Linear and nonlinear graph tables worksheet

What statistical test should I use?

2024.05.14 09:58 emergency1202 What statistical test should I use?

Hi AskStatistics,
I'm quite the amateur when it comes to stats, so hoping to get some advice. This is for a paper in the medical field.
I'm analysing some data to determine what factors predict a positive finding of a particular CT scan (0=no, 1=yes). I have data on age, blood pressure, heart rate, etc., and yes/no data (coded as 1/0) for if they are taking a particular medication, have a history of collapse etc. I'm using SPSS currently. How do I analyse this to determine if a factor such as taking a medication is statistically significant in predicting a positive outcome of the CT scan.
I initially thought a univariate analysis with the CT scan being the dependant variable and all my other 20 or so variables as fixed values (analyse -> generate linear model -> univariate), but I don't seem to be getting what I'm looking for. I was (ideally!) hoping there would be something I could do on SPSS to generate a single table that tells me the mean/median/interquartile range for all my variables (or % of 1/0 for the yes/no variables) and the associated p value for statistical significance in predicting a "YES" (i.e 1) value for the CT scan.
Thanks in advance!
submitted by emergency1202 to AskStatistics [link] [comments]


2024.05.14 09:21 Peter34cph The paperclip numbers for Captain difficulty

Reading the Stellaris Wiki, and setting up a spreadsheet, I've calculated the number of monthly paperclips you have to make to meet each possible quota, on Captain difficulty where the first quota is 8000. I used to take out my phone, use the calculator app every cycle, but now I have made this table instead.
https://stellaris.paradoxwikis.com/Situations#Commodities_Consolidation
fail: 5666 total, which is 48 per month 2210: 8000 total, which is 67 per month 2220: 9600 total, which is 80 per month 2230: 11520 total, which is 96 per month 2240: 13824 total, which is 116 per month 2250: 16589 total, which is 139 per month 2260: 19907 total, which is 166 per month 2270: 23889 total, which is 200 per month 2280: 28667 total, which is 239 per month 2290: 34401 total, which is 287 per month 2300: 41282 total, which is 345 per month 2310: 49539 total, which is 413 per month 2320: 59447 total, which is 496 per month 2330: 71337 total, which is 595 per month 2340: 85605 total, which is 714 per month 2350: 102726 total, which is 857 per month 2360: 123272 total, which is 1028 per month 2370: 147927 total, which is 1233 per month 2380: 177513 total, which is 1480 per month 2390: 213016 total, which is 1776 per month 2400: 255620 total, which is 2131 per month 2410: 306744 total, which is 2557 per month 2420: 368093 total, which is 3068 per month 2430: 441712 total, which is 3681 per month 2440: 530055 total, which is 4418 per month 2450: 636066 total, which is 5301 per month 2460: 763280 total, which is 6361 per month 2470: 915936 total, which is 7633 per month 2480: 1099124 total, which is 9160 per month 2490: 1318949 total, which is 10992 per month 2500: 1582739 total, which is 13190 per month 2510: 1899287 total, which is 15828 per month 
The first quota, to be met in late 2210, is 8000, then each time you meet it, it goes up by 20%. Al your CGs are converted to a reward, either ECs, Unity, Research or Influence as per the Wiki. If you have more CGs than the quota they're all converted, but you get no special reward, just, like, 7% more if you exceeded the quota by 7%, so it's linear, i.e. there's no reason to try to exceed it except by a safety margin.
The fail number is for if you should fail your first quota. Then you get a new quota that's the reciprocal of 1.2 smaller of the quota you failed, so first cycle it'll be 6666, but you get to keep 1000 of your CGs, so the actual quota is 5666. You want to avoid failing, because of the penalty to Influence and Unity production that only goes away once you meet a quota.
I'm also starting to think that you want to produce in the normal mode, not the "overdrive" mode or whatever it's called that cost 1 Inf per month.
Obviously the years are based on the assumption that you meet all quotas. If you get out of step, don't rely on the year, rely on the quota number to find out how many you need per month.
submitted by Peter34cph to Stellaris [link] [comments]


2024.05.14 08:47 Curious_Cat_314159 Why is Simplex LP model nonlinear?

u/solvermax
Why is the Simplex LP model nonlinear in the following image?
https://preview.redd.it/agcue3ak9c0d1.png?width=697&format=png&auto=webp&s=db8bf3a2bdf79df37d28cd22e77d5955c1ae8335
Click here to download the file. See the worksheet "LP (#sup=3) err".
The formula in P6:P24 is of the form (in P6):
=SUMPRODUCT(K6:O6, $K$25:$O$25)
My guess is: the sum of the product of binary variables is considered nonlinear.
But if that were the case, why does the Simplex LP model "work" (not nonlinear) when the formuas in P6:P24 are simply of the form (in P6):
=SUM(K6:O6)
See the worksheet "LP (#sup<>3) ok".
IOW, why can we sum binary variables, but we cannot sum the product of binary variables?
Or if that's not the problem, what is?
And more to the point, how can I add the limitation of 3 of 5 suppliers to the Simplex LP model?
Related formulas:
P25: =SUM(K25:O25)
H6:H24: =SUMPRODUCT(C6:G6, K6:O6)
H25: =SUM(H6:H24)
I am using Excel 2010.
(-----)
I am not interested in an alternative Solver model or a non-Solver approach, unless my model is completely wrong-minded.
I struggle with Simplex LP models. So, I am interested in an explanation and hopefully a small tweak to my model, for my edification.
FYI, another user posted the original problem in another forum. But since this is probably homework, I am not interested in offering a solution for him. In fact, someone provided a non-Solver approach, which seems to appeal to the OP. See my Excel 2010 implementation in the worksheet "non-Solver".
submitted by Curious_Cat_314159 to excel [link] [comments]


2024.05.14 07:14 ScholarGrade Juniors - NOW is the time to start brainstorming essays

There have been an increasing number of juniors visiting this sub asking for advice about writing essays. Below are some tips and advice for making your essay stand out as excellent. Feel free to ask questions because I will answer every single question in the comments.
I know from experience that many of you are struggling to identify a good topic for your essay. Conventional wisdom says to start by brainstorming a list of potential topics, and chances are, you have already started a mental list of ideas. You might think you only have a few choices for topics, based on your activities or experiences, or essay examples you read, or the rough draft you already started (or worse, that GPT started...). I advise, however, that you put down your list of topics and back away from it. Forget that exists for a moment. Seriously - thinking about this initial list tethers you to certain ideas that might not actually be your best options.
Now you can begin brainstorming with a clean slate.
Start with thinking about what you want to show in your entire application, not just one essay. Every single component in your app has one purpose – to tell more about YOU. Filling out the rest of the application by rote and focusing solely on the essay is short-sighted and will leave so much potential untapped in your application.

It's About You. Tell Your Story - And Be The Protagonist

An admissions officer’s goal is to understand you fully, in the context of your background and the rest of the applicant pool. They will begin this with assessing your academic abilities and potential. Then they will evaluate how you will fit into the student body they’re trying to curate. All of this can be somewhat broad and diverse and touch on several institutional goals. But they will dig deep to find out what each applicant is like, what your core values and motivations are, what kind of student you will be, how you will contribute to the vibrant and intellectual campus community they’re building, etc.
Your goal with essay brainstorming is to ascertain how to powerfully tell your story in a manner that will fit these criteria. The entirety of your application (again, not just one essay) aims to showcase your abilities, qualifications, and uncommon attributes as a person in a positive way. Before you begin outlining or writing your application, you must determine what is unique about you that will stand out to an admissions panel. All students are truly unique. Not one other student has the same combination of life experiences, personality, passions, or goals as you do. Your job in your application is to frame your unique personal attributes in a positive and compelling way. How will you fit on campus? What personal qualities, strengths, core values, talents, or different perspectives do you bring to the table? What stories, deeper motivations/beliefs, or formative experiences can you use to illustrate all of this?
It is always helpful to start with some soul-searching or self-examination. You might not immediately know what you want to share about yourself. It’s not a simple task to decide how to summarize your whole life and being in a powerful and eloquent way on your application. Introspection prior to starting your application takes additional time and effort rather than jumping straight into your first draft. But it is also a valuable method to start writing a winning application that stands out from the stack.
You'll see the advice everywhere that all essay prompts are really about the same thing - you. The goal of each essay then is to showcase who you are, what matters to you, and how you think. I guarantee if you're on this sub enough, you'll hear the advice to "show, don't tell" when writing about yourself. But what does this mean really, and how do you do it well? How do you even get started on an essay that does this?

Introspection Questions

It’s often easiest to start thinking in terms of superlatives, especially those related to personal insights -- what are the most meaningful things about you, and what do you value the most? Here is a list of questions to help you brainstorm broadly before you narrow down your focus for writing:
I have a free introspection worksheet with over 100 questions like this designed to help you find ideas worth exploring in your essays. You can find it on the A2C Discord or download it directly here.

Find Your Story And Arc

Think of a small anecdote or story from your life that you could share that serves as a microcosm of who you are and what is important to you. It will massively help you narrow this down and find a gem of a story if you first start by thinking about your application arc or theme. This is the one-phrase summary of your entire application. It could be "brilliant entrepreneur who started her own successful business" or "talented athlete who wants to study economics and finance as they pertain to sports", or even "avid baker whose hobby sparked an interest in chemistry". It doesn't have to be related to your intended major, but it can help your arc be stronger and clearer if it is.
Once you have an arc determined and a story to share, think about what you want that story to say about you. This is where it can help to think of this as something you would share on a date - what impression does it make about you to the reader? Once you know this, start showing, not telling this attribute of yourself through your story. For example, instead of saying that you're compassionate toward others, you show an example of a time you were compassionate, then elaborate on why, and what it means to you.

Essay Brainstorming Techniques

If you are having trouble finding a story, or simply have writer’s block once you have picked your topic, here are some ideas to get your juices flowing:

Why Essays Matter

Here's the thing a lot of people don't realize about college admission: it's not an award for being the smartest, most accomplished, or most impressive. It's an invitation to join a community. Far too many students think that if they can just show that they're smart enough, they'll get in. Yale even says right on their admissions website that 75% of their applicants are academically qualified to succeed at Yale. But only ~4% are getting in. That should tell you that they're looking for more than just top tier test scores and grades. To be perfectly clear, you will need top tier grades and (optionally) test scores to show that you're qualified, and the vast majority of my students come to me with this part already in the bank. But what sets the admits apart? It's personal insight - sharing who you are, how you think, what matters to you, and how you engage community. You can't just say "/IAmVerySmart, please admit me," or even "I did a cool thing guys! Isn't that neat!" You need to go deeper and show them your core values, personal strengths, motivations, aspirations, character traits, foundational beliefs, personality, etc. And you need to do it in a charming, winsome way that makes them like you and want to invite you to join their community.
So how do I get students to do this? All of my students complete that introspection worksheet. We go through it and find the stories, examples, anecdotes, conversations, memories, relationships, and other things from their life that will help us craft a strong and personally insightful narrative. We also make lists of the values, strengths, and key personal qualities we want to showcase. Once we have some topics, outlines, abstracts, or rough drafts, we talk about which stories to tell where, how to tell them well, and what details to include to present the best they have to offer. Then we refine, edit, polish, and enhance over and over until the story sings, but more importantly shows their heart and soul. We also go through all the other application components to ensure consistency, quality, and distinctiveness.
Here's why this works so well: at most highly selective colleges there is a primary reader (or 2-3) who will review everything first and then present it to the admissions committee, who then votes on whether to admit you. That presentation typically goes one of three ways:
  1. Total enthusiasm, energy, and excitement. They strongly advocate for admission and paint a clear picture of how you will contribute to their goals and community. Everyone in the room picks up on that energy and is leaning forward in their chairs, looking for reasons to admit you. This is quite rare, generally less than 5 out of every 100 applications, even among those which are "fully qualified." When you do this right, you show depth, meaning, and valuable personal insights so the reviewer is learning about who you are and how you might engage the community they're curating. You come alive off the page as a person, not just another file.
  2. Business as usual. You're another great applicant in a pile of great applicants. They share a basic review of the facts, your profile, stats, strengths, weaknesses, etc. Maybe someone on the committee finds something they love, and they really push for admission. More likely, not and you get deferred/waitlisted even though there wasn't anything "wrong" with your application. They just didn't love you enough to commit.
  3. "Here's a stack of 20 applications that I didn't find all that compelling, so we won't present them individually, but you guys are the committee and you make the decisions. So let me know if there are any you want to talk about." In this case, unless there's a letter of endorsement from an athletics coach or your last name matches several buildings on campus, you're probably not getting additional consideration, much less admission. They will regret to inform you.
Everything we're doing is designed to help them get to know themselves, present the best they have to offer, and land in that first group. Having top tier essays is the single best way to get there. Get started on brainstorming in the next few weeks so you'll have time to get a few essays completed over the summer.
submitted by ScholarGrade to ApplyingToCollege [link] [comments]


2024.05.14 05:08 lildaemon [D] Full causal self-attention layer in O(NlogN) computation steps and O(logN) time rather than O(N^2) computation steps and O(1) time, with a big caveat, but hope for the future.

*Update*: Actually O(N) computation steps(not O(Nlog N)) and O(log N) time.
I think I figured out how to do self-attention in transformer models in O(NlogN) computation steps rather than O(N^2), with a caveat. I'm not trying to be an academic, so I don't care to publish this formally, but I thought that some people might be interested. My construction is not efficient or practical, but the fact that it can be done at all might motivate further work to find efficient alternatives.
tl;dr Use the parallel scan[1] technique to compute taylor series basis functions needed to compute the causal self-attention layer and sum these together weighted by the values vector and 1 to get the numerator and denominator of the softmax activation of the full causal self-attention layer. The basis functions that you have to compute are both the basis functions for the numerator of the self-attention layer, $\sum_{i=0}^{j-1} k(i)_a^n q(j)_b^m v(i)$ and the normalization $\sum_{i=0}^{j-1} k(i)_a^n q(j)_b^m$. k(i)_a^n is component-a of the ith key vector raised to the power of n multiplied by q(j)_b^m which is component-b of the jth query vector raised to the power of m, which is multiplied by the value vector at position i in the first equation and by 1 in the second, and all summed together. Once you can do this, you've computed a basis function for a Taylor series. Multiply each basis function by a coefficient and sum them together to create an arbitrary function of k(i) and q(j). Using this technique, we can compute the Taylor series approximation for the numerator and the denominator of the softmax activation each taking logN * {number of coefficients} parallel steps, or O(N) sequential steps by treating the accumulation as a type of RNN.

Background

I was inspired to think about this because I was implementing MAMBA[2] and trying to understand what kind of non-linearities can be created using the parallel scan technique. The parallel scan technique is a way of parallelizing recursive formulas. If you don't know what parallel scan is, let me demonstrate with an example. The simplest example of the parallel scan technique is computing all partial sums of a sequence of numbers in log(N) time. Imagine you have a sequence [a_1, a_2, a_3, a_4, ...]. You can compute all partial sums by first adding a_i to a_{i -1}, where a_{-1} is zero, and generally a_{-n} is defined to be zero. Then take the result, call it r = [a_1, a_1+a_2, a_2 + a_3, ...], and compute r_i + r_{i-2}, which gives [a_1, a_1+a_2, a_1+a_2+a_3, ...]. The first 4 partial sums are already complete. The next step would be r_i + r_{i-2**2}, and the next step, just increase the power of 2 until i-2**power is negative for every i in the sequence. It basically sums groups, and then sums those groups together, and so on and so forth until the partial sum at each position is calculated. The scan technique is a way to parallelize an RNN. Essentially, you remove some nonlinearities in the RNN so that recurrence equation becomes associative. Once it is associative, you can compute the hidden state at each position of the sequence in log N parallel steps, where each parallel step has O(N) parallel computations.

The Meat of It

In the background section, I explained how to compute a partial sum in O(log(N)) time and O(NlogN) computation steps (or O(N) time and O(N) computation steps by using RNNs) using the parallel scan technique. I'll use this now to construct the Taylor series for causal self-attention layer used in transformer models.
Let's assume we have a tensor x of shape (sequence_length, embedding_dim), and we can compute the query, key and value tensors from x using q=Qx, k=Kx and v=Vx, where Q, K and V are matrices. Compute y = (k[:,i]**n)*v. Now use the parallel scan technique to accumulate the partial sums of every vector in y, which will give ParallelPartialSum(y)=[y[0,:], y[0,:]+y[1,:], ...]. Now multiply the result by q[:,j]**m, and now we have a basis function for a Taylor series expansion. The full formula is q[:,j]**m * ParallelPartialSum((k[:,i]**n)*v). Next, we can add up these functions for different powers of n and m using coefficients to approximate any function. The final equation is \sum_{n, m} A_{n, m} q[:,j]**m * ParallelPartialSum((k[:,i]**n)*v).
What is left is to find the Taylor series coefficients A_{n, m} and to calculate the normalization for the softmax. I'm not actually going to give an equation for A_{n, m}, but I will show that it can be done. First, I'm just going to write $q \cdot k$ in place of $q[:,j,:] \cdot k[:,i,:]$ to make it easier to write and read. We want the Taylor series of $exp(q \cdot k) = 1 + (q \cdot k) + (q \cdot k)**2 / 2! + ... + (q \cdot k)**n / n! + ...$. To find the Taylor series coefficient for every component of q and component of k and every power of each, you'd have to expand out (q \cdot k)**n /n! for every n. It can be done but I'm not going to do it. Just assume that A_{n, m} is equal to these coefficients, and voila, we have the numerator of the softmax equation for self-attention. We still need the denominator. To compute the denominator of the softmax over attention scores, you compute the same sum replacing the value tensor with the number 1. $\sum_{n, m} A_{n, m} x[:,j]**m * ParallelPartialSum((x[:,i]**n))$, where again the value vector at the end of the equation is removed. The final equation for the causal self-attention layer is:
$$ (\sum_{n, m} A_{n, m} q[:,j]**m * ParallelPartialSum((k[:,i]**n)*v)) / (\sum_{n, m} A_{n, m} q[:,j]**m * ParallelPartialSum((k[:,i]**n))) $$
Where again, A_{n, m} are the Taylor series coefficients for exp( q \cdot k).

Take-Aways

One big take away from this work, is that since causal self-attention can be calculated using the parallel scan technique, and since a parallel scan can be computed with an RNN, it follows that full causal self-attention can be computed with RNNs. The caveat is that you need many RNNs, one for each Taylor series basis function, so to get a good enough approximation of the softmax activation, you'd probably need a lot of coefficients, more than would be practical. On the other hand, what if there is a related activation that does the job of the softmax, but can be constructed with far fewer parallel scans? Then full causal self-attention could be done using only a few RNNs. Also, there are other basis functions that can be computed with one parallel scan, for instance, basis functions for a Fourier series can be computed with one parallel scan.
Non-linear activations are necessary for neural networks to work well. Linear RNNs can be parallelized using parallel scans, and since it is a linear function, one might think that this technique is not as powerful as other neural network layers. One shouldn't make the mistake to think that only linear RNN can be parallelized with linear scans. Non-linear RNNs can also be parallelized so long as the recursive update rule is associative. One might think that this restriction somehow makes the model weaker, I did, at first. But if associative recursion formulas are enough to create transformers(albeit inefficiently), then it stands to reason that they can do anything a transformer can, which is a lot. The only question is whether it's possible to come up with an efficient activation. Maybe MAMBA already did, maybe there is something better.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefix_sum
[2] https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.00752

Update

Actually there is a better algorithm for the parallel scan given in the wiki link above[1]. That means that causal self-attention can be calculated with O(log N) time and O(N) steps instead of O(NlogN) steps.
submitted by lildaemon to MachineLearning [link] [comments]


2024.05.14 02:31 Street-Razzmatazz978 Dev Release 29

May 14, 2024 Dev Release 29 Greeting BlockDAG Community,
Hope you'll had a blasting weekend Building on our BlockDAG Mining Discussion: Following up on our conversation about mining algorithms last week, let's delve deeper into the RandomX protocol. It emerged as a promising candidate during our discussions, and we believe it warrants a closer technical examination to understand its suitability for our BlockDAG project.
Key Points:
We'll be resuming our exploration of BlockDAG mining implementation. As a reminder, Mondays are typically filled with planning meetings. Building on our initial discussion about mining algorithms, let's focus on RandomX.
We'll explore the technical aspects of RandomX to assess its viability. What is RandomX protocol and let's understand the importance for us RandomX has become a cornerstone for many blockchain projects prioritizing decentralization and fair mining practices. This Proof-of-Work (PoW) algorithm stands out for its focus on CPU utilization, making it resistant to specialized hardware like ASICs.
There are various reasons why we're considering it as an optimized algorithm for us:
Performance Optimization:
While RandomX is CPU-centric, knowledge of its workings can help optimize mining software for better performance on specific CPU architectures. CPU mining allows regular users to participate in the mining process, fostering a more inclusive network.
Security Audits:
Familiarity with RandomX's design principles can aid in security audits, allowing you to identify potential vulnerabilities in your own PoW implementation. The algorithm leverages established cryptographic tools like AES, Blake2, and Argon2 to ensure overall security.
As we claim for performance and security this protocol has been our very first choice for the algorithm.
RandomX in BlockDAG:
A Technical Deep Dive RandomX achieves its CPU-friendliness and ASIC resistance through a combination of techniques:
Random Code Execution: Pseudo Code: function GenerateRandomInstruction():
// Generate random instruction from SRVVM instruction set
// (integefloating-point arithmetic, conditional branches, memory access)
return instruction
function GenerateProgram():
program = [] for i in range(program_size):
 program.append(GenerateRandomInstruction()) 
return program
The algorithm dynamically generates instructions (code) at runtime using the SRVVM instruction set. This thwarts ASICs, which are designed to excel at executing pre-defined sets of instructions efficiently.
Now let's get into the implementation of RandomX protocol in BlockDAG:
As our blockchain is DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) based, the mining process and consensus mechanism may differ from a traditional blockchain with a linear structure. In a BlockDAG blockchain, transactions will be represented as vertices in a graph, and blocks are not necessarily organized in a linear sequence.
RandomX algorithm Here's how the RandomX algorithm could be adapted for BlockDAG:
Transaction Inclusion: Miners select transactions from the DAG to include in the block they are mining. These transactions will be chosen based on factors like transaction fees and priority.
RandomX Initialization:
The RandomX algorithm initializes a dataset based on the state of the DAG. However, since the DAG structure may change dynamically with new transactions, the dataset initialization process needs to account for this by incorporating the latest DAG state.
Cache Initialization:
Miners create a cache from the RandomX dataset, as before, but they may need to adjust the cache creation process to accommodate the DAG structure. Each mining thread creates its own cache, potentially incorporating different parts of the dataset based on the DAG state.
Mining Process:
Miners execute the RandomX hashing function on the cache and the block data, as before. The resulting hash is compared against the target difficulty, and if it meets the criteria, the miner successfully mines a block.
  1. Verification: Other nodes in the network verify the mined block by independently executing the RandomX hashing function and validating the transactions included in the block. Since the blockchain is DAG-based, nodes may need to traverse the DAG to verify the transactions' validity.
Here's a high-level pseudocode representation of the mining process:
function RandomX(cache, input):
// Perform a series of mathematical operations on the cache and input
// to generate a hash result
result = ComputeHash(cache, input)
return result
function MineBlock():
// Initialize RandomX dataset based on the current state of the DAG
dataset = InitializeDataset()
// Create cache for each mining thread
for thread in mining_threads:
 cache[thread] = CreateCache(dataset) 
// Mining loop
while true:
 for thread in mining_threads: // Select transactions to include in the block from the DAG selected_transactions = SelectTransactionsFromDAG() // Execute RandomX hashing function on cache and block data hash_result = RandomX(cache[thread], selected_transactions) // Check if hash result meets difficulty criteria if hash_result < target_difficulty: // Block successfully mined return hash_result 
This pseudocode outlines the basic steps involved in mining a block on BlockDAG using the RandomX algorithm.
Detailed pseudo code Here is the detailed pseudo code our implementation:
function GenerateRandomInstruction():
// Generates a random instruction from the SRVVM instruction set
// (includes integefloating-point arithmetic, conditional branches, memory access)
return instruction
function GenerateProgram():
program = []
for i in range(program_size): program.append(GenerateRandomInstruction())
return program
function InitializeRandomXDataset(dag):
// Initialize RandomX dataset based on the current state of the DAG
dataset = [] for vertex in dag.vertices: dataset.append(Hash(vertex.data))
// Hashing each vertex's data for dataset initialization
return dataset
function CreateCache(dataset):
// Create cache for RandomX computation
cache = []
for i in range(cache_size):
 cache.append(dataset[RandomIndexInRange(0, len(dataset))]) // Randomly select dataset entries for cache return cache 
function RandomX(cache, input):
// Perform RandomX hashing function on cache and input
result = ComputeHash(cache, input)
return result
function MineBlock(dag, mining_threads):
// Initialize RandomX dataset based on the current state of the DAG
dataset = InitializeRandomXDataset(dag)
// Create cache for each mining thread
for thread in mining_threads:
 cache[thread] = CreateCache(dataset) 
// Mining loop
while true:
 for thread in mining_threads: // Select transactions to include in the block from the DAG selected_transactions = SelectTransactionsFromDAG(dag) // Execute RandomX hashing function on cache and block data hash_result = RandomX(cache[thread], selected_transactions) // Check if hash result meets difficulty criteria if hash_result < target_difficulty: // Block successfully mined return hash_result 
Stay tuned! As we move forward towards the core of the technical implementation these algorithms will become more and more meaningful. Stay tuned for further updates!
submitted by Street-Razzmatazz978 to BDAGminer [link] [comments]


2024.05.14 02:01 DreadJonasOfAvondale Binged the series over several days

Overall, really enjoyed the series. Normally I'd give it more than 3.9 stars. Part Dexter, part Breaking Bad, part Fatal Attraction, part Alias, part Paper Moon (Villanelle and Eirina scenes.) Gotta say, finale was a head-scratcher. Not on the level of the end of The Sopranos, but not too far from it, either. Last season didn't follow a linear progression, and really affected my overall rating of the series. Carolyn was always gonna be Arvin Sloan, Don Barzini, Darth Sidious, Voldemort. Everybody was morally dark shades of the darkest gray which is a huge narrative plus. Villanelle and Eve were drawn really well.
What I liked:
What could have been much better.
I'd easily recommend S1 thru S3. S4? Sort of like The Godfather Part III. Good, but lacking.

submitted by DreadJonasOfAvondale to KillingEve [link] [comments]


2024.05.13 23:52 IronMan1238 A Massive Custom Franchise (this is fun to me, lol)

A Massive Custom Franchise (this is fun to me, lol)
The main goal or purpose of this was I just wanted to add in some of the best Baseball players I've grown up with and I wanted to create my own ratings/abilities based on performance/analytics(numbers) over a certain period of time to see how different eras of players stack up and so I started my journey...
HUGE disclaimer - I did this for fun probably spent over 200+ hours offline researching, spreadsheeting, Googling and 100 hour-ish adding/tinkering in game. I didn't think I would ever enjoy something like this as much as I did, but man did I get some immense enjoyment and dopamine spikes partaking, ha. That being said AGAIN this is all just for fun and I tried to rely just on the numbers I've captured and biases aside; SO if you think someone is better than x or if you think this is wrong good for you. I'm just trying to share my experience because none of my friends wanna play with me, haha.
I started by grabbing all my favorite nostalgic players ie Barry Bonds, Strawberry, Thome, Griffey Jr, ARod, Derek Jeter, Greg Maddox, Chipper Jones, Sammy Sosa, Mark McGwire, John Smoltz, etc. After this I just started going through MVPs and All Stars over the last 50 years just to see who was this shit and who wasn't (tried to stay away from 1 hit wonders). I wanted to keep it somewhat narrow, but tried to grab like the best 15 players from each position give or take.
https://preview.redd.it/0ecynownja0d1.png?width=2560&format=png&auto=webp&s=a5f3e13e432c5464f61fc52e6f0d4c5c9eb7602f
I started by grabbing about 5-10 or all years of a players main stats categories from FanGraphs:
  • Batter things like = HR, R, RBI, SB, BABIP, AVG, OBP, SLG, wRC+, ISO, wOBA, WAR
  • Pitcher things like = W, L, ERA, SV, K/9, BB/9, FIP
  • Fielding things like = DRS, UZR, Def, ARM(C and OF)
After this I had to figure out how to compare players of different eras that didn't have some of these stats categories above. Some stats categories worked great while others meh, but I'm not trying to waste a ton of time(only like weeks of doing this, ha).
Batter - Actual Stats
So after entering these years(rows) of data for each player into a Excel Spreadsheet I setup many formulas to give me an idea of what was high, avg and low for each stat category I wanted to capture. Example - I took a few of the best years Barry Bonds and Babe Ruth had and figured out what their ISO, wOBA, wRAA, wRC+, Off, BABIP, AVG, BsR, SBs(for speed) was.
(I did the same concept for Pitchers trying to assign different stat categories to ability points ie K/9/FIP = Velocity, BABIP/FIP = Junk, B/9, FIP = Accuracy... Pitchers were much harder to find good stat categories for comparison so take it as it is.)
(Fielding was also difficult, but I found a few stat categories like DRS, UZR, Def, Arm(for both OF and C) that were good at comparing each other and by positions. Then with a little more research on who was winning Glove Gloves, who was throwing people out from the OF, who had cannons, C throwing out baserunners, etc. I was able to get a good idea on how to match my stat categories/ability points to this. I also did the same for Batters/Pitchers, but I will get more into that when I talk about traits below.)
Obviously these stat categories for Barry Bonds and Babe Ruth were all incredibly high for their best years so I had to figure you how to compare others to this, so that is where I got an avg stat category number for each for all players + every year they played.
I created a sliding scale that started with that avg stat category number of that specific stat category equaling 50 ability points. Then I would assign a specific value that would increase/decrease it incrementally to give it a 0-99 ability point value ie ISO for both these players were so high it didn't make sense for those to be max on the sliding scale so sometimes players were wayyy above the max value so it is what it is. I wanted to grab more categories that I could apply to each of the main abilities points ie Power, Contact, Speed, etc. to average this out.
ISO Table
I ended up making 5 different stat categories for Power, 3 for Contact and 2 for Speed. I would say this isn't perfect, but it was fun. Pitching was 2 for each Velocity, Junk, Accuracy. Fielding was 3 and for Arm it was combination of things depending on your position ie IF, OF and C.
After this I created a Pivot Table with a few more formulas to grab all the Seasons that would be qualified ie Batters had a PA minimum and Pitchers had an IP minimum.
Batters - Pivot Table
And then after this I had my main tabs for Batters/Pitchers that were just a simple ArrayFormula to go grab the best 5 Seasons/years for each ability point category(you can refer back to the Batters/Pitchers - Main Tab Screenshots to see that). I experimented with many different numbers for Seasons/years that would be included, but felt like 5 was the most fair or if at least anything created a little space in-between players.
So my last step was going through all these Batters/Pitchers and doing a few double checking of data points ie researching/Googling best OF/C/IF arms in Baseball, best Pitchers, best CF, LF, etc., best fielders in those positions, clutch players, most RBIs, SBs, HRs in a single season to see if my numbers made sense with what people were saying. After some small adjustments to make those make sense I had my ability points.
So I took this step above also to figure out who was going to get what trait wise. I looked for Clutch, RBI Hero, Stealer, Elite 4F, Specialist or any trait that I felt like matched what that player was known for. This is probably the most subjective part and sometimes I just gave them something if they were a top player in that ability point category ie 90+ Power, 90+ Speed etc. I wasn't stingy with these traits either I pretty much gave everyone 2 albeit the strong traits to the better players.
If they weren't an already created Legend I made sure to try to create their look based on a quick Google search of there most ridiculous features ie hair, beefy/ripped, ridiculous batting/pitching stance. I also prefer the announcer says a name rather than just putting in their name via text ie Wade Boggs is Wade Biggs; Derek Jeter is Derek Jeterson.
Examples of Players
I guess last thing would be I created a 32 Team League with some of the already created teams from SML and Legends League and then created a few others I just liked Mascot wise. I picked a funny State and actually divided up Teams based on Regions and tried to match a good Stadium for each.
Created/Generated Teams:
  • Michigan Dive Bombers
  • North Dakota Spiderbears
  • Maine Torpedoes
  • Kansas Dirt Dogs
  • Utah Divine
  • Hawaii Bottlenoses
I think in total of the 800 Players needed for a Franchise:
  • 484 are from the original SML
  • 220 created or updated Legends - 6 Teams of Batters, 4 Teams of Pitchers
  • The rest are either created FAs or 1 offs from Legends Teams
Teams - In Game
Team Names + Stadiums + Misc
I've set it up also so I can add in Players pretty easily(added Acuna Jr and updated Judge, Ohtani 2023 Season/year) just put in the years you want calculated on the stats tab and add them to the main tab and the formulas do the rest!
Hope at least 1 person enjoys! haha. Since I've finally finished I've been running shuffle draft modes constantly so much fun!
submitted by IronMan1238 to SuperMegaBaseball [link] [comments]


2024.05.13 23:28 AlfrescoDog The Great Wall and Wall Street: Become a Better Trader by Understanding the Perils of 🇨🇳 Chinese Companies on 🇺🇸 U.S. Exchanges

The Great Wall and Wall Street: Become a Better Trader by Understanding the Perils of 🇨🇳 Chinese Companies on 🇺🇸 U.S. Exchanges
⚠️ Attention all traders and holders of Chinese stocks: You should read this if you don’t know what a VIE is. Sure, most of you will be repelled by the great wall of text here (so many words!), but you might want to keep this post nearby.
Hello. You are aware that Wall Street’s bustling bazaar hosts a veritable Forbidden City of Chinese companies draped in ticker tape rather than silk. Today, I will provide background and data on all allowed Chinese companies listed on three of the largest U.S. stock exchanges: New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), Nasdaq, and NYSE American.
I should note that a bustling troupe of 26 national securities exchanges are registered with the SEC in the United States. Most are owned by the Nasdaq, NYSE, or the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE).
Nonetheless, based on data from the World Federation of Exchanges as of August 2023, the NYSE and Nasdaq were the top two exchanges behemoths of the global financial stage, accounting for 42.4% of the total $110.2 trillion in valuation traded across 80 major global exchanges.
🖼️ I had a photo of Wall Street to add here, but I'm only allowed to include one attachment.
2022 vs. 2023
According to the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, as of January 8, 2024, there were 265 Chinese companies listed on the three U.S. exchanges, with a total market capitalization of $848 billion. That valuation is down from a year prior—January 9, 2023—when a slightly lower 252 Chinese companies were tracked, but they represented a total market capitalization of $1.03 trillion.
Since January 2023, 24 Chinese companies have entered the spotlight of the three U.S. exchanges, raising $656 million in combined initial public offerings (IPOs). On the other hand, eleven Chinese companies have folded their tents and delisted.
China Securities Regulatory Commission
The American stock exchanges witnessed a springtime bloom of Chinese IPOs in the first quarter of 2023. However, this listing activity came to an abrupt halt as the clock struck March 31, 2023.
Why? The China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) implemented a revised approval process for companies going public overseas.
I won’t get into the details, but China has rules to cap foreign investment and ownership in sectors deemed strategic, such as technology. In the past, those regulations have driven several Chinese firms to the legal gymnastics of a Variable Interest Entity (VIE) structure—a clever contrivance that allowed them to leapfrog domestic constraints.
However, under the revised review mechanism, every company, regardless of its corporate ownership structure, must now bow before the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) to register its intent to list overseas.
🖼️ I had a photo of the CSRC building to add here, but I'm only allowed to include one attachment.
The gatekeeper
Therefore, although the CSRC touted this regulation as a necessary measure for enforcing regulatory compliance and preventing fraud (which is true), it also helps regulators act as gatekeepers poised to block any proposed listing they deem poses a risk to their national security or jeopardizes China's national interests.
This process is wide-ranging. For instance, it includes an evaluation of the company’s safeguards against disclosing what the Chinese Communist Party considers potential state secrets. But we’re not talking about top-secret black-ops projects meant to be hidden from international oversight committees. No… any company that collects personal information on more than one million users requires stern data security review mechanisms for its cross-border data flows.
For perspective, TikTok has over 150 million users in the U.S. alone and is not subject to the same scrutiny from the Western nations.
Currently, the CSRC approval process is reportedly taking upward of six months.
Audit inspections and investigations in China
You’re probably unaware of the HFCAA, so let’s start there.
The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act of 2020 (HFCAA) is a law that requires companies publicly listed on stock exchanges in the U.S. to disclose to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) information on foreign jurisdictions that prevent the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) from conducting inspections.
That law laid down a stern ultimatum: If Chinese authorities kept obstructing the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) from inspecting audit firms in China or Hong Kong for three consecutive years, the companies audited by these entities would face a ban from the bustling arenas of the U.S. exchanges.
Basically, either China allowed the PCAOB to inspect the audit firms, or the companies had to change to another auditing firm within three years.
Then, as 2022 waned to its final days (literally, on December 29), President Joe Biden signed a Consolidated Appropriations Act, which contained a provision that will tighten the noose, shortening future timelines from three consecutive years to only two.
Once they looked under the rock
Finally allowed to conduct full investigations of audit firms in mainland China and Hong Kong after over a decade of obstruction, the PCAOB announced the findings of its first round of inspections in May 2023, identifying deficiencies in seven of eight audits conducted by the auditing firms KPMG Huazhen and PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) Hong Kong. Audits of Chinese Companies Are Highly Deficient, U.S. Regulator Says
On November 30, 2023, the PCAOB announced fines against three audit firms in China, totaling $7.9 million for misconduct. For perspective, that number included the second and third-largest fines ever doled out by the PCAOB.
Why were the fines so bad?
Those sneaky Chinese accountants
Imagine a gaggle of accountants in the far reaches of PwC China and Hong Kong applying for a U.S. auditing curriculum. But alas, these foreign accountants find the U.S. auditing training tests a trifle tedious, so someone came up with the answers and decided to pass them around like a secret note in a schoolroom.
From 2018 to 2020, over 1,000 of these busy bees completed their U.S. auditing online exams by copying the answers from two unauthorized apps with a fervor that would make a gossip columnist blush.
When confronted with the evidence, PwC China and PwC Hong Kong response: 🤷‍♂️
And let me remind you, this happened late last year. Both firms are expected to provide reasonable assurance that their personnel will act with integrity in connection with internal training and to report their compliance to the PCAOB within 150 days—April 2024.
🖼️ I was planning on using an AI-generated image of Chinese accountants cheating, but I'm only allowed to include one attachment.
State-owned enterprises
According to the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, this graph represents the total market capitalization of Chinese companies listed in the three U.S. exchanges.
Market Capitalization of Listed Chinese Companies
The number of listed companies has stayed at around 260. However, all Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have delisted themselves from U.S. exchanges, most of them soon after the PCAOB announced it had secured complete access to Chinese auditors’ records.
Variable Interest Entities (VIEs)
Most traders—and that means you—are unaware that 166 Chinese companies currently listed on the three major U.S. exchanges use a VIE structure.
As of January 8, 2024, these companies have a market capitalization of $772 billion. For perspective, that represents 91% of the total market capitalization of all the Chinese firms listed on the three major U.S. exchanges.
What the hell is a VIE?
It is a complex corporate structure that grants shareholders contractual claims to control via an offshore shell company without transferring actual ownership in the company.
A Variable Interest Entity (VIE) is a bit like a riverboat casino’s cleverest trick, allowing a company to sell its chips on a foreign table without ever letting the players hold the cards directly.
A VIE is a structure used primarily by companies that wish to partake in the financial streams of another country (the U.S. exchanges) without breaking local laws (Chinese laws) that prevent full ownership.
Remember, Chinese companies structured themselves as VIEs to circumvent China’s restrictions—not U.S. restrictions—on foreign ownership in industries the CCP deems sensitive.
Therefore, when you hold stock in one of these Chinese companies, you’re not officially holding any actual ownership in the company. Because if you did, then that company could be breaking Chinese restrictive caps on foreign investment and ownership.
That’s why they set up a façade, or a legal entity, that controls the business on paper, but the true power and profits are funneled back to the company pulling the strings.
Granted, it’s not as shaky as asking a random stranger to hold your shares, but it is crafty, and you should be aware of the risks.
Wait. What are the risks?
You need to understand that there’s a shadow of potential risk looming. Potential. Now, don't mistake me for the town crier of doom; I'm not proclaiming that the sky is falling on these shares. Nor am I declaring that disaster is certain for Chinese stocks.
What I am pointing out, however, is the presence of a risk—a subtle beast that might just catch you off guard if you remain unaware.
And let’s face it: Most of you are completely oblivious to these issues.
There are two sides here: 🇺🇸 & 🇨🇳
🇺🇸
Since July 2021, the SEC has imposed additional disclosure requirements for Chinese companies using a VIE to sell shares in the U.S. These requirements include greater transparency about the relationship between the VIE and its Chinese operating companies.
In summary, the SEC aims to push VIEs toward the company behind them to offer more clarity on U.S. investor ownership in the Chinese operating company.
🇨🇳
On the other side, Chinese companies that list overseas using a VIE were not required to register their listings with the CSRC, as the VIE is not considered a Chinese company under China’s law. This is the reason VIEs were used in the first place.
However, as I mentioned earlier, after March 31, 2023, the CSRC established requirements for all new Chinese companies to register and receive permission before going public overseas—even those planning to use VIE structures. That’s why there was a boom of Chinese IPOs before that deadline.
Granted, on September 14, 2023, a Chinese auto insurance platform became the first company that received the elusive blessing of the CSRC to list, and it did so using a VIE arrangement, breaking the long, dry spell that had plagued Chinese IPOs when she listed on the Nasdaq four days later.
However, even though VIEs received some sort of recognition from the CSRC, the VIE corporate structures still hold dubious legal status under China’s laws. Remember, VIEs purpose is to avoid being considered a Chinese company under China’s laws.
So… do you see the potential risk here?
Umm… No, I don’t get it.
Think about it. Either country could potentially increase regulations for VIEs, but if the SEC forces them to be more transparent, the VIE would not be able to circumvent China’s restrictions. That’s one risk.
Also, at some point, China’s CSRC might question whether it’s appropriate to recognize a corporate structure that was created to circumvent its laws.
Which leads me to this: What’s keeping the CCP from deciding to start reigning in those VIEs?
The answer is simple: They’re not in a hurry to do so because if misfortune should befall, it’ll be the foreign investors who’ll see their assets deflated like a punctured balloon.
🖼️ I would've added a nice image or two by now, to balance all the text and make this more appealing, but I'm only allowed to include one attachment.
If a VIE-listed company goes private at a lower valuation, businesses fail, or there’s a valuation discrepancy, the enforceability of a VIE’s contractual arrangements is unproven in Chinese courts. With VIE-listed companies, foreign investors’ recourse in the Chinese legal system is as elusive as a catfish’s whisper.
Yeah, but that’s unlikely…
Sure. Of course, I’m not saying every Chinese stock will have these issues. But it can happen. And it has happened.
The unlucky case of Luckin Coffee
Due to the lack of compliance with international audit inspections, Chinese corporate financial statements’ reliability for valuation and investment is not assured.
Such is the case of Luckin Coffee. In a bold bid to capture Wall Street’s hearts and wallets, Luckin Coffee showed up dressed in finery, flaunting alluring figures of revenue, operations, and bustling customer traffic.
At her grand debut, the stock sashayed onto the Nasdaq at $17, swirling up a storm of interested buyers to the tune of $561 million in capital.
For a fleeting moment, Luckin shimmered like a star over the financial firmament, boasting a market capitalization that soared to a heady $12 billion, with shares peaking just over $50.
Ah, but as the adage goes, ‘Truth will out.’ And out it came—the revelation of those embroidered numbers caused the company's stock to plummet like a stone tossed from a bridge, leaving a wake of investor losses and culminating in a disgraceful delisting from Nasdaq 13 months after her debut. Luckin Coffee Drops Nasdaq Appeal; Shares to Be Delisted
🖼️ I would've added an AI-generated image of a cup of Luckin Coffee jumping from a bridge, but I'm only allowed to include one attachment.
Well… but that won’t happen to me…
Uh-huh. On April 2, 2020, after announcing that employees—including its chief operating officer—falsified 2.2 billion yuan (about $310 million) in sales throughout 2019, Luckin's shares nosedived -80%.
This is from one of you unluckin bastards: I've lost 240k on Luckin Coffee, all my life savings. Now I'm broke af.
I’m sure many of you might reckon yourselves immune to a similar debacle since you think you’re smart enough to use stops to escape any runaway losses. It's time to wake up and smell the Luckin coffee. Chinese news catalysts often strike like lightning at night, and the stops you set under the sun cannot shield you from storms that explode in the moonlight. Dumbass.
Chinese regulators can be mercurial
Even though the PCAOB is currently able to perform its oversight responsibilities, concerns remain around the possibility that Chinese regulators might backtrack, potentially clamping down once again on the PCAOB's ability to access audit firms and personnel across mainland China and Hong Kong.
If that happens, the PCAOB can quickly declare a negative determination. HOWEVER, this action would only start the countdown under the HFCAA, giving U.S.-listed Chinese companies a window of TWO years to secure services from an auditor in a compliant jurisdiction or face a trading ban. That’s it.
Of course, within that time, Chinese regulators could agree once again to allow access to the PCAOB, thus resetting the two-year countdown without significant consequences.
What lurks in the shadows
Although the risk of PCAOB non-compliance looms over these financial engagements, it is the ghost of potentially misconstrued—or, let's say, creatively presented—earnings reports coming to light that should scare you most. Or, on the flip side, present the biggest opportunity.
I believe it is possible that there are several ghosts out there—ghastly financial figures dressed up a tad too finely—lingering in the shadows, unchecked and unchallenged. If they’re found and unveiled under the harsh spotlight of scrutiny, the fallout would be immediate and severe, leaving investors scrambling.
And if that happens, it’s not about diamond-holding through the plunge since the company might opt (or be forced) to delist from the U.S. exchanges.
🖼️ I would've added an AI-generated image of an attractive young Chinese ghost woman, implying both the allure of Chinese stocks, but also the risk of getting closer. However, I'm only allowed to include one attachment.
You need to understand a crucial concept. Many traders believe that if a company messes up, plunges, and gets delisted, it means the company is basically over—dead. But that’s not the case here. A delisting does not equal death.
I mean, Luckin Coffee is still out there, alive and kicking.
16,218 stores and counting, covering 240+ cities across China.
You would think that a company like that would not be able to cheat on its balance sheet. Yeah, just like you would think PwC China would notice 1,000 accountants cheated their way through the U.S. auditing curriculum.
🖼️ I would've added an AI-generated image of a Chinese accountant dabbing like a boss for getting his cheated accounting diploma, but I'm only allowed to include one attachment.
So… is it too far-fetched to believe more ghosts might come to light, now that the PCAOB can supervise the numbers?
I mentioned a flip side since you could specialize in tracking everything the PCAOB does. If you can get a whiff about increased auditing on a certain company, you might decide to play a short position in anticipation of a potential ghost coming to light. Be warned, though, that it’s not as if they tweet out which companies they’re auditing.
If I were to do it, I would research and join whatever digital saloon young Chinese ledger-keepers convene in. Perhaps I’d stumble upon a post by SumYungGuy or another pleading for advice on how to parley with the PCAOB Laowai making a fuss over his figures. The poor lad's in a pickle, you see, since he cheated the exam and doesn’t know squat.
Methodology
For the purposes of this table, a company is considered Chinese if:
  1. It has been identified as being from the PRC (the People's Republic of China) by the relevant stock exchange;
  2. It lists a PRC address as its principal executive office in filings with the SEC; or
  3. It has a majority of operations in the PRC, including a company structured offshore but whose value is ultimately tied through a relationship in the PRC.
⚠️ Some Chinese companies that use offshore corporate entities hide or do not identify their primary Chinese corporate domicile in their listing information. This complicates tracing, making it difficult to guarantee that this list captures all Chinese companies registered offshore.
I should also point out that this list does not include companies domiciled exclusively in Hong Kong or Macau.
⚠️ Remember, this list only considers Chinese companies listed on three of the largest U.S. stock exchanges: New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), Nasdaq, and NYSE American.
Oh, and btw, this isn’t a list I came up with. This info was compiled by the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission. It’s their methodology and list.
Since the majority is a VIE, I’ve marked the ones that are not registered as a VIE with an asterisk (*). This is determined using the most recent annual report filed with the SEC. A company is judged to have a VIE if:
  1. It explicitly describes using a VIE to conduct all or part of its business operations in China, or
  2. It describes a subsidiary in which it has no direct equity interest but relies on contractual arrangements to exercise control and receive economic benefits from its operations in China.
⚠️ For companies that have been listed for less than a year, information contained in the company’s most recently updated investment prospectus, as filed with the SEC, is used instead.
Chinese companies listed on U.S. exchanges
Companies are arranged by the size of their current market capitalization. All companies utilize a VIE corporate structure, except those marked with an asterisk (*).
BABA Alibaba Group Holding Limited PDD Pinduoduo Inc. NTES NetEase, Inc. JD JD.com, Inc. BIDU Baidu, Inc TCOM Trip.com International, Ltd. TME Tencent Music Entertainment Group LI Li Auto BEKE KE Holdings BGNE BeiGene * ZTO ZTO Express (Cayman) Inc. YUMC Yum China Holdings Inc. EDU New Oriental Education & Technology Group, Inc. HTHT H World Group Limited * NIO NIO Inc. YMM Full Truck Alliance Co. Ltd VIPS Vipshop Holdings Limited TAL TAL Education Group LEGN Legend Biotech * MNSO Miniso * BZ Kanzhun Limited XPEV Xpeng BILI Bilibili Inc. IQ iQIYI, Inc. HCM HUTCHMED (China) Limited * ATHM Autohome Inc. QFIN Qifu Technology RLX RLX Technology LU Lufax ATAT Atour Lifestyle Holdings * WB Weibo Corporation ZLAB Zai Lab Limited * ZKH ZKH Group Ltd * YY JOYY Inc. GOTU Gaotu Techedu, Inc. MSC Studio City International Holdings Limited * GCT GigaCloud Technology Inc GDS GDS Holdings Limited ACMR ACM Research, Inc. * HOLI Hollysys Automation Technologies, Ltd. * FINV FinVolution Group JKS JinkoSolar Holding Co., Ltd. * DQ Daqo New Energy Corp. * MOMO Hello Group Inc. CSIQ Canadian Solar Inc. * EH Ehang TUYA Tuya Inc. NOAH Noah Holdings Ltd. HUYA HUYA Inc. KC Kingsoft Cloud YALA Yalla *
These are only 51 of the 261 Chinese companies currently listed on the major U.S. exchanges to comply with rule three. I kept the market cap minimum at $750M to allow for some wiggle room.
I mentioned earlier that the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission had 265 tickers, but that was on January 8, 2024. Since then, three companies have been acquired, and the other one has voluntarily delisted.
As you can confirm, the vast majority is structured as a VIE.
I was going to include charts to illustrate how several Chinese stocks—aside from the ones with the biggest market caps—tend to display sudden rallies, followed by after-hours reversals. It is important to recognize them, whether you want to capitalize on them, or avoid them entirely. But I can't add any more attachments, so...
Besides, it's unlikely that many of you have even read this far without images.
Have a good day.
submitted by AlfrescoDog to wallstreetbets [link] [comments]


2024.05.13 23:24 Grouchy_Carpenter489 Oracle Fusion Cloud ERP: It is time to forget about standard Excel sheets and take an enhanced data upload tool

Oracle Fusion Cloud ERP: It is time to forget about standard Excel sheets and take an enhanced data upload tool
A Time to Forget About Ordinary Excel Sheets and Take an Enhanced Data Upload Tool
Thousands of users worldwide of Oracle Fusion ERP use ADFdi and FBDI for data loading or data management generally. Excel has some great features that help to streamline data analysis. There is no argument that Excel is a highly functional tool for organizational data management.
Ordinary Microsoft Excel spreadsheets have many limitations regarding data loading to Oracle Fusion Cloud. Excel is great for simple ad hoc calculations, but it needs connectivity features to automate and document its contents, making its use prone to error.
Manually keying in data in Oracle Cloud from Excel worksheets or copy-pasting is a slow, time-consuming process that is bound to reduce employee productivity. Accuracy is also compromised, and inaccurate data can cost an organization millions in revenue. Excel needs more automation, so if you handle large volumes of data, there may be a better tool for you. Furthermore, data security is not assured since Excel does not have encryption features.
The standard Oracle tools (ADFdi and FBDI) are rigid in nature; the user cannot move columns around or even easily paste data from another sheet to ADFdi or FBDI. The error reporting and resolution cycle is too cumbersome and needs specialized technical knowledge.
Why do people still use Excel sheets for data management?
It’s cheaper
For a team that doesn't care about automation, why bother spending on something more costly if they can get away with something that stores data tables? Considering its limitations, is it worth it in the long-run cost?
Easy-to-use
Excel is easy to use. It is one of the basic Microsoft Office tools that most people learn to use in basic computer interactions. Because they are already familiar with it, most people find Excel easy to use and often prefer to do so than learn new about new tools.
Limited knowledge of what’s available
Some people are just stuck in their routines. They need help staying current on the newest software available on the market. If the leadership of a team or members does not take the initiative to look around and find out what the market has to offer, they will be stuck with Excel and its attendant costs when others are enjoying the benefits of more advanced tools.
Poor experience with some project management software
Choosing a data loading tool to suit your data loading needs is a task that should be taken seriously. Many data-loading teams that used Excel have been turned off by their previous experience with data-loading tools. Some tools are cumbersome and difficult to use, others are code intensive and not suitable for most end users, and some may need more features you are looking for. The poor experience is a result of poor customization.
Suppose you had a tool that allowed you to use the easy-to-use and familiar Excel worksheet while providing you with advanced specialized features for loading data into the cloud. Wouldn’t that be great?
How to make Excel work with advanced tools
Working with Excel in data loading does not have to be a slow and cumbersome process that does not ensure the accuracy or security of your data. You can harness the power of Excel and still enjoy using advanced data-loading tools. More4Apps and Simplified Loader are Excel-based data-loading to consider.
More4Apps
More4Apps is an Excel-based data-loading tool that allows businesses to integrate familiar Excel spreadsheets with Oracle EBS and Oracle Fusion. Its tools work within the familiar interface of Microsoft Excel, leveraging the many features of Excel to facilitate data loading.
Training is optional since Excel is the main interface, and end-users are familiar with it. Unlike ordinary Excel spreadsheets, which are limited in scalability, More4Apps empowers data owners to carry out mass data uploads and updates.
A plugin must be installed on a PC before you can use More4Apps. The IT Helpdesk needs to be involved in installing the plugin, so only specific PCs can be used.
More4Apps sends and receives data from the server hosted by More4Apps. Considering data security, allowing data transfers to a third-party server without ensuring the details are transferred is risky. Robust testing is required with every release of More4Apps update to ensure your data is transferred to a safe place. The IT Security department needs to get involved in verifying the third-party server and plugin.
Simplified Loader
~Simplified Loader~ is an Excel-based tool designed explicitly for uploading or downloading data to and from Oracle Fusion Cloud. The Simplified Loader template is easy to use. It includes a toolbar that contains operations specific to the template. The output of any operation is displayed in the Excel template's Load Status and Error Message fields.
Simplified Loader Excel files upload or download data from Oracle Fusion Cloud. Simplified Loader’s Excel templates are used either for mass data loads, for example, data migration, or everyday data loading activities in Oracle Cloud.
Simplified Loader ensures your data’s security by routing data from the Excel template directly to Oracle Cloud without a third-party server. The Simplified Loader template doesn’t need plugin installation and runs using Macros, similar to how other Oracle Cloud tools interact with Oracle.
Which template should you choose?
User convenience - Both More4Apps and Simplified Loader provide features that enhance user experience. Most UX features are similar in both products. Since they use Microsoft Excel, additional training is rarely necessary. More4Apps provides a form to input data that is not in the tabular format. Whereas the Simplified Loader provides a single unified sheet to enter data, the same sheet is used to invoke the list of values.
Both tools allow you to insert custom columns, hide or delete columns you don't need, and insert formulas you may need for data analysis. You can also analyze or validate data before uploading it.
Data Security - Oracle Fusion only allows interaction through APIs. Both More4Apps and Simplified Loader use APIs to interact with Oracle, so the security protocols are the same in both toolsets. More4Apps uses an external system to manage licenses. From the IT point of view, in a highly data-sensitive environment, the IT has to open additional ports to interact with the More4Apps servers to validate licenses.
In terms of data security, both toolsets have the same features.
License Management - This topic is considerably different in More4Apps and Simplified Loader. More4Apps restricts the number of times an administrator can update users licensed to use the Simplified Loader template, whereas, in Simplified Loader, the Administrator has full control over maintaining the users licensed to use the Simplified Loader templates.
Support—Both organizations offer excellent support to users who log defects using the support system. Simplified Loader has a vast library of short videos demonstrating product features and functionalities. More4Apps has recently adopted the approach of video tutorials.
Plugin installation - This is a key difference between the two templates. The More4Apps template requires an additional plugin installed on the user's machine. The user will always see an additional toolbar in Excel when working on any Excel document. The user always has to use the PC where the plugin is installed. In comparison, the Simplified Loader Excel doesn’t need any plugin installation on the user’s machine. When the user opens the Simplified Loader file, the Simplified Loader toolbar appears. Users won’t see the additional toolbar when they open any other Excel file.
Using Excel parallelly: When using either toolset, Excel cannot be used for any other purposes. The user has to wait until the data is loaded to Oracle.
Pricing: Both toolsets offer per-user licensing. More4Apps offers licenses per user by module, whereas Simplified Loader offers licenses per user by Template. License management at the template level gives the administrator higher control to assign the right user to the right template, resulting in purchasing the right number of licenses per user. The More4Apps licenses are considerably higher (more than 5x) than the Simplified Loader licenses.
Conclusion
Using ordinary Excel spreadsheets for data loading may not be very effective. Excel may have shortcomings, but you can use it efficiently with advanced data-loading tools to get the best of both applications. Both More4Apps and Simplified Loader provide similar features for loading data in Oracle. Both are advanced data-loading tools that make your experience more pleasant and effective. Simplified Loader is more handy as it does not need plugin installation, and the user doesn’t need any involvement from IT to install the plug-in.
submitted by Grouchy_Carpenter489 to u/Grouchy_Carpenter489 [link] [comments]


2024.05.13 23:18 AgentEves Mapping Actuals to Goals

Hi Everyone, I'm probably going to have a bunch of follow-up questions, so I appreciate everyone's help in advance, but for now, I'm going to try and keep it as simple as possible. I think I should be able to work out the other steps if I can just get past the first hurdle. Teach a fellow to fish, and all that.
Unfortunately, I can't upload sample data because the data is sensitive, so I'm going to use a made up example to help explain where necessary.
The End Goal: I am creating a metrics dashboard to display how well we are progressing towards our annual goals. I have one table with the metrics listed, along with the 2024 goal for each metric (numeric values). We'll call this the Metrics table. I also have two tables combined which contains all the data used to calculate the 'Actuals'. We'll call this the Data table. There are no fields that join the 'Metrics' table with the 'Data' table. I plan to create a dual-axis bar graph which shows Actuals vs Goals.
Since there are no matching fields between the Data table and the Metrics table, I plan to create a calculated field for each of the individual metrics, using data from the Data table. I will then create a calculated field named "Actuals" which will contain a series of IF statements based on the metric name. i.e., IF [Metrics].[Metric] = "Metric 1" THEN [Data].[Metric 1] ELSEIF [Metrics].[Metrics] = "Metric 2" THEN [Data].[Metric 2], and so on and so forth.
The issue I'm having is creating the calculated fields for each metric...
An Explanation of the Dataset: Let's say my data is about the delivery of fruit and vegetables. The two tables combined to make the 'Data' table are a 'Delivery Stats' table and a 'Metadata' table. The 'Delivery Stats' table lists the fruits and vegetables delivered, the date, the quantity delivered, the quantity that are rotten, and the % that are rotten. The 'Metadata' table lists every fruit and vegetable that we have ever ordered, and then lists the features of each fruit/vegetable. e.g., if it's a fruit or a vegetable, the colour, the country of origin, etc. Note: each fruit/vegetable is only listed once in the Metadata table, as the metadata is static.
The last piece of the puzzle is that I have a 'Metric Date' which is a calculated field. It shows the last available date from the previous month, based on the data available. So within my dataset, that date is March 29. The reason I am using a calculated field is so that the date can be dynamic based on the data available.
Where I'm Stuck: My first metric is 'Number of Red Fruit/Vegetables'. So I want to do a simple count of the number of rows where the Colour is listed as 'Red', but only on the Metric Date (i.e., March 29). And this is where I'm getting stumped.
I can create a table where I have Date and Colour in the rows, and then Total Fruit in the Marks, but what I need to do is create a calculated field that shows only the count of red fruits and only on the 'Metrics Date'.
What I've Done So Far: I created a binary calculated field called "Red" which uses IF logic to assign a 1 or a 0 to each row:
IIF([Colour]="Red",1,0)
I then created the 'Number of Red Fruit/Vegetables' calculated field which uses IF logic to SUM the "Red" column when the Date = the Metric Date:
IF [Date] = [Metrics Date] THEN [Red] END
But it's throwing out a number that's way higher than it should be. (It should be 224, but I'm getting 1,120). I can't work out what it's doing to get the higher count.
I think a large part of my struggle is because I'm still stuck in the Excel mindset of using a "COUNTIFS" function to get the total. I just can't for the life of me figure out how to do the same in Tableau.
Thanks to anyone who takes the time to read all this and can offer some guidance.
TL;DR: How to I create a calculated field that spits out a single count of all the records where the data meets multiple criteria located across multiple fields?
submitted by AgentEves to tableau [link] [comments]


2024.05.13 22:42 ryanmark234 Best IBM SPSS online courses in 2024

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These courses are available on platforms such as Udemy, Coursera, Class Central, and IBM's website.
submitted by ryanmark234 to Statisticshelpers_ [link] [comments]


2024.05.13 22:34 FantasticVictory837 Official Explanation to Bluebook Test 6: Math Module 1, Question #12

Official Explanation to Bluebook Test 6: Math Module 1, Question #12 submitted by FantasticVictory837 to u/FantasticVictory837 [link] [comments]


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submitted by John_Smith_4724 to Statisticshelpers_ [link] [comments]


2024.05.13 22:18 thetwitchy1 Greentree (1/?)

Author note: Ok, so this is my second attempt at posting this story. I wrote the first attempt a couple years ago, got a few chapters in, and got discouraged and distracted by life. This time I’ve got a bit more buffer, but also have started to use this as a way to destress, so it will be much more consistent. I also have grown a bit as a writer, so the content has more punch and flow.
All that aside, criticism and feedback is ALWAYS a good thing for me. I love hearing from people, even if it’s only to say “hey, you wrote “their” when you meant “they’re”.” So let me know what you think!
It was an impressive view. Stars like diamond dust sprinkled across the dark velvet of open space... I should be getting used to this kind of view as I woke up to it every day, but Carla knew it never got old for me, so she made sure we faced open space when my wakeup notes sounded. "Up and at 'em! You slept too long, and now you need to get to work!" I buried my head deeper into the pillow. "You know how grumpy it will make you if you sleep in, and it's not good for you anyway."
"I know, I know. I'm up, I swear. Just give me a minute, ok?" I rolled out of the sleeping alcove and floated into the main cockpit. "So, have we gotten to the open sky yet? I'm assuming we're close if you've got the engines off right now."
A screen at the front of the cockpit lit up and displayed a simple map. "Yeah, we're there. I mean, the location we were shooting for was open space, so it's not like we have a 'there' to be, but we are where we wanted to be." Carla flashed a small red ship icon on the map. "As expected, there is nothing in the path of our travel for another 3 weeks on our current course. Today though, we will be able to scan an uncharted region of the belt, and maybe find something worth spending our fuel on. Of course, you already know all this, because we have had the SAME DISCUSSION EVERY DAY FOR A WEEK!" Carla spoke with such exasperation I had to laugh. "And you think it's funny! I'll have you know I could have taken up with that diplomat, her ship was ten times the size of this tin can, and she would probably have new and interesting things to talk about every day. Unlike you, she would have a life that was more than just finding rocks and slinging them at Ceres or Mars."
"Oh, come on now, it's not like I don't have ANYTHING interesting to say... I just like the calm out here. It does a soul good to be able to see out into the infinite void and relax. But if you want to get to work, we can do that. Bring up the radar and let’s get some pings out, see what's in the neighborhood."
Carla huffed, but I could tell her heart wasn't really in it. "Ok, meatbag. Pings out. Give me a few seconds to get back the data and... that's interesting."
I bounced over to the console. "What are you seeing, Carla?" I pulled myself up and strapped down so I could concentrate.
"Well, there's a strange reading from this one item. It's showing up as a solid object, but just barely. The radar ping bounced back, but it's weaker than it should be. It's almost like it's hollow or surrounded by debris. But there's nothing in the area registered as a construct, and it's far too big to be one anyway. So either something is wrong with my sensors, there's been a near miss here recently, or something weird is going on."
"And we both know that nothing is wrong with your sensors, or you would have already had me out there to fix them. So, near miss or weirdness... Let's get a spectrograph reading on it, see if it shows any hydrocarbon lines. A dead comet after a near miss would show big water and carbon lines, and a comet like that would be worth a lot to the terraformers on Mars. If it's high metal, we can probably scoop out good material from the cloud."
"But if it's neither metal or carbon rich, we don't want to go near it. A bunch of loose rocks from a near miss aren't worth a hole in our hull, or damage to my scopes." Carla finished the thought for me. "Ok, I'll start up the Spectro, see what it is. I'll also run analysis on the other 3 rocks in the area, see if anything else is worth grabbing out here. Go shower up and get some food in you, this will take a few minutes, and you kinda stink."
"Ok, well, let me know immediately if you find anything really interesting. I've got a strange feeling about that weak bounce."
After washing up in the "shower" stall, I went to the kitchen module to warm up some eggs. The ship was rotating gently, just enough to give me a slight sense of 'down' without actually making me weigh much. This meant that 'cooking' was usually limited to warming up premade meals, but I was used to that. Having grown up on Ceres, I hadn't had much home cooking as a kid, and I had been a rockhound since I turned 17 so my whole adult life had been in similar circumstances. I was packing some bacon with the eggs between defrosted toast, and after a moment of thought, I added a few leaves from the lettuce I grew in the aero-hydro tank. I had asked Carla to remind me to eat healthier, so I knew she would ask about it. As I was looking through the grocery list on kitchen storage to see if there was anything else I wanted to add, Carla popped up a hologram on the table. "Adam, you need to come to the scanners. I want you to see this, I'm not sure what to think." Carla never called me Adam unless something was up.
“€œOk, no worries." I closed the list and my sandwich and started moving toward the scanning module. "You sound spooked. Tell me what you found, and we'll figure it out."
"Well..." the hologram she had up in the kitchen faded out, and she started one up in scanning. "First, the other three rocks in the area show standard lines for stony-type rocks. They're your standard asteroids, a little light on volatiles but otherwise almost textbook standard. We could make money sending them down to Ceres, but not much. We'd more than break even, though. Keep that in mind."
The hologram image looked up at me, then shrugged. "If we find out that my sensors are broken, we can grab them and go get repairs done back home. But... well, look at the Spectro lines on our 'special' rock yourself." She pulled up an image of a screen in front of me, showing the spectrograph results. "That's not possible, right?"
I looked at the lines for a few moments, trying to absorb what I was seeing. At first, it looked like the readings were all abnormally low, except for one line. Then I checked the scaling and realized what was really going on. The lines were reading as a normal asteroid, except the Carbon and Hydrocarbon lines were all 100x higher than they should be. They dwarfed all the rest, pushing them down into the lowest part of the graph. "ulp!"
"That's what I thought! It's too much. There's no way!" Carla's hologram was bouncing up and down. "If it were a dead comet, we'd be seeing water ice in there, but we are getting more carbon and hydrocarbon than anything. It looks like the results you'd get if you scanned your aero-hydro garden, but out in space. It must be a sensor artifact, or something like that, right? There's no way those readings are real."
"If it were a sensor glitch, we should be getting weird readings from all the rocks, Carla. I'm not sure what it means, but it can't just be something wrong with your sensors. I don't think we have a choice; we need to check this out."
"Ok, I thought so too, but I wanted to talk to you about it first. I'll set a course to it, we can be there in 12 hours. In the mean time, we have 3 sensor arrays that need recalibrating, the docking ring needs to be cleaned and checked, and you still have that paper on microstructures in low gravity steel to finish for your engineering class. What do you want to start with today?"
submitted by thetwitchy1 to HFY [link] [comments]


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submitted by Lazy-Citron-643 to Statisticshelpers_ [link] [comments]


2024.05.13 22:01 jennyacosta09 Take my Statistics exam for me Reddit

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submitted by jennyacosta09 to Statisticshelpers_ [link] [comments]


2024.05.13 21:07 NerdySauce [SR6][Offline][Online][Los Angeles][PST]

Hello ShadowrunLFG, I'm looking to find replacement player for my Shadowrun game. We have been playing for a couple months and we just lost one player. We meet every Thursday online in the evenings (8:30 PM PST) and meet about every month, month and half in person in Chatsworth (4:30 PM, Sundays). I'm open to adding 2 players, but looking for one more for sure. Here's kind of my pitch/ideas of shadowrun and my gming Hello all, I’m NerdySauce. I’ve been gming for a long time in life and I’m finally trying to get my unicorn game off and into the air. I want to run a Shadowrun 6e game where we meet online regularly and meet in person at least once a month for a good, fun day of gaming. I’m looking for players new or old and that live in the Valley surrounding Los Angeles. System: Shadowrun 6th edition Platform/Format: Discord/Roll20 when online Tone: a dab of black trench coat, with a dab of pink mohawk and small helping of hope punk Safety tools: X-Card Lines & Veils, etc. Requirements: Willing to commit and be ready during gaming sessions when you can make it.
What is Shadowrun: Shadowrun is where man meets machine. In the 6th world where magic has re-awakened. Elves, dwarves, trolls, and many other fantastical things have come back into with vengeance. Lots of magic as well as plenty of hacking and slashing. Come be a shadowrunner be it for profit or to make a difference in the world. Five Truths of this Campaign
Same Page details from me to understand my GMing ideas **Do you play to win?** Good play isn’t a win/lose kind of thing **Player characters are:** expected to work together; conflicts between them are mostly for show **The GM’s role is:** The GM preps a set of events – linear or branching; players run their characters through these events. The GM gives hints to provide direction, but players may go where their goals direct them **The players’ roles are...** ...to set goals for their characters, and pursue them proactively and to follow the story as it fits. Doing the smartest thing for your character’s survival... ...sometimes isn’t as important as other choices **The GM’s role to the rules is...** ...ignore them when they conflict with what would be good for the story **After many sessions of play, during one session, a player decides to have her character side with an enemy. This is...** ...something that shouldn’t even happen. This is something to not do. Is shitty.. **A fistfight breaks out in a bar! The details of where everything is – tables, chairs, where everyone is standing is something that...** is something the GM and player can describe. **In order to really have fun with this game, the rulebook is something that...** ...everyone at least should know the genre the game pulls from **This game runs best when the players take time to create characters that are...** ...built to face challenges using the mechanics and stats. ...given strong motivations and an immediate problem or crisis ...tied into the other characters as allies ..written with some knowledge, research or reading up on the game setting, real history or an actual culture If your interested please reach out! Thanks for reading!
submitted by NerdySauce to ShadowrunLFG [link] [comments]


2024.05.13 21:03 NerdySauce [SR6][Offline][Online][Los Angeles][PST]

Hello LFG, I'm looking to find replacement player for my Shadowrun game. We have been playing for a couple months and we just lost one player. We meet every Thursday online in the evenings (8:30 PM PST) and meet about every month, month and half in person in Chatsworth (4:30 PM, Sundays). I'm open to adding 2 players, but looking for one more for sure. Here's kind of my pitch/ideas of shadowrun and my gming Hello all, I’m NerdySauce. I’ve been gming for a long time in life and I’m finally trying to get my unicorn game off and into the air. I want to run a Shadowrun 6e game where we meet online regularly and meet in person at least once a month for a good, fun day of gaming. I’m looking for players new or old and that live in the Valley surrounding Los Angeles. System: Shadowrun 6th edition Platform/Format: Discord/Roll20 when online Tone: a dab of black trench coat, with a dab of pink mohawk and small helping of hope punk Safety tools: X-Card Lines & Veils, etc. Requirements: Willing to commit and be ready during gaming sessions when you can make it.
What is Shadowrun: Shadowrun is where man meets machine. In the 6th world where magic has re-awakened. Elves, dwarves, trolls, and many other fantastical things have come back into with vengeance. Lots of magic as well as plenty of hacking and slashing. Come be a shadowrunner be it for profit or to make a difference in the world. Five Truths of this Campaign - Magic is alive and strong since the awakening - Mega corps rule over most of the world - Horrors still lurk in the dark - Shadowrunning is known to have a low life expectancy - Never trust a Dragon, or maybe only certain ones
Same Page details from me to understand my GMing ideas **Do you play to win?** Good play isn’t a win/lose kind of thing **Player characters are:** expected to work together; conflicts between them are mostly for show **The GM’s role is:** The GM preps a set of events – linear or branching; players run their characters through these events. The GM gives hints to provide direction, but players may go where their goals direct them **The players’ roles are...** ...to set goals for their characters, and pursue them proactively and to follow the story as it fits. Doing the smartest thing for your character’s survival... ...sometimes isn’t as important as other choices **The GM’s role to the rules is...** ...ignore them when they conflict with what would be good for the story **After many sessions of play, during one session, a player decides to have her character side with an enemy. This is...** ...something that shouldn’t even happen. This is something to not do. Is shitty.. **A fistfight breaks out in a bar! The details of where everything is – tables, chairs, where everyone is standing is something that...** is something the GM and player can describe. **In order to really have fun with this game, the rulebook is something that...** ...everyone at least should know the genre the game pulls from **This game runs best when the players take time to create characters that are...** ...built to face challenges using the mechanics and stats. ...given strong motivations and an immediate problem or crisis ...tied into the other characters as allies ..written with some knowledge, research or reading up on the game setting, real history or an actual culture If your interested please reach out! Thanks for reading!
submitted by NerdySauce to lfg [link] [comments]


2024.05.13 20:21 Immediate_Baker_6072 A suggestion to people making Anki language decks: the most common words in a language aren't that important.

I'll propose why story telling through an anki deck could be more effective than word frequency.
TL;DR: Relevance of word frequency degrades quickly, stories aid learning and stories need words for things characters can touch and interact with. The low frequency of a word like "sword" is less important than its role for story telling.
Intro
I'm using Kaishi 1.5k deck to learn Japanese and it's impressive how they managed to put all the words in the deck together in coherent phrases.
A great effort was made to trim out the noise and stick just to the words on the deck. Well rounded deck, some solid work went into it. After a few sessions I could parse out example phrases that seemed impenetrable just days before.
However I've noticed a lot of the words are outside the realm of concrete. Words like "already" or "not at all", they aren't things like "apple" or "table". You can just close your eyes and imagine the shape and color of an apple, you can't do that with "already".
I suppose that's due to the deck sticking to the 1500 most common words. I think "most common" words are overrated.
The shortcomings of sticking to building a deck from most common words in a language:
Graded readers will often start with the most familiar everyday situations common across different countries.
Word frequency in a language happens like this:
Let's say the most common frequent word in a text appears 370 times. The 50th most frequent word is likely to appear 370/50 times (7.4 instances), the 100th will appear 370/100 times (3.7 instances). Since there's no such thing as .4 of a word, let's round it to one word appearing 7 times and another 4 times. Numerically one is nearly double the other, realistically the difference isn't noticeable when you consider the restraints of our memory.
It's even worse when you realize even the most common word is going to be something like less than 7% of the whole text. In English that's "the". So if "the" appears 370 times, the text likely has 5692 words, that's like 5 issues of a comic book. Across five issues you see the 50th most common word appearing 7 times.
In text with tens of thousands of words this difference is meaningless.
The difference degrades even further when we compare 500th to 1000th most frequent word. The 500th most frequent word is likely to be 0.002% of a body a text, the 1000th most frequent will be 0.001%. Sure, one is TWICE as much as the other, but they're both so rare we can't really tell the difference anymore.
This is a weird surprising (but consistent) observation called Zipf's law
An alternative to most common words
Common words are useful, but I guess they aren't as important as their rank in a language. So what to pick then?
Choosing the most common words is definitely the most neutral and objective way to compile words. But the real world is not about neutral and objective situations. The news, entertainment, conversations online, none of that is neutral and objective.
Stories aren't neutral and objective.
One aspect of learning that I've never seen in an Anki deck is story telling.
Stories are a natural mnemonic and help build context which helps learning. Stories can also have emotional aspects to them. Story and emotion are two great enhancers to learning. I say this as someone who's been teaching English as a second language for a decade now.
You can't tell a story without a setting, and a setting demands that we use words for concrete things. Things we touch and interact with, people, professions, places, etc.
A trade-off is in order: abandon some of the most common words, replace them with words to help build a story. The benefit of the trade-off is creating context and emotional impact, which I believe far outweighs learning the most common words.
I think a nice Anki deck could build a story into it, using some of the most common words yes, but also using words that describe a place and real things. The story doesn't need to be told linearly. Bits and pieces here and there that eventually are pieced together by the user and build a cohesive story.
Why not just set the Anki story into some fantasy word, be not afraid to use words that are borderline useless in real life like "sword" or "tiger" as the grounding, and mix up the most common words along the way.
Why not take the story of an already existing movie or TV show and make a deck out of it. Not like a deck with words that appear on Breaking Bad, but a beginners deck that just happens to use Breaking Bad as scaffolding for story telling.
If I were to make an English Anki deck I'd probably use words that are often part of song lyrics or TV dramas. Maybe I'd write in a shoddy crime show of my own into the deck. Maybe I'd use just use The Sopranos.
"This is Tony Soprano", says on card. "Tony has two children", says another.
Either that or go with the setting I suggested earlier, for familiar real life situations common in graded readers.
submitted by Immediate_Baker_6072 to Anki [link] [comments]


2024.05.13 20:18 Longjumping-Peanut14 FORCE (!) a volume to be readwrite

Hey
My Syno constantly mounts one of my two volumes readonly. I tried to set iit to readwrite via the GUI but it doesnt let me. it says it couldnt set it to readwrite.
Synology support is not helping. they said I should recreate the volume after removing it and installing new disks. I know that this would work. but this is not what i want to achieve.
I want to continue to use the storage volume - dont care fi it fails or completely dies - is there any way to force my NAS to continue to mount the volume readwrite?
I am completely aware of potential data loss of that volume - still want to force iti to mount rw.
Any idea?
2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197896.900090] BTRFS error (device dm-1): cannot fix 5363598950400, record in meta_err 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197896.908793] BTRFS warning (device dm-1): Failed to free syno usage subvol item with bytenr:12379279360 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197896.919318] ------------[ cut here ]------------ 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197896.924631] WARNING: at fs/btrfs/super.c:263 __btrfs_abort_transaction+0xe5/0xf0 [btrfs]() 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197896.933972] Modules linked in: nfnetlink tun cmac bridge stp aufs macvlan veth xt_conntrack xt_addrtype nf_conntrack_ipv6 nf_defrag_ipv6 ip6table_filter ip6_tables xt_policy xfrm6_mode_transport xfrm4_mode_transport xfrm6_mode_tunnel xfrm4_mode_tunnel xfrm6_mode_beet xfrm4_mode_beet deflate authencesn ipcomp6 ipcomp xfrm6_tunnel xfrm4_tunnel tunnel6 esp6 esp4 ah6 ah4 xfrm_ipcomp af_key xfrm_user xfrm_algo l2tp_ppp l2tp_core ipt_MASQUERADE xt_REDIRECT xt_nat iptable_nat nf_nat_ipv4 nf_nat xt_recent xt_iprange xt_limit xt_state xt_multiport xt_LOG nf_conntrack_ipv4 nf_defrag_ipv4 iptable_filter pptp gre ppp_deflate bsd_comp ppp_mppe xt_TCPMSS xt_tcpudp iptable_mangle ip_tables pppox ppp_async ppp_generic slhc fuse 8021q vhost_scsi(O) vhost(O) tcm_loop(O) iscsi_target_mod(O) target_core_ep(O) target_core_multi_file(O) 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197897.015599] target_core_file(O) target_core_iblock(O) target_core_mod(O) syno_extent_pool(PO) rodsp_ep(O) vfat fat nf_conntrack x_tables udf isofs synoacl_vfs(O) linear nfsd btrfs zstd_decompress ecryptfs zstd_compress xxhash raid6_pq xor lockd rpcsec_gss_krb5 auth_rpcgss sunrpc bonding leds_lp3943 aesni_intel glue_helper lrw gf128mul ablk_helper syno_hddmon(P) braswell_synobios(PO) hid_generic usbhid hid usblp i915 drm_kms_helper cfbfillrect cfbcopyarea cfbimgblt output zram(C) drm fb fbdev intel_agp intel_gtt agpgart video backlight button uhci_hcd ehci_pci ehci_hcd usb_storage i2c_algo_bit igb(O) e1000e(O) sg dm_snapshot crc_itu_t crc_ccitt psnap p8022 llc zlib_deflate libcrc32c hfsplus md4 hmac sit tunnel4 ipv6 flashcache_syno(O) flashcache(O) syno_flashcache_control(O) dm_mod crc32c_intel cryptd 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197897.094203] arc4 sha256_generic sha1_generic ecb aes_x86_64 authenc des_generic ansi_cprng cts md5 cbc cpufreq_powersave cpufreq_performance acpi_cpufreq mperf processor thermal_sys cpufreq_stats freq_table vxlan ip_tunnel loop etxhci_hcd xhci_hcd usbcore usb_common [last unloaded: ip_tables] 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197897.122081] CPU: 1 PID: 2686 Comm: img_backup Tainted: P C O 3.10.108 #42962 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197897.130841] Hardware name: Synology Inc. DS416play/Type2 - Board Product Name, BIOS M.415 3/2/2016 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197897.140963] ffffffff81485211 ffffffff81476831 ffff880049a6e1e8 ffff88006165fd70 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197897.149377] 00000000fffffffb ffffffffa06d6d20 0000000000000d6f ffffffff81034c69 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197897.157789] ffffffffa06dc3d0 620c000000000020 ffff88006165fd80 ffff88006165fd40 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197897.166205] Call Trace: 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197897.169050] [] ? dump_stack+0xc/0x15 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197897.174997] [] ? warn_slowpath_common+0x56/0x6c 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197897.182025] [] ? warn_slowpath_fmt+0x49/0x50 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197897.188770] [] ? __btrfs_abort_transaction+0xe5/0xf0 [btrfs] 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197897.197064] [] ? btrfs_run_delayed_refs_and_get_processed+0x34a/0x4d0 [btrfs] 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197897.207013] [] ? btrfs_commit_transaction+0x79/0xe10 [btrfs] 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197897.215309] [] ? wait_current_trans.isra.25+0x1c/0x100 [btrfs] 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197897.223780] [] ? dput.part.34+0x81/0x1b0 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197897.230129] [] ? btrfs_log_dentry_safe+0x63/0x80 [btrfs] 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197897.238038] [] ? btrfs_sync_file+0x227/0x350 [btrfs] 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197897.245553] [] ? do_fsync+0x4c/0x90 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197897.251400] [] ? SyS_fdatasync+0xa/0x10 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197897.257637] [] ? system_call_fastpath+0x1c/0x21 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197897.264653] ---[ end trace 71e6c86ff349f582 ]--- 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197897.269914] BTRFS: error (device dm-1) in btrfs_run_delayed_refs_and_get_processed:3439: errno=-5 IO failure 2024-01-26T01:22:22+01:00 DiekerIT-NAS2 kernel: [197897.287104] BTRFS warning (device dm-1): Skipping commit of aborted transaction.

submitted by Longjumping-Peanut14 to synology [link] [comments]


2024.05.13 18:48 johnman1016 Capturing hardware distortion with a plug-in

I was trying to emulate some of my favorite hardware sounds in my VST synths because I am going to be working on the road for the next month and can't lug around a gigantic Polysynth like my Arturia Polybrute. I found a lot of the sounds couldn't be emulated without figuring out how to get the unique "Metallizer" distortion/wavefolder sound - so I went about figuring out a way to clone the distortion with a plug in. It is actually pretty easy with just a couple of simple steps.
Step 1: Record a saw wave running through the distortion unit. The more linear the saw wave the better, since we are essentially trying to scan through the input range linearly and record the non-linear output.
Step 2: Drop the distorted saw recording into a wave-shaper plug in. I use Kilohearts Shaper Table for two reasons. First-off it allows you to drop in .wav files which makes it easy to convert. And secondly it allows you to capture a "table" of different distortion settings which is helpful since the Polybrute Metalizer changes the shape of distortion as you twist the knob to add more METAL! To be clear even though the source is a saw wave, you can now distort any waveform as if it were going through the Polybrute Metalizer.
Step 3: ???
Step 4: Profit!
Check out my YouTube tutorial if you want to hear the results.
submitted by johnman1016 to edmproduction [link] [comments]


http://swiebodzin.info