27f currently 23 weeks 4days pregnant. I’ve had an overall healthy pregnancy this time around (previously had early labor at 26 weeks 0 days and gave birth to a 830g baby girl who is doing good at 4yrs now) I had a cervical cerclage placed at 15 weeks to prevent cervical issues I previously had. Until then everything was perfect. At my 18 week appointment they told me the baby was small which wasn’t concerning as myself and husband are small. My 4yr old was also small but she stayed between the 15th-48th percentile. They told me that my baby is in the 12th percentile and I had my anatomy scan a few weeks later at 21 weeks 2 days and she had dropped to the 10th percentile. Her weight remained in the 12th percentile (356g) and everything else was averaging the 30th percentile so perfectly normal. All of her body is proportional and everything is well developed as it should be but her AC(abdominal circumference) was small in the 10th percentile which is cause for concern of IUGFGR(Inter uterine growth restriction/ fetal growth restriction) we have not been diagnosed yet but are borderline and I’m freaking out. The doctors said there isn’t really anything we can do but let her grow and monitor her growth. We have a repeat growth scan in 2 weeks and I’m so nervous. The doctors said it could be a placental issue or cord issue which they saw thick placenta and good blood flow on the normal US but would need a more advanced one to see any issues but I’ve been on baby aspirin due to my previous cervical issue which they said could be helpful if it’s a blood flow issue but the waiting is killing me and I’m hopeful that someone out there will have some experience to share or advice. I’m trying to think positive and just remain hopeful but with limited information that’s hard to do

Background
Demographic: White, male, age 30, 5' 5", 175 +/- 5lbs.
Lifestyle: Active (workout 3-4x per week), Desk/Physical work split of 90/10%.
Complaint: Abdominal injury and pain (1 year and 8 months since injury), presently inconsistent pains levels between 3-5/10 and consistent lingering discomfort (1-2/10).
Medication: No consistent medications, no allergies.
Drug use: alcohol (1-3x per month), non-smoker.
History of the Injury
Late August of 2022, I hurt myself doing a kip on horizontal bar outdoors. Right after raising my feet to the bar and kicking my legs out I felt a sharp pain in my abdomen. (I've done this and similar moves many times before through my 20s, while exercising)
Bar kip example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YRPFWdelsDY
I couldn't stop slouching and crunching my abdomen. Stretching backwards and straightening my posture was very discomforting. The severe pain subsided in a day but in the following months I couldn't stretch my stomach and had to sleep on my back with pillows under my knees to keep a flexed/crunched posture. Sleeping on the side was discomforting, because the stomach would hang to the side, bringing up the pain.
In 3 months, I felt better. However, there were always some flare-ups of pain.
Pain Description: The pain always feels along "horizontal lines", on 1-3 locations at a time, around the belly button level, below, or above it, with varying intensity of pain. Through my personal touch/observation, these horizontal lines of pain are always along tendinous inscriptions of the ab structures. Sometimes I feel lower 1 or two lines in pain. Other times it’s one of the upper line(s).
Tendinous inscriptions image: https://test.usabcd.org/courses/lk-native-ld2-basic-ugra/lessons/lknative-rectus-sheath-block/topic/3-anatomy-the-rectus-abdominis-muscle/
Causes of Pain from Movement: Pain flare-ups happen when moving heavy objects rapidly (without prior prep), pulling something heavy from ground, rapidly stretching the abdominal area, or a day after the occasional exercise. Jumping and landing on ground from 1 ft. or above can make me brace my abdomen, leading to some pain as well. Twisting my torso side to side could also make pain worse, stretching one side of the abdomen, especially if twisting in my full range. Slight turns are okay.
Causes of Pain from Food: Flare-ups also happen immediately after eating specific foods, like sunflower seeds, nutty bars, and when a bit bloated from eating. Trigger of this pain doesn't need to be a substantial amount of food either. Sometimes just a bite or two gets the sensation going.
Pain Relief: Often immediately after having bowel movement there is some pain relief. If pain is not too intense, and more of a discomfort, bowel movement can sometimes end the discomfort
Medical History and Pain Progress Timeline

• September 2022, within a week of the injury, ruled out hernia at a clinic.
  
• 3+ months of slow pain relief, with flare ups. Mostly sedentary life and very little physical activity.
  
• Late December 2022 through early February 2023: Doctors visit, abdominal ultrasound, and physical exam. No specific conclusions on either physical injury or gastric issues. No diagnosis.
  
• February to June 2023:
  

Slow increase in physical activity and exercise. Some running. With a good warm up, stretching the abdominal area isn't too painful (though I did not stretch the area at this time)
Rare ab exercises can feel discomforting, and some pain returns the day after.
Jumping high or landing from high jumps/drops can bring about the pain or worsen it.
Bloated stomach, or consumption of some foods (as mentioned above) can feel discomforting or even painful along 1 or more " horizontal lines". Bowel movement often relieves discomfort and even pain.

• July 1st, 2023, MRI of abdomen. No diagnosis or findings. Quote from the report: "IMPRESSION: Normal noncontrast MRI of the abdomen. There is no abnormality to explain the patient's pain."
  
• August 2023, start of physical therapy. Therapist's hypothesis - myofascial layer causes pain. Prescribed exercises to do at home with light stretch and some balance/strengthening of abdomen.
  
• August 2023, start of journaling of my pain in 1-10 scale on daily basis, as I do the PT.
  
• September 26, 2023, endoscopy was done, no notable results. Results were normal
  
• August 2023 - March 2024, pain fluctuates with steady 2/10 (pain discomfort) with multiple flare ups of pain, one reaching up to 5/10 and lasting and others staying at 3/10 or higher for 2-3 days in a row.
  
• April 2024, colonoscopy revealed no remarkable results. 1 week post colonoscopy pain levels increased to an all time high or close to it (5-6/10). Mostly pain along tendinous intersections, in 3 locations, with some lower right and left abdomen pains, burning sensation around or above bladder, and other discomforts. No issues with bowel movements or peeing.
  

Post colonoscopy I did not return to physical activities and PT as the pain lingers on and is too consistent and limiting to do much in terms of consistent exercise.
Self-medication: On a few occasions, I tried to apply heat or cold, which didn’t help with pain much. But the cold helped numb things down. Heat helped to warm the abdomen and make some movements easier for a short time.
Rare/inconsistent instances of ibuprofen use (around 400-600 mg). Can't remember how effective pain relief is.
Massage/poking: Generally, I do it when I feel pain or discomfort along the horizontal lines. Massage, poking, deep massage does NOT reduce the pain for me. Sometimes even makes me feel the pain more. But mentally feels good to do and feel out where I feel it.
Present day condition (May 2024)
Some pain flare-ups with physical activities, infrequent feeling of discomfort after food (for both, often relieved through bowel movement).
Concern: While pain level has overall gone down since 1.5 years ago, I am not certain what I should and should not do, given there is no diagnosis or clear understanding of cause of pain. The occasional pain increases made me curious if someone had an experience with pain like this. Doctor's appointment all have lead to little to no improvement.
Additionally, I sense a lot of dismissiveness in all the doctors and specialist for this entire timeline described above, where with no results to show on diagnostic tests, I am sent home to "rest" without any hypothesis or brainstorming, and telling me "come back if pain gets worse". It gets worse and I run another round of catching doctors for, what feels like, waste of time with more tests, same questions and same story being told over and over to each new referred specialist I see.
Note: I asked the doctors on multiple occasions to review the MRI images or query a radiologist to do so as there are 100s of frames. I genuinely don't believe that initial look at it was done properly, with only 1 page report showing "unremarkable" for all metrics they looked at. I don't sense that my pain patterns (which I described extensively to every doctor and the radiologist) were accounted for when looking through any of the tests done.
Thanks in advance for any feedback!!!
[Previously posted on with no luck so far.]

Hello - I’m very concerned after an MFM appointment yesterday, where the doctor didn’t seem shocked at my 18mm (1.8 cm) cervix with slight funneling at 25 weeks.
This appointment was a follow up since I have pretty severe white coat syndrome and chronic hypertension, so it was just an ultrasound check. But since I’ve come across so many stories about cervix issues, I asked if they could measure my cervix. It was at around 41mm at my 20 week anatomy scan (abdominal scan), and then all of a sudden, 18mm yesterday at 25 weeks. She had a hard time seeing clearly with the abdominal scan, so I did get a transvaginal.
I was shocked that the Dr. didn’t seem concerned. I’ve already been taking this entire pregnancy easy, with slight walking and no intercourse at all because I had a ton of spotting up until 17 weeks. I reached out to the other MFM doctor for an opinion as well as my OB to see if bed rest and progesterone should be done. I know it’s too late for a cerclage. Waiting to hear back.
Just freaking out and wondering what you all think? Any advice would be appreciated. Thank you. I’ve also posted this on shortcervixsupport.

Hello - I’m very concerned after an MFM appointment yesterday, where the doctor didn’t seem shocked at my 18mm (1.8 cm) cervix with slight funneling at 25 weeks.
This appointment was a follow up since I have pretty severe white coat syndrome and chronic hypertension, so it was just an ultrasound check. But since I’ve come across so many stories about cervix issues, I asked if they could measure my cervix. It was at around 41mm at my 20 week anatomy scan (abdominal scan), and then all of a sudden, 18mm yesterday at 25 weeks. She had a hard time seeing clearly with the abdominal scan, so I did get a transvaginal.
I was shocked that the Dr. didn’t seem concerned. I’ve already been taking this entire pregnancy easy, with slight walking and no intercourse at all because I had a ton of spotting up until 17 weeks. I reached out to the other MFM doctor for an opinion as well as my OB to see if bed rest and progesterone should be done. I know it’s too late for a cerclage. Waiting to hear back.
Just freaking out and wondering what you all think? Any advice would be appreciated. Thank you.

A lot of write posts about peoples experience with their Bi-Salp helped me prepare for mine so I thought I would post about my personal experience!!
So about three years ago, I got my copper IUD placed. I didn’t want to try any hormonal birth control because I tend to be hormone imbalanced, considering I got my period when I was nine years old and I already had ovarian cyst when I was 12 I didn’t want to add to the mix. For the first two years of me having it because my wedding ended up getting postponed due to Covid January 2023, I got married started my first year with the copper IUD being actually sexually active. I always loved my IUD because of the presence of no side effects. Other than the fact that my periods were terrible my periods would fluctuate from being seven days to eight days to 14 days to 20 days long. Throughout the month, I would always spot and have random cramping and then on the day cycle or the day leading up, I was already spotting a lot.. I would take 800 mg of ibuprofen every four hours for the entirety of my period because I could not Barrett all of this medication definitely affected my gut health. Towards the fall of last year, I felt like my cycles were getting a little lighter. Finally I thought I’m about to be three years with this may be it will be regulating a little more soon even with the copper had an extreme paranoia of anxiety, but I didn’t realize how extreme my anxiety is now that this risk of getting pregnant I felt was so prevalent, even though I had a obsess over people and I didn’t use any other form of birth control like condoms because I didn’t really like how it felt. I was always paranoid sitting on the toilet for hours waiting for everything to come out not doing anything for two weeks out of the month I include my period and then my ovulation week because that would also make me more paranoid. The last few months of a light cycle I got the worst cycles I had ever gotten they lasted about three weeks with giant clotting and in general I would always be having to wear. Diapers. I would wear a diaper with a pad on the inside of it and I would go through that every hour and a half so my blood loss was intense after my cycle I would get super lightheaded and the worst part is that I have always been chronically anemic my whole life I’m also vegetarian. I don’t eat meat.. It was a perfect storm. The anemia was being affected by the IUD blood loss and then I was diagnosed with heavy menstrual hemorrhaging. so in January, I decided to go to the doctor and see if there was any other options. Still, I knew that birth-control with hormones was not some thing I wanted. I was referred to a minimally, invasive, OB/GYN surgeon, and I asked about getting a Bi-Salp. he spoke to me about the whole process, and I was very excited that day we decided to take my IUD out, which thankfully was not as painful as the torturous insertion. His plan was let’s see how my natural cycle after. Take the IUD out if my bleeding regulates and I’m not losing as much blood. Would be a good option, but then it will be evident that the IUD is not the cause and that it’s a further issue and then they were considering doing a hysterectomy so that I would no longer get a cycle and I wouldn’t have to worry about my anemia by taking the IUD out sure enough my cycles got better two months and my cycles went from a two week. 22 Would be a good option, but then it will be evident that the IUD is not the cause and that it’s a further issue and then they were considering doing a hysterectomy so that I would no longer get a cycle and I wouldn’t have to worry about my anemia, but by taking the IUD out sure enough my cycles got better two months and my cycles went from a two week period to a 2 to 3 day. to 3 day period. Not even days after removing my copper IUD I felt so much relief. I felt a fullness disappear that I didn’t even realize was there in the first place and a lot of other things changed to my skin got clear and overall I felt less anxious. I believe that the copper in the IUD had been causing me some sort of copper toxicity. so after two months, I called the doctor and told him that my period had gotten better so I went back and we schedule the Bi-Salp. So I went two months without any birth control and stayed away from my husband. Lol, thankfully at the end of the two months I was able to get my surgery and a week before my surgery. I went to a regular visit with my OB and they did an ultrasound and they saw that they’re good possibly be a polyp on my uterus so when they went in to do my procedure, they also did a Oppie with to see if there was any polyps and remove the polyps that were there. They also found some cysts that they removed and I also had some endometriosis growing on my left tube and ovary thankfully they were able to remove! For the surgery and leading up to it, I stayed away away from any foods that would make me gassy and anything that would constipate me. I was drinking MiraLAX in my tea every night for the week leading up to the surgery.
Surgery day of: On the morning of the surgery, I was advised to not take my Vyvanse, which I use for anxiety and ADHD. So I skipped it and just drink water since I have been fasting since 10 PM the night before. When I arrive to the hospital, I was able to go to the bathroom thankfully and then started getting prepped for surgery. They obviously had me do a urine test and then got me set up with my IV where they would insure all of my meds this was very painful, but I sat and waited before I was feeling loopy. They gave me the anti-stress and anxiety medication before they administered the anesthesia and suddenly I was knocked out. All I remember is walking into the surgery room and thinking wow this is like Grey’s Anatomy and then knocking out next thing, I remember I wake up in the room and I am very groggy and out of it. Thankfully, the anesthesia did not cause nausea. The hardest part during this transition was getting me to pee because I kept wanting to fall asleep so badly but they kept telling me if I didn’t pee then I wouldn’t be able to go home to finally sleep so I was bloated and swollen And I finally peed the second time. After that, I was discharged and my family did a great job at trying to keep me awake while we drove home because I was asleep in the car that could get nauseous and throw up, which would hurt my belly from making those kind of movements. Thankfully, I got home and I knocked out on the couch. I woke up dazed and confused but feeling a lot better and refreshed. I felt good for about an hour and then the pain started, but not any sort of abdominal pain from the surgery itself. It was just the Thankfully, I got home and I knocked out on the couch. I woke up dazed and confused but feeling a lot better and refreshed. I felt good for about an hour and then the pain started, but not any sort of abdominal pain from the surgery itself. It was just the pain from the gas pain from the laparoscopic surgery. This pain was definitely intense and it progressed my worst day was the day after the surgery. But that same night after the surgery was difficult because I could not find any position where I was comfortable. I was taking Gas-X every two hours charcoal pills every two hours and ibuprofen and Tylenol alternated every four hours. They gave me OXY if I wanted to take it, but I never did because I didn’t wanna get constipated and I really didn’t feel any pain that the oxy could resolve pain medication does not resolve gas pain. First night I slept propped up with a lot of pillows around me holding my belly holding me from every position where I could put more weight to add pain to my body well, I didn’t really sleep that night, but I tried to sleep, but I rested upright on the couch and I was up maybe every hour going to pee and walking around because the best advice I could give is just walk as much as it hurts. Everything hurts with these gas pain so I feel better to be walking around in pain than to be sitting down, knowing that I’m not actually resolving any of the gases that is the only way the gases will escape your body. That was exhausting because I could not sleep as much as I wanted to. the day was extremely painful trapped in my ribs. It felt like someone had a split my ribs but again I had no tenderness or soreness in my abdomen no cramping anything like that. I complain the most and the most uncomfortable part of everything was just being very very bloated and not being able to suck in my stomach. I’m naturally a very thin person so having my stomach was frustrating because none of my clothes fit me comfortably. The bloating started from the top of my rib cage all the way down. But I kept up with charcoal pills and Gas-X, and I’m thinking the charcoal definitely help because I would notice a difference after taking that even more so than the Gas-X. I finally was able to go to the bathroom after the surgery and thankfully it was a smooth transition to going into the bathroom. I’m sure the MiraLAX helped because of that and I had hardly been eating because my stomach was so swollen and were so severe that even one bite of food in my stomach would make everything swell up even more and it it would hurt me. So those first few days I kept it very light. The second night after the surgery was another miserable night. I almost cried that night because I thought I was gonna lose my mind. I hadn’t slept or napped all day because the pain would prevent me from being able to rest in a comfortable position and then all night again, I did not sleep, those were the hardest 2 nights. The following day I saw a tiny bit of progress with the gas pain. But eventually, I think I got used to it by Saturday surgery having been Monday. I felt significantly better still very swollen but better. Sunday I left the house for the first time got ready put normal clothes on. The loosest clothes that I had. And that was nice to finally leave the house and try to do something normal, came back and was definitely exhausted and rested for the rest of the day by this point I was no longer taking any pain medication. Just the charcoal pills. By Monday I was feeling significantly better. I had gotten my cycle over the weekend and it was not a very painful cycle. Just a little bit of mild cramping and bleeding but nothing crazy on Wednesday. I had my follow up appointment a week and a half after surgery and I was cleared for all activity and just told to be careful with how heavy things are when I lift them to stay away from anything more than 30 pounds. I had sex for the first time in three months because of the fact that I had no birth control before my surgery for those two months when they had taken my IUD out. It was a little bit painful because my body had gotten used to sex and no penetration at all. Very quickly my bodygot used to it again. And I enjoyed it so much. I was scared to have an orgasm because I had heard online that some people complained of cramping after the orgasm, but I had no cramping at all only enjoyment. The fact that I was able to do everything I wanted without any anxiety that I would get pregnant without having to do anything to prevent that was liberating and it literally has improved my sex life incredibly and just the short amount of time today I am 2 1/2 weeks postop. And I feel great. My incisions are healing really well and I’m about to start using scar tape for the scars. I have barely any gases. My stomach is as flat as it normally is, and I’ve been feeling wonderful. The only thing I noticed after my surgery was a little bit of breaking out right after the surgery, but they said that that was normal since a lot of the drugs and medicine they put into your system for surgery is basically detoxing after you come out of surgery so it comes out of your body in different ways. I do not regret this surgery. It has completely changed my mindset towards life. I feel free finally. I’m sure my age has a lot to do with my recovery time and overall I’m a very sickly person for my age so I was expecting for this recovery to take me weeks to months, but I am feeling wonderful. I’m about to be the maid of honor for a wedding this Friday and I feel no restraint and dancing or anything of this sort. I’m grateful I didn’t get any soreness or pain in my abdomen after the surgery and that all I had to deal with was the severe gas pain. I know that is not everyone’s experience, but that was mine and I’m very happy with it. Just wanted to share some details on how everything went and hopefully this can be helpful to someone. Thankfully, my insurance covered most of the procedure and all I had to pay was $1,500. I have never been happier with a decision in my life.

Hi guys, I downloaded an anatomy textbook that was ONLY labelled diagrams on one page and the page directly after that was the diagram without the labels & instead were blank lines so that you could fill them in yourself. My iCloud didn’t save it and I don’t remember the name. I only got past the first few diagrams which were the vertebrae specifically the vertebral column. I don’t remember the name if anyone can please assist! This is the only way I can visually learn! Thank you.

Hi! First time posting, so bear with me! My wonderful long term boyfriend volunteered to get a vasectomy after seeing how miserable I am on birth control. (He doesn’t want any biological kids of his own. I have very limited BC options, and tubes being tied would be complicated per multiple doctors) So he went ahead and scheduled it. Well it just came to my attention tonight watching them all play and horse around, that I’m going to have to tell my girls something. I need them to understand to be gentle with the poor sweet man while he heals. I can definitely tell my kiddos his butt and crotch hurts so no jumping on him. But ya, they are 7 and 9. 😆🤷‍♀️ They will have questions as to while their “fun silly” parent isn’t running around with them like normal for the next 2-3 weeks. Any ideas that do not involve going into detail about male anatomy would be great! They definitely understand what surgery is, as I’ve had a lot of abdominal surgery. As for the peeps worried I’m over sheltering my girls, if they ask a question I try my best to give an AGE appropriate answer. And yes, they know proper anatomy terms for male and female. I just don’t think their Stepdad (or I) will be comfortable yelling to stay off his testicle area while jumping on the couch to watch a movie or horse around. Any ideas would be great!

TLDR: major right lower leg cramps in the same spot for years about every month, started happening a couple years after my leg broke 11 years ago.
Main story:
For years I've had these major cramps that would only occur around the same area where I broke my leg. It broke due to some pocket of gas or air that was trapped in my bone, weakening it, waiting for an impact. In early June of 2013, I fell over on my bike off a ramp and fractured my right lower leg, above the ankle (don't know which bone, but maybe 1/3 distance from the ankle to the knee).
The doctor who put my leg in a cast put the cast on with my leg improperly aligned, and this wasn't noticed or said or whatever until the cast was removed 6 months later and taken off earlier than the 9 months we were told by the doc. The nurse who took it off even told us that I didn't need a cast to begin with, I just needed a boot for a few months; hence why they were removing the cast early. My parents tried pursuing litigation, but the doctor just disappeared. He moved out of state before my cast was even removed (couldn't book an appointment with him, so we just had it checked out at the local hospital, that's when we learned about not needing a cast and such; xrayed and removed the cast same day), then he moved of the country before we got anything figured out. Ended up just dropping the whole thing, but I'm still dealing with the problems it caused. Never attended any physical therapy because my dad didn't think I needed it, but I walk mostly normal now when I'm not effected by the cramps, tho my right foot is noticeably pointed outwards; like so much so I've been called out by different band directors and a field judge during marching band for how my foot sticks out. Most people don't notice it tho until I say something.
My lower right leg is not in line with my knee, it angles out to the right more than normal (if I lay on my back, my left foot points mostly straight up, but my right foot lays down almost flat on it's side. When I stand up tho, I'd guess it's only 45° to right right if my knee is straight forward). A couple years after I broke it, I started getting an extreme cramp that would last 10 or 15 minutes every few months on the back side of my leg near where I broke it. It feels like my foot is trying to bend backwards: if I try to relax and give in, it shoots to a 10/10 pain, but if I resist and try to point my foot upwards or bring it back towards me then its only the 7-8/10. Lifting my leg up so it doesn't touch anything helps a bit. If I'm sleeping when it happens, I've gotten used to yanking the covers off of it since the weight of the blanket makes it worse.
And after the cramp is done, my whole leg is extremely sore and it hurts to walk on, sometimes I'd use my old crutch to help walk, but I've gone with a cane in the last 3 years when it occurs. For a few hours upwards of a day after the cramp, it could occur again if I moved my leg in the wrong way, specifically pointing it downwards too much. The soreness could last days or a week tho, and I would walk with a limp until the pain subsided, the cane and crutch helping to not put so much pressure on that leg and at least mitigated the pain.
I never really brought this up with my primary doc cause I just assumed it was related to the breaking of the bone and maybe the muscles were like trying to pull the bone back in place since my lower leg was misaligned. But a couple days ago, I just had the exact same cramp in my other leg?? Like exact same cramp, same spot, same feeling, tho for a much shorter time (maybe 2 minutes max), but the pain hurt just as much. Leg was sore and hurt to walk afterwards for the day tho I didn't need the cane like when it happens to my right leg. I was laying in bed asleep with a cover over my feet when it happened. I yanked the sheets off my legs like normal, but it was the other leg? I believe my foot was pointed far downwards (tippy toe sorta look but laying down) when I woke up, so maybe this was just a more normal cramp? It's got me concerned tho cause if this starts happening in both my legs, even if it's months apart at best between cramps, if they occur close together I'm not sure how'd I'd be able to walk well afterwards. This just got me more worried, but I am still more interested in my right leg and it's reoccuring cramps.
I'm planning on bringing this up to my doc when I see her in a couple weeks, but I wanted to get a few opinions from here before I do. Happy to answer any and all questions; I tried to put as much detail as I could here, but please ask if you need even the smallest of details. I tried looking up a diagram or anatomy of the leg see if there was an obvious answer (like the soleus or achilles muscles, maybe the gastronemius cause it hurts the most afterwards even tho the pain or cramp doesn't feel like it originates there), but I'm not sure. I'm not a doctor obviously lol.
Other details:
My left leg hasn't endured any major trauma like the right leg (no breaks or fractures, no major cramps like this until now), tho it is a few cm shorter than the right leg (not sure if the right leg being set wrong also lengthened it or if it's just naturally a little shorter, doubt it matter tho)
My left leg was never xrayed, so idk if it also an air pocket or whatever in the bone, but I'd guess it doesn't since when I broken my right leg, I actually fell over onto my left leg; despite that, it was somehow the right leg which broke.
I also did have a reoccurence of the left leg cramp a few hours after the big cramp, like what happens with the right leg sometimes when it cramps. Besides the duration and pain afterwards, this left leg cramp has been very similar to the right leg cramp.
Supplements haven't worked. I tried taking potassium and eating more bananas years ago, didn't change anything. My diet has changed wildly a couple times and none of it ever changed the frequency or severity of the cramps. My mom got me some over the counter medicine a year ago that is supposed to help with leg cramps and soreness, but it also did nothing even for the soreness afterwards.
Nothing really predicts these cramps either, they just happen randomly. I've had them as soon as a week or two apart, but I've also gone like 8 or 9 months without a cramp before. Typically, they happen about once every month, maybe month and half. I do occasionally get a general 1-3/10 pain where I broke my leg out of no where that lasts a couple days too. Not sure if it's like arthritis, or humidty like how old people say their joints predict the weather lol. I've not noticed a pattern yet tho, that dull pain just comes and goes also every few months.
Last thing I can think off: three years ago I pulled a muscle in my upper right leg. This is when I switched from crutch to cane because I went from using a crutch for a few days every couple months to using it just to walk every day. The cane was just easier and more practical especially since my job at the time required me to walk around a parking lot at the end of the day. This slowly went away over the course of maybe two or three months. Even tho I mentioned all this, I don't think it's related because I still had one of my normal major cramps in the lower leg during the same time. I just wanted to be very thorough in my details.
Oh yeah, forgot to mention: I'm male, currently 22, almost 23, and I broke my leg when I was 11, almost 12. The cramps have persisted through big weight gain and loss, diet changes, medicine changes, etc. And I still do get minor cramps in that leg and the other one too, typical cramps I think tho that are just caused by moving in a weird way, last about a minute or less, more uncomfortable than painful, don't leave last pain or soreness beyond maybe an hour.
These other super painful cramps just happen out of nowhere tho, they haven't ever occured when I was in school or working, never while driving or exercising: I'd guess the only pattern would be they happen when I'm more relaxed maybe? Most often when I'm laying down either bed, or couch, or reclining chair.
From what I can see of my leg during the cramp, it just looks like my foot is trying to point downwards. I don't see anything on/under the skin like ripples or tension in the muscles like I've seen in some videos. It literally just looks like my foot is pointing downwards; meanwhile I'm heaving and panting in pain, lifting my leg in the air, and holding that for 10 or 15 minutes while I try absolute hardest to, what feels like, not allow my foot to bend backwards.
So again, if anyone has any ideas of what anything might be, please let me known. I'm getting tired of dealing of dealing with the pain and I wanna get it figured out. And since my left leg did a similar thing, now I'm even more worried. I hope I didn't overwhelm with info lol, I've had plenty of time to try and understand what's been going on, but I think it's finally time to get some outside help.

This thought got into my head, so I'm curious about something. And this is premised on something being immediately fatal, as teleports and RCT are available at the time Gojo split as I understand it.
Toji did more damage at the end of their round one. If Gojo, for sake of argument, was burned out and out of RCT fighting Sukuna is kinda irrelevant, because he didn't have it for Toji and managed to borderline resurrect himself.
Sukuna, at best, got the inferior vena cava, descending aorta, and renal arteries. It's been a bit since I took an anatomy class, but I'm fairly confident the liver was above the split.
The inverted spear was roughly as long as a hand on the longer prong, and was buried to the hilt in Gojo's chest and then drug to his hip. That angle and blade length should sever one subclavian artery, slice at least one lung, arteries around the heart if not a direct hit, liveartery, and the same abdominal arteries minus one renal. And then the stab to the brain. That's roughly the same, at bare minimum, for blood loss on top of getting an actual lobotomy.
Gojo getting an RCT kickstart could function the same way as his original revive. So it is kinda terrible writing but not out of character for gojo to be able to come back. I apologize if this has been done to death, just rambling a bit.

Hey all.
It's been quite a while since GvK came out. Three years, to be precise. Three years it's been since Adam Wingard swooped in to save cinemas with a bombastic love letter to monster movies. Three years it's been since Godzilla and Kong fought for the first time since 1962. Three years it's been since we were properly introduced to the Hollow Earth. It's 2024 now, and we still know next to nothing about it.
The anatomy of Earth in the MV is confusing, and it is probably going to stay that way. I've accepted that -- I think the community has, too. Sci-Fi doesn't make sense sometimes, and that's okay.
I still have questions, though. A lot of them. My biggest one has to do with the gravity inversion. Why? Why does gravity start pulling upwards?
Here's my theory:
Planet Earth is wholly hollow, like an egg. Not only is the shell 800 miles thick, it's extremely dense. Super extremely dense. As a result, spacetime is warped, creating a gravitational well.
According to the theory of relativity, gravity is the result of a massive warping of spacetime. If I understand correctly, mass affects gravity. For example, if Mars had more mass, its gravitational pull would be stronger. The reverse is also true: less mass = a weaker gravitational pull. Get it? Yeah? Great, let's continue. No? Don't worry -- try this.
Alright, back to my egg analogy.
Gravity works both ways in this scenario, pulling stuff towards the exterior surface and the interior surface. The 'drawing point' isn't located in the hollow center, but rather in the middle of the shell, 400 miles deep. A hollow planet wouldn't warp spacetime like a spherical planet would. Get it?
If you were to dig a giant hole and jump in, you'd fall. Then, after 400 miles, gravity inverts -- you'd start flying upwards, maintaining your previously achieved velocity. Gravity is now pulling you back down towards the point of inversion, gradually slowing you down until you start falling again. Gravity once again inverts, and you fly upwards until you start falling again. You wouldn't be able to escape the shell's gravitational well unless you somehow got out of that hole.
HEAVs are built to withstand this inversion, allowing them to pass through without problems.
You may recall that, in GvK, Hollow Earth harbors life on both the floor and the ceiling, with a void separating the two landscapes.
The planet's interior surface is one of these dual landscapes. Get it? Great. But wait, what about the other one? We'll get to that in due time, don't worry -- I need to explain just a few more things.
Let's get on with it.
A 'mini-planet' resides within Earth's hollow -- that's the Inner Earth (not to be confused with the interior surface of the shell!). It's a lot smaller than Outer Earth, and therefore has weaker gravity (explaining why Titans seem to move more fluently down there). The Inner Earth's surface is the second HE landscape.
One last thing: what's with the zero-G zone? Well, the zero-G zone seen in both GvK and GxK is where the gravities of Inner Earth and the interior surface of the shell meet, cancelling each other out and creating a void.
There's a neat diagram that shows it pretty well. Here. If you still don't get it, feel free to comment -- I'll try my best to answer.
I've got no idea how Axis Mundi works, but this is how I think HE works in the MV. What do you think?

So, this is a weird one. My girlfriend (22F) and I (23M) have been together for 3 years. We're pretty good at communicating, but things got tense tonight.
I'm studying to be an oncologist, and right now, we're deep into breast cancer. I was scrolling through medical journals on my laptop, and some of the articles have pictures – you know, mammograms, anatomy diagrams, stuff like that. My girlfriend walks in and sees me looking at a screen with... well, breasts.
She completely flips. Accuses me of checking out women online while studying. I try to explain it's for school, show her the article title (something like "Early Detection of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma"), but she's fuming. Says it's disrespectful and dismissive of her feelings.
Look, I get it might look bad, but I'm genuinely studying! This stuff is important, and these images help understand the disease. Am I the jerk (AITJ) for looking at medical images while studying, even if they involve breasts?
Here's the thing:
I can totally see how it looked bad. I wouldn't be checking out random women online – that's disrespectful. But I also need to focus on my studies for this important field.
So, Reddit, what do you think? AITA?

My questions: -Has anyone else experienced weight changes from food poisoning. I’ve taken Arkkmansia specifically and PB8.
-How did you handle food poisoning? (I’ve taken Arkkmansia specifically and PB8. )
3 years ago I was gifted an end of year present from one of my students parents, a charcuterie board. I ate the whole thing in a day, it was amazing! I remember eating the cheese and being concerned the soft cheeses were warm and had been out all day when she delivered them ( at the time out outdoor temp was 102). I was never a cheese person prior.
A couple days later I had horrible abdominal pain, my vision went white during my stomach cramping episodes, I never went to the ER and it subsided. I went from 115lbs and began gaining weight quickly after this. Within a few weeks I couldn’t button my pants, despite hiking all summer I gained 20 lbs in a month, and now I’m currently at 170. (Thyroid, A1C, hormones have all been checked so many many times, all normal) my husband has attended doctors appointments with me to confirm that my caloric intake is between 700-1100 depending if I’m even hungry that day.
It’s been three years and no amount of dieting, weightloss medication (metformin), or exercise has caused my weight to budge.
Jump forward with me, on Monday of this week I found unopened Forager yogurt in my fridge which was purchased weeks ago and had expired last week. It did look grayish …. But the lid wasn’t puffy so I totally ate it 😬. I’ve been having the same abdominal cramping and pain I had three year ago. I upped my probiotics, contacted my doc for a stool sample, but everytime I eat I cramp and get sweaty. I just had a colonoscopy/endo 4 weeks ago so I know the anatomy of my stomach is physically ok. I also have taken two rounds of augmentin in the past 6 months

Grey’s Anatomy Narration
Season Three
Episode One: Time Has Come Today
Meredith Grey
In the O.R., time loses all meaning. In the midst of sutures and saving lives, the clock ceases to matter. 15 minutes, 15 hours…inside the O.R., the best surgeons make time fly. Outside the O.R., however, time takes pleasure in kicking our asses. For even the strongest of us, it seems to play tricks - slowing down, hovering…until it freezes…leaving us stuck in a moment, unable to move in one direction or the other.
Time flies. Time waits for no man. Time heals all wounds. All any of us wants is more time…time to stand up…time to grow up…time to let go…time.
Episode Two: I Am a Tree
Meredith Grey
At any given moment, the brain has 14 billion neurons firing at a speed of 450 miles per hour. We don’t have control over most of them. When we get a chill - goose bumps, when we get excited - adrenaline. The body naturally follows its impulses, which I think is part of what makes it so hard to control ours. Of course, sometimes we have impulses we would rather not control…that we later wish we had.
The body is a slave to its impulses. But the thing that makes us human…is what we can control. After the storm…after the rush…after the heat of the moment has passed…we can cool off and clean up the messes we’ve made. We can try to let go of what was…and then again…
Episode Three: Sometimes a Fantasy
Meredith Grey
Surgeons usually fantasize about wild and improbable surgeries - someone collapses in a restaurant, we slice them open with a butter knife, replace a valve with a hollowed-out stick of carrot. But every now and then, some other kind of fantasy slips in. Most of our fantasies dissolve when we wake, banished to the back of our mind. But sometimes, we’re sure…if we try hard enough…we can live the dream.
The fantasy is simple…pleasure is good…and twice as much pleasure is better…that pain is bad…and no pain is better.
But the reality is different. The reality is that pain is there to tell us something. And there’s only so much pleasure we can take without getting a stomachache. And maybe that’s okay. Maybe some fantasies are only supposed to live in our dreams.
Episode Four: What I am
Meredith Grey
At some point during surgical residency, most interns get a sense of who they are as doctors and the kinds of surgeons they’re going to become. If you ask them, they’ll tell you - they’re going to be general surgeons…orthopedic surgeons…neurosurgeons…distinctions which do more than describe their areas of expertise. They help define who they are. Because outside the operating room, not only do most surgeons have no idea who they are, they’re afraid to find out.
Episode Five: Oh, the Guilt
Meredith Grey
First do no harm - as doctors, we pledge to live by this oath. But harm happens…and then guilt happens. And there’s no oath for how to deal with that.
Guilt never goes anywhere on its own. It bring its friends doubt and insecurity.
First do no harm - easier said than done. We can take all the oaths in the world, but the fact is…most of us do harm all the time.
Sometimes even when we’re trying to help…we do more harm than good…and the guilt rears its ugly head. What you do with that guilt is up to you.
We’re left with a choice…either let the guilt throw you back into the behavior that got you into trouble in the first place or…learn from the guilt and do your best to move on.
Episode Six: Let the Angels Commit
Meredith Grey
To make it…really make it…as a surgeon…it takes major commitment. We have to be willing to pick up that scalpel and make a cut that may or may not do more damage than good. It’s all about being committed…because if we’re not…we have no business picking up that scalpel in the first place.
There are times when even the best of us have trouble with commitment. And we may be surprised by the commitments we’re willing to let slip out of our grasp. Commitments are complicated. We may surprise ourselves by the commitments we’re willing to make. True commitment takes effort…and sacrifice. Which is why sometimes…we have to learn the hard way to choose out commitments very carefully.
Episode Seven: Where the Boys Are
Meredith Grey
As surgeons, we’re trained to look for disease. Sometimes the problem’s easily detected. Most of the time, you need to go step-by-step, first probing the surface, looking for any sign of trouble…a mole or a lesion or an unwelcome lump.
Most of the time, we can’t tell what’s wrong with somebody by just looking at them. After all, they can look perfectly fine on the outside while their insides tell us a whole other story.
Not all wounds are superficial. Most wounds run deeper than we can imagine. You can’t see them with the naked eye. And then there are the wounds that take us by surprise.
The trick with any kind of wound or disease is to dig down and find the real source of the injury. And once you’ve found it…try like hell to heal that sucker.
Episode Eight: Staring at the Sun
Meredith Grey
Many people don’t know that the human eye has a blind spot in its field of vision. Theres a part of the world that we are literally blind to. The problem is, sometimes our blind spots shield us from things that really shouldn’t be ignored. Sometimes our blind spots keep our life bright and shiny.
Episode Nine: From a Whisper to a Scream
Cristina Yang
As doctors…we know everybody’s secrets - their medical histories…sexual histories…confidential information that is as essential to a surgeon as a 10-blade…and every bit as dangerous. We keep secrets. We have to. But not all secrets can be kept.
In some ways, betrayal is inevitable. When our bodies betray us, surgery is often the key to recovery. When we betray each other…when we betray each other, the path to recovery is less clear.
We do whatever it takes to rebuild the trust that was lost. And then there are some wounds, some betrayals that are so deep, so profound…that there’s no way to repair what was lost. And when that happens…there’s nothing left to do but wait.
Episode Ten: Don’t Stand So Close to Me
Meredith Grey
At the end of the day, when it comes down to it, all we really want is to be close to somebody…so this thing where we all keep our distance and pretend not to care about each other - it’s usually a load of bull.
So we pick and choose who we want to remain close to. And once we’ve chosen those people…we tend to stick close by…no matter how much we hurt them.
The people that are still with you at the end of the day…those are the ones worth keeping. And sure, sometimes close can be too close…but sometimes that invasion of personal space…it can be exactly what you need.
Episode Eleven: Six Days: Part 1
[No narration]
Episode Twelve: Six Days: Part 2
[No narration]
Episode Thirteen: Great Expectations
Meredith Grey
No one believes their life will turn out just kind of okay. We all think we’re going to be great. And from the day we decide to be surgeons, we are filled with expectation - expectations of the trails we will blaze, the people we will help, the difference we will make…great expectations of who we will be, where we will go. And then we get there.
We all think we’re going to be great. And we feel a little bit robbed when our expectations aren’t met. But sometimes, our expectations sell us short. Sometimes the expected simply pales in comparison to the unexpected. You gotta wonder why we cling to our expectations because the expected is just what keeps us steady, standing…still. The expected’s just the beginning. The unexpected…is what changes our lives.
Episode Fourteen: Wishin’ and Hopin’
Meredith Grey
As surgeons, we live in a world of worst-case scenarios. We cut ourselves off from hoping for the best because too many times, the best doesn’t happen. But every now and then, something extraordinary occurs…and suddenly…best-case scenarios seem possible. And every now and then, something amazing happens…and against our better judgement…we start to have hope.
As doctors, we’re trained to give our patients just the facts. But what our patients really want to know is, will the pain ever go away? Will I feel better? Am I cured? What our patients really want to know is…is there hope? But inevitably, there are times when you find yourself in the worst-case scenario…when the patient’s body has betrayed them and all the science we have to offer has failed them. When the worst-case scenario comes true, clinging to hope is all we’ve got left.
Episode Fifteen: Walk on Water
Meredith Grey
Disappearances happen in science - disease can suddenly fade away, tumors go missing. We open someone up to discover the cancer is gone. It’s unexplained, it’s rare, but it happens. We call it misdiagnosis…say we never saw it in the first place…any explanation but the truth…that life is full of vanishing acts. If something that we didn’t know we had disappears, do we miss it?
Episode Sixteen: Drowning on Dry Land
Meredith Grey
Like I said…disappearances happen - pains go phantom…blood stops running…and people - people fade away.
There’s more I have to say…so much more. But…I’ve disappeared.
Episode Seventeen: Some Kind of Miracle
Meredith Grey
There are medical miracles. Being worshippers at the altar of science, we don’t like to believe miracles exist. But they do. Things happen. We can’t explain them, we can’t control them…but they do happen.
Miracles do happen in medicine. They happen every day. Just not always when we need them to happen.
At the end of a day like this, a day when so many prayers are answered and so many aren’t…we take our miracles where we find them. We reach across the gap…and sometimes…against all odds…against all logic…we touch.
Episode Eighteen: Scars and Souvenirs
Meredith Grey
People have scars in all sorts of unexpected places, like secret road maps of their personal histories, diagrams of all their old wounds. Most our wounds heal, leaving nothing behind but a scar. But some of them don’t.
Some wounds we carry with us everywhere, and though the cut’s long gone…the pain still lingers.
What’s worse, new wounds, which are so horribly painful…or old wounds that should’ve healed years ago and never did?
Maybe our old wounds teach us something. They remind us of where we’ve been and what we’ve overcome. They teach us lessons about what to avoid in the future. That’s what we like to think. But that’s not the way it is, is it? Some things we just have to learn over, and over, and over again.
Episode Nineteen: My Favorite Mistake
Meredith Grey
Surgeons always have a plan…where to cut, where to clamp, where to stitch. But even with the best plans…complications can arise, things can go wrong…and suddenly you’re caught with your pants down.
The thing about plans is, they don’t take into account the unexpected. So when we’re thrown a curveball whether it’s in the O.R. or in life…we have to improvise. Of course, some of us are better at it than others. Some of us just have to move on to plan B…and make the best of it.
And sometimes…what we want…is exactly what we need. But sometimes…sometimes what we need is a new plan.
Episode Twenty: Time After Time
Meredith Grey
A patient’s history is as important as their symptoms. It’s what helps us decide if heartburn’s a heart attack, if a headache’s a tumor. Sometimes patients will try to rewrite their own histories. They’ll claim they don’t smoke or forget to mention certain drugs, which, in surgery can be the kiss of death. We can ignore it all we want…but our history…eventually always comes back to haunt us.
Some people believe that without history, our lives amount to nothing. At some point, we all have to choose. Do we fall back on what we know? Or do we step forward to something new? It’s hard not to be haunted by our past. Our history is what shapes us, what guides us.
Our history resurfaces time after time after time. So we have to remember…sometimes the most important history is the history we’re making today.
Episode Twenty-One: Desire
Meredith Grey
As interns, we know what we want - to become surgeons…and we’ll do anything to get there. Suffer through killer exams, endure 100-hour weeks, stand for hours on end in operating rooms…you name it, we’ll do it. The tough part, though, is reconciling this huge thing we want - to be surgeons - with everything else we want.
Too often, the thing you want most is the one thing you can’t have. Desire leaves us heartbroken…it wears us out. Desire can wreck your life. But as tough as wanting something can be…the people who suffer the most…are those who don’t know what they want.
Episode Twenty-Two: The Other Side of This Life: Part 1
Meredith Grey
The dream is this - that we’ll finally be happy when we reach our goals. Find the guy, finish our internship - that’s the dream. Then we get there. And if we’re human, we immediately start dreaming of something else. Because if this is the dream…then we’d like to wake up…now, please.
Episode Twenty-Three: The Other Side of This Life: Part 2
Meredith Grey
At some point, maybe we accept the dream has become a nightmare. We tell ourselves the reality is better. We convince ourselves it’s better that we never dream at all. But the strongest of us, the most determine of us, we hold on to the dream. Or we find ourselves faced with a fresh dream we never considered. We awake to find ourselves…against all odds…feeling hopeful. And if we’re lucky, we realize…in the face of everything, in the face of life…the true dream…is being able to dream at all.
Episode Twenty-Four: Testing 1-2-3
Meredith Grey
A surgeon’s education never ends. Every patient, every symptom, every operation…is a test, a chance for us to demonstrate how much we know…and how much more we have to learn.
Episode Twenty-Five: Didn’t We Almost Have it All?
Richard Webber
Being chief is about responsibility. Every single surgical patient in the hospital is your patient, whether you’re the one who cut them open or not. The scalpel stops with you. You need to be able to look at a family…and tell them your team did everything they could to save someone’s child…their husband…their wife. You get caught up…taking care of other people’s families. And responsibility, it makes you…you take care of other people’s families…and you sacrifice your own.

My 6 year old indoor only Burmese (male, neutered) was admitted to a specialist hospital in the UK after failing to respond to treatment at my local vets over a period of ten days. He has a history of constipation requiring inpatient care and I had been previously working with my local vets to find a combination of diet/ daily stool softeners to keep the poor guy from getting so blocked up. An abdominal ultrasound at my local vets showed some signs that he might be allergic to something he’s eating.(Not having much luck with Hills Z/D or Purina H/A easing his symptoms after two months of being fed those foods exclusively) Mercifully, no signs of megacolon. Before this latest incident, I was being referred to a veterinary nutritionist (different specialist centre elsewhere in the country) to see about developing a supervised diet I could prepare with a novel protein to see if that might help. (Side note: Who first thought of feeding a cat kangaroo meat?!?!)
Based on his initial tests today he has been tentatively diagnosed with Triaditus. Imaging under anaesthesia also indicates that my lad has two gallbladders. Neither are very happy. Still waiting on the results of the samples that were taken (intestine, liver, spleen, and pancreas) and some cultures as well. The hospital has been wonderful explaining everything related to his treatment. This hospital is too faexpensive for me to travel to daily so I’m staying in a cheap hotel with too much time on my hands until kitty can be safely discharged.
Any recommendations on a layman’s guide to the feline anatomy and physiology of the GI system, pancreas, gall bladder, and how they are connected? Neither Triaditus nor congenital variations resulting in a second gallbladder are in the resources listed in the FAQ of this subreddit and my Google searches are largely linking me to academic publications. I’d like to better understand what is typical so I have a better reference of what is unusual. And I’m really fascinated/scared about my cat having two gallbladders.
Does this type of condition mean he is more likely to have other anatomical/physiological differences? If so, can they be predicted? How frequently are cats born with two gallbladders?
I adopted my cat a little over a year ago and this is his third incident requiring hospitalisation and the first that has involved transferring him elsewhere. I’m getting the impression that GI health is going to be an ongoing concern with my lad. I want to learn as much as I can understand so that I can be the pet owner this cat needs. Selfishly, I find that learning and staying curious about something that is uncertain and stressful makes it much easier to cope with my anxieties.
I’m also beyond grateful that I sought out and got a pet insurance policy when I adopted my furry friend. The insurance company probably wouldn’t agree.

Learn More: https://orthofixar.com/anatomy/transverse-abdominal-muscle/

context - in high school i had (unknown at the time) 2 instances where ovarian cysts burst.. fast forward 8 years to now.. had extreme pain any time i would eat anything, sudden and unexplained weight loss, zero appetite and difficulty actually eating, extreme bloating and pressure with no relief when i did eat (would last for hours and prevent sleep if at night), very rigid lower left abdominal area closer to front than back of ribcage… made OB appt (first one i could get anywhere) had labs and a TV ultrasound done.. have an IUD so endometriod could not be visualized but my left ovary was 1.5-2x the size of my right one.. free fluid and adhesions were noted in my cul de sac area- 36 mm x 28 mm x 36 mm (didn’t even know that was part of my anatomy tbh).. called my paternal aunt.. found out on my dad’s side, his aunts (2/3 from paternal side, 6/8 from maternal side) had hysterectomies done due to either ovarian cancer, pcos, or other reproductive organ issues… my research has frightened me.. i would like to hear others’ experiences if anything sounds similar or if i’m just overreacting bc i know medical gaslighting is a very real thing and im not well informed enough to know how to stand up for myself without going into an insane amount of medical debt… replies and anecdotes are so greatly appreciated!! thanks all :)