built/primed/painted - $38 USD / $50 CAD
3 Paragon Warsuits - painted/built - $48 USD / $65 CAD
Battle Sisters - new on sprue - $47 USD / $60 CAD
10 Battle Sisters - painted well - $71 USD / $95 CAD
10 Battle Sisters - painted tabletop - $57 USD / $75 CAD
10 Battle Sisters - built/painted/primed - $38 USD / $50 CAD
Novitiates - new on sprue - $47 USD / $60 CAD
10 Arcoflagellants - built - $34 USD / $45 CAD
Repentia - new on sprue - $43 USD / $55 CAD
10 Repentia - primed/painted - $34 USD / $45 CAD
Seraphim/Zephyrm - new on sprue - $47 USD / $60 CAD
5 Zephyrim - painted well - $67 USD / $90 CAD
5 Seraphim/Zephyrim - painted tabletop - $48 USD / $65 CAD
5 Seraphim - built/primed/painted - $34 USD / $45 CAD
SIngle Penitent Engines / Mortifiers - built/primed/painted - $19.50 USD / $25 CAD
Mortifiers - Pro Painted - $71 USD / $95 CAD
Retributors - new on sprue - $47 USD / $60 CAD
5 Retributors - painted well - $63 USD / $85 CAD
5 Retributors - painted/built/primed - $38 USD / $50 CAD
Sisters Rino - new on sprue - $43 USD / $55 CAD
Sisters Rino - painted well - $63 USD / $85 CAD
Sisters Rino - built - $38 USD / $50 CAD
Triumph of St. Catherine - new on sprue - $86 USD / $115 CAD
Immolator - primed - $52 USD / $70 CAD
Castigator - new on sprue - $68 USD / $90 CAD
Castigator - built/painted - $60 USD / $80 CAD
Castigator - missing rear tracks - - $52 USD / $70 CAD
Exorcist - new on sprue - $68 USD / $90 CAD
Votann
Votann Combat Patrol - new on sprue - $117 USD / $155 CAD
9th Ed Codex Cards + Tokens - new - $12 USD / $15 CAD
Ancestors Wrath - new in box - $30 USD / $40 CAD
Uthar the Destined / Kahl - new on sprue - $19.50 USD / $25 CAD
Uthar the Destined / Kahl - painted - $15 USD / $20 CAD
Kahl - painted well - $25 USD / $35 CAD
Einhyr Champion - new on sprue - $30.50 USD / $38.50 CAD
Einhyr Champion - painted tabletop - $30.50 USD / $38.50 CAD
Einhyr Champion - painted - $22 USD / $30 CAD
Grimnyr - new on sprue - $34 USD / $45 CAD
Grimnyr - painted well - $34 USD / $45 CAD
Brokhyr Iron Master - new on sprue - $41 USD / $55 CAD
Brokhyr Iron Master - painted well -$41 USD / $55 CAD
Brokhyr Iron Master - painted - $39.50 USD / $50 CAD
Hearthguard - new on sprue - $44.50 USD / $60 CAD
5 Einhyr Hearthguard - painted well - $65 USD / $90 CAD
Cthonian Berserks - painted/primed - $39.50 USD / $50 CAD
10 Hearthkyn Warriors - new on sprue - $34 USD / $45 CAD
10 Hearthkyn Warriors - painted/primed - $25 USD / $35 CAD
10 Hearthkyn Warriors - painted well - $65 USD / $90 CAD
3 Hernkyn Pioneers - new on sprue - $48 USD / $65 CAD
3 Hernkyn Pioneers - painted/primed - $41 USD / $55 CAD
3 Hernkyn Pioneers - painted tabletop - $48 USD / $65 CAD
3 Hernkyn Pioneers - painted well - $74 USD / $100 CAD
Sagitaur - new on sprue - $48 USD / $65 CAD
Sagitaur - missing canopy - $39.50 USD / $50 CAD
Brokyhr Thunderkyn - new on sprue - $41 USD / $55 CAD
3 Brokyhr Thunderkyn - painted tabletop - $61 USD / $85 CAD
3 Brokyhr Thunderkyn - primed/painted - $39.50 USD / $50 CAD
Land Fortress - new on sprue - $84 USD / $110 CAD
Land Fortress - primed - $72 USD / $100 CAD
Orks
10th Ed Orks Codex - new sealed - $43 USD / $55 CAD
10th Ed Orks Codex - new no code - $30 USD / $40 CAD
10th Ed Orks Codex - code only - $19.50 USD / $25 CAD
10th Ed Orks Data Cards - new sealed - 27.50 USD / $35 CAD
Orks Combat Patrol (2024) - new on sprue - $115 USD / $155 CAD
Orks Dice - new sealed - $28 USD / $35 CAD
KT Ork Kommandos Dice - new sealed - $28 USD / $35 CAD
Ufthak Blackhawk - new sealed - $34.50 USD / $45 CAD
Grotmas Gitz - new in box - $30 USD / $40 CAD
Da Red Gobbos Surprise - new in box - $30 USD / $40 CAD
Warboss w/ Mega Armor (combat patrol) - primed - $28 USD / $35 CAD
Warboss w/ Mega Armor (combat patrol) - painted well - $48 USD / $65 CAD
Converted Warboss - painted well - $45 USD / $60 CAD
Ghazghkull and Makari - new on sprue - $51.50 USD / $70 CAD
OOP Ghaz - painted well - $45 USD / $60 CAD
Mozrog Skragbad / Beastboss on Squig - new on sprue - $43 USD / $55 CAD
Beastboss on Squig - Pro Painted - $73.50 USD / $100 CAD
Beastboss on Squig - painted well - $58 USD / $80 CAD
Zodgrod Wortsnagga - new on sprue - $34 USD / $45 CAD
Zodgrod Wortsnagga - built/painted - $28.50 USD / $35 CAD
Deff Killa Wartrike - new on sprue - $43 USD / $55 CAD
Deffkilla War Trike - painted well - $65 USD / $90 CAD
Big Mek w/ shokk atk gun - Pro Painted - $51 USD / $70 CAD
Converted Warboss on bike - painted well - $23.50 USD / $30 CAD
Snikrot - new on sprue - $30 USD / $40 CAD
OOP Metal Snikrot - painted well - $51 USD / $70 CAD
Weirdboy - Pro Painted - $53 USD / $65 CAD
Painboss - new on sprue - $30 USD / $40 CAD
OOP Metal Painboy - painted well - $41 USD / $50 CAD
5 Burna boyz - painted well - $41 USD / $50 CAD
3 Mega Nobz - painted/primed - $44.50 USD / $60 CAD
3 Mega Nobz - painted tabletop - $55 USD / $75 CAD
5 Nobz - painted/primed - $23.50 USD / $30 CAD
5 Nobz - painted tabletop - $30 USD / $40 CAD
10 Kommandos (Octarius) - part built/painted/primed - $43 USD / $55 CAD
10 OOP Kommandos - painted well - $59 USD / $80 CAD
10 Beast Snagga Boyz - new on sprue - $43 USD / $55 CAD
10 Beast Snagga Boyz - primed/built/painted - $41 USD / $50 CAD
10 Ork Boyz (New) - new on sprue - $41 USD / $50 CAD
10 Ork Boyz (New) - primed - $30 USD / $40 CAD
10 Ork Boyz (shootas) - painted well - $37 USD / $50 CAD
10 Ork Boyz (shootas) - built/primed/painted - $28.50 USD / $35 CAD
10 Ork Boyz (Sluggas) - painted tabletop - $36.50 USD / $45 CAD
10 Gretchin w/ runtherd - painted - $15 USD / $20 CAD
10 Gretchin - painted tabletop - $23.50 USD / $30 CAD
10 OOP Gretchin w/ runtherd - painted well - $30 USD / $40 CAD
10 Gretchin w/ runtherd - Pro Painted - $30 USD / $40 CAD
3 DeffKoptas (new) - new on sprue - $48 USD / $65 CAD
3 DeffKoptas (new) - painted well - $77 USD / $105 CAD
5 OOP Deffkoptas - painted well - $67 USD / $90 CAD
Squighog boyz w/ Smasha Squig - new on sprue - $48 USD / $65 CAD
3 Squighog boyz w/ Smasha Squig - painted - $37 USD / $50 CAD
3 Squighog boyz - painted well - $65 USD / $85 CAD
Rukkatrukk Squigbuggy - new on sprue - $43 USD / $55 CAD
Rukkatrukk Squigbuggy - primed/built - $41 USD / $50 CAD
Kustom Boosta Blasta - new on sprue - $43 USD / $55 CAD
Shokkjump Dragsta - new on sprue - $43 USD / $55 CAD
Megatrakk Scrapjet - new on sprue - $43 USD / $55 CAD
Boomdakka Snazzwagon - painted well- $55 USD / $75 CAD
5 OOP Ork Warbikers - painted tabletop - $52 USD / $70 CAD
OOP Ork Buggies - painted tabletop - $23.50 USD / $30 CAD
Stormboyz - new on sprue - $28.50 USD / $38.50 CAD
5 Stormboyz - built - $23.50 USD / $30 CAD
5 Stormboyz - painted tabletop - $34 USD / $45 CAD
5 Stormboyz - Pro Painted - $52 USD / $70 CAD
5 lootas/Burnas - new on sprue - $28.50 USD / $38.50 CAD
5 Lootas - painted/primed/built - $23.50 USD / $30 CAD
Mek Gunz - new on sprue - $43 USD / $55 CAD
Mek Gunz - built/primed - $36.50 USD / $45 CAD
Flashgitz - new on sprue - $44.50 USD / $60 CAD
Deff Dread - new on sprue - $48 USD / $65 CAD
Deff Dread - painted tabletop - $51 USD / $70 CAD
Deff Dread - painted/primed - $43 USD / $55 CAD
OOP Metal Deff Dread - painted tabletop - $41 USD / $50 CAD
Single Killa Kan - painted - $12 USD / $15 CAD
Kill Rig / Hunta Rig - new on sprue - $100 USD / $135 CAD
Kill Rig / Hunta Rig - primed/built - $90 USD / $120 CAD
Kill Rig - painted well - $165 USD / $220 CAD
Battlewagon (full kit) - new on sprue - $78 USD / $115 CAD
Battlewagon - Pro Painted - $150 USD / $220 CAD
Battlewagon - painted well - $85 USD / $115 CAD
Looted Russ - painted well - $34 USD / $45 CAD
Morkanaut / Gorkanaut - painted well - $140 USD / $190 CAD
KIll Krusha Tnk - $255 USD / $350 CAD
Stompa - Pro Painted - $185 USD / $255 CAD
Stompa - primed - $91 USD / $125 CAD
Burna Bommer (full kit) - new on sprue - $60 USD / $80 CAD
Dakkajet/Burna Bomber - painted well - $75 USD / $100 CAD
Wazbom / Dakkajet - painted - $53 USD / $65 CAD
Tau
10th Ed Tau Codex and Cards - new - $51 USD / $70 CAD
10th Ed Tau Codex and Cards - new no code - $41 USD / $55 CAD
10th Ed Tau Cards - new - $15 USD / $20 CAD
Tau Empire Dice - great - $30 USD / $40 CAD
Tau Kroot Hunting Pack - new on sprue - $161 USD / $220 CAD
Tau Kroot Hunting Pack - models only - $125 USD / $170 CAD
Tau Combat Patrol (2024) - new on sprue - $115 USD / $155 CAD
Farsight (2023) - new on sprue - $48 USD / $65 CAD
OOP Farsight - painted well - $38.50 USD / $50 CAD
Shadownsun (New) - new on sprue - $40 USD / $55 CAD
Shadownsun (New) - painted tabletop - $48 USD / $65 CAD
OOP Shadowsun - built - $15 USD / $20 CAD
Commander Suit - new on sprue - $45 USD /$60 CAD
Commander Suit - Pro Painted - $75 USD / $100 CAD
Commander Suit - painted well - $41 USD / $55 CAD
Commander Suit - built/painted - $34 USD / $45 CAD
Commander Suit - converted need tlc - $30 USD / $40 CAD
OOP Commander Suit - damaged - $20 USD / $25 CAD
Darkstrider (new) - new on sprue - $27.50 USD / $35 CAD
Dark Strider (New) - built - $22 USD / $30 CAD
OOP Darkstrider - Pro Painted - $34 USD / $45 CAD
OOP Metal Tau Ehereal - painted - $15 USD / $20 CAD
Ethereal w/ Honorb1ade - damaged - $8 USD / $10 CAD
Ethereal on Hover Drone - new on sprue - $20 USD / $25 CAD
Ethereal on Hover Drone - painted well - $30 USD / $40 CAD
Ethereal on Hover Drone - painted - $12 USD / $15 CAD
2 Aunva Bodyguard - built - $12 USD / $15 CAD
Cadre Fireb1ade - new on sprue - $22 USD / $30 CAD
Cadre Fireb1ade - primed/painted - $20 USD / $25 CAD
Kroot Lone Spear - new on sprue - $41 USD / $55 CAD
Kroot Warshaper - new on sprue - $22 USD / $30 CAD
Kroot Trailshaper - new on sprue - $27.50 USD / $35 CAD
Kroot Fleshshaper - new on sprue - $20 USD / $25 CAD
Stealth Suits - new on sprue - $27.50 USD / $35 CAD
3 Stealth Suits - painted well - $30 USD / $40 CAD
3 Stealth Suits - painted/built - $22 USD / $30 CAD
Ghostkeel - new on sprue - $68 USD / $90 CAD
Ghostkeel - painted - $56 USD / $75 CAD
Farstalker Kinband - new on sprue - - $45 USD /$60 CAD
3 XV8 Crisis Suits - needs tlc - $45 USD /$60 CAD
10 Fire WarrioBreachers (full Kit) - new on sprue - $41 USD / $55 CAD
10 Fire Warriors/Breachers - painted red - $41 USD / $55 CAD
10 Fire Warriors/Breachers - painted - $34 USD / $45 CAD
DS 8 Support turret - painted/primed - $4 USD / $5 CAD
Kroot Carnivore Squad - new on sprue - - $41 USD / $55 CAD
Tau Prhana - new on sprue - $30 USD / $40 CAD
Tau Prhana - painted - $23 USD / $30 CAD
Firestrike marksman w/ 3 sniper drones - painted - $30 USD / $40 CAD
Pathfinders (New) - new on sprue - $41 USD / $55 CAD
10 Pathfinders (New) - built - $34 USD / $45 CAD
10 Pathfinders - painted - $27.50 USD / $35 CAD
6 Assorted Drones - painted/built/primed - $12 USD / $15 CAD
Kroot Hounds - new on sprue - $30 USD / $40 CAD
2 Tetras - built - $15 USD / $20 CAD
Krootox Rider - new on sprue - $34 USD / $45 CAD
Krootox Rampagers - new on sprue - $45 USD /$60 CAD
Broadside - new on sprue - $45 USD /$60 CAD
Broadside - primed - $38.50 USD / $50 CAD
OOP Metal Broadside - painted - $27.50 USD / $35 CAD
Riptide - new on sprue - $86 USD / $115 CAD
Riptide - painted/primed - $80 USD / $100 CAD
Riptide - painted needs TLC - $65 USD / $85 CAD
Hammerhead / Sky Ray - new on sprue - $53 USD / $70 CAD
Hammerhead - painted - $45 USD /$60 CAD
Devilfsh - new on sprue - $41 USD / $55 CAD
Stormsurge - new on sprue - $132 USD / $175 CAD
Cadia Stands (Complete) - new - $135 USD / $180 CAD Astra Militarum 9th Ed Codex and Cards - $12 USD / $15 CAD Astra Militarum 9th Ed Codex and Cards - damaged cover - $12 USD / $10 CAD Astra Militarum Combat Patrol - new on sprue - $116 USD / $155 CAD Cadian Upgrades 2023 - new on sprue - $27.50 USD / $35 CAD Lord Solar Leontus - new on sprue - $46 USD / $60 CAD Ursula Creed - new on sprue - $34 USD / $45 CAD Ursula Creed - painted - $30 USD / $38.50 CAD Minka Lesk - new in box - $34 USD / $45 CAD Commissar Yarrick - painted well - $45 USD / $60 CAD Cadian Castellan - new on sprue - $30 USD / $38.50 CAD Cadian Castellan - painted well - $38.50 USD / $50 CAD Commissar 2023 - new on sprue - $30 USD / $38.50 CAD Commissar 2023 - painted well - $38.50 USD / $50 CAD Commissar 2023 - painted - $23 USD / $30 CAD Officio Prefectus Commissar - new on sprue - $12 USD / $15 CAD Officio Prefectus Commissar - painted wel - $19.50 USD / $25 CAD Officio Prefectus Commissar - painted/built - $8 USD / $10 CAD Primaris Psyker (New) - new on sprue - $23 USD / $30 CAD Primaris Psyker (New) - primed - $19.50 USD / $25 CAD OOP Metal Primaris Psyker - painted well - $38.50 USD / $50 CAD OOP Metal Primaris Psyker - built - $15 USD / $20 CAD 3 Wyrdvayne Psykers - built/primed - $15 USD / $20 CAD Gaunts Ghosts - new on sprue - $58 USD / $70 CAD Gaunts Ghosts - built - $48 USD / $65 CAD Assorted Company Commanders - painted/built - $8 USD / $10 CAD Catachan Company Commander - built - $8 USD / $10 CAD Cadian Command Squad (New 2023) - new on sprue - $23 USD / $30 CAD Command Squad (New Cadia Stands) - built/painted - $15 USD / $20 CAD OOP Metal Company Commmanders - painted - $15 USD / $20 CAD Sly Marbo - primed - $23 USD / $30 CAD Sgt Harker - pro painted - $38.50 USD / $50 CAD OOP Metal Catachan Company Commander - painted - 15 USD / $20 CAD 3 Ogryn - part built - $38.50 USD / $50 CAD 10 Kasrkins - built - $38.50 USD / $50 CAD Single OOP Metal Stormtrooper special weapon - Pro Painted - $30 USD / $40 CAD Veteran Guardsman (Krieg) - new on sprue - $45 USD / $60 CAD 10 Cadians (New 2023) - new on sprue - $30 USD / $40 CAD 10 Cadians (New Cadia Stands) - painted well blue - $38.50 USD / $50 CAD 15 Cadians - painted well blue - $34 USD / $45 CAD 10 Guardsman - painted/built/primed - $15.50 USD / $20 CAD OOP Metal Special Weapon Guardsman - painted/built - $8 USD / $10 CAD Rough Riders - new on sprue - $45 USD / $60 CAD 5 Rough Riders - primed - $38.50 USD / $50 CAD Sentinal (New 2023) - primed - $28.50 USD / $38.50 CAD Sentinal - primed/painted - $27.50 USD / $35 CAD 2 Field Ordnance - new on sprue - $41 USD / $55 CAD 2 Field Ordnance - primed - $34 USD / $45 CAD Heavy Wep Squad (New 2023) - new on sprue - $38.50 USD / $50 CAD Heavy Wep Squad (2023) - painted - $30 USD / $40 CAD Heavy WEp team (per base) - painted/built - $7.5 USD / $10 CAD Wyvern/Hydra - new on sprue - $45 USD / $60 CAD Wyvern - painted/built - $38.50 USD / $50 CAD Leman Russ - painted tabletop - $48 USD / $65 CAD Leman Russ - painted/built - $44.50 USD / $55 CAD Rogal Dorn - new on sprue - $72 USD / $95 CAD Rogal Dorn - built - $63 USD / $85 CAD Chimera - new on sprue - $44.50 USD / $55 CAD Chimera - painted/built - $38.50 USD / $50 CAD Valkyrie - new on sprue - $66 USD / $90 CAD
Primaris Space Marines
Adeptus Astartes Dice - great condition - $27.50 USD / $35 CAD
Iron Hands Dice - new - $39.50 USD / $50 CAD
Ravn Guard Dice - new - $39.50 USD / $50 CAD
Space Marines Spearhead Force - new on sprue - $180 USD / $240 CAD
Black Library Cpt Messinius - new in box - $30 USD / $40 CAD
Guilliman - new on sprue - $52 USD / $70 CAD
Sgt Castus - new in box - $44.50 USD / $60 CAD
Primaris Shrike - new on sprue - $34 USD / $45 CAD
Primaris Calgar (full kit) - new on sprue - $44 USD / $60 CAD
Primaris Calgar only - painted well - $44 USD / $60 CAD
Primaris Tigurius - new on sprue - $34 USD / $45 CAD
Primaris Tigurius - painted tabletop - $34 USD / $45 CAD
Tor Garradon - new on sprue - $34 USD / $45 CAD
Primaris Kosarro Khan - new on sprue - $34 USD / $45 CAD
Custom Primaris Smash Captain - Pro Painted - $44.50 USD / $60 CAD
Captain in Terminator Armour (Leviathan) - new on sprue - $19.50 USD / $25 CAD
Librarian in Terminator Armour (Leviathan) - new on sprue - $12 USD / $20 CAD
Librarian in Terminator Armour (Leviathan) - painted - $12 USD / $15 CAD
Liutenant (Leviathan) - new on sprue - $19.50 USD / $25 CAD
Liutenant (Leviathan) - primed - $12 USD / $20 CAD
Gravis Cpt - new on sprue - $30 USD / $40 CAD
Gravis Captain (Dark Imperium) - primed - $23.50 USD / $30 CAD
Gravis Captain (Dark Imperium) - painted fists - $30 USD / $40 CAD
Gravis Captain (Dark Imperium) - painted ultras - $39.50 USD / $50 CAD
Gravis Cpt w/ Heavy Bolt - new on sprue - $30.50 USD / $38.50 CAD
Primaris Cpt w/ Jump Pack - new on sprue - $30 USD / $40 CAD
Primaris Captain - new on sprue - $32 USD / $38.50 CAD
Primaris Captain (Indomitus) - built/painted - $27.50 USD / $35 CAD
White Scars HQ w/ Jump pack - painted well- $27.50 USD / $35 CAD
White Scars Primaris LT - painted - $12 USD / $15 CAD
Captain in Phobos Armor - new on sprue - $30.50 USD / $38.50 CAD
Captain in Phobos Armor - built/primed - $23.50 USD / $30 CAD
Primaris LT Agastus - new on sprue - $27.50 USD / $35 CAD
Primaris LT Agastus - primed - $19.50 USD / $25 CAD
Primaris LT (Indomitus) - new on sprue - $19.50 USD / $25 CAD
Primaris LT (Indomitus) -primed/painted - $12 USD / $20 CAD
Primaris LT phobos armor - built/primed - $23.50 USD / $30 CAD
Primaris LT w/ Power swrd - new on sprue - $27.50 USD / $35 CAD
Primaris LT w/ Power swrd - painted fists - $19.50 USD / $25 CAD
Primaris LT (Dark imperium) - built - $23.50 USD / $30 CAD
Primaris Chaplain - new on sprue - $27.50 USD / $35 CAD
Primaris Chaplain on bike - new on sprue - $41 USD / $55 CAD
Chaplain in Terminator Armour - new on sprue - $34 USD / $45 CAD
Primaris Librarian - new on sprue - $30 USD / $40 CAD
Primaris Librarian - primed/painted - $23.50 USD / $30 CAD
Primaris Librarian Phobos Armor - new on sprue - $27.50 USD / $35 CAD
Primaris Librarian Phobos Armor - primed - $23.50 USD / $30 CAD
Primaris Librarian Phobos Armor - painted ultras - $39.50 USD / $50 CAD
Primaris Techmarine - new on sprue - $30 USD / $40 CAD
Primaris Techmarine - painted well - $41 USD / $55 CAD
Primaris Ancient - new on sprue - $30.50 USD / $38.50 CAD
Primaris Ancient (Dark Imperium) - painted fists - $27.50 USD / $35 CAD
Primaris Ancient (Dark Imperium) - built/primed - $23.50 USD / $30 CAD
Company Heroes - new on sprue - $48 USD / $65 CAD
Primaris Bladeguard Ancient - primed - $27.50 USD / $35 CAD
Apothecary Biologis - new on sprue - $30 USD / $40 CAD
Primaris Apothecary - new on sprue - $30 USD / $40 CAD
Primaris Apothecary - painted - $27.50 USD / $35 CAD
5 Primaris Reivers (Full kit) - new on sprue - $23 USD / $30 CAD
5 Primaris Reivers - painted crimson fists - $19.50 USD / $25 CAD
5 Primaris Reivers - built - $15 USD / $20 CAD
5 White Scars Reivers - painted well- $19.50 USD / $25 CAD
Sternguard (full kit) - new on sprue - $44 USD / $60 CAD
Sternguard (leviathan) - new on sprue - $39.50 USD / $50 CAD
5 Sternguard - primed - $30 USD / $40 CAD
Terminators (Full Kit) - new on sprue - $48 USD / $65 CAD
Terminators (Leviathan) - new on sprue - $41 USD / $55 CAD
5 Terminators - primed - $34 USD / $45 CAD
3 Aggressors (Full kit) - new on sprue - $41 USD / $55 CAD
Invictor warsuit - new on sprue - $52 USD / $70 CAD
Invictor warsuit - painted/built - $44 USD / $60 CAD
Brutalis - new on sprue - $55 USD / $75 CAD
Redemptor (full kit) - new on sprue - $57 USD / $75 CAD
Redemptor - painted - $48 USD / $65 CAD
Redemptor - painted ultras - $65 USD / $90 CAD
Ballistus Dread - new on sprue - $52 USD / $70 CAD
10 Kill Team Scouts - new on sprue - $48 USD / $65 CAD
5 Kill Team Scouts - primed - $22 USD / $30 CAD
5 Primaris Intercessors (full kit) - new on sprue - $22 USD / $30 CAD
5 Primaris Intercessors - painted crimson fists - $19.50 USD / $25 CAD
5 Primaris Intercessor - painted - $15 USD / $20 CAD
5 Primaris Infiltrators/incursors - painted/primed - $19.50 USD / $25 CAD
10 Primaris Infiltrators (ETB) - primed - $33 USD / $40 CAD
5 Infernus Squad - new on sprue - $15 USD / $20 CAD
5 Infernus Squad - primed - $12 USD / $15 CAD
Heavy Intercessors - new on sprue - $48 USD / $65 CAD
5 Heavy Intercessors - primed - $41 USD / $55 CAD
Jump Pack Intercessors - new on sprue - $41 USD / $55 CAD
5 Jump Pack Intercessors - primed - $39.50 USD / $50 CAD
Primaris Outriders - new on sprue - $44.50 USD / $60 CAD
3 Primaris Outriders - built/painted - $39.50 USD / $50 CAD
Primaris Invader ATV - new on sprue - $39.50 USD / $50 CAD
5 Desolation Marines - new on sprue - $41 USD / $55 CAD
5 Primaris Hellblasters - painted well - $29 USD / $35 CAD
5 Primaris Hellblasters - painted - $19.50 USD / $25 CAD
Eliminators (full kit) - new on sprue - $41 USD / $55 CAD
3 Eliminators - primed/built - $34 USD / $45 CAD
Eradicators (full kit) - new on sprue - $41 USD / $55 CAD
3 Eradicators - painted ultras - $53 USD / $70 CAD
Firestrike Servo Turrent - new on sprue - $29 USD / $35 CAD
Firestrike Servo Turrent - primed/built - $22 USD / $30 CAD
Repulsor - painted/built - $69 USD / $80 CAD
Repulsor Executioner - new on sprue - $82 USD / $110 CAD
Impulsor - painted - $53 USD / $70 CAD
Hamerfall Bunker - new on sprue - $48 USD / $65 CAD
Hamerfall Bunker - painted - $44 USD / $60 CAD
Hello fellow residents and lurkers of reddit, would like to ask you guys a question.
I was dedicated to switch over to yt music from spotify. After transferring all my playlists and liked songs over, i found out that yt music and yt premium share the same playlist storage.
I read some post and found out you can make a new channel and convert it to a video-only watching/streaming profile. So i created one.
It was where I found out that my home feed suggestions wasnt working fully. I could scroll for the first few rows of videos but it stopped after a certain length.
On the PC it gave me an error stating "Your Home feed has expired". On android the home tab just loads 2-3 recommended videos and then stops loading. My yt history is on and my old acc's home feed still works normally.
Any fixes?
Tldr: Tried out yt music, didnt like having music and video playlist on same channel, made a new channel for video streaming only, new channel home feed does not load fully.
Hello Folks. I am planning to apply this application cycle and find myself in a predicament after receiving my mcat results recently. To provide you context, I was a psychology major in college and completed all the standard pre-medical classes except for biochem which I self-studied for mcat prep. I went to a small liberal arts school where I had a GPA of 3.78. I generally did very well in my pre-med courses except for gen Chem where I struggled early in my college career. My mcat prep spanned a 6 month period with total hours studied at 760 hours. Below are my results of my practice exams in order:
11/18/23: Blueprint diagnostic: 502 ; 12/1: BP FL 1: 504 (126/125/125/128); 12/8: AAMC FL1 505 (124/127/125/129); 12/15: AAMC free scored: 502 (125/124/124/129); 12/29 BP FL 2: 505 (126/125/126/128); 1/5: BP FL3 504 (125/126/126/127); 1/19 AAMC FL2: 504 (125/124/126/129); 2/9 BP FL4 503 (125/125/125/128); 2/16: BP FL5: 505 (124/127/127/127); 2/23 Princeton demo 499 (123/125/123/128); 3/13 BP FL6: 502 (125/124/125/128); 3/22: AAMC FL 3: 509 (126/127/127/129); 4/5 AAMC FL4: 505 (126/125/125/129); 4/7 AAMC FL unscored: B/B (127 concerted), CP (127 converted)
Actual Mcat 4/12: 501 (127/123/125/126)
After each practice exam, I took the advice of many successful test takers and recorded the questions I got wrong and added new flashcards to the milesdown Anki deck. I also purchased the uplanet mcat q-bank and did every single question and re-did every question until I got 100% correct for all sections (except for orgo since I ran out of time). I generally studied like it was a full time job, around 5 hours each day over this 6 month period. Also, I did all the AAMC question packs. For section banks, I was around 65% for all 3. And for the bio volume 1 and 2 questions I was at high 70 % on both. For the independent Q's I got >80% on all sections. For chem and phys practice q's I was at about 70-80%.
My goal entering mcat prep was to study extremely hard to try to achieve my goal score of 515. I'm honestly shocked at my actual mcat score and don't really know where to go here given how much time and financial investment into preparing.
I am considering retaking the exam, but wanted to gauge opinions and when would be the latest I could retake with this current application cycle. I essentially have my primary finished already and was planning to submit in the first week of June once I got my mcat back. Thank you for any advice.
Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) is the subject of heated debate. How are mast cell activation syndromes defined? Which diseases are included? What is the diagnosis and treatment of mast cell activation syndrome? Prof. Dr. Knut Brockow, Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Allergology at the Biederstein, Technical University of Munich answers these questions in an interview with MeinAllergiePortal.
Mast cell activation syndrome: The most important facts! -The prototype of mast cell activation syndrome is recurrent anaphylaxis
-Other forms of idiopathic mast cell activation syndrome are being sought; however, there are mainly symptom descriptions where the diagnosis cannot be made
-Clinical suspicion of MCAS is based on recurring allergy-like symptoms on the skin, nose, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and circulation
-The diagnosis of MCAS is made according to recognized international criteria based on three criteria
-MCAS is often suspected even when symptoms are inappropriate and the diagnosis is unclear; the suspicion is then not helpful for patients
-The same medications are used to treat MCAS as are used to treat allergies, in particular antihistamines and cromoglicic acid
Prof. Brockow, what kind of disease is MCAS? Mast cell activation syndrome is not an established diagnosis, but rather a concept. Historically, this concept arose because an increasing number of patients came to the doctor's office with complaints that gave the impression of having been triggered by mast cells. These patients sometimes showed symptoms similar to those of allergic reactions, anaphylaxis or mastocytosis, but a clear diagnosis for these diseases could not be made. Nevertheless, it was suspected that there could at least be a connection with mast cell diseases. Unfortunately, the term MCAS created more uncertainty than understanding. This is because MCAS is now thrown around as a diagnosis for many patients with many symptoms and an unclear diagnosis. This is not helpful for patients and fuels short-term hope of diagnosis and cure, which cannot be fulfilled later.
Is MCAS an autoimmune disease? No, in autoimmune diseases mast cells are not primarily involved and not as lead cells, but lymphocytes that attack the body's own structures, in some cases by forming antibodies.
Is there a connection between mast cell activation syndrome and autoimmune diseases? No, there is no known connection between MCAS and autoimmune diseases. It has also been claimed by specific authors that other diseases, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) are related to mast cell activation syndrome. However, there are no good arguments for this. Unfortunately, such claims are easy to make and difficult to refute.
What is the cause of mast cell activation syndrome? Mast cell activation syndrome is actually more of a symptom description than a diagnosis in its own right. Mast cell activation syndrome is fully applicable to recurrent anaphylaxis (severe allergic reactions in several organ systems such as the skin, respiratory tract, digestive tract and circulatory system), for example due to insect bites. All the criteria for mast cell activation syndrome are met here. Severe allergic reactions are the most common cause of MCAS. However, although the term MCAS is correct in this context, it does not provide any additional information, as patients with such events are better described as patients with a diagnosis of anaphylaxis or allergy, and the term MCAS is somewhat confusing.
Is mast cell activation syndrome genetic? MCAS itself is not genetic, but patients with the genetic disease mastocytosis often suffer from anaphylaxis, particularly to insect venom, and therefore MCAS. In addition, it is currently being investigated whether people with genetically determined hereditary alpha-tryptasemia suffer more frequently from MCAS.
How did the term mast cell activation syndrome come about? There were many patients without a clear diagnosis, some of whom predominantly showed the symptoms typical of mast cell diseases. Accordingly, the experts dealing with mast cell diseases saw the need to develop a concept that took into account the “undiagnosable” symptoms of the patients. In the course of this, the terms “mast cell activation” and “mast cell activation syndrome” were defined. In addition, an attempt was made to sort all mast cell diseases into a classification with regard to mast cell activation. However, the difficulty in classifying these complaints is that many of the complaints described by patients are subjective, relatively non-specific and can be both organic and psychosomatic.
How have you defined mast cell diseases and which diseases do they include? Mast cell diseases are defined as recurring chronic symptoms that are compatible with mast cell activation.
Mast cell activation is classified on the basis of three criteria:
Recurrent typical clinical symptoms in at least two organ systems
An increase in mast cell mediators can be detected in the blood, most frequently by determining the serum tryptase level during an acute attack
Good response of symptoms to anti-mast cell mediator-directed therapy, especially H1 antihistamines
What types of mast cell disease are there?
The classification of mast cell diseases associated with mast cell activation syndromes defines three groups:
1. primary mast cell activation syndrome Primary mast cell activation syndrome is explained by a clonal expansion of mutated overactive mast cells. It manifests as systemic or cutaneous mastocytosis. If these criteria are not completely fulfilled, but clonal mast cells have been detected, it is referred to as monoclonal mast cell activation syndrome.
2 Secondary mast cell activation syndrome Secondary mast cell activation syndrome is present when clear triggers of mast cell activation are known. There are established terms for secondary mast cell activation syndrome that we are more familiar with, such as “anaphylaxis” to a known trigger. The classification in the second group of mast cell diseases is therefore merely a reclassification. Examples of mast cell activation are physical urticaria or cold urticaria. Allergies such as pollen allergies are also secondary mast cell activations, as hay fever also causes symptoms typical of mast cell diseases. In pollen allergies, mast cell mediators are found in the blood serum and drugs directed against mast cells have a good effect. If the symptoms recur in several organ systems, this is referred to as mast cell activation syndrome.
3. tertiary or idiopathic mast cell activation syndrome Tertiary or idiopathic mast cell activation syndrome refers to mast cell diseases whose triggers are unknown. This group would include, for example, chronic spontaneous urticaria, which has additional symptoms in other organs. Here we know that mast cells are activated, but not by what. This group of idiopathic mast cell activation syndromes would also include patients with as yet undescribed clinical pictures who do not fulfill the diagnostic criteria of known mast cell diseases, e.g. allergy, anaphylaxis, but in whom the disease is triggered by mast cells. In these patients, however, the connection between the symptoms and the activities of the mast cells must be proven.
Does this mean that tertiary or idiopathic mast cell activation syndrome is a diagnosis of exclusion? Idiopathic mast cell activation syndrome can be described as a diagnosis of exclusion insofar as the prerequisite for the diagnosis is that there is no other disease causing the symptoms. However, the symptoms described are often very, very unspecific and could also be caused by a variety of other diseases. However, there are the three criteria for mast cell activation syndrome already mentioned. If these are not all fulfilled, this diagnosis cannot be made.
How common is mast cell activation syndrome? Anaphylaxis and severe recurrent allergies are not uncommon and represent the vast majority of appropriate cases for MCAS. In addition, mastocytosis patients often have multiple anaphylaxis and therefore also MCAS. However, our initial idea of finding a new disease, idiopathic mast cell activation syndrome, has not yet been confirmed. There are many patients with many symptoms for whom a clear organic diagnosis cannot yet be made. However, it is almost never possible to prove that a defect in the mast cells is primarily responsible for the symptoms. Many of these patients describe symptoms that could fit, and in some patients anti-allergic drugs also have a positive effect. But in only very few patients can an increase in mast cell mediators be detected during an acute attack. I now believe that somatic stress disorders could play a significant role in many of the patients examined.
Histamine intolerance is also a diagnosis of exclusion, is there a connection with mast cell activation syndrome? Histamine intolerance can cause similar symptoms, but is not a mast cell disorder and has nothing to do with MCAS. When mast cells are activated, the messenger substance histamine is released, which in turn can cause symptoms. In histamine intolerance, the mast cell is not activated - it is not involved in any way. Rather, histamine intolerance describes patients with an increased sensitivity to histamine, which is supplied, for example, via the diet. This can lead to similar symptoms, but in contrast to mast cell activation syndrome, histamine intolerance has a clear trigger, histamine. As a result, the symptoms occur after eating histamine-rich foods, but disappear again if the patient follows a low-histamine diet. A test is also available to diagnose histamine intolerance.
So there are also patients with suspected mast cell activation syndrome who cannot be assigned to a classification group, even though they have corresponding symptoms? There are many patients in whom no mast cell activation syndrome can be detected despite suspicion. They do not fit into one of the three groups. However, this also used to include monoclonal mast cell activation syndrome. These patients showed anaphylaxis and a KIT mutation, but not the full criteria for mastocytosis. In the meantime, a separate disease diagnosis has been created for these patients. The independent accepted disease of these patients therefore lies between mastocytosis and normal findings.
We thought that there might be other forms of idiopathic MCAS with clinical pictures that have not yet been described. However, this is not supported by the findings to date. There are patients who show symptoms but do not meet the necessary criteria for idiopathic mast cell activation syndrome. In these patients, the diagnosis remains unclear. In how many of these patients functional physical complaints play a role still needs to be investigated.
Are there risk factors that favor mast cell activation syndrome? There are hardly any recognized studies on this. In a study conducted by Cem Akin in the USA, patients were examined who met the three criteria for idiopathic mast cell activation syndrome. They had the right symptoms, there was an increase in mediators and their symptoms improved with treatment. It was shown that many of these patients suffered from urticaria factitia, a scratch-induced urticaria, abdominal pain and flushing.
Recently, a genetic trait was discovered, hereditary alpha-tryptasemia with elevated basal serum tryptase levels. In patients with this trait and insect venom allergy, the severity of the allergic reaction appears to be increased. It is also discussed that the frequency of mast cell activation syndrome is increased in patients with this genetic trait. However, the published studies are not yet unanimous in this respect.
What symptoms can occur with MCAS? The following symptoms could be signs of mast cell activation syndrome:
MCAS symptoms on the skin: Appearance of sudden intense redness (flushing)
itching
wheal formation
Deep wheal formation (angioedema or Quincke's edema)
MCAS symptoms on the nose: Nasal congestion
Nasal itching
MCAS symptoms in the airways:
Swelling of the upper airways
Wheezing
Shortness of breath
MCAS symptoms of the digestive tract: Vomiting
abdominal pain
diarrhea
Systemic MCAS symptoms: Syncope - where you suddenly lose consciousness, but only for a short time
Sudden drop in blood pressure
Allergic shock
These symptoms can occur together or individually. In principle, symptoms must occur in two or more organ systems for MCAS. These symptoms, together with the typical skin changes and anaphylaxis, are also typical of mastocytosis.
Are muscle pain and hair loss also symptoms of MCAS? No, why would anyone think that these symptoms are primarily caused by a malfunction of mast cells? Mast cells are not important cells for muscle pain and hair loss.
How is MCAS diagnosed? MCAS is a diagnosis of exclusion, i.e. there is no mast cell activation syndrome test. However, this does not mean that all other diseases must be ruled out before a diagnosis of MCAS can be made.
When testing directly for mast cell activation syndrome, three criteria would be examined, all of which must be met, not just two:
First, there must be a matching of symptoms to see if the above symptoms are leading, recurrent and occur in at least two organ systems.
Is there a substantial or complete improvement in the clinical symptoms when taking anti-allergic medication, antihistamines or cromoglicic acid? Then this criterion would apply.
The blood levels of tryptase in the serum can now be examined at two different points in time. This would check whether there is an increase in mast cell mediators or tryptase in the blood serum in a highly symptomatic phase or during a seizure compared to a time when there are no symptoms.
What does the tryptase level in the blood mean in the diagnosis of mast cell activation syndrome? If the mast cell mediator tryptase rises by 20 percent of the basal value, i.e. the initial value, + 2 ng/ml during such an episode, the diagnosis of mast cell activation syndrome has been made without the need to rule out other diseases beforehand. However, taking blood samples to determine the tryptase levels is very time-consuming, because a blood sample should be taken in the normal state and then another blood sample should be taken during a seizure or a highly symptomatic episode. This means that the patient must see a doctor in good time for a blood test during the acute phase. If these tests are negative, mast cell activation syndrome cannot be confirmed.
Elevated tryptase levels also play a role in anaphylaxis, is there a connection with mast cell activation syndrome? Anaphylaxis is an extremely strong mast cell activation, the “prototype” of mast cell activation, so to speak. The tryptase level rises, so that it is considered an indicator of anaphylaxis. Here too, the basal value is measured and compared with the value during an episode. The relevant factor is the resulting increase in the tryptase value. The therapy against mast cells is effective in this case. In this respect, anaphylaxis is the classic form of mast cell activation syndrome.
The tryptase value also plays a role in the diagnosis of mastocytosis, what are the correlations here? Mastocytosis patients also have an elevated baseline tryptase level. This is therefore an indication of mastocytosis and an indication for a final diagnosis by means of a bone marrow biopsy. However, there is also a mastocytosis-independent correlation between tryptase and anaphylaxis. People who have a higher number of mast cells often develop more severe anaphylaxis than people with fewer mast cells. The tryptase basal value is therefore considered a kind of indicator for the total mast cells in the body. For example, insect venom anaphylactic patients with elevated basal mast cell tryptase levels in the blood are at increased risk of severe anaphylaxis.
What can be done against MCAS and which medications help? The aim of treatment for mast cell activation syndrome is to slow down the effect of the overactivated mast cells and to calm the mast cells. In particular, the avoidance of allergic triggers is available for this purpose.
Histamine receptor blockers are tried as medication to block the effects of mast cell activation by histamine. Mast cell stabilizers or blockers of mast cell release, cromoglicic acid, can also calm the mast cells. Cromoglicic acid is also used in mastocytosis patients. It is important to know that the use of cromoglicic acid is not advisable if the attack has already run its course. On the other hand, many patients achieve a significant improvement in symptoms if cromoglicic acid is taken continuously as a preventive measure and in a sufficiently high dose. This has also been shown to be the case with antihistamines.
Another option would be leukotriene receptor antagonists and corticosteroids in the short term, but never over a longer period of time.
Unfortunately, many patients with previously unexplained complaints are given a suspected diagnosis of MCAS in the hope that this knowledge will lead to better treatment or perhaps a cure. However, apart from the drugs mentioned, which can also be used on a trial basis in cases of suspected MCAS, there are no other useful drugs available. In this respect, the suspicion of MCAS unfortunately does not offer patients any additional treatment options.
Are there foods that activate or deactivate mast cells? No such foods are known in humans. Of course, it is possible to bombard mast cells in a test tube with high concentrations of food and measure whether the natural activation of mast cells is increased or reduced. However, such tests are generally not meaningful for humans when consumed.
Can naturopathy help with mast cell activation syndrome? I don't know how it could help. Naturopathy is the attempt to achieve a positive effect through naturally occurring active substances. Is the avoidance of allergens in our natural environment already naturopathy?
Could certain vitamins, for example vitamin C, be beneficial for MCAS? This is claimed by a few doctors without any convincing results. Vitamin C is also said to help against seasickness. After all, vitamin C, taken in normal amounts, is not harmful and is beneficial. Sometimes the conviction that a substance is good for you also helps. That's why the experiment doesn't bother me.
Is it possible to prevent mast cell activation syndrome? Yes, by avoiding MCAS with a known trigger. This is the case with allergies. In the case of allergies and recurrent anaphylaxis as a form of MCAS, omalizumab, an antibody against immunoglobulin E, can also be used in individual patients.
Prof. Brockow, thank you very much for this interview!
https://www.mein-allergie-portal.com/mastozytose-mastzellaktivierungssyndrom-mcas/925-idiopathisches-mastzellenaktivierungssyndrom-ein-neues-krankheitsbild.html I went to an all boys school in South London and it was fucking brutal. I basically consider myself to have had an experience akin to 5 years in prison. Violence was part and parcel of daily life, no one was safe, popular or not. Unlike most schools where a few kids get bullied, everyone got bullied by everyone else. I saw some pretty nuts things, people being dragged off a toilet mid shit and attacked, someone having their leg stamped on and snapped deliberately, someone having both their front teeth kicked out during a fight over a £2 coin and then continuing to fight over the money with his teeth on the floor, someone getting stabbed in the face with a piece of glass giving him lifelong injuries, people having daily "belt fights" where a group of people would whip eachother with their belt buckles and the last man standing wins, people being strangled with their ties to the point of passing out, someone getting their kneck crushed between 2 desks with 4 people on either side pushing as hard as they could, literally almost killing him. Many people carried knives and there were at least 2 incidents of stabbings on school grounds, one of them serious. There would be mass corridor riots probably once a week where even teachers would be attacked. There were organised fights on which people could even place bets. Sometimes teachers would intimidate or attack students for not reaching target grades. The way the school was run was extremely corrupt, they would do anything to inflate ofsted grades and did not care about people being bullied etc. A firework was once detonated during assembly and then again at break in a crowd of people knocking several of them to the floor. There were people actively involved in gang life and some went to prison for things like murder (outside of school). One guy in my tutor group who was actually a nice bloke now carries a gun and has been shot and also shot at people. There was 1 guy in the year above me who went to prison for 4 years because he got caught trying to join ISIS in an ICT lesson.
I could go on for ages about some of the things but those are the ones that come to mind. I have some good memories and lifelong friends from that time but it's also had a negative impact on me. I'm incredibly conflict averse as I fear violence. I'm also incredibly sexually and romantically inexperienced at 22 because I became used to not being around girls and women my age and don't really know how to interact with them outside of a platonic friendship.
know this isn't technically a uni based question but I thought this would be a good group of people to ask.
Hey everyone, I wanted to summarize the injury I had, how it affected me, and the rehab process. I'll make edits every three months or so to track my progress and return to CF.
Background: I'm a 27 y/o guy who had been doing CF for about 1.5 years until my injury. I had seen steady progress in all aspects of CF since starting. I had previously lifted weights for 7 years.
December 2023: I went for a new PR power snatching and dislocated my shoulder while the barbell was overhead. I popped back in about a minute later. I go to the ortho that same day and get X-Rays. No bone damage thankfully. About a week later I get an MRI that confirms labral tear and a little bit of damage around some other tendons I don't remember the name of. No biceps tendon damage. I wear a sling for 4 weeks, doing one small CF workout before surgery for whatever reason.
I believe what led to the dislocation was a combination of poor mobility, improper recovery leading up to the attempt, and trying a weight that was outside of my strength range. Live and you learn I guess.
January 2024: Surgery exactly one month after dislocation. Surgeon tells me it was like my labrum had torn from the 8 o'clock hand to the 11 o'clock hand of a clock so not terrible. Told to wear a sling for 6 weeks.
February 2024: Since I work remotely, I really only wore my sling outside of the house and not all that often. Should've (?) been better about wearing the sling but I have no idea if that had any impact on my recovery since my arm was on my lap 8 hours a day. I began to run as exercise.
March 2024: In the beginning of the month I start physical therapy for an intended 12 weeks. Still running, not doing any weight training or modified CF.
April 2024: Running, did a 10k for the first time, slowly getting back into lifting weights, PT is going well.
May 2024: Quit running after the 10k (something I regret). I'm nearing the end of PT and would say my mobility is around 85% of what it used to be. Starting to get into weight lifting with minimal apprehension. I am still not able to do close to what my old CF self was. I cannot currently do any sort of pull ups, RMUs, BMUs, etc. I could probably snatch the bar and that's it.
As of today, I have not done any Crossfit in 5 months, and don't think I'll be full strength for a few more. I plan to just keep doing a body building split until I'm confident my range of motion is no longer compromised and I can perform everything overhead pain-free. I would rather do this than modify CF around my injury. It's actually been somewhat nice to take a break, get back into something I haven't done for a while, and try some other forms of exercise. Looking forward to getting back into it later this year.
Hi, I'm new to this subreddit, I have DKC2 and 3 physical SNES cartridges (I use to have DKC1 when growing up and yes I 101% it on NSO recently) DKC 2 is my favorite tho. Crocodile Isle is an amazing location and has very different vibes compared to Donkey Kong Island. The atmosphere is amazing and the music is incredible (my favorite themes from this game is Krokodile Kacophony and Krook March). I REALLY enjoy the challenge this game has, I seen people hey really mad, but honestly I never really yelled or felt that angery, I guess I have alot of patience, and I also just have really fun. The levels are fun and creative. I think it has the best bosses in the og trilogy, all of them are fun and challenging. I love getting all the collectables and getting to play the harder levels in the lost world as I go. Diddy Kong is my favorite Kong, Dixie is a close second. It has my favorite version of K. Rool, I seen a lot of people prefer his original design in DKC1 but I think his design in 2 is just as amazing, and makes him fittingly more threatening looking, he's also alot more threatening in this game, he kidnapped Donkey Kong, and you see at the end that he's abusing him as DK is tied up. His final boss is amazing, I actually prefer Krocodile Kacophony over Gang-Plank Galleon, his attacks are really fun to avoid while still having a set pattern (alot more challenging, complex and fun than his fight in DKC1 imo), and the way DK break free at the end to finish him off is just so good, the secret final boss is really good too (not as good as the the first final boss tho imo) where he comes back and you only get to attack him at the end. I also really love th graphics for these games, I think DKC2 did them better tho, I love the pre-rendered 3D models compressed to 2d sprites and the backgrounds and environments so much. What do you guys think of this game? Honestly it's tied with my other favorite 2D platformer, Yoshi's Island for the SNES. :)