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The Rationale for Quarantine is containment for health & healing
When a patient is suffering from a contagious disease they are quarantined from the general population or set apart (literally what apartheid means).
This age-old practice in medicine is rational, scientific, practical, ethical, implementable & works. While the contagious patient is under quarantine (or set apart from other unwell folk as well as the generally healthy) it is expected that the infected will not reproduce thereby passing the contagion to the new born. The patient may or may not agree, comply or cooperate with the quarantine - & despite this it is highly moral (& aligned with all ethical principles) that patients may be quarantined & treated (humanely, with dignity & without doing harm as per the Hippocratic oath) with or without their consent (for the well being of the patient & the general population) with the goal that one day the patients will be restored entirely to health.
This much most rational, reasonable, educated people will agree with. What one too many people may be unused to is : what if there is quarantine set up between SEEMINGLY & then sometimes ENTIRELY healthy peoples?
First we will deal with apartheid (segregation or setting apart) between ENTIRELY healthy peoples:

1. we may set apart honor students & students with advanced course works from students who are not or students who are in need of special attention (or special education). It is agreeable & moral as long as every good faith effort (& extra expense at a greater cost to society) is made to help students who are in need of special education with the hope that one day all will be equally gifted & blessed.
2. we set apart management or people with higher education, degrees or resources from people who are not as specialized, educated or resourceful. This is agreeable & moral as long as every good faith effort is made to help those who are behind to catch up, improve, get ahead, get trained, get educated etc. with the goal that one day all will be equally educated, degreed, resourceful & have excellent backgrounds.
3. we may segregate school children activities (playing, singing) from untrained strangers & adults (smoking, drinking) with the hope that one day the adults will no longer have to smoke nor have to imbibe but will be as innocent, sweet, loving & ethereal as children.
4. we may even segregate women's activities (education, socialization etc.) from men's activities & social events with the hope that one day men will be gentrified, beautified & worthy of the love of the fairer sex.
5. there is a setting apart (segregation) of military vs civilian personnel. A military service member may be allowed in zones that civilians may be excluded from. This is because the serviceperson has the training & the value systems & the trust of fellow personnel that allows them access to military sights & secrets that civilians are not allowed access to. The armed forces are civilization's attempt at regularized conflict & the hope is that one day none will have to be trained so & this form of apartheid will hopefully end (as predicted in the texts where the instruments of war are become instruments of peace with civilian purposes).
6. there is religious wisdom, knowledge & there are zones accessible to the trained, conditioned & trusted : for e.g. certain areas are only accessible to high clergy in various religions (Judaism, Christianity & Islam) with the hope that the clergy will help bring about a Kingdom of Heaven so there is no need for ritual, religious acts & all enjoy the Kingdom of Heaven as in the days of Eden & the upcoming reign of the Messiah (Masih akbar sahih) or Christ. The ancient Roman Patricians kept areas of their temples & their holy books (the Sibylline Prophecies) out of reach of the traumatized, unfortunate, poor Plebeians because the ability to deal with this knowledge, these instruments & wisdom is more conducive to an able, whole, healthy, loving, innocent, equality-loving, just & psychologically whole person. The Jews have areas of their temples accessible to the Levites, while the Muslims have an entire geography (Haramain Sharifain) cordoned off to people who have surrendered & submitted to a set of values. The Christians have books, areas of study & conferences restricted to those learned in the vocabulary & equipped with the training & where with all (resources, finances) to access that which has been deliberately hidden behind Greek & Roman symbols & terminology.

There are many such examples of setting apart based on skill-sets, education, financial resources (those who come into a corporation with investments & resources are oft set apart from those who have to be paid & trained) with the proviso that one day there will be equality.
The gentle & patient reader might begin to see that apartheid or setting apart remains moral as long as a good faith, all-out effort is made to ensure that the quarantined or unwell populations are healed. There are exceptional cases where society is so broken & medicine is not advanced enough that cures are unknown which is a scenario that is too unhappy to consider. This unhappy scenario is not in accord with the religion of Ibrahim SW (Judaism, Christianity & Islam) which espouses that every disease no matter how unusual has a cure.
Now we may deal with the concerns of including SEEMINGLY healthy peoples:
There are instances through history where people may object to quarantine between seemingly healthy peoples. For e.g. people opposed the segregation of seemingly healthy whites & non-whites in various parts of the world (be it the US, S. Africa, Middle East, Asia, British colonies etc.). This opposition arose most likely because in some cases there were quarantines & segregation or apartheid in place but there were entirely too few (or half-hearted) attempts at healing of the quarantined non-whites to health, equality (i.e. whiteness). When it comes to setting the oppressed apart from the privileged it may happen once too often that out of sight is out of mind, when we need to pay MOST mind to healing, compensation & restoration of those who have been oppressed into non-whiteness (in most cases generational non-whiteness).

ASIDE:
Briefly non-white races (& the various races) were created via oppression by the idolaters after the age of Peleg (200 years after the flood). The idea was to subject people to harm by marking them darker or non-white & using them as receptacles of vices (anger, lust, violence) so as to break them, humiliate them, torment them. It is assumed that the reader understands that non-white people though they may think that they are just as good as (&even better than) whites (& they may be in some areas) are actually unwell due to generational oppression. It is assumed that the reader is erudite enough to know that non-white people have been historically oppressed & race-harmed from whiteness to non-whiteness & are as a result become unwell & carriers of a variety of vices & conditions, if the reader is unware of this then they are referred to the writings on racial justice & on ending upstream/downstream inequalities, however brief summaries will be reiterated in the appendix upon request.
END ASIDE

We include the oppressed because it helps raise them higher without resulting in any decline of the larger society (including the oppressor). If including the oppressed results in harm (in any way) of any member of society (be it the oppressor) then inclusion may not be desirable. Now some readers may be too eager to ask for harm for the oppressors but this is a gentle reminder that harming the criminal element for their crimes is contrary to positive or restorative justice & results in long-term harm to everyone (for a explanation of how or why, the reader is referred to the work on restorative or positive justice, for in-depth explanations are beyond the scope of this piece, however brief summaries may be included in the appendix upon request).
However, opposition to segregation or apartheid or quarantine & healing of the race-harmed may stem from a variety of other reasons & may result in undesirable outcomes.
What good may opposition to quarantine & healing of the vulnerable (& even contagiously) unwell from the healthy do? why may someone oppose quarantine & healing of the unwell ? who are we enabling & empowering by viewing the vulnerable, oppressed, non-white ethnic folk as equal to the healthier, privileged (even at times including the oppressive) white folk ? why would certain white people wish to remain themselves white and prefer it if other non-whites remain non-white?

1. By opposing quarantine AND healing for the non-white oppressed & treating the wronged as though they are the same as the oppressor the race-harmers are excusing the wrongs done to the oppressed. Furthermore opponents of healing & quarantine are enabling the race-harmer who may continue to make others ill (an act which may help the criminal but is to the detriment of humankind in the long run).
2. If a race-harmer pretends that the oppressed non-white folk are equal to privileged white folk they are effectively ignoring the enormity of the wrongs done to nonwhites & as a result the race-harmer may continue to avoid consequences (or rather treatment) for their wrongs against society
3. the race-harmer may resent the healing of their victims or treatment & restoration of their victims to health.
4. the race-harmer & their allies (& unwitting proxies) may truly be misguided & view the contagiously unwell as healthy.

Let me remind the gentle reader that all manner of criminals (even & particularly race harmers & their unwitting proxies or allies) deserve compassion, understanding & forgiveness & positive justice ( so they are healed, restored & compensated along with their victims). If this is not obvious then the reader is referred to the writings on restorative (positive) justice.
How can someone convince the various parties that a patient is healthy & impart the illusion of seeming health?
They may create the illusion of seeming health & undermine society by:

1. convincing the race-harmed that they are healthy. The deluded contagious oppressed non-whites may then go around spreading contagion ( when people avoid or exclude the contagious one too many unwell are likely to start crying discrimination & racism, while taking umbrage ).
2. force the larger healthier population to include the unwell (pretending to or under the illusion that they are healthy or "equal") spreading contagion & dragging the entire society's health down (accusing the health-conscious avoiding spread of disease as "exclusive" & "elitist" & even "racist").

Why did S. African & US Apartheid have issues?
A High Gradient or high Disparity between Races
A major reason why the work of racial justice was paused in the US is due to the huge gradient & contrast between white & black races. To recap for the beginner: On the continuum of race-harm if Xanthocroid races (white, blonde, blue eyed) are the healthiest & least race-harmed, while the Australoid races are most harmed. Following is a rough list sorted by most healthy to most harmed:

1. xanthocoid (light white) (found in the hyperboreal region or extreme north)
2. melanochroid (dark white) (found in the Mediterranean region)
3. mongoloid (Asiatic)
4. australoid (mostly in Africa)

If two races that are on the opposite ends of health & harm are brought together the likelihood of healing & organized restoration are reduced. How is that? Imagine someone is a beginning student in college who is given the task of mastering advanced ideas. In order to get the student to advanced subjects the student is slowly & gradually exposed to increasingly complex & advanced concepts. If a beginning mathematics students is thrown into an advanced graduate level class they are going to be overwhelmed, stressed & come up with short cuts to learn the subject hastily (in order to catch up). If you want to climb a ladder it is easiest & fastest if the rungs are closer together than if the rungs are far apart.
Similarly with the task of restoring the harmed & racial justice. If a light white race is exposed to the darkest of African races they are likely to be overwhelmed, stressed & come up with short cuts to catch up. Racial -justice & healing of the oppressed races must be evident & the progress should be clear, a path ought to be sketched out in the open & progression made. The task should be incremental & not stark (nor overwhelming).
It must be noted that there are advantages to having such a high contrast or high disparity in racial health but those advantages are not long term & perhaps immoral.
A Lack of Prohibition on Reproduction of non-whites
Even when segregation & quarantine was implemented the non-whites were not prevented from reproduction (even though miscegenation was at times prohibited). Even today many misconception exist. For e.g. some women (ethnic ones in particular) obtain health benefits from becoming pregnant even when they realize that their off spring have health issues & are not considered desirable. The solution is to end in-utero births & encourage in-vitro conception, gestation & births while providing women with health care that equals or exceeds the healing they receive from becoming pregnant. Population management is important to bringing about racial equality or any kind of equality.
Viewing Non-whites as a "Resource" (or exploitable human resource)
As a way of incentivizing the act of racial justice the xanthocroid races of US & S. Africa were increasingly convinced into viewing the oppressed stigmatized as an exploitable human resource. Even when slavery was ended the ethnic races are often cast as useful workers in athletics, rap-music or some other endeavor. The main goal ought to be to heal & restore the ethnic non-whites not to use them as a "resource" in one industry or the other.
A Myriad of Excuses
There are a variety of reasons cited :

1. not very practical : a reason cited is that it is easy to undermine segregation. This happens due to lack of enforcement, poor border security & enforcement. In the US when the first instances of breaches happened the response ought to have been (a) addressing the grievances of non-whites who have lived for decades without seeing improvement in their race (a1) altering the structure of society so individuals value the larger society over themselves & their families & gather around their benefactors irrespective of family or race (b) enforcing with measures those who undermine order & public health & safety. This has still not happened with illegal infiltration a little too rampant & breaches in the border a little too chronic.
2. costs : the xanthocroid folk though they are the healthiest have historically yearned for economic & financial equality with the melanochroid of the Mediterranean (Rome). Despite making unprecedented economic gains they continue to sacrifice their environment, their race & morality for the sake of short-term economic gain. In fact it is so endemic that profit is used as an excuse for or against one too many endeavors (& was broached by a Scottish gentleman Adam Smith who himself wanted parity with the English gentry & was mistreated at their hands while at Oxford). It is anticipated that this inclination will likely taper. The best wishes & success is wished for them & theirs because they are likely going to be instrumental in bringing about justice.

Where Indian Apartheid/ Segregation went awry.
The caste-system or apartheid in the idolatrous parts has transformed into abuse, humiliation & unkindness towards the oppressed. This aggravates racial injustice & ensures that apartheid will continue in some form or another even if there is public outcry against the caste-system & attempts are made to ban it overtly. The same applies to attempts at quarantine & healing made anywhere in the world. The Indians are now trying to convince one another that caste systems were meant to be fluid & people ought to be able to move between the castes easily. This works only with the goal that eventually the oppressed lower castes will one day come to an end through this movement.
The reasoning for Islamic gender-based Segregation
Hazrath Umar RA broached the idea of gender-based segregation & veiling due to the influx of Muslim converts from the most oppressed parts of the world (Africa or Habsh). This was meant to protect the white women folk of Arabia (who were in those days whiter than they are today). The solution ofcourse is to help make everyone white but Islam as a religion does not have the science to implement climate change (yet) or does not want to (or is not allowed to) implement climate justice. The Islamic lands primarily occupy what the idolaters termed "hades" (or heck): barren hot deserts or hot & humid tropical lands (which are worse for disease transmission since heat increases bacterial activity & growth & the humidity facilitates ease of aerial transmission of bacteria through the presence of water droplets in the air). An important solution to racial inequity is changing the climate to become cold & snowy (cold heals & discourages bacterial growth, then kills bacteria once temperatures fall below the freezing point; heat does the opposite it encourages bacterial growth, mutation & adaptation till boiling point- in the process of sterilization heat may scar, burn & permanently mark, at the same time regions in the shade are not likely to reach boiling point whereas cold penetrates the coldest nooks & sterilizes without scarring but by preserving).
A Solution For Bringing About Racial Justice

RECAP: Two hundred years after the flood during the age of Peleg the one land mass (Pangea) on earth was separated into the various continents by the idolaters & three climate zones were created by them.
The first zone was called the "middle earth" with temperate climes & benign lifeforms (mediterranea or literally middle earth), the next zone was a cold zone called "hyperborea" (or extreme north) which served as purgatory (the cold sterilized or diminished the bacteria & virii & other diseases of body that also create psychological conditions & vices). The third zone was known as "hades" (the ancient name for heck or h_ll, heat on the other hand increases bacterial & viral growth & activity (worsening the condition)). This was where the earth was extremely hot & is the region around the equator , the tropics. Unlike the Mediterranean Hades (hot) & Purgatory (cold) have various functions. (the various advantages & disadvantages of hot vs cold to heal are discussed in the origins of upstream/downstream locales& are beyond the scope of this text but will be elaborated upon if requested).
END RECAP

The idolaters placed "middle earth" or mediterranea in the center while they placed "purgatory" (or hyperborea separate from hades (or heck) in the northern hemisphere, reversing these zones in the southern hemisphere. This is likely because they wished to control who they wanted to be healed & who they wanted to condemn. The solution to racial-inequity ought to be obvious.
We have to end the climate prevailing in hades or (heck) & heal people through the climate prevailing in purgatory or hyperborea (or "extreme north"). Once racial equality is reached hyperborea (or extreme cold) ought to be tempered & the one - temperate climate that prevailed in the pre-palegiastic era ought to return.
TLDR:

1. Setting folk apart (apartheid / quarantine) & healing in medical context.
2. Apartheid or setting apart & healing people who are healthy
3. Apartheid or setting apart & healing peoples who are "seemingly" healthy
   1. how would someone discourage quarantine & healing of the unwell &
   2. why would the race-harmer go about discouraging quarantine & healing of the unwell
4. why did the attempts at quarantine not continue in the US & S. Africa.
5. current attempts at reforming the apartheid systems in India
6. Islamic gender-based segregation & solutions
7. Solution for bringing about racial justice : end race-harm (hades) & bring about purgatorial cold, restore to the one climate earth that prevailed with Pangea.

Oxford Latin Dictionary, the biggest Classical Latin dictionary, contains 39,589 words, while Oxford English dictionary has 171,476 headwords in current use.
I wonder, maybe languages back then, especially in pre-written eras, were about as "big" as a native speaker could remember?
Had languages just "swollen" in the Modern era due to scientific terminology and invention of new things and concepts? Or maybe ancient vocabularies were about as big as modern ones and we just don't know them?

I am 49 and from Generation X, the lost generation, the mtv generation, the latch key kids. First of all, to all you Gen Z young adults there are challenges that you have that I didn't have to face throughout my 20's. Social media, a broken economy, ridiculous costs of living, smart phones, incredibly lethal street drugs, and the list goes on. So to these things you have my empathy. Social media alone is a corrosive source of pain and suffering. Though I dont feel like it, I'm an old man in your eyes. I never had children and didn't marry because I watched the tragic consequences of failed marriages from all my friends. I went to college and never finished with 123 hours under my belt (studied fine arts and psychology). Because of this and the vain illusion that I wouldn't age, or I could work my way up the ladder I have compromised my life to the point there will be no retirement (unless my artwork and poetry magically become popular), there will be no comfortable living, and the poverty I experience will be life long. Even though I grew up in an upper middle class home with both parents. Instead of attacking you, demeaning you, or lecturing you I would like to give you some advice or you will suffer the reality I endure each day. Though I am intelligent, talented, imaginative, relentless, athletic,and yes even attractive (for 49 lol), I live in poverty. The only person I can blame is the man I see in the mirror each morning. I don't want to see any of you wake up to this nightmare. To wake up knowing the chances of turning this all around are slim at best. So here are some simple truths, that if followed will make life much easier to handle. 1. Eliminate "it's not fair" from your vocabulary. Yes, it's not fair and it gets even more unfair as you get older. Life is principly unfair. You don't have to accept this, just make peace with it. No one can change the natural order of things. Complaining about it, having a pity party, or spending time and effort fighting an impervious system will only add to your suffering. It won't change a thing. 2. Stress, anxiety, and depression are a part of life. Mental health is important, but using that as a crutch or excuse not to do anything is unacceptable. We as humans all feel these things daily. I won't say "suck it up" because that means ignoring these factors which is not healthy. Which is what we were told at your age. You must find the strength to go forward, face adversity, and challenges had on. Because again it only gets worse. 3. Work consistently and diligently. Side hustles are a waste of your time and energy which do not repay what you put in to them. Preteens do extra chores for money and that's what a side hustle is. Side hustles are not real jobs unless you can make a substantial amount of money doing several. If that's the case, more power to you. Work is not fun, it is not on your terms, and It's not a social outlet. Most every job sucks in one way or another. You have to learn to navigate this. Almost every person of your age I work with almost never shows up on time and calls off at least once a week (if you are going to do that come up with better excuses, like you have explosive diarrhea. Not I didn't hear my alarm or my mom's dog is sick). If you want to contribute to a healthy economy (yes I understand that won't fix things, but over time it would contribute to economic growth) you have to work. You now represent a large portion of the work force. Also give a job more than a month before you quit, give proper notice (you are burning bridges and creating a very poor work history). 4. Do not rely on the government to take care of your needs unless that's absolutely the only way. My rent is ridiculous, I can't afford to eat healthy, and I don't have very much extra money each month. But I make all of it work on $13.50 an hour with tips. Yes, it's very hard work. I've was dogs at an upscale kennel/doggie daycare/ grooming facility. Not how I pictured my life at this age. I swallow a lot of pride, try not to look down on myself, and remember at least it's something. If a person turning 50 can do it, you can too. Government assistance again damages an already damaged economy when it's being abused (ie having babies to get money, food stamps when you actually can afford food, going to a homeless shelter to get into a housing program when you didn't have to, faking disability like a mental illness which really isn't there). Things are only going to get worse to the point there is no assistance to be had. 5. Move out of your parents house. You would be surprised what your are capable of doing when you have to take care of your own needs. I was old when I moved out. I was 22 (that was old back in 98). I worked, went to school (which I paid for), maintained a social life, worked out 5 days a week, went clubbing on the weekends, dated alot, and occasionally had a girlfriend, and was VP of the largest special interest club on campus. I had to learn to adapt and not give up. I don't recommend trying to live alone these days because it's not plausible. Find someone or a few someone's you trust, get a place, and help each other out. You don't have to do it by yourself. That's what friends are supposed to be there for. A shoulder to lean on when you need it. If you are living with a friend or two and someone does not pull their weight, give them a 10 days to find a job and contribute. If they can't. . .kick them the fuck out. I'm not saying all of this to be mean or insensitive. These people are leeches, lazy, and are so entitled they think they works be taken care of.I want to see your generation rise to the occasion and win. I believe that most of you can accomplish this. Together you stand, divided you fall. 6. Drugs are bad and more powerful now than they ever were.. If you have drug issues I'm sorry I know how it feels. I know how it feels to fix it and still be labeled as and looked at as an addict. It became everyone's reason to not help me. Not because I used them or stole, or borrowed money. But because I was an embarrassment and it was a reason to be selfish for them. I have dealt with addiction issues which didn't even develop until I was 33 and progressed to ever increasingly stronger substances until I was 42. Adderall (which I did quit cold turkey eventually and wasn't a problem until after 3 of taking it and even then was manageable.) became alcohol (which I drank socially from 33 to 38 and then it became a problem) which eventually turned into opiates, and finally cocaine. Every pill I had was legal. I Dr shopped when that was still possible. I had a nice job, new car, expendable income, and looked the part. I didn't look like the face of addiction so it was not suspected. Then, Mom died and that already serious problem destroyed my life. Opiates became coke and I lost everything. I was then using to die. Everyone's Mom dies and it's not really an excuse. However, it was the most painful experience I have ever had. I relied on drugs to make me happy because my family fell apart without the glue. If you have a problem, get help. If you get help avoid 12 step systems. That statistically only works 4.8% of the time (those are the true numbers, because the other ones you find online are studies put out by 12 step systems (I don't just talk out of my ass, for reference read The Sober Truth). Smart recovery is a much better system and was developed in the 90's and uses modern psychoanalysis instead of reliance on spiritualism from the 1920's. Sober living is a bad idea. You are putting a group of addicts in one house. What do you think is going to eventually happen. Especially sober living that does not have someone there to monitor the group (ie Oxford House). 7. Give school a chance. College is not just for learning. It's a time to discover yourself. To find something that really interests you, study it, and make a career out of something you love. If I had finished I be would have gotten my Masters and taught college fine arts classes. Not to mention would have made connections with the art world. Which is another thing college is good for. I had the time of my life (sober mind you). I was a raver back in the day (2000 - 2005) who didn't even drink, but I could dance my ass off. Those years are my most cherished memories. It's the only time you will be at a place geared for your age and you are surrounded by people close to your age. Highschool does not follow you there. The most unimportant person in highschool can sometimes become the coolest person in college. This again is because everyone is finding themselves, exploring life, and throwing caution to the wind. Mind your grades, but understand that it's not the only thing that is important. Don't spend your time staying in. Go out even if you have no one to do with you. Try new things. It's the time for it. 8. Finally, give the gym a chance. It's not the physical transformation that really impacts your life, it what it does to your mind. It's ok to do it for vanities sake. The human body is made to get stronger with use. What other machine does that. When I hear, "it's just not my thing" I cringe. 90% of the time I went I didn't want to. That would change after 20 min. Also, Missy importantly it teaches your self discipline. Making yourself do something when you don't have to. Self discipline is one of the hardest things to ever learn. But if you can work out for 1 hour 5 days a week everything else feels trivial. It will relieve stress, anxiety, and depression. It teaches commitment and a good work ethic. It teaches self reliance and self discipline. It shows you eventually that you can do things you thought was impossible. I weighed 165 and was doing 3 sets of 5 with 255 on flat bench then doing 3 sets of 5 with 100lb dumbbells on each arm for dumbbell press. It unlocks a mental potential more than a physical. It gives a confidence that is unwaivering. So doubt say it's not my thing. Take 1 hour out of the day and go. Allie is people say I don't like the mirrors. The reason why is subconsciously you don't like yourself and it bothers you to have to look at you. Even at my strongest the person I madmired at the gym was the person just starting out with that look of determination in their eyes. They inspired me to keep going. If vanity is not a reason, or self exploration, or developing self discipline. Then do it to manage stress, anxiety, and depression. It is more powerful and more effective than any pill. However, you need to give it at the very least 90 days (3 months). That way you have caused a routine to form and you will definitely see results. Proper diet is two thirds of this. High protein. 1 gram per one pound of body weight. Low carb (you do need them), low fat. In fact if you want to change everything else and make that easier hit the gym first. Don't let anyone ego shame you for going. They are just jealous because they lack the self control to start and stay with it. Final thoughts. . . You are not entitled to anything AT ALL. You don't deserve anything. You are not even garrenteed you'll wake up tomorrow. Understand that the world is a mean, nasty, hateful place that you can either let it knock you to to your knees or fight with all your soul. It's not how hard you can hi, it's how hard you can get hit and get back up. . . Again, again, and again. I fully expect this to not go over every well. But at the end of the day you don't have to listen too me or agree with me. That's how opinions work. Don't be one of this people who preaches equality and then cancels what you find abhorrent. My opinion is just as valid as yours. All the things I to have written here are about self discovery, self reliance, and self improvement. All of them are difficult and not all of you could do these things. Something is not of value, worth, or rare because it's plentiful and easy to get. But if you insist on proving me wrong, try these things, and if the quality of your life doesn't improve then I'll know I've finally become to old to say anything relative and it's time to let all this go and shut up.

Platform(s): PC game that came in a CD
Genre: Adventure (Maybe point and click).
Estimated year of release: Late 90's to early 2000s
Graphics/art style: 3D, Very polygonal, bright colors (Predominatle white, since it was a cruise ship), cartoonish.
Notable characters: Mother with bright hair (Maybe red or orange) and notable lipstic, father, young boy (Maybe blond hair) and a Magician/ilusionist. (The boy might have had a sister but i don't remember her looks).
Notable gameplay mechanics: You controlled where the boy could go (maybe it was a 3rd person control but i don't remember clearly). You had quick time events about actions (maybe dialogue options also). You could interact with objects and characters to trigger cutscenes.
Other details: It was a CD game to learn english vocabulary with voice acting. (Maybe by oxford or Mc Graw Hill) I vividly remember a small lifesaver float ring in the outer casing of the game. The game was located in a cruise ship at the sea where you could explore around. One thing that happened during the game that i can certainly remember was about the magician/ilusionist in the cruise ship that was trying to do a trick with a white glove but it didn't go very well (probably because the boy pranked the magician). I didn't play the whole game but the last thing I remember vaguely is that the mother scolded the boy for the prank and the boy apologizing with the Magician/illusionist.
It would be nice if at least someone else remembered playing this game.

Hi,
I'm starting a CS postgraduate program at Oxford this October. I'm interested in taking advanced English classes to improve my "business" English. I haven't studied English beyond school(English is my third language), and as I advance in my career I'm finding that having a strong grasp of specific vocabulary and phrases is increasingly important in my career. Are there any affordable(or open) English classes at Oxford for students like me? I've noticed that classes for non-students are quite expensive.
Thanks in advance!

I wrote this for anyone who is considering purchasing TechnoTutor, joining Self Perfected, or anyone involved with Self Perfected/TechnoTutoDesteni who might be questioning if it's right for them.
TechnoTutor is one of the many rapid serial visual presentation software that helps improve reading speed. Self Perfected is a community that sells TechnoTutor and claims that it will "end child abuse" and "change the system".

TechnoTutor is Overpriced and There Are Free Tools That Serve the Same Purpose

TechnoTutor is a software that uses rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), which is the flashing of stimuli at a high speed. In TechnoTutor, a word, letter, or phrase is presented for less than 500ms. TechnoTutor supposedly contains all of the words from the Oxford dictionary. They claim that it subliminally integrates the words into your subconscious and "opens your natural learning ability", improves comprehension, and increases reading speed, enabling users to learn faster.
TechnoTutor operates on a structured system of word lists, categorized into different levels. As you progress through each level, you'll be flashed with every word within the list. This process includes vocalizing the word, writing it down, typing it out, and finally reading its definition sourced from the Oxford dictionary. The Self Perfected members and TechnoTutor cofounders claim that by using TechnoTutor daily, we are "purifying words", "reprogramming the subconscious mind", and "integrating the words into our subconscious".
Whether TechnoTutor is effective or not, TechnoTutor charges their customers over $7,000 for functionality that already exists for free, and it is in no way an original idea. Tools like Accelareader, Spreeder, Brillkids, and Swift Read possess the same functionality.
Instead of paying $7,000, individuals can simply use Brillkids, Accelareader, or Spreeder for free, google the Oxford definition of the words they're flashing if they desire, then use the notes app on their laptop to write the words/phrases back. TechnoTutor can easily be replicated by asking ChatGPT. My gut tells me it's not best to charge people who are already financially struggling, a high price for a free and unoriginal idea.
According to one TechnoTutor's leading distributors, TechnoTutor provides the same value as a Tachistoscope, which can be bought on Ebay for $500-$700. To his point, TechnoTutor is overpriced. Personally, I have experienced no results from using TechnoTutor daily.

Free/Affordable Online Tools that Have Similar Functionality as TechnoTutor:

https://www.brillkids.com/teach-reading/
https://www.brillkids.com/pop-up/videos/product-lr-quick-tour-youtube.php
https://accelareader.com/
https://swiftread.com/
https://www.spreeder.com/
https://irisreading.com/course/speed-reading-foundation-course/

• BrillKids’s Little Reader Software appears to be a very similar to TechnoTutor designed for children. Both use high speed visual imprinting. LittleReader is a prime example of how to sell TechnoTutor in a way that is ethical and closer to “best for all”, parents can teach their babies to read without putting themselves into deeper financial pressure. Watch this video or check out their website.
• Accelareader is completely free, and the UI is drastically different from TechnoTutor, but the core functionality of flashing a string of text is accessible for free. You can adjust the speed of the words flashed, and TechnoTutor does not have this functionality, nor will they tell you the rate at which they flash the words. You can use any words you’d like, similar to the Customs List on TechnoTutor. It takes in any input you give it. You can use this tool just like TT Basics list by flashing any word, looking up the Oxford definition on Google, then writing the word back in a notes app.

False Advertising

Self Perfected uses false advertising tactics to convince their members into buying tickets to their events. They charge a high amount for the ticket to attend, then use deceptive sales tactics on the zoom calls (Self Perfected hosts weekly zoom calls on Fridays, and various other zoom meetings if you purchase TechnoTutor), claiming that the tickets are selling out fast or almost sold out, and that you should buy immediately when they are in fact not close to being sold out. I was informed of this by members that are close with the distributors that run the zoom calls and have witnessed it personally.
Misrepresenting the availability of a product in order to create a sense of urgency and pressure consumers into making a purchase is a form of deceptive marketing. I witnessed this last year when they were promoting the San Diego event on a their Friday zoom. The facilitator on the Friday zoom call claimed that the tickets were "selling out fast" and won't be for sale much longer, and unfortunatley, I purchased the ticket out of pressure, only for them to keep selling tickets for the next couple of months.
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) enforces laws against deceptive advertising under Section 5 of the FTC Act. This law prohibits unfair or deceptive acts or practices in commerce, including false or misleading representations about the availability, characteristics, or benefits of a product. "Unfair methods of competition in or affecting commerce, and unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce, are hereby declared unlawful."
This could also potentially raise legal concerns under various other consumer protection laws and regulations: * Deceptive Trade Practices Act (DTPA): Prohibits false, misleading, or deceptive acts or practices in the conduct of trade or commerce. Making unsubstantiated claims about the benefits of a product, such as the ability to reprogram the subconscious mind, could potentially violate the DTPA if it is found to be deceptive. * False Advertising: If TechnoTutor is making false or misleading claims about the product's capabilities or benefits, ex. TechnoTutor will make you rich, this could constitute false advertising. If the company claims that its product can reprogram the subconscious mind without providing substantiated evidence or research to support these claims, it could be considered false advertising. * Consumer Protection Laws: Selling a product at an inflated price without providing sufficient value or making false claims about its benefits could potentially violate these laws.

So, why is the price for TechnoTutor so high?

I have witnessed multiple members claim, "The price is high because they get access to the community". However, the Self Perfected community comes free to those who simply join the Facebook group, local club houses, and/or the Self Perfected zoom calls every Friday.
My favorite excuse is, "The price is high because they plan to invest the money into buying company shares". The cofounders of TechnoTutor profited millions since it was founded. I was told on multiple occasions that the profits of TechnoTutor will be used to invest into "changing the system" and that is why the price of TechnoTutor and its various levels are so expensive. They continually raise the price for TechnoTutor and their licenses without having a real financial goal/plan to buy out anything, nor do they make any visible improvements to the software itself. I have asked on multiple occasions, "If the cofounders really want more people to use TechnoTutor, why do they charge so much?"
A member told me, "If people spend that much money on it, then they'll be more motivated to use the tool, and if it is cheap, no one will want to use it consistently." Suggesting that charging a higher price for this product to motivate consumers to use it more consistently is considered very deceptive.

TechnoTutor is Mostly “Effective” for Children

When individuals ask for proof that TechnoTutor is effective, the first thing they will do is bring up the "TT children" and how intelligent they are. These children were raised using TechnoTutor regularly and homeschooled in a stable environment. In my opinion, it is not surprising that their children were more intelligent than your average child when you compare them to today's children that were raised by the system. I mean no offense to the "TT children", but it's not fair to use them as a sales tactic for being drastically more intelligent than today's kids that were raised by Ms. Rachel and baby shark.

Are the TT kids actually that smart?

The reality is, the cofounder's children, and many of the kids involved with the Self Perfected community were raised with intention and most kids weren't. The average child gets separated from their parents at a young age, raised in a daycare, then placed into the school system as soon as age 3. The average child is not being raised to become a genius, and we all know that the school system wasn't designed to make anyone a genius. It is simply unfair to compare the cofounder's son to today's children. Yes, he is intelligent. No, I'm not impressed. On the downside, the parents involved in TechnoTutor raise their children to such isolating extremities that will turn them into socially weird narcissists.
Having attended a few Self Perfected events, a couple of things stood out to me about the members. The parents allow their kids run to on stage and interrupt the speakers, take the mic, and actually start talking while the speaker is waiting to finish their presentation. The parents watch and do nothing about it. They believe that they should allow their kids to express themselves in any way, but in that sense, they aren't teaching them proper manners either. The TT children are worshipped in this community and the way they boost these children, in my opinion, isn't healthy because they will end up believing that they are superior to other children. The adults in this community actually take these kids' opinions to heart like they are "all knowing". They were literally seeking advice from kids that were 6 years old or young, and that's when I knew I was in a group of delusional individuals.
There is no doubt that the TT children are intelligent, and yes, they learned to read at a drastically younger age than most due to using TechnoTutor. However, that does not mean TechnoTutor was the only method that could lead to those results, nor does it justify charging $7,000. Again, there are free reading software programs that can produce the same results as TechnoTutor. Most likely, parents would get the same results using flash cards and showing it to the child. Until someone proves that's not true, I think my point remains. Anyone impressed by the children using TechnoTutor simply aren't asking enough questions, never met a stable child, and/or does not know how to do very basic research. With or without TechnoTutor, kids are sponges and will become proficient at anything the parents guide them to.

Some Members Are Playing a Role, Some Are Under The Placebo Effect

I have witnessed many individuals claim that every good thing that has happened to them since purchasing TechnoTutor, was because of TechnoTutor, and yet every realization they've had through using TechnoTutor could be reached through effective writing or by asking themselves the right questions.
I've seen individuals buy expensive things to maintain their reputation, purchase Instagram followers, and fake a perfect life on social media and use that to compare to their old lives and say that TechnoTutor changed their lives, while remaining in a financial crisis the entire journey.
Distributors who were under deep debt and financial pressure, told their leads that TechnoTutor will make them rich, while not being a living example of that.
Instead of training the distributors ethical and effective sales strategies, the cofounder trains the distributors to manipulate. He is creating a team of liars and manipulators. Today, most of these individuals lack the ability to be down to earth and actually question what they are doing.

Terrible Marketing, Outdated Sales Strategy, and Misrepresentation of TechnoTutor

Most successful businesses adjust their sales strategy and marketing based on the market, the type of leads, and many other variables.
TechnoTutor's marketing and sales strategy hasn't been changed, despite the many concerns that were raised about it in the past. The logo has always been the same and their social media accounts are never kept up-to-date. It seems like their only sales strategy is to buy a bunch of "technotutor" domains and create several websites promoting TechnoTutor to balance out the negative reddit reviews.
Strangely, members were told not to mention "TechnoTutor" in their online content as if there's something to hide. To avoid mentioning TechnoTutor or discussing its purpose until you trap them into a 3 hour presentation says a lot about the product AND the individual. It's like these individuals are doing the exact same things they're against, deceiving people.
Most individuals won't sit through a 3-hour presentation. What ends up happening is the presentation would either be broken up into multiple sessions, the leads ghost the distributor and don't buy, or they endure the presentation and still don't buy. This is a recurring pattern that isn't being addressed since they mostly treat sales as a numbers game rather than a strategic plan.
The average attention span is 8 seconds. It is common sense that a 3-hour presentation is not effective if we want TechnoTutor to be used by the majority of the people. If it takes 3 hours to explain the value behind your product, it is probably not so valuable and you should reconsider what you're selling.
The presentation is clearly targeted towards parents, and yet it's being presented like it is "best for all". They have no data to prove that except for the various testimonials from members, and they have no plans to change the presentation despite the high failure rate and no one questions that.
The distributors are not being trained to understand the product and the "research" behind the tool so that they can answer the common skeptical questions that come up. Instead, the cofounders they are training the distributors to gaslight their leads into buying. A common question is, "Are there any studies to back this up?", and all they say is that there's hundreds of years of research without giving it to you, mention the TT children, or they share dishonest "miracles" and changes they've personally experienced.
For example: One of the distributors claimed to have learned how to play the guitar in 45 minutes from using TechnoTutor, but they've actually been playing guitar since they were a kid.
Distributors are also trained on how to manipulate people who can't afford the technology or tickets to their events, putting people into deeper debt.
Saying things like "Everyone is in debt", "Money is debt", "What else were you going to spend your money on?" "You'll never have the money so you might as well buy it." "You'd rather spend your money on that than a tool that could change your life?" I couldn't help but think, who are these people to think they should dictate someone's financial decisions or what is best for them? While simultaneously not being a living example of a financially/mentally stable person.

The Sales Presentation is a Misrepresentation of What TechnoTutor Actually Is

Towards the end of the presentation, they will have you take a reading test. They make you read a document about the heart. Then, using what appears to be TechnoTutor, a series of strings are flashed on the screen. These strings had TWO words. One word, and the meaning of the word.
For example: itis = inflammation encephalon = brain
You'll flash these phrases three times then type them back. Naturally, you remember that itis means inflammation and encephalon means brain after typing it, saying it, and spelling it three times.
Then, they ask you what words like encephalitis means. Naturally, you understand that means brain inflammation. For a split second, I actually was impressed by my ability to comprehend these unfamiliar terms. Now, after having used TechnoTutor for a while, I understand that it was a false representation of what TechnoTutor really is. They simply did a memory exercise in the presentation, but TechnoTutor is not at all like that once you start using it.
In the presentation, they flashed BOTH the word and a one-word definition. When you buy TechnoTutor and use it, it flashes one word, and then you have to read the full Oxford definition. You simply can't remember the definition of every word, and some of them can be incomprehensible depending on your reading level. Just know that how TechnoTutor is used in the presentation, is not how your experience will be when you purchase it. This is another example of how they use False Advertising.

Deceiving Claims

“The profits will be used to change the system”

One of the things that attracted me to this community was their passion around changing the system.
I am confident that the cofounders combined have earned millions since the company was founded in 2013. Individuals are investing over $100k+ for a Regional Distributorship, and a small amount is left. Many License Distributorships/Area Distributorships/Regional Distributorships and copies of TechnoTutor were sold between now and 2013.
Knowing that, what are they waiting for?
To this day, I wonder why was no one has asked themselves: Why haven't they invested the money into anything other than throwing events? Notice how nobody is making investments outside of TechnoTutoSelf Perfected related products.
There are specific individuals in this community who plan to get involved in politics, and actually do great things that can make an impact. I have full respect for the select few members who are actually taking action and living their purpose, but that is a small percentage of individuals and it surely doesn't have anything to do with TechnoTutor. One of the cofounders once told a member whom was financially struggling, that they had to buy the ticket for one of the events they were throwing, despite not being able to afford it, because they had to be there and that the impact is worth more. Sadly, that individual left every event as the same person. Only with temporary feelings of positivity and motivation from being around people who love-bomb you.
For example, the 2023 San Diego Event cost around $400 to attend and nearly 200 people showed up. The $400 ticket was to simply be present at the event. It did not cover the hotel fee or any traveling fees. ~$80,000 was earned from that one event alone and they throw at least one per year, and sometimes additional smaller events during the year. I'm sure a nice portion of that money is used to cover the event fees like the various rooms they reserved, catering, etc.
Now they are charging $500 for the Miami trip. If 200 people show up, that's $100,000 profit, minus the fees for the event.
I simply do not align with how they overcharge and deceive their members by claiming that they are planning to change the system when most clearly don't have those intentions except maybe a few people who are actually trying to get into politics and it's not the cofounders.
The reality is, they don't plan on doing anything more than what they are doing right now. Nothing. Other than teaching you how to manipulate people.
I'm a firm believer that if you're going to dedicate your life to this community and using TechnoTutor, you should be informed of the cofounders' true intentions with the profits. Otherwise you're not much different from an employee, and from what I can see, a full time McDonald's worker is making more money than some of these distributors.

“TechnoTutor will end child abuse”

The founders of TechnoTutor claim that "TechnoTutor will end child abuse." If that's the case, ask yourself: Why aren't they promoting this impactful tool to a wider audience? Why are they avoiding mentioning TechnoTutor in online content? Why don't the cofounders help the distributors individualize the presentation based on the lead, instead of a 3 hour presentation that was CLEARLY designed for parents and not your average joe?
It's apparent that the goal was never for a huge amount of people to find out about TechnoTutor. Cults like this only succeed with small amounts of loyal people, but just enough for the people at the top to profit, and gain new members that come from those loyal people, rather than from anyone who could easily challenge them and their business model. More people will realize they are in fact false advertising and are likely to get involved in some serious legal issues if they scale too much.

“TechnoTutor will make you rich”

I've heard multiple members/distributors claim that TechnoTutor itself and/or buying a Licensed Distributorship/Area Distributorship/Regional Distributorship can make you "wealthy" and help you build the vocabulary of a wealthy person. Not a single person in this community is who I'd consider financially wealthy other than the co-founders and maybe individuals who bought the $100k+ Regional Distributorship.
There are members that present themselves as if they are financially wealthy through materialism, but behind the scenes they are in a financial crisis. I would not advise to anyone who is struggling financially to invest in this tool or any of the licenses not only because it's an overpriced dictionary that you can find online for free, but because nothing is guaranteed in return. Buying TechnoTutor and any of its distributorships is a huge gamble, especially if you don't have the skills to be a decent salesman.
Anytime I asked questions, I got responses like, "Look at my car", "Didn't she see our house?" or "Successful people invest thousands to make the money they do".
Wealthy people invest large sums of money into things that are likely to have a high success rate and return value. Let's measure that for TechnoTutor, shall we? If you are a distributor, take the total # of sales made and divide it by the total # of presentations. That's your success rate… that should tell you if this is a worthy investment of $7,000+. I've come to find that TechnoTutor alone will not give you the skills of a wealthy person. Wealth is developed through your actions and experience. Which can be driven by - who you surround yourself with, the content you consume, and who you are learning from. Not by self hypnosis, fake-positive thinking and flashing words and reading the definition. When/if you get any results, it will not be overnight or sustainable. I have not seen anyone get consistent results through using TechnoTutor and attending the calls.
The members are great at creating the illusion that anything good happening in their life is due to using TechnoTutor. They often disregard the action it takes to get results in anything and give all of the credit to TechnoTutor. No different from a religious person thanking God for something they did themselves. Completely ignoring the fact that most individuals are under deeper financial pressure than they would have been if they simply read a book and found a mentor.
While I was involved in this community, I've noticed that most don't make a sale more than once every 1–2 months. There are members who haven't made a single sale in months or at all and still convinced themselves this is "best for all".
I watched more individuals struggle financially and mentally, more than I have seen anyone in this group become wealthy.

Investigate All Things and Keep What is Good

This community lives by a set of principles originating from Desteni and one of them is to Investigate All Things and Keep What is Good, or I've heard it as "Question All Things and Keep What is Best". What I never understood is why they promote such a principle that gets abandoned immediately when the questions involve them or TechnoTutor. They push back on the only people who are actually trying to investigate things regarding TechnoTutor and the intent of the community. That's a common brainwashing tactic many cults use.
I've been made to feel guilty about my doubts, and that my questions are stemming from my trust issues or something that happened in my childhood. Saying things like, "Well have you put that in TechnoTutor?" "Have you investigated where that question is coming from?" "You need to trust yourself first." "How can you trust this process when you don't trust yourself?" "When was the first time you experienced this emotion?" As if any of that is relevant to why I am having these observations. These manipulative tactics began to affect how I normally thought and distracted me from my original observations because it made me feel like there was something wrong with me for having these thoughts.
Being in Self Perfected was one huge, exhausting brain fuck. I overanalyzed certain things about myself that weren't relevant to the problems I was noticing in the community and I gained a ton of clarity by taking a step back, snapping out of the over-analyzing spell they cast on their members, and looked at this community for what it really is.
Telling your members to flash "I understand TT" when you experience doubt, instead of answering their questions, was a huge red flag to me and I'm very disappointed that I allowed someone to instill these thoughts in my head. I am grateful that nothing could brainwash me to ignore the obvious truth, even when I tried to, just so that I felt like I could fit into this community and keep my relationship.
They've mastered the ability to use your past or certain personality traits against you when the time is right. And they've glorified and redefined the concept of a cult to make you feel okay with being in what is clearly a cult. They say "everything's a cult" like a church or a group of people with similar beliefs, but forgetting the main difference which is that:

• They charge people thousands to be involved and you're not guaranteed results in the end.
• If you don't buy tickets to their events they gaslight you into purchasing, saying that it'll be "life-changing" and that "if you really wanted to make it happen you would".
• They share information that you could otherwise find by doing research or reading a book.
• They don't encourage or empower you to question things if it involves them.
• Majority of the members themselves are too brainwashed and aren't open minded enough to consider information/opinions outside of the group
• They look down on people without TechnoTutor as if they are superior, when most of them have the same problems as everyone else
• Members will quickly cut off family members and close friends for not being involved in the community
• They encourage their members to date members only
• They want you to isolate yourself from anything that brings you further from making a TechnoTutor sale.

I even heard the cofounder speaking on a zoom call complaining about people who doubted the tool and said "If you're not seeing results and you don't think it works, then leave".
I advise to anyone who wants to use this tool (or any tool) for the rest of their lives, and encourage their kids to use it daily, then you are responsible for asking about know the why's and the how's. One should never take things at face value. Just because there are testimonials and YouTube reviews (made by the distributors), doesn't make it a success for everyone, and I simply will not make my future children use something just because of the results other people got.
If the co-founders and distributors had honest intentions, they'd have no problem sharing the "hundreds of years of research" behind the tool since it's not secret information, and anyone with half of a brain would ask to see it. The reality is, skeptics who question things often can't be manipulated or molded to be loyal agents for these communities, hence why they never last in cult-like groups. The government treats conspiracy theorists the same way Self Perfected treats their skeptics. Let that sink in.
Instead of admitting they only want moldable people in their community, they say that you must be "teachable". By teachable, they present it as if they mean someone who's willing to learn. But that's not really what they mean, or else I would have fit in the group perfectly. I probably asked the most questions than anyone there. By being teachable, they are referring to someone gullible enough to regularly use TechnoTutor without question, sell it, then buy a license. Teachability is measured by whether you believe in their teachings and their teachings only.
Unfortunately, both TechnoTutor and these licenses (LD, AD, and RD) are being presented to people with a lower vocabulary and ones who don't have the skillset to become wealthy or question their intentions. This is not a jab at those people, but at the corruption of the clear intent of the folks "at the top" of this pyramid scheme. If the distributors were trained to understand the "research" behind TechnoTutor, then they can better answer the questions they're hit with by leads, especially the smarter leads who ask legitimate questions about the studies/research behind TechnoTutor. For example, I observed that these distributors can only sell TechnoTutor to individuals up to a similar IQ/vocabulary. I witnessed a distributor gaslight someone for asking a legitimate question. For example, someone asked, "How is this going to make me rich and successful when no one in this group is rich except the cofounders?" And he responded, "Dude, have you seen my car?" (The car he couldn't afford). Obviously he didn't make the sale because this person had common sense, and gaslighting is a complete turn off to anyone smart. Overall, I've noticed this recurring pattern where folks start to question things, and the members/distributors don't respond well. And instead of being trained on how to respond in an ethical, honest way with facts, they're trained to play mind games with their leads, and guilt-trip them into buying. They seem to be caught under a spell, and no longer possess the ability to empathize.
Throughout all this time, I just kept wondering different variations of the same questions: What's wrong with questions like this and why is no one able to answer them when they are extremely simple? Why does every question I ask lead back to my past or childhood? Why do they only answer in metaphors? Wouldn't we want to sell this to people who ask questions like this? Wouldn't we want to attract more people in this community who "question all things and keep what is best?" Why do we shy away from these types of people? Why aren't we encouraging people to understand the research so that we can attract different types of people into the group? As a group that claims to value vocabulary building, why don't you want them to expand their vocabulary on the wonders of TechnoTutor and how it works?
And after having all of these questions for a year straight, and flashing them in TechnoTutor, my common sense kicked in.

Anyone Can Become a Distributor

Reminder, this community claims that they want to change the system by selling TechnoTutor, and yet, anyone can sell TechnoTutor regardless of their intentions and their knowledge set. Anyone can simply buy an entire area/region for the sole purpose of making money, and write a convincing letter. This made it clear that they are not as serious about their mission as I thought they were.
There are a limited number of licenses and I would assume, if they truly valued their mission, they wouldn't sell distributorships to anyone who writes a convincing letter. Actions speak louder than words, and they are making it clear that they only care about money. There are plenty of people who bought a license who are no longer affiliated with the group. They don't seem to distribute the licenses wisely, in a way that ensures TechnoTutor is spread properly.
In a hypothetical world, let's say that the real purpose of TechnoTutor is to end child abuse and save lives. If someone who's ignorant sells it (can't answer questions about the tool, has poor sales skills, etc), they could be spreading the wrong information about it, not helping Self Perfected reach this overall goal, or lead to more sales. It's clear to me that they are willing to sell these things to anyone, and that it's easier to sell this to someone who's ignorant than someone who isn't. And that is why the co-founders are okay with having distributors who aren't fully educated about how the product works, or how to be decent salesmen.
At the end of the day, this is a numbers game. 100 mediocre salesmen can still sell X amount of TechnoTutor copies per week to more ignoramuses, and the cofounders will still make a lot of money. While the individual distributors who are only making a sale here and there will remain stuck at their full time jobs or in a financial crisis, paying back the license they bought. This sounds familiar, doesn't it?

If TechnoTutor Could Actually Change Anything, It Wouldn’t Be Accessible

TechnoTutor alone won't change the system. This has been proven because there are already several tools that exist today that are more popular than TechnoTutor that possess the exact same functionality/purpose, and nothing has changed.
If TechnoTutor had the slightest ounce of potential to change the system, the elite would shut this tool down, and the various other rapid serial visual presentation products.
One of the cofounders and I were discussing how corrupt the elite are. He said something that stood out to me - when you start making up to a certain amount of money, someones gonna come knocking on your door and asking you to do some dark shit to keep your success… There's always a glass ceiling to how much an average person can make, and yet they're telling their members that they can become billionaires with TechnoTutor while completely disregarding: 1) What they know about the elite and how they operate. 2) No one in this group is a billionaire. This group is pure hypocrisy.
Self Perfected is doing the same thing the elite is doing to us, at a minor scale and convincing you they are doing what is best. As if they are in any position to dictate what is best.
(To continue reading, read Part 2)

Is there an easy way to do this? I have all the words imported into cards (using Kindle Mate Anki exports), but the default KindleMate definition is terrible, I would like to replace it with a proper definition. Thanks!

Evening, all.
Level 120 player here, who wasn't able to find any goofy 'nicheknights' comps / ideas that appealed to me, until I stumbled across / had the idea of 'Gunknights' (came up with it, found out it was already a goofy thing all on its own without my help).
General idea? If op has gun = viable for Gunknights. The definition me and a couple friends agreed upon is as follows:

Operator's art must depict a firearm, and/or they must use - in either auto-attack or skills - a firearm-styled weapon (implying the intent to harm), firing a projectile through the use of an external propellant, be it magnets, Originium, or conventional gunpowder.

Under these incredibly liberal, goofy, arbitrary rules, I've considered the following operators to be allowed:
Jessica the Liberated, Jessica, Vigil, Exusiai, Tachanka, Irene, Executor, Executor the Ex Foedere, W, Blitz, Liskarm, Insider, Frost, Ash, Melanite, Jackie, Absinthe, Ambriel, May, Enforcer, Spuria, Firewatch (w/ Icefield Messenger skin), Iana, Ela, Fuze, Doc, Horn + Firewhistle + Ashlock (as of the 1st Gunknights Amendment), Fiammetta, Catapult, Sesa (as of the 2nd Gunknights Amendment).
Absinthe and Vigil stretch the rules, since tmk I'm not 100% sure if those are actual firearms, or just Arts shenanigans (I still allow them because dammit it's my arbitrary ruleset and I make the rules). Andreana isn't included because her module specifically states that her 'rifle' is a specialty crossbow, and not a real firearm. W and Jackie are present purely because they have firearms in their art. May probably has a real firearm? Even if the one she uses may or may not be a taser, she has what looks to be a TEC-9-adjacent firearm in her E2 art, at her hip. After careful consideration, Melanite's railgun is a gun.
My question is this: are there any Operators that fall under the outlined rules that might be acceptable, that I might have missed?
This is entirely for fun, and I've had ridiculous conversations with friends over it including - but not limited to - asking whether or not Kal'tsit's syringe gun is a 'firearm-styled weapon'. Go wild.
​
EDIT: The following amendments have been made to the Gunknights Constitution.

1. Due to dictionary sources such as Vocabulary.com and Oxford Dictionary defining cannons as - paraphrasing - 'large guns', Fortress Defenders are technically Gunknights-permissible.
2. As they technically match the definition of 'gun' set forth by the Gunknights Constitution - and because cannons are allowed - grenade launchers are Gunknights-permissible.

​

In green is what did happen, in yellow what could technically count.

Letters sent this week from, to and about J.R.R. Tolkien.
JRRT to Oxford University Press - 11 March 1922 Tolkien writes on his delay and includes proofs for his A Middle English Vocabulary.
JRRT to Miss Turnbull - 11 March 1949 Tolkien informs Miss Turnbull that he will shortly have a short story, Farmer Giles of Ham, published. He also says that he has completed The Lord of the Rings.
JRRT to T.P. Dunning - 11 March 1963 Tolkien apologies to Dunning that Farmer Giles of Ham is really only "half a book".
Christopher Wiseman (wt comments from Rob Gilson - 11 March 1915 The TCBS would like to know why Tolkien is skipping meetings of the group.
JRRT to Houghton Mifflin - 12 March 1938 Tolkien suggests that Houghton mifflin find someone with better skills for additional illustrations connected to the look of hobbits.
JRRT to Nancy Smith - 12 March 1958 Tolkien writes to Nancy Smith on the matter of an index which many readers had asked for.
JRRT to John Bush - 12 March 1966 Tolkien thanks John Bush for a copy of Dune. He had already received one last year and did not like the book and says he is better to not comment on it.
Sam Gamgee to JRRT - 13 March 1956 A real life Sam Gamgee writes to Tolkien. He and his family had heard the BBC Radio production of The Lord of the Rings and were surprised to hear the name.
JRRT to Rayner Unwin - 14 March 1967 Tolkien writes, telling rayner Unwin that he does not want to take part in more interviews. He finds the list of questions from Mr. Salkey unsatisfactory and does not like the process very much.
JRRT to John Kettle - 15 March 1942 Among other things, Tolkien tells John Kettle that eh enjoys letters from readers.
JRRT to GA&U - 16 March 1949 It has been decided that Pauline Baynes will illustrate Farmer Giles of Ham. Tolkien is delighted with this news.
JRRT to GA&U - 16 March 1954 Tolkien sends maps to GA&U for The Lord of the Rings.

​

Affirmative Case / Nietchzche Anti-Democracy K

– Inherency –

1. Democracy is Undermined and Spiraling Into a Power Hungry State, Vote Aff to Prevent a Government of Authoritarian Regime

Rawlings- ‘21https://medium.com/p/10cd287f5544 June 6, 2021 Jackson Rawlings is a Philosopical Columist for Medium
But the more modern interpretation is one that views the will to power as a purely individualistic endeavour — that the goal of life is to become master of one’s own domain. Know thyself, struggle with thyself, and finally wrestle it into submission.
This interpretation is essentially placing Nietzsche as an uber-liberal. That the only true, legitimate politics is one which focuses on the individual, on the self, first. That not only are we to do what we want, but we MUST be free to do what we want. His greatest dislike was the herd mentalities of populism and nationalism. This, he felt, was always going to be where democracy fell down — that by manipulating the masses to think and act for a single common goal, the entire premise of democracy is undermined. There is a contemporary familiarity to his criticism here. The greatest problems democracy now faces are at least in part due to the re-exerting of nationalistic and populist tendencies into the discourse. The issue arises when any one of these institutions starts getting out of line — if the government sees an opportunity to grab more power, if the legislature gets lost in its own navel, if the voters get apathetic, or if the media cosies up to those in power — then cracks start to appear. When all of those things happen at once, democracy suddenly becomes super interesting, and super dangerous. When the democratic institutions begin to falter, it becomes easier for those who seek to undermine it, or exploit it — i.e. the nationalists and the populists — to grab hold. And because nationalism and populism are by their very nature, exciting, the political process becomes interesting again to voters. And because nationalists and populists seek to exert authoritarian power, the media cosies up even more. And because the nationalists and populists infiltrate the government and the legislature, they govern and create laws that make the whole thing more interesting — like removing term limits or locking people up. It’s all super exciting. And super dangerous. It’s not a cycle as such, more a spiral. And we’re currently circling the drain. So what would Nietzsche, innately wary of democracy, suggest as a solution — how can we reclaim our politics from the populists? It’s quite simple.

– Harms / Significance –

Harm One: Fascism

When Democracy is Short-Circuited Through Lobbying and Capitalist Intervention, it Creates a Fascist State

Marc Brodine- ‘20 https://www.cpusa.org/article/hitler-was-elected-myth-or-fact/ Marc Brodine is Chair of the Washington State CPUSA. A former AFSCME member and local officer
It’s true that Hitler’s Nazi Party was the single largest party and voting bloc in Germany in 1932–33. It’s also true that Hitler became Chancellor through constitutional means — that is, he was appointed to the office by Paul von Hindenburg, Germany’s president.
In this sense, German fascism was exceptional. Most other fascist regimes come to power through military means. In Italy, Fascist Squadristi, the infamous “Blackshirts,” marched on Rome, leading King Victor Emmanuel III to appoint Mussolini Prime Minister. Spain’s fascist dictator, Franco, came to power in a bloody civil war. In Portugal, Greece, Chile, Brazil, and Cuba military coups installed fascist rule. Germany’s case stands out by the degree to which Hitler and the Nazi Party used elections to develop a mass base. That’s when Hitler’s efforts to court Germany’s big capitalists paid off. Bankers and industrialists pressured Hindenburg to appoint Hitler to the office of chancellor. They did not make that decision based on Hitler’s electoral strength. In fact, it was after the Nazis had begun to lose votes, in November 1932, that they intervened. Many right-wing industrialists who had not previously supported the Nazis thought that this might be their last chance to exercise the fascist option, short-circuiting democracy to prevent the left from taking control. Hitler could not have come to power without the large section of German voters who rallied to his populist rhetoric and joined in his scapegoating of Jews and Communists for the capitalist crisis of the Great Depression. But it was not their votes that secured his power; nor was it their interests that guided his policies. He placed himself — his paranoia and megalomania, his rabid anti-Semitism, his promises of Aryan greatness sealed in a thousand-year Reich — at the service of Germany’s industrial and financial elite. In his ambition for total power, they saw an opportunity to crush Communists, socialists, trade unionists, democratic movements and institutions, and any other obstacles to the unchecked rule of property.

Harm Two: Foreign Devastation

1. The US Abuses Democracy to Monopolize, Incentivize War, Justify Murder, and Disregard International Treaties For Elitist Government with Hands in Every Country’s Back Pocket

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of The PRC- ‘20 https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjbxw/202302/t20230220\_11027664.html 2023-02-20 MFA News
The United States has developed a hegemonic playbook to stage "color revolutions," instigate regional disputes, and even directly launch wars under the guise of promoting democracy, freedom and human rights. Clinging to the Cold War mentality, the United States has ramped up bloc politics and stoked conflict and confrontation. It has overstretched the concept of national security, abused export controls and forced unilateral sanctions upon others. It has taken a selective approach to international law and rules, utilizing or discarding them as it sees fit, and has sought to impose rules that serve its own interests in the name of upholding a "rules-based international order." Instances of U.S. interference in other countries' internal affairs abound. In the name of "promoting democracy," the United States practiced a "Neo-Monroe Doctrine" in Latin America, instigated "color revolutions" in Eurasia, and orchestrated the "Arab Spring" in West Asia and North Africa, bringing chaos and disaster to many countries. Since then, the policies of successive U.S. governments toward Latin America and the Caribbean Region have been riddled with political interference, military intervention and regime subversion. From its 61-year hostility toward and blockade of Cuba to its overthrow of the Allende government of Chile, U.S. policy on this region has been built on one maxim-those who submit will prosper; those who resist shall perish. In January 2023, former U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo released his new book Never Give an Inch: Fighting for the America I Love. He revealed in it that the United States had plotted to intervene in Venezuela. The plan was to force the Maduro government to reach an agreement with the opposition, deprive Venezuela of its ability to sell oil and gold for foreign exchange, exert high pressure on its economy, and influence the 2018 presidential election. The United States has also been a stumbling block to biological arms control by opposing negotiations on a verification protocol for the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) and impeding international verification of countries' activities relating to biological weapons. As the only country in possession of a chemical weapons stockpile, the United States has repeatedly delayed the destruction of chemical weapons and remained reluctant in fulfilling its obligations. It has become the biggest obstacle to realizing "a world free of chemical weapons." The United States is piecing together small blocs through its alliance system. It has been forcing an "Indo-Pacific Strategy" onto the Asia-Pacific region, assembling exclusive clubs like the Five Eyes, the Quad and AUKUS, and forcing regional countries to take sides. Such practices are essentially meant to create division in the region, stoke confrontation and undermine peace. The history of the United States is characterized by violence and expansion. Since it gained independence in 1776, the United States has constantly sought expansion by force: it slaughtered Indians, invaded Canada, waged a war against Mexico, instigated the American-Spanish War, and annexed Hawaii. After World War II, the wars either provoked or launched by the United States included the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, the Kosovo War, the War in Afghanistan, the Iraq War, the Libyan War and the Syrian War, abusing its military hegemony to pave the way for expansionist objectives. In recent years, the U.S. average annual military budget has exceeded 700 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 40 percent of the world's total, more than the 15 countries behind it combined. The United States has about 800 overseas military bases, with 173,000 troops deployed in 159 countries.
While a just cause wins its champion wide support, an unjust one condemns its pursuer to be an outcast. The hegemonic, domineering, and bullying practices of using strength to intimidate the weak, taking from others by force and subterfuge, and playing zero-sum games are exerting grave harm. The historical trends of peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit are unstoppable. The United States has been overriding truth with its power and trampling justice to serve self-interest. These unilateral, egoistic and regressive hegemonic practices have drawn growing, intense criticism and opposition from the international community. Countries need to respect each other and treat each other as equals. Big countries should behave in a manner befitting their status and take the lead in pursuing a new model of state-to-state relations featuring dialogue and partnership, not confrontation or alliance. China opposes all forms of hegemonism and power politics, and rejects interference in other countries' internal affairs. The United States must conduct serious soul-searching. It must critically examine what it has done, let go of its arrogance and prejudice, and quit its hegemonic, domineering and bullying practices.

Harm Three: Structural Violence

1. Nietzsche’s Warns Against Democracy Being Exploited By Christan Morality to Create a Fragile State Ruled Through Aggressively Destructive Means

Egyed- ‘08 https://faithandleadership.com/david-p-gushee-christians-threaten-democracy-and-can-help-save-it April 8, 2008 Professor of Philosophy at Carleton University, Ottawa
The question is: If what I say represents Nietzsche’s position, why did he not make it more explicit? Part of the answer, surely, must be Nietzsche’s extreme suspicion of the masses as carriers of the pathogen of Christian morality. In any commerce with them, the higher types would be in danger of infection. For that reason they must keep their distance. They could not, as Connolly proposes, be engaged in “democratic politics”. Democratic politics might indeed be liberating for individuals, or groups of individuals, negotiating about divergent “hegemonic” interests, but such negotiations are fraught with great danger for the higher types. For that reason they must avoid them. Still, if my analysis here is correct, it does not follow from it that the higher types are politically irrelevant. They could, as I will show in a moment, help individuals in their becoming-persons – in achieving, as Connolly would say, “contingent identities”. Also, they could help in the drawing and re-drawing of socio-political horizons providing a limited, fragile place within which a true political militancy could evolve.

1. Christians Exploits Democracy to Suppress Racial Minorities, The LGBTQ+ Community, and Women to Create Authantarian Government

Ethicist Gushee- Feb 6 https://faithandleadership.com/david-p-gushee-christians-threaten-democracy-and-can-help-save-it David P. Gushee
That idea might once have seemed obvious, at least to American Christians. But, as Gushee argues in his new book, their support is wobbling. Indeed, he writes, Christians who favor authoritarian and reactionary politics “turn out to be among the leading threats to democracy in much of the world.”
But the rise of Donald Trump, and what I would describe as the moral devolution of his Christian followers, the rhetoric and practice of political violence as a routine feature of our politics, the assault on the Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021 — all of these feel categorically worse than anything I have witnessed before.DPG: The first term that is significant is “reactionary.” My proposal is that Christians in the West — Europe and the U.S. — have demonstrated a long-standing tendency to position themselves as reacting harshly, negatively, to cultural developments that they don’t like. This goes back to the very beginning of the modern world, the very birth of modern democracy and the liberalizing trends in culture, maybe as far back as the Enlightenment.
The women’s movement, the civil rights movement (if people are willing to be honest about that), abortion rights, the gay rights movement, the sexual revolution, the racial and ethnic pluralizing of American culture, the Supreme Court decisions setting limits on prayer and Bible teaching in public schools — you name it, right?
Political authoritarianism is the embrace of nondemocratic forms of government and politics such as dictatorships, autocracies, oligarchies, monarchies, or just the compromise of democratic checks and balances and principles.
You can be reactionary without being authoritarian. You can be reactionary without being Christian. You can be authoritarian without being Christian. But you put it all together — reactionary Christians embracing authoritarianism, bringing it into politics and contributing to democratic erosion or backsliding — that’s happening in the U.S. But it’s also happening in other countries as well.
They promise traditionalist Christians that their values will be protected and promoted, and [promise] to attack those groups whose greater rights and greater recognition have been gained in the last 50 or 60 years.
What these reactionary movements all tend to have in common is attacks on recently liberated groups or recently included groups, like women, divorced people, Jews, Muslims, atheists, immigrants, racial minorities who had been suppressed, gay people, etc.
And to say, “The problem is these people are all around us doing what they want to do in violation of the Christian values that ought to dominate the society. Trust me, turn to me, vote for me, support me, and I will suppress them and put them back in their proper place.”
And if that means that democratic civil liberties and processes have to be compromised to do that, then that’s a price worth paying.
In the West, democracy partly takes its origins from Christians trying new ways of governing themselves and Christians arguing, “We have demonstrated that we can govern ourselves; let us form our own polity in which we govern ourselves.” And that’s the birth of the United States of America.
Now, it was deeply flawed. Racism and slavery damaged American democracy from the beginning. But the roots of self-rule are to be commended and then extended to include everybody. Instead of interpreting every development since the 1960s as a negative reaction in a negative way, a better way to interpret a lot of what has happened since the 1960s is more and more people being included in the community on equal terms. That is in keeping with democracy, and Christians ought to be able to support that.

– Plan –

The Alternative is a Solely Republic State With Total Separation of State from Church and The Abolition of American Democracy

Plantext

The United States federal government should substantially increase fiscal redistribution in the United States by adopting a federal jobs guarantee, expanding Social Security, and providing a basic income following the abolition of the American-Democratic State and prioritizing the needs of Americans to effectively implement all three measures of the provided topic

Funding:

Normal Means

Agent of Action & Enforcement:

The American People
Funding Will Be Through Normal Means And We Reserve The Right to Define

– Definitions –

USFG

CAMBRIDGE DICTIONARY OF AMERICAN ENGLISH, 2nd Ed
Carol-June Cassidy, (Editor), 2008, 308.
Federal government: of or connected with the central government

Should

The Free Dictionary by Farlex
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/should
Should: 1. Used to express obligation or duty

Substantially

OXFORD DICTIONARY & THESAURUS
2007, 1032. Maurice Waite, (Editor),
Substantially: concerning the essential points of something

Increase

THE OXFORD DESK DICTIONARY AND THESAURUS, 2nd Ed.,
Elizabeth Jewell, (Editor), 2007, 415.
Increase: Advance in quality, attainment, etc.

Adopting

Vocabulary.com
https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/adopt
Adopt: take up the cause, ideology, practice, method, of someone and use it as one's own

– Solvency –

1. Founding Documents Set Precedence To Abolish Government Structure When life, Liberty, or The Pursuit of Happiness is Harmed

The Secretary of State - 1776
https://portal.ct.gov/SOTS/Register-Manual/Section-I/Declaration-of-Independence-US-Constitution
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed, by their Creator, with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.--That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate, that governments long established, should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.

I’m bilingual and one of my reading goals this year is to read more books in Spanish. I started reading contemporary and was doing fine but now I’m getting into classics where they use more complex and unknown vocabulary to me. Is there a good Spanish dictionary I can download for Kindle? I have kindle Paperwhite gen 10 that has the Oxford Spanish-English Dictionary but I’m looking more for a Spanish dictionary not a translation to English.
Thank you all!

A Critical Research Glossary for Aromanticism and Asexuality
The following glossary of terminology commonly used within aromantic and asexual communities is written for the purpose of adding more in the way of academic sourcing and critical commentary than is typical for these sorts of glossaries. In so doing, I adopt an essayistic style that I hope will serve as a jumping off point for future discussions.
What are (A)Romantic and (A)Sexual Orientations?
If you have spent any time within aro and ace communities, chances are that you are familiar with the lack of romantic and sexual attraction definitions, but what is attraction, and why define orientations in these terms? This is a surprisingly complex topic.
Psychological States as Motivational States
A crucial starting assumption within behavioural psychology is the theory of psychological states as motivational states, whereby the experience of certain psychological states functions to motivate associated actions. Thirst motivates drinking, hunger motivates eating, etc. Applying this interpretation, psychologists following a behaviouralist bent commonly understand romantic and sexual attraction to comprise the psychological cores of romantic and sexual orientation, respectively. In congruence with this paradigm, romantic and sexual orientations constitute enduring and stable patterns of experiencing romantic and sexual desires for individuals perceived as falling within the sex/gender configuration(s) towards which one is attracted. Surprisingly, however, despite their importance for our understanding of human nature, key terms like romantic attraction and sexual attraction remain poorly defined within the psychological literature. It is oftentimes simply assumed that everyone already knows what is meant by them. The following definitions are thus my synthesis from multiple sources (see writings by Helen Fisher, 1994/1995 and 1998; David Buss and David Schmitt, 1993; Cindy Meston and David Buss, 2007; Sara McClelland, Jennifer Rubin, and José Bauermeister, 2016; Anthony Bogaert, 2004, 2006, 2012/2015, and 2015; Ellen Van Houdenhove, Luk Gijs, Guy T’Sjoen, and Paul Enzlin, 2014 and 2015).
Companionate Attachment: Feelings of enduring affection that develop for those with whom our lives are closely entwined, including parent-child, sibling-sibling, and friend-friend emotional connections.
Romantic Attraction: Typically intense and largely involuntary feelings of infatuation with another person, finding oneself thinking about that person all the time, idealizing that person to the point of overlooking what to others would seem like obvious faults, and fantasizing about and desiring exclusive emotional closeness with that person.
Sexual Attraction: Typically intense and largely involuntary feelings of desiring sexual contact with another person, regularly fantasizing about encountering that person in various sexual scenarios, having a concomitant sense of finding fulfillment in the idea of partaking in those fantasies in real life.
Sexual Desire: Typically intense and largely involuntary feelings of desiring sexual stimulation, often to the point of climax, whether through solo or partnered sexual activity.
Sexual Arousal: Physiological responses in anticipation of sexual activity (similar to salivating in anticipation of eating), which may or may not be accompanied by corresponding mental states of sexual desire and sexual attraction.
Going off the above definitions, I will briefly comment on a few points of relevance for aro and ace communities. First off, there is a commonly recognized distinction between nonlibidoist asexuals who lack both sexual attraction and sexual desire and libidoist asexuals who only lack sexual attraction. For many allosexual people, however, these two psychological states may often be experienced as interrelated. One way of parsing the difference is through the observation that sexual desire has an object in the form of achieving climax to alleviate vexing feelings of horniness (similar to how thirst and hunger are dissatisfying states that point towards drinking or eating as the solution). Sexual attraction, by contrast, has more in common with states of aesthetic appreciation, in that it does not point towards achieving an object which would move one from that state to a better state. In other words, there is an easy solution to feeling horny (you can literally take matters into your own hands!), but there is no such easy solution to feeling sexually attracted to someone. Instead, it has been suggested that when people try to affect a state of sexual attraction, they do the same sorts of actions as they would to affect a state of sexual desire, only to find that since the sexual attraction state persists unperturbed, they must become ever more creative in their efforts, potentially leading to the formation of all manner of kinks and fetishes (for this phenomenological account, see writing by Bradley Richards, 2015).
This distinction between sexual attraction and sexual desire, furthermore, is the cornerstone for how behavioural psychologists distinguish between asexuality and sexual desire disorders, whereby the thinking is that people who experience sexual attraction are more likely to feel frustrated in the event of experiencing low libido, a finding which has received some empirical support through research applying the asexuality identification scale psychometrics evaluation. While it goes beyond the scope of this glossary to delve into details, I should briefly note that this distinction is rejected by feminist and queer theory authors who view asexual self-identification as an act of political resistance against the psychiatric construct of sexual desire disorders, and the ensuing debate has at times become acrimonious, both within the academic literature and on social media (for some discussion relevant to this vexing issue, see writings by Andrew Hinderliter, 2013; Morag Yule, Lori Brotto, and Boris Gorzalka, 2015 and 2015).
Turning to the aromantic side of the equation, the difference between friendship and romance is one of those recurring topics of perplexity within aro and ace communities. Following the definitions from behavioural psychology provided previously, we can see a difference in valence. Attraction (whether sexual or romantic) is understood to possess an immediacy, an exclusivity, an obsessiveness, an irrationality, which distinguishes it from other types of psychological states. Attachment is understood to encompass everything from parent-child to sibling-sibling to friend-friend emotional connections which display the enduring affection that arises from establishing a pattern of involvement and support within each other’s lives. There are some similarities, nonetheless, since friendship can spark into romance, and established romantic relationships are known to settle into companionate attachment. Yet at the same time, both within behavioural psychology and within common parlance, it would be unusual to describe friendly sentiments and platonic affiliations as involving attraction, since declarations of attraction are instead typically associated with confessing some rather scroungy infatuations.
Following off the above, I would like to address how some aro and ace glossaries have a tendency to postulate the existence of an exact romantic orientation equivalent for every facet of sexual orientation. We can see, however, that sexual attraction and romantic attraction are psychological states containing different intentional content, whereby sexual attraction is more closely associated with desiring to participate in specific activities commonly considered sexual, whereas by contrast romantic attraction involves strong desires of establishing emotional intimacy which can be achieved through various measures that are not as closely associated with any specific set of activities. To go from the opposite direction, if two disillusioned friends get drunkenly frisky with each other on Valentine’s Day, then they are likely to consider themselves to have had sex (although they may deny it publicly), yet if two disillusioned friends resign themselves to going out together for a fancy restaurant dinner date meal deal on Valentine’s Day, then they are unlikely to consider themselves to have had romance (although they may say publicly that they went on a date).
Continuing with this line of inquiry, we can not only see how sex is associated with a specific set of activities, but also how the activities falling within that set are objectively gross (the noise, the hair, the fluids spraying everywhere!). It is no surprise, therefore, that even some people who experience sexual attraction might feel sex-averse, while in the absence of sexual attraction people are likely to feel sex-averse or at least sex-indifferent. With that said, it remains possible that someone could have a favourable attitude towards engaging in partnered sex absent sexual attraction. Romance differs on this account because it does not have the same association with acts that are likely to test your disgust tolerance. But people might feel averse to romance in other ways, such as by disliking the obsessive intensity of the infatuation experience, or by resenting the prioritizing of romance in popular culture. Additionally, although it might be impossible for oneself to experience romance on account of lacking romantic attraction, one might nonetheless feel indifferent or favourable towards having a partner who experiences romance and who views the relationship in this fashion (for a discussion of attitudes towards personal engagement in partnered sex held by people on the ace spectrum, see writing by Jessica Hille, Megan Simmons, and Stephanie Sanders, 2020).
Aromanticism and Asexuality Community Terminology
Please note that there have been slightly differing competing definitions followed throughout aro and ace community history. The following is intended to reflect a range covering the most common usages (for an overview of the evolution of aro and ace community vocabulary, see writing by Andrew Hinderliter, 2016).
Aromanticism: Lack of romantic attraction, lack or low degree of romantic attraction, lack of romantic attraction to other humans.
Grey-Aromanticism: Minimal romantic attraction too limited to motivate romantic interactions, romantic attraction conflicted by romance-aversion, an amount of romantic attraction perceived as lower than average.
Demiromanticism: Romantic attraction that develops only after the prior establishment of a friendship connection.
Aegoromanticism: Disconnect between oneself and one’s romantic fantasies, such as by having romantic fantasies that take the form of third person scenes of generic characters or nonhuman characters, without any accompanying sense of involving oneself in the action in real life.
Alterous Attraction: Attractions that are perceived as blurring the lines between categories or as fluctuating between categories, such as by experiencing attraction that feels borderline between friendship and romance.
Asexuality: Lack of sexual attraction, lack or low degree of sexual attraction, lack of sexual attraction to other humans.
Grey-Asexuality: Minimal sexual attraction too limited to motivate sexual interactions, sexual attraction conflicted by sex-aversion, an amount of sexual attraction perceived as lower than average.
Demisexuality: Sexual attraction that develops only after the prior establishment of a romantic or emotional connection.
Aegosexuality: Disconnect between oneself and one’s sexual fantasies, such as by having sexual fantasies that take the form of third person scenes of generic characters or nonhuman characters, without any accompanying sense of involving oneself in the action in real life.
Taking into account the above definitions, I would like to briefly highlight a few points that require elaboration. To acknowledge an initial commitment, I have decided to limit this glossary to terminology that both fits within established paradigms backed by psychological research and that has a widespread history of usage within aro and ace communities. There is a subculture surrounding the creation of nouveau identity labels that has developed for self-expression amongst the tween to teen demographic on social media. In light of this trend, sometimes attempts at creating aro and ace glossaries become mired in misguided efforts to cover every single notion about romance and sexuality that has ever been uploaded to a micro blog or wiki list.
Somewhat relatedly, I would also like to tread carefully around a tendency within aro and ace communities to describe every form of interpersonal connection in terms of attraction. It is, for example, common within these communities to talk about aesthetic attraction and sensual attraction and friend crushes (also known as squishes) and platonic attraction. This vocabulary has some utility. Questioning asexual people can be advised that wanting to cuddle with someone of pleasing appearance does not always entail sexual attraction. Questioning aromantic people can be advised that feeling excitement over new friendships does not always entail romantic attraction. Yet there is a drawback to this vocabulary because it can create the misleading impression that all these forms of interpersonal connection manifest with the same intensity and define orientations in the same manner as sexual and romantic attraction. This tracks neither with the psychological literature nor with common parlance, where terms like attachment and appreciation would typically be used instead. Two heteroromantic heterosexual friends of the same sex/gender, for example, might recognize that each has nice features and might partake in hugging or cuddling together, but they are unlikely to draw semantic equivalencies with the attraction felt towards sexual and romantic partners.
While the above paragraph focused on distinctions, it also provides a segue into a discussion of sexual fluidity involving research suggesting that friendship, romance, and sexuality can overlap and blend into each other in ways that might be relevant to understanding concepts like alterous attraction and demi orientations (for this account of sexuality fluidity, see writing by Lisa Diamond, 2003). The sexual fluidity concept follows the observation that friendship connections sometimes develop into romantic feelings and romantic feelings sometimes develop into sexual feelings. Such a transition could happen inside an orientation category (say a heteroromantic heterosexual woman becoming attracted to a male friend whom she initially found physically undesirable) or outside an orientation category (say a heteroromantic heterosexual woman becoming attracted to one of her female friends). This potential exists because sexual attraction is more closely tied to sex/gender traits and other immediately apparent characteristics, while romantic attraction and companionate attachment are more closely tied to personality traits and other eventually apparent characteristics, plus all these states are also tied to each other in that one can be the cause of another. While it is unclear how common it is in practice, there is some evidence to suggest these sorts of transitions can happen to certain individuals in appropriate circumstances. Sexual fluidity might provide an explanation for demi orientations, including two potentially differing permutations that I have come across through conversations on the topic. Some report feeling obliviously indifferent towards all sex/gender categories, but with the potential to find any one person attractive after having first formed the requisite bond. Others report feeling aware of being oriented towards a particular sex/gender category, but they do not find anyone falling within that category to be attractive before forming the requisite bond.
In keeping with the essayistic tone of this glossary, I would like to conclude with some food for thought. So far, I have been following the attraction-centric accounts of orientation that are favoured within behavioural psychology. Within this paradigm, it is commonly assumed that people’s sexual and romantic preferences will correlate with their sexual and romantic attractions, although it is recognized that there can potentially be some divergence. This recognition has become a point of contention amongst analytic philosophers who concern themselves with matters of gender and sexuality. The result is a split between those who maintain the psychological state view whereby orientation is understood to be something intrinsic to an individual’s subjectivity (represented by Esa Díaz-León, 2022), and those who instead advocate an alternative view that tracks an individual’s relationship preferences within their social milieu (represented by Robin Dembroff, 2016). This alternative view would entail, for example, that someone who is exclusively attracted to members of the opposite sex but who has some convoluted reason for exclusively preferring same-sex partners is in fact same-sex oriented. Debate ensues because people’s intuitions are likely to split at this juncture. Should attraction be the sole criterion or should orientations be viewed holistically?
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