... the rams that Polyphemus occasionally summons that are unkillable, have a rapid attack with basically no wind-up or cool-down, run almost as fast as you can dash and have a massive aggro range covering most of the arena. 6 damage isn't terrible, except they can hit almost nonstop. It's got to the point where I'm glad when Polyphemus eats them - maybe he gets some health back, but at least I'm not getting chased constantly around the arena (especially when I'm trying to concentrate on all the mobs swarming around Polyphemus's feet).
Anyone found any good strategies for dealing with them?

I've not had anywhere near the normal amount of playtime this league, Played a few characters but taken till now to get to one I actually like. I've totally bypassed any strategies up till now, I've just been 'Playing' - but I fancy trying to get a bit of currency together to build something a bit more high end before league end.
Totally confused by all these new scarabs though!
I prefer more simple/low investment strats, even if not as profitable. I don't mind a bit of variance though, and prefer occasional jackpot/dopamine hits over consistent grind (Harvest farming drives me insane for instance).
Any suggestions? Strongboxes any good? Is back to basics worth doing at all not on T17s?
I've got an OK build (Pconc of bouncing, decent clear and can handle bosses ok not mega tanky but ok, and is fairly quick), all voidstones and most of my favourites unlocked. And finally got my map device slot unlocked last night! Probably got about 10 div for investment if needed, more if I can be bothered to liquidate all my stuff or if some things start selling.

Short Squeeze Basics A short squeeze is an orchestrated effort to drive up shares of a stock that’s being heavily shorted. MOASS, meaning the Mother of All Short Squeezes, as noted, is a trading strategy in which a high volume of buyers drive up shares of stocks that were being “shorted” by other investors. A short squeeze trading strategy needs two components to work – a short seller or, more preferably, several short sellers on one side and a group of disciplined contrarian investors who unroll a short squeeze and buy shares of the stock being shorted.

Just sharing a few free tools, resources etc. that might make your tech life a little easier. I have no known association with any of these unless stated otherwise.
But first, in the latest Security Swarm Podcast: "Microsoft’s SFI Expansion, UK’s New PSTI Law & Updates on Change Healthcare Attack,” we discuss the cybersecurity landscape based on data from the Monthly Threat Report for May 2024. We cover a range of news items, including Microsoft’s recent announcement to expand the Secure Future Initiative, the new PSTI (Product Security and Telecommunications Infrastructure) Act in the UK and a significant brand impersonation campaign targeting the German financial entity Commerzbank. Additionally, you'll hear updates on the Change Healthcare ransomware attack.
We're looking for your favorite tips and tools we can share with the community... those that help you do your job better and more easily. Please share your suggestions on the IT Pro Tuesday subreddit, and we'll be featuring them in the coming weeks.
Now on to this week's list!
A Free Tool
Iamroot DNS Lookup is an online tool for resolving domain names. Supports the most-common record types and performs secondary lookups on any references in the returned DNS records. Author flems77 explains, "MX Toolbox has a lot of excellent tools, but for basic DNS lookups, I had a really hard time finding any basic and simple tool with low-key results. So, I actually made my own."
A Tip
A solution-finding strategy suggested by Bleglord:
Adding site:Reddit.com to searches for odd issues with no documentation online.
A Podcast
Packet Protector is a new offering from Packet Pushers that covers the latest security headlines as well as delving into tech and strategic insights on a wide range of essential networking topics. SevaraB says, "[it] gets into good security day-to-day operational stuff without getting quite as ranty as Steve Gibson."
Another Free Tool
SoftPerfect Network Scanner is a universal IPv4/IPv6 scanner that can ping, scan ports, and discover shared folders. Includes flexible filter and display options. lpbale0 adds, "It is robust, extensible, and updated on a regular basis. You can also integrate NMAP for Windows into it. Yea, NMAP for Windows, I said it, flame me."
A Tutorial
Modifying XML, JSON, INI configuration files without sed is a detailed blog post explaining an alternative method for adjusting config files, including the relevant code. pdp10 favors this approach to using "sed, jq, xmlstarlet, augtool for elegantly modifying config files."
You can find this week's bonuses here or signup to get each week's list in your inbox here.

Welcome back to IT Pro Tuesday!
In the latest Security Swarm Podcast: "Microsoft’s SFI Expansion, UK’s New PSTI Law & Updates on Change Healthcare Attack,” we discuss the cybersecurity landscape based on data from the Monthly Threat Report for May 2024. We cover a range of news items, including Microsoft’s recent announcement to expand the Secure Future Initiative, the new PSTI (Product Security and Telecommunications Infrastructure) Act in the UK and a significant brand impersonation campaign targeting the German financial entity Commerzbank. Additionally, you'll hear updates on the Change Healthcare ransomware attack.
We're looking for your favorite tips and tools we can share with the community... those that help you do your job better and more easily. Please share your suggestions on the IT Pro Tuesday subreddit, and we'll be featuring them in the coming weeks.
Now on to this week's list!
A Free Tool
Iamroot DNS Lookup is an online tool for resolving domain names. Supports the most-common record types and performs secondary lookups on any references in the returned DNS records. Author flems77 explains, "MX Toolbox has a lot of excellent tools, but for basic DNS lookups, I had a really hard time finding any basic and simple tool with low-key results. So, I actually made my own."
A Tip
A solution-finding strategy suggested by Bleglord:
Adding site:Reddit.com to searches for odd issues with no documentation online.
A Podcast
Packet Protector is a new offering from Packet Pushers that covers the latest security headlines as well as delving into tech and strategic insights on a wide range of essential networking topics. SevaraB says, "[it] gets into good security day-to-day operational stuff without getting quite as ranty as Steve Gibson."
Another Free Tool
SoftPerfect Network Scanner is a universal IPv4/IPv6 scanner that can ping, scan ports, and discover shared folders. Includes flexible filter and display options. lpbale0 adds, "It is robust, extensible, and updated on a regular basis. You can also integrate NMAP for Windows into it. Yea, NMAP for Windows, I said it, flame me."
A Tutorial
Modifying XML, JSON, INI configuration files without sed is a detailed blog post explaining an alternative method for adjusting config files, including the relevant code. pdp10 favors this approach to using "sed, jq, xmlstarlet, augtool for elegantly modifying config files."
P.S. Bonus Free Tools
Get this week's bonus tools by visiting the IT Pro Tuesday blog, or sign up to get this in your inbox each week here.
Have a fantastic week and as usual, let us know any comments.

1. Research altcoins
Expand your portfolio: Diversify your investments to include promising altcoins. Such coins can have a great potential for growth, although they carry greater risks
Project analysis: Study each project's whitepaper, development team, partners, and roadmap. Research technical aspects and real-world use cases
2. Study technical and fundamental analysis
Technical analysis (TA): Learn basic indicators (e.g. SMA, RSI, MACD) and chart patterns (e.g. head and shoulders, double bottom). Use these tools to predict market movements
Fundamental analysis (FA): Assess the fundamentals of the project, such as the team, technology, partners, market potential, and competitive environment
3. Using DeFi.
Decentralized Finance (DeFi): Explore the opportunities provided by DeFi platforms such as lending, borrowing, staking, and yield farming
Liquidity: Understand the principles of liquidity provision in DeFi platforms and the risks associated with permanent losses
4. Study staking and nodes
Staking: Earn rewards by holding certain cryptocurrencies on a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) platform. Explore different staking platforms and choose the ones that offer the best conditions
Launch a node: If you have sufficient technical expertise, consider launching your own node to support a specific cryptocurrency network and receive rewards
5. Mastering NFTs.
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs): Study the NFT market, its potential and risks. Consider investing in digital assets such as art, collectibles, and virtual real estate
NFT platforms: Use well-known platforms such as OpenSea, Rarible, Foundation to buy and sell NFTs
6. Understand the tax implications
Taxation of cryptocurrencies: Find out about the tax obligations for cryptocurrencies in your country. Consult with tax professionals to properly declare income from cryptocurrency transactions
Transaction accounting: Keep accurate records of all your transactions to be able to report your profits and losses correctly
7. Security and risk management
Advanced security: Use hardware wallets to store large amounts of cryptocurrencies. Check the authenticity of the software and regular updates
Risk management: Set clear rules for yourself regarding risk management. Use stop losses and other tools to protect against large losses
8. Mastering trading bots and automation
Trading bots: Learn and use trading bots to automate trading. Bots can help optimize trading strategies and reduce the emotional factor
Customizing bots: Customize bots based on your trading strategies and risk tolerance
9. Participation in communities and training
Crypto communities: Join communities on social media such as Reddit, Twitter, Telegram where you can discuss news and get tips
Continuous learning: Follow new trends, take online courses, participate in webinars and conferences
10. Portfolio management
Portfolio rebalancing: Regularly analyze and rebalance your portfolio to meet your investment objectives and changing market conditions
Long-term strategy: Develop a long-term investment strategy and stick to it, avoiding short-term market fluctuations

"Why Did Jesus Die on the Cross?"

The main reason Jesus died on the cross was to defeat Satan and set us free from his oppressive rule. Everything else that Jesus accomplished was to be understood as an aspect and consequence of this victory (e.g., Recapitulation, Moral Influence, etc.).
This understanding of why Jesus had to die is called the Christus Victor (Latin for “Christ is Victorious”) view of the atonement. But, what exactly was Christ victorious from, and why? To find out the answers to these questions, we have to turn to the Old Testament, as that's what the apostles would often allude to in order to properly teach their audience the message they were trying to convey (Rom. 15:4).
The OT is full of conflict between the Father (YHVH) and false gods, between YHVH and cosmic forces of chaos. The Psalms speak of this conflict between YHVH and water monsters of the deeps (an ancient image for chaos) (Psa. 29:3-4; 74:10-14; 77:16, 19; 89:9-10; 104:2-9, etc).
The liberation of Israel from Egypt wasn’t just a conflict between Pharaoh and Moses. It was really between YHVH and the false gods of Egypt.
Regardless of whether you think the aforementioned descriptions are literal or metaphorical, the reality that the Old Testament describes is that humanity lived in a “cosmic war zone.”
The Christus Victor motif is about Christ reigning victorious over wicked principalities and Satan's kingdom, and is strongly emphasized throughout the New Testament. Scripture declares that Jesus came to drive out "the prince of this world” (John 12:31), to “destroy the works of the devil” (1 John 3:8), to “destroy him that had the power of death, that is, the devil” (Heb. 2:14) and to “put all enemies under his feet” (1 Cor 15:25). Jesus came to overpower the “strong man” (Satan) who held the world in bondage and worked with his Church to plunder his "palace" (Luke 11:21-22). He came to end the reign of the cosmic “thief” who seized the world to “steal, and to kill, and to destroy” the life YHVH intended for us (John 10:10). Jesus came and died on the cross to disarm “the principalities and powers” and make a “shew of them openly [i.e., public spectacle]” by “triumphing over them in [the cross]” (Col. 2:15).
Beyond these explicit statements, there are many other passages that express the Christus Victor motif as well. For example, the first prophecy in the Bible foretells that a descendent of Eve (Jesus) would crush the head of the serpent (Gen. 3:15). The first Christian sermon ever preached proclaimed that Jesus in principle conquered all YHVH's enemies (Acts 2:32-36). And the single most frequently quoted Old Testament passage by New Testament authors is Psalm 110:1 which predicts that Christ would conquer all YHVH’s opponents. (Psalm 110 is quoted or alluded to in Matthew 22:41-45; 26:64, Mark 12:35-37; 14:62, Luke 20:41-44; 22:69, Acts 5:31; 7:55-56, Romans 8:34, 1st Corinthians 15:22-25, Ephesians 1:20, Hebrews 1:3; 1:13; 5:6, 10; 6:20; 7:11, 15, 17, 21; 8:1; 10:12-13, 1st Peter 3:22, and Revelation 3:21.) According to New Testament scholar Oscar Cullman, the frequency with which New Testament authors cite this Psalm is the greatest proof that Christ’s “victory over the angel powers stands at the very center of early Christian thought.”
Because of man's rebellion, the Messiah's coming involved a rescue mission that included a strategy for vanquishing the powers of darkness.
Since YHVH is a God of love who gives genuine “say-so” to both angels and humans, YHVH rarely accomplishes His providential plans through coercion. YHVH relies on His infinite wisdom to achieve His goals. Nowhere is YHVH's wisdom put more on display than in the manner in which He outsmarted Satan and the powers of evil, using their own evil to bring about their defeat.
Most readers probably know the famous story from ancient Greece about the Trojan Horse. To recap the story, Troy and Greece had been locked in a ten-year-long vicious war when, according to Homer and Virgil, the Greeks came up with a brilliant idea. They built an enormous wooden horse, hid soldiers inside and offered it to the Trojans as a gift, claiming they were conceding defeat and going home. The delighted Trojans accepted the gift and proceeded to celebrate by drinking themselves into a drunken stupor. When night came and the Trojan warriors were too wasted to fight, the Greeks exited the horse, unlocked the city gates to quietly let all their compatriots in, and easily conquered the city, thus winning the war.
Historians debate whether any of this actually happened. But either way, as military strategies go, it’s brilliant.
Now, there are five clues in the New Testament that suggest YHVH was using something like this Trojan Horse strategy against the powers when he sent Jesus into the world:
1) The Bible tells us that YHVH's victory over the powers of darkness was achieved by the employment of YHVH’s wisdom, and was centered on that wisdom having become reality in Jesus Christ (Rom. 16:25, 1 Cor. 2:7, Eph. 3:9-10, Col. 1:26). It also tells us that, for some reason, this Christ-centered wisdom was kept “secret and hidden” throughout the ages. It’s clear from this that YHVH's strategy was to outsmart and surprise the powers by sending Jesus.
2) While humans don’t generally know Jesus’ true identity during his ministry, demons do. They recognize Jesus as the Son of God, the Messiah, but, interestingly enough, they have no idea what he’s doing (Mark 1:24; 3:11; 5:7, Luke 8:21). Again, the wisdom of YHVH in sending Jesus was hidden from them.
3) We’re told that, while humans certainly share in the responsibility for the crucifixion, Satan and the powers were working behind the scenes to bring it about (John 13:27 cf. 1 Cor. 2:6-8). These forces of evil helped orchestrate the crucifixion.
4) We’re taught that if the “princes of this world [age]” had understood the secret wisdom of YHVH, “they would not have crucified the Lord of glory” (1 Cor 2:8 cf. vss 6-7). Apparently, Satan and the powers regretted orchestrating Christ’s crucifixion once they learned of the wisdom of YHVH that was behind it.
5) Finally, we can begin to understand why the powers came to regret crucifying “the Lord of glory” when we read that it was by means of the crucifixion that the “handwriting of ordinances that was against us, which was contrary to us [i.e., the charge of our legal indebtedness]” was “[taken] out of the way [i.e., canceled]” as the powers were disarmed. In this way Christ “triumph[ed] over” the powers by "his cross” and even “made a shew of them openly” (Col. 2:14-15). Through Christ’s death and resurrection YHVH's enemies were vanquished and placed under his Messiah's feet, and ultimately His own in the end (1 Cor. 15:23-28).
Putting these five clues together, we can discern YHVH's Trojan Horse strategy in sending Jesus.
The powers couldn’t discern why Jesus came because YHVH's wisdom was hidden from them. YHVH's wisdom was motivated by unfathomable love, and since Satan and the other powers were evil, they lacked the capacity to understand it. Their evil hearts prevented them from suspecting what YHVH was up to.
What the powers did understand was that Jesus was mortal. This meant he was killable. Lacking the capacity to understand that this was the means by which YHVH would ultimately bring about the defeat of death (and thus, pave the road for the resurrection itself), they never suspected that making Jesus vulnerable to their evil might actually be part of YHVH's infinitely wise plan.
And so they took the bait (or "ransom"; Matt. 20:28, Mark 10:45, 1 Tim. 2:5-6). Utilizing Judas and other willing human agents, the powers played right into YHVH’s secret plan and orchestrated the crucifixion of the Messiah (Acts 2:22-23; 4:28). YHVH thus brilliantly used the self-inflicted incapacity of evil to understand love against itself. And, like light dispelling darkness, the unfathomably beautiful act of YHVH's love in sending the willing Messiah as a "ransom" to these blood-thirsty powers defeated them. The whole creation was in principle freed and reconciled to YHVH, while everything written against us humans was nailed to the cross, thus robbing the powers of the only legal claim they had on us. They were “spoiled [i.e., disempowered]” (Col. 2:14-15).
As happened to the Trojans in accepting the gift from the Greeks, in seizing on Christ’s vulnerability and orchestrating his crucifixion, the powers unwittingly cooperated with YHVH to unleash the one power in the world that dispels all evil and sets captives free. It’s the power of self-sacrificial love.

Why Penal Substitution Is Unbiblical

For the sake of keeping this already lengthy post as short as possible I'm not going to spend too much time on why exactly PSA (Penal Substitutionary Atonement) is inconsistent with Scripture, but I'll go ahead and point out the main reasons why I believe this is so, and let the reader look further into this subject by themselves, being that there are many resources out there which have devoted much more time than I ever could here in supporting this premise.

"Purge out therefore the old leaven, that ye may be a new lump, as ye are unleavened. For even Christ our passover is sacrificed for us:"-1 Corinthians 5:7

The Passover is one of the two most prominent images in the New Testament given as a comparison to Christ's atonement and what it accomplished, (the other most common image being the Day of Atonement sacrifice).
In the Passover, the blood of the lamb on the door posts of the Hebrews in the book of Exodus was meant to mark out those who were YHVH's, not be a symbol of PSA, as the lamb itself was not being punished by God in place of the Hebrews, but rather the kingdom of Egypt (and thus, allegorically speaking, the kingdom of darkness which opposed YHVH) was what was being judged and punished, because those who were not "covered" by the blood of the lamb could be easily identified as not part of God's kingdom/covenant and liberated people.
Looking at the Day of Atonement sacrifice (which, again, Christ's death is repeatedly compared to throughout the New Testament), this ritual required a ram, a bull, and two goats (Lev. 16:3-5). The ram was for a burnt offering intended to please God (Lev. 16:3-4). The bull served as a sin offering for Aaron, the high priest, and his family. In this case, the sin offering restored the priest to ritual purity, allowing him to occupy sacred space and be near YHVH’s presence. Two goats taken from "the congregation” were needed for the single sin offering for the people (Lev. 16:5). So why two goats?
The high priest would cast lots over the two goats, with one chosen as a sacrifice “for the Lord” (Lev. 16:8). The blood of that goat would purify the people. The second goat was not sacrificed or designated “for the Lord.” On the contrary, this goat—the one that symbolically carried the sins away from the camp of Israel into the wilderness—was “for Azazel” (Lev. 16:8-10).
What—or who—is Azazel?
The Hebrew term azazel (עזאזל) occurs four times in Leviticus 16 but nowhere else in most people's canon of the Bible, (and I say "most people's canon," because some people do include 1 Enoch in their canon of Scripture, which of course goes into great detail about this "Azazel" figure). Many translations prefer to translate the term as a phrase, “the goat that goes away,” which is the same idea conveyed in the King James Version’s “scapegoat.” Other translations treat the word as a name: Azazel. The “scapegoat” option is possible, but since the phrase “for Azazel” parallels the phrase “for YHVH” (“for the Lord”), the wording suggests that two divine figures are being contrasted by the two goats.
A strong case can be made for translating the term as the name Azazel. Ancient Jewish texts show that Azazel was understood as a demonic figure associated with the wilderness. The Mishnah (ca. AD 200; Yoma 6:6) records that the goat for Azazel was led to a cliff and pushed over, ensuring it would not return with its death. This association of the wilderness with evil is also evident in the New Testament, as this was where Jesus met the devil (Matt. 4:1). Also, in Leviticus 17:1-7 we learn that some Israelites had been accustomed to sacrificing offerings to "devils" (alternatively translated as “goat demons”). The Day of Atonement replaced this illegitimate practice.
The second goat was not sent into the wilderness as a sacrifice to a foreign god or demon. The act of sending the live goat out into the wilderness, which was unholy ground, was to send the sins of the people where they belonged—to the demonic domain. With one goat sacrificed to bring purification and access to YHVH and one goat sent to carry the people’s sins to the demonic domain, this annual ritual reinforced the identity of the true God and His mercy and holiness.
When Jesus died on the cross for all of humanity’s sins, he was crucified outside the city, paralleling the sins of the people being cast to the wilderness via the goat to Azazel. Jesus died once for all sinners, negating the need for this ritual.
As previously stated, the goat which had all the sin put on it was sent alive off to the wilderness, while the blood of the goat which was blameless was used to purify the temple and the people. Penal substitution would necessitate the killing of the goat which had the sin put on it.
Mind you, this is the only sacrificial ritual of any kind in the Torah in which sins are placed on an animal. The only time it happens is this, and that animal is not sacrificed. Most PSA proponents unwittingly point to this ritual as evidence of their view, despite it actually serving as evidence to the contrary, because most people don't read their Old Testament and don't familiarize themselves with the "boring parts" like Leviticus (when it's actually rather important to do so, since that book explains how exactly animal offerings were to be carried out and why they were done in the first place).
In the New Testament, Christ's blood was not only meant to mark out those who were his, but also expel the presence of sin and ritual uncleanness so as to make the presence of YHVH manifest in the believer's life. Notice how God's wrath isn't poured out on Christ in our stead on this view, but rather His wrath was poured out on those who weren't covered, and the presence of sin and evil were merely removed by that which is pure and blameless (Christ's blood) for the believer.
All this is the difference between expiation and propitiation.

The Content of Paul's Gospel Message

When the New Testament writers talked about “the gospel,” they referred not to the Protestant doctrine of justification sola fide–the proposition that if we will stop trying to win God’s favor and only just believe that God has exchanged our sin for Christ’s perfect righteousness, then in God’s eyes we will have the perfect righteousness required both for salvation and for assuaging our guilty consciences–but rather they referred to the simple but explosive proposition Kyrios Christos, “Christ is Lord.” That is to say, the gospel was, properly speaking, the royal announcement that Jesus of Nazareth was the God of Israel’s promised Messiah, the King of kings and Lord of lords.
The New Testament writers were not writing in a cultural or linguistic vacuum and their language of euangelion (good news) and euangelizomai would have been understood by their audience in fairly specific ways. Namely, in the Greco-Roman world for which the New Testament authors wrote, euangelion/euangelizomai language typically had to do with either A) the announcement of the accession of a ruler, or B) the announcement of a victory in battle, and would probably have been understood along those lines.
Let’s take the announcements of a new ruler first. The classic example of such a language is the Priene Calendar Inscription, dating to circa 9 BC, which celebrates the rule (and birthday) of Caesar Augustus as follows:
"It was seeming to the Greeks in Asia, in the opinion of the high priest Apollonius of Menophilus Azanitus: Since Providence, which has ordered all things of our life and is very much interested in our life, has ordered things in sending Augustus, whom she filled with virtue for the benefit of men, sending him as a savior [soter] both for us and for those after us, him who would end war and order all things, and since Caesar by his appearance [epiphanein] surpassed the hopes of all those who received the good tidings [euangelia], not only those who were benefactors before him, but even the hope among those who will be left afterward, and the birthday of the god [he genethlios tou theou] was for the world the beginning of the good tidings [euangelion] through him; and Asia resolved it in Smyrna."
The association of the term euangelion with the announcement of Augustus’ rule is clear enough and is typical of how this language is used elsewhere. To give another example, Josephus records that at the news of the accession of the new emperor Vespasian (69 AD) “every city kept festival for the good news (euangelia) and offered sacrifices on his behalf.” (The Jewish War, IV.618). Finally, a papyrus dating to ca. 498 AD begins:
"Since I have become aware of the good news (euangeliou) about the proclamation as Caesar (of Gaius Julius Verus Maximus Augustus)…"
This usage occurs also in the Septuagint, the Greek translations of the Jewish Scriptures. For instance LXX Isaiah 52:7 reads, “How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him who brings good news (euangelizomenou), who publishes peace, who brings good news (euangelizomenos) of salvation, who says to Zion, ‘Your God reigns.'" Similarly, LXX Isaiah 40:9-10 reads:

"…Go up on a high mountain, you who bring good tidings (ho euangelizomenos) to Sion; lift up your voice with strength, you who bring good tidings (ho euangelizomenos); lift it up, do not fear; say to the cities of Ioudas, “See your God!” Behold, the Lord comes with strength, and his arm with authority (kyrieias)…."-NETS, Esaias 40:9-10

This consistent close connection between euangelion/euangelizomai language and announcements of rule strongly suggests that many of the initial hearers/readers of the early Christians’ evangelical language would likely have understood that language as the announcement of a new ruler (see, e.g., Acts 17:7), and, unless there is strong NT evidence to the contrary, we should presume that the NT writers probably intended their language to be so understood.
However, the other main way in which euangelion/euangelizomai language was used in the Greco-Roman world was with reference to battle reports, announcements of victory in war. A classic example of this sort of usage can be found in LXX 2 Samuel 18:19ff, where David receives word that his traitorous son, Absalom, has been defeated in battle. Euangelion/euangelizomai is used throughout the passage for the communications from the front.
As already shown throughout this post, the NT speaks of Jesus’s death and resurrection as a great victory over the powers that existed at that time and, most importantly, over death itself. Jesus’ conquest of the principalities and powers was the establishment of his rule and comprehensive authority over heaven and earth, that is, of his Lordship over all things (again, at that time).
This was the content of Paul's gospel message...

Justification, and the "New" Perspective on Paul

The following quotation is from The Gospel Coalition, and I believe it to be a decently accurate summary of the NPP (New Perspective on Paul), despite it being from a source which is in opposition to it:

The New Perspective on Paul, a major scholarly shift that began in the 1980s, argues that the Jewish context of the New Testament has been wrongly understood and that this misunderstand[ing] has led to errors in the traditional-Protestant understanding of justification. According to the New Perspective, the Jewish systems of salvation were not based on works-righteousness but rather on covenantal nomism, the belief that one enters the people of God by grace and stays in through obedience to the covenant. This means that Paul could not have been referring to works-righteousness by his phrase “works of the law”; instead, he was referring to Jewish boundary markers that made clear who was or was not within the people of God. For the New Perspective, this is the issue that Paul opposes in the NT. Thus, justification takes on two aspects for the New Perspective rather than one; initial justification is by faith (grace) and recognizes covenant status (ecclesiology), while final justification is partially by works, albeit works produced by the Spirit.

I believe what's called the "new perspective" is actually rather old, and that the Reformers' view of Paul is what is truly new, being that the Lutheran understanding of Paul is simply not Biblical.
The Reformation perspective understands Paul to be arguing against a legalistic Jewish culture that seeks to earn their salvation through works. However, supporters of the NPP argue that Paul has been misread. We contend he was actually combating Jews who were boasting because they were God's people, the "elect" or the "chosen ones." Their "works," so to speak, were done to show they were God's covenant people and not to earn their salvation.
The key questions involve Paul’s view(s) of the law and the meaning of the controversy in which Paul was engaged. Paul strongly argued that we are “justified by the faith of Christ, and not by the works of the law” (Gal. 2:16b). Since the time of Martin Luther, this has been understood as an indictment of legalistic efforts to merit favor before God. Judaism was cast in the role of the medieval "church," and so Paul’s protests became very Lutheran, with traditional-Protestant theology reinforced in all its particulars (along with its limitations) as a result. In hermeneutical terms, then, the historical context of Paul’s debate will answer the questions we have about what exactly the apostle meant by the phrase "works of the law," along with other phrases often used as support by the Reformers for their doctrine of Sola Fide (justification by faith alone), like when Paul mentions "the righteousness of God."
Obviously an in-depth analysis of the Pauline corpus and its place in the context of first-century Judaism would take us far beyond the scope of this brief post. We can, however, quickly survey the topography of Paul’s thought in context, particularly as it has emerged through the efforts of recent scholarship, and note some salient points which may be used as the basis of a refurbished soteriology.
[Note: The more popular scholars associated with the NPP are E.P. Sanders, James Dunn, and N.T. Wright. Dunn was the first to coin the term "The New Perspective" in a 1983 Manson Memorial Lecture, The New Perspective on Paul and the Law.]
Varying authors since the early 1900's have brought up the charge that Paul was misread by those in the tradition of Martin Luther and other Protestant Reformers. Yet, it wasn't until E.P. Sanders' 1977 book, Paul and Palestinian Judaism, that scholars began to pay much attention to the issue. In his book, Sanders argues that the Judaism of Paul's day has been wrongly criticized as a religion of "works-salvation" by those in the Protestant tradition.
A fundamental premise in the NPP is that Judaism was actually a religion of grace. Sander's puts it clearly:
"On the point at which many have found the decisive contrast between Paul and Judaism - grace and works - Paul is in agreement with Palestinian Judaism... Salvation is by grace but judgment is according to works'...God saves by grace, but... within the framework established by grace he rewards good deeds and punishes transgression." (Paul and Palestinian Judaism, p. 543)
N.T. Wright adds that, "we have misjudged early Judaism, especially Pharisaism, if we have thought of it as an early version of Pelagianism," (Wright, What Saint Paul Really Said, p. 32).
Sanders has coined a now well-known phrase to describe the character of first-century Palestinian Judaism: “covenantal nomism.” The meaning of “covenantal nomism” is that human obedience is not construed as the means of entering into God’s covenant. That cannot be earned; inclusion within the covenant body is by the grace of God. Rather, obedience is the means of maintaining one’s status within the covenant. And with its emphasis on divine grace and forgiveness, Judaism was never a religion of legalism.
If covenantal nomism was operating as the primary category under which Jews understood the Law, then when Jews spoke of obeying commandments, or when they required strict obedience of themselves and fellow Jews, it was because they were "keeping the covenant," rather than out of legalism.
More recently, N.T. Wright has made a significant contribution in his little book, What Saint Paul Really Said. Wright’s focus is the gospel and the doctrine of justification. With incisive clarity he demonstrates that the core of Paul’s gospel was not justification by faith, but the death and resurrection of Christ and his exaltation as Lord. The proclamation of the gospel was the proclamation of Jesus as Lord, the Messiah who fulfilled Israel’s expectations. Romans 1:3-4, not 1:16-17, is the gospel, contrary to traditional thinking. Justification is not the center of Paul’s thought, but an outworking of it:
"[T]he doctrine of justification by faith is not what Paul means by ‘the gospel’. It is implied by the gospel; when the gospel is proclaimed, people come to faith and so are regarded by God as members of his people. But ‘the gospel’ is not an account of how people get saved. It is, as we saw in an earlier chapter, the proclamation of the lordship of Jesus Christ….Let us be quite clear. ‘The gospel’ is the announcement of Jesus’ lordship, which works with power to bring people into the family of Abraham, now redefined around Jesus Christ and characterized solely by faith in him. ‘Justification’ is the doctrine which insists that all those who have this faith belong as full members of this family, on this basis and no other." (pp. 132, 133)
Wright brings us to this point by showing what “justification” would have meant in Paul’s Jewish context, bound up as it was in law-court terminology, eschatology, and God’s faithfulness to God’s covenant.
Specifically, Wright explodes the myth that the pre-Christian Saul was a pious, proto-Pelagian moralist seeking to earn his individual passage into heaven. Wright capitalizes on Paul’s autobiographical confessions to paint rather a picture of a zealous Jewish nationalist whose driving concern was to cleanse Israel of Gentiles as well as Jews who had lax attitudes toward the Torah. Running the risk of anachronism, Wright points to a contemporary version of the pre-Christian Saul: Yigal Amir, the zealous Torah-loyal Jew who assassinated Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin for exchanging Israel’s land for peace. Wright writes:
"Jews like Saul of Tarsus were not interested in an abstract, ahistorical system of salvation... They were interested in the salvation which, they believed, the one true God had promised to his people Israel." (pp. 32, 33)
Wright maintains that as a Christian, Paul continued to challenge paganism by taking the moral high ground of the creational monotheist. The doctrine of justification was not what Paul preached to the Gentiles as the main thrust of his gospel message; it was rather “the thing his converts most needed to know in order to be assured that they really were part of God’s people” after they had responded to the gospel message.
Even while taking the gospel to the Gentiles, however, Paul continued to criticize Judaism “from within” even as he had as a zealous Pharisee. But whereas his mission before was to root out those with lax attitudes toward the Torah, now his mission was to demonstrate that God’s covenant faithfulness (righteousness) has already been revealed in Jesus Christ.
At this point Wright carefully documents Paul’s use of the controversial phrase “God’s righteousness” and draws out the implications of his meaning against the background of a Jewish concept of justification. The righteousness of God and the righteousness of the party who is “justified” cannot be confused because the term bears different connotations for the judge than for the plaintiff or defendant. The judge is “righteous” if his or her judgment is fair and impartial; the plaintiff or defendant is “righteous” if the judge rules in his or her favor. Hence:
"If we use the language of the law court, it makes no sense whatsoever to say that the judge imputes, imparts, bequeaths, conveys or otherwise transfers his righteousness to either the plaintiff or the defendant. Righteousness is not an object, a substance or a gas which can be passed across the courtroom. For the judge to be righteous does not mean that the court has found in his favor. For the plaintiff or defendant to be righteous does not mean that he or she has tried the case properly or impartially. To imagine the defendant somehow receiving the judge’s righteousness is simply a category mistake. That is not how the language works." (p. 98)
However, Wright makes the important observation that even with the forensic metaphor, Paul’s theology is not so much about the courtroom as it is about God’s love.
Righteousness is not an impersonal, abstract standard, a measuring-stick or a balancing scale. That was, and still is, a Greek view. Righteousness, Biblically speaking, grows out of covenant relationship. We forgive because we have been forgiven (Matt. 18:21-35); “we love" because God “first loved us” (1 John 4:19). Love is the fulfillment of the law (Rom. 13:8, 10, Gal 5:14, Jam. 2:8). Paul even looked forward to a day when “we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ; that every one may receive the things done in his body, according to that he hath done, whether it be good or bad” (2 Cor. 5:10), and he acknowledged that his clear conscience did not necessarily ensure this verdict (1 Cor. 4:4), but he was confident nevertheless. Paul did in fact testify of his clear conscience: “For our rejoicing is this, the testimony of our conscience, that in simplicity and godly sincerity, not with fleshly wisdom, but by the grace of God, we have had our conversation [i.e., behavior] in the world, and more abundantly to you-ward” (2 Cor. 1:12). He was aware that he had not yet “attained” (Phil. 3:12-14), that he still struggled with the flesh, yet he was confident of the value of his performance (1 Cor. 9:27). These are hardly the convictions of someone who intends to rest entirely on the merits of an alien righteousness imputed to his or her account.
Wright went on to flesh out the doctrine of justification in Galatians, Philippians, and Romans. The “works of the law” are not proto-Pelagian efforts to earn salvation, but rather “sabbath [keeping], food-laws, circumcision” (p. 132). Considering the controversy in Galatia, Wright writes:
"Despite a long tradition to the contrary, the problem Paul addresses in Galatians is not the question of how precisely someone becomes a Christian, or attains to a relationship with God….The problem he addresses is: should his ex-pagan converts be circumcised or not? Now this question is by no means obviously to do with the questions faced by Augustine and Pelagius, or by Luther and Erasmus. On anyone’s reading, but especially within its first-century context, it has to do quite obviously with the question of how you define the people of God: are they to be defined by the badges of Jewish race, or in some other way? Circumcision is not a ‘moral’ issue; it does not have to do with moral effort, or earning salvation by good deeds. Nor can we simply treat it as a religious ritual, then designate all religious ritual as crypto-Pelagian good works, and so smuggle Pelagius into Galatia as the arch-opponent after all. First-century thought, both Jewish and Christian, simply doesn’t work like that…. [T]he polemic against the Torah in Galatians simply will not work if we ‘translate’ it into polemic either against straightforward self-help moralism or against the more subtle snare of ‘legalism’, as some have suggested. The passages about the law only work — and by ‘work’ I mean they will only make full sense in their contexts, which is what counts in the last analysis — when we take them as references to the Jewish law, the Torah, seen as the national charter of the Jewish race." (pp. 120-122)
The debate about justification, then, “wasn’t so much about soteriology as about ecclesiology; not so much about salvation as about the church.” (p. 119)
To summarize the theology of Paul in his epistles, the apostle mainly spent time arguing to those whom he were sending letters that salvation in Christ was available to all men without distinction. Jews and Gentiles alike may accept the free gift; it was not limited to any one group. Paul was vehement about this, especially in his letter to the Romans. As such, I will finish this post off by summarizing the letter itself, so as to provide Biblical support for the premises of the NPP and for what the scholars I referenced have thus far argued.
After his introduction in the epistle to an already believing and mostly Gentile audience (who would've already been familiar with the gospel proclaimed in verses 3-4), Paul makes a thematic statement in 1:16: “For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ: for it is the power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth; to the Jew first, and also to the Greek.” This statement is just one of many key statements littered throughout the book of Romans that give us proper understanding of the point Paul wished to make to the interlocutors of his day, namely, salvation is available to all, whether Jew or Gentile.
In 1:16 Paul sets out a basic theme of his message in the letter to the Romans. All who believed, whether they be Jew or Gentile, were saved by the power of the gospel. The universal nature of salvation was explicitly stated. The gospel saved all without distinction, whether Jew or Greek; salvation was through the gospel of Jesus Christ. Immediately after this thematic declaration, Paul undertakes to show the universal nature of sin and guilt. In 1:18-32 Paul shows how the Gentile is guilty before God. Despite evidence of God and his attributes, which is readily available to all, they have failed to honor YHVH as God and have exchanged His glory for idolatrous worship and self-promotion. As a consequence, God handed them over in judgment (1:18-32). Paul moves to denunciation of those who would judge others while themselves being guilty of the very same offenses (2:1-5) and argues that all will be judged according to their deeds (2:6). This judgment applies to all, namely, Jew and Greek (2:9-10). This section serves as somewhat of a transition in Paul’s argument. He has highlighted the guilt of the Gentiles (1:18ff) and will shortly outline the guilt of the Jew (2:17-24). The universal statement of 2:1-11 sets the stage for Paul’s rebuke of Jewish presumption. It was not possession of the Law which delivered; it was faithful obedience. It is better to have no Law and yet to obey the essence of the Law (2:12-16) than to have the Law and not obey (2:17-3:4). Paul then defends the justice of God’s judgment (3:5-8), which leads to the conclusion that all (Jew and Gentile) are guilty before God (3:9).
Paul argues that it was a mistaken notion to think that salvation was the prerogative of the Jew only. This presumption is wrong for two reasons. First, it leads to the mistaken assumption that only Jews were eligible for this vindication (Paul deals with this misunderstanding in chapter 4 where he demonstrates that Abraham was justified by faith independently of the Law and is therefore the father of all who believe, Jew and Gentile alike). Second, it leads to the equally mistaken conclusion that all who were Jews are guaranteed of vindication. Paul demonstrates how this perspective, which would call God’s integrity into question since Paul was assuming many Jews would not experience this vindication, was misguided. He did this by demonstrating that it was never the case that all physical descendants of Israel (Jacob) were likewise recipients of the promise. In the past (9:6-33) as in the present (at that time; 11:1-10), only a remnant was preserved and only a remnant would experience vindication. Paul also argued that the unbelief of national Israel (the non-remnant) had the purpose of extending the compass of salvation. The unbelief of one group made the universal scope of the gospel possible. This universalism was itself intended to bring about the vindication of the unbelieving group (11:11-16). As a result of faith, all (Jew and Gentile) could be branches of the olive tree (11:17-24). Since faith in Christ was necessary to remain grafted into the tree, no one could boast of his position. All, Jew and Gentile alike, were dependent upon the mercy and grace of God. As a result of God’s mysterious plan, He would bring about the vindication of His people (11:25-27). [Note: It is this author's belief that this vindication occurred around 66-70 AD, with the Parousia of Christ's Church; this author is Full-Preterist in their Eschatology.]

Hey Reddit fam! 🚀 Struggling to climb the YouTube ranks? I've dove deep into the secrets of optimizing video titles and stumbled upon a game-changer SEO system that can skyrocket your visibility. In this mega-post, I'll break down how simple tweaks to your titles, combined with the mysterious power of CTR manipulation, can transform your YouTube game. Get ready to unleash the potential of your videos and dominate those search results!
Ever wondered how some YouTube channels manage to float to the top of your search results, almost as if they've cracked the code to digital success? In a world where video content is king, understanding the nuances behind video ranking, from tantalizing titles to the strategic use of SEO tools, can transform your digital presence. Dive with us into the depths of YouTube SEO strategies and the revolutionary 'Rank Attack SEO System' that's changing the game for creators and marketers alike.
Video Transcript Analysis and Outline for an In-Depth Reddit Post

Transform Your YouTube Strategy with Advanced SEO Techniques

Exploring the dynamic world of YouTube video ranking requires a deep dive into not just the basics of SEO but into advanced tools and strategies that can catapult your content to the top. This post unpacks everything from title optimization to leveraging AI for marketing success. Here's what we will cover amnd there is a webinar replay at the bottom of the post with live demo!

Understanding YouTube Titles and Their Impact

• The significance of titles in video ranking
• Real-time demonstration on optimizing titles for better rankings

Introducing the Rank Attack SEO System

• The evolution from basic SEO to the Rank Attack SEO System
• How CTR manipulation tools evolved over time

Leveraging AI for Cutting-edge Marketing

• The role of AI in modern marketing strategies
• Examples of AI tools that can amplify your content's reach

SEO Beyond YouTube: Boosting Web Page Rankings

• The interconnectedness of YouTube and Google rankings
• Strategies for enhancing web page SEO through YouTube

The Power of CTR Clicks and Engagement Signals

• A breakdown of CTR clicks and why they matter
• How engagement signals contribute to your video’s success

Practical Steps to Optimize Your YouTube SEO

• A step-by-step guide to utilizing the Re-Optimizer tool
• Incorporating CTR manipulation for exponential growth

Post Body:
Optimizing your YouTube titles might seem like basic advice, but the reality is that a well-crafted title is your first step towards ranking success. Demonstrations have shown that tweaking your video titles can significantly impact their visibility and searchability (embed a clip here showcasing the title change impact).
When it comes to advanced YouTube SEO, the Rank Attack SEO System introduces a nuanced approach. It’s not just about hitting the right keywords but also about engaging with tools like the first CTR manipulation tool introduced in 2014, evolving into what we now know as SerpAttack (embed video clip of the Rank Attack SEO system explanation).
AI has fundamentally changed the marketing landscape, offering tools that can think, analyze, and optimize faster than ever before. Incorporating AI into your strategy means staying ahead of trends and being able to predict audience behaviors in ways that were previously impossible.
But YouTube SEO isn’t just about dominating YouTube search results. It’s also about leveraging YouTube success to boost your website's Google rankings. This interconnected strategy ensures that success in one area can lead to gains across the board, a concept that has been largely overlooked.
CTR clicks and engagement signals play a pivotal role in how content is ranked. Unlike passive views, CTR clicks show active audience engagement, which both YouTube and Google’s algorithms favor. Encouraging viewers to interact, from leaving comments to sharing links, enhances these signals (Show a short clip demonstrating how CTR improvement affects rankings).
Finally, taking actionable steps towards optimizing your content involves a detailed analysis of your current strategy, identifying areas of improvement, and applying tools like Re-Optimizer to make meaningful changes. With tools like SerpAttack, you can kickstart your journey towards improved visibility and engagement, ensuring that your content reaches its intended audience.
In conclusion, mastering YouTube SEO is more than just a checklist. It’s about understanding the tools at your disposal, from AI to advanced analytical software, and using them to craft a strategy that speaks directly to your audience. Whether you’re a seasoned creator or just starting, the journey towards SEO mastery begins with a willingness to experiment and adapt. Share your experiences, questions, or any insights you might have on navigating the complex world of YouTube SEO. Let's learn and grow together!
Ready to take your YouTube SEO to the next level? Dive into the world of advanced optimization with SerpAttack. With its AI-driven insights and powerful CTR manipulation capabilities, you're just steps away from transforming your content's performance. Watch the webinar replay with live demo of the above strategy and in the YouTUbe video description you can Get a 14 Day Trial Of SerpAttack today and witness the transformative power of tailored SEO strategies!

There are a lot of digital billboard trucks for sale in the market due to their high demand. Many marketers use these vehicles to spread the word about an upcoming product, service, or event around a specific territory or location. Continue reading about why these LED trucks are a popular advertising solution for marketers.
The Top 5 Advantages of Digital Billboard Trucks
There are numerous reasons why companies invest in billboard trucks, and this is because of their campaign success through its many efforts.
Cost-Effectiveness
Due to their cost-effectiveness, you can spot many of these LED mobile billboards in New York and other big cities. Although they may cost much money upfront, high returns are expected. This is because many people see the campaign without advertisers having to pay extra for more, and people see their efforts since these billboards travel around the city.
In addition, these mobile digital billboards can target numerous target demographics for a limited amount of money. While traditional billboards are also effective, these mobile variants can roam around town, showing more and more individuals. Moreover, advertisers can maximize their financial returns with proper strategies like route optimization.
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One of the key goals of marketing and advertising is increasing audience reach and impact. These trucks are ideal for high-traffic cities due to their size and eye-catching creative designs. Due to its dense population, LED billboard trucks in NY can often be seen. With this effort, there would be a broader audience reach by consistently moving trucks around a specific area and time.
To begin, many suppliers of digital billboard trucks are for sale nationwide, and businesses are encouraged to purchase one due to its numerous benefits. Businesses must strategically plan their specific audiences and geographic areas to maximize their profit.
These trucks can travel to locations where the target population is mostly present. Additionally, organizations can design a specific route for the truck. By going mobile, campaigns can easily reach more extensive audiences.
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As mentioned, businesses can specify their digital truck routes. These advertising efforts allow businesses to specify the truck’s location based on their target demographic. Basically, it ensures their messages are precisely delivered. Additionally, many businesses use other vehicles for advertising, such as personal vehicles and public transportation. However, maximizing these LED trucks by traveling to high-traffic areas of the target demographic can significantly and positively influence the campaign.
That said, businesses that approach these measures should partner with reputable advertising agencies to know where their prospects are. With the right amount of data, businesses can successfully implement campaigns by targeting their advertisements to specific locations.
Unlike traditional billboards, these LED trucks can travel to busy areas, including residential places where many targets live. Moreover, this targeted advertising would likely convert impressions into customers.
Boosted Visibility
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With modernization, brands could now even live stream on their digital LED trucks! There’s a reason why businesses of all sizes across various industries like to incorporate this into their advertising efforts, such as allowing the incorporation of dynamic audio.
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The game heavily incentivises using new Pokèmon for every run due to the first time clear tickets. But this often means you'll be unlocking new egg moves, shinies and passives for Pokèmon you've already cleared it with, giving you no chance to get to use the new stuff. And a lot of the Pokèmon you use will be stuff you caught in the run so never actually using them as a starter.
There is endless but that doesn't promote using lots of Pokèmon, more just a few revolving around a specific strategy, and has no end goal (hence the name).
So it'd be nice to have some modes to re-use Pokèmon you've used before. Some of my ideas:
-Daily challenge runs. Make a team of a given criteria (specific region only, specific type, starting with only baby Pokèmon etc). You wouldn't be able to add new Pokèmon to your team in the run (but still catch), but the team cost would be increased, just not enough to make a team of 6 legendaries, maybe something like 25.
-AI controlled runs. You make a team and the AI makes all your choices in the run itself. Could be full random or working on trainer-based AI. Having passives and got egg moves would be a huge benefit to compensate for the less strategic play.
-"hard mode", a 500/1000 floor run open only to mons that have cleared classic. It'd also help with the issue of many items like shiny charms not having as much use in classic due to the run ending before you can really gather a stack of them.
-Random starter run. Basically similar to daily runs, but the 3 starters are your own and start at level 5 with the moves currently set on the starter screen

Hello everyone, Covenant, Wei, and Duodex here to go over the rest of our technology changes in this new Progress Report. We will go over the rest of the completed changes in each part of our tech trees and doctrines. There are some uncompleted sections that will be finished in a future version, but this will not have any impact on the gameplay. We will start by covering the small changes to trees already covered in Part 1 or trees that are very similar to vanilla.
The Infantry Tech Tree:
The infantry tree has one relatively major change since the last PR. We have decided that Mechanized equipment and Amtracs should be included in the infantry tree. Originally they were going to be in the tank tree back when we were considering making an NSB equivalent for the tanks but with the choice to only do base game tanks it made more sense to include the Mechanized in the infantry tree instead.
The Air Tech Tree:
The air tree has one small change since the last PR, we have moved scouts to be connected to air interceptors instead of as a subtech. Due to scout planes only being available with the La Resistance DLC we needed to add an alternate tech for players who didn't own LaR but this proved impossible in the old implementation. Instead we have attached them to the tree.
The Artillery Tech Tree:
The Artillery Tech tree is an expansion of the vanilla tree. This choice was made not out of laziness but because artillery, conventional anti-tank, and conventional anti-air guns did not develop that much between 1948-1964 OTL. With that in mind the Kalterkrieg artillery tree will be an extension/light modification of the vanilla tree to fit the timeline and that's it. Missile-based anti-air and anti-tank weapons are in the missiles tech tree instead of this one to not over complicate/confuse everything.
Electro-Mechanical Engineering Tree:
Much like the artillery tree the Electro-Mechanical Engineering Tree (or Electronics in game) will effectively be a time shifted version of the vanilla tree with one small change. The growing importance of aircraft and air warfare made us consider adding a tech related to air-traffic control as post-ww2 there were a number of developments in this field that came with the improvements in radio and radar technologies. The 1946, 1952, 1956, and 1960 radar technologies will have a technology connected to each named Air Control (4 in total) that will improve stats such as mission efficiency, accident chance and bad weather penalty.
There is also the rocketry tree that is on the right of the side. The original plan was to incorporate a space race mechanic to the later rocketry techs but instead of developing a half-assed mechanic or delaying release to finish it we have decided to leave it to the future. The early techs do however improve rocket artillery and are required to unlock the first missiles tech (much like vanilla).
Now let's cover tech that is quite different from vanilla…
Armour Tree:
The armour tree is not an extension of vanilla in any way and has two branches in it, Light Armour and Main Battle Tanks. The tanks in each also have subtechs to represent variants of these tanks with the light tanks having amphibious tanks as a subtech and the MBT’s have a subtech for Self-Propelled Anti-air and Self-Propelled Artillery. There are also a number of intermediate upgrade techs that improve certain stats.
There are 4 light tank models researchable, a 1945, 1948, 1952, and a 1960 model with each having an amphibious tank subtech. In between tank 2 and 3 and 4 there are gun and speed upgrades which improve soft attack and speed respectively.
For Main Battle tanks there are 3 models, (though the first model is considered a medium tank) a 1945, 1948 and 1960 model. Between 1948 and 1960 there are 2 upgrades for armor, gun and chassis as well as a general upgrade. The general upgrade is required before the 1960 model can be researched and the general upgrade requires at least both of one upgrade line be researched. Each MBT model has subtechs for SPAA and SPA/SPG which benefit from the upgrade techs.
Some of you may be wondering why there are no heavy tanks or tank destroyers. I assure you this was not a mistake but a conscious choice. We decided that both lost their use post-war and it would be useful to add each to the tech tree. While some heavy tanks were developed by the allied powers post WW2 they were very quickly made obsolete in favour of Main Battle Tanks. The same thing happened with Tank destroyers though they were also hampered by the creation of improved anti-tank weapons like RPGs.
Industry Tree:
While the industry tree is inspired by vanilla some explanation is required due to some effects used in the tree. There are 4 branches to the industry tree, Construction, Industry, Resources, and Oil.
The construction branch is simple. There are 4 techs that improve construction speed with 3 mutually exclusive choices in-between. The choice you make is between improving the land cultivation in a state or receiving improving the civilian economy in a random owned state. Due to some limitation with the engine the location of the factory is only shown in the hover tooltip and not the research effect window.
The production branch has 4 techs that improve efficiency and 3 pairs of techs that improve dockyard and factory output. The dockyard and factory techs are not mutually exclusive (though I don't recommend researching it if you are a landlocked nation).
The resources branch has 4 techs that extraction and in-between them are 3 sets of techs that add steel, chromium, tungsten or aluminium if certain conditions are met. You will gain 5% production of the specific resource in each state that produces 20 or more of said resource. Due to the aforementioned engine issue the states that gain extra resources are only available by hovering over the tech.
The Oil branch is simple, it has 4 techs that each improve how much fuel is gained from oil and refineries.
Missiles Tree:
Missiles are obviously an important part of any Cold War mod and as such that has earnt them their own tree. There are 3 (technically 4 but the 4th is smaller) branches to the missile tree, ballistic missiles, surface-to-air missiles, air-to-air missiles, and anti-tank missiles. Ballistic and SAMs require the basic guided missiles (like from vanilla to be researched).
Ballistic missiles and SAMs both have basic and improved tech as well as an intermediate upgrade. Ballistic missiles use the vanilla mechanic for missiles while SAM equipment are used for a SAM support battalion. The reason neither has a unique mechanic (yet) is that we felt that having a half-finished or buggy to use mechanic would be more frustrating than just using vanilla. Ballistic missiles also have 2 subtechs, cruise missiles which right now just increase the strategic bombing strength of ballistic missiles but I hope in future to add cruise missiles (this is yet another limitation created by Paradox where we can’t make unique versions of rocket sites). Ballistics and SAMs also share a subtech that is ship-based missiles that add both anti-ship and ship-based SAM equipment modules.
The air-to-air branch has 3 techs that each improve air attack. As we have chosen not to make a BBA version of the air tree (I, Covenant do not want to deal with balancing BBA planes and NSB tanks so that's why. I also just don't like it in general) the air-to-air techs just add general improvements to attack. There are also 2 IR (infra-red) air-to-air missile techs that improve night attack. These require the research of 2 IR experimentation techs that improve other stats.
Lastly the anti-tank missiles branch has a pre-req tech, optical guidance that you need to research to unlock anti-tank gun 3 which you need to unlock basic anti-tank missiles. Our justification for this is that anti-tank missiles only started to become viable after 1960 which is outside the mod timeframe.
Secret Weapons Tree:
The secret weapons tree is our least complete tree and we will explain why but first the branches. There are 3 branches, atomic weapons, biological warfare, and flamethrowers. Currently the atomic weapons branch has only some techs working, biological warfare is unfinished whereas flamethrowers have actual effects.
The atomic weapons branch is currently, if effectively a retooling of the vanilla atomic techs. You must research basic atomic research, then atomic piles (which allows the building of reactors), then bomb research (which adds research speed), then finally the atomic bomb actually unlocks nukes. The other atomic techs do not do anything but we plan on working on custom nuclear mechanics after release.
The flamethrowers branch has 4 techs, each improves the soft-attack of all infantry and motorized units but it also has a negative impact. Whenever a nation researches flamethrowers that nation gains a -20 opinion modifier with every other nation on earth. This is to illustrate that since the end of the war (and its rampant usage by Russia and Japan) the world now sees flamethrowers as cruel weapons and a war-crime. As such any nation who is seen to be improving their flamethrowers is viewed negatively. Nations that start with flamethrowers will not have this opinion modifier though. We plan to do something similar for biological weapons research.
Land Doctrines:
For our land doctrines we decided to have 4 choices for land doctrines, those being combined operations, maneuver warfare, deep battle and asymmetrical warfare. Instead of covering every element of these doctrines, which would take forever I will give an overview of what each doctrine entails and tease a few of the bonus each gives.
Combined operations encompass the intricate orchestration of diverse military elements, pooling resources and expertise across multiple branches or services of a nation's armed forces, alongside potential collaboration with allied forces. This synergy fosters a unified approach towards achieving strategic objectives, leveraging the unique strengths of each component to enhance operational effectiveness on land, at sea, and in the air.
Maneuver warfare epitomizes a dynamic military strategy characterized by fluidity, agility, and rapidity in troop movements. It emphasizes exploiting enemy vulnerabilities, disrupting their cohesion, and seizing advantageous positions, rather than relying solely on brute force or attrition. Through swift and decisive actions, maneuver warfare seeks to outmaneuver and outwit adversaries, capitalizing on the element of surprise to gain tactical superiority and achieve operational success.
Deep battle embodies a strategic doctrine aimed at penetrating deep into enemy territory to target their rear areas, lines of communication, and critical infrastructure. By striking at the heart of the opponent's logistical and organizational support systems, deep battle disrupts their ability to sustain military operations, eroding their resilience and weakening their overall combat effectiveness. This approach emphasizes the importance of coordinated and synchronized offensives across multiple fronts, enabling forces to exploit vulnerabilities and capitalize on fleeting opportunities.
Asymmetrical warfare signifies a paradigm shift in military engagement, where conventional power differentials are challenged by asymmetric tactics and unconventional strategies. In asymmetric conflicts, weaker forces often employ guerrilla warfare, insurgency, terrorism, or other irregular methods to undermine the strengths of more conventionally powerful adversaries. By leveraging innovation, adaptability, and asymmetry in tactics, asymmetrical warfare seeks to offset numerical or technological disadvantages, maximizing the impact of limited resources and achieving strategic objectives through asymmetric means.
Naval Doctrines:
Naval doctrines similarly also have 4 choices for doctrine. These are brown water navy, green water navy, blue water navy, and naval supremacy (with a shared escort related tree between the last two). I will do the same as army doctrine and explain each while teasing some effects.
Brown water navies primarily operate in inland or shallow coastal waters, focusing on riverine and littoral areas. Their vessels are typically smaller and more maneuverable, optimized for navigating rivers, estuaries, and other confined waterways where larger naval vessels may struggle to operate effectively. Brown water navies are often tasked with patrolling and securing waterborne trade routes, conducting riverine warfare, and supporting ground operations in coastal regions, playing a vital role in maintaining maritime security and stability in these environments.
Green water navies operate in the near-coastal zones and littoral regions of the open ocean, possessing the capability to project power and influence within a limited range from their home shores. These navies typically deploy a mix of surface combatants, submarines, and maritime patrol aircraft to safeguard territorial waters, protect maritime trade routes, and deter potential threats in their immediate maritime vicinity. While green water navies may lack the global reach of blue water navies, they play a crucial role in defending coastal territories and exerting maritime control over critical strategic areas.
Blue water navies are capable of operating across vast oceanic expanses and projecting power on a global scale. Equipped with aircraft carriers, cruisers, destroyers, and submarines, blue water navies possess the capability to conduct sustained naval operations far from their home bases, projecting force and protecting national interests worldwide. Blue water navies are essential for power projection, sea control, and maritime dominance, enabling nations to influence events in distant regions, respond to crises, and protect vital sea lanes of communication crucial for global trade and commerce.
Naval supremacy represents the pinnacle of maritime power projection, embodying unparalleled dominance and control over the world's oceans. Exemplified by nations like the United States during the Cold War and the Royal Navy from during Britain's Imperial Century, naval supremacy entails not only the capability to operate globally but also the unrivaled ability to dictate the terms of maritime engagement and shape international affairs through naval strength alone. Beyond the capabilities of a traditional blue water navy, a nation with naval supremacy commands an overwhelming advantage in both conventional and strategic terms, with a fleet comprising advanced aircraft carriers, stealthy submarines, state-of-the-art surface combatants, and comprehensive maritime surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities. Such a navy not only safeguards vital sea lanes and strategic choke points but also projects influence across all maritime domains, ensuring unrivaled deterrence and the ability to decisively intervene in any maritime theater of operations. Naval supremacy confers not just military superiority but also significant diplomatic leverage, shaping the geopolitical landscape and underpinning a nation's status as a global maritime hegemon.
Air Doctrines:
For now we are using vanilla air doctrines. We understand this may be disappointing but none of us possessed enough knowledge of different cold war air doctrines to create something good enough. Air doctrines of the cold war is also not something that is documented in an easy to access and absorb place like the others so for now nothing is in place but we will endeavour to produce something post-release.
I hope you all enjoy messing around with the tech we have created for Kalterkreig. I am sure you will find weird and wonderful ways to break them and which equipment is meta and which is not.

Best way to succeed in startups is copying already successful startups. You don't need to be a genius to find an original idea. After all, everything is a remix.
But where do you find these successful startups making millions? Well, its quite simple.
100s of Indiehackers have been tooting their own revenue on Twitter with the #buildinpublic hashtag. You can find them through it but its a tedious process. We can make it much simpler.
Enter Acquire.com, previously known as MicroAcquire.
Acquire is a marketplace for Startup Founders to sell their profit-generating Startups. These are usually small ones that are made by a team of 1-10 people. Since they are small, they are easy to copy.
Acquire shows you everything from Revenue to Profit to Competitors to the Cost it takes to run. What they don't tell you is the exact startup domain.
But if you are smart enough, you can find the exact domain through your OSINT and SOCMINT Skills.
Just sign up at Acquire. Click on your Avatar on top right and click Explore Marketplace.
You can find extremely good ideas on Acquire but I'll list a few that caught my eye:

1. Twitter outreach tool to find, reach and nurture prospects as well as grow your audience

Link: https://app.acquire.com/startup/zq3DbEFLHnZscyLRbTlxE1BosXv2/0wfJfThkimzDeVmJuieS?source=marketplace
This product is a Cold DM tool that has $185 mrr.
The total profit is $1k and the asking price is $30k.
If you scroll down a bit, you'll find the founding date, the team size, the tech stack, the business model, the competitors, and the growth opportunities.
The best part is when you scroll down a little further. You can find the exact Acquisition channels as it connects with Google Analytics.
This is a good idea to build because let's be honest, every business needs leads.
And what better way to get leads than to automate it with a Twitter outreach tool.

2. AI-Powered Roleplay Site running custom LLM model based off Meta's Llama

Link: https://app.acquire.com/startup/fMWCklAW4PPxiJ4xxpGKzu2Prct2/gvkmQYR8o3GFhG9pbYkS?source=marketplace
Notice on the right there are 15 buyers interested. This shows demand. Investors are mostly interested in the fastest-growing startups.
AI-Powered Roleplay is a huge market. AI Girlfriends are a massive Billion Dollar Business and with the recent release of Llama 3, there will be more alternatives like this.
This product is a 1-person product launched last year in June 2023. It has $5k in profit and $520 mrr but massive potential. If you scroll a bit, we get a Chartmogul graph of ARR, MRR, Customers, and Churn rate.

3. AI Photography Studio

Link: https://app.acquire.com/startup/daNCPe3tsEOyluwxQ5PybYIRVA53/KI3d9vSNWsE499iQjQqW?source=marketplace
AI Photography Studios are all the rage launched during the 2nd wave (text-to-image) of AI.
This one made $2.1m profit and $76k MRR. It had a TikTok go viral so you can assume they are acquiring customers to TikTok. Shouldn't be too hard to find, eh?
They have said the competitors are Aragon and Headshot so you can cut those of your list now. There are only so many alternatives. You can nail this startup down even further. The metrics are 100,000+ customers. I'm sure they are boasting it on their landing pages. You can easily find this one.

4. A lead generation platform for businesses to generate and build email lists. 100% Organic Traffic.

Link: https://app.acquire.com/startup/nEOrnThIWNgtBK07TTdQ4Wbn3f73/eB78ZuQwKlVXFaszdnVJ?source=marketplace
This one has 43 serious buyers. The description is extremely enticing. Hands-off and automated with traffic from Google? Of course, who doesn't like that.
4.7 rating on Trustpilot with 380 reviews. And the competitor is Uplead.
Metrics are incredible. ~$50k mrr ($578k / 12 months) with 100-1000 customers. The traffic is consistent.
Try copying the description we found above and paste it into Google:

An all-in-one platform designed for businesses aiming to generate leads by extracting data from various social media channels and quickly building email lists, with an amazing Trustpilot rating of 4.7 based on over 380 reviews from satisfied customers.

And scroll down a bit to see Outscraper and LeadSwift recommended. Open them both up in the New Tab.
Remember the listing had Tech Stack? Yep, we'll use that to nail it down further.
Install Wappalyzer on your platform of choice. I use Chrome so I installed the Chrome Extension.
Reload the websites (Outscraper and LeadSwift) so the extension loads. Now, you'll see only Outscraper is using WordPress and jQuery while LeadSwift only uses jQuery.
But remember, they might be using React for their dashboard which you can only find after login. But I've found an important datapoint. Outscraper was founded earlier than 2022. You can check the Oldest Tab on their YouTube channel.
Therefore, it might be Leadswift.
A few tips:

1. Find their founding date and compare.
2. Find Trustpilot ratings and sort by reviews. Don't forget to search for "leads"
3. Stalk the founders on Linkedin to find their company starting date. You can also do that through YouTube Oldest Search.
4. Reverse-engineer their SEO strategy
5. Check their location on the website. The location in the listing is United States (Florida)

If you just want to build a startup in this niche, then the approximation is more than enough to get an idea of what to build.
However, every listing gives enough info to find them. Some numbers might be misinterpreted to misdirect you. This is basically how you find successful startup ideas. Now you can build them and start marketing them. If you build it and nobody buys it, then you know your marketing sucks. Once you know that, you can improve your marketing skills by reverse-engineering your competitors.
What do you use to reverse-engineer companies? Semrush, SimilarWeb, SensorTower, Chrome Extensions, or anything else?
PS: If you'd like to read the full post with images, you can do so here.
PPS: Bdw, you can also see another post on reverse-engineering business model here.

1. High volatility
Explanation: Cryptocurrency prices can change significantly in a short time
Warning: Do not invest more than you can afford to lose. Be prepared for possible losses and do not panic when the market fluctuates
2. Fraud and phishing
Explanation: Cryptocurrencies attract fraudsters who use various methods to steal your assets
Warning: Always verify the authenticity of websites and applications. Do not disclose your private keys or recovery phrases. Be wary of messages from strangers or suspicious sources
3. Untrusted projects.
Explanation: There are many untrustworthy or fraudulent crypto projects on the market
Warning: Before investing, conduct thorough research on the project. Check the team, technical documentation, partners, and reputation of the project
4. Complexity of regulation
Explanation: Cryptocurrency regulations differ from country to country and are subject to change
Warning: Follow local laws and regulations regarding cryptocurrencies. Consult with lawyers or tax advisors to avoid legal problems
5. Difficulty of storage and security
Explanation: Storing cryptocurrencies can be difficult and unsafe due to the possibility of hacker attacks
Warning: Use secure wallets, preferably hardware-based (e.g. Ledger or Trezor). Always keep backups of your recovery phrases in a safe place
6. The illusion of making money fast
Explanation: The possibility of making quick money with cryptocurrencies is often advertised
Warning: Do not be fooled by promises of quick and easy money. Investing in cryptocurrencies requires time, knowledge, and strategy. Avoid gambling decisions and develop a long-term plan
7. Lack of experience and knowledge
Explanation: Many beginners start investing without proper preparation
Warning: Before investing, learn the basics of blockchain, cryptocurrencies, and market trends. Use reliable learning resources such as books, courses, forums, and official project websites
8. Lack of diversification
Explanation: Investing all your funds in one cryptocurrency can be very risky
Warning: Distribute your investments between different cryptocurrencies and assets. This will help reduce risks and protect your portfolio from large losses
9. Improper use of leverage
Explanation: Using leverage can significantly increase both gains and losses
Warning: Avoid using leverage unless you have sufficient experience. Leverage can quickly lead to significant losses
10. Emotional decisions
Explanation: Emotions can influence decision-making, especially during market fluctuations
Warning: Make decisions based on analysis and strategy, not emotion. Avoid panic during downturns and don't give in to the “fear of missing out” (FOMO) during upswings

Hi everyone,
I am a non US IMG, who recently passed step 1. I am also working in a hospital for the past 1 year after my graduation . So basically my biggest problem was TIME. It was not that easy to study in between or after the duty hours. I decided to find out and experiment some legal ways to crack out the exam.
First of all ,I set a timeline for step 1 as 3 months and a dedicated period of 2-3 weeks. My primary resources were :
1.NBME and free 120s - yeah, my primary resource was NBMEs. I took NBMEs from 20-31, old & free 120 - scoring from 50s-70 as it progressed. Tried to figure out which all topics they were repeating and made a list. Then I studied from those topics. I used to also mark how many times they asked from a particular area and gave that much stars.
Some areas were extremely high yielding (even more than 10 stars!!)- Endocrine receptors, renal stones, Ca -PTH relation, Familial dyslipidemia, hypersensitivity reactions etc . I could really predict the areas and probably questions by this strategy

1. U World - I used it for the last 2 months. Could finish only 75% of it. Went through the explanations and also made flashcard in the app. The questions were really thought provoking. I was initially tensed with my scores but gradually picked up. DONT look into scores and worry about it- it's just a studying tool. I got 220s in both the UWSAs and made my mind that it's enough for me to pass
   
2. Dirty medicine Youtube videos - for biochemistry, ethics and some high yield random topics like renal pathology. He has beautifully covers the important point in a crisp fashion with nice mnemonics
   
3. HyGuru Youtube videos - subject wise 1 hour long discussion videos were nice. The way to approach questions were really good
   
4. Mehlman PDFs - Neuroanatomy, Arrows, biochemistry, Immunology, Genetics are must to do and were an eye opening ones. You can boost your confidence and scores after doing these PDFs especially the ARROWS
   
5. .Randy Neil Youtube videos for pharmacokinetics,dyanamics - he cover it very nicely
   
6. Reditt - saw some really nice post and success writeups in reddit. It played a vital role in the preparation. Especially some HY facts, question approach tricks, motivation! Also beware of some redditors who just post things to get sadistic pleasure. Don't mind them !!
   

That's all . I really believe that it's our confidence beyond all. Believe in yourself and trust the work you have done.
Everyone has their own study methods. Don't try to follow what others say(even mine!) .Rather experiment with what suits you. For eg: I really find Sketchy as weird. It's easy for me to recollect the points or tables rather than scanning and remembering those minute details in the picture and confusing which picture/details for what particular organism!
Also I haven't used anki ever in my life. I tried initially for step 1 prep, but it didn't suit me. Everywhere in the reddit it's full of Zanki,Danky,Monkey (no offence!)...I just avoided anki, because that's not my style. Try to experiment with stuffs, but if it's not for you, just leave it and move on!
Also I didn't have time to watch from resources like Kaplan,BnB or other similar ones
I felt the real exam was quite lengthy, but the concepts were predictable ones. It was highly oriented on ethics. Some of the questions were really nice one (to crack it out) and some were very basic ones. I also got some questions correct from my clinical experience !
In summary, if you have studied well, passed the recent NBMEs and have the confidence, you will crack the exam. All the best to you all !! Keep inspiring others!
( Meanwhile, now I am confused and figuring out in my clinic about how to crack step 2 ck!!!)

In forex trading, it is either you follow the rules to win or always regret your losses.
There are FIVE basic rules that can either help a trader win or lose. Expert Traders that make profitable trades have learnt how to use these five rules to their advantage.
(1) The rule of Emotions
(2) The rule of Strategy
(3) The rule of Money management
(4) The rule of Trend
(5) The rule of Time
To make it easier to follow the rules, Olymp Trade has designed the rules into a special checklist for Traders to download and use consistently till they form the habit and trade by these winning rules automatically.
This special checklist is a perfect tool for assessing how safe the trade you are about to take is. Try using it now and you will be surprised how easy it is to avoid taking extra risk that often leads to regrets and avoidable losses.
Learn the rules here: https://blog.olymptrade.com/a-checklist-for-making-a-winning-trade/
Download the checklist here: https://blog.olymptrade.com/.../uploads/2019/12/Check-EN.pdf

TLDR: Which is that X factor that any 'topper' uses to ace any exam?
Topper as in high scoring range for either PG entrance exams (NEET-PG, INI etc.) or in GTs of various coachings.
The reason for asking this question is that what I feel is, I am kind of not improving in terms of competitive exams' GT.
Having followed most of the basic advices given by seniors who have cracked the exams like using a single source RR, PYTs etc. I am still getting marks in 400-450 range. Even if the marks are increasing, my percentiles are decreasing by each passing GT.
I know that doing PYTs, PYQs or for even that matter the coaching material available (Qbanks, TnDs etc.) help but even after revisions there seems to be no improvement. But on the other hand peers are adopting these strategies and they are improving well.
Is there something which I am missing/ should introduce in my preparation to ace it?
Do the regular toppers we see in Marrow GT listing are prodigies or is there something else attributed in addition to their hardwork?

By participating in this discussion, you acknowledge that all feedback is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license. https://opensource.org/license/apache-2-0
We are currently prototyping a few new projects, one of which is a new filesystem layout. We're interested in community feedback. We're specifically seeking constructive positive feedback and suggestions while temporarily setting aside compatibility concerns with existing open-source software.
Maybe this is a project you're also passionate about. Let's work together to compile the information needed to make this work. That way, we can all benefit from having the knowledge to organize our filesystem layouts based on our own preferences.

Notice

Please note that we're aware of some potential issues with the /system
directory, particularly its read-only nature. Your insights will help us address these challenges.

Goals

Our aim is to improve security, maintainability, and user experience through a more organized filesystem. Additionally, we intend to document the implementation of alternative filesystem layouts, enabling others to create and experiment with their own designs.

Introduction

In this proposed directory structure, several traditional Linux directories are redefined and organized to enhance clarity, security, and manageability. Here’s a detailed explanation:
This restructured directory layout introduces several enhancements over the traditional Linux Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS). By isolating the core system files in a read-only `/system` partition, we significantly improve system stability and security. This separation ensures that essential system files remain untouched and safe from accidental or malicious modifications. Additionally, the use of `/apps` as the new directory for global application installations mirrors the purpose of the traditional `/usr` directory, but with a clearer distinction between system files and user-installed applications.
Moreover, sandboxing applications within `/Applications` and `/apps` provides an extra layer of security, preventing applications from interfering with each other or the core system. This method of organizing applications enhances maintainability and simplifies the management of software dependencies.
By placing mount points and media management under `/mnt`, the system organization is further clarified, distinguishing between internal and external resources. This, along with dedicated directories for user data (`/home`), network services (`/net`).
Overall, this directory structure improves security, maintainability, and clarity, making it a robust alternative to the traditional FHS layout.

Stateless Design Principle for /system

The `/system` directory follows the stateless design principle, which is fundamental in modern, secure operating systems. Here's how it works:

• Read-Only Core: The core system files in `/system` are stored on a read-only partition. This ensures that critical system files are immutable during normal operation, preventing unauthorized or accidental changes.
• Atomic Updates: Updates to the system are handled atomically. When a new system version is installed, it is placed in a separate, reserved partition. Upon a successful installation, the system is directed to boot from this new partition. This strategy minimizes downtime and ensures that updates do not disrupt the running system. If an update fails, the system can easily revert to the previous stable version.
• Separation of Concerns: By isolating system files from user data and applications, the stateless design makes the system more modular. It is easier to manage, back up, and restore. User data and applications can be preserved even if the system needs to be reset or reinstalled.
• Simplified Management: System administration is simplified as the read-only nature of `/system` reduces the risk of misconfiguration or corruption. Changes to the system are controlled and predictable, improving overall reliability.

Filesystem Tagging

Filesystem tagging is a method of adding metadata, or "tags," to files and directories within a filesystem. These tags provide additional context and information beyond the basic file attributes like name, size, and modification date. Here's a brief overview of how filesystem tagging can enhance your filesystem:

• Enhanced Metadata: Tags can provide additional context to files and directories beyond their names and locations. For example, you can tag files with keywords related to their content, purpose, or status.
• Improved Search and Filtering: Tags allow for more efficient searching and filtering of files and directories. Users and system administrators can quickly locate files based on their tags, even if they are spread across different directories.
• Simplified Management and Automation: Tags can help automate system management tasks. Scripts and system tools can use tags to apply updates, perform backups, or enforce policies more selectively and effectively.
• Security and Access Control: Tags can be used to enhance security by defining access controls and policies based on file tags. This can add an extra layer of security, especially in a system with a read-only core.

Tagging a file

setfattr -n user.tag -v "security-critical" /apps/application1

Viewing tags

getfattr -n user.tag /apps/application1

Searching for files with a specific tag (example using a script)

find /apps -type f -exec getfattr -n user.tag {} + grep -B1 "security-critical"

Explanation of Directory Structure

/ -- apps # Global directory for application installation -- system # Core Linux System (on its own partition) -- bin # System binaries -- boot # Boot loader files -- lib # Essential shared libraries and kernel modules -- etc # System-wide configuration files -- include # Header files for C and C++ -- sbin # System binaries for administration tasks -- lib64 # 64-bit shared libraries -- var # Variable data files -- log # Log files -- spool # Spool directories for tasks like mail and printing -- cache # Cache data -- lib # Variable state information -- tmp # Temporary files (linked to /temp) -- run # Run-time variable data -- dev # Device files -- proc # Virtual filesystem providing process and kernel -- sysfs # Virtual filesystem providing system and hardware -- mnt # Mount points -- home # User directories -- username # Specific user directory -- Applications # Local directory for application installation -- Documents # Stores user documents -- Desktop # User desktop files -- Downloads # User downloads -- Music # User music files -- Pictures # User pictures -- Videos # User videos -- net # Network services (e.g., web servers) 

Linux Distributions that Employ Some of These Concepts

• Fedora Silverblue
• Fedora CoreOS
• NixOS
• openSUSE MicroOS
• Clear Linux
• Ubuntu Core
• Endless OS

Conclusion

The proposed directory structure introduces a clear, logical separation of system files, user data, and applications, enhancing security, maintainability, and clarity. By leveraging a stateless design principle for the `/system` directory, it ensures system stability and reliability, making it a robust and modern alternative to the traditional Linux Filesystem Hierarchy Standard.

I’d love to have specific armoweapon loadouts for particular missions, but honestly never been much for strategy so end up using generally similar equipment every time
A lot of this of course oughta be personalized, but if we try a basic running down of each mission type and the stratagems/etc you pick for them + why
I know some basics like flamethrower for bugs, pair really light armor with the energy shield, sentry turrets for defensive missions, or wear a 6-stim for fire tornadoes, but feel free to go over any level of strategizing