Second grade worksheets for irregular plural nouns

Nigeria!!! Who wins the Battle: The Corrupt System or the Fight against Corruption?

2024.04.28 11:33 Certain-Ad-2206 Nigeria!!! Who wins the Battle: The Corrupt System or the Fight against Corruption?

Nigeria!!! Who wins the Battle: The Corrupt System or the Fight against Corruption?
A few weeks from now, we shall be celebrating the 1st year anniversary of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu as president of Nigeria. Despite all the hurdles the President faced before winning one of the most competitive elections in recent history, the country has united behind a man with an impeccable track record of choosing leaders. He mentors them young and smart and tilts towards the empowerment of the feminine gender. Nobody second-guesses President Bola Ahmed Tinubu's boldness, daring, and resolve as a leader. No wonder he received many praises globally when he identified and chose Dr. Betta Edu as the Minister of Humanitarian Affairs. Making history and breaking the jinx. He prioritized a proven track record, competency, positive energy, and affection for the vulnerable over the easy choices. Betta Edu is a vibrant, compassionate extraordinary performer who has experienced the rudiments of leadership from her days as the vice president of the Student Union Government, Special Adviser in Cross River State, to the Pioneer Director General of Cross River State Primary Healthcare Development Agency, Commissioner of Health Cross River state and Chairman of all Commissioners of Health in Nigeria. She was elected the youngest National Women Leader of any political party in Africa and galvanized women’s support all over the country, then to be appointed Honorable Minister of Humanitarian Affairs and Poverty Alleviation for the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The youngest in the history of 4th Republic of Nigeria. It is no wonder the president chose such a consistent performer despite political and perceived opposition from the older generation, and those aware of Dr. Edu's seriousness and technocracy to that very sensitive ministry which is the human face of the Renewed Hope agenda for the poor. Getting the ministry's workings right would have solved Nigeria's problems by over 70 percent, with 133 million people living below poverty line and an additional 10 million people thrown into poverty between January and April 2024 according to World Bank Macro Poverty Outlook for Nigeria: April 2024. That was the least deliverable Dr. Edu promised to deliver, and she was all hands-on deck from Day 1. Below are just a few achievements she had achieved within the first 140 days in office before the suspension. (images) While shattering glass ceilings, doing the impossible for the Tinubu’s Renewed hope Mandate, going down to the very poorest at the remotest areas in the country, managing Internally Displaced Persons, Disable and the Vulnerable at large, the corrupt system orchestrated ways to force her out of office. Little wonder that by the end of December 2023 an international Paper The Guardian UK and several organizations rated her as the Best Minister for 2023 after 4 months of a sterling performance. The Young Minister who was everywhere both within and outside the country Nigeria, campaigning with the President during the elections, believed strongly in his 8-point agenda targeted at reducing poverty and fighting corruption, among other points. She was diligent enough to expose a 44.8 billion Naira unapproved transfer in December 2023 by National social Investment Program Agency under the supervision of her Ministry. The Principal took a positive step in line with his determination to fight corruption by suspending the Government official (National Coordinator) involved. Little did he know that the large network of prospective beneficiaries from that unapproved transfer which is part of a systemic corruption will come fighting back with false propaganda to remove the Minister at all cost and tarnish her image. How else can we explain the suspension of someone who exposed the fraud that occurred in a ministry? 44.8bn Naira was transferred without approvals from the president, Federal Executive council or even the knowledge of the Minister; Dr. Betta Edu queries this action, and off she goes suspended in 7 days? How does that make any sense? Regular and new social media were heavily paid to run propaganda for days, internal persons were also planted to put required pressure on the President to ensure the Minister was suspended, just to teach her a lesson never to report fraud when she sees one. This large network of prospective beneficiaries had concerted efforts to defame a minister whose passion and policies were focused on the grassroots and who has shown poise and action to weed out corruption and irregularities within the ministry. This is a young woman with an impeccable track record of over 20 years in leadership roles and public service. Have we lost our conscience? Can we quantify the untold hardship that sometimes irreversible, vulnerable people across Nigeria must have gone through and are still going through because of this action of allowing the plans of the corrupt people to prevail? Of all the 8-point agenda the president campaigned on, weeding out corruption, Poverty alleviation, women and youth empowerment were the core. Have we asked ourselves, how has the continuous suspension of the best-performing Minister, as per the Guardian UK in 2023, correlated with this agenda? While the President intends to suspend the minister so that the system can be investigated, the period concerning the suspended minister was barely 4 months. Given that all the projects she achieved were legally genuine with due approvals and the said transfer of 587 million Naira which she wrote officially to the Accountant General and payments were made from the accountant general office, Given that she followed a laid down regulation from Chapter 14 section (iii) of the Federal Government Financial regulations, which states clearly that “ in the disbursement of funds for non-personal advance for project/special programs, the leader of the project/special programs shall be the accounting officer, while an accountant of an appropriate grade shall be attached to each project/special programs and have responsibility for the disbursements as well as retirements of the non-personal advances”. According to these financial regulation guidelines, the so-called private account to which funds were transferred is a qualifying account, which is managed by the Project accountant and there is evidence to show that the funds reached the intended beneficiaries in different states. If anything, Dr. Edu proved she is a staunch advocate for the rule of law, takes the President's directives seriously, and operates in accordance with the shared vision the president campaigned on. The least she deserves, the least people whom she has reached out to within her first 140 days in office deserve, the least the poor and vulnerable deserve, the least young productive minds with high-value-addition deserves and the least Nigeria as a Nation deserves is that the President, as the Commander, push aside completely the false narrative, boldly speak to Nigerians as a great leader, who have been misled by some disgruntled persons around him and some media houses, and without delay re-instate Dr. Betta Edu as Minister of Humanitarian Affairs and Poverty Alleviation. Anything short of this result leaves more questions than answers. The effect of this action or inaction is so enormous that it determines the effect this will have on young people or women globally who are being forced out of positions of leadership and relegated to the back burner. We have seen presidents claim they are fighting corruption; this is a clear case study. Is our President Truly fighting corruption? Is he laying the groundwork for corruption to win? Are we adopting the saying that says if you can’t win them, you join them? What precedence are we laying here? Be bold, be courageous, and take the fight against the corrupt system until they bulge or simply succumb to their tactics and let corruption consume our beloved country. I wonder who Dr. Edu is protecting. In all of these she has said nothing! Who is she scared of? Why is she not defending herself with facts? Is she being made to keep mute? Is she being bullied by a corrupt system into keeping mute, does she regret her actions of exposing corruption? The facts are clear that she is not part of the corruption in the system. Rather, she raised the alarm to call out this corruption. In other climes, in line with ethics, the Minister should be praised, promoted and awarded so that other young women in power or aspiring to take up leadership roles in our country can confidently maintain impeccable service and commitment to our dear Nations development. This battle must not be lost because she dared ask questions about people using stolen funds to hijack the media. The battle must not be lost for the sake of the reputation Dr. Edu has built over the years. This battle must not be lost for the sake of all she has achieved within the first 140 days working tirelessly for the renewed hope agenda and Humanity. This battle must not be prolonged or lost for the sake of the vulnerable, the biggest losers in this time of freeze action. The battle must not be lost to those intentionally allowing the investigation to drag on. The battle is for us all, and this is how to win: Re-Instate Dr. Betta Edu. Our own President, Bola Ahmed Tinubu, did not bow to pressure when he was the Governor of Lagos State, and the state was starved of Monthly allocations. You did not bow to pressure when the former Governor of the Central Bank of Nigerian redesigned the Naira to decimate your presidential race. You did not bow to pressure when your adversaries were using fake edited memes, fake propaganda and all sort of lies to defame your character all over the media. Our Dear President, under pressure, you always come out victorious. Please make history again. Re-instate Dr. Betta Edu today and let the good work continue. Kayode Michael Arimoro. USA Civil right Analyst; Founder- Sustainable National Movement Author, Entrepreneur, Systems and Automation Subject Matter Expert.
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2024.04.28 11:32 Certain-Ad-2206 https://www.reddit.com/r/Africa/s/91j5RFkVGX

A few weeks from now, we shall be celebrating the 1st year anniversary of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu as president of Nigeria. Despite all the hurdles the President faced before winning one of the most competitive elections in recent history, the country has united behind a man with an impeccable track record of choosing leaders. He mentors them young and smart and tilts towards the empowerment of the feminine gender. Nobody second-guesses President Bola Ahmed Tinubu's boldness, daring, and resolve as a leader. No wonder he received many praises globally when he identified and chose Dr. Betta Edu as the Minister of Humanitarian Affairs. Making history and breaking the jinx. He prioritized a proven track record, competency, positive energy, and affection for the vulnerable over the easy choices. Betta Edu is a vibrant, compassionate extraordinary performer who has experienced the rudiments of leadership from her days as the vice president of the Student Union Government, Special Adviser in Cross River State, to the Pioneer Director General of Cross River State Primary Healthcare Development Agency, Commissioner of Health Cross River state and Chairman of all Commissioners of Health in Nigeria. She was elected the youngest National Women Leader of any political party in Africa and galvanized women’s support all over the country, then to be appointed Honorable Minister of Humanitarian Affairs and Poverty Alleviation for the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The youngest in the history of 4th Republic of Nigeria. It is no wonder the president chose such a consistent performer despite political and perceived opposition from the older generation, and those aware of Dr. Edu's seriousness and technocracy to that very sensitive ministry which is the human face of the Renewed Hope agenda for the poor. Getting the ministry's workings right would have solved Nigeria's problems by over 70 percent, with 133 million people living below poverty line and an additional 10 million people thrown into poverty between January and April 2024 according to World Bank Macro Poverty Outlook for Nigeria: April 2024. That was the least deliverable Dr. Edu promised to deliver, and she was all hands-on deck from Day 1. Below are just a few achievements she had achieved within the first 140 days in office before the suspension. (images) While shattering glass ceilings, doing the impossible for the Tinubu’s Renewed hope Mandate, going down to the very poorest at the remotest areas in the country, managing Internally Displaced Persons, Disable and the Vulnerable at large, the corrupt system orchestrated ways to force her out of office. Little wonder that by the end of December 2023 an international Paper The Guardian UK and several organizations rated her as the Best Minister for 2023 after 4 months of a sterling performance. The Young Minister who was everywhere both within and outside the country Nigeria, campaigning with the President during the elections, believed strongly in his 8-point agenda targeted at reducing poverty and fighting corruption, among other points. She was diligent enough to expose a 44.8 billion Naira unapproved transfer in December 2023 by National social Investment Program Agency under the supervision of her Ministry. The Principal took a positive step in line with his determination to fight corruption by suspending the Government official (National Coordinator) involved. Little did he know that the large network of prospective beneficiaries from that unapproved transfer which is part of a systemic corruption will come fighting back with false propaganda to remove the Minister at all cost and tarnish her image. How else can we explain the suspension of someone who exposed the fraud that occurred in a ministry? 44.8bn Naira was transferred without approvals from the president, Federal Executive council or even the knowledge of the Minister; Dr. Betta Edu queries this action, and off she goes suspended in 7 days? How does that make any sense? Regular and new social media were heavily paid to run propaganda for days, internal persons were also planted to put required pressure on the President to ensure the Minister was suspended, just to teach her a lesson never to report fraud when she sees one. This large network of prospective beneficiaries had concerted efforts to defame a minister whose passion and policies were focused on the grassroots and who has shown poise and action to weed out corruption and irregularities within the ministry. This is a young woman with an impeccable track record of over 20 years in leadership roles and public service. Have we lost our conscience? Can we quantify the untold hardship that sometimes irreversible, vulnerable people across Nigeria must have gone through and are still going through because of this action of allowing the plans of the corrupt people to prevail? Of all the 8-point agenda the president campaigned on, weeding out corruption, Poverty alleviation, women and youth empowerment were the core. Have we asked ourselves, how has the continuous suspension of the best-performing Minister, as per the Guardian UK in 2023, correlated with this agenda? While the President intends to suspend the minister so that the system can be investigated, the period concerning the suspended minister was barely 4 months. Given that all the projects she achieved were legally genuine with due approvals and the said transfer of 587 million Naira which she wrote officially to the Accountant General and payments were made from the accountant general office, Given that she followed a laid down regulation from Chapter 14 section (iii) of the Federal Government Financial regulations, which states clearly that “ in the disbursement of funds for non-personal advance for project/special programs, the leader of the project/special programs shall be the accounting officer, while an accountant of an appropriate grade shall be attached to each project/special programs and have responsibility for the disbursements as well as retirements of the non-personal advances”. According to these financial regulation guidelines, the so-called private account to which funds were transferred is a qualifying account, which is managed by the Project accountant and there is evidence to show that the funds reached the intended beneficiaries in different states. If anything, Dr. Edu proved she is a staunch advocate for the rule of law, takes the President's directives seriously, and operates in accordance with the shared vision the president campaigned on. The least she deserves, the least people whom she has reached out to within her first 140 days in office deserve, the least the poor and vulnerable deserve, the least young productive minds with high-value-addition deserves and the least Nigeria as a Nation deserves is that the President, as the Commander, push aside completely the false narrative, boldly speak to Nigerians as a great leader, who have been misled by some disgruntled persons around him and some media houses, and without delay re-instate Dr. Betta Edu as Minister of Humanitarian Affairs and Poverty Alleviation. Anything short of this result leaves more questions than answers. The effect of this action or inaction is so enormous that it determines the effect this will have on young people or women globally who are being forced out of positions of leadership and relegated to the back burner. We have seen presidents claim they are fighting corruption; this is a clear case study. Is our President Truly fighting corruption? Is he laying the groundwork for corruption to win? Are we adopting the saying that says if you can’t win them, you join them? What precedence are we laying here? Be bold, be courageous, and take the fight against the corrupt system until they bulge or simply succumb to their tactics and let corruption consume our beloved country. I wonder who Dr. Edu is protecting. In all of these she has said nothing! Who is she scared of? Why is she not defending herself with facts? Is she being made to keep mute? Is she being bullied by a corrupt system into keeping mute, does she regret her actions of exposing corruption? The facts are clear that she is not part of the corruption in the system. Rather, she raised the alarm to call out this corruption. In other climes, in line with ethics, the Minister should be praised, promoted and awarded so that other young women in power or aspiring to take up leadership roles in our country can confidently maintain impeccable service and commitment to our dear Nations development. This battle must not be lost because she dared ask questions about people using stolen funds to hijack the media. The battle must not be lost for the sake of the reputation Dr. Edu has built over the years. This battle must not be lost for the sake of all she has achieved within the first 140 days working tirelessly for the renewed hope agenda and Humanity. This battle must not be prolonged or lost for the sake of the vulnerable, the biggest losers in this time of freeze action. The battle must not be lost to those intentionally allowing the investigation to drag on. The battle is for us all, and this is how to win: Re-Instate Dr. Betta Edu. Our own President, Bola Ahmed Tinubu, did not bow to pressure when he was the Governor of Lagos State, and the state was starved of Monthly allocations. You did not bow to pressure when the former Governor of the Central Bank of Nigerian redesigned the Naira to decimate your presidential race. You did not bow to pressure when your adversaries were using fake edited memes, fake propaganda and all sort of lies to defame your character all over the media. Our Dear President, under pressure, you always come out victorious. Please make history again. Re-instate Dr. Betta Edu today and let the good work continue.
Kayode Michael Arimoro. USA Civil right Analyst; Founder- Sustainable National Movement Author, Entrepreneur, Systems and Automation Subject Matter Expert.
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2024.04.27 20:17 Forsaken-Location796 Classroom Management Advice

I’ve never used Reddit before so forgive me if I don’t know what I’m doing.
I am in my second year teaching at a 1-5 elementary school. I teach 15 classes (3 of each grade level) and 4th grade instrumental lessons.
Some general ed teachers brought to my mentors attention that I lack consequences and classroom management skills (none of them have been in my class longer than dropping the kids off and picking them up to really see what goes on in my classroom btw). And basically next year is my make it or break it year.
I’m seeking advice on classroom management and what types of consequences work.
Here’s what I’ve implemented so far: -worksheet packets for individuals misbehaving instead of participating in the activity -email home -fix it ticket where students write what they did wrong and why it’s important to change this behavior that then gets sent home to be signed by a parent or guardian -whole class apology letters
I am not allowed to take recess or hold kids after school since it’s elementary.
None of these teachers have spoken directly to me about this or have offered advice on what works for their classroom. They make it sound like my classroom is a tornado which is completely not true.
I don’t have much context other than that. But I am trying my best and hope to be met with some advice and compassion! I know the first few years (if not more) of teaching are difficult.
Thanks in advance!!
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2024.04.26 03:27 amk1799 A prof who I've never met has said she'll write a LOR yet doesn't want my CV or transcripts?? All she knows is I got an A in her course. No idea what she'll write... anyone have a similar situation?

I'm a non trad & unfortunately all my pre-reqs were online (Took during covid). I need LOR from 2 science profs. One actually knows me well- he hosted lots of office hours and group worksheet activities and when I asked him if he'd write one he said yes and wanted my transcripts, cv and personal statement to help.. so i feel good about that.
For my second science prof I really didn't know who to ask because these classes were super big and online, so no way they'll remember me. So I reached out to one saying I really enjoyed her class. I said that all my pre-reqs were online so it was hard to foster a relationship but I would love if she'd write me a LOR and I could meet her and/or give her my CV, personal statement and transcripts. All she responded with was asking what my grade was in the course, I said an A. She said she'd write one. I then asked her if she'd like my CV/personal statement/transcript, she didn't respond to that part of my email and simply just said to put her email in interfolio so she gets reminders. I sent another email saying to make sure the letter has a letterhead and a sig, and *again* said- please let me know if you'd like any info to help you write this! Again she ignored the question and said "thanks!" I am so confused by this because she literally doesn't know if I am even a man or a woman (my name can be boy or girl) and she knows nothing about me except that I received an A in her course, so I am just wondering what she would even include in this letter. Unsure what to do as I need a second science course. I think I'll just reach out to someone else, has anyone had a similar experience?
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2024.04.26 02:49 c0d3rman An Explanation of Possessive Noun Conjugation in Hebrew

Created for Exion (u/Informal_Patience821) as part of our conversation about this post.
Here is an explanation of Hebrew suffixes: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffixes_in_Hebrew
In our case, the relevant section is “pronominal suffixes”. These are the ones you use when you want to conjugate a noun to be possessive. For example let’s start with the base word “סוּס” (horse). I want to say “His horse is black”. Here’s how I do it:
So I go under Singular nouns and use the Third person, singular, masculine possessive suffix. That gives me “סוּסוֹ”,
Now there are two ways to make this plural. If I want to say “His horses are black” [one male person owns multiple horses] here’s how I do it:
So I go under Plural nouns and use the Third person, singular, masculine possessive suffix. That gives me “סוּסָיו”.
On the other hand if I want to say “Their horse is black” [multiple male people own one horse], here’s how I do it:
So I go under Singular nouns and use the Third person, plural, masculine possessive suffix. That gives me “סוּסָם‎”.
I can also do both! If I want to say “Their horses are black” [multiple male people own multiple horses] here’s how I do it:
So I go under Plural nouns and use the Third person, plural, masculine possessive suffix. That gives me “סוּסֵיהֶם”.
As you can see it’s really complicated, and this is a relatively standard case without any special forms or exceptions. Here’s a useful tool for viewing all of the conjugations of any base word: https://www.pealim.com/. To look up “סוּס” you would search it and then choose its dictionary entry. Click on “show” under “Forms with pronominal affixes” and you’ll see all the possible forms of the word.
Now let’s do this for שׁוֹק (thigh). You can see a whole bunch of forms there. If we find שׁוֹקָיו you’ll see that:
Overall we get “his thighs”.
You can also do this yourself - the suffix “יו” is on that Wikipedia page under Plural nouns as Third person, singular, masculine possessive.
So now let’s look at the original verse, Song of Solomon 5:15:
שֹׁוקָיו עַמּוּדֵי שֵׁשׁ
This translates to “his thighs [are] pillars of marble”. You’re right that the plurality of the first word must agree with the second word. But more specifically, since we are comparing thighs to pillars, the noun number of each word must match. Both must be plural nouns, and they are!
As you can see, we can change the person number as much as we want without issue - it doesn’t matter if I’m talking about “his thighs” or “their thighs”. So long as the noun number is plural (“thighs” and not “thigh”) it’s correct.
If we tried to make עַמּוּדֵי into a name, we’d run into the same grammatical issue. A name is a singular noun. So we’d have “his thighs [are] Amudi” - the noun number doesn’t match. We’re comparing a plural noun (thighs) to a singular noun (Amudi).
Furthermore, we run into an issue with the following word - we get “his thighs [are] Amudi marble.” That doesn’t make sense; “marble” doesn’t fit there. You could try to reread the word as “six” (שֵש) but it doesn’t help; you get “his thighs [are] Amudi six” which still doesn’t work. The reason “marble” makes sense in the verse is because the word before it, עַמּוּדֵי, is a plural noun in the construct state! Put it in https://www.pealim.com/ and you’ll see that it’s a conjugation of עַמּוּד (pillar) in the plural construct state. That’s where the “of” comes from in “pillars of marble”.
Finally, you proposed an alternative translation of שֹׁוקָיו as coming from the root שׁקק, relating to desire. However, the issue is that this root cannot be conjugated this way. Now that you know about these suffixes you can conjugate שׁקק into all of its forms. Search it in that website and you’ll see all words based on it (there’s only 2). Look at all the forms of the first and second words and you’ll see שֹׁוקָיו is not present. So this word cannot come from that root; two words might look similar if you only consider the letters, but that doesn’t mean one can turn into the other, just like there’s no way to conjugate “eat” into “heat”.
Now that you know conjugations you can try putting it into practice. For example, why did Psalm 147:10 translate “בְשׁוֹקֵי” as plural? Well, it’s the plural construct state of the word (בְ means “in”). Why do most other verses translate it as singular? Because those verses have the word שׁוֹק, which is singular. Or why does Isaiah 64:11 translate “מַחֲמַדֵּינוּ” as plural? Well, it’s the 1st person plural masculine possessive plural noun form of the word. As you’ve seen there are a million conjugations of each word that are only very subtly different from each other and it can be really really tricky, so always double-check and feel free to ask me about a specific word if you want.
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2024.04.25 06:02 anny_t_ka Cracking the Grammar Code: Gamified Tactics for Mastering German Like a Boss

Cracking the Grammar Code: Gamified Tactics for Mastering German Like a Boss
https://preview.redd.it/vwxyvx974ewc1.png?width=1920&format=png&auto=webp&s=5897eecd98f3f6d42f5fc5ecec968f31d94d3da7
Ah, German grammar — the looming, Frankensteinian beast that haunts the dreams of even the bravest language learners. With its daunting case systems, mind-boggling compound nouns, and delightfully tongue-twisting consonant clusters, getting a solid handle on the rules can feel more daunting than scaling the Matterhorn in lederhosen.
But what if we told you there was a way to tame this frightening grammatic franken-monster? By harnessing the power of interactive, gamified learning strategies, you could potentially reprogram your brain to absorb and apply the intricacies of German grammar like a slick Teutonic machine.
Now, we know what you’re thinking — how could something as humdrum as grammar drills ever be considered “fun”? But stick with me here. These aren’t your garden-variety fill-in-the-blank worksheets destined for the recycling bin. We’re talking full-blown immersive brain-training that hooks your competitive drive and transforms tenses into adrenaline-packed battles to the language victor’s podium.

Digital Duels and Quest-Based Conjugation

Thanks to technology, innovative apps and online platforms are transforming esoteric grammar concepts into epic story-driven campaigns. You’ll find yourself leveling uprie, verb tables as you progress through German language quests. By personifying grammar rules as mythical characters or fierce opponents to be conquered, even the dreaded Akkusativ and Dativ cases take on an irresistible video game sheen.
Better yet, many programs now integrate speech recognition, soarmed enemy figures on-screen will hurl gendered nouns at you to properly pluralize or identify the linguistic warriors lurking within compound word fortresses. Talk about immersive!

Board Games That Let Nouns and Verbs Mingle

On the flip side, plenty of old-school analog activities can still add some spice to textbook tedium. Board and card games offer clever physical mechanics for visualizing and internalizing syntax, article usage, gender agreements, and more.
Envision verb math races where you blurt out perfectly conjugated forms while hurtling tokens around the board. Or collaborative card-based storytelling that incentivizes creativity while organically reinforcing vocabulary alongside grammar lessons. All happening amid raucous laughter and friendly trash-talking that ups the learning ante.
https://preview.redd.it/bhn7d1z74ewc1.png?width=1920&format=png&auto=webp&s=c7ddb41f4b4a8a0da0e3691fa33a56b1357c5ac3

When Screen-Free Still Means Interactive

Even without digital frills or gamified bells-and-whistles, there are plenty of hands-on methods for getting your grammar groove on. Engaging classroom antics like drillithons — where students take turns verbally firing off grammar challenges — can harness peer competition and social dynamics for primo retention.
Or get your inner theatrical flair on through tools like grammar songs and cheeky skits acted out with exaggerated emphases on proper noun cases and verb conjugations. The sillier and more ridiculous the scenario, the more those foundational grammar tenets will solidify.
At the end of the day, injecting playfulness and immersive participation into the dreary process of grammar study accomplishes something truly magical — it goads your brain into processing linguistic patterns as familiar systems and symbols rather than ethereal academic constructs. Whether battling furry German mascots or clashing word warriors, those foundational grammar concepts become intuitive pieces of an irresistible gamified experience you’ll hungrily crave more of.
So ditch the dusty textbook for tech-savvy adventures, physical challenges, or straight-up ludic linguistic lunacy. Treat your brain to those sweet, sweet grammar gratifications it didn’t even realize it craved. The more you make grammar acquisition feel like indulging in German Gesamt levels of fun and competition, the more hardwired those pesky rules and exceptions will become.
And who knows — maybe with enough gamified grammar-geddon breakthroughs, you’ll find yourself actually looking forward to flexing those new hard-earned skills as you Anschluss to conversational mastery of this once-monstrous language.
So, what gamified techniques have worked best for your personal language triumph quest so far? Or if you’re still seeking the ideal immersive grammar hack, what’s your preferred learning style — app gaming, tabletop theatrics, good old-fashioned grammar games and stories? We’re all ears for new tactics to try, so hit us with those interactive German grammar secrets in the comments!
Read our blog on How to count in German
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2024.04.25 05:24 melody5697 Should I get tested for ADHD?

26F, 5'3", 151 lbs, white, living in the US. I have PCOS (my only significant symptom is somewhat irregular periods, which are mostly just an inconvenience, but apparently a test said I had high testosterone when I was 15), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (but my thyroid is still able to compensate, so thyroid tests come back normal), major depressive disorder (recurring episodes; not currently experiencing one), and borderline personality disorder. I take bupropion XL 150 mg.
My sister, who recently started taking ADHD medication, thinks I have ADHD. A close friend thinks maybe I have ADHD (albeit because she has ADHD and she generally clicks with people with ADHD in a certain way and she clicks with me in that way). A guy at work thinks I may have ADHD. A coworker from a previous job asked if I have ADHD. So I'm just kind of wondering if maybe they have a point? But maybe they're way wrong.
Reasons why maybe I really do have ADHD:
On the other hand, here's why maybe I don't have ADHD:
Should I maybe get checked out? A few other things worth noting: I seem to have mild sensory issues. Nothing that actually affects my everyday life too much, but I have trouble thinking and processing when I'm in really loud environments. Which is why I don't like most bars or loud parties even though I'm an extrovert. Also, I've had multiple mental health professionals say that they thought I might be on the autism spectrum, but not anyone who actually knew me. Usually people who had only met me once (and also the doctors in the mental hospital I was in for a few days last summer). I'm pretty sure I'm actually not, though. Oh, and I drink coffee most mornings before work and then I usually drink more coffee (or an energy drink, if I didn't sleep well or if I just feel like it) during my first break (but not usually at my second break because that's at 3 PM and I read that you shouldn't consume caffeine after 3 PM).
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2024.04.24 02:20 darkgoalie342ut Franchise Coaches and Coach Development year over year.

Franchise Coaches and Coach Development year over year.
System/ PS4 : NHL23
I have struggled to find the right coaches in my franchise. For my Team I brought back an old local minor hockey team to the NHL, with a current local minor Hockey team as my AHL team.
My Franchise:
(That was a frustrating process since just swapping a created team sticks me with an existing AHL team and now way to change that. I will say that figuring out how to get through the expansion draft, has taken me about a year of testing different things to get the roster I wanted – mostly historic figures from those two minor league teams that used to play in the old defunct IHL and AHL feeding the NHL from the 1980’s until the AHL team left in the mid 2000’s.) I had to create 35 of the players from scratch and a few of the others went on to be solid NHL players and end up on Alumni Rosters (mostly mid 80ish OVR). I used some of the recent local players who are on various AHL/ECHL/Euro rosters to fill in my AHL team. To keep things interesting in the league I added some Alumni teams (North Stars, Whalers, Sabres, and some others).
Back to the coaches.
  1. Budget: The best budget I could even get (restarting the franchise at least a hundred times) was 3-4 million on average. At the start of the franchise there are so few coaches even available this was a challenge. It was clear that I had to just eek out the first year.
  2. Coaches: I have been reading a lot of the forum posts about coaches, thanks to all of you have provided detailed and useful insights.
  3. Offseason 1 (Coaching Budget 4.353m): I used the trick to hire some coaches I thought were important and one I could fire for ridiculous money, spending my entire budget and then moving those coaches into the “non-critical” slots:
Coaches (I Hired to max out the budget)
· NHL Goalie Coach (Hired NHL Assoc Coach) With a Goalie Specialization A teaching and ended up keeping this coach in the position.
· AHL Associate Coach (Hired NHL Assoc Coach) This coach was a good fit - I kept with mind to use as future HC.
· AHL Asst Coach (Hired AHL Head Coach) I intended this to be my AHL Head Coach and ended up keeping as my Assistant.
· AHL Goalie Coach (Hired NHL Assoc Coach) this was my intended NHL Head Coach. Ended up making this my NHL Associate Coach.
4) Season 2 and Budget & Workaround: I used the trick left all my critical Coaching Spots Open. (NHL Head, NHL Assoc, NHL Asst, AHL Head) Budget increased to 8.605m!
  1. · NHL Head it gave me an expensive and very well rounded HC with a 4 year contract.
  2. · AHL Head it gave me an solid well rounded HC with a 3 year contract. I fired and rehired that coach to 8 year contract and extra 50k.
  3. · NHL Assoc, I moved my intended Assoc Coach here, he is B rated, so I figured good to learn from the excellent HC that the game hired for me since I have that coach for a 4 year contract. Then I will promote this coach to the HC spot.
  4. · NHL Assistant, I hired another NHL Associate Coach for 8 years.
  5. · NHL Goalie Coach I left in place, even though it was an expensive coach, helps me keep my Coach Budget maxed, since the unused funds do not buildup in a way that can be used later.
  6. · AHL Assoc, I hired a really good NHL Associate Coach, also on an 8 year contract.
  7. · AHL Assistant, I kept my intended AHL Head Coach, as he was Defensive and that rounded out my staff.
  8. · AHL Goalie Coach, I hired a coach that fit the remaining budget on an 8 year contract.
In my several attempts I have learned that there are not really good coaches until you get into the third off-season.
I put a lot of work into creating my team, creating the roster of historical roster (to the created team), and I honestly would create coaches if the game allowed. (Incomprehensible that with all the parlor tricks in the game, they don’t seem to care enough to add this tiny feature.) I would be unsatisfied going through the constant coaching carousel every off season.
After reading many great posts, I did not see a post talking about the coach development (one probably already exists). Hopefully someone will find this useful.
Tracking Coach Development
I put the information into a table on a excel worksheet to track the coach development and get a better understanding of how it was functioning in the game. This is not tracking the interaction or development of individual players. (Doing this for individual players would require weeks of data entry – so this is just a simple overview.)
After setting this up for the beginning of season 2, I have also finished season 2. (In the first season, I fired all the coaches. I did not learn about the budget trick until I had already started a second season. I was willing to replay the partial second season, but I was not going all the way back to start from scratch of the very first season of the franchise. So much of my time was spent getting the team with the correct roster of players, since as an expansion team with a created AHL Team – the options are, as well all know, frustratingly limited.)
On the individual coach profiles under the grades is the experience points. I have no idea how coaches get those, but clearly it is showing the skill grade C and under the C is 4201/5001. In my many restarts of my franchise it was clear the numbers were changing. (Don’t ask me to decode the specific coding in the game how those are determined. I am not that good on any day of the week.)
Predicting Coach Development???
Then I started thinking – could it be predicted how quickly a coach will develop year over year? I have calculated initial predictions based on the first year of performance using their starting stats as a baseline. I am currently in season 3. I will try to post a follow up once I have coach information from completed season 3.
I share a picture of my coach line up after completion of season 2/ start of season 3.
https://preview.redd.it/2ituitd5pbwc1.png?width=2902&format=png&auto=webp&s=346e40ca835538761d5d07956f34511660cffae9
In the picture the predicted category experience points are in orange font.
https://preview.redd.it/45jkqg3aacwc1.png?width=680&format=png&auto=webp&s=c965444d9991b557735a29d6adf64f56abf3a78c
submitted by darkgoalie342ut to EANHLfranchise [link] [comments]

2024.04.24 01:27 sinovictorchan Jitasama Grammar critique 2024/4/23

I will review the recently introduced constructed world language called Jitasama according to its description from the jitasama_grammar_2023.pdf by Andraw Meyer and Vicente Costalago:
1) It focuses on minimalist phonology, simple grammar, and vocabulary based on the 15 most spoken languages in the world. Despite the statement of minimalist phonology, the phoneme inventory is not reduced too much and is like the worldlang with more success like similar to Globasa and Pandunia.
2) The accent is based on Nigerian Pidgin English. It mentions the pronunciation of the phoneme in details and not refer to external sources like IPA for its pronunciation which takes up unneccessary reading time for information that could be taken from other source like documents on IPA.
3) There seems to be lack of a few linguistic concepts since the document state that diphthongs should be pronounced as two vowels, which make it unnatural, and to "pronounce" segments from different syllables "separately" from each other without specification of what it mean by pronouncing separately. It uses a phonemic glottal stop for one of its word , but it did not register the glottal stop as a phoneme. There are no explicit statement on the phonotactics, intonation, or stress pattern.
4) It has a particle to mark plural except for personal pronouns which use irregular plural marker, two preceding determiners, possessive pronouns, <-i-> as epenthesis, and prepositions. The other function words precede the content words that it modified. Reduplication on noun and adjective convert the word to adjective and signify emphasis. The word order is SVO and noun-adj. From this information, the word order has some biases to Romance languages with the exception of the reduplication function.
submitted by sinovictorchan to auxlangs [link] [comments]

2024.04.21 19:34 PastTheStarryVoids Lhel: A Language of Laziness

Introduction

A year or so ago I read a comment suggesting that an unmarked negative could be used in a language where the speakers are really lazy but still want to talk about the things they’re not doing. (I think the comment was by u/good-mcrn-ing but I haven’t been able to find it.) The other day that comment popped into my head, and I had a bunch of other ideas. Without further ado, I present the jokelang Lhel, a language of laziness.

Phonology

Labial Alveolar Glottal
Central Lateral
Stop p t ʔ ‹q›
b d
Nasal m̥ ‹mh› n̥ ‹nh›
m n
Continuant s l̥ ‹lh›
z l
This consonant inventory seemed the most mumble-y to me, without having so few phonemes that words would need to be very long.
There are only two vowels, /ə/ ‹e› and /əː/ ‹a›. However, /s/ or any voiced non-plosive can be syllabic, indicated with an apostrophe after the letter(s). The syllable structure is (C)V(C), or (C)S where S is a syllabic consonant. The apostrophe is omitted if there are two consonants in a row where they couldn’t appear unless one were syllabic, and the second is syllabic.

Verbs

Negative by default

The speakers of Lhel, being very lazy, mostly talk about things they aren’t doing. Thus, the negative is unmarked. To indicate that an utterance is not negated, you need the affirmative particle nen.
Mhe zeq.
eat potato.chips
“I’m not eating potato chips.”
Nen mhe zeq.
AFF eat potato.chips
“I am eating potato chips.”
This applies to verbless utterances as well:
A: Nen la! Ma?
AFF walk! 2?
“I’m going to walk around! [Are any of] you [coming]?”
B: Et.
1x
“Not me.”
C: Et. …Nen et, nen la.
1x. …AFF 1x, AFF walk
“No. …Actually yeah, I’ll walk.”

Wants and intentions

Sem marks that the speakers want to do something, but suggests that they aren’t going to. If it appears with nen, that means that the speaker does intend to.
Sem beq.
OPT get.up
“I want to get up (but I don’t think I’m going to).”
Sem nen beq.
OPT AFF get.up
“I want to get up (and I think I’m actually going to).”
Mhamh marks that the speaker doesn’t want to do something:
Mhamh beq.
not.want get.up
“I don’t want to get up.”

Maybe

The particle lheq indicates that something might be the case, but the speaker doesn’t know, probably because they’re too lazy to check.
Nen lheq lhel az.
AFF might comfortable outside
“It might be nice outside.”
It’s also used with temporal or spatial words to indicate that something is so distant the speaker thinks it doesn’t really matter (see “Tense” and “Demonstratives” below).

Counterfactual optatives

Zaq on its own indicates that the speaker wishes something were (or weren’t), but it isn’t so.
A: Zaq beq. Zaq mene beq.
wish get.up. wish have.to get.up
“I wish I hadn’t gotten up. I wish I didn’t have to get up.”
B: Zaq ma ba.
wish 2 say
“I wish you hadn’t said that.”

Tense

Lhel has two tense markers: past sl and future n. These are optional, and aren’t typically used once a context is established. They also often occur on their own. See the below dialogue for examples of both.
A: Sl nen ez les-ap. Nhem.
PST ADD see thing-fly. know
“I saw a bird earlier. I don’t know what kind it was/any more about that.”
B: Se mal?
3 brown?
“Was it brown?”
A: Lheq. Nen mas.
maybe. AFF probably
“Not sure. I think so.”
B: Lheq lham tan. Nen les-ap na.
possible check computer. AFF thing-fly many
“You could look it up on a computer. [Computers know about] many birds.”
A: N.
FUT
“I’m not going to.”
B: Sen. Et pn n.
OPT. 1x also FUT
“I want to. I also am not going to.”
If a tense marker is followed by lheq ‘maybe, I don’t know’ it means the speaker thinks the event is so distant in time that it doesn’t matter.
Sl lheq nen bap mhene lhel.
PST whatever AFF get chair comfortable
“A long time ago I got this comfortable chair.”

Imperatives

Imperatives can be formed with ns, but the more common particle is mem, which asks the listener to ask someone else to do something.
Mem bez baqe; et mhe zeq.
ask.another remove trash; 1x eat potato.chips
“Could you ask someone to take out the trash for me? I’m busy eating potato chips.”
You often find imperatives with tes, a preposition that gives a reward or bribe.
A: Ns tes qebe sel?
IMP for jelly.bean one
“Would you do it if I gave you a jelly bean?”
B: Et, nen tes na.
1x, AFF for many
“No, [but I would] for a lot [of jelly beans].”
A: Et. Ta?
1x. few?
“No. For a few?”
B: Na!
many!
“Many!”
A: Qebe na benh.
jelly.bean many in.reach
“I don’t have many jelly beans here.”
B: Nen, qebe ta.
AFF, jelly.bean few
“Actually, I’ll take the few jelly beans.”

Nouns

Number

Nouns are usually not marked for number. There are a few words that give a quantity, however: sel ‘one’, ta ‘a few’, and na ‘many’. There’s also lepe, which indicates that something is more than expected, or that the speaker only meant to do something a little bit but did a lot instead.
Nen mhe qebe lepe.
AFF eat jelly.bean more.than.expected
“I ate a lot of jelly beans (but I only meant to eat a few).”
Nen dede lepe.
AFF rain more.than.expected
“It’s still raining.” or “It’s raining more than I thought it would.”

Pronouns

Lhel has a very simple pronominal system. There’s a first person pronoun et, which may be singular or plural but excludes the listener; a first person plural inclusive pronoun delh; a second person pronoun ma; and a third person pronoun se. These pronouns are number-indifferent, but can be modified by quantifiers, e.g. ta se ‘a few, a few of them’.
-listener +listener
-speaker se (3) ma (2)
+speaker et (1x) delh (1i)

Demonstratives

Demonstratives in Lhel indicate whether something is in reach of the speaker or listener. Benh ‘here’ is used for things in reach of the speaker, base is for things by the listener, and qene for things out of the reach of both. Demonstratives can’t be used as nouns, e.g. benh is ‘here’ or ‘this (use with noun)’, but not ‘this one’. To express that, you pair it with a third person pronoun: se benh ‘this one’.
Lheq ‘maybe, don’t know’ can be used with qene for things so far away the speaker thinks it doesn’t affect them:
Nen pse-eme qene lheq.
AFF white-sky out.of.reach don’t.know
“There are clouds all the way up there/out there.”

Nominalizing

Currently I’ve made one derivational suffix, the action nominalizer -sm. You can find it in the language’s endonym, Basm Lhel ‘comfortable talking’. (Lhel is an exonym derived from this.)
Note: To speak Lhel is ba lhel ‘talk comfortably’.

Syntax

Basic ordering

The basic ordering is SVO. First person subject are almost always omitted, and many other things are omitted if clear from context. Verbs describing the general environment simply take no subject.
Nen dede-a.
AFF rain-AUG
“It’s raining hard.”
Within a noun phrase, adjectives follow the noun, and determiners come after that. Adverbs come after the verb, or clause finally with a pause before.

Verb particle ordering

As we saw above, Lhel has quite a few pre-verbal particles. The ordering is tense, optative or imperative, then affirmative. Lheq ‘maybe, I’m not sure’ is put before what it modifies, except that it comes after tense and demonstratives when modifying them.

Non-verb predicates

Non-verb predicates simply put the adjective or noun after the subject.
Et mep-azez.
1x person-run
“I’m not an athlete.”
Nen et des.
AFF 1x tired
“I’m tired/sleepy.”
Et le taz.
1x with praiseworthy
“I’m not successful.”

Yes and no

‘Yes’ and ‘no’ are expressed as a pronoun with or without the affirmative marker.
A: Nen dede?
AFF rain?
“Is it raining?”
B: Se/nen se.
3/AFF 3
“No/yes.”
There’s also the particle pn ‘same, also’. On its own it means the speaker is in a similar situation to the one described. This is important for building a sense of connection between speakers.
A: La az.
walk outside
“I’m not walking outside.”
B: Pn.
same
“Same.”
submitted by PastTheStarryVoids to conlangs [link] [comments]

2024.04.21 15:14 Sure-Wishbone-4293 Matthew 28:19

Matthew 28:19
Matthew 28:19
And Yeshua came and said to them, "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Go therefore and disciple all nations baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe everything I have commanded you.
Trinitarian Claim
Trinitarians claim that Matthew 28:19 is identifying the three persons of their triune God*. This claim is often made by making a further claim that the word "name" in the singular means that we are to understand these three are the one triune God who has one name.
Matthew 28:19 is often used as a beginning tutorial verse to teach people the trinity.
The Claim vs. The Facts
The Scriptural facts show us that trinitarians are not only disregarding the immediate context, they are imagining their doctrine into the text.
The Problem with the Claim
  1. Eisegetical Interpretation
The trinitarian interpretation is simply reading the trinity doctrine into the text. First, the trinitarian counts, "one, two, three," as he has been conditioned to do, and then tells himself that Matthew 28:19 is referring to the trinity. Second, the trinitarian must then suppose that this verse does not simply mean, "God, God's Son, and God's Holy Spirit." Rather, through a feat of some very peculiar mental gymnastics, he imagines that these three are the one God, and by an act of his own WILL, he decides for himself to label all three as the one God instead of simply recognizing that the one God is one of the aforementioned three. He must also assume, prior to interpreting this verse, that the Holy Spirit is a separate third person. The Holy Spirit is not a person using the trinity definition.
Whenever trinitarians can count "one, two, three" they somehow imagine this amounts to their three in one God. Why they would think that all three together are to be identified as "God," when one of these three is already identifiable as "God," is a fascinating study in eisegesis and the peculiarities of the trinitarian mindset. Non-trinitarians also believe that a relational unity exists between the Father, Son and Holy Spirit and so there is nothing unusual about mentioning these three. The issue is the nature of that unity and whether or not these three constitute one triune God. You will note the passage does not refer to these three as "God." Trinitarians impose that preconceived idea into the passage. Trinitarians want to believe that if the Father, Son and Holy Spirit are mentioned together, this means we are talking about a three in one God in unity of being. However, if only the Father is God and Matthew had intended to illustrate the unity of purpose of God the Father, His Son, and His Holy Spirit, he would need to mention them together. Having a relationship with God and having a unity of purpose with God does not thereby mean one is "God" by identity. Moreover, in the immediately preceding context of this passage, the Son of God declares he has been given all authority in heaven and earth, an obvious reference to the Father handing authority over to the Son. And the Father is already Lord of heaven and earth and does not have to be given any authority since He is already above all since he is "God" (Matthew 11:25; Luke 10:21). Yeshua was given this authority upon his resurrection and this is precisely what it means for him to have ascended to the right hand of the throne of God (see also Acts 2:36).
  1. Two Persons + Holy Spirit = 3 Persons?
Trinitarians must assume that three distinct persons are being mentioned here. The plainest reading of the verse tells us that people are to be baptized in the name of: (1) God the Father, (2) God's Son, and (3) God's Spirit. There is no reason here to suppose we are to identify all three as God when God is one of the aforementioned three and God's Son and God's Spirit are mentioned along with God. The Scriptural facts also show us that we cannot presume the Holy Spirit is a separate and distinct third person simply because two persons are mentioned along with the Holy Spirit. The following passage makes this quite clear:
For there are three that testify: the Spirit and the water and the blood; and the three are in agreement. 1 John 5:8 Three persons? Trinitarians know the Spirit in this verse is their third Person of the trinity. Must we then assume that the water and blood are each a person too? Or conversely, should we assume the Spirit is not a person because the Spirit is mentioned with two other things which are not persons? It is rather obvious here that one cannot insist the Holy Spirit in Matthew 28:19 is a separate third person because the Spirit is mentioned with two other persons. This trinitarian claim doesn't hold “water” as the Bible demonstrates.
Trinitarian hypocrisy concerning this claim is also illstrated when we compare this claim with their claims at Genesis 18-19. In Genesis 18, the account identifies three men. It not only sums them up to three in total but the account also tells us that all three are "men" and two of these three men leave the other one behind, go to Sodom, and are identified as angels in the next chapter. Yet trinitarians deny these are three angels and think the third is not an angel even though they were identified as "three men." Matthew 28:19 doesn't sum up anything for the reader nor tell us whether any of them are persons. Nevertheless, we are expected to believe the Holy Spirit is a person because the Father and Son are obviously persons. Why then do these same trinitarians deny that all three men are angels at Genesis 18 since the other two are angels, especially when the account identifies them all in one category as "three men?" There is even more reason here to believe all three men are three angels than to believe the three at Matthew 28:19 are three persons. But they don't seem to care about truthful consistency and deny their own argument at Genesis 18. Hypocrites!
  1. Questionable Authenticity
A certain irregularity occurs in this particular passage. Here Yeshua has just declared "all authority has been given to "ME." But he then goes on to say, "Go, therefore and make disciples of all nations baptizing them in the name of the Father and Son and Holy Spirit." One would expect him to say "... all authority has been given to me. Go, therefore, and baptize in my name." Furthermore, we find in the book of Acts that this is precisely just what the disciples ended up doing: baptizing in Yeshua’ name. We find absolutely nobody baptizing in the name of Father, Son and Holy Spirit in the Bible. Even further, Yeshua goes on to say in this passage, "teaching them to observe all the things I commanded you..." The instruction to keep "all I have commanded you" again reflects back on the fact that all authority had been given to "me." He is the authority commanding the disciples to keep his teaching and to teach others to keep his teaching. The phrase "baptizing them in the name of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit" seems very out of place within the context.
All authority is give to ONE (Yeshua) Baptize in the name of THREE (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) Teach them to observe all the ONE has commanded (Yeshua) This make the authenticity of the verse suspicious even on the fact of it.
And even further yet, we find this statement in Luke that Yeshua makes after he rises from the dead.
Thus it is written, that the Christ would suffer and rise again from the dead the third day, and that repentance for forgiveness of sins would be proclaimed in His name to all the nations, beginning from Jerusalem. (Luke 24:47). Here we have a very similar concept. Notice the reference to all nations here in Luke just as we find at Matthew 28:18. And on the Day of Pentecost we find the following:
Therefore let all the house of Israel know for certain that God has made this Yeshua both Lord and Christ whom you crucified." Now when they heard this, they were pierced to the heart, and said to Peter and the rest of the apostles, "Brethren, what shall we do?" Peter said to them, "Repent, and each of you be baptized in the name of Yeshua Maschiach for the forgiveness of your sins; and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. (Acts 2:36-38). Notice that the concept here in Acts of God making Yeshua "Lord" in his resurrection is the same concept as Yeshua words in Matthew, "all authority... has been given to me" at Matthew 28:18. And here we find Peter instructing these men to be baptized in the name of Yeshua Maschiach . So we find in Acts that all authority has been given to Yeshua and so Peter concludes one should be baptized in the name of Yeshua.
And there is yet one more consideration. It is a well known fact that the ending of Mark is highly questionable. In fact, manuscripts have three completely different endings for the book of Mark. And here we are in a similar situation at the end of Matthew. Matthew and Mark are very similar books. Did somebody intentionally corrupt the endings of both Matthew and Mark?
Yeshua said, "Go, therefore." The word "therefore" refers back to the fact he had been given all authority. It seems out of context for Yeshua to say the reason they should baptize in the name of three because he, one person, had been given this authority. And when we look at the Scriptural fact that nobody baptizes in this manner but they did baptize "in the name of Yeshua ." It then certainly appears the reasons for questioning the authenticity of this verse is well founded.
  1. How Eusebius Quoted this Passage
Now one might be quick to dismiss this irregularity but there is even more evidence that this verse might be a corruption. Eusebius, a very important church historian of the early fourth century, appears to have quoted this passage in a form that does not say "Father, Son, and Holy Spirit:"
"But the rest of the apostles, who had been incessantly plotted against with a view to their destruction, and had been driven out of the land of Judea, went unto all nations to preach the Gospel, relying upon the power of Christ, who had said to them, “Go ye and make disciples of all the nations in my name.”" (History, Book III, IV, 2). And he does it again in another work:
What king or prince in any age of the world, what philosopher, legislator or prophet, in civilized or barbarous lands, has attained so great a height of excellence, I say not after death, but while living still, and full of mighty power, as to fill the ears and tongues of all mankind with the praises of his name? Surely none save our only Savior has done this, when, after his victory over death, he spoke the word to his followers, and fulfilled it by the event, saying to them, “Go ye and make disciples of all nations in my name.” (Oration in Praise of Emperor Constantine16, 8). In fact, Eusebius refers to this passage well over a dozen times in the same form as the above quotations. Now you must also be aware that this quotation by Eusebius is also earlier than our earliest manuscripts for this verse. Hence, it is quite possible that a CORRUPTION may have orginated here during the Nicean Controversy. The following quotation is particularly interesting:
For he did not enjoin them “to make disciples of all the nations” simply and without qualification, but with the essential addition “in his name”. For so great was the virtue attaching to his appellation that the Apostle says, "God bestowed on him the name above every name, that in the name of Yeshua every knee shall bow of things in heaven and on earth and under the earth." It was right therefore that he should emphasize the virtue of the power residing in his name but hidden from the many, and therefore say to his Apostles, "Go ye, and make disciples of all the nations in my name.’ (Demonstatio Evangelica, col. 240, p. 136) Obviously, the manuscript of Matthew being used by Eusebius was different than the words we find in today's Bibles. Eusebius is not the only one to provide us with clues concerning this issue:
"In Origen’s works, as preserved in the Greek, the first part of the verse is cited three times, but his citation always stops short at the words ‘the nations’; and that in itself suggests that his text has been censored, and the words which followed, ‘in my name’, struck out." – Conybeare And even more interesting quotation comes from Clement of Alexandria who is citing a Gnostic and not the canonical text:
And to the Apostles he gives the command: Going around preach ye and baptize those who believe in the name of the Father and Son and Holy Spirit.’" - Excerta cap. 76, ed. Sylb. page 287, quote from Conybeare. Therefore, there is weighty evidence that this verse may have been CORRUPTED. These facts are presented here so that you may discern whether a CORRUPTION may have taken place.
However, early manuscripts such as Sinaiticus and Vaticanus do read "Father, Son, and Holy Spirit," and the Didache refers to baptism in this manner, Justin Martyr seems to allude to the same idea, and Irenaeus, Tertullian, Hippolytus, and Cyprian quote the verse as "in the name of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit." Yet again, there may have been two versions of this verse floating around in the early church.
Therefore, it would be useful to ask ourselves whether or not this passage would indeed lend any support to the doctrine of the trinity even if it is authentic. While it is very possible that this verse is a corruption, there is enough evidence to indicate the "Father, Son, Holy Spirit," reading might be authentic.
  1. The Greek word for "name" is singular not plural
The Greek word for "name" in this passage is singular and not plural. It does not say, "into the names of," but "into the name of." Because it is singular, the trinitarian argues that it must refer to one. This is absolutely correct. However they also claim that because three persons follow, it also therefore follows that the one thing to which this word refers is one identity which is therefore the one trinity of three persons, that is, one "God." THIS IS TOTALLY INCORRECT.
Here Yeshua commands his disciples to baptize "in the name of." In the ancient Jewish world, to do something in someone's name meant to do something under another person's authority, character, reputation, plan and purpose. It implies the idea that a subject of that authority is doing the authority's will for that authority. For example, the phrase "Stop in the name of the Monarchy" does not refer to the King's personal name, his surname nor the King and Queen's personal or surnames together. It refers to the plan and purpose and law of the Monarchy as established by their authority. And now we shall see this is exactly how the term is used at Matthew 28:19. In verse 18, Yeshua declares, "all authority in heaven and earth is given to me." He then says, "therefore go." It is a basic tenet of hermeneutics that when one sees the word "therefore" one asks what the word "therefore" is there for. Yeshua is expressing a cause and effect statement. Because he has been given all authority, the disciples are therefore to go out and baptize all nations "in the name of." This language refers back to the authority Yeshua had been given.
It really isn't difficult to demonstrate that trinitarians are in error concerning their claim concerning the reason "name" is singular. For example:
τὸ ὄνομα τῶν πατέρων μου Αβρααμ καὶ Ισαακ the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac (Genesis 48:16) Notice that "name" is not singular because Abraham and Isaac are the same one identity. It is singular to denote the same one reputation and character of Abraham and Isaac. Notice also the following verse:
For whoever is ashamed of me and my words, the son of man will be ashamed of him when he comes in the glory of him and of the Father and of the holy angels. Is the word "glory" in singular form because the Son, the Father, and the holy angels are one being, one identity, or one God? Such a claim would be ridiculous. Yet it does not stop trinitarians from making such a claim at Matthew 28:19 when we have the same kind of grammar.
Analysis of the Facts
  1. The Flow of the Immediate Context
Let us carefully and honestly regard the flow of the immediate context. Yeshua first says all authority is given to "me." He then says to go and baptize in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. Why would he indicate all authority has been give to "me" but then say, "Therefore" go and baptize in the name of three? Honestly regard this singularity. If the trinitarian mindset and flow of thought really made any sense, it should follow that since all authority had been given to Yeshua then the disciples should baptize in the name of Yeshua and be careful to observe everything Yeshua had commanded them and that Yeshua would be with them to the end of the age. But this is not what it says. The question is "why?"
  1. Baptism Confusion
Trinitarians are often very confused by the fact that here the disciples are commanded to baptize in the name of "the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit," but when these trinitarians come to the book of Acts, they see that every single occurrence of baptism shows the disciples baptized "in the name of Yeshua". The very fact that trinitarians are confused about this situation betrays their complete lack of understanding and their corresponding misinterpretation of this passage, not to mention the significance of the resurrection of Yeshua with respect to his authority. Trinitarians often suppose Yeshua is giving his apostles a "baptism formula," that is he is telling them what to say when they baptized people. But if we understand Yeshua properly, the reader of the Bible is left completely without any such confusion when he comes to those passages in Acts which describe people being baptized "in the name of Yeshua." In fact, Peter tells us that there is no other name by which we can be saved but the name of Yeshua. And indeed, Yeshua said all authority had been given to him so one would expect that baptism would be into his name if by the word "name" he meant what you were supposed to say when you baptized someone. But that is not what he meant. Yeshua was not giving the disciples some words to say when they baptized.
What Yeshua was saying in Matthew 28:18 is that the Father has given him, the Son, all authority. We must ask how that occurred. This authority is administered by the Holy Spirit in the disciples who baptize all nations. The reason Father, Son, are mentioned together here is because we have just been told all authority has been given by the Father to the Son. The reason Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are mentioned altogether is because this authority given to Yeshua is administered by his servants via the Holy Spirit. There is absolutely no reason to suppose we have a three person God on our hands.
So when we come to the book of Acts and see them baptize in the name of Yeshua we should not see this as contradicting Yeshua’ instructions in Matthew. Baptizing them in the name of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit was not something they were suppposed to say out loud when they were baptizing. Yeshua was explaining on what terms they would be doing this baptizing. Since Yeshua had been given all authority he would now send out these disciples in HIS name because HE had been given that authority by the Father. And Yeshua sent them out by filling them with the Holy Spirit (John 20:22).
Conclusion
To try and claim this passage indicates that that all men should be baptized into a three person God ignores the facts for the sake of personal imaginations. Counting, "one, two, three" amounts to three not a three in one God. To insist that "name" here is a proper name of the "Father, Son and Holy Spirit" is an hermeneutic violation of the immediate context ignoring the fact that all (singular) authority had been given to Yeshua alone. This occurred when God raised him from the dead and seated him at His right hand. The one thing which the singular "name" is pertaining to, is not the identity of a triune God, but the one authority of God the Father through God's Son in God's Holy Spirit. The disciples are to do these things in the name of the authority of the Father, given to the Son, by the Holy Spirit. And this is why Yeshua commanded his disciples to do nothing until they had received the Holy Spirit from on High (Luke 24:49; Acts 1:4-5,8; 2:33,36). The interpretation presented here is demanded not only by the ancient concept of a "name" but the force of the immediate context and the consistent testimony of the Scriptures. As such, the word "name" is not a reference to one identity, but to one plan and purpose of authority.
The trinitarian interpretation essentially ignores the context for the sake of reading their doctrine into the text. There is absolutely no reason to resort to mental gymnastics and identify all three as God since God is one of the aforementioned three.
  • YHWH
submitted by Sure-Wishbone-4293 to thetrinitydelusion [link] [comments]

2024.04.20 22:23 cipricusss Do ”visuri” and ”vise” have the same meaning or not?

A recent post has received a very highly voted comment that says that the different plural forms of the neuter noun vis - vise vs visuri - express different meanings:
  1. dream=what we dream when we sleep
  2. dream=aspiration, hope, illusion
I have posted a different opinion that basically nobody seems to share. I am astounded, because to me it is clear that meaning number 2 is - like in English and other languages ! - just the figurative use of the same word vis, no matter its plural form. My opinion is supported by the main dictionary Dicționarul Explicativ al limbii române.
https://preview.redd.it/ietmgpc5uovc1.png?width=562&format=png&auto=webp&s=e3f66d4b8e9f660f100b836af2ec03a2cf857350
That dictionary is the one that gives the definition of words with examples, the really authoritative one.
That is reflected in the online source DEX (dexonline.ro) - under section "Definitions" (the section that really counts): there, we find definitions like:
The trouble is that at a different (more basic) address we see this:
https://preview.redd.it/keuw5pkvvovc1.png?width=1299&format=png&auto=webp&s=947d797382c37fce79ae19bcba4bbfb73405652c
Vise and visuri seem to have different meanings. The two sources are in full contradiction. (It is said Vise plăcute can be wished before sleep, as if Visuri plăcute would not be correct at all. But the previous address was clearly saying that somebody can have visuri urâte. Namely: (vis) ~uri (sau ~e*)* plăcute! Urare adresată unei persoane care urmează să se culce. )
At the same time note that at the lower part of the page in the image it is said that Lista completă de definiții se află pe fila definiții. And if we click that we go to the other version of things.
How can this be?
I have found the source of the last opinion (of two separate meanings) in DOOM:
https://preview.redd.it/3g23c688xovc1.png?width=849&format=png&auto=webp&s=1e8f3d4e3c24ff830d14a987c0ba575e2d72eb86
The online version of DOOM3 still supports this idea -here.
What can we do? What is the right path?
It is clear to me that Dicționarul Explicativ al limbii române has precedence over DOOM (Dicționarul ortografic, ortoepic și morfologic). I think DOOM is perpetuating an error!
The many literary examples clearly show that there's no difference between vise and visuri. It is true that in some cases the common use is to prefer one against the other: we may say vise plăcute more often that visuri, but that is because that entire expression (vise plăcute) is a standardized form, not because of a basic semantic difference between the words. Also, in psychology we see that Freud's book Die Traumdeutung was translated as interpretarea viselor, and I agree that visurilor would have sounded odd there. But not because of that semantic difference, but because of the formal and etymological precedence the word vise has in a technical context.
I could dare say that if there are practical cases where *vise "*sound better", that is because this word "sounds better" anyway, and therefore that there is no case where visuri should be obligatory or even preferable. Eminescu says visuri for metric reasons, reasons of prosody, but that doesn't mean that it should have said "vise".
I was initially amazed by the huge up-votes of the linked comment (the one under the other post), which I consider wrong. But now I'm not so amazed, after seeing that the same opinion is not only comforted by DOOM but is repeated by a large number of internet non-specialized articles that say the same thing with apparent authority and no arguments, for example in Libertatea here. Others, like this one in Adevărul is so wrong that it in fact proves my point. It makes a list of nouns (Zece substantive cu forme duble de plural, care definesc realităţi diferite: mese/mase, elemente/elemenți, rapoarte/raporturi, etc) so that it become very clear that vis/visuri shouldn't be on that list, given that the singular of all the others are simply homonyms (have accidentally the same form), which is not true of vis. -- It is clear that vise/visuri is NOT expressing a difference like the one we have in mese/mase. In some cases, like for element, the difference is more subtle, because element is a common root there, like vis. But if we look closer, element (singular) has a clear different meaning based on context (”basic, elementary part” vs ”piece of equipment as part of a heating device, a radiator=ro. calorifer”) and thus clearly represents a different word (a homonym) . That is not at all the case with vis.
Basically, it is without precedent that a word should change meaning only in plural form. Plural forms differ in meaning only if singular forms do too. And if they have the same form they are called homonyms.
It is crazy to think that when I say „Visul pe care l-am avut astă-noapte m-a speriat” and „Visul pe care l-am avut de a deveni fotbalist nu mai are sens” the word „visul” is not the same word, but two different words that happen to have the same form! - Obviously, the second case is just the figurative use of the same word.
submitted by cipricusss to romanian [link] [comments]

2024.04.20 08:49 Andromeda53R just like questions ‘n stuff

Hello, sorry if i say anything wrong here or use harmful terminology, im new to this whole idea. So, mostly Im wondering if two main things would be signs that i should look into plurality more actively. So, to start, ive kinda always had back and forths in my head when im torn on things. not like weighing pros and cons, like theres a debate about it. sidenote, i say always, but thats mostly because all my memories from before 7th-8th grade are heavily fragmented, and a good few years are pretty much not there. I thought that was just weirdness, but maybe not. second thing, I’m trans, and even though i feel like im a really different person, it doesnt feel like the person attatched to my deadname isnt here anymore. its like there was a perfect copy of him made, and nows hes around, just not in control. At school where i wouldn’t feel safe acting feminine, i feel like kinda gets back into the drivers seat, or at least takes shotgun. Again, sorry if i said anything reductive or harmful in this little rant, im just kinda confused and looking for a bit of advice
submitted by Andromeda53R to plural [link] [comments]

2024.04.18 02:55 mining_moron Alien Computers Are Alien Road to Hope

Kyanah computers are really...weird. But what do you think?
They invented machines quite similar to Babbage's analytical engine when their own technology was similar to late 19th century Earth, but unlike Charles Babbage, Kyanah engineers fully implemented this technology and continued to improve upon it, instead of leaving it to languish as a technological dead end. Even before coming to Earth and observing humanity's computers, they were aware of the concept of electronic computers as a theoretical idea, but saw no need to reinvent their pre-existing computer systems from scratch. In time, materials science would advance, leading to a period of exponential advancement and miniaturization, but this would stagnate earlier than our Moore's Law, requiring significant innovations to get around. Eventually, however, advancing nanotechnology allowed the continued miniaturization of gears and other mechanical components to an absurd degree, while the development of room temperature superconductors via zero-G manufacturing solved crucial heat dissipation problems to prevent high-performance computers from simply melting internally.
And so we get to the modern Kyanah computer, a machine similar in its theoretical framework to the Analytical Engine, but so far beyond it as to resemble an alien device (which it literally is). While gears in most computers come in a variety of sizes, the most miniaturized ones have a diameter of just 2-4 nanometers. To enable rapid computation, the fastest gears in consumer-grade computers can spin at around a million RPM, with some components in supercomputers exceeding 10 million RPM, leading to rotational velocities of many kilometers per second. The enormous mechanical stresses these components are put under, especially the highly miniaturized ones, require complex manufacturing processes and advanced alloys. As a result, nanogears (really a proxy term for any nano-scale mechanical computer part, whether it's a gear or something else) are a highly strategic resource and city-states that can produce high-quality ones in bulk enjoy considerable geopolitical advantages, much like the human semiconductor industry.
While the earliest Kyanah computers were powered by steam engines (like the proposed analytical engine) modern ones simply spin the gears with electric motors, which can be powered by either a wall outlet or a battery. They tend to be more power hungry than human electronic computers, drawing over a kilowatt of power for the average desktop, and computers with large components can be quite loud. There has been considerable research into quieter components, but civilian tech lags quite a bit behind what the military has regarding that, and civilian computers are often characterized by a white noise of whirring and clanking. Most Kyanah are used to it and just ignore it, though ear protection is definitely recommended inside a high-performance computing complex. Kyanah computers can also be a bit dangerous; if you were to stick your hand inside one while it's running (disregarding why in the world anyone would ever do that!), it would be swiftly ground into mincemeat by the hypersonic gears and likely destroy the machine in the process. Fortunately for the average consumer, home computers tend to be "idiot-proofed" and automatically shut off if the protective casing is removed or tampered with.
However, in recent years, the very same ultra-dense batteries and supercapacitors used to power handheld railguns have spilled over into the civilian market, allowing for laptops and tablets that can actually run for more than a few minutes without being plugged in. This includes even more portable devices; unlike humans, who carry their portable computing devices in their pockets in the form of phones; Kyanah utilize wrist-mounted equivalents, which are sometimes ornately decorated to convey wealth and status, much like human watches. Even microscopic sensors and nanobots can have non-trivial compute power crammed into them, though it's obviously far more limited than macroscopic devices.
Displays are another area where Kyanah tech has diverged considerably from human tech. The earliest Kyanah computers simply used arrays of dials that were mechanically turned to display an output that could be read by the user. However, as technology advanced, they managed to hook up the output to a cathode ray tube-like display, which was in turn succeeded by a homogeneous metamaterial sheet capable of changing its color and brightness in response to mechanical pressure. This sort of continuous display has the advantage of effectively unlimited resolution and colors compared to discrete pixel-based displays, and is largely immune to glare (a nice to have feature on a hot and sunny desert planet!) but comparatively struggles at abrupt color changes (though one would have to look very closely at the screen to notice).
Data storage was historically done via punch cards, but this has become largely obsolete due to problems with reusability and miniaturization, so this has instead been replaced by...reusable nanotech punch cards! Instead of tearing physical holes in a piece of paper, nanoparticles are arranged on an inert metallic surface and moved around with electrostatic charges or piezoelectric actuators. As nanoparticles can take any position or orientation on the substrate, this allows for data to be stored in a continuous manner, rather than discrete bits. Reading can be done via a form of nano-scale lidar recording irregularities in the substrate that indicate the presence of nanoparticles. Resarch is underway on using optical levitation to position nanoparticles within a 3D space, allowing for even denser storage, but this remains energy expensive and unreliable. However, even 2D nanocards are quite powerful; they don't use bits and bytes as we understand them, but a single 1 cm by 1 cm chip can store the equivalent of nearly a petabyte of data. And the Kyanah soldiers' AR goggles can have as many as twenty stacked cards inside; it's easy to see how their invasion force combined casually collects a few NSA data centers' worth of data per day about battlefield conditions and human military capabilities.
The Kyanahs' continuous rather than discrete paradigms also extend into software. Low-level instructions tend to be based on continuous signal strength, rather than discrete units of binary, or even another base. Higher-level programming languages are structured in a similar manner, with extensive error-correcting mechanisms built into all levels of software to smooth over inevitable imperfections in signal strength. This leads to Kyanah code being less precise and reliable than human code, but also much more compact and forgiving of minor errors (in fact subtle errors can even be intentionally leveraged, as seen later). Those who have learned both species' programming languages tend to say that it's easier to quickly write complex and detailed programs in Kyanah languages, but harder to code in a disciplined and orderly manner.
Experienced Kyanah programmers often leverage esoteric glitches to achieve results with less code, time, or memory usage than the official language specifications imply to be possible, in a manner similar to video game glitches or exploits. As a result, their code is often filled with what humans would call "cursed expressions" (which may not even be technically part of the language in question) and "wtf constants" (inexplicable magic numbers). In fact writing strictly "legal" code is often a sign of a novice programmer; to an advanced one, the rules of a programming language are more like guidelines. Lists of useful glitches are often circulated in manuals and on the internet, but actually being able to explain why they work often requires intimate knowledge of the hardware at a mechanical level. It may seem confusing, but if you know what you're doing, you can combine the abstraction of high level languages with the fine-grained hardware manipulation of low level ones.
In order to test this continuous code, they have what's known as grid testing, where you iterate through every combination of parameters at specific increments and cross reference the output with the desired result. The more critical the application, the tighter the grid increment and the broader the range, though this comes at the cost of spending more time testing, though sophisticated test programs will dynamically vary the increments to focus testing on more common and/or critical regions of the parameter space. Instead of code coverage, they're concerned with the volume of the parameter space that's covered by their grid testing.
submitted by mining_moron to goodworldbuilding [link] [comments]

2024.04.17 20:44 tutu111tutu111 Mah very first comalng

Good old nostalgia
T́epat/Tépat/Тепат
A Ā Ä A̦ B C Ć C̦ CH D D́ DZ E Ē E̦ Ë É F G H I Ī I̦ J JZ K K̦ KH L LZ M N Ń O Ō Ŏ P PH Q R S Ś S̋ SH T T́ TW TH T̆H TZ U Ū V W X X̦ Y Y̆ Z̋ Z Ź ZH
Letters usage in grammar: C̦ is used instead of K when its between soft vowels but you can also use it normally. Y is used instead of J, when theres a hard consonant before or after, or if it's between vowels. Otherwise its normal usage. W is only used in the beginning of words (this doesnt apply to TW). CH is used instead of K when theres a soft vowel before it, if its not used instead then its a normal H. Ä is used instead of E if the E sound is next to a voiceless consonant, or it can be used normally as well. PH is used instead of F when you say a plural form of a word, but it can also be used normally or as a regular F sound. When theres a double Ć, D́, Ń, or T́ sound, then the first sound is written in its normal form, and the second in its variant form. For example: Jzźe (this also applies to TH and T̆H). CH marks the palatalization of the next vowel, but its also sometimes used as an H. A̦ is only used in loanwords, and cannot be pronounced as an /ɒ/ when the word contains A and/or its variations, However, if there is an A̦ then its pronounced as a regular A. Ë can only be used in a word with no vowels, and only between consonants, but if theres a double letter (for example: Dzakëma) then it can be used regardless.
Soft vowels: Ä ,A, E, I
Hard vowels: Ā, A̦, Ē, Ë, Ī, I̦, U, Ū, O, Ō, Ŏ, E̦
Soft consonants: P, C, F, KH, T, TZ, R, Z,
Hard consonants: Ć, C̦, CH D, D́, DZ, G, H, J, JZ, K, K̦, L, LZ, M, N, Ń, P, PH, Q, S, Ś, S̋, SH, T́, TW, TH, T̆H, V, W, X, X̦, Y, Y̆, Z̋, Ź, ZH
Rules: Pronounciation
Pronounciation of the alphabet: (in the order of the alphabet)
a aː æ ɒ b t͡s t͡ʃ k h/k d ɟ d͡z æ æː e/eː ə je f ɡ h i iː e j ɖ͡ʑ k cː kʰ l s m n ɲ o oː ø/øː p p͡h/f q ɾ s ʃ ʂ ʃ t c t͡ʷ θ ð t͡s u uː v w x s͡k i/j y/yː ʐ z ʒ ʒ
U becomes a VŎ if theres other vowels after it. For example:
"Uonne̦" is pronounced like "Vŏnne̦".
Ū becomes a long Ŏ.
For example:
"Palamūoki" is pronounced like "Palamŏki".
Long vowels between hard consonants aren't pronounced long. (But there are some exceptions)
For example: "Sēs" becomes "Ses".
In case of MN, only M is pronounced. In case of NM, inly N is pronounced.
H after a consonant isnt pronounced with some exceptions.
Between an L and P you pronounce an E between with some exceptions. (Same applies to L and T)
An S following a H is pronounced, but the H isnt.
An S following a soft vowel isnt pronounced, but there are exceptions.
If theres a vowel-consonant after a hard consonant at the end of a word, then the 2 letters arent pronounced, with some exceptions.
The following letters: U, O, E, I arent pronounced at the end of the word. (Except conjugation and exceptions)
E Ē and E̦ arent pronounced at the start of the word, but there are exceptions.
An S at the end of the word is pronounced as a Z, but if theres a hard vowel before it, then its pronounced normally with some exceptions.
PH is pronounced F when saying a plural form of a word, and its pronounced PH when the word is not conjugated.
an O before a consonant isnt pronounced with some exceptions.
Ä is always pronounced.
Long vowels at the start of the words arent always pronounced long.
Rules: Verbs.
Verb examples:
  1. To talk:
    • Root: C̦alt
    • Past: C̦alte
    • Future: C̦altū
  2. To eat:
    • Root: Māl
    • Past: Māle
    • Future: Mālū
  3. To dance:
    • Root: Rajz
    • Past: Rajze
    • Future: Rajzū
  4. To create:
    • Root: Falt
    • Past: Falte
    • Future: Faltū
Rules: Linking verbs
it: z̋as go/to go: źof am: ka with: iyiś foto: noba that/because of/and why: kett́a from (that something): tre̦yt̆ho it needs to be: t́aźiś If/then why: binu
If you are referring to a specific thing without naming it, then you can use "će̦pa".
Kett́a is used interchangeably, depending on context.
For "are/is/it is", you need to conjugate. For example: Gajtor(bad mood) - Gajtopkla (moody) Tēpe(mold) - Teypekla (moldy) Itver(wind/air) - Itvjerkla (windy)
The word "was" is the word "it" in a past form. The word "it" (Z̋as) and the Declaratibe mode of a word can be used interchangeably.
Nouns: there are 2 type of nouns: Imperative Mode: Used for giving commands or expressing requests. Declarative Mode: Simply stating information without emphasizing mood, also used for stating facts or making statements.
Nouns:
  1. Imperative Mode:
    • Command: C̦alya (talk!)
    • Command: Mālya (eat!)
    • Command: Rayzya (dance!)
    • Command: Faltya (create!)
  2. Declarative Mode:
    • Statement: C̦altē (it is talked)
    • Statement: Mālto (it is eaten)
    • Statement: Rayzē (it is danced)
    • Statement: Faltū (it is created)
Word Orders:
Enhancement: If your using positive, you can just sinply use the "komc̦i̦ pa", but if your using a word otherwise then you will add a "CÄ" ending. For example: Mess: "S̋all" - Really messing: "S̋allcä"
There's also neutral mode, in which Declarative mode is completely disregarded. Neutral mode is used when talking about something, and Declarative is when talking to somebody. However, you need to use Declarative mode when ypu describe how you do something. (For example in English: shopping.)
You only need to conjugate if your talking to someone, or telling a story or an observation of some kind. Anything else you need to use the word order.
Demonymic conjugations
For example:
Albańa- Albanon Serbska- Serbskon Mad́ar- Mad́un Frenq- Frena Rasi- Rason Ukrāijy- Ukrajyon
Pronouns: Person 1:Singular: Jzźa (I/me)Plural: Jzźaśa (we) Person 2:Singular: Jzźe (you)Plural: Jzźaśe (you all) Person 3:Singular: Z (he/she/it)Plural: Zaśa (they)
Person 1: Jzźäś (my) Person 2: Jzźäć (yours) Person 3: Zäś (theirs)
Person 1: Plural: Jzźaśaej (ours) Person 2: Plural: Jzźaśēj (y'alls) Person 3: Plural: Zaśaej (their alls)
Plural: When the word ends with a consonant, an E sound is added. For example: Eśt(apple) - Eśtä(apples) When the word ends with double consonants, then the E becomes an E̦, and deletes the last two consonants. For example: Sond(hedgehog) - Soe̦(hedgehogs) If it ends with a vowel, then you add either a BA(if talking about things, adjectives, etc...) or a BE(when talking about names). For example: Cazett́ā(lamp) - Cazett́aba(lamps) Kriśtafon(Christopher) - Kriśtafonbe(Christophers)
Rules: If a word ends with a vowel, then it lengthens the consonant before it. For example:
"T̆home" is pronounced "t̆homm"
Affirmative & Negative: The ending -iyo is added for negative which sometimes changes the word.
Examples:
Bave(did) - Baviyo(didnt)
Chape̦re(cooking) Chaperiyo(not cooking)
Affirmative is simply just either Declarative and Operative mode.
Example text 1:
Chose, jzźa źofe noba o phuskäń iyiś jzźäś d́y̆verske̦ba. Z̋ase komc̦i̦ pa śte jzźaśa utīre nobohi twalzadzba.
Cyrillic:
Хёс, жа жофе ноба о фускен̆ йіш жэш ґўверскеба. Жасэ комке па штэ жаша утіре нобохі тв̆асадзба.
Less diacritical version:
Chose, jzzha zhofe noba o phuskeń iyish jzzhesh d́y̆verskiba. Zhase komke pa shte utiire nobohi twalzadzba.
Translation:
Today, i went to go for shopping with my friends. It was very great and we bought a lot of things.
Literal translation:
This day, i went to go foto shopping/buying things with my friends. It was good/great very and we bought much/lot/a lot/very much things/items.
Prepositions:
at: ūi (signaling actions and/or positions of certain things) in: ūpa (in something, in doing something) on: ūpi (on that something, something on something) by: zukxe (by eachother) of: āpi (of a something)
Articles:
Definite Articles:
Kle hog
Translation: The cucumber
Gerfuk̦ pin
Translation: this pen ("That" is "Gerfuklj")
Indefinite Article:
Zź cas
Translation: a vacuum
Tenses:
Progressive: Śī(nervous) - Sīnn(will be nervous)
The simple tense is the Neutral Mode. The past and present tenses are written in the "Verbs".
Example text 2:
Chose, jzźa d́ejze kett́a jzźē klaśt tre̦yt̆ho presidentze posic̦liōn. Gerfuk̦ d́ejzi z̋ase kakli̦kale, retwezhchae, śte āsi. Ūpa nomen āpi naciōn, jzźa ćerźerka.
Cyrillic:
Хёс, жа дежe кeтя же клашт трӭдо прeсідэнце посікліён. Гэрфут̆ дежі жасэ каклікале, ретв̆ежхя, штэ асі. Упа номен апі націён, жа чэржэрка.
Less diacritical version:
Chose, jzzha déjze kett́a jzzhee klasht tre̦yt̆ho presidentze posiklioon. Gerfuk̦ déjzi zhase kaklikale, retwezhchae, shte aasi. Uupa nomen aapi nacioon, jzzha ćerzherka.
Literal translation:
This day, i decided that i'll resign/give up from (the) presidental position. This decision was calculated, motivated/on point, and brave/humble. In (the) name of (the) nation, i apologize.
Example text 3:
Gerfuk̦ patu moklej saśam nońājēkla kett́a kturū pa ūpa spelzific̦ mony̆ćertze, śte wedrō komc̦i̦ pa.
Cyrillic:
Герфут̆ пату моклӭ сашам ноняекла кэтя ктуру па упа спэсіфік монўчерце, штэ в̆эдро комке па.
Less diacritical version:
Gerfutj patu moklej sasham nońaajeekla kett́a kturuu pa uupa specifik mony̆ćertze, shte wedroo komke pa.
Translation: The reason why i like winter is basically because it is very cold in those specific months, and the weather is very good.
Literal translation: the reason/reason foa reason for something like/think its good winter basically is that/because of/and why cold very in something/in that something specific months and (the) weather is good/great very.
Example text 4: Binu zź ppën keblu, binu Marko moklejū, kett́a z komc̦i̦ pa moklē gerfuklj c̦larolo. Jzźaśa skruyo z moklē komc̦i̦ pa, z bavē.
Cyrillic:
Біну зж пен кеблу, біну Марко моклӭӱ, кетя з комке па моклэ герфуклї клароло. Жаша скруë з моклэ комке па з баве.
Less diacritical version: Binu zzh ppen keblu, binu Marko moklejuu, kett́a z komke pa moklee gerfuklj klarolo. Jzzhasha skruyo z moklee komke p, z bavee.
Translation: If a pen is blue, then Marko will like it, because he really likes that color. We dont know why he likes it so much, he just does.
Literal translation: If/then why a pen (is) blue, if/then why Marko will like (it), that/because of/and why he/she/it good/great very likes that color. We dont know (why) he/she/it likes (it) good/great very, he/she/it (just) does.
T́epat/Tépat less diacritical version.
The less diacritical version uses other letters for the same sound, containing less diacritical marks, or other letters.
T́epat/Tépat cyrillic version
Alphabet: А Б Ц Ч Д Э Ӭ Е Ë Ф Г Ґ К Х І Ї Я И Й Л М Н Н̆ О П Р С Ш Т Т̆ У Ў Ӱ В В̆ З Ж
Pronunciation of the alphabet in order: a b t͡s t͡ʃ d e ej je jo f ɡ ɟ k h i j ja ji ij l m n ɲ o p ɾ s ʃ t c u y ju v w z ʒ
The alphabet follows most of the rules of the latin version.
Example text 5: Jzźäś internet profditwa s̋allcä iyiś jzźa gorä.
Cyrillic: Жеш інтернет профдітв̆а шаллцэ іиш жа горэ.
Less diacritical version: Jzzhesh internet profditwa shallce iyish jzzha gore.
Translation: My internet provider has been really messing with me these days.
Literal translation: My internet providegiver really messing with me (these) days.
Yes i know some diacritics are lagging :(
submitted by tutu111tutu111 to conlangs [link] [comments]

2024.04.17 19:17 Selvnye Occigotian

*fictional. It isn’t the official language from any of these countries.
Occigotian (endonym: Occorgțaķa or, in full, Ligaķe Occorgțaķa) is an Eastern Romance language of the Indo-European language family, originating in the Occigotian(West Ukraine) part of the Black Sea. It is the official language of Occigotia, Romania, Moldova, Mexico, The Philippines, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Ukraine, Turkey, Brazil, Peru, Chile, Canada and Georgia, while having co-official language status in Lebanon, United States(California,Illinois,Mississippi and Wyoming), China(Guangdong,Zhenjiang,Shanghai,Jiangsu,Hebei,Tianjin,Beijing and Fujian), India(West Bengal), Japan(Tokyo,Kanagawa-Ken, Okinawa and Hokkaido) and Bulgaria. Between Parenthesis means that more Occigotian live in that area.
Occigotian is a language spoken by 104 million people worldwide. The language was spread by the Occigotian Colonization. Between 1567-1646, Occigotian colonized 4 countries(Taiwan,Hong Kong,Macau and Phillipines) and 18 islands. Occigotian Diaspora that occurred between 1800-1945, where approximately 44,8 million people left Occigotia and neighboring occigotian-speaking countries and went to places such as Brazil, the United States,Canada,China,British Raj,Japan, Taiwan, Macau, Hong Kong, Mexico, Georgia, The Philippines, Chile and Peru. Currently, 70 million people speak Occigotian as their native language, 29 million as second language, and 5 million with intermediate or basic knowledge of the language.
—Alphabet—
The letters with asterisks are variants with diacritics: A /a/ Â* /ɑ/ À* /ɒ/ Á* /ɐ/ B /β/ C /c/ Ç/ç/ D /d/ Ḑ /ɟ/ E /e/ É/æ/ È /ɛ/ Ê* /ɜː/ F /ɸ/ G /g/ H /ʜ/ I /i/ Í* /iː/ Ì* /ɪ/ Î* /ɨ/ Ï* /i̤/ J /j/ Ĵ* /ʒ/ K /k/ Ķ* /k͡s/ Ḱ* /kʲ/ L /l/ M /m/ N /n/ Ń* /ŋ/ Ņ* /ɲ/ O /o/ Ó* /ɔ/ Ò* /ɔː/ Ô* /ø/ P /p/ Ṕ* /pʼ̤/ Q /q/ R / Ŗ* /𝼈/ S /s/ Ș* /ɕ/ T /t/ Ț* /ʦ/ U Û*/ʉ/ V /v/ X /ɣ/( Before H,Q,T and V, has /ks/ sound) Z /z/
— Digraphs — Lh /ʎ/ Sj /ʃ/ Rh /χ/ Th /θ/ Vh /β/ Cc /k͡ʃ/ Ph /pʰ/ — Trigraphs — Tsj /ʧ/ — Grammar —
In Occigotian grammar, nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and articles are moderately inflected: there are two genders (masculine and feminine) and two numbers (singular and plural). The case system of the ancestor language, Latin, has been lost, but personal pronouns are still declined with three main types of forms: subject, object of verb, and object of preposition. Most nouns and many adjectives can take diminutive or augmentative derivational suffixes, and most adjectives can take a so-called "superlative" derivational suffix. Adjectives usually follow their respective nouns. Verbs are highly inflected: there are three tenses (past, present, future), three moods (indicative, subjunctive, imperative), three aspects (perfective, imperfective, and progressive), three voices (active, passive, reflexive), and an inflected infinitive. Most perfect and imperfect tenses are synthetic, totaling 11 conjugational paradigms, while all progressive tenses and passive constructions are periphrastic. There is also an impersonal passive construction, with the agent replaced by an indefinite pronoun. Occigotian is generally an SVO language, although SOV syntax may occur with a few object pronouns, and word order is generally not as rigid as in English. It is a null subject language, with a tendency to drop object pronouns as well, in colloquial varieties. Like Spanish, it has two main copular verbs: sere and haxvare. It has a number of grammatical features that distinguish it from most other Romance languages, such as a synthetic pluperfect, a future subjunctive tense, the inflected infinitive, and a present perfect with an iterative sense.
Like most Indo-European languages, including English, Occigotian classifies most of its lexicon into four word classes: verbs, nouns, adjectives, and adverbs. These are "open" classes, in the sense that they readily accept new members, by coinage, borrowing, or compounding. Interjections form a smaller open class. There are also several small closed classes, such as pronouns, prepositions, articles, demonstratives, numerals, and conjunctions. A few grammatically peculiar words are difficult to categorize; these include fasû ("where is"—SAm., colloq.), mecrenuzeea("let's hope"), mecrenuzeeaman ("let's hope that"), and mà ("here is"). Within the four main classes there are many semi-regular mechanisms that can be used to derive new words from existing words, sometimes with change of class; for example, fatsje ("fast") → fatsjevoluțe ("very fast"), maḑire ("to measure") → mavairesanmo ("measurement"), ṕamgeŗņu(ķa)("pilot") → ṕamĵuŗve ("to pilot"). Finally, there are several phrase embedding mechanisms that allow arbitrarily complex phrases to behave like nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.
Following the general Indo-European pattern, the central element of almost any Occigotian clause is a verb, which may directly connect to one, two, or (rarely) three nouns (or noun-like phrases), called the subject, the object (more specifically, the direct object), and the complement (more specifically, the object complement or objective complement). The most frequent order of these elements in Occigotian is subject–verb–object (SVO, as in examples (1) and (2) below), or, when a complement is present, subject–verb–object-complement (SVOC — examples (3) and (4)): (1) {Ķa Mary}S {fuŗeveķa}V {ņu Paul}O, "Mary loves Paul." (2) {Ņu fasiņu}S {consxhiveélu}V {ķa merseden}O, "The mason has constructed the house." (3) {Ņu prunḑvel}S {namireélu}V ņu {Peter}O {ministre}C, "The president appointed Pedro (as) minister." (4) {Dal}S {fûńkredalu}V {ņu lupfe}O {úma baķxviț}C, "She found the book a bore." Any of the three noun elements may be omitted if it can be inferred from the context or from other syntactic clues; but many grammatical rules will still apply as if the omitted part were there. A clause will often contain a number of adverbs (or adverbial phrases) that modify the meaning of the verb; they may be inserted between the major components of the clause. Additional nouns can be connected to the verb by means of prepositions; the resulting prepositional phrases have an adverbial function. For example: Él caxhiaĵeiveélu {naj marțv} ķa maglvķa {farh dal} {daņu casjivétsji} {vaxta ķa farfthe}, "He carried {without delay} the bag {for her} {from the car} {to the door}."
Occigotian is a null subject language, meaning that it permits and sometimes mandates the omission of an explicit subject. In Occigotian, the grammatical person of the subject is generally reflected by the inflection of the verb. Sometimes, though an explicit subject is not necessary to form a grammatically correct sentence, one may be stated in order to emphasize its importance. Some sentences, however, do not allow a subject at all and in some other cases an explicit subject would sound awkward or unnatural: "I'm going home" can be translated either as (Ïxqe vaxta rhajme) or as (Lî ïxqe vaxta rhajme), where (Lî) means "I". "It's raining" is (haxvarea ķa ujve) in European Occigotian, or (haxvarea ujvento) in South American Occigotian, neither of which occurs with an explicit subject. Man ohuķazan serevo? "what time is it?" (literally "what hours are they?"). In European Occigotian, only in exceptional circumstances would "I'm going home; I'm going to watch TV" be translated as (Lî haxvarehî hinvento vaxta merseden;Lî haxvarehî hinvento axhve TV) ver televisão. At least the second eu ("I") would normally be omitted, if not both. Meanwhile, in South American Occigotian, the subject pronoun is more likely to be repeated. As in other null subject language with a SVO word order, the subject is often postponed, mostly in existential sentences, in answers to partial questions and in contrast structures: Akxhiveni mutsji ractsji ahê! ("There are many mice here!") — Verb akxhiveni, subject ractsji, complement ahê indicating place. Manse man sereéu? Sereîu lî. ("Who was it? It was me.") — Verb sereéu, subject lî. Dal ńe eareéu ķa kakme, maj eareu-ņu lî. (European Occigotian) or ...maj lî eareîu (Brazilian Occigotian) ("She didn't eat the cake, but I did.") — Subject Dal, negation ńe, verb eareéu, object ķa kakme; the complement divides itself into: adversative conjunction maj, verb eareu, object -ņu, subject lî.
Occigotian declarative sentences, as in many languages, are the least marked ones. Imperative sentences use the imperative mood for the second person. For other grammatical persons and for every negative imperative sentence, the subjunctive is used. Yes/no questions have the same structure as declarative sentences, and are marked only by a different tonal pattern (mostly a raised tone near the end of the sentence), represented by a question mark in writing. Wh-questions often start with Manse ("who"), ņu man ("what"), mahík ("which"), mońat ("where"), ķamońat ("where... to"), mansajgn ("when"), mac-là ("why"), etc. The interrogative pronouns manse, ņu man and mahík can be preceded by any preposition, but in this case ņu man will usually be reduced to man. Frequently in oral language, and occasionally in writing, these words are followed by the interrogative device sereét que (literally, "is [it] that"; compare French est-ce que in wh-questions). Wh-questions sometimes occur without wh-movement, that is, wh-words can remain in situ. In this case, ņu man and mac-lat are replaced by their stressed counterparts ņu man and mac-lat (South American Occigotian) or maclat (European Occigotian). For example: Ņu man/Man eareéu man dal akereéu? or Ņu man/man akereéu dal? "What did she do?" Dal akereéu ņu man? "What did she do?" or, if emphatic, "Dal akereéu ņu man?" Mac La? (South American Occigotian) / Maclá? (European Occigotian) "Ņu man?" En man dej akereéu man thûzi ajfekpeveéu? "On what day did that happen?" Thôman daj en man ajfekpeveéu? "On what day did that happen?" In South American Occigotian, the phrase (akereéu man) is more often omitted.
Ńe ("no") is the natural negative answer to yes/no questions. As in Latin, positive answers are usually made with the inflected verb of the question in the appropriate person and number. Occigotian is one of the few Romance languages keeping this Latin peculiarity. The adverbs xhâ ("already"), hacinka ("yet"), and ķuțumesc ("too", "also") are used when one of them appears in the question. Q: Tu gasjfaretuun daņu filme? A: gasjfareîu. / Ńe. Q: "Did you like the movie?" A: "Yes.", literally, "I liked." / "No." Q: Lî ńe havivreîu deińareîu heńat úm sjapfe? A: havivretuun! Q: "Didn't I leave a key here?" A: "Yes, you did!", literally, "[You] did." Q: Xhâ liaeretuun eșņu líabrio? A: Xhâ. / Iatze ńe. Q: "Have you already read this book?" A: "Yes", literally, "Already." / "Not yet." The word rhe("yes") may be used for a positive answer, but, if used alone, it may in certain cases sound unnatural or impolite. In South American Occigotian, rhe can be used after the verb for emphasis. In North American Occigotian, emphasis in answers is added with the duplication of the verb. In all versions of Occigotian, emphasis can also result from syntactical processes that are not restricted to answers, such as the addition of adverbs like moôt ("much") or moôtișimalle ("very much"). It is also acceptable, though sometimes formal, to use yes before the verb of the question, separated by a pause or, in writing, a comma. The use of rhe before the verb does not add emphasis, and may on the contrary be less assertive. Q: Gasjfaretuu țeņu filme? A: Gasjfareîu, rhe! Q: "Did you like the movie?" A:"Yes, I did!" Q: Gasjfaretuun țeņu filme? A: Gasjafareîu, gasjfareîu! Q: "Did you like the movie?" A:"I did, I did!" Q: Havivreél combosĵos ha eșķa çóre? A: Havivreél, havivreél! Q: "Are there any trains at this time?" A:"Yes, there are!" Q: Él gasjfareélu țeņu filme? A: Rhe, gasjfareélu... Q:"Did he like the movie?" A: "He did, yes..."
Occigotian has definite and indefinite articles, with different forms according to the gender and number of the noun to which they refer: singular plural meaning masculine feminine masculine feminine definite article ņu, Él ķa, Dal ņus, Éls dals the indefinite article úm úma úms úmas a, an; some The noun after the indefinite article may be elided, in which case the article is equivalent to English "one" (if singular) or "some" (if plural): uhanveî úm ķuțumesc ("I want one too"), uhanveî úms ķuțumesc ("I want some too").
Nouns are classified into two grammatical genders ("masculine" and "feminine") and are inflected for grammatical number (singular or plural). Adjectives and determiners (articles, demonstratives, possessives, and quantifiers) must be inflected to agree with the noun in gender and number. Many nouns can take diminutive or augmentative suffixes to express size, endearment, or deprecation. Occigotian does not inflect nouns to indicate their grammatical function or case, relying instead on the use of prepositions (simple and phrasal), on pleonastic objects, or on the context or word order. Personal pronouns, on the other hand, still maintain some vestiges of declension from the ancestor language, Latin.
[Full Part on comments]
submitted by Selvnye to conlangs [link] [comments]

2024.04.17 05:25 AcceptableDistance94 Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) Spring 2024 Way-Too-Long Review

TLDR: Good course. Highly structured and rewards consistent effort/engagement, punishing to procrastinators or poor English writers.
(Background: mid-40's, career government IT manager, native English speaker. This is my first OMSCS class; I have a liberal arts BA/MBA from the 00's, and a newly acquired BSCS. I am on track for a low A in the class. I like academic stuff.)
What is this course about? It's in the title: how humans interact with computers. It is multidisciplinary, drawing material from CS, design, and social sciences. UI/UX design is a subset.
Things I liked:
Things I had mixed feelings about:
Things I didn't like:
5 Tips for Success in HCI:
  1. Procrastination snowballs hard on you here. You need to do the assignments to help solidify the concepts for the quizzes, and the way the project works requires you to do multiple surveys, which take time to get responses, etc.
  2. Google Docs or LaTeX for assignments. You have to use a custom format (JDF), but it's relatively painless in either GDocs or LaTeX/Overleaf. Not so much in Word.
  3. Figma is the "default" choice for doing design prototypes and is fine, but I found Balsamiq much easier.
  4. For the tests, downloading all the readings to a folder and using something that can search multiple PDF's is helpful. (I experimented with loading them into an LLM and didn't find it particularly helpful, but future LLM's may do better here.)
  5. For both tests and quizzes, if you have concerns about a question/answer, take a note of it immediately after the test so you can reference it later.
Overall: 4/5 stars. Recommended for those who like multidisciplinary things, design, and heavily structured courses (also a great OMSCS intro course imo). Not recommended for those who prefer working only in code, thinking about human/user behavior, or irregular availability.
submitted by AcceptableDistance94 to OMSCS [link] [comments]

2024.04.16 06:07 Fit_Landscape8747 Not feeling confident in my lesson

Hi everyone. I’m student teaching in a seventh grade geography classroom this coming fall. However I taught my second lesson ever last week (we go once a week to our classroom this semester). My lesson was on the Cold War. We did a worksheet about the arms/space race and then read “the butter battle book” by Dr. Seuss and did a worksheet talking about the similarities between the book and the war. I feel as though my lesson was just lacking and like I couldn’t further expand on my answers. I’m overall just feeling very bummed about this lesson. Do you guys have any advice for when you feel like this? Appreciate it!
submitted by Fit_Landscape8747 to historyteachers [link] [comments]

2024.04.16 06:03 Fit_Landscape8747 Not feeling confident

Hi everyone. I’m student teaching in a seventh grade geography classroom this coming fall. However I taught my second lesson ever last week (we go once a week to our classroom this semester). My lesson was on the Cold War. We did a worksheet about the arms/space race and then read the butter battle book by dr suess and did a worksheet talking about the similarities between the book and the war. I feel as though my lesson was just lacking and like I couldn’t further expand on my answers. I’m overall just feeling very bummed about this lesson. Do you guys have any advice for when you feel like this? Much appreciated
submitted by Fit_Landscape8747 to StudentTeaching [link] [comments]

2024.04.16 02:02 Possible-Emu-4428 Frustrated… need advice

Hi there, I(25F) am new to this sub and in the process of trying to get a dx. I started seeing my rheumatologist last month and my Dr. suspected lupus or spondyloarthritis. I am hypermobile but not enough to have EDS but definitely causes some of my joints to feel like they’re going to dislocate. I did a buttload of blood work through labcorp but everything came back as normal except for my ANA by IFA (RDL) came back as positive and abnormal with a midbody pattern of 1:40 and high, as well as, a slight vit. D deficiency.
At my SECOND appt, Dr. said she is unsure and that I “don’t meet the diagnostic criteria. We’ll have to monitor you’re symptoms and see if they get worse”. The whole reason why I came to her is because my symptoms did get worse :( While I am aware that a positive ANA does not always mean you have an autoimmune disorder, I’m still frustrated at the fact that she didn’t offer any other testing or have a starting dx despite having many symptoms similar to autoimmune disorders. I have a strong gut feeling it’s lupus but of course I’m not a Dr. so I’m not going to completely self dx haha.
After some pushing, I got her to order an MRI of my hands to see if I have RA and prescribed me hydrochloroquine because I’m desperate.
For reference these are SOME of my symptoms:
• Back pain for 9 years • Joint pain/stiffness in: neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hips, knees, ankles and toes since 7th grade to the point I was drinking joint juice • Joint pain gets worse when I sit, lay down or stand for too long. Especially while trying to sleep. Have to keep moving/cracking/stretching lower extremity joints • Chronic fatigue for majority of life but has gotten worse since February to the point where I have to take naps during lunch break at work and still fall asleep as soon as I get home • Irregular sleep patterns • Night sweats • Stomach and stool problems for majority of life • Nausea/loss of appetite • Neck lymph nodes are always slightly swollen with lymph nodes in groin and armpit flaring up often • Food sensitivity history • Eczema • Temperature sensitivity • Almost always feels sick • Random muscle aches • Hair loss but not the the point of having bald spots • Hand rash with tiny clear blister like pustules when extremely stressed • Random bruises • persistent headaches • Hand and foot numbness/tingling at times • Anxiety and depression (has been doing well since starting Zoloft) • Heavy and irregular periods • Heat intolerance • Sometimes wrists or ankles feel like they’re sprained and hurt too much to move • sometimes butterfly rash after being in the sun • Webbed like rash on my thighs that is raised, itchy and burning when in the sun and takes several hours to go away
I know it can take years to get a dx and symptoms overlap, but I’m desperate from the pain and exhaustion. I don’t remember what it feels like to not be in pain or tired. I’m just wanting to see if anybody suggests I get a second opinion? If so, does anyone have any recommendations for rheumatologists in the OC, California area?? Any additional testing I should request? Idk any advice is welcomed lmfao. Thank you! <3
submitted by Possible-Emu-4428 to Autoimmune [link] [comments]

2024.04.15 02:12 bitheag Kno and Angposh

I have posted about Kno through the comments, but I wanted to show its current state! And to show off my new conlang project.
Kno is a fictional language that I created for the Knower people. They live in the Caucasus mountains along side the Angposh people, their languages are unrelated, however, because of close contact, the Knowers and the Angposh make a Sprachbund. And, Kno is heavily inspired by Kurdish and its people.
As for Angposh, it’s a more recent conlang and heavily inspired by the Roma people and Polish/Czech

Kno

Here’s a simple sentence in Kno:
ستمنا سگەران لەسەیام حاغیش
/ˈstɪm.na sɨ.ˈɡɛ.ɾan lɛ.ˈsɛ.jam ˈħaː.ʁiːʃ/
Gloss: PL-Owl-F PL-mouse-ACC.M like-3P.PL.PRS eat-INF
Translation: “Owls like to eat mice”
As you can tell somewhat, Kno has SOV order. Unlike Arabic but similarly to Kurdish, Kno has an alphabet rather than an abjad. It also has grammatical gender: masculine and feminine
Owl - feminine
Mouse - masculine

Angposh

Here’s the same sentence in Angposh:
Křogum tuga čha jęgerd aval
/'kɽo.χum tu.ˈχa ʈ͡ʂʰa jẽ.ˌχe.ɖː‿a.ˈʋaɭ/
Gloss: like-3P.PL.PRS *owls ACC *mice eat-INF
Angposh has a VSOV2 order, indicates their grammatical cases through pre-particles, and have plural infixes.
Let me elaborate on the particles:
«čha jęgerd», čha is indicating that jęgerd is accusative rather than indicating that tuga is accusative. I know Persian puts their particles after the noun, so I wanted to clarify.
As for the plural infixes, this sentence isn’t the best to reveal it because those words specifically are irregular
Tumme /'tum.mə/ - owl (singular)
Jęrd /jeːɳɖ/ - mouse (singular)
The regular plural form is -n- or sometimes -ę/ą-, so here’s a more regular example of the infix plurals:
Raja /ˈʁa.ja/ = tree (singular)
Rania /'ʁa.ɲa/ = trees (plural)
Side note: I plan on giving Angposh grammatical gender but it’s still too new to know and who knows if I commit to that

Final Thoughts:

I’ve been working on Kno for almost 2 years, it initially started as a Navajo-inspired conlang, before becoming a Kazakh-inspired conlang, to its current Perso-Kurdish-inspired conlang. I only started Angposh a couple months ago as to try to expand this pseudo-Earth concept and expand Kno’s culture
submitted by bitheag to conlangs [link] [comments]

2024.04.13 19:55 OhWhatAWonderful12 Advice for Future IVF patients

I want to give the advice that I wish someone had given me 2 years ago before I started IVF.
Please get a second opinion from a boutique fertility clinic if you are also considering Shady Grove Fertility.
To be clear, I am not blaming my results on Shady Grove. What I want to say is that Shady Grove has poor quality care of their patients, and Boutique Clinics seem to have higher quality care for their IVF warriors. Examples below:
  1. My first Frozen Embryo Transfer the embryo died in the thawing process. I found out by a voicemail from my nurse as we were pulling into the parking lot. Nobody called me back for 3 hours. My doctor was OOO (ok I understand that) and the first Dr to call me only said “you can expect a period in 3-14 days, I’ll tell your Dr to call you”
  2. When I asked my nurse to change doctors, she said “nope too much paperwork” and nobody explained to me about the grading of the embryos, I had to go on reddit threads to find out why this occurs despite a normal (Euploid) result.
  3. I decided to do it again, this time with a different doctor who is extremely kind. Sadly, additional lack of quality care experiences happened. For example I was told I would receive a call on Easter Sunday by my Dr and nurse for someone to give me my time to arrive for the Frozen Embryo Transfer. “We are open every day except 3 weeks in December” sadly, nobody called me. When I called the office on Monday, nobody knew what time and told me to call back later. I called again 2 hours later, and a nurse had my information but then said “I don’t know which location for you (there are 2).
  4. Sadly, this FET did not take and I received a negative result. I received a call yesterday and was told my Dr would call me to follow up. He’s never called me and we are over 24 hours. I had to ask my friends and read these Reddit threads to find out what to expect.
  5. Shady Grove really pushes their process on the person. Taking birth control to regulate your cycle - my cycle has never been irregular, when I asked to not have BC, repeatedly I was told nope this is it. I have several friends at boutiques that were approved to not need to take birth control prior to egg retrieval. Same goes for the Progrsterone in oil (PIO) shots and estrogen shots/pills. Shady Grove insists you do it, while I have friends the exact same age (38/39/40) who only needed these hormones for 3 days during the FET, and they have all had successful pregnancies and healthy babies.
I could go on and on. My point is: get the second opinion. Yes Shady Grove has the highest numbers of success, and that is because of the volume of patients in comparison to these boutiques.
I’ve had 1 miscarriage, 1 Failed Embryo Thaw, and 1 Failed FET. I do not blame Shady Grove for my body not being able to take the healthy embryos. I do blame them for the horrendous lack of care.
Best of luck to all you women warriors, wishing you all the healthy babies. Please get the second opinion for a more positive experience.
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