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=BACKGROUND=

Gwýsene ⟪ثِتونج ځوېٓسِنہ⟫ ⟨th'Tundj Gwýsene⟩ /θɛˈtund͡ʒ ˈʝyːzɛnɛ/ (or "the least Germanic Germanic language") is a Germanic language descendant from Old English spoken in Nabataea (modern-day Jordan, Sinai, and northwestern Saudi Arabia). It takes place in a timeline where the Anglo-Saxons get kicked out of Britain by the Celts, therefore they sail all the way to Nabataea (I pride myself on my realism here) and settle there. Most of them eventually convert to Islam, and, as a consequence, Arabic becomes elevated to the language of academia, nobility, and poetry.
"English" as we know it still survives in-timeline as Englisc — basically Middle English with some modifications — spoken as a minority language in southeastern Britain (or Pritani as the Celts call it in-world).
==ETYMOLOGY OF GWÝSENE==
⟨Gwýsene⟩ ⟪ځوېٓسِنہ⟫ is derived from ځوېٓسِن (Gwýsen) + ـہ- (-e, adjectival suffix), the former from Middle Gwýsene جِٔويسّمَن (ɣewissman), a fossilization of جِٔويسّ (ɣewiss, "Geuisse") + مُن (mon, "man"), from Old Gwýsene יוש מן (yws mn, yewisse monn), from Old English Ġewisse monn.
⟨Tundj⟩ ⟪تونج⟫ is loaned from an Arabized pronunciation of Old Gwýsene תנג (tng, tunge) (from which descends the doublet ⟨Togg⟩ ⟪تُځّ⟫ /toɣ(ː)/, "tongue")
The Englisc exonym is ⟨Eizmenasisc⟩ /ɛjzmɛˈnaːsɪʃ/, From Brithonech (in-world Conlang) Euuzmenasech /ˈøʏzmə̃næsɛx/, from Middle French Yœssmanes /ˈjœssmanɛs/ (hence modern in-world French Yœssmanes /jœsman/ and Aquitanian (in-world) ⟨Yissmanes⟩ /ˈiːsmans/), from Middle (High) German \jewissmaneisch (hence modern in-world German *Jewissmännisch** /jəˌvɪsˈmɛnɪʃ/, Saxon Jewissmannisch /jɛˌvɪsˈma.nɪʃ/, and Hollandish Iweesmanis /iˈʋeːsmanɪs/), Ultimately from Middle Gwýsene جِٔويسّمَن (ɣewissman). Doublet of Englisc ⟨iwis mon⟩ /ɪˈwɪs mɔn/ + ⟨-isc⟩ /-ɪʃ/

=PHONOLOGY=

Consonants	Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Post-Alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	/m/		/n/
Plosive/Affricate	/p/ /b/		/t/ /d/	/t͡ʃ/ /d͡ʒ/¹		/k/ (/g/)²
Fricative	/f/ /v/	/θ/ /ð/	/s/ /z/	/ʃ/ /ʒ/¹	(/ç/)³ (/ʝ/)³	/x/ /ɣ/
Tap/Trill			/ɾ/ /r/
Approximant	/w/		/ɹ/ (/l/)⁴		/j/	/ɫ/

Vowels	Front	Central	Back
Close	/i/ /iː/ /y/ /yː/		/u/¹ /uː/¹
Near-Close	(/ɪ/)⁵ (/ʏ/)⁵
Mid	/e/ /eː/ /ø/ /øː/		/o/ /oː/
Open-Mid	(/ɛ/)⁵	(/ɐ/)⁵	(/ɔ/)⁵
Open	/æ/ /æː/		/ɑ/ /ɑː/

1. Nonnative phonemes
2. allophone of /k/ inter-vocalically
3. allophones of /x/ /ɣ/ near front vowels
4. allophone of /ɫ/ when not near any back vowels and/or velar consonants.
5. allophones in unstressed syllables

These are the phonemes of Standard Gwýsene, and, expectedly, they differ from dialect to dialect.
==EVOLUTION FROM OLD ENGLISH==
The Phonological evolution from Old English to Old Gwýsene are as follows:

• /g/ /j/ => /ɣ~ʝ/
• /h/ => /x/
• /f/ /θ/ /s/ => /v/ /ð/ /z/ word-internally
• /l/ => /ɫ/
• /x/ /ɣ/ => /ç/ /ʝ/ near /i/ /e/ /ø/
• /eo/ /eːo̯/ => /iɔ̯/ /iːɔ̯/
• /æɑ/ /æːɑ̯/ => /iɐ̯/ /iːɐ̯/
• /iy/ /y/ => /ø/
• /iːy̯/ => /øː/

From Old Gwýsene to Middle Gwýsene:

• /ŋk/ /ŋg/ => /kː/ /ɣː/
• /w̥/ /r̥/ /l̥/ /n̥/ => /fː/ /sː/ /ʃː/ /nː/
• /-çt/ /-xt/ => /-ç/ /-x/
• /r/ => /ɹ~ɻ/ post-vocalically
• /iɔ̯/ /iːɔ̯/ => /iɐ̯/ /iːɐ̯/
• /i/ /y/ /u/ => /ɪ/ /œ/ /ʊ/ when unstressed
• /e/ /ø/ /o/ => /ɛ/ /ɛ/ /ɔ/ when unstressed
• /æ/ /ɑ/ => /ɐ/ /ɐ/ when unstressed

From Middle Gwýsene to Modern Gwýsene:

• /p/ /t/ /k/ /b/ /d/ => /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /z/ word-internally
• /p/ /t/ /k/ /b/ /d/ => /f/ /s/ /x/ /v/ /z/ word-finally
• /wi/ => /wy/ => /yː/
• /ɪ/ /œ/ /ʊ/ => /ɛ/ /ʏ/ /ɔ/
• /ɔ/ => /ɐ/
• /i(ː)/ /u(ː)/ => /y(ː)/ /o(ː)/
• /o(ː)/ /æ(ː)/ /ɑ(ː)/ => /ɑ(ː)/ /e(ː)/ /æ(ː)/
• (/æː/ /uː/ => /i/ /ɑ/ in open syllables)
• /eː/ => /i/
• /iɐ̯/ /iːɐ̯/ => /eː/ /iː/

==DIALECT GROUPS==
Gwýsene has 4 main dialect groupings:
1- Southern Dialects
Spoken around in-world Áglästrélz /ˈɑːɣɫɐˌstɾeːɫz/ [ˈɑːʁɫ(ə)ˌsd̥ɾeːɫz]. Speakers of these dialects tend to pronounce:

• /Vm/ /Vn/ /Vɫ/ as syllabic [N̩] [ɫ̩]
• /ɹ~ɻ/ as [ɰ] in non-rhotic accents
• /w/ as [ɥ] near front vowels
• /p/ /t/ /k/ as [pʰ] [tʰ] [kʰ]
• /p/ /t/ /k/ as [b̥] [d̥] [g̊] word-internally
• /ɛ/ /ɐ/ as [ə]

Regarded as the oldest dialect by Gwýsens as it encompasses the original "homeland" (if we don't count the Anglo-Saxons that is). They're also considered the most "posh", and the standard accent is loosely based on the southern dialects.
2- Central Dialects
Spoken around in-world Keü-Nüvátra /keʏ ˌnʏˈvɑːtɾɐ/ [kɛɨ ˌnɨˈvɒːtɾɐ]. Speakers of these dialects tend to pronounce:

• /ç/ /ʝ/ as [h] [j]
• /p/ /t/ /k/ as [pʰ] [tʰ] [kʰ]
• /p/ /t/ /k/ as [p˭] [t˭] [k˭] word-internally
• /Vɹ/ /Vːɹ/ as [Vʴ] [Vʴːɹ]
• /ʏ/ /y/ /yː/ as [ɨ] [ʉ] [ʉː]
• /u/ as [ɯ] (though not that common)
• stressed /e/ /ø/ /o/ as [ɛ] [œ] [ɔ]
• /ɑ/ /ɑː/ as [ɒ] [ɒː]
• /æ/ /æː/ as [ä] [äː]

Central Dialects are considered posh by northerners and westerners, but not by southerners.
3- Western Dialects
Spoken in in-world Ettúr /ɛtˈtuːɻ/ [ətˈtuːɽ]. Speakers of these dialects tend to pronounce:

• /ç/ /ʝ/ as [x] [ɣ]
• /p/ /t/ /k/ as [p˭] [t˭] [k˭]
• /p/ /t/ /k/ as [b] [d] [g] word-internally
• /b/ /d/ as [β̞] [ð̞] word-internally, instead of /v/ /z/
• /ɹ~ɻ/ as [ɾ~ɽ]
• stressed /e/ /ø/ /o/ as [ɛ] [œ] [ɔ]
• unstressed /e/ /ø/ /o/ as [ə] [œ] [ə]
• /eː/ /øː/ /oː/ as [ɛː] [œː] [ɔː]

4- Northern Dialects
Spoken in in-world Ämma̋n /ɐmˈmæːn/ [(ʕ)ɐmˈmæːn]. Speakers of these dialects tend to pronounce:

• /ç/ /ʝ/ as [h] [j]
• /ɫ/ as [l]
• /p/ /t/ /k/ as [p˭] [t˭] [k˭]
• /p/ /t/ /k/ as [b] [d] [g] word-internally
• /b/ /d/ as [b] [d] word-internally, instead of /v/ /z/
• /ɹ~ɻ/ as [ɾ~ɽ]
• /Vɹ/ as [Vː], or [Vɾ] in rhotic accents
• /Vːɹ/ as [Vːː] or [Vː], or [Vːɾ] in rhotic accents
• /ʏ/ /y/ /yː/ as [ɨ] [ɨ] [ɨː]
• /ø/ /øː/ as [ə] [əː] or [ɵ] [ɵː]
• /ɑ/ /ɑː/ as [ä] [äː]

==LEXICAL DOUBLETS==
The differing analyses of the Old English sequences /xe͜o xæ͜ɑ/ & /je͜o jæ͜ɑ/ when the change from /e͜o æ͜ɑ/ to /iɔ̯ iɐ̯/ was taking place led to:

• In the south, /i/ was elided into the palatal /ç/ /ʝ/, yielding Modern Southern [χɑ xæ] [ʁɑ ɣæ]
• In the (at the time) North, /i/ was fully pronounced, yielding Modern Central [heː] [jeː]

For example, Old English heofon & geofon evolved into:

• [ˈχɑvɱ̩] & [ˈʁɑvɱ̩] in Southern dialects. Used natively in the south and the west and were adopted as the standard forms /ˈxɑvɐn/ & /ˈɣɑvɐn/
• [ˈheːvɐn] & [ˈjeːvɐn] in the Central dialects. Used natively in the center and north and considered nonstandard.

=ORTHOGRAPHY=

Gýsene uses the Arabic script natively alongside a romanization
==SCRIPT BACKGROUND==
Since Gýsen use of the Nabataean & then Arabic script preceded the Persians by centuries, the Gýsen Arabic script differs quite a bit from the Indo-Persian system:

1. Rasm: Gýsens writing in Nabataean (& carrying over to Arabic) tended to follow Aramaic & Hebrew convention for representing consonants, while the Persian convention was derived from the most similar sounding preexisting Arabic consonants, leading to drastic differences in pointing convention (i‘jām). As Islam spread, the 2 conventions spread in their respective halves of the Muslim World: The Indo-Persian-Derived Eastern convention, and the Gýsen-Derived Western convention:

(Loose) Consonant ↓	Western ↓	Eastern ↓
//v//	⟪پ⟫	⟪و⟫ ǀ ⟪ڤ⟫
//tʃ//	⟪ڝ⟫	⟪چ⟫
//p//	⟪ڢ⟫	⟪پ⟫
//f//	⟪ڧ⟫	⟪ف⟫

1. Vowel Notation: The western convention has a definitive way of expressing vowels when diacritics are fully written, while in the eastern convention diacritics often serve dual-duty due to limitations of Arabic short vowel diacritics.

==Script keys==

Romanization ↓	Arabic ↓	Standard Phoneme ↓
ä ǀ a	◌َ	/æ/ (stressed) ǀ /ɐ/ (unstressed)
e	◌ِ	/e/ (stressed) ǀ /ɛ/ (unstressed)
o	◌ُ	/o/ (stressed) ǀ /ɔ/ (unstressed)
a̋ ǀ ◌́	◌ٓ	/æː/ (standalone) ǀ /◌ː/ (coupled with other vowels)
a	ا	/ɑ/ (stressed) ǀ /ɐ/ (unstressed)
b	ب	/b/ ǀ /v/ (intervocalically)
g	ځ	/ɣ/ ǀ /ʝ/
d	د	/d/ ǀ /z/ (intervocalically)
h	ھ	/ç/
w ǀ u	و	/w/ (glide) ǀ /u/ (vocalic)
z	ز	/z/
ch	خ	/x/
t	¹ط	/t/
y ǀ i	ي	/j/ (glide) ǀ /i/ (vocalic)
k	ک	/k/ ǀ /g/ (intervocalically)
l	ل	/ɫ/
m	م	/m/
n	ن	/n/
tj	ڝ	/t͡ʃ/
-	¹ع	/Ø/ ǀ /◌ː/ (post-vocalically)
p	ڢ	/p/ ǀ /b/ (intervocalically)
s	¹ص	/s/
k	¹ق	/k/
r	ر	/ɾ/ ǀ /r/ (geminated) ǀ /ɹ/ (post-vocalically)
s	س	/s/ ǀ /z/ (intervocalically)
t	ت	/t/ ǀ /d/ (intervocalically)
y	ې	/y/ (stressed) ǀ /ʏ/ (unstressed)
f	ڧ	/f/ ǀ /v/ (intervocalically)
ö	ۊ	/ø/ (stressed) ǀ /œ/ (unstressed)
-	ء ǀ ئـ	initial vowel holder
v	پ	/v/
th	ث	/θ/ ǀ /ð/ (intervocalically)
tj	¹چ	/t͡ʃ/
dj	¹ج	/d͡ʒ/
dh	ذ	/ð/
j	¹ژ	/ʒ/
sj	ش	/ʃ/
dh	¹ض	/ð/
dh	¹ظ	/ð/
g	¹غ	/ɣ/ ǀ /ʝ/
v	¹ڤ	/v/
a ǀ ä	²ـى	/æ/ (stressed) ǀ /ɐ/ (unstressed)
e	²ـہ	/e/ (stressed) ǀ /ɛ/ (unstressed)
'l-	لٔـ	/‿(ə)ɫ-/
th'-	ثِـ	/θɛ-/

1. nonnative
2. only occur word-finally

=GRAMMAR=

Gýsen grammar is extremely divergent from the Germanic norm, having been brought about by extremely harsh standardization efforts by the ruling class while backed by academia & scholars. It's heavily influenced by Arabic — being the encompassing liturgical, academic, and aristocratic language during the Middle to Early Modern Gýsen periods.
==PRONOUNS==
^\this entire segment will use the romanization only]) The Pronouns themselves have remained relatively true to their Germanic origins, apart from the entire set of Arabic 3rd person pronouns & the genitive enclitics. Gýsene still retains the Old English dual forms, but they're only used in formal writing:

1st Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ih /iç/	wi /wi/	wi /wi/
Accusative	mih /miç/	án /ɑːn/	ós /oːs/
Standalone Genitive	min /min/	ár /ɑːɣ/	ór /oːɹ/
Enclitic Genitive	-min /-mɪn/	-ar /-ɐɣ/	-or /-ɔɹ/

2nd Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	thách /θɑːx/	gi /ʝi/	gi /ʝi/
Accusative	thih /θiç/	in /in/	iw /iw/
Standalone Genitive	thin /θin/	ig /iʝ/	iwar /ˈiwɐɹ/
Enclitic Genitive	-thin /-θɪn/	-ig /-ɪʝ/	-iwar /-ɪwɐɹ/

3rd Person Masculine	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	chá /xɑː/	chama̋ /xɐˈmæː/	chám /xɑːm/
Accusative	hin /çin/	chama̋ /xɐˈmæː/	chám /xɑːm/
Standalone Genitive	his /çis/	chama̋ /xɐˈmæː/	chám /xɑːm/
Enclitic Genitive	-his /-çɪs/	-chama /-xɐmɐ/	-cham /-xɐm/

3rd Person Feminine	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	hi /çi/	chana̋ /xɐˈnæː/	chán /xɑːn/
Accusative	hi /çi/	chana̋ /xɐˈnæː/	chán /xɑːn/
Standalone Genitive	hir /çiɹ/	chana̋ /xɐˈnæː/	chán /xɑːn/
Enclitic Genitive	-hir /-çɪɹ/	-chana /-xɐnɐ/	-chan /-xɐn/

==NOUNS==
Middle Gwýsene inherited the Old English nominal declension, but due to merging & reduction of (final) unstressed vowels, all endlings were dropped except for the accusative & dative plurals which were later generalized. Middle Gwýsene also dropped the neuter gender, merging it with the masculine & feminine genders based on endings

Regular Noun Declension	Singular	Plural
Masculine	-	-an /-ɐn/
Feminine	-	-as /-ɐs/

This has been standardized to all nouns, with some ablaut irregulars:

"Man" (man) ǀ "Bách" (book)	Singular	Plural
Masculine	man /mɑn/	menan /ˈmenɐn/
Feminine	bách /bɑːx/	bitjas /ˈbit͡ʃɐs/

...and some nouns retain colloquial plural forms more reminiscent of their Old English counterparts:

"Tjylz" (child) ǀ "Chänz" (hand)	Singular	(Standard) Plural	(Common) Plural
Masculine	tjylz /t͡ʃyɫz/	tjylzan /ˈt͡ʃyɫzɐn/	tjylro /ˈt͡ʃyɫɾɔ/
Feminine	chänz /xænz/	chänzas /ˈxænzɐs/	chänza /ˈxænzɐ/

===Possession===
Gwýsene has two distinct methods of indicating possession dur to the dropping of the genitive case:
1. A loaned version of the Arabic construct state (present in the standard language, urban areas, and most of the Northern and Western dialects). the Arabic definite article (-الـ) was loaned with its use in the construct state into Late Early Modern Gwýsene as a separate "letter form" [-لٔـ] and prescribed by Grammarians ever since as a "genitive" maker. This method also assumes definiteness of the noun it's prefixed to; it must be prefixed to eneg ("any") for indefinite nouns.
Bách 'lgörel /bɑːχ‿ɫ̩ˈʝøɹɛɫ/ ("the boy's book")

bách 'l - görel book ɢᴇɴ.ᴅғ - boy 

2. Use of a prefixed fär (equivalent to English "of", cognate with English "for") (present in rural areas and is generally viewed as a rural or "Bedouin" feature). This method does not assume definiteness, and a definite article is required.
Bách färth'görel /bɑːχ ˌfɐɹðəˈʝøɹɛɫ/ ("the boy's book")

Bách fär - th' - görel book of - ᴅғ - boy 

==ADJECTIVES==
Much like Nouns, adjectives decline for number and gender:

Regular Adjective Declension	Singular	Plural
Masculine	-	-an /-ɐn/
Feminine	-e /-ɛ/*	-as /-ɐs/

\due to its similarity with the common adjectival suffix* -e*, adjectives derived that way would not decline for gender in the singular*
==VERBS==
Gwýsen verbs are the most mangled, both by Arabization and regular phonological development. Gwýsen word order is VSO. Due to pronouns coming after the verb, they merged with the preexisting endings and formed unique endings that were later generalized to standard verb declension (rendering Gwýsene a pro-drop language)

Present Verb Conjugation	---
Infinitive	-en /-ɛn/
Present Participle	-enz /-ɛnz/
Past Participle	ge- -en
Singular Imperative	-
Plural Imperative	-on /-ɔn/
1ˢᵗ singular	-i /-ɪ/
1ˢᵗ plural	-swe /-swɛ/
2ⁿᵈ singular	-tha /-θɐ/
2ⁿᵈ plural	-gge /-ʝʝɛ/
3ʳᵈ singular masculine	-scha /-sxɐ/
3ʳᵈ dual masculine	-schama /-sxɐmɐ/
3ʳᵈ plural masculine	-scham /-sxɐm/
3ʳᵈ singular feminine	-sche /-sxɛ/
3ʳᵈ dual feminine	-schana /-sxɐnɐ/
3ʳᵈ plural feminine	-schan /-sxɐn/

the subjunctive is formed with a prefixed les- (if the verb is consonant-initial) or let- (if the verb is consonant-initial)
A consequence to the fusional suffixes, the preterite suffixes completely merged with the present ones, so weak verbs need an auxiliary to indicate simple past, which segways us to-
===Auxiliary Verbs===
Most auxiliaries have 2 conjugations: an auxiliary conjugation & a standalone conjugation:

Sőn ("to be") Conjugations	Auxiliary	Standalone
Singular Imperative	ső /søː/	ső /søː/
Plural Imperative	sőn /søːn/	sőn /søːn/
Singular Subjunctive	ső /søː/	les-... /ɫɛs-../
Plural Subjunctive	sőn /søːn/	les-... /ɫɛs-.../
1ˢᵗ singular	ém /eːm/	émi /ˈeːmɪ/
1ˢᵗ plural	synz	synzwe /ˈsynzwɛ/
2ⁿᵈ singular	érs /eːɹs/	értha /ˈérðɐ/
2ⁿᵈ plural	synz /synz/	syngge /ˈsynʝ(ʝ)ɛ/
3ʳᵈ singular masculine	ys /ys/	ysscha /ˈyssxɐ/
3ʳᵈ dual masculine	synz /synz/	synzchama /ˈsynzxɐmɐ/
3ʳᵈ plural masculine	synz /synz/	synzcham /ˈsynzxɐm/
3ʳᵈ singular feminine	ys /ys/	yssche /ˈyssxɛ/
3ʳᵈ dual feminine	synz /synz/	synzchana /ˈsynzxɐnɐ/
3ʳᵈ plural feminine	synz /synz/	synzchan /ˈsynzxɐn/

There are 4 tense-related auxiliaries: Wesan (past auxiliary, "was"), Sőn (participle auxiliary, "be"), Bín (participle auxiliary, "be"), and Víden (future auxiliary, "will"):

Auxiliary Declensions	Wesan ↓	Sőn ↓	Bín ↓	Víden ↓
1ˢᵗ singular	wes /wes/	ém /eːm/	bí /biː/	va̋ /væː/
2ⁿᵈ singular	wir /wiɹ/	érs /eːɹs/	bys /bys/	vés /veːs/
3ʳᵈ singular	wes /wes/	ys /ys/	byth /byθ/	véth /veːθ/
dual/plural	wiran /ˈwiɹɐn/	synz /synz/	bíth /biːθ/	va̋th /væːθ/
Singular Imperative	wes /wes/	ső /søː/	bí /biː/	víz /viːz/
Plural Imperative	weson /ˈwezɔn/	sőn /søːn/	bín /biːn/	vídon /ˈviːzɔn/
Singular Subjunctive	wir /wiɹ/	ső /søː/	bí /biː/	víz /viːz/
Plural Subjunctive	wiren /ˈwiɹɛn/	sőn /søːn/	bín /biːn/	víden /ˈviːzɛn/

===Stong Verbs===
Most of the strong classes remain in Gwýsene, albeit with completely unorthodox ablaut patterns. They've been resorted based on pattern that I've Grammarians have found. Strong verbs also never need the past auxiliary.

Type (Gwýsene)	Corr. Type in Old English	Present stem vowel	Past singular stem vowel	Past plural stem vowel	Past participle stem vowel
I	VII.c	é /eː/	í /iː/	í /iː/	é /eː/
II	IV	e /e/	e /e/	i /i/	a /ɑ/
III.a	I	ý /yː/	a̋ /æː/	y /y/	y /y/
III.b	III.a	y /y/	ä /æ/	o /o/	o /o/
IV.a	II.a	í /iː/	í /iː/	o /o/	a /ɑ/
IV.b	II.b	a/á /ɑ(ː)/	í /iː/	o /o/	a /ɑ/
IV.c	III.b	é /eː/	é /eː/	o /o/	a /ɑ/
V.a	VI	ä /æ/	á /ɑː/	á /ɑː/	ä /æ/
V.b	VII.a	a̋ /æː/	i /i/	i /i/	a̋ /æː/
V.c	VII.e	á /ɑː/	í /iː/	í /iː/	á /ɑː/

=TRANSLATIONS=

==NUMBERS==

Number	Cardinal	Ordinal	Adverbial	Multiplier
1	A̋n /æːn/	Föress /ˈføɹɛss/	Mer /meɹ/	A̋nfélz /ˈæːnˌveːɫz/
2	Twin /twin/	Áther /ˈɑːðɛɹ/	Merdén /mɛɹˈdeːn/	Twýfélz /ˈtyːˌveːɫz/
3	Thrý /θɾyː/	Thryzz /ˈθɾyzz/	Thrémra̋s /ˌθɾeːˈmɾæːs/	Thryfélz /ˈθɾyˌveːɫz/
4	Fíwar /ˈfiːwɐɹ/	Fíradh /ˈfiːɹɐð/	Fírmra̋s /ˌfiːɹˈmɾæːs/	Fíwarfélz /ˈfiːwɐɹˌveːɫz/
5	Fýf /fyːf/	Fýfedh /ˈfyːvɛð/	Fýfmra̋s /ˌfyːvˈmɾæːs/	Fýffélz /ˈfyːfˌfeːɫz/
6	Sysj /syʃ/	Sysjedh /ˈsyʃɛð/	Sysmra̋s /ˌsysˈmɾæːs/	Sysjfélz /ˈsyʃˌfeːɫz/
7	Sévan /ˈseːvɐn/	Sévadh /ˈseːvɐð/	Sévmra̋s /ˌseːvˈmɾæːs/	Sévanfélz /ˈseːvɐnˌveːɫz/
8	Éht /eːçt/	Éhtadh /ˈeːçtɐð/	Éhmra̋s /ˈeːçˈmɾæːs/	Éhtafélz /ˈeːçtɐˌveːɫz/
9	Nygan /ˈnyʝɐn/	Nygadh /ˈnyʝɐð/	Nygamra̋s /ˌnyʝɐˈmɾæːs/	Nyganfélz /ˈnyʝɐnˌveːɫz/
10	Tőn /tøːn/	Tődh /ˈtøːð/	Tőmra̋s /ˌtøːˈmɾæːs/	Tőnfélz /ˈtøːnˌveːɫz/

==THE COLD WINTER IS NEAR==
‎‫بېث نيٓھ ثِوېٓنتِر ڝِٓلز، پِٓث ڝۊٓمسخى ستارم سنِوى. ڝۊم وِثنَن خُٓمسمين وِٓرم، برآثَرمين. سَلٓم! ڝۊم ھېذ، سېځّ ءَنز شّيٓڧ، ڧرِس ءَنز درېھّ. بېثِّس خُطَّمين. ھِپّسوى وِتِر، ءَنز زۊٓثِن، ءَنز مِٓلخ، بېثِّس ڧِرش ءُٓسڧرى ثِکآ. ءوٓ، ءَنز براث وِٓرم!‬
Byth ních thʼwýnter tjélz, véth tjőmscha starm snewe. Tjöm withnän¹ chósmin wérm, bráthärmin². Säläm³! Tjöm hydh, sygg ænz ssjíf⁴ ⁶, fres⁵ änz dryhh⁶. Bytthes⁷ chottämin⁸. Hevvswe weter, änz zőthen⁹, änz mélch, býtthes fersj ósfrä¹⁰ thʼká. Ó, änz brath!
be.3.ꜱɢ.ᴘʀᴇꜱ near ᴅꜰ-winter cold , ꜰᴜᴛ.3.ꜱɢ come-3.ꜱɢ.ᴍᴀꜱᴄ storm snowy . come.ɪᴍᴘ.ꜱɢ in house-1.ꜱɢ.ɢᴇɴ.ᴄʟ warm , brother-1.ꜱɢ.ɢᴇɴ.ᴄʟ . Welcome ! come.ɪᴍᴘ.ꜱɢ hither , sing.ɪᴍᴘ.ꜱɢ and dance.ɪᴍᴘ.ꜱɢ , eat.ɪᴍᴘ.ꜱɢ and drink.ɪᴍᴘ.ꜱɢ . be.3.ꜱɢ.ᴘʀᴇꜱ-that plan-1.ꜱɢ.ɢᴇɴ.ᴄʟ . have-1.ᴘʟ water , and beer , and milk, be.3.ꜱɢ.ᴘʀᴇꜱ-that fresh from ᴅꜰ-cow . Oh , and soup !

/byθ niːç θə‿ˈyːnzɛɹ tʃeːɫz veːθ ˈtʃøːmsxɐ stɑɻm ˈsnewɛ/
/tʃøm wɪðˈnæn ˈxoːsˌmɪn weːɹm ˈbɾɑːðɐɹˌmɪn/
/sɐˈɫæm tʃøm çyð syʝʝ‿ɐnz ʃʃiːf fres‿ɐnz dɾyçç/
/ˈbyθθɛs ˈxottɐˌmɪn/
/ˈçevvswɛ ˈwedɛɹ ɐnz ˈzøːðɛn ɐnz meɫχ ˈbyθθɛs feɹʃ ˈoːsfrɐ θəˈkɑː/
/oː ɐnz bɾɑθ/

1. the words for “in” and “on” merged to än, which was kept for “on”.‬
2. Gwýsens tend to use “brother” as an informal form of address‬.
3. Säläm is only used by Muslim Gwysens. Christian Gwysens prefer Pastos /pɐsˈtos/ (from Ancient Greek ‬ἀσπαστός).
4. comes from Old English hlēapan.
5. comes from old English fretan.
6. Drykken & Ssjípan are within a class of verbs that have a differing imperative stems than the usual inflected stems due to sound changes. In this case the usual stems are Drykk- & Ssjíp-, while the imperatives are Dryhh & Ssjíf. In the central and Low Northern dialects this particular /k/ => /ç/ is not present, and the imperative stem is also Drykk.
7. contracted from of Byth thäs (“that is”)‬.
8. from Arabic خُطَّة.
9. from Latin zȳthum.
10. contraction of old English ūt fra (“out of”).

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What's Is there Get the way to Watch Live Fury vs Usyk Boxing Streams Free?? Fury is getting on a bit. He's not going to be as mobile as he used to be. Coming in heavy only compounds that. Even a slimmed down Fury is bigger and stronger than Usyk, so why risk gassing out or being unable to catch the smaller man?
🔴Visit🥊► Boxing Streams
🔴Watch🥊► Boxing Live
Does anybody else think that Tyson fury is looking a bit too thin to fight usyk? If you get me. It looks like he's lost ALOT of weight. His weight is his biggest advantage. If he looses more than he usually does, I think he'll struggle against usyk there's no way he'll outbox him. as he won't have much weight for him to lean on usyk and also unpopular opinion, I do think it's fishy. He wasn't in good shape for the feb 17th usyk fight and now he got "cut" it's given him lots more time to train doesn't it seem strange?
I pirate everything: games, movies, software, and even made my own plex server. But lately I have gotten really into Usyk & Fury Boxing and haven't found a great way to watch Boxing for free live.
The Fury v Usyk live stream sees the undisputed heavyweight championship defend his strap against the popular Californian pugilist. Here's everything you need to know to watch online with and without a PPV. Tyson Fury and Oleksandr Usyk will take the ring on Saturday May 18) at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Here are all the ways to stream live free online.
I don't care if there is a small delay or anything, but it needs to be at a good bitrate at 1080p or it isn't worth watch for me. Also preferably I would want a way to watch it on a smart TV in some way but im expecting to sacrifice that luxury honestly.
ESPN, ABC or Boxing Network. I'm sure you can stream as well as way to watch it but I want to see what you guys recommend.

What Is there any way to stream Tyson Fury vs. Oleksandr Usyk live on May 18th 2024? Fury is getting on a bit. He's not going to be as mobile as he used to be. Coming in heavy only compounds that. Even a slimmed down Fury is bigger and stronger than Usyk, so why risk gassing out or being unable to catch the smaller man?
🔴Visit🥊► Boxing Streams
🔴Watch🥊► Boxing Live
Does anybody else think that Tyson fury is looking a bit too thin to fight usyk? If you get me. It looks like he's lost ALOT of weight. His weight is his biggest advantage. If he looses more than he usually does, I think he'll struggle against usyk there's no way he'll outbox him. as he won't have much weight for him to lean on usyk and also unpopular opinion, I do think it's fishy. He wasn't in good shape for the feb 17th usyk fight and now he got "cut" it's given him lots more time to train doesn't it seem strange?
I pirate everything: games, movies, software, and even made my own plex server. But lately I have gotten really into Usyk & Fury Boxing and haven't found a great way to watch Boxing for free live.
The Fury v Usyk live stream sees the undisputed heavyweight championship defend his strap against the popular Californian pugilist. Here's everything you need to know to watch online with and without a PPV. Tyson Fury and Oleksandr Usyk will take the ring on Saturday May 18) at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Here are all the ways to stream live free online.
I don't care if there is a small delay or anything, but it needs to be at a good bitrate at 1080p or it isn't worth watch for me. Also preferably I would want a way to watch it on a smart TV in some way but im expecting to sacrifice that luxury honestly.
ESPN, ABC or Boxing Network. I'm sure you can stream as well as way to watch it but I want to see what you guys recommend.

Saudi Arabia, UAE and India have two voting stations, China 3 but, Australia only in Canberra, UK only in London, Netherlands only the Hague, and New Zealand only in Wellington.
There is clearly a bias, since most South Africans abroad don't live in those cities. Perth, Auckland, Amsterdam, Manchester.
Looking at the registered voters and the amount of South Africans living in the country does not match. London: 24 535; The Hague : 6 659; Canberra: 3 674. But South African populations in those counties are:
United Kingdom: >217,181 (2021); Australia: 206,730 (2022); New Zealand : 71,382 (2018)
Sources: https://www.elections.org.za/pw/Documents/International%20Voting%20Station%20Addresses%20and%20Voting%20Dates.pdf https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/elections-2024/elections-2024-addresses-dates-voting-hours-for-all-111-foreign-missions-iec-confirmed/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_diaspora

All groups in Islam agree on only one thing, which is that they are the only group will enter Paradise We see Shiites and Sunnis declaring each other infidels. Saudi Arabia attributes the correct Islam to them while the rest are on the wrong path. The Palestinians as well. Egypt. Literally, they are all fighting over Paradise, how they repeat all the time that they are a religion of love and peace, and their hearts are full With hatred towards each other, how can they say that Allah is Wise, but he leaves them in all this chaos to discover who the people of the correct religion are

Hello everyone! I'm a new Björk fan and I'm from Saudi Arabia! I found out about her from a funny reggaeton remix of the song Joga by one hand loves another on youtube. .
The middle east has its own special streaming service called Anghami. and it's the most used streaming service compared to Spotify or Apple Music here. .
Here are some fun facts about Björk on Anghami! .
1- She has a total of 14K followers and 753k streams the day I posted this.
2- Come To Me is her most streamed songs with 43.2K streams and 3.1K likes.
3- Her least streamed song is Immature (roots version) with a total of only 199 streams and 2 likes.
4- Her most streamed album Is Debut.
5- Her least streamed album is Volta.
7- Her least streamed track ever is Hunter (live) with a total of only 1 stream and 0 likes (shocking)... .
Can you guys share some fun facts about Björk's popularity and where you're from? I'm really loving her recently. 5 years, Stonemilker, All is Full of Love, You've Been Flirting Again and, Hyperballad are my current favorites! .
Ask me any questions about Bjork's popularity in the middle east and I'll be happy to answer them!

Has anyone from the UK or US had to go through security or had hand baggage checked when flying somewhere via Saudi Arabia?
About to book flights london -> JEDDAH -> Jakarta. It says on the hand baggage rules for Saudi Airlines that only 2 electronics are allowed.
"b. Allowable items in carry-on baggage, such as:
Mobiles , Notebook, Backup power, Power pack, Power case , Power Bank , Radio-controlled toy and Nail polish etc. The items are allowed in hand carry bags with maximum of 2 pieces only."
I was planning on bringing multiple electronics, camera, gopro, two phones (one spare) and two powerbanks. But from what I can tell, individual airlines don't check hand baggage, it's down to airport security, so I wasn't too bothered because I knew there wouldn't be an issue at Heathrow.
But then I also found on the Saudia website that hand baggage is checked on flights coming from the UK and US:
"For security purposes all carry-on baggage will be checked by security officers for flights arriving and departing to/from USA and UK including all electronic devices (as Smart phones, Cameras, Laptops, I pads, smart watches ...etc.)"
Has anyone flown from/to USA or UK via Saudi Arabia (and please specify airline) carrying more than two phones or powerbanks, or know if cabin baggage is checked?
Edit: Just called them again, turns out its two items of electronics. But you can have two of each. So two phones, two powerbanks, etc

Has anyone from the UK or US had to go through security or had hand baggage checked when flying somewhere via Saudi Arabia?
About to book flights london -> JEDDAH -> Jakarta. It says on the hand baggage rules for Saudi Airlines that only 2 electronics are allowed.
"b. Allowable items in carry-on baggage, such as:
Mobiles , Notebook, Backup power, Power pack, Power case , Power Bank , Radio-controlled toy and Nail polish etc. The items are allowed in hand carry bags with maximum of 2 pieces only."
I was planning on bringing multiple electronics, camera, gopro, two phones (one spare) and two powerbanks. But from what I can tell, individual airlines don't check hand baggage, it's down to airport security, so I wasn't too bothered because I knew there wouldn't be an issue at Heathrow.
But then I also found on the Saudia website that hand baggage is checked on flights coming from the UK and US:
"For security purposes all carry-on baggage will be checked by security officers for flights arriving and departing to/from USA and UK including all electronic devices (as Smart phones, Cameras, Laptops, I pads, smart watches ...etc.)"
Has anyone flown from/to USA or UK via Saudi Arabia (and please specify airline) carrying more than two phones or powerbanks, or know if cabin baggage is checked?

I’m a IGCSE and A-Level student currently doing my AS level exams in a school in Saudi Arabia. My specific plan on what to study is very confusing and im considering Jordan to be one hopefully.
Now regarding medicine as a Jordanian student What’s the percentage of acceptance to universitys in here. Plus does it differ from موازي and قبول موحد Any help appreciated :))) Note: I got 7 A stars in IGCSE and rn doing my 2 subjects AS levels ( Math and Bio )

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To add context, I'm not terribly familiar with the boxing organisations and their practices within the sport.
Is a unification of all the belts completely out of the question upon the conclusion of Fury Usyk? From my understanding, this is the first undisputed heavyweight title bout in 25 years.
Boxing arguably does have too many titles. Assumably there would be large incentive for an independent establishment to unify the belts under a new organisation within the UAE.
Saudi Arabia has in recent years invested incredible amounts of money to establish itself in sport with golf (Saudi International) and football (King Cup) so I refuse to believe it is completely out of the question.
How viable would this be in practice? Does the current organisations have a monopoly over boxing? Again, I am unfamiliar