This is all short form as I can make it. When I was 15 years old, I was a little skinny skater kid, was bullied a lot. It was my first year of highschool. (Grade 9, Ontario.) I was bullied horrendously. The county kids would golf club shotgun shells at my face while I would skateboard down the hill after lunch break. It bugged me, but I always had the picture perfect mother and father household to return to. I grew up with perfect parents. I was polite, I was determined, I didn’t let anybody stop me. Then my father starts acting strange. He starts acting childish. And while our humour together is immature, this was a grown man acting like a child. It was scary and started kind of suddenly. I come to find he has a brain tumour as my mom tells me. She always would bring me in to help her fold clothes when she had bad news. Anyways, some time goes by. We learn it is a brain tumour. Some times goes by, we learn it is stage 4 cancer. He didn’t smoke, he would only drink during cookouts with neighbours or watching new episodes of the clone wars animated tv show with me on Fridays. Anyways, he progresses, it becomes nightmarish. The man I knew was already dead at one point. It was like his brain cancer was a parasite. I started to become very dark as a person, and detached. He would watch me play Nintendo 64 with his legs shaking violently, not understanding why I was shooting stormtroopers in the game. I told him they are stormtroopers dad remember? The empire? Over time it became a blur from this point. From what I remember that my brain lets me, he was in hospice, sickly, moon faced, like I was watching cancer take over his body and taunt me. I became addicted to crack cocaine , I didn’t take school seriously anymore, I was around violence, meth, constantly partying and hanging with people twice my age or more and started owing debts. I somehow always managed to weasel my way out with sales from my beatmaking hobby. I completely destroy myself for years, stopped attending school, my mother and I were a team, but I constantly worried her. Hard drugs had taken me over. I lost my sense of reality because I didn’t want to think about my father being wheeled out lifeless. Hugging his cold body one last time at the funeral before he was buried. Fast forward, I have been discharged from the phych ward due to a suicide attempt at 18. I still have my cheo bear even though I was old it brings me comfort. His name is Gus. Years of alcoholism follow. Because after my cheo incident weed would make me shake violently. We now come to present day. I am 24. My mother has remarried with a stepfather. He has learned to ease up around us as he grew up a different way. I started adult high-school last year and just passed my math exam. The alcoholism still exists but only once a weekend. It seems I may have developed diabetes from it but it’s not concrete. It’s hard especially with women explaining how you are starting your fifteen year old life at 23-24 but you know what? It’s never too late. Life certainly has a lot more pain in the future as any adult life does. But a life of being a man completely formed by a traumatic event is rough, underneath that is all of the great heart my father taught me. His last words he spoke were “be grape” it sounds silly but that’s his brain cancer. You could tell there was a frustrated man beneath who could no longer express himself. And he meant be great as my mother said. And I will not die until I am. It is never too late, to be great. ❤️

Timestamp: https://imgur.com/a/zgMlCRX
I have a few things for sale, not looking for trades at this time, I have some bills that need paid. Prices are shipped, payment via PayPal F&F or G&S if you cover the fees.
MCK: fde, used but not abused, fairly little salt, marked for use in Glock 17, 18, 19, 19x, 22, 23, 31, 32, 45. $130 shipped https://imgur.com/a/NcznmrE
10/22 stocks: both factory take offs in decent shape, wood stock comes with screw, synthetic does not. $50 for wood stock, $45 for synthetic stock, $85 shipped for both https://imgur.com/a/cCYYtiw
Sig 1913 folding knuckle: catch and release, mounted but never used, found a 1913 brace I like better. $70 https://imgur.com/a/vA61PbD

Warning: contains dollar amounts and game specifics
I was going to write a whole long post describing my life gambling so far. I’ll just tell you about my most recent episode which I will probably look back on for the rest of my life as one of the worst things I’ve ever done.
Background - I am 26 years old living in the southeast US. I work in sales and make decent money for my age. I live at home with my grandma because I’m a compulsive gambler. I am down lifetime about $100,000 of my own money.
I guess it’s important to note that, relatively, I believe I have had a very tough life so far. I endured a lot of trauma around the age or 11 / 12 that separated me from my peers, my family, my passions. OBVIOUSLY there are worse cases out there - kids dying of cancer, kids that don’t know where they’re going to find their next meal. But I’ve been through the ringer man. I definitely am not a normal person. And I’m very alone.
The past month I’ve been going exceptionally hard on the online gambling. The beginning this year I developed a fixation for scratch offs, but after getting destroyed so many weeks in a row, that fixation faded a bit and I started allocating my money to the online casino. I’ve been pouring in thousands. 3 or 4 weeks ago I turned $100 into $5,500 & lost it all. I kicked myself for that one. Then about 3 days later I did the exact same thing again.
Several days ago on Friday, I loaded in $300. First I climbed it up to $1,000. Then $5,000. Then $10,000. 10k is the highest balance I’ve ever had.
That $10,000 climbed down to $2,000 and up to $12,500 and I told myself I’d call it there. I put it down, went to my coworker, and we both agreed that it was time to cash out long ago, and if I’m going to do anything, I play it down to 10k and cash.
Well, I failed to do so. And miraculously, that $10,000 turned into $30,000. $30,000 fucking US dollars. We’re getting close to the amount I may bring home after an entire fucking year of work after taxes. This is the start of a new life for me - I can move out, and I can pay off the little debt I have, and I can reset and live a normal life.
I ended up extracting $20,000 into my wallet. And I kept playing. And I kept winning.
Context - my mom controls my money because I’m obviously a degenerate compulsive gambler. This has been going on for 2 or 3 years now. But I’ve found ways to cheat our system. I have ways to get money, I have a different account where a portion of my money goes, and I tell her I make about 2/3 of what I actually do. I called her and told her I won about $45,000. And I really wanted to cash it out and give it all to my Mom so she could lock it away. The only problem was, after consulting with some people in the community, it’s a big risk to withdraw that all at once. And I let her know that. So the reality was that it would take me a while to get it all out safely, and that means it was in serious danger of me going back and playing with it.
I had so much money in there I just kept playing and it kept climbing. I got up to a total of $65,000.
65 fucking grand. That’s more than a years worth of work, 5,6, sometimes 7 days a week, 10+ hours a day, after taxes. Way more than what I’d take home.
Sitting in my car in a gas station parking lot on the way home from work, I lost $40,000 of it in about 5 minutes.
My head was spinning, I was shaking. No, please not again. I always do this. I can’t fucking put it down. I have to keep pressing that button. The greed was in full effect. $25,000 suddenly was nowhere near enough.
I proceeded to lose another $10,000 of it when I got home, 5k at a time. The only reason I didn’t lose it all in one go was because I reached the deposit limit for the day.
I managed to keep about $15,000 of it in my possession. It was the most confusing feeling - $15,000 is about twice the biggest win I’ve ever had, yet, reaching a high of $65,000 made it feel like nothing. I was up, but I was seriously down.
The next day, my mom texted me. “Hey, did you leave it alone? You okay?”… a couple hours go by without a response from me and she texts again “how bad is it?”…. Another couple hours go by “please don’t leave me hanging”. I didn’t know how to respond. It was one of the worst days at work I ever had - 2 or 3 people knew, but they also knew that I have a problem, and I knew they could tell I lost it. My energy was completely zapped, all I wanted to do was fall into bed.
That night, when my deposit limit reset - I made the decision put in $10,000 of the remaining $15,000 in. This was going to be it. My defining moment. I either get it all back or I go back to where I’ve always been. And keep in mind, these winnings are pretty much all the money I have to my name.
Well, we got it up to $20,000. Then $30,000. Then $40,000. And I put the phone down, walked away, and told myself I was the fucking man. I picked up my phone to call my mom - then put it back down. I wasn’t done. I wanted to play more. I told myself that we’re good now and we can just play small amounts and still get our fix.
That $40,000 was gone in about 10 minutes.
That pit of emptiness inside me was indescribable. I am a fuck up. I was given a 2nd chance at the impossible and still fucked every single bit of it up. I have to be one of the dumbest people on the planet.
I finally texted my mom back and told her I lost it all but about 5k. I told her I was sorry to do this right before Mother’s Day and that I keep failing her despite her efforts to try to help make a better life for me. She said 5k is better than 0 and to get some rest.
I put $4,000 of the remainder into a different site and lost it immediately.
Then, the following day (yesterday). I put in my last $900. The gamblers fallacy… I told myself all I needed to do was get it up to 4k so I can say I walked away from this session relatively up, and at least I’d have something to show my mom. Well, we got it to 4k. And then, at 4k, I told myself that all I needed was to get it to 10k. Well, again, fucking miraculously, that one hit came, and the balance shot up to $28,000. I couldn’t believe it. A 3rd chance to right my wrongs. If I fuck this up, I don’t know what hope there is for me.
I fantasized about going to the Mother’s Day dinner we have scheduled 3 hours from then and letting her know I got a really good chunk of it back. I thanked the universe for giving me a 3rd chance I never deserved.
But you know what happened. I lost it all.
I can’t keep doing this man. I’m losing years off my life. Not only losing years from the stress, but I’m losing years wasting my life away just waiting to get my next fix and burn away the money I work my ass off to make. I’m just smart enough to realize the potential of gambling, but too dumb to have the common sense and control to not partake, and cash out if I do partake.
I realize the only reason I reached these amounts is because I literally do not stop. And eventually, if you don’t stop, you’re bound to hit something.
What’s really killing me is I told myself, and everyone agreed that this will NEVER happen again in my life. Yet, it more or less happened 3 times in 2 days.
Now that ceiling is elevated. Now I’m chasing an even bigger dragon than before.
The worst part? I don’t want to stop gambling. I want to stop feeling this pain, and stop being broke, and stop suffering these extreme emotional swings between ecstasy & depression, but I don’t want to stop playing. And I’m not smart enough to understand that the 2 are mutually exclusive, at least for me.
I suffer from greed & compulsion. Once I pick it up I can’t put it down. I don’t get hungry, thirsty, tired, don’t have to use the restroom - I’m like a rat on cocaine.
I do believe I am one of the worst cases out there. When I reached $50,000, I called one of my best friends. He told me I better have the resilience to be responsible, and find people that care about me to help me with this, because I’ve been struggling with this for years and finally found a break and I’ll be kicking myself for the rest of my life if I fuck this one up.
Those words will echo in my consciousness for a long, long time.
TLDR - I’m down $100,000+ lifetime, won $65,000 from a $300 depo, pretty much lost it all and got most / a lot of it back 3 different times and still ended up with $0.

This is the list that I wrote for Oklahoma's execution roster since the nationwide reinstatement of capital punishment in the late 1970s. Something that should be mentioned is that given the nature of many death penalty related crimes, many of the descriptions contain very disturbing details. Please read at your own risk.
Florida's list is next, and I'll post my list for Texas once I've completed it. With Texas, I've currently finished 464 entries out of the 587 cases to date. That will probably take 7 or 8 posts for it all to be released, so I'll probably do two posts a day with Texas to avoid spamming the sub. At the end of this year, I'll repost the states that have conducted further executions with the updated information.
As with Missouri and Virginia, Reddit's maximum character count limitations forced me to divide Oklahoma's list into two separate parts. Here is the link to part 2.
The currently 124 executed offenders, cases 1 to 62:
1. Charles Coleman (~1950s-1990, lethal injection): A month after he was released on parole in 1979, Coleman broke into a house. While sacking it for any valuables, the homeowner’s brother and sister in law, 68 year old John and 62 year old Roxie Seward, walked in on him and were both shot dead. Coleman stole Roxie’s purse, several packets of frozen meat, and the homeowner’s watch during the burglary, and was arrested shortly afterwards. However, Coleman managed to escape custody, and went on a rampage that involved several burglaries, auto thefts, slitting the throat of a policeman in a failed murder attempt, the shooting death of 49 year old Russell Lewis Jr. in a carjacking, and the abduction of a deputy. The kidnapped deputy was rescued following an armed standoff with other police officers. Coleman had an extensive history of animal cruelty, armed robberies, assaults, and carrying concealed weapons convictions dating back to when he was 11 years old. He was also heavily suspected in the murder of his teenage girlfriend’s father, but was acquitted by the courts despite the prosecution’s strong belief in his guilt.
2. Robyn Parks (1977-1992, lethal injection): During a gas station robbery, Parks shot and killed Abdullah Ibrahim, a 24 year old Bangladeshi immigrant that worked as the attendant. According to Parks, he murdered Ibrahim for catching him using a stolen credit card.
3. Olan Randle (1980-1992, lethal injection): Randle invaded a home and shot the occupants, 41 year old Robert Swinford, Sinford's fiance 42 year old Averil Bourque, and Bourque's friend 38 year old Julia Lovejoy, dead. He took a pocket knife and several watches from the victims.
4. Thomas Grasso (~1970s(?)-1995, lethal injection): While living in Oklahoma, Grasso strangled 87 year old Hilda Johnson, the best friend of his girlfriend's grandmother, to death with her Christmas lights. He took $8 from her purse, several coins that added up to $4, and a television set that he sold for $125. Grasso then moved to New York, and strangled 81 year old Leslie Holtz for his social security check. The trialing arrangements caused some controversy, as the New York governors at the time were anti death penalty, and tried to prevent Grasso's extradition in favor of giving him a life sentence in their jurisdiction. Grasso had several previous convictions for theft and was fired multiple times for stealing from his jobs.
5. Roger Stafford (~1974(?)-1995, lethal injection): Stafford was condemned for killing at least 9 people in two separate robbery incidents with his brother and ex wife, though his ex wife claimed that he was involved with as many as 34 murders nationwide. The first convicted incident was when he and the ex wife carjacked and fatally shot a couple, 38 year old Melvin and 31 year old Linda Lorenz, and their son, 12 year old Richard. A few weeks after the Lorenz murders, Stafford stormed a restaurant and gunned down 6 employees, 56 year old Isaac Freeman, 43 year old Louis Zacarias, 17 year old Anthony Tew, 17 year old David Lindsey, 16 year old David Salsman, and 15 year old Terri Horst. One of Stafford's additional attributed victims was 20 year old Jimmy Berry, who was killed in the hold up of an Alabaman McDonalds, but he wasn't charged by the state due to his death sentences in Oklahoma.
6. Robert Brecheen (1983-1995, lethal injection): Breechen was involved in a feud over money with 59 year old Mary Stubbs and her husband. In an attempt to take what he perceived was owed to him, Breechen carried out a night time burglary of their home. While rummaging through the house, Breechen stumbled upon old Marie in her living room and shot her to death. The gunshots and screams awoke her husband, and he chased him away with his own gun.
7. Benjamin Brewer (1978-1996, lethal injection): Brewer raped his neighbor, 20 year old Karen Stapleton, in her home and stabbed her to death
8. Steven Hatch (1979-1996, lethal injection): Hatch and another assailant, Glen Ake, forced themselves inside the home that Richard Dougass, a 43 year old reverend, shared with his wife, 36 year old Marilyn, and their two children, 16 year old Brooks and 12 year old Lesile. The pair tied up the family and raped Lesile in front of her parents and brother. All four family members were shot, and Hatch and Ake ran off with $43 and the parents’ wedding rings. Richard and Marilyn were both killed in the shootings, while their children survived the attack. Ake was also initially condemned for the attack, but his sentence was overturned and resentenced to life following mental health concerns, and passed away from undisclosed natural causes in 2011.
9. Scott Carpenter (1994-1997, lethal injection): In a convenience store robbery, Carpenter stabbed the owner, 56 year old A. J. Kelley, in the neck, and hid the body in the minnow room. He filled his truck with $37 worth of gas from the pumps and drove away from the scene. His execution caused some controversy, as it was reported that Carpenter gasped and spasmed for 11 minutes after being injected.
10. Michael Long (1997-1998, lethal injection): Enraged that his coworker, 24 year old Sheryl Graber, refused him sex and started screaming for help, he stabbed her over 31 times. Long also shot and killed her son, 5 year old Andrew, for being a witness.
11. Stephen Wood (1992-1998, lethal injection): While heavily intoxicated, Wood stabbed two other homeless men, 46 year old Charles Stephen and 34 year old Charles Von Johnson, dozens of times each. He was given a life sentence for both of their murders. During his incarceration, Robert Brigden, a 59 year old former minister that was serving a 40 year sentence for molesting several girls between the ages of 4-14 in his congregation, moved into his unit after refusing to go into protective custody. Woods killed Brigden in a stabbing attack, and his sentence was escalated to death by the courts for it.
12. Tuan Anh Nguyen (~1982-1998, lethal injection): By all accounts, Nguyen was jealously possessive over his wife, 21 year old Donna. During one of their arguments over his behavior, he stabbed Donna, her 6 year old nephew Joseph White, and her 3 year old niece Amanda White, in their home and left the bodies to be found by the children’s parents. He fled to Arizona, groomed a 14 year old girl into an illicit “relationship”, and impregnated her. After he convinced her to move in with him, Nguyen physically and sexually abused the girl until she fled and went to the local police for help. Nguyen was then deported back to Oklahoma to face trial for Donna and the White children’s slayings, and was sentenced to death for them.
13. John Duvall (1986-1998, lethal injection): During a fight with his wife, 30 year old Donna, Duvall stabbed and suffocated her to death with a pillow.
14. John Castro Sr. (1983-1999, lethal injection): Castro carjacked Beulah Cox, a 31 year old Oklahoma State University student, after she picked him up hitchhiking and shot her to death. A few months later, Castro held up a restaurant with an empty pistol, and attacked the manger, 29 year old Rhonda Pappan, after forcing her to open the register. During their struggle, Pappan was fatally stabbed, and he took off with her purse. During his mid teens, Castro was allegedly molested by his mother. Castro's attorneys made the argument that his glimpses of Cox's buttocks reminded him of his mother's reported abuse, and he was triggered into attacking her for it.
15. Sean Sellers (1985-1999, lethal injection): In 1985, a then 15 year old Sellers tried to buy beer from a convenience store, but the clerk, 32 year old Robert Bower, denied him due to being underaged at the time. Sellers gunned him down in a fit of rage. A year later, Sellers shot and killed his mother, 32 year old Vonda Bellofatto, and stepfather, 43 year old Paul, in their sleep. Due to being 16 at the time of his conviction, Sellers remains the youngest condemned offender to have his sentence carried out in the post Furman era. He also attracted national media attention for claiming that his crimes were the result of demonic possession.
16. Scotty Moore (1983-1999, lethal injection): Moore was fired from a motel for undisclosed reasons. In retaliation, Moore and a cousin (whom he was dating at the time), assaulted the motel, and gunned down the desk clerk, 42 year old Alex Fernandez. According to court documents, the pair took a total of $97 in the robbery.
17. Norman Newsted (1984-1999, lethal injection): Newsted tricked Lawrence Buckley, a 26 year old cab driver, into picking him up. He shot Buckley dead and took his wallet. In an attempt to cover his tracks, Newsted placed the body inside the cab, and drove it into a creek near a local church. Despite his best efforts, Buckley’s cab and remains were discovered a day later by the church’s pastor.
18. Cornel Cooks (1982-1999, lethal injection): Cooks and his accomplice broke into the home of 87 year old Jennie Ridling. She was gagged, raped, and suffocated to death with gauze wrappings. According to autopsy reports, the pair abused her for over 2 hours. They then sacked the house for any valuables and left with her checkbook.
19. Bobby Ross (1983-1999, lethal injection): While robbing an inn, Ross fatally shot a police officer, 30 year old Steve Mahan, that tried to intervene.
20. Malcolm Johnson (~1970s(?)-2000, lethal injection): Johnson invaded the apartment of 76 year old Ura Thompson and sexually assaulted her. Thompson either died from having her chest compounded during the abuse or was suffocated by Johnson’s hands covering her nose. He seized several possessions such as furs, typewriters, purse, watch, rings, and a hand mirror, which were discovered by police in his residence during an unrelated investigation of a firearms possession charge. Johnson had an extensive criminal history, which included several convictions of rape, armed robberies, and burglaries. The case attracted controversy when it was discovered that the lead chemist in the investigation misconducted several of her other cases, and forged some of the evidence used in the trial. Despite the other overwhelming evidence to the contrary, Johnson’s supporters took the opportunity to push a narrative of his innocence.
21. Gary Walker (~1960s-2000, lethal injection): Walker abducted, raped, and murdered at least 5 women, 36 year old Margaret Lydick, 35 year old Jane Hilburn, 32 year old Janet Jewell, 25 year old Valerie Shaw-Hartzell, and 24 year old DeRonda Roy, and non fatally assaulted several other women and teenage girls. The victims were mostly strangled to death with their bras and panties. Some of them were forced to withdraw hundreds of dollars from ATMs before they were killed. He also strangled a man, 63 year old Eddie Cash, with an electrical cord while robbing his home. Walker had dozens of previous convictions for burglary, carjacking, drug possession, and carrying concealed weapons. Some of his earliest arrests occurred when he was a teenager.
22. Michael Roberts (~1988-2000, lethal injection): A career burglar, Roberts was condemned for murder of 80 year old Lula Brooks. She was raped and her throat was slit by an intruder in her home. Roberts' death sentence and execution has been contested, as he was convicted on his later recounted testimony alone. He claimed that the investigators tricked him into confessing with the promise of a plea deal that was allegedly withheld from him.
23. Kelly Rogers (1990-2000, lethal injection): Rogers’ girlfriend lured 21 year old Karen Lauffenburger into her apartment with a fake pizza order. They accosted her when she arrived with the delivery. After the couple forced Lauffenburger to hand to over the $40 she earned from the night's pizza deliveries and withdraw $175 from an ATM, Rogers raped and stabbed her to death. The body was left in Lauffenburger’s apartment and was found by her boyfriend.
24. Ronald Boyd (1986-2000, lethal injection): During a robbery spree of several gas stations and supermarkets, Boyd engaged in a shootout with the responding officers. A Master Patrolman, 32 year old Richard Riggs, was killed in the exchange.
25. Charles Foster (~1980s(?)-2000, lethal injection): Foster suspected a grocery store owner, 74 year old Claude Wiley, of making sexual advances at his wife. He arranged for her to entice Wiley to their home with an order. When he arrived with the delivery, Foster stabbed and bludgeoned him to death with a baseball bat. He a history of convictions involving threats and violence, though my sources didn’t disclose any specific details.
26. James Robedeaux (1978-2000, lethal injection): In 1978, Robedeaux strangled his first wife, 30 year old Linda, and plead guilty to a second degree murder charges. He was released after serving 6 out of a 25 year sentence despite an escape attempt. In the following year, he began a relationship with 37 year old Nancy McKinney while he married a different woman. During an argument, Robedeaux beat McKinney to death, dismembered her body with a saw and machete, and scattered the remains across the state. While being investigated for McKinney's murder, he was arrested for choking and beating his estranged second wife. The cases were incidental and kept separate by the courts.
27. Roger Berget (~1985-2000, lethal injection): Berget carjacked and abducted 33 year old Rick Patterson with an accomplice, and shot him dead. He also admitted to the beating death of a roommate, 40 year old James Meadows, on the behalf of the man's wife. As a trivial side note, Berget's brother Rodney was executed in 2018 by the state of South Dakota for killing a prison guard [for more information, please see Rodney Berget's entry under the South Dakota section of my states with less then 10 executions post].
28. William Bryson (1988-2000, lethal injection): To collect a $300,000 life insurance policy, Marilyn Plantz recruited her boyfriend Byrson and his friend to kill her husband, 33 year old James. Byrson and his friend ambushed Plantz in his house as he was coming home from work and beat him to death with a baseball bat. With the intentions of staging an accident, Marilyn ordered the pair to burn the body in the couple's pickup truck.
29. Gregg Braun (1989-2000, lethal injection): Across several states, Braun shot and killed 4 women, 48 year old Geraldine Valdez, 31 year old Gwendolyn Miller, 28 year old Mary Rains, 27 year old Barbara Kochendorfer, and one man, 54 year old Pete Spurrier, while robbing stores.
30. George Wallace (~1970s-2000, lethal injection): Known as "the Mad Paddler" due to his habit of spanking abducted preteen and teenage boys with a wooden paddle, Wallace kidnapped his victims by posing as a police officer. After duping his targets into thinking that they were being arrested, Wallace restrained them with handcuffs and leg chains. The captives were then sexually abused and shot or stabbed to death. His crimes were exposed when an 18 year old man he abducted escaped from him despite being shot and stabbed numerous times. By his own admission, Wallace murdered 18 year old Thomas Reed, 15 year old William Domer, 14 year old Mark McLaughlin, 14 year old Jeffrey Foster, and 12 year old Alonzo Cade.
31. Eddie Trice (1987-2001, lethal injection): Trice snuck into the home of 84 year old Ernestine Jones and raped her. After he beat Jones to death with numbchucks, he terrorized and extorted her cognitively disabled son of $500 with threats of killing him if he told anyone of the murder. The son was also assaulted with a hammer, and he received injuries to his right eye, right cheekbone, and his right forearm.
32. Wanda Allen (~1981-2001, lethal injection): In 1981, Allen got into a fight with her live in girlfriend, 21 year old Dedra Pettus, and shot her dead. Despite giving a bungled story about her being accidentally killed in a shootout with Pettus’ ex boyfriend to the investigators, Allen managed to secure a 4 year sentence for manslaughter after pleading guilty to a plea deal, and was released after serving two years. While incarcerated, she started dating a fellow inmate, 29 year old Gloria Leathers, and continued their relationship outside of prison. The couple’s relationship was marred with extreme domestic violence on Allen’s end. In one incident, Allen struck Leathers with a rake. In 1989, while they were arguing in front of a shopping center, Allen shot and killed Leathers. Leathers herself also had history of violence, and had a conviction for stabbing a woman to death. Allen and her defense team tried to use Leathers’ previous convictions to make a self defense argument, but that was shot down by the courts.
33. Floyd Medlock (1990-2001, lethal injection): 7 year old Katherine Busch went to visit her family's old apartment, which Medlock was residing in, by herself. Busch knocked on the door and Medlock let her inside after she begged for food. He then choked and sexually assaulted the girl, dunked her head in a toilet bowl, and stabbed her to death. The body was hidden in a nearby dumpster. Busch's grandmothers were staunch pro capital punishment and anti death penalty activists respectively, and their public feud over Medlock's sentence and execution attracted some media attention. Medlock also had an extensive criminal history despite being only 19 at the time of Busch's murder, and was previously arrested several times for indecent exposure, arson, armed robbery, and marijuana possession.
34. Dion Smallwood (1992-2001, lethal injection): Smallwood walked into the home of his ex girlfriend's adoptive stepmother, 68 year old Lois Frederick, without invitation. He had a tumultuous and often violent relationship with her adopted stepdaughter that she strongly opposed, and they broke up under her pressure. After an argument, Smallwood knocked Frederick unconscious with a croquet mallet, locked her in a car, and burned her alive in it.
35. Mark Fowler (1985-2001, lethal injection): To get back at his ex employers for firing him, Fowler and his partner, Billy Fox, stormed a supermarket that he used to work out. The pair rounded up 3 employees, Chumpon Chaowasin, a 44 year old Thai immigrant, 33 year old Rick Cast, and 27 year old John Barrier, at gun point. Their hostages were shot, clubbed, and stabbed to death, and they took over $2,7000 in cash and checks.
36. Billy Fox (1985-2001, lethal injection): Fox assisted the above mentioned Mark Fowler in robbing a supermarket and murdering 3 of its employees
37. Loyd Lafevers (1985-2001, lethal injection): Lafevers and his accomplice, Randall Cannon, kidnapped 84 year old Addie Hawley from her home. She was raped, trapped in the trunk of a car, and burned alive in it. Although she was rescued, Hawley died from her injuries 6 hours later. The pair stole Hawley's wedding ring and Lafevers gifted it to a stripper. As Hawley's nephew was a Colorado state senator, her murder gained some attention from media outlets.
38. Dorsie Jones Jr. (1979-2001, lethal injection): While drinking at a bar, a barmaid chastised Jones for carrying an unconcealed gun. He shot at her in a fit of rage, but missed and injured his female companion instead. Jones then turned his attention to the other patrons and fired on them. 48 year old Stanley Buck Sr. was killed in front of his 19 year old son, who was also wounded in the shooting.
39. Robert Clayton (~1980s-2001, lethal injection): Clayton attacked 19 year old Rhonda Timmons while she was sunbathing near her apartment. She was raped, stabbed, kicked in the head, and strangled to death with her swimming suit. Her husband found Timmons' body laying next to their infant daughter, who was left unharmed. Clayton had a previous rape conviction in Tennessee and a robbery conviction in Texas.
40. Ronald Fluke (1997-2001, lethal injection): Out of despair that his gambling addiction drove his family to near poverty, Fluke shot and killed his wife, 44 year old Ginger, and their daughters, 13 year old Kathryn and 11 year old Susanne, while they were sleeping in their bedrooms. He initially attacked Ginger with a hatchet, but turned to shooting when she fought back.
41. Marilyn Plantz (1988-2001, lethal injection): The married girlfriend of William Bryson. As mentioned under Bryson's entry, Plantz arranged for him and his friend to kill her husband James to collect his life insurance policy.
42. Terrance James (1983-2001, lethal injection): While awaiting trial for a theft of government property charge, James and two accomplices strangled a fellow inmate, 25 year old Mark Berry, with wire out of their suspicions of him being a snitch. They then hung the body in an attempt to make it look like a suicide. Berry was another party in the theft of government property case, and James and his accomplices believed that it was his testimony that got them arrested.
43. Vincent Johnson (1991-2001, lethal injection): Johnson gunned down 44 year old Shirley Mooneyham in her home. The prosecution believed that Mooneyham's boyfriend arranged the killing to collect a life insurance policy, but he was acquitted at trial.
44. Jerald Harjo (~1980s-2001, lethal injection): Harjo snuck into the bedroom of 64 year old Ruth Porter, raped her, and suffocated her with a pillowcase. He then snatched Porter's car keys and drove off with her van. His past criminal history was extensive, and was in prison numerous times for burglary and autotheft.
45. Jack Walker (1988-2001, lethal injection): Disgruntled with the custody dispute over their then 3 month old son, Walker stabbed his ex girlfriend, 17 year old Shelly Ellison, and her uncle, 30 year old Donald, 32 and 11 times with an ice pick during a confrontation at their home.
46. Alvie Hale Jr. (1983-2001, lethal injection): Hale kidnapped 24 year old William Perry to extort a $350,000 ransom from his banking family. When the negotiations failed, Perry was shot dead, and Hale buried the body on his father's property.
47. Lois Smith (1982-2001, lethal injection): Smith, her son, and a female accomplice abducted her son's ex girlfriend, 21 year old Cindy Baillee, from an airport out of fear her testifying of his involvement in the drug trade. Baillee was taken to Smith's ex husband's house, and stabbed in the throat by her ex boyfriend while driving to their destination. Inside the home, she was taunted by Smith with a gun, and was shot 7 times in the chest and 2 times in the back of the head. While her son was reloading the gun, Smith jumped on and crushed Bailee's throat.
48. Sahib Lateef Al-Mosawi (1992-2001, lethal injection): Following a dispute over their newborn son's name, Al-Mosawi's estranged wife, 26 year old Inaam Al-Nashi, fled to the apartment of her uncle, 45 year old Mohammed. Al-Mosaw attacked the pair in the apartment and stabbed them to death. Inaam's sister was also stabbed, but she managed to escape with her life. The couple and their families were refugees from Iraq that were displaced by the First Persian Gulf War, and they fled into the United States.
49. John Romano (1985-2002, lethal injection): Romano and his accomplice David Woodruff robbed and murdered two of their acquaintances. One of the victims, 63 year old Lloyd Thompson, was attacked in his apartment. Thompson was held down by the pair while they stabbed him 22 times and served his spinal cord. The other victim, 52 year old Roger Sarfaty, was tied up, beaten, stabbed 5 times, and strangled to death in a jewelry store he owned. In the robberies, Romano and Woodruff stole several pieces of jewelry from Sarfaty, and took most of Thompson’s quarter collection.
50. David Woodruff (1985-2002, lethal injection): As mentioned under John Romano's entry, Woodruff took part in the robbery murders of Lloyd Thompson and Roger Sarfaty.
51. Randall Cannon (1985-2002, lethal injection): Cannon assisted Loyd Lafevers in abducting, sexually assaulting, and burning Addie Hawley alive in her car. Although he was acquitted of molesting Hawley, Cannon was still condemned for his part in the kidnapping and murder.
52. Earl Frederick Sr. (~1989-2002, lethal injection): Frederick beat Bradford Beck, a 41 year old veteran that was crippled during his service in the Vietnam war, to death in his home after befriending him. He ransacked the house and dumped Beck's body in a field. A second murder, the robbery and shooting death of a Texan man, 77 year old Shirley Fox, was also tied to him. However, authorities in Texas withheld from prosecuting Fredrick due to his death penalty trial and conviction in Oklahoma. Both Fox and Beck had physical disabilities, which led prosecutors to the conclusion that Frederick intentionally selected and depredated on disabled men.
53. Jerry McCracken (~1980s(?)-2002, lethal injection): McCracken and his accomplice shot up a bar, killed 3 patrons and the bartender, and made off with $350. The victims that lost their lives were 41 year old Carol McDaniels, 37 year old Timothy Sheets, 34 year old Steven Sheets, and 27 year old Tyrrell Boyd. Months before the mass shooting, McCracken was paroled after serving time for stabbing 3 people in a bar fight.
54. Jay Neill (1984-2002, lethal injection): During a bank robbery, Neill disemboweled and nearly decapitated 3 tellers, 42 year old Kay Bruno, 25 year old Joyce Mullenix, and 19 year old Jerri Bowles. A group of 4 customers, consisting of 33 year old Ralph Zeller, a married couple, and their 14 month old daughter, unwittingly walked in on him, and he herded them into a backroom to be shot. Zeller was killed, the couple were wounded, and Neill left the daughter unharmed due to running out of bullets. Neill's boyfriend was given a life sentence for the robbery and murders, despite not being directly involved.
55. Ernest Carter Jr. (~1989-2002, lethal injection): After being fired from an autoshop, Carter robbed it with an accomplice, and fatally shot a security guard, 35 year old Eugene Manowski. The pair stole the shop's tow truck, and later tried to burn it with Carter's girlfriend to destroy any traces of the crime. Carter was also previously accused of burning a friend to death in the previous year, but the charges were dismissed.
56. Daniel Revilla (1987-2003, lethal injection): While babysitting his girlfriend's son, 13 month old Mark Gomez, in their home, Revilla broke the boy’s ribs in a beating and scalded him with boiling water. When he brought the boy to a hospital, Revilla gave a story that he accidentally hit Gomez’s head with a door handle, which was quickly seen through by the staff. According to the accounts of his girlfriend and her family, Revilla was violently abusive to Gomez, and they recounted incidents of him trapping the boy in a kitchen drawer, dunking him in cold water, folding him into a pull up bed, and hanging him by his ankles with duct tape.
57. Bobby Fields (~1990s-2003, lethal injection): Fields shot and killed 77 year old Louise Schem while burglarizing her home. She had tried to shot him with her .25 calibre pistol, but he wrestled the gun away from her, and gunned her down with it. His intentions was to steal Schem's television set to sell for cocaine, but left empty handed after losing his nerves with the struggle and murder. According to court documents, Fields had a previous robbery and assault conviction, and several arrests for drug possession.
58. Walanzo Robinson (1989-2003, lethal injection): A member of the Gangster Bloods street gang, Robinson shot and killed 26 year old Dennis Hill, an affiliate of a rival gang, in a turf war over drug sales.
59. John Hooker (~1971-2003, lethal injection): As a teenager in 1971, Hooker attended a party at a friend's house, and got into an argument. In a fit of anger, he fatally shot 18 year old Alta Lang, and wounded two other partygoers. Due to the witnesses refusing to cooperate with the investigation and being unable to prove any calculated intentions, Hooker was given a manslaughter conviction, and released a few years later. After he was paroled, Hooker started dating Sylvia Stokes, and fathered several children with her. Their troubled relationship lasted for 8 years, and ended when Stokes filed a protection order against him. In retaliation, Hooker lured Stokes and her mother, 53 year old Durcilla Morgan, into his apartment and stabbed them both to death.
60. Scot Hain (~1980s-2003, lethal injection): Hain carjacked and abducted a couple, 27 year old Michael Houghton and 22 year old Laura Sanders. After taking $565 and some bags of clothing, he forced them into the trunk of their car at gunpoint, and burned them alive in it. He had several previous arrests for robbery, and was involved with a number of rapes and attempted kidnappings months before the Houghton and Sanders' murders.
61. Don Hawkins Jr. (1985-2003, lethal injection): Hawkins kidnapped 29 year old Linda Ann Thompson and her two daughters, aged 4 years old and 18 months old, from a mall. Although his original intentions were to ransom off Thompson and her children, Hawkins gang raped the captive woman with his cousin and his girlfriend's teenage nephew, and drowned her in a lake. Thompson's children were spared and simply left with a babysitter. Hawkins and his accomplice then went on a nation wide rampage with his accomplice that involved the abductions and rapes of several grown women and teenage girls, hanging 31 year old David Coupez of Colorado in his home while robbing him, and countless other robberies.
62. Larry Jackson (~1984-2003, lethal injection): In 1984, Jackson shot and killed his girlfriend, 19 year old Freda Washington. He accepted a plea deal that dumbed down the charges to second degree murder, and was given a 30 year sentence for it. During his incarceration, Jackson started a relationship with 29 year old Wendy Cade. Despite her promises of marriage after his release, Cade left him for another man, and they got engaged. When Jackson was assigned to a prison work crew, he snuck out and went to confront Cade. Reportedly, the two had bought alchool, cocaine, and cigerates together and had sex in Cade's apartment. However, they got into an argument, and he slashed Cade's throat and stabbed her 31 times with box cutters. Jackson then left with her jewelry, watch, and the keys to her jeep.

What happened last week?
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What to watch for next week?
all eyes will be on the U.S. CPI release on Wednesday. On an annual basis, headline CPI is projected to decline to 3.4% from 3.5%, and core CPI, which excludes food and energy, is expected to tick down to 3.6% from 3.8%1. If realized, it would be a good first step in reestablishing a pattern of better readings that would be more consistent with moderating prices.
open ai announcement = calls?

• Monday: Open AI announcements
• Tuesday: HD , BABA
• Wednesday: CPI, 13f deadline
• Thursday: WMT
• Friday:

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Monday:

Thermal Energy Announces $1.9 million Turn-key Heat Recovery Project for a Global Materials Company - TMG.v

has announced a $1.9 million carbon reduction and energy efficiency solution for a global materials company. All figures are shown in CAD.As a market leader, this customer accepts its role in forging the industry's path to a low-carbon economy, and has engaged with the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) to validate their ambitious scope 1 and scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions targets. This $1.9 million Turn-key project is expected to save the customer over $980,000 annually on its energy bill, reduce co2 emissions by 977 tonnes per year and improve pollution prevention and control.

Liberty Defense Ships HEXWAVE's to Major Canadian Airport to Provide Enhanced Screening - SCAN.v

announce that it has shipped HEXWAVE systems to a major airport in Canada for various screening applications.Unlike weapon detection technology, HEXWAVE uses millimeter wave, advanced 3D imaging and AI to detect all types of concealed metallic and non-metallic threats and other prohibited items – without the passenger having to divest common items.

VSBLTY Announces Assumption of Winkel Media Contract - VSBY.cse

announces that a definitive agreement has been reached assume the contract supporting Winkel Media effective February 1, 2024.
VSBLTY’s wholly-owned subsidiary, VSBLTY SPV I, LLC, will assume the balance of the debt of approximately $2.16M USD from Creative Climate Capital, LLC (CCC) In addition, CCC has agreed to providing an additional allocation of $800K USD in a credit facility for the general operating requirements of VSBLTY

Titanium Transportation Group Completes Sale of Non-Core Assets for Gross Proceeds of $4.5M - TTNM

announced that it has completed the sale of non-core, undeveloped land assets, totalling approximately 21 acres, in Cornwall, Ontario for gross proceeds of $4.5 million in cash. All amounts are in Canadian currency. Proceeds of the sale will be used to pay down Company debt.

PIRANHA Receives Unanimous Approval From Massachusetts Plumbing and Gas Fitting Board for State Expansion - SHRC.cse

announce that it has received unanimous approval from the Massachusetts Board of State Examiners of Plumbers and Gas Fitters for ten PIRANHA pilot sites in the state. This pilot project aims to demonstrate the efficacy of WET across multiple sectors and building types.
The Company's application to the Massachusetts Plumber and Gas Fitter Board garnered strong backing from the United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices (“UA”) of Massachusetts, an influential union representing approximately 375,000 skilled plumbers, pipe fitters, and other industry professionals across the state.

Zentek and Triera Biosciences Ltd. Achieve Positive Results Against Avian Influenza (H5N1) using Multivalent Aptamer Technology - ZEN.v

announces that its wholly-owned subsidiary Triera Biosciences Ltd. ("Triera") has prioritized the development of a prophylaxis and therapeutic for highly pathogenic avian influenza ("HPAI") and reports initial test results.
Background and Highlights:
Universal aptamer has been selected for influenza virus, including H5N1
Binding affinity of influenza aptamer is better than aptamer used for SARS-CoV-2, which has demonstrated improved protection over leading monoclonal antibodies in animal models
Development prioritized given current global HPAI H5N1 outbreak. In vivo testing to begin immediately

Tuesday:

Magellan Aerospace Signs Agreement With Peraton to Support NASA Sounding Rocket Program - MGL.to

announced today that it would provide Black Brant vehicles and hardware to Peraton in support of the NASA Sounding Rocket Program. Under the terms of the five-year agreement Magellan will supply NASA’s annual requirements and could generate revenues up to a maximum of $75 million.

Wednesday:

Kraken Robotics Receives $3.5 Million of Orders for Subsea Security Equipment - PNG.v

announces that it has received an order for spares and sustainment of its KATFISH™ Mine Counter Measures (“MCM”) solution totalling $2.2 million. In addition, the Company received an order for AquaPix® synthetic aperture sonars (SAS) totalling $1.3 million. These systems will be integrated to Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) from two new navy customers for use in minehunting and subsea infrastructure security applications. Both customer details cannot be disclosed. Deliveries will occur in 2024.

Gatekeeper Announces $3M in Orders for Mobile Data Collectors and Video on 1,400 School Buses - GSI.v

announce it has received purchase contracts for approximately US$2.2 million (approximately C$3 million) from a student transportation services company to install Mobile Data Collectors (MDCs) and video solutions on approximately 1,400 school buses.

Liberty Defense Announces Award of HEXWAVE to Latin America - SCAN.v

Anounce that its HEXWAVE™ system has been purchased by a Juvenile Correctional Facility in Santiago, Chile, with deployment scheduled for this summer.The system was purchased by Setronix Chile S.A., a leading security company with over 30 years of experience deploying and maintaining cutting-edge technology solutions for security applications throughout Chile. The system will be operated by SENAME, the National Minors' Service (Servicio Nacional de Menores), a government agency managed by the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights.

Thursday:

x

Friday:

125 MW Awarded in Ontario LT1 RFP: Boralex consolidates its position as a leading battery storage developer in Canada - BLX.to

announced the selection of the Oxford Battery Energy Storage project totalling 125 MW of nameplate capacity. This project was selected by Ontario’s Independent Electricity Systems Operator (IESO) further to its Long-Term Request for Proposals (LT1 RFP). This project adds to Boralex’s existing battery energy storage project portfolio which includes the 300 MW Hagersville and the 80 MW Tilbury projects, which were selected by the IESO in last year's solicitation.

BSB news For Week #80, May 6th, 2024

Chengalpattu, nestled in the heart of Tamil Nadu, is renowned for its lush vegetation, fertile soil, and thriving agricultural industry. Among its many treasures are its premium mango ranches, where the golden fruit thrives under the warm sun and gentle rains. Mango farms offer investors the potential opportunity to own a piece of this natural paradise and reap the benefits of sustainable farming practices.
Exploring Organic Mango Cultivation In Chengalpattu
Organic farming not only ensures the production of high-quality mangoes but also promotes biodiversity, soil health, and long-term sustainability. Our team is dedicated to helping you find the perfect organic mango farm that aligns with your values and goals.
No Synthetic Chemicals: Organic mango cultivation avoids the use of synthetic chemicals like pesticides, herbicides, and synthetic fertilizers. Instead, natural methods such as biological control, crop rotation, and the use of organic fertilizers like compost and manure are employed.
Soil Health: Organic mango cultivation emphasizes the importance of maintaining healthy soil ecosystems. Practices such as cover cropping, mulching, and minimal tillage are used to build and preserve soil fertility and structure.
Biodiversity: mango farms are characterized by a rich variety of plant and animal species. By encouraging biodiversity, organic farmers create resilient ecosystems that are better equipped to withstand pests, diseases, and environmental stresses.
Natural Resources: Organic cultivation focuses on the conservation and responsible use of natural resources like water, energy, and biodiversity. Practices such as water harvesting, drip irrigation, and agroforestry help organic mango farmers minimize their environmental footprint and reduce reliance on external inputs.
Practices Of Organic Mango Cultivation
Composting: Organic mango farmers utilize composting to recycle organic matter and improve soil fertility. Compost, derived from decomposed plant material such as crop residues and manure, acts as a natural fertilizer and soil conditioner, enhancing soil structure, moisture retention, and microbial activity.
Biological Pest Control: Instead of relying on chemical pesticides, mango farmers use biological control methods to manage pests and diseases. This may include introducing natural predators, such as ladybugs or predatory insects, to control pest populations, or using botanical extracts and microbial formulations to deter pests and boost plant immunity.
Crop Rotation: Crop rotation is a common practice in organic mango cultivation that helps break pest and disease cycles, improve soil fertility, and maintain overall farm health. By rotating mango trees with nitrogen-fixing legumes or other crops, organic farmers can replenish soil nutrients, suppress weeds, and reduce the buildup of pests and diseases.
Finding Your Ideal Mango Farmland Chengalpattu
When it comes to finding the ideal mango farmland, there are several key factors to consider. In this section, we'll discuss the key aspects you should evaluate to ensure that you find the perfect mango farm that meets your needs and accommodates your budget.
Soil Quality
Water Availability
Climate and Microclimate
Land Topography
Proximity to Commercial Areas and Infrastructure
Unlocking The Potential Of GreenLand Chengalpattu
In addition to mango farms, Chengalpattu boasts a diverse range of agricultural land available for sale, catering to various farming ventures and investment opportunities. Whether you're interested in growing diverse crops, establishing a dairy farm, or venturing into agroforestry, there's something for everyone in Chengalpattu's vibrant rural landscape. Our extensive listings include diverse options to suit different preferences and objectives, ensuring that you find the perfect land parcel to realize your agricultural dreams.
Conclusion
As you embark on your journey to find the perfect organic mango farms for sale in Chengalpattu, With our unparalleled expertise, extensive network, and unwavering commitment to your success, we are here to turn your green dreams into reality. Contact us today to explore the amazing opportunities waiting for you in Chengalpattu's thriving agricultural region. Together, let's make your mango farm dreams come true!.

The global biofertilizers market size was valued at USD 2.26 billion in 2023. The market is anticipated to expand from USD 2.53 billion in 2024 to USD 6.34 billion by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 12.17% during the 2024-2032 period.
Biofertilizers, also known as bioinoculants, are living microbes that enhance plant nutrition by colonizing the rhizosphere when applied through soil or seed. The rising demand for products is fueled by their role in promoting sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices.
The COVID-19 pandemic related challenges, including difficulties in procuring raw materials, had a notable impact on biofertilizer production, impacting the broader agricultural sector.
Fortune Business Insights™ provides this information in its research report, titled “BiofertilizersMarket, 2024-2032”.
Information Source - https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/industry-reports/biofertilizers-market-100413
~Segmentation:~
Nitrogen-fixingSegment to Dominate owing to Enhanced Crop Nitrogen Uptake
By type, the market is divided into phosphate solubilizers and nitrogen fixing. Nitrogen-fixing segment leads as it contributes significantly to improved nitrogen levels in the soil, fostering optimal growth for high-demand crops such as rice, oilseeds, and wheat.
RhizobiumSegment Lead the Market owing to Nitrogen Enrichment for Crop Growth
By microorganism, the market is divided into rhizobium, azotobacter, azospirillum, pseudomonas, bacillus, vam, and others. Rhizobium dominates the market. Rhizobium's prominence lies in its role as a major nitrogen source, enhancing soil fertility and fostering crop productivity, thereby reducing reliance on costly synthetic fertilizers.
Seed TreatmentSecured the Highest Market Share owing to Enhanced Crop Protection
In terms of application, the market is divided into seed treatment and soil treatment. The seed treatment segment captured the highest biofertilizers market share. Seed treatment's dominance is bolstered by its wide utilization in biofertilizers, providing efficient protection against viral and bacterial threats, ultimately preserving crop yield.
Cereal Segment to Dominate owing to Health-Driven Applications
By crop type, the market is divided into cereals, pulses & oilseeds, fruits & vegetables, and others. The cereal segment is anticipated to retain its dominant position throughout the forecast period. The growth can be credited to the high application of organic fertilizers, meeting the escalating demand for organic cereals driven by consumer health awareness, fostering sustained market growth.
In terms of region, the market is categorized into Europe, North America, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa.
~Report Coverage:~
Offering a detailed analysis, the report provides a holistic view of the market, encompassing microorganism, type, application, crop type, and region. Key insights include competitive trends, recent industry developments, and market dynamics.
~Drivers and Restraints:~
Expansion in Production of Horticulture Crops and Cereal Crops to Spur Market Growth
Utilizing biofertilizers replenishes microbial populations in soil, improving fertility and countering the negative impacts of intensive cultivation and chemical fertilizers. Moreover, according to the reports of European Journal of Horticultural Science, biofertilizers, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), have demonstrated success in increasing yields and nutrient content in horticultural crops, as evidenced in field trials, establishing them as a reliable option for enhancing crop productivity and quality.
However, biofertilizer efficacy varies due to diverse soil and crop types, necessitating region-specific studies for optimal performance, hindering biofertilizers market growth.
~Regional Insights:~
North America Dominate the Market Owing to Consumer Preference for Organic Agriculture
North America is the leading region in the market as there is a heightened demand for organic products in the region. The U.S. witnessed a humongous sales of organic products exceeding USD 60 billion in 2022 according to the data provided by World Trade Magazine. This reflects a strong consumer shift toward sustainable and eco-friendly choices.
Supportive policies from the European government, encouraging the substitution or optimization of chemical fertilizers with bio alternatives are anticipated to drive regional growth.
~Competitive Landscape:~
Major Leaders Are Enhancing Production Facility to Expand their Customer Base
Market leaders are actively increasing production facilities, exemplified by ongoing initiatives from major companies. This focus on scaling up production capabilities contributes significantly to the overall advancement of the global market.
~Key Industry Development:~
April 2023- Kakani Govardhan Reddy, Andhra Pradesh Agriculture Minister, urges farmers to enhance yields with high-quality biofertilizers, emphasizing the promotion of natural fertilizers.
~List of Key Players Mentioned in the Report:~

• Lallemand Inc. (Canada)
• National Fertilizers Limited (India)
• IPL Biologicals (International Panaacea Limited) (India)
• Bioceres S.A. (Argentina)
• BioWorks Inc. (U.S.)
• SOM PHYTOPHARMA (INDIA) LIMITED (India)
• American Vanguard Corporation (U.S.)
• Gujarat State Fertilizers & Chemical Ltd. (India)
• Symborg (Spain)
• Novozymes (Denmark)

The Global Geosynthetics was valued at USD 17.05 billion in 2023 and the total Geosynthetics Market revenue is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.14% from 2024 to 2030, reaching nearly USD 25.88 billion.
Market Overview:
This report furnishes impartial expert insights into prevailing market conditions, historical financial standings, consumption patterns, supply-demand dynamics, and revenue forecasts for the envisaged period. Moreover, it encapsulates the strategic aspirations and growth trajectories of major players within the Geosynthetics domain, scrutinizing avenues such as mergers, acquisitions, governmental initiatives, private sector engagements, partnerships, collaborative ventures, brand promotions, and product launches.
For a deeper understanding, the report extends to encompass global and regional perspectives, painting a holistic picture of the Geosynthetics market landscape. Mergers, acquisitions, governmental interventions, private sector involvements, partnerships, collaborative projects, brand promotions, and product launches are among the multifaceted approaches analyzed.
Request a Free Sample Copy Or view Report report summary: https://www.maximizemarketresearch.com/request-sample/30009.thehttps://www.maximizemarketresearch.com/request-sample/30009
Market Scope:
In this dynamic market environment, mergers, acquisitions, governmental initiatives, private sector engagements, partnerships, collaborative ventures, brand promotions, and product launches are among the multifaceted approaches scrutinized, offering a comprehensive view of the Geosynthetics market at both global and regional levels.
Segmentation:
by Product Type
Geotextiles Geomembranes Geogrids Geofoam Geonets Others
by Application
Waste Management Water Management Transportation Infrastructure Civil Construction Others
by Material
Polyethylene Polystyrene Polyvinyl Chloride Polyester Others
Key Players:
Within the Geosynthetics market report, prominent players include:

1. ABG Ltd
2. ACE Geosynthetics
3. ACH Foam Technologies
4. Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc.,
5. AGRU America
6. Asahi Kasei Advance Corporation
7. Belton Industries, Inc.
8. Berry Global Inc
9. Carthage Mills, Inc.,
10. Cetco Lining Technologies
11. Contech Engineered Solutions LLC
12. CTM Geosynthetics
13. Enviro Geosynthetics Pvt. Ltd.
14. Fibertex Nonwovens A/S,
15. Fibromat (M) Sdn Bhd.
16. Freudenberg Group
17. Garware Technical Fibres Ltd.
18. Gayatri Polymers & Geo-synthetics
19. Geofabrics Australasia Pvt Ltd
20. Geotrst Environmental Science Technology,
21. Glen Raven Inc.,
22. Global Synthetics Pvt ltd
23. Gorantla Geosynthetics Pvt Ltd.,
24. Hanes GEO Components
25. Kaytech Engineered Products
26. Leggett & Platt,
27. Low and Bonar PLC
28. Maccaferri S.p.A.
29. Machina-TST
30. Maharshee Geomembrane (India) Pvt. Ltd.
31. Naue Gmbh & Co.KG,
32. Pietrucha Group
33. Poly Fabrics Australasia Pty Ltd.,
34. Propex Operating Company, LLC
35. PRS Geo-Technologies
36. SKAPS Industries
37. Solmax International, Inc.,
38. Strata Systems, Inc.
39. Suntech Geotextile Pvt. Ltd.,
40. Swicofil AG,
41. Taian Modern Plastic Co,
42. Tenax Corporation,
43. TenCate Geotechnical
44. Tensar International Corporation
45. Terrafix Geosynthetics
46. Terram Geosynthetics Pvt. Ltd. (TGPL)
47. Texel Technical Materials Inc.,
48. Thrace Group
49. Tuflex India
50. Typar Geosynthetics

For Further Insights: https://www.maximizemarketresearch.com/market-report/global-geosynthetics-market/30009/Industries,https://www.maximizemarketresearch.com/market-report/global-geosynthetics-market/30009/
Regional Analysis:
The regional analysis segment not only identifies pivotal market drivers but also tracks regulatory shifts influencing current and future trends. Market forecasts are shaped by emerging deals, alternative sales channels, demographic shifts, regulatory reforms, and import-export tariffs across various regions.
Key Questions Answered in the Geosynthetics Market Report:
• Which segment dominated the Geosynthetics market share? • What will characterize the competitive landscape of the Geosynthetics market by 2030? • What are the principal catalysts fueling Geosynthetics market expansion? • Which region will command the lion's share of the Geosynthetics market by 2030?
About Us:
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Here is a comprehensive summary of Noopept as a nootropic supplement:
Noopept is a synthetic nootropic compound developed in Russia. It is designed to be structurally similar to piracetam but is reported to be 1000 times more potent[3][8]. Noopept is taken orally, typically at doses of 10-30mg per day[8].
Mechanisms of action:

• Increases levels of neurotrophic factors like BDNF and NGF in the hippocampus, which support neuronal growth, plasticity and memory[5][6]
• Acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, reducing oxidative stress and calcium overload[5][7]
• Modulates acetylcholine and glutamate neurotransmission involved in learning and memory[3]
• May inhibit prolyl hydroxylase enzymes and activate HIF-1 transcription factor, producing neuroprotective effects[4]

Research findings:

• Animal studies show Noopept can improve memory, learning, and protect brain cells against various types of damage and toxicity[3][5][7]
• One small clinical trial found Noopept improved cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment after stroke; however, research in healthy human subjects is lacking[2][3]
• Cell culture studies suggest Noopept may counteract pathological processes in Alzheimer's disease models, such as reducing beta-amyloid toxicity, tau phosphorylation, and apoptosis[5][7]

Safety and side effects:

• Noopept appears to be generally well-tolerated but there is limited data on its long-term safety in humans[1]
• Potential adverse effects based on anecdotal reports include headaches, irritability, sleep disturbances, and increased blood pressure[1][3]
• May interact with drugs metabolized by liver CYP enzymes[3]

Legal status:

• Unregulated as a dietary supplement in the US, but the FDA has issued warnings about unapproved medical claims and marketing[8]
• Considered a prescription drug in Russia and some other countries[8]
• Banned for sale and human consumption in the UK as of 2016[9]

In summary, while preclinical research suggests Noopept has potential as a cognitive enhancer and neuroprotectant, more clinical trials are needed to fully evaluate its efficacy, optimal dosing, and safety in humans. Its unregulated status and lack of long-term studies warrant caution. Noopept's individual effects may vary and it is advisable to consult a doctor before use.
Citations:
[1] https://examine.com/supplements/noopept/faq/what-are-noopepts-main-drawbacks/
[2] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22500312/
[3] https://examine.com/supplements/noopept/
[4] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4837574/
[5] https://jbiomedsci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12929-014-0074-2
[6] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19240853/
[7] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25096780/
[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine_ethyl_ester
[9] https://www.gov.uk/government/news/medicines-watchdog-makes-record-seizure-of-experimental-smart-drugs

I purchased a 2023 Tacoma last year. First Toyota I’ve ever owned and I like it. The salesman said oil changes are every 10k but suggested making them 5k AFTER the first 50,000 miles. Went in for my first oil change last month and I noticed on my sticker reminder on the windshield that my next change should be in 5,000 miles.
I understand that at dealerships the maintenance and sales are often separate and the salesman may have a certain belief that he is technically not an expert in. I also understand he’s trying to make a sale. I‘be also talked to mechanics in the past that said you can go 10k with modern synthetics.
I don’t want to mess up my truck. Should I bring it in when I reach 5k or run it to 10k?

it's all propaganda. it's not MK ULTRA. this is the knights of columbus doing this. they have been doing this for decades now. all the propaganda saying it's your government is made with AI generated domains that they are redirecting you to. the people on here and quora posting this bullshit fear based misleading nonsense are the group doing this. they are cronies that act like a new world order after getting fed lies and buttering them up with a check to insure their participation. they are no better than the people pulling strings which is the KofC.
the people on infrasound and rf attacks are aged out foster kids that are now adults. they use the same psyops attack vectors on targets that were used on their parents and still use on them. then tell the kids it's their fault building resentment and animosity within them. this makes them hate the foundation of family as the environments they are specifically left in are filled with addicts and sex offenders also working for the kofc in the same psyops program. they do this to have 18+ slaves that end up volunteering for this anyway. they run them through a series of physical psyops that breaks down their will where as a target receives the same treatment but on a level that is non physical. (notice how no threats they make come to pass?) they just keep talking shit. they are man made sociopaths using voice over to tell people to commit crimes like attacking an innocent person because the spatial audio they use has you worried things like "mobbing" and "street theater" are a thing. believing that you're that special and everyone is just out to get you. wrong. no one knows who you are aside from whomever you have known yourself... and everything else is the lies from the mouths of a pile of uneducated illiterate crybabies desperate to be acknowledged because they were told their mommies and daddies didn't love them and they were rescued. they are told from age 5 that they were selected for an important mission and are forced fucked that belief their whole lives. if you tell a little boy he is from space.. and everyone around him keeps that fantasy with you, he will always believe he is from space.
this is not advanced tech it's been around literally since 1968. the frey effect was developed then by dr frey. it's entirely based around microwave hearing and dropping you below the human level of hearing once the cochlear nerve has been subjected to those micro waves. anything you use today that is cordless or that has bluetooth capabilities is carried by micro waves. they are just using that wave length against you.
at some point (as does everyone) you received dental work that some dentist in your past, has put a rice sized passive in vitro radio frequency micro chip in a filling, in your gum line after being injected with novocaine, in a crown molar or root canal and or a veneer that is firmly screwed into your skull. the american dental association couldn't care less about you as they have been putting fists full of fluoride down your throats for decades now. if you're unaware of fluoride it's that lie they tell you said to strengthen teeth. what it actually is, is a byproduct of the metal and aluminum industry that they didn't know what to do with so they decided to dump it in our mouths. the dental board is all 50 to 80'year old white males.. so don't act surprised. the chip itself is made from graphite and plastic (undetectable by xray but will show up as a white gap in the space it's in) note in your xray that anywhere else you look and see a gap of space that it shows up black, yet the shape that is rice sized is a beaming white color. one side of the chip is basic identifier data and the other is a literal beacon antenna. it's not like a computer chip so stop with the nano dust chaos everyone thinks they are valuable enough to have implanted because that's an example of the problem and propaganda regarding this put in place to make you sound bonkers. a satellite acts as a giant RFID scanner (same concept as the chip in a dog or cat) where your location is "flagged" on a digital map. this and only this is how they find you.
there is no FBI or CIA list because you're without a doubt not a nuclear arms dealer and or involved with the cartel. using PSYOPS on american citizens and any variation of it has been a felony and considered an act of domestic terrorism since the organized crime control act of 1980. no need to sign petitions because it's always been illegal. police that act unaware of it are unaware because local police don't handle acts of terrorism as it is completely out of there jurisdiction. at most you make a formal police report regarding and instance you want legally documented and use that as a paper trail of the events you're inflicted by against the guilty party in court. the posts regarding how people "wish this would be illegal" are insane. EVERYTHING about this is illegal. it's breaks nearly every constitutional law in place to protect our rights as americans. which is why it's domestic terrorism at its core. the individuals posting the propaganda regarding anything other than facts on how to stop it, reach for help, prevent this or to confide in other individuals inflicted with the same attacks ARE the domestic terrorist group doing this.
imagine a giant chess game played by narcissists and sociopathic old men, there is pawns all the way to knights, queens and kings. the "faith in action" idiots are the pawns, posting opposing redirect propaganda. the you have the now grown kids they convince are important special doing this to a target for their handlers 24/7 for years at a time. hyper fixated on only the human they are siphoning data from. chemically castrated so their little boy brain in man bodies won't be distracted by hormones because men think about sex once every 1.26 hours. if they have control over their own hormones and sexual desires than they are not the slaves they are told they are not. they won't make money for their daddies if their PPs are doing the thinking. they are warped ass hats that go around saluting each other and told they are 4th degree color corps believing they are some secret military group. in reality the knights of columbus have them flagged with a color so that everyone that's not them knows they are at optimal neutralization level aka crazy enough to believe they are special enough to bypass basic training and just fell into a military uniform. the berets they don and the colors represent the level of idiot they are. so if someone sees them they know what not to say so that then illusion isn't broken. remember what i said about little boys from space. grown regular males will sit in a bar slamming nachos and yelling at a rectangle all night while a professional sports team competes.. only to say in its conclusion that "we played a good game" . excuse me "we!?"..no dude, you screamed at a rectangle and they played a good game. just because you wear their jersey doesn't mean you're on the team big guy. hopefully you get what i mean because if you don't then you deserve to be targeted.
at the top tier you have actual military groups involved but not ours. you have russia, china and north korea who have hated us from the moment columbus' drunk ass wobbled off his 3 way boat exploration. they are conspiring against us as a unit. they are taking all the things we as americans are so proud to throw around like "freedom, standing united etc" and weaponizing it to their advantage against us. where they are putting us in mental cages and dividing us in every way from hating our neighbors to having us believe that the people in positions to help us are the enemy. prior to the modern software bounty program which is what they are doing this to targets for in the fist place, was a black market of data sales that has been going on for decades. data is more valuable than gold in most cases and 3 super power nations that hate us will pay for. the best way to defeat an enemy is to know every weakness and strength from all of its peoples. if you think they are targeting you because you have special powers or are a super genius, ask yourself this... why? wouldn't they want to utilize that ingenuity instead of dumbing you down? the answer is, they don't care who you are on a personal level. it's all a giant game to them and all they want is human chess pieces to play with.
they enemy will drop no bomb and send no spies here like in EVERY movie and show that normalized "russian spies". because they are here, always have been and are our own citizens. they are using us "standing united" and dividing us using each of our united selves as a royal F__ You to bastardize anything that is in opposition communism. while we are waving flags and burning our own cities to the ground. while they have the minds of teens on tik tok becoming so egotistical that they think the followers they purchased somehow raise them to a status so great that the tide pods they have them eat will make them important. then warp their minds with PSYOPS weaponizing their young minds to go from straight A students to shooting up their classmates with an AK-47. all the while destroying every aspect of the things we throw in their faces about how american we are. meanwhile we are in a trillion dollar deficit which means negative that amount, saying how rich and powerful we are in comparison to them.. appointing the host of "the apprentice" to lead us while he brags of grabbing their women by their genitals.
you wonder why this is happening? then you make it all about yourself. they are weaponizing the ego that america has against us, using our own ego maniac people against one another. we are more divided than the continents themselves and no global catastrophe was to blame. we are. the knights of columbus aren't the top tier, they just think they are.
this is about the modernization of human slavery and how fragile a society we truly are. in no way is this a program to find criminals or to help you. you're being buttered up with a synthetic ego because of the ego we stand united with. we kicked a hornets nest along time ago and the hornets teamed up with the bees and wasps and are giving honey to theother insects so we fatten up and consume one another for them.
enjoy.
please call me crazy, i wish i was.

Obviously never going to go anywhere or something like that, but I found it a fun thought exercise. I mainly based it on the U.S constitution, let me know what you think, what you would like see added, altered or excluded.

1. This constitution outlining the rights and laws of the people and the state shall be written in stone, it shall not be expanded, abridged nor altered for any reason under any circumstance.
2. The state shall not prohibit the free exercise of religion (as long as it does not break any laws); or abridging the freedom of speech (which includes all forms of speech including hate speech), or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
3. A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people, be that foreign or domestic in the land, to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. (This includes all forms of armaments, and shall not be abridged by barrel length, rate of fire or any other factor.)
4. All drugs, be those natural or synthetic, shall be allowed to be grown, manufactured, stored, traded and consumed by the people of the land, this includes foreigners of the land as well.
5. Any individual or collective of individuals shall be allowed to secede from the state and society. They shall have the property right for legitimately purchased or precured land. This secession allows them not to pay any taxes but does not allow them to break the laws of the land even on their own property, though they create new laws on their private property but they are not covered by the public court system.
6. No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war.
7. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
8. No person shall be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb, nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.
9. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favour, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence.
10. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
11. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
12. Children are under the guardianship of their guardians, this entails that they must provide them with food or allow them to procure their own food, and shall not be allowed to torture or kill them or fair legal action can be taken, up to and including the removal of the child.
13. Animals are under the guardianship of their guardians, this entails that they must provide them with food, or allow them to procure their own food, and guardians shall not be allowed to torture them. Culling and slaughter is allowed but should be done as humanly as possible or fair legal action can be taken, up to and including the removal of the animal.
14. There shall be two court systems, one public and one private, and they shall both agree on the sentencing for it to proceed. The public court system shall be enforced by the police but not the military. The private court system shall be enforced by militias, private military contractors and armed civilians. If the two court systems can not agree on a sentencing, it shall fall upon a reputable, unbiased private third party to arbitrate. The two court systems shall agree upon an arbiter. If the two courts are unable to agree upon an arbiter, then citizens shall have the right to appoint an arbitrator, enforced by the arms of the citizen.
15. Any citizen has the right to citizen arrest of both other civilians and of government agents in the case where laws are being broken and urgent action is needed. Citizens have the right to self-defence of themselves and others against other civilians infringing on their rights, this right includes self-defence from state agents who are acting outside of their legally allowed authority.
16. The military of the state shall primarily be used for the protection of the nation, expansion of the nation through military invasion or for the protection of allies shall first and foremost be up to a popular vote and must be passed by law of the correct authorities.
17. Ignorance of the law does not preclude you from criminal persecution, as state agents shall have a better knowledge of the laws they are held to a higher standard than civilians, which includes harsher punishments.
18. Companies and business owners shall have the right to discriminate against people from employment and trading based on race, gender, sexuality or based on religious views.
19. The people shall have the right to form unions but shall not have any extra legal protections, rights or subsidies.
20. Borders of the country shall remain open for both travel and trade.
21. Taxation is theft and shall be minimized, there shall be no property tax, sales tax, capital or unrealized gains tax nor income tax. The only tax allowed shall be tariffs, this tax code shall not be abridged nor expanded for any reason. All other contributions to for example welfare and healthcare shall be made on a voluntary basis.
22. Children shall be allowed to take on employment and earn their own money, but shall not be forced by their guardians to do so against the will of the child.
23. The state does not have the right to eminent domain, all acquisition of property shall be made on a voluntary basis.
24. The state currency shall be backed by gold. Individuals or companies are free to create and use their own competing currencies.
25. Rape, theft, fraud, property destruction, assault (sexual or other) and murder shall be illegal.
26. State misconduct or corruption can be investigated internally, but sentencing shall be done by the private courts to prevent misuse of power.
27. Private police, military and security shall be allowed, and people or business owners should have the right to expand upon laws on their property, but not abridge any laws of the country.
28. Insider trading shall be illegal.
29. Only citizens shall have the right to vote.
30. The country shall have a leader, this leader has the right to command the military, but only within the bounds of the law. This leader shall also be responsible for public relations with both foreign and domestic entities.
31. Voting shall be done in person or online via blockchain, ID verification is needed to vote. Citizens shall submit three ballots, one shall be counted by a public institution, the other shall be counted by a private institution and the third shall be open to the public citizens to verify.
32. Food or drug regulations shall be done by the free market, but a public institution that researches the food or drug for safety shall be allowed, it shall be counterbalanced by the research of an unbiased private institution, both shall make their findings public.
33. Whistleblowing or leaking of confidential information shall not be allowed and shall be considered treason, except in the case where the state has acted outside the bounds of the law.

I recently plead guilty to simple possession of cocaine, which is is felony in my state. I didn't do any time and it's only my second offense, the first being a weed charge from 10 years ago and it's now legal in my state. I make decent money now as a bartender but I'm looking for a career with more opportunities for advancement. Ive been reading online that sales is a pretty forgiving career. I have a college degree as well. Anybody have luck getting into a sales career with a felony and how did you do it? Is it paying off?

​
To do so, is asinine and goes against my own principles as a consumer. This pains me greatly doing this because I truly love this game. It’s my favorite game ever and by far the most hours I’ve put into a game. This was exactly the kind of game that I’ve always wanted and I could happily play this forever. I’m just shy of 2.7k hours, but I can’t see myself spending another second with the game. I’ve really tried to look past the madness and just enjoy the game, but this feeling just keeps festering.
From launch, this game was pretty bare bones, but solid. The potential to be great was definitely there and for the most part, that potential has been fulfilled. However, my love for this game won’t blind me from looking at this objectively. I can’t ignore the atrocities that have unfolded over the past 3 years. We’ve been paying premium prices for a game that has been in a continuous beta state since its release. This game is THE prime example of what's wrong with the game industry in so many ways.
2023 was a complete wash for me. First Contact - was lackluster and overall more annoying than anything else. (I was achievement hunting - trying to get “Outside Context” was hell) Paragons was a HOT mess that took another 6 months to sort out. The corporate speak BS of why the price increases - eye roll -. The fiasco from the Dev Diary #317, cut deep, Astral Planes - the most blatant cash grab of them all made me wish I hadn’t bought it.
I’ve been sitting on this for the past two years, but the realization started long before. In my eyes, the Nemesis DLC was the beginning of the downfall. Astral Plans was the final straw. The first five years of this game was held together by mods. I was always scouring it to enhance my playthroughs. Even when the major expansions came out, the modders were there to flesh them out, providing better depth. Some of the mods are / were truly amazing - Expanded Gestalts: Forgotten Queens - and should absolutely be incorporated into the base game. A number of them have been abandoned, it has been 8 years and people move on. It’s a crying shame they’re not in the game. I wish we as a community could vote for mods to be implemented into the game, since Paradox is taking from the workshop and selling them to us. Maybe the Custodian team could pivot to this. There are mods for MegaCorp, Federations, Nemesis and Overlord that beef up and provide a substantial amount of depth to the gameplay.
One of my biggest gripes and unfortunately, and I find this to be absolutely mind blowing, a major component of Nemesis was taken from a mod and sold to us! Propaganda and Espionage. There was no mention of the modder(s) or any kind of credit given. But then it turns out to be by far the most underwhelming of the major expansions and up until the end of Q3 of 2023, a 2 year old dlc with only a 30% discount?! There was little effort put into that expansion. The crisis ships are the exact same as the marauders. Next to no depth within the mechanics.
A puppet master's origin must have been too hard to conceptualize or implement. The ability to tear an enemy empire apart from within via espionage, none. The Custodian / Imperium needed to be fleshed out. The AI would never go the Imperium path. Being the crisis was cool the first time and I never bothered doing another run afterwards.
Seven years after launch, The Machine Age is looking like their best one since Utopia, then they slap a $25 price tag on it! The base game is $40. Even with the discount of getting the season 8 pass, it's $40….excuse me, am I missing something here? You telling me this content is the equivalent of the base game, even with the base game at launch missing core features… HARD PASS. Let's be real here, most of this DLC is what Synthetic Dawn should have been. The rest is for Nemesis and a bit for Utopia. I’m not dealing with that madness! Inflation? No, this 100% “Greed”flation - no amount of corporate speak is going to save you from the people that really know how this business works. Stop treating us like lemmings! Year after year, the company has increased its revenue with 2023, being their best year yet. Yet, the DLC’s prices increase and the quality of them overall have steadily gone down - minus Machine Age. This game has sold millions and has been their best seller for a while now, in the top 50 on steam, when on sale, easy top 10. The price point, which, by the way, will be pushing $450 at year's end is disgusting! Even on sale - $240! I’m not one to leave reviews on Steam - I may for this one - but this predatory behavior needs to be called out en masse.
It sucks to the highest accord that this is made by Paradox. With lame launches to other PDX titles, those losses they incurred got passed on to the Stellaris community. This is what happens when people are in charge of something they don’t even know or care about from a gamers perspective. They take our love and passion for these games and tear it apart. Even the devs catch hell when the games do poorly and they want to keep their massive bonuses intact. They are more concerned with the bottom line and milking their fan bases than they are about the games. I bet these decision makers don’t even know how to play their own games. EA started this mess, but Paradox has perfected this slimy practice. The past two years of crap games and DLC’s have shown that. I would bet anything that the next expansions will follow the same pattern. Astral Planes is an extension of Ancient Relics. Cosmic Storms looks like an extension to Distant Stars. I have a hard time believing that trend will break. Morally, they’re bankrupt and unfortunately for us, the consumer, their predatory antics have no end in sight.
Last thing, and this is just my personal feelings about this. Dev Diary #317. I felt like that was a big middle finger to the community. First, again, another mod was taken and sold. (Look how well that worked out) I’m not a Star Trek fan, so I never had any interest in it to begin with, but to take an entire dev diary and tell us about a mod that you’re pushing to sell, is a really dense move. There could have been a paragraph mentioning the mod - ahem - game letting us know about it. I’ve always looked forward to reading the diaries, but that was a waste. A link to the actual dev diary for that mod would have sufficed. That’s not all though and this is where I feel like the Stellaris community saw PDX true colors. When questioned about the reason for taking an entire diary, PDX-Ruk response - comment #34 - “I am the Producer for Stellaris, I throw my weight around, I do what I want.” …… …… …..excuse me, WHAT!? Buddy, if I was your boss, I would have told you to throw your building access badge on the desk and told you to vacate the premises ASAP. This person represents the game and company and you’re going to respond like that? Buzz off! The fact that this individual still works there, speaks volumes! There was never an apology, statement or anything from PDX, simply saying, we value and respect our community. Tone deaf on all fronts. It felt like a slap in the face to me and the sting hasn’t quite left yet.
Paradox has clearly forgotten who they are and how they got to be where they are. The good will that they had built up over the past couple of decades has been incinerated by shady antics, greed and poor effort by leadership. Best of luck to the devs!! I will never buy another PDX game. I will wait until this game is done being supported and on a massive sale to get the remaining DLC’s. I’m done. Thanks for the memories.

If you can't read the table properly, use old reddit, not new reddit.
This is my comparison between some chelsea boots available in Australia since there aren't many reviews out there. I've only worn the Thomas Cook Trenthams extensively as my daily pair since I work in a messy environment and I can just easily wipe them without worrying. I will make a follow up eventually when I break in the other two.
TL;DR I think you should save up and just get the RMs rather than dealing with cheaper alternatives (Thomas Cook, Ian Harold, Baxter, Rossi, Ringers Western, Ariat, etc) if you're like me and think they look the best out of the bunch. The price difference really isn't much when you get them on sale. BUT ONLY BUY THE RMs WHEN THEY'RE ON SALE FOR $450 OR CHEAPER. IF THEY'RE ALWAYS ON SALE THEN THAT'S WHAT THEIR REAL PRICE IS.

Criteria	R.M. Williams Comfort Craftsman in Black Yearling	Ian Harold Grazier in Chocolate Yearling	Thomas Cook Trentham in Chestnut
Price paid in AUD	$394.3 + Free Shipping in 2023 from The Iconic after stacking discount coupon and discounted gift cards	$299.90 + $6.50 Shipping in 2022 while on sale at Everything Australian	$199 + Free Shipping in 2022 from Eidsvold Rural
Leather Uppers	Semi-aniline probably, acrylic paint finish I believe. Absorbs water pretty slowly or maybe not really. Grain visible in some areas 1, 2, and in other areas completely finished off. Soft, which makes it feel 'premium' I guess. Not actually Australian leather.	Semi-aniline I think. It has some sort of pigment (probably acrylic paint) and it absorbs water after a bit if not protected, faster than the RMs in my case. Some of the leather grain is still visible (I hope), and other areas not really. It is still a bit stiff though. Australian leather according the website.	Plastic coated leather, no grain left and stiff. Same stuff as 99% of "leather" products out there. This means it's waterproof, which is useful for me because I don't have to be careful with them. But it also means they will crack eventually and conditioning doesn't do anything. Can you repair scuffs? I'm not really sure, I haven't tried.
Country of Manufacture	Australia with 0% Australian ingredients according to Reddit.	Vietnam I think	China
Lining Leather	Soft as well.	Yearling on the inside as well apparently, feels fine.	Same plastic stuff that's on the outside.
Outsole	Cork rubber sole	Cork rubber sole. I think the nails are pointless to be honest.	Rubber sole
Heel Stack	Some leather, some synthetics, but pretty thick rubber top lift. Nailed.	Single piece of rubber. Nailed according to the website.	Probably not leather heel stack, and thinner rubber top lift. Nailed.
Construction and Midsole	Goodyear welt. Cork 'midsole'. I think the welt is leather.	Blake rapid stitch I believe, with leather midsole acting as the welt. They do still say they have a cork filler though. No rand. Resoling is the same as any other Goodyear welt shoe/boot.	I think it's a Goodyear welt based off of the rapid stitch on the outside and rand present.
Insole	Poron foam footbed that's glued to Texon fibreboard I believe.	Leather insole with Poron footbed.	Probably fibreboard insole , with foam insert.
Pull Tabs	Good size. Soft and flexible, but doesn't stay in place.	Way too big and obnoxious. Same size as Doc Martens pull tab. Stiff, sticks up, and forms a loop rather than being flat. You have to iron it or something to make it flat.	Good size. Stays in place, malleable.
Overall Looks	Looks the best in terms of silhouette. Slim. Best looking chelsea boot in my opinion.	Pull tabs super obnoxious. Otherwise looks clean. Slim middle but a bit wide at the heel and ball of the foot.	Looks quite wide when compared to the other two. Toe is very square as a result. Otherwise looks fine.
Size	8H Australia/UK	7.5 Australia/UK	8EEE Australia
Fit and Comfort	Currently feels like there's excess room above the ball of the foot. Otherwise good fit and very comfortable, even from the first wear.	Fit not as good. Heel is a bit wide and it doesn't quite hug the ankle that well, where there's free space. This isn't a problem with the other two. Not broken in yet, but when walking the creasing is hurting the top of my foot. Otherwise comfortable.	Fits me the best arguably but it is broken in so that's not an unexpected result. At the start I think the leather was hitting my foot as well when it creased as I walked. Can wear all day as long as I'm not standing for too long.
Build Quality	Very good build quality and overall finish. Some minor stitching errors but not really an issue.	Arguable even cleaner build quality vs the RMs, when it comes to the welt at least. More stitches per inch but that's pretty meaningless. Almost too perfect to the point where it doesn't look hand-made any more, except for some loose threads.	Not as good as the other two. When brand new, would appear high quality to people who have never bought a pair of Goodyear welt shoes.
Final Thoughts	Despite the Reddit contrarian saying that these are dropping in quality and becoming overpriced, I would still say they are worth it if you get them on sale ($450 or less). I can't really say that any of the cheaper alternatives are better yet. Full price probably not worth it.	Good for $300 quality-wise, but for their current RRP I would say get the RMs because they look and fit better for the same price (RMs on sale that is). Hard to say if the quality is BETTER than the RMs or not.	Good for $200 I guess but wouldn't pay any more than that. The point of a Goodyear welt is to be able to resole the boot, but if a resole costs the same as the boot then why even bother. Especially since the leather is not high quality. I'm just gonna wear through the sole and then throw them away.

Time to clap your cheeks with a story that’ll knock your panties into tizzy buds. I’m some dude that does financing for people on luxury cars once in a while, and this blowhole was no exception.
Ever since the pandemic waned away, the car world has seen a massive ass coaster of ups and downs. Some lucky fuckheads climbed their way in on their way to the top of the mountain and others decided to hitch a ride on the long fuckin way down.
And here I am vaguely watching from the sidelines but also giving out shovels and sleds for the dummies wanting to bury themselves. This very much includes myself.
Here’s where my pal Ralph enters the picture.
Ralph was good old Canadian lad raised in a wholesome home with the proper morals, apart from his crippling cocaine and hooker addiction. He’d decided it was finally time to be a grown up and to set his family up properly with a nice ass luxury SUV.
Ralph stumbled in on a fine Saturday morning around the middle of July reeking of booze with eyeballs the size of dinner plates. He must have been shocked by the mountain top prices.
He was a firm believer in the Canadian dream of burying himself in as much debt as possible, and wanted to find the right performance SUV to send himself down the river in.
Thankfully, he’d landed himself in the right hands and before he knew it he’d been whisked off on 6 different test drives of the whole product line up. It was a slow day.
6 cars is too many for anyone to take in, so he’d left for the day promising to return the following Monday with a decision made.
Nope.
He needed to drive another 4 different cars before making a decision. Not a typical process, but some folks can be a bit eccentric and need to see the way the exact same car drives 3 different times.
Was he ready to make a decision?
Not quite.
After another 7 test drives of different SUVs, including but not limited to, an SQ5, Q7, Q8, Q8 e-tron, Q5 with a sport package, a used Q8, a different used Q8 that was basically the same and yet another Q8 that was also basically the same but with a couple of cum stains, he was almost ready to make up his mind.
Not that day though.
He came back the following day and had ruled out the cum stain Q8 on account of the cum stains. Smart man, he probably wanted to leave his own. Once he loaded up with his daily intake of 3 coffees from our machine, it was time to get down to business.
He’d gone forth and back and back and forth and side to side til he found a way to swing the numbers just so he could maybe probably consider making most of the payments usually on one of the used Q8s he’d driven.
But Ralph had never owned a car before and had no idea if he had good credit or not so he definitely needed to come hang out with me first to see if this was worth his time before committing. Good call after the 26 test drives bucko.
He swings on by to see me and right away I figure out that he’s not gonna be the quickest approval I’ve ever had. He was working for a family business overseas and his method of tracking his income was yelling at someone far away whenever he needed some dough.
But fuck it, it’s not my job to say no, so may as well see what some banks will do with him.
We stumble our way through a credit app until we end up at his precarious income situation and he couldn’t give me any indication of what he makes apart from it being a significant amount.
Ok Ralph, what’s significant? $50k/month?
Oh no way, that’s way too much.
Ok, so what do you usually see go in to your bank account monthly?
I dunno, it’s a lot though.
What’s a lot? $30k a month.
Probably not that much, maybe $20k.
Ok cool, do you claim that with the government?
Huh?
Do you tell the government you make that much?
Na man then I’d have to pay taxes and shit.
Uh-huh…so what do you tell the government you make?
I haven’t told them.
Cool beans. Which bank are you with again? Maybe they can check out your banking records and make something happen.
And that’s exactly what happened. Someone took a look at his account and said yeah fuck it we’ll give him a shot. Get this man his non cum stained Q8 please.
So lucky Ralph managed to pick up his beautiful stainless Q8 and all was well - right?
Na dawg.
He’d gone back to renegotiate his deal 3 more times and had wrung out every penny that could be wrung until he was finally ready to set sail on his maiden voyage. We dropped our pants and puckered our butts each time he’d asked for more before farting a couple more pennies into his face (it’s your fault for reading this far).
Time to make this thing spick and span with a nice spit shine and get this fuckin thing out of our lives.
But he just kept on coming back.
First it was for the coffee. In his defence, our machine is pretty damn good.
Then it was for a small scratch he’d claimed we’d fix. Hmm, wasn’t there before but ok bud we’ll go to town on it.
After that it was to bang a couple of rails off the bathroom mirrror. Can’t confirm or deny this but the white dust chilling on the counter and his upper lip was awfully suspicious.
Finally it was to get some more made up stuff fixed on his perfectly used Q8. The thing made a strange squeak when he farted in it, so naturally that meant he needed a warranty claim done through service.
Now, of course any self respecting Canuck business fuck type is going to demand a loaner after ripping the rails off the sink in a high end bathroom, so naturally we gave him the sales manager’s demo while service investigated the fart noise.
He needed to keep showing the world how much of a badass he was in his Audi and the heel toe express wouldn’t cut it.
This is when shit went south real fast. We got a call from the police in a city 500km away saying they’d impounded our vehicle for reckless driving. Wreck it Ralph had gone on his latest bender heading towards the Quebecois border and decided to bring us into the mix. The kindly folks at the precinct advised they’d need to be paid $7500 in impound charges and fines if we ever wanted to see our pretty lil demo again.
No idea if we ever got our car back, but we haven’t heard a peep from our boy Ralph since that call. Maybe the Frenchies dragged him into their underworld to do some nose skiing and he’ll never come back.

It pains me, but I'm putting my rig up for sale - just bought a house and we only really need one car in the family. Please read the description as many of your questions may be answered.
https://imgur.com/a/bpoYZgd
The Good:

• 3 POs including myself
• Clean VA title in hand
• Clean Carfax
• ~87k miles, plenty of life is an understatement
• Cold A/C and hot heat
• No CEL
• Repainted factory blizzard pearl (decent, but not perfect, but you don't have to deal with flaking)
• LED conversion on most lights
• Airbag delete w/ 2-3" lift
• TRD wheels with 33" tires
• Fluids drained/replaced ~3k miles ago (brake, diff, trans, etc.)
• Synthetic oil changes (last ~2k miles ago)
• Both front CV axles replaced ~5k miles ago
• Dashcam included (hardwired)
• Converted undercarriage surface rust with Eastwood Rust Encapsulator Plus
• Gave it a coat of WoolWax past winter
• Weathertech floor mats and cargo mat
• Tires are insured by Discount Tire (if they go bad, get a free replacement)
• Yearly alignment with NTB until 2027
• Extra goodies come with it (pictured) since I have no use for them when it goes
• Have documented receipts of work done and also have access to Lexus maintenance work history

The Bad:

• Inoperable sunroof (I put PPF over it to prevent leaking)
• TPMS light on due to dead sensor in spare (or flat spare... idk it's useless anyways); 4 tires are fine
• Typical cracked dash
• Some small scratches here and there
• Rattling coming from a loose heat shield (I can just JB weld it or you can cut it off)

I was told by the PO that the TB/WP were replaced around ~65k miles, but I couldn't find any information or proof of it... So maybe it wasn't actually done. Aisin parts on rockauto cost about $300 to replace both.
The pictures of the undercarriage on the lift were from ~1.5 years ago when I put the rust convertor on. A little bit of rust is peeking through, but it's really a non-issue.
Comment with any questions.
$17,570. No trades. I only negotiate in person.

Title: Understanding Fentanyl: Uses, Risks, and Controversies
Introduction: Fentanyl, a potent synthetic opioid, has gained significant attention in recent years due to its role in the opioid epidemic. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of fentanyl, including its medical uses, associated risks, and the controversies surrounding its widespread misuse.
Medical Uses: Originally developed for managing severe pain, especially in cancer patients, fentanyl is an analgesic that is 50 to 100 times more potent than morphine. It is commonly used in medical settings for pain management during surgeries, chronic pain conditions, and palliative care.
Risk Factors: While fentanyl is effective in controlling pain when administered under medical supervision, its misuse poses serious health risks. The drug's high potency increases the likelihood of overdose, leading to respiratory depression and, in extreme cases, death. Illicitly manufactured fentanyl, often mixed with other substances, has been a major contributor to the rising number of opioid-related deaths.
Controversies and Illicit Use: The illicit use of fentanyl has sparked controversy and public health concerns. The drug is often clandestinely produced and added to other drugs, such as heroin or cocaine, without the user's knowledge. This has resulted in a surge in overdoses, as individuals may unintentionally consume lethal doses of the opioid.
Law Enforcement and Regulation: Governments and law enforcement agencies worldwide are grappling with the challenges posed by the illicit production and distribution of fentanyl. Efforts to regulate its manufacturing and distribution are ongoing, with stricter controls in place to prevent diversion into illegal channels.
Treatment and Harm Reduction: Addressing the fentanyl crisis requires a multi-faceted approach, including expanded access to addiction treatment, harm reduction strategies, and public awareness campaigns. Naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, has proven effective in reversing opioid overdoses and is increasingly available to first responders and the general public.
Conclusion: Fentanyl, with its remarkable pain-relieving properties, has become a double-edged sword in the realm of healthcare. While it serves a crucial role in medical settings, its misuse poses severe risks to public health. Efforts to combat the opioid epidemic must focus on education, regulation, and treatment to strike a balance between managing pain effectively and preventing the tragic consequences of its illicit use.
Narcan, also known by its generic name naloxone, is a medication used to rapidly reverse opioid overdose. It works by binding to the same receptors in the brain that opioids target, effectively reversing the life-threatening effects of opioid toxicity. Narcan is commonly administered in emergency situations where an individual is experiencing respiratory depression or unconsciousness due to opioid overdose.
Emergency responders, healthcare professionals, and even some non-professionals, such as family members of individuals at risk of opioid overdose, may carry naloxone. The medication is available in various forms, including nasal sprays and injectable formulations, making it accessible for different situations.
The prompt administration of Narcan can restore normal breathing and consciousness, providing crucial time for the affected person to receive further medical attention. It is an essential tool in harm reduction strategies aimed at preventing opioid-related deaths and is a key component of public health initiatives addressing the opioid epidemic.
Suboxone is a prescription medication used in the treatment of opioid dependence and addiction. It is a combination of two active ingredients: buprenorphine and naloxone.

1. Buprenorphine: This is a partial opioid agonist, meaning it binds to the same receptors in the brain that opioids bind to but with less intensity. It helps to reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms, allowing individuals in recovery to better manage their addiction.
   
2. Naloxone: Naloxone is an opioid receptor antagonist, which means it blocks the effects of opioids. When taken as directed, naloxone remains largely inactive. However, if someone were to misuse Suboxone by injecting it, the naloxone component can counteract the opioid effects, reducing the risk of misuse.
   

Suboxone is often prescribed as part of medication-assisted treatment (MAT), a comprehensive approach to opioid addiction that includes counseling, therapy, and support services. It can be used in the detoxification phase as well as for long-term maintenance therapy. The goal of Suboxone treatment is to help individuals gradually reduce their dependence on opioids, manage cravings, and improve their overall quality of life during recovery.
It's important to note that Suboxone should only be used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional, as improper use or abrupt discontinuation can lead to withdrawal symptoms or other complications.
Precipitated withdrawal refers to the accelerated onset of withdrawal symptoms, often more severe than typical, when an opioid antagonist is introduced to the body. This occurs because the antagonist displaces the opioid from receptors, leading to a sudden and intense withdrawal reaction.
For example, if someone is currently dependent on opioids and receives a medication like naloxone or naltrexone, which are opioid antagonists, it can rapidly trigger withdrawal symptoms. This is a safety mechanism, as these medications are often used to reverse opioid overdose or as part of addiction treatment.
The term is commonly associated with medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder, where medications like buprenorphine (a partial opioid agonist) are used. If buprenorphine is administered before other full opioids have cleared from the system, it can displace those opioids from receptors, leading to precipitated withdrawal. This is why healthcare providers carefully time the initiation of medications like buprenorphine to avoid this intensified withdrawal reaction.
Understanding the potential for precipitated withdrawal is crucial in the context of addiction treatment to ensure safe and effective transitions between medications and to minimize discomfort for individuals in recovery.
Using Suboxone involves adherence to a specific treatment plan under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional. Here are some key aspects related to the use of Suboxone:

1. Prescription and Medical Supervision: Suboxone is a prescription medication, and its use should be initiated and supervised by a qualified healthcare provider, typically in the context of medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorder.
   
2. Dosage: The healthcare provider will determine the appropriate dosage based on the individual's specific needs and response to the medication. It's essential to follow the prescribed dosage and not adjust it without consulting the healthcare provider.
   
3. Administration: Suboxone is often administered sublingually, meaning it is placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve. This method allows for the absorption of the medication into the bloodstream.
   
4. Timing: The timing of Suboxone administration is crucial. It is often started when the individual is in a mild to moderate state of withdrawal to reduce the risk of precipitated withdrawal. The healthcare provider will provide guidance on the appropriate timing.
   
5. Regular Monitoring: During Suboxone treatment, individuals are regularly monitored by healthcare professionals to assess progress, manage side effects, and adjust the treatment plan as needed.
   
6. Counseling and Support: Suboxone is typically part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes counseling, therapy, and support services. This holistic approach addresses both the physical and psychological aspects of opioid addiction.
   
7. Gradual Tapering: Depending on the treatment plan, there may be a gradual tapering of Suboxone dosage as the individual progresses in their recovery. Tapering is done under medical supervision to minimize withdrawal symptoms.
   
8. Avoiding Other Opioids: It's crucial to avoid the use of other opioids while taking Suboxone. Combining opioids can lead to dangerous interactions and diminish the effectiveness of the treatment.
   
9. Side Effects and Reporting: Like any medication, Suboxone may have side effects. Common side effects include headache, nausea, and constipation. Any unusual or severe side effects should be promptly reported to the healthcare provider.
   
10. Pregnancy Considerations: If an individual is pregnant or planning to become pregnant, it's important to discuss this with the healthcare provider, as the use of Suboxone during pregnancy requires careful consideration.
    

Always follow the guidance of your healthcare provider and inform them of any concerns or changes in your condition during Suboxone treatment. Successful recovery often involves a combination of medication, counseling, and support tailored to individual needs.
Suboxone, when used as prescribed under the supervision of a healthcare professional as part of medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorder, has a lower potential for abuse and addiction compared to full opioid agonists. This is because Suboxone contains buprenorphine, a partial opioid agonist, which has a ceiling effect on its opioid effects.
Buprenorphine's partial agonist properties mean that it activates opioid receptors in the brain to a lesser extent than full agonists like heroin or oxycodone. As a result, the euphoria and respiratory depression associated with opioid abuse are less pronounced with buprenorphine.
However, it's essential to emphasize that any medication, including Suboxone, should be taken exactly as prescribed by a healthcare professional. Misuse, such as taking larger doses or combining Suboxone with other substances, can increase the risk of dependence or addiction.
Abruptly stopping Suboxone can lead to withdrawal symptoms, emphasizing the importance of a gradual tapering plan under medical supervision when discontinuing the medication. It's crucial for individuals using Suboxone to work closely with their healthcare provider to ensure proper management of their opioid use disorder and to address any concerns or side effects during the course of treatment.
Withdrawal symptoms from Suboxone, or buprenorphine (the active ingredient in Suboxone), can occur when someone who has been using the medication for an extended period stops taking it abruptly. It's important to note that withdrawal symptoms can vary in intensity and duration based on factors such as the individual's overall health, the duration of Suboxone use, and the dosage.
Common withdrawal symptoms from Suboxone may include:

1. Nausea and vomiting
2. Diarrhea
3. Muscle aches and pains
4. Sweating
5. Insomnia or sleep disturbances
6. Anxiety
7. Irritability
8. Runny nose and teary eyes
9. Goosebumps (piloerection)
10. Dilated pupils

It's important to distinguish between withdrawal symptoms and precipitated withdrawal. Precipitated withdrawal can occur if someone takes Suboxone too soon after using a full opioid agonist, leading to a more rapid and intense onset of withdrawal symptoms.
Withdrawal from Suboxone is generally considered less severe than withdrawal from full opioid agonists, and the symptoms tend to peak within the first 72 hours after discontinuation. However, the duration and severity can vary from person to person.
If an individual is considering stopping Suboxone or adjusting their dosage, it's crucial to do so under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Tapering the medication gradually, rather than stopping abruptly, can help minimize withdrawal symptoms and increase the chances of a successful transition to recovery. Seeking support from healthcare providers, counselors, and support groups is essential during this process.
Kratom is a tropical tree native to Southeast Asia, specifically in countries like Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Myanmar. The leaves of the Kratom tree have been traditionally used for various purposes, including as a stimulant, a pain reliever, and to manage opioid withdrawal symptoms.
The active compounds in Kratom, called alkaloids, interact with opioid receptors in the brain, producing effects that can vary depending on the strain and dosage. These effects can include:

1. Stimulation: At lower doses, Kratom may act as a stimulant, promoting increased energy, alertness, and sociability.
   
2. Sedation: At higher doses, Kratom may have sedative effects, leading to relaxation and pain relief.
   
3. Pain Relief: Kratom has been used traditionally for its analgesic properties, and some people use it as a natural remedy for pain.
   
4. Mood Enhancement: Some users report improved mood and reduced anxiety after consuming Kratom.
   

However, it's important to note that Kratom is not regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and its safety and effectiveness for various uses have not been clinically proven. There are potential risks associated with Kratom use, including dependence, addiction, and adverse effects such as nausea, constipation, and increased heart rate.
Due to these concerns, Kratom has been a subject of regulatory scrutiny in various countries, with some regions imposing restrictions or outright bans on its sale and use. It is essential for individuals to exercise caution, seek reliable information, and consult with healthcare professionals before considering the use of Kratom, especially for medicinal purposes or to manage opioid withdrawal.
Methadone is a synthetic opioid medication used primarily in the treatment of opioid dependence, particularly in the context of medication-assisted treatment (MAT). It is a long-acting opioid agonist, meaning it activates the same opioid receptors in the brain that other opioids, like heroin or morphine, do.
Key points about Methadone include:

1. Opioid Dependence Treatment: Methadone is often used as a maintenance medication to help individuals reduce or quit the use of illicit opioids. It helps by reducing cravings and withdrawal symptoms.
   
2. Long-Lasting Effect: One significant advantage of methadone is its long duration of action. A single daily dose can help stabilize individuals, preventing the highs and lows associated with short-acting opioids.
   
3. Supervised Administration: In some cases, methadone is provided through supervised administration in specialized clinics to ensure proper use and minimize the risk of diversion.
   
4. Tolerance and Dependence: Like other opioids, individuals using methadone can develop tolerance and dependence. Therefore, the dosage needs to be carefully managed, and discontinuation should be done gradually under medical supervision.
   
5. Reduction of Illicit Drug Use: When used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan, methadone has been shown to reduce illicit opioid use, lower the risk of overdose, and improve overall health outcomes.
   
6. Potential Side Effects: Methadone can have side effects, including constipation, sweating, drowsiness, and changes in libido. It's important for individuals to report any adverse effects to their healthcare provider.
   
7. Regulated Use: The use of methadone is tightly regulated, and it is typically dispensed through specialized clinics or healthcare providers who are authorized to prescribe it for opioid use disorder treatment.
   

Methadone treatment is part of a broader approach that often includes counseling, therapy, and support services. It has been a valuable tool in harm reduction strategies aimed at addressing the opioid epidemic and helping individuals achieve and maintain recovery.
Narcotics Anonymous (NA) is a 12-step program that provides support for individuals recovering from addiction, particularly those struggling with substance abuse issues. It is important to note that NA, like other 12-step programs, does not have an official stance or opinion on specific medical treatments, including medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for withdrawal.
The approach to medication assistance in withdrawal can vary among individuals within the NA community. Some may find success and support in MAT, while others may choose alternative methods or prefer an abstinence-based approach. NA encourages individuals to share their experiences, strength, and hope, but it does not dictate specific treatment choices.
The primary focus of NA is on mutual support, fellowship, and following the 12-step principles, which include admitting powerlessness over addiction, seeking spiritual awakening, and helping others in recovery. Members of NA are encouraged to respect each other's choices and paths to recovery.
It's essential for individuals seeking support for addiction to find a treatment plan that aligns with their needs and values. Consulting with healthcare professionals, attending support groups, and considering various treatment options can be part of a comprehensive approach to recovery.
SMART Recovery (Self-Management and Recovery Training) is a science-based, secular alternative to traditional 12-step programs like Narcotics Anonymous. SMART Recovery emphasizes self-empowerment and utilizes evidence-based techniques to support individuals in overcoming addiction.
Regarding Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT), SMART Recovery takes a neutral stance. The program acknowledges that MAT, when prescribed and monitored by healthcare professionals, can be a valid and effective part of a comprehensive approach to addiction treatment. SMART Recovery recognizes that different individuals may have unique needs, and treatment plans should be tailored to the individual's circumstances.
SMART Recovery's focus is on teaching self-reliance, coping skills, and strategies for managing urges and behaviors associated with addiction. The program encourages participants to make informed decisions about their recovery, including the consideration of medications that may be prescribed by healthcare providers.
Ultimately, SMART Recovery emphasizes a holistic and individualized approach to recovery, allowing participants to choose the methods and tools that best suit their needs and align with their values. This includes being open to the potential benefits of MAT for some individuals as part of their overall recovery plan.
Several treatment modalities are available for individuals struggling with opioid use disorder. The most effective approach often involves a combination of different strategies. Here are some key treatment modalities for opioid addiction:

1. Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT): MAT involves the use of medications, such as methadone, buprenorphine (Suboxone), and naltrexone, to help manage cravings, reduce withdrawal symptoms, and support recovery. These medications are often used in combination with counseling and therapy.
   
2. Counseling and Behavioral Therapies: Various forms of counseling and behavioral therapies are crucial components of opioid addiction treatment. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), contingency management, motivational enhancement therapy, and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) are among the approaches used to address the psychological aspects of addiction and help individuals develop coping skills.
   
3. Support Groups and 12-Step Programs: Participating in support groups like Narcotics Anonymous (NA) or 12-step programs can provide valuable peer support, encouragement, and a sense of community for individuals in recovery.
   
4. Detoxification Programs: Medically supervised detoxification programs help individuals safely manage the acute withdrawal symptoms associated with stopping opioid use. These programs often serve as the initial phase of treatment.
   
5. Residential or Inpatient Treatment: Inpatient treatment programs provide a structured and supportive environment for individuals to focus on recovery. These programs may include a combination of medical supervision, counseling, and therapeutic activities.
   
6. Outpatient Treatment: Outpatient programs allow individuals to receive treatment while living at home. This flexibility can be beneficial for those with work or family commitments. Outpatient treatment often includes counseling, therapy, and medication management.
   
7. Holistic and Alternative Therapies: Some individuals find benefit from holistic approaches, such as acupuncture, yoga, meditation, or mindfulness practices. These can complement traditional treatment modalities and contribute to overall well-being.
   
8. Peer Recovery Support Services: Peer recovery support services involve individuals with lived experience in recovery providing support, guidance, and encouragement to others going through similar challenges.
   

The most effective treatment plans are often individualized, taking into account the specific needs, preferences, and circumstances of each person. Collaborating with healthcare professionals to develop a comprehensive and tailored approach can significantly enhance the chances of successful recovery from opioid addiction.
The withdrawal timeline for fentanyl, a potent synthetic opioid, can vary among individuals based on factors such as the duration and intensity of use, individual metabolism, and overall health. Fentanyl withdrawal symptoms typically start shortly after the last dose and follow a general timeline:

1. Early Symptoms (Within a few hours): Early withdrawal symptoms may include anxiety, restlessness, sweating, and increased heart rate. Individuals may also experience muscle aches and insomnia.
   
2. Peak Intensity (24-72 hours): Withdrawal symptoms usually peak within the first 24 to 72 hours after discontinuing fentanyl. During this time, individuals may experience more intense symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, dilated pupils, and flu-like symptoms.
   
3. Subsiding Symptoms (5-7 days): The most acute withdrawal symptoms generally begin to subside within about five to seven days. However, some symptoms, such as insomnia, anxiety, and mood swings, may persist for a more extended period.
   
4. Post-Acute Withdrawal Syndrome (PAWS): Some individuals may experience a more prolonged period of withdrawal symptoms known as post-acute withdrawal syndrome (PAWS). This can include lingering psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depression, irritability, and difficulty concentrating. PAWS can persist for weeks or even months.
   

It's crucial to note that fentanyl withdrawal can be challenging, and seeking professional help is recommended to manage symptoms safely and effectively. Medical supervision can provide support through the detoxification process, and healthcare professionals may use medications to alleviate specific withdrawal symptoms and improve the overall comfort of the individual.
The withdrawal process is highly individual, and some individuals may find additional support through counseling, therapy, and participation in support groups to address the psychological aspects of recovery. Always consult with healthcare professionals for guidance on the safest and most effective approach to fentanyl withdrawal.
Xylazine is a veterinary sedative and analgesic medication. It belongs to the class of drugs known as alpha-2 adrenergic agonists. While it is primarily intended for veterinary use, xylazine has been misused in some cases for recreational purposes, particularly in combination with other substances.
In veterinary medicine, xylazine is commonly used as a sedative and muscle relaxant for various procedures, including surgery and diagnostic imaging. It is often administered to calm and immobilize animals.
However, the use of xylazine outside of veterinary settings, especially when combined with other drugs, can pose serious health risks. Misuse of xylazine has been associated with adverse effects, including respiratory depression, cardiovascular issues, and central nervous system depression.
It's important to emphasize that the use of xylazine for recreational purposes is highly dangerous and illegal. The drug is not intended for human consumption, and its effects can be unpredictable and potentially life-threatening.
If you have concerns about substance use or encounter situations involving illicit drugs, it is crucial to seek help from healthcare professionals, addiction specialists, or local support services. Misuse of veterinary drugs or any substances not prescribed for human use can have severe consequences and should be avoided.
PAWS stands for Post-Acute Withdrawal Syndrome. It refers to a set of prolonged withdrawal symptoms that some individuals may experience after the acute phase of withdrawal from substances like opioids, benzodiazepines, or alcohol. PAWS is not limited to a specific substance and can occur with various drugs.
These symptoms are generally more subtle than the acute withdrawal symptoms but can persist for weeks, months, or, in some cases, years after discontinuing substance use. PAWS can vary widely among individuals and may include symptoms such as:

1. Mood swings
2. Anxiety
3. Irritability
4. Insomnia
5. Fatigue
6. Difficulty concentrating
7. Memory problems
8. Reduced impulse control
9. Cravings for the substance

PAWS can be challenging for individuals in recovery, as these lingering symptoms may contribute to relapse if not effectively managed. Supportive interventions, such as counseling, therapy, and participation in support groups, can be beneficial for individuals experiencing PAWS. Healthy lifestyle choices, including regular exercise, proper nutrition, and adequate sleep, may also contribute to the overall well-being of those in recovery.
It's important to note that PAWS is not experienced by everyone in recovery, and its severity and duration can vary. Seeking guidance from healthcare professionals or addiction specialists can assist individuals in managing PAWS and maintaining long-term recovery.
Quitting substance use "cold turkey" involves stopping the use of a substance abruptly without tapering or gradually reducing the dosage. It's important to note that quitting cold turkey can be challenging, and the level of difficulty varies depending on the substance, the duration and intensity of use, and individual factors.
If you're considering quitting a substance cold turkey, here are some general recommendations:

1. Seek Professional Guidance: Before making the decision to quit cold turkey, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional or addiction specialist. They can provide guidance based on your specific situation, assess potential risks, and offer support.
   
2. Create a Support System: Inform friends, family, or a support network about your decision to quit. Having a support system in place can provide encouragement, understanding, and assistance during challenging times.
   
3. Understand Withdrawal Symptoms: Be aware of potential withdrawal symptoms associated with quitting the substance cold turkey. Withdrawal symptoms can vary depending on the substance but may include anxiety, irritability, insomnia, and other physical or psychological effects.
   
4. Stay Hydrated and Nourished: Maintaining proper hydration and nutrition is crucial during the quitting process. Stay hydrated by drinking water and consuming a balanced diet to support your overall well-being.
   
5. Exercise: Engage in regular physical activity. Exercise can help alleviate stress, improve mood, and contribute to your overall physical and mental health.
   
6. Consider Professional Treatment: Depending on the substance and the severity of dependence, professional treatment options, such as inpatient or outpatient programs, may be beneficial. Medical supervision can assist in managing withdrawal symptoms and ensuring safety.
   
7. Therapy and Counseling: Consider participating in therapy or counseling to address the underlying factors contributing to substance use and to develop coping strategies for a successful recovery.
   
8. Plan for Triggers: Identify situations, environments, or emotions that may trigger the urge to use the substance. Develop a plan to cope with these triggers without resorting to substance use.
   

It's essential to approach quitting any substance with a comprehensive strategy, and individual circumstances vary. Seeking professional advice ensures that you make informed decisions about the best approach for your specific situation. If you are experiencing severe withdrawal symptoms or have concerns about quitting cold turkey, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for guidance and support.
Tapering refers to the gradual reduction of the dosage of a substance, typically a medication or a drug, over a specific period. Tapering is commonly used in the context of addiction treatment, where it involves slowly decreasing the amount of a substance to manage withdrawal symptoms and minimize the risks associated with abrupt discontinuation.
Key points about tapering include:

1. Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT): Tapering is often part of medication-assisted treatment for substance use disorders. For example, individuals dependent on opioids might undergo a gradual tapering of medications like methadone or buprenorphine.
   
2. Reducing Dependence: Tapering is employed to reduce physical dependence on a substance by allowing the body to adjust to lower levels gradually. This helps minimize the severity of withdrawal symptoms.
   
3. Individualized Approach: Tapering plans are typically individualized based on factors such as the substance used, the duration and intensity of use, and the individual's overall health. Healthcare professionals design tapering schedules to meet the specific needs of each person.
   
4. Supervised Tapering: Tapering is ideally done under the supervision of a healthcare professional to ensure safety and effectiveness. This is particularly important in cases where abrupt discontinuation could lead to severe withdrawal symptoms or complications.
   
5. Psychological Support: Tapering is not only about physical adjustments but also addresses psychological aspects of dependence. It provides individuals with an opportunity to develop coping skills and strategies for managing life without reliance on the substance.
   
6. Preventing Relapse: Gradual tapering can help reduce the risk of relapse by easing the transition to complete abstinence. It gives individuals the time and support needed to adjust to life without the substance.
   

Tapering is a careful and structured process that should be guided by healthcare professionals. Abruptly stopping certain substances can lead to severe withdrawal symptoms and potential health risks. Seeking professional advice and support is crucial for a safe and successful tapering process, whether it's part of addiction treatment or the discontinuation of a prescribed medication.
Engaging in activities during withdrawal can help distract from symptoms, provide a sense of accomplishment, and contribute to overall well-being. Here are some ideas for keeping busy during withdrawal:

1. Reading: Escape into a good book or explore topics of interest to keep your mind occupied.
   
2. Movies or TV Shows: Watch movies or binge-watch a TV series to pass the time. Choose lighthearted or inspirational content.
   
3. Exercise: Engage in gentle exercises like walking, yoga, or stretching. Exercise can help improve mood and alleviate some withdrawal symptoms.
   
4. Creative Hobbies: Explore creative outlets such as drawing, painting, writing, or playing a musical instrument.
   
5. Mindfulness and Meditation: Practice mindfulness or meditation techniques to calm the mind and reduce stress.
   
6. Gardening: Spend time outdoors, tending to a garden or plants. Nature can have a positive impact on mood.
   
7. Puzzle Games: Solve puzzles, play Sudoku, or engage in other mentally stimulating games.
   
8. Listening to Music or Podcasts: Create playlists of your favorite music or listen to podcasts on topics of interest.
   
9. Cooking or Baking: Experiment with new recipes and treat yourself to nourishing meals.
   
10. Journaling: Write down your thoughts and feelings. Keeping a journal can be therapeutic during withdrawal.
    
11. Educational Courses: Take online courses or watch educational videos on platforms like Coursera or Khan Academy.
    
12. Board Games or Card Games: Play board games or cards with friends or family for some social interaction.
    
13. Self-Care Activities: Take relaxing baths, practice skincare routines, or indulge in other self-care activities to nurture your well-being.
    
14. Volunteering: If possible, consider volunteering for a cause you're passionate about. Helping others can be rewarding.
    
15. Stay Connected: Reach out to friends and family for support. Having a support system is crucial during withdrawal.
    

It's important to choose activities that align with your interests and energy levels. Remember that withdrawal is a challenging time, and it's okay to prioritize self-care. If symptoms become severe or unmanageable, seeking professional help is recommended.

I recently tried some cherry perfumes so I decided to pen down my thoughts on them. I’ve been skeptical of cherry fragrances because I was afraid they’d smell like cherry cough drops or cough syrup, but the ones I’ve tried so far thankfully didn’t give me that vibe!
Brief context on my scent preferences: I live in a tropical country so it’s hot and humid all year round. Because of the climate I prefer scents that are not too cloying or sweet, but still long-lasting.
Guerlain La Petite Robe Noire Black Perfecto: I blind bought a 50ml bottle of this because I found it on sale and it’s hard to find in my country. I mostly get notes of cherry and rose from this, but with something darker in the background that grounds the fragrance and adds a tinge of edginess. I think this is supposed to be the leather note; I can’t really pick it out on my skin but there’s definitely a note that adds depth. Some sites list liquorice as a note but I don’t pick up on that. I wore 3 sprays of this to a musical and it lasted a good 6-7 hours on me, yet it’s not overpowering and my perfume definitely did not choke out anyone in the theatre or on public transport. Some people say this is a fall fragrance but it honestly works even in my hot as hell country. I’ve seen this described as “biker chick in a leather jacket” but it does not lean that dark on me. For me this fragrance conjures up the image of a cool, confident, popular girl whom you’re kind of afraid to approach, but when you actually talk to her you find that she’s actually quite sweet and friendly.
Guerlain La Petite Robe Noire EDT: I have a decant of this. On me it opens with sweet cherry and rose, with a slight hint of red apple. It becomes more of a powdery musky rose in the drydown. It’s definitely fruitier in the opening but more floral in the drydown. I would describe this as a fruity floral but I personally wouldn’t call it generic. Don’t get me wrong, I do enjoy mainstream fruity florals but this one feels a little more elevated and sophisticated to me. I get slight flirty and sensual vibes from this. Longevity is average on me, but I still enjoy this fragrance. It’s sweet but not overly so.
Kayali Lovefest Burning Cherry: I have a decant of this as well. I’ve been hesitant to try Kayali fragrances because they seem like they’d be overly sweet, and I was pleasantly surprised to find that this one is actually not that sweet on me. It’s definitely less sweet than the LPRN EDT. I mostly get a woody cherry from this. The cherry in this seems different from the LPRN ones, this one almost seems to me like biting into a dark cherry? The cherry felt sort of realistic to me, it’s not cherry candies or syrup for sure. I don’t detect much smokiness, just a hint at most. I don’t get much praline either, generally this is not very sweet on me. However this fades quite quickly on me, it lasts 2-3 hours at most. It’s a shame because I find this to be quite unique.
(Dis)honourable mention - Britney Spears Midnight Fantasy: Apparently this has a sour cherry note but I don’t get that at all. I do smell fruits but I can’t make out what kind of fruits there are in this. If I really had to guess I’d say synthetic blueberry. This smells like a fruity kids’ shampoo to me. I don’t think this is a good cherry scent.
Overall I really enjoy the cherry fragrances I’ve tried (other than Midnight Fantasy), now I’m a cherry-skeptic turned cherry-enjoyer!
Some cherry fragrances I’d like to try next: - Lolita Lempicka Le Parfum: I’ve seen this talked about so much, but I would have to blind buy this since I can’t find decants of this in my country. This intrigues me because I want a spicy cherry fragrance, but I’m hesitant because I don’t know if I’d like the liquorice and powdery notes. - Guerlain La Petite Robe Noire Legere / Hippie Chic: I’ve seen this described as a lighter version of the LPRN EDP, and the black tea note in this interests me. I think I would probably enjoy this since I’ve liked the Guerlain fragrances I’ve tried so far.
Have you tried any of the fragrances I’ve talked about, or do you have any favourite cherry scents? Would love to hear your thoughts! ❤️

I don't mean to sound like a stoner but I have a few questions.
To preface this, I enjoy smoking pot in moderation. It's not on a daily or even regular basis and never to the point where I green out or anything like that. I get anxious about things when I know I shouldn't. It helps me relax but I don't want it to be a replacement as I know God can help with my anxieties.
Whenever I choose to do this I feel at peace and in a state of love. It is not like alcohol or other drugs where it may cause anger or other sinful thoughts and actions. I truly just feel at peace with myself and the Lord. It is often at these times at which I try to dive into the word because I feel as if it is speaking to me more clearly. Is this wrong? I know I must stay of sober mind but in that state I don't feel like I would really be sinful or even really have impure thoughts, unless the action itself is sinful?
I just wanted to know what peoples thoughts were. Marijuana is not some synthetic drug it is a naturally occurring plant which may make it better? This argument is not really valid though as cocaine would also fall under the same category and that invokes some very different feelings for people and I never have or ever will try it.
I fear God and I do not want to be doing something wrong I just feel so lost on the subject matter. I try to be the best person I can and love others but I don't want this to be the thing setting me back. Thank you.