Welcome to the purrfectly pawsome subreddit dedicated to the majestic Bengal cats! Here, we celebrate the "meow-gnificence" of these adorable feline friends with their wild-looking coats and mischievous personalities. Join us as we embark on a whimsical journey filled with kitty capers, heart-melting purrs, and non-stop fun. Whether they're acrobatic climbers, undercover paper shredders, or expert treat thieves, Bengals never fail to keep us entertained with their antics.
2011.08.22 01:46 KirjathConstruction Porn: Where stuff gets put together
The beauty of buildings in the middle of construction is that the spot will never be the same again. Right now, today, is the only time we can take the picture. Tomorrow, more will be built. In a year, it will be done. Right now is the **most** interesting part.
2013.04.12 22:32 commission art from fellow redditors
HungryArtists is an online community of freelance artists, designers and illustrators all looking to create custom art commissions for you! Commission an artist quickly and easily by clicking here, just create an account in minutes and post your request. Artists will start replying with a range of portfolios for you to choose your best fit.
2024.06.09 23:06 National_Practice615Why, in a sword-only duel, Tanjiro MIGHT beat Cell Saga Trunks
I’m a gigantic dragon ball fan, and have passing interest in Demon Slayer, so I wanted to challenge myself in maintaining an argument where Tanjiro could actually win in a fight As of the Cell Saga, Future Trunks, based on feats and on-screen usage, simply can’t be called a phenomenal swordsman, because he lacks technique, only won 1 fight with a sword, and hasn’t been seen training with said sword, and on top of that, wasn’t canonically seen using his sword until that one, dog-walk throwaway fight with the androids in the History of Trunks. Beyond the Cell Saga, you could make an argument that he is more skilled because of his training with the Supreme Kai using the Z-Sword (which was barely able to be lifted by Buu Saga era Goku, yet Trunks was shown practicing with it with relative ease). But the only real sword feat we see in the Cell Saga is Trunks slicing Mecha Frieza up into pieces (while significant, it’s one feat and cant account for off screen claims, if there are any that I don’t remember). In training, Trunks is shown to have two mentors (Future Gohan and Vegeta), and both are not experienced sword fighters that could teach him technique properly (even Trunks killing Mecha Frieza was just him slicing randomly and using a ki blast to finish it off). On top of that, Trunks hasn’t been seen training with the sword with either (didn’t walk out with it in the Hyperbolic Time Chamber, and didn’t use it for the rest of the arc), and considering we only see him with it starting at the Android attack onwards, Trunks probably didn’t get to use a sword with Future Gohan (which might have benefited him in the long run, because Gohan was surviving on a sword only for 6 months in the wilderness). Honestly Trunks’s sword might as well just be an accessory. Meanwhile, Tanjiro is a primary swordsman, with feats that can be measured through anime events, like chopping the boulder and fighting multiple demons. Tanjiro also has pinpoint precision when acknowledging his increased sense of scent that allowed him to decapitate upper moons. On top of that, Tanjiro has a fully developed technique (water breathing), which was built from the ground up by an actual expert, and another technique that scales at the top of the verse (sun breathing, I’m not very far into Demon Slayer at all, but i do know that Tanjiro does train and hone his swordsman techniques thanks to the Hashira). Finally, the Nichirin sword should technically count as a real, functional swords (basically just a katana), even if it’s designed to work against demons mainly. I have no idea how difficult this fight would be, or what else would go into account to decide the victor, but I think that technique alone might give Tanjiro the edge, what’s everyone else thinking?
2024.06.09 22:56 ASongOf-Ice-Fire-andTWOW Prologue Theory and Fan-Fic, 3 of 4
Hi, I am new here and I am posting for the first time. Please let me know if I am breaking any rules here so I can re-do it. It is one full chapter, but because it is so long, I broke into four parts. This is a theory for the actual Prologue of The Winds of Winter. Please enjoy. This is Part 3 of 4. The Winds of Winter Prologue [Part 2] Olyvar had lost count of how far they ascended as they reached one of Ser Rolph Spicer’s checkpoints. They rested there for a few moments where the paths forked into several other directions. He then instructed Ser Olyvar Frey, Lady Mormont and Leo to wait here until the rest returned. In the meanwhile, they were to familiarize themselves with the area in case they needed a detour. Not long after the group left them, Olyvar heard another man speaking through the rocky walls. Maege followed the voice through one of the forks, and found a hole that appeared to spy into a cell of the castle’s dungeons. She peeked through and spoke in disgust “Gods! What the hell! No!” She left the area and began looking for an entrance into the dungeons from the hidden hallways. Olyvar peeped through the hole and saw what seems to be an old maester in robes, with many rings around his neck. Inside, he harbored a boy and a girl who appeared to be twins, no older than ten. The boy had his shirt off, while the maester sniffed the girl’s hair and had a hand cupped at her clothed chest. What in Seven Hells? Olyvar thought. The elderly maester spoke to them, as they trembled like leaves. “Thank you children for helping me. I am Maester Valarik, this is very very important research for, um, the Citadel. Now let’s begin.” Suddenly out of nowhere, Lady Maege Mormont burst open the dungeon door. “Let’s not!” The shocked maester jolted to his feet, confused. “Are you their mother?” “A MOTHER!” the She-Bear claimed in her crony crackling voice as she walked up to Valarik. Here she stood as Lady Mormont kicked the maester in between the legs, his screams alive with pain. His eyes began to tear as he fell backwards to the ground. Lady Mormont dropped down to him and drew her dagger. “Shut your mouth or I’ll make an eunuch out of you!” The maester still in agony replied with a silent nod. She lied to the twins, saying she was a washerwoman employed to the castle. “What the maester did was wrong and I will have the castellan punish him.” She urged the siblings to go home, but not tell anyone what had happened until they were outside of Casterly Rock. After they left, Maege in her barbaric tone told the maester, “You dusty f*ck! Get in there!” as she led him into the hidden hallways behind the dungeon. Ser Olyvar greeted the hostage, “Not another word Maester Valarik. She may geld you but I will shove my dagger up your arse.” They continued to wait at the checkpoint, anxious for the Blackfish’s return with Queen Jeyne and Lord Edmure. Leo brushed back a lock of his ash-blond hair that fell down across one eye. Lady Mormont continued to stare at Valarik’s crotch while holding her naked dagger, twirling it at the pointy end for boredom. The silent maester was well aware, and would not return his eyes to meet hers. Suddenly they heard a woman’s moan echoing in the distance. Torchlight illuminated the foot of the pathway and brightening the walls with each passing moment. Escorted by Goose, a thin girl with a mop of chestnut hair emerged. She was pretty like the daisy sewn on her gown that was covering a flat chest. “Eleyna!” Olyvar was animated. They hugged as he asked, “So what happened to your breasts?” “I ate them.” She said in her high cheery voice. She stuck her small chest out, chin in the air, fists at the end of her narrow hips and twerked it for two beats. “How you like them apples?” Olyvar smiled at the inside joke. The Useless Goose then grabbed Leo and tapped Eleyna’s shoulders from behind. “Hi, have you met Leo?” Barnabus vanished in an instant. She turned around and introduced herself. “Hello Leo, I’m Eleyna, the Queen’s sister.” Leo was star-struck. “Are you a princess?” “I guess I am a princess,” she said sarcastically. “Are you here to rescue me?” Leo nodded up and down, trying to contain his excitement. “Leo O’ Leo … my hero!” She kissed him on the cheeks, and Leo’s face began to blush, red as apples. His brothers Raff, Donal, and Mikkal had emerged from the rocky opening just in time to watch. They wrapped their arms around one another, and nodded proudly at their youngest brother. The others soon followed, pouring out of the tunnel entrance. Olyvar greeted his brother-in-law Lord Edmure Tully. “My sister is waiting for you back at the ship, with my future nephew or niece. Be a good father to your child.” “And you be a good uncle. It is a honor to have you at our side, Ser Olyvar,” Lord Edmure replied respectfully. Lady Sybell Spicer came down with her brother Ser Rolph, clutching a moaning Queen Jeyne Stark on both sides. She was garbed in simple loose fitted robes, pretending to serve as Eleyna’s plumped handmaiden. Olyvar was ecstatic. Jeyne’s mother then announced, “She is in labor!” “What?!” As Olyvar and Maege said in unison. “Now!?” Olyvar ran to Jeyne, straight to his sister’s arms and she kissed him on the forehead. “I kept my promise,” Olyvar told her. Jeyne was feverish, sweating and mumbling words. “You did, I knew you were somewhere beyond the sea. I was here waiting for all of you, to sneak onto golden sand and rock. I was watching all the ships sailing by, not knowing which one will be my daring escape.” She looked towards her other brother Raynald. “I just knew my Ray lied somewhere over the ocean, and my Olly lied somewhere over the sea … both my brothers fighting to come back to me. Up in this castle mountain where it meets the heavens above, out where lightning splits the sea, I could still feel you two watching me. Through the wind, the chilly sea, and the rain … and now the storm and the flood. I felt your approach like the fires in your blood! I need … I need …” “We need to go!” Ser Olyvar finished for her. As the others began going into the next tunnel, the Queen in the North shook all the right-hands of the strangers that came to rescue her, while each man placed a left-palm on her round belly for a soft instant. With Jory, Jess, Ser Spicer, Ser Brynden and her brother Ser Raynard, she gave a hug each. She then trailed all of them with Olyvar and Raynard holding her weight. They descended down the path they came from, back to the LionsJape, WinterStorm and BattleWolf. Queen Jeyne Stark continued to scream. Oh, bloody shit. This will be the death of us. The descent will be much faster, but it was still a long way to go. With the Queen moaning in labor, they decided to light two more torch lights. Being heard here is just as unfortunate as being seen. But the darkness in front of him still faded in and out, confusing Olyvar’s eyes in blur. For a moment, the knight fantasized about golden dragons down here in the empty gold mines and sewers of Casterly Rock, to illuminate the rest of the route with flames … expediting the rescue. Where in the hell is Lord Gawen Westerling? His trumpets and drums? It would at least muffle out Jeyne’s cry. At any moment, they could be heard … and then they could be trapped. Then the Blackfish noticed Maester Valarik was in their party. “Who in the Seven Hells are you?” Lady Maege told Ser Brynden and allowed the quivering maester to speak. “I am the maester of Casterly Rock. I don’t know what is going on here. Pl- … please let me go, I won’t say a word. I … I am innocent, I was just treating the children for an illness.” “You said it was for research,” Maege interrupted. “Um … bb … both,” the maester lied. “In a dungeon? No tools nor vials?” Maege questioned rhetorically. The maester had no answer for that. He looked back to the Blackfish. “Ser, you must understand-“ The Blackfish cuts him off. “Must I? I heard enough of your sorcery, Maester. Shut your mouth or I’ll throw you out of a window.” The group was nearing the sea’s level, until they encountered the original path that dipped up and down. It was filled with flooded water from the storm surges. Ser Brynden Tully cursed at the sea trap. Olyvar knows the Blackfish could swim under it like he did at the moat of Riverrun, but not the others. They began to retreat and regroup. Ser Rolph approached Ser Brynden, not shaken nor stirred, and offered a detour. “Follow me, this way leads to the kitchen of that courtyard at the base of the cliffs. At that courtyard, there is a large sewer drain that would lead us back to the paths of the rowboats. It is risky, we may be spotted.” “We may be sitting ducks,” Goose added to the complaint. “We have no choice,” said the Blackfish. They followed Ser Rolph, with his niece still moaning. They reached the hidden entrance to the kitchen and began to secure the area with weapons & shields drawn. It was empty. No gatherings or weddings were to be held outdoor this evenfall, especially with the thunderstorm. Olyvar peeked outside. Overcast clouds threw down rain-water onto dirt and stone, as the setting sun was half bathe into the ocean’s clear golden horizon. The courtyard by the sea was no bigger than the feast hall at the Twins. Stone pathways met at the middle, leading into a circular floor-drain that was exposed at the center of the yard. Twenty feet high granite pillars the size of tree trunks supported the open rectangular balcony above the ground level, overlooking the ocean. The kitchen doors were connected to the bottom level, but Olyvar was unsure what would lurk above them on the second floor balconies, with its four feet high parapet and six feet of platform width. Lightning flashed the columns bright white as the wet grass turned into mud. Ser Brynden paced around the kitchen for a moment, trying to hide his shaking hands. He assessed the situation and regrouped the band of brothers. “Bows and arrows,” he commanded … and they obeyed. “Each men take cover behind a pillar. Sprint to it and establish a defensive stance with an arrow nocked to the string of your bow. Keep your eyes open. Rico will run to the middle alone, pull out the drain cover and retreat back. Alesander! Ray! Run to the opened drain and descend down the ladder. Once it is clear, let us know. We’ll bring Jeyne down first, followed by her sister and mother, and then Edmure.” “Brothers!” as they assemble behind the closed double doors in single line. “Nock!” From a window, Maester Valarik spied over to the drain, and then tried to block the traffic at the kitchen exit. “This is absurd! I have friends in court and I can vouch for you! Give yourselves up! This is madness, this is ludicrous!” The She-Bear grabbed him. “Move maester, get out of the way!” She threw him to the corner by the pantry. Lady Mormont drew her dagger, gleaming silvery-blue for an instant as a crack of thunder boomed through the window. She pressed the flat of her blade onto his crotch and the terrified maester began to piss himself. Lady Maege disgusted, leaned back and threatened, “We have not killed anyone yet. You stay here like a good quiet dog and oblige, or this bear lady will rock your head away with a club when she comes back!” Ser Brynden opened the double doors as Ben and Benjen held it. The Blackfish ran out first, around the perimeter to the furthest side of the terrace, forty yards away with bow & arrow in hand. The other men followed and fell into their positions, squishing their footsteps on the mud and stone. Rico, Phyl, and Sam the Shredder followed the Blackfish to the southern side and took cover behind a column each. Scrooge, Donal, Raff, Mikkal and Leo sprinted for the eastern pillars as June, Jory, Jess, Fess and Lord Galbart Glover took the west. Ben and Benjen left their kitchen doors to joined Ser Goose and Ser Rolph Spicer at the closest posts of the north. Queen Jeyne, Lady Maege, Lady Eleyna, Lady Sybell, and Lord Edmure stayed inside the kitchen with Ser Olyvar … as Ser Raynard and Alesander were ready to their task. Rico unarmed, darted from his column towards the center of the courtyard and tore open the drain cover with ease. He flung it over the mountainous wall and into the sea as he headed back to his pillar, re-arming himself with the bow. Alesander Frey and Ser Raynald Westerling, dashed towards the open drain and attempted to descend. Their shields, quivers and bows were caught at the circular entrance, so they discarded them at the base before going below. After Ser Raynald gave the clearance, Olyvar and Maege discarded their weapons and escorted Jeyne slowly and gently towards their escape, their clothes soaking in the rain. Olyvar kept Honor slung center at his back. Raynald offered himself as Jeyne sat on her older brother’s shoulders as they descended down the twenty foot ladder. Olyvar was doing everything he could to keep Jeyne stable from above as rain-water trickled down the drain. When they reached the bottom, Olyvar noticed a weirwood tree staring right at him. A godswood? Here? The cavern was surrounded by roots and several rocky openings as well. He paid it no more mind and walked Jeyne towards a sewer entrance where Alesander was waiting for them. “The rowboats are not far! I see them, just a few more paces from here. I’ll keep a lookout on that exit.” He scouted ahead again. Jeyne could not advance any further and fell lightly to the ground. “I can’t move anymore.” Lady Maege came down the ladder and positioned herself between Jeyne’s legs. “Push your Grace! Push! Push!” The rumbling of the thunderstorm was getting much louder. Leo surprisingly came down with Eleyna and told Olyvar, “I think I hear a few soldiers moving on the second floor balcony. The parapets won’t allow us to see what’s hidden behind it.” No not now. “It could be just the thunderstorm,” Olyvar hoped. Lady Sybell and Lord Edmure Tully soon followed down the ladder. “I believe there are Lannister soldiers getting into positions above us. They must be waiting for more of their reinforcement to arrive,” Edmure sounded sure. Olyvar cursed. The Blackfish came down next. “We need to leave now. The storm surges will steal our rowboats as well.” Jeyne was still moaning. Maege was still instructing, “Push! Push! Push!” Olyvar began panicking in this awful shit-storm of a mess. “We need to go now! The soldiers are coming! The thunderstorm is coming!” “WINTER IS COMING BETWEEN HER GRACES LEGS!” Maege screamed back. Olyvar could not help but to chuckled for a beat before being serious again. “Bloody shit. Winter needs to be going!” “Look son, I’m not your mother. You go figure it out yourself,” Lady Maege protested. Olyvar felt like a fool below the Rock, looking back at all the wrong paths that got him lost here. If I just lied to my father of my intentions, and informed his Grace not to come to the Twins, we would not be here now at some shit sewer in the Westerlands. Jeyne would be crying in childbirth at Winterfell after Robb had retaken it from the Ironborn. King, Queen and babe Stark would be safe and sound. And me … I would be their Kingsguard knight … Ser Olyvar Frey … the Kingsavior. “Ray, go find Alesander and summon him to return here to help. He is not far.” Olyvar looked toward his Queen as Maege Mormont continued working in between Jeyne’s thighs, awaiting for the wolf-pup that their world was here for. Let us pray it is only one babe. A pair of twins would surely mean the doom of them. There was nothing Olyvar realistically wanted more now than Lord Gawen’s trumpets, and his young son Rollam’s drum rolls. Where is our diversion to get the Lannister soldiers to march away from us? Goose tried to come down the ladder next, but the big man was stuck on top even with his weapons and shield forfeited. His golden egg had bulged out from his pocket, stopping him from entering the small circular drain. He was trying to work it out of his clothes. Olyvar kneeled down next to his Queen, trying to facilitate this shit storm anyway he could. He went to feel for the letter he wrote to his father, but instead found the colorful bright feather that Captain Samullu gave to him earlier. He offered it to Queen Stark for some comfort. “A gift? It is so beautiful Olyvar,” she said in discomfort. “I have a gift for you as well.” She summoned her mother and removed a thin cloak from her purse. Queen Jeyne Stark took it and unveiled it to Olyvar. It was the castle of the Twins, colored in grey, seated on a field red hot as a chilled blue stream flowed under the bridge. Olyvar motioned to give her his back, and she attached the cloak onto him. “I knitted it myself.” “It is gorgeous my Queen. What does it mean? The water under the bridge?” “It means forgiveness here, so you can move on. Now promise me Olyvar, don’t leave us again. Protect us. Protect your King’s child. We must never separate again.” Ser Olyvar Frey gave the Queen his word. Goose had finally removed the golden rock from his hidden pocket, and held it with his hand. At the moment useless, the knight threw down the golden egg to Leo, as it flashed bright from the lightning above. The knight started down and down the ladder. Suddenly a voice roared from above. “This is Ser Forley Prester! Drop your weapons! Drop them!”
2024.06.09 22:54 aglasnarUnderstanding gallstones: A practical guide for patients - SOVETPLUS .COM Корисні поради для дому
Gallstones affect one in five people, making it the most commonly diagnosed digestive disease in patients of all ages. What are the features of gallstone disease – what kind of disease is it, how does it manifest itself and how to deal with it?
What are gallstones?
Cholelithiasis is a condition in which insoluble deposits of many bile chemicals occur in the gallbladder or bile ducts. Bile consists of water, bile acids, cholesterol, fatty acids, phospholipids, proteins, bilirubin and inorganic compounds. Normally, all these substances dissolve in bile and are excreted in this form into the digestive tract, but disturbances in the composition of bile impact their solubility. The first insoluble substances to precipitate are the so-called dirt and microcrystals, which over time combine into increasingly larger structures, resulting in the formation of deposits. Most often they form in the gallbladder and are then called cholecystolithiasis. Much less typically, they form in the bile ducts – then choledocholithiasis occurs. Typically, stones found in the bile ducts are of vesicular origin, that is, they enter these ducts from the gallbladder. In most cases, stones are composed of cholesterol, inorganic ions such as calcium, proteins, and bile pigments. These ingredients come in different proportions. There are different types of deposits: cholesterol, pigment and mixed. Mixed deposits, that is, cholesterol and pigment deposits, are by far the most common. Pigment deposits are commonly found in developing countries, such as Africa and Asia, but in developed countries, such as Europe and North America, they consist only of cholesterol.
Gallstone disease – causes
The mechanism of gallstone formation is complex, and experts often cannot indicate the specific reason for their formation. This phenomenon is caused by several factors, including disorders of lipid metabolism in the body and decreased secretion of bile acids. Another burden is bile stagnation, which allows pathogens such as bacteria to accumulate in the bile ducts. Risk factors predisposing to the occurrence of this disease include:
Age over 50,
Genetic problems,
Increased estrogen levels
parenteral nutrition,
Chronic diseases associated with lifestyle: diabetes, hypertension, cancer,
Diseases of the digestive system: Crohn’s disease, liver cirrhosis,
Pregnancy,
Increased levels of triglycerides in the blood,
Use of certain antibiotics, antidepressants, fibrates,
cystic fibrosis,
Chronic bacterial infections of the bile ducts,
Increased breakdown of red blood cells, for example due to hemolytic anemia.
Gallstone disease – attack symptoms
The pain caused by gallstones is sudden and sharp and can last from a few minutes to several hours. It is characterized by unpleasant cramps and dull pain on the right side of the abdomen, felt up to the shoulder and even the entire upper back. The discomfort in the lower chest often associated with this condition is sometimes confused with a heart attack. Symptoms typical of this disease include fever, chills, nausea that may lead to vomiting, yellowing of the whites of the eyes, and a change in skin tone to yellow, light-colored stools, and dark urine.
Cholelithiasis during pregnancy
Hormonal changes during the second and third trimester of pregnancy increase the risk of gallstone crystallization. Progesterone suppresses the contractility of the gallbladder, promoting bile stagnation. Stones block the bile ducts, which can lead to acute pancreatitis or obstructive jaundice. This condition typically requires hospitalization and the use of a special, easily digestible diet.
Gallstone disease – treatment
In case of an attack of biliary colic, painkillers (paracetamol, ketoprofen, diclofenac) and antispasmodics containing hyoscine, papaverine or drotaverine are used. Hospitals sometimes prescribe stronger opioid medications. Surgical treatment involves removal of the gallbladder, and after surgery it is necessary to switch to a low-fat diet. You can try to dissolve the deposits with ursodeoxycholic acid, but this is a long-term method and has a high risk of relapse.
Cholelithiasis – diet
Cholelithiasis – diet A proper diet is a very important aspect of the fight against gallstones. The menu of a sick person should include mainly healthy foods low in fat. A diet that is usually easily digestible, although containing insoluble fiber, such as cooked vegetables, processed fruits, is usually recommended. Fatty and difficult to digest foods should be avoided.
Flaxseed and gallstones
Flaxseed has a positive effect on digestive functions and also affects the functioning of the gallbladder – it is most effective in the prevention of gallbladder diseases. Regulates the functioning of the gallbladder, promotes its cleansing, prevents the formation of inflammation and gallstones.
Oatmeal and gallstones
During an attack of the disease and when its symptoms subside, as well as during the recovery period after laparoscopic removal of the gallbladder and resection of the gallbladder, it is not recommended to consume whole grain oatmeal (unless we use instant oatmeal and do not overcook it, for example, in “milk” soup).). During the period of remission, their presence in the diet is very desirable, because then the diet should be rich in fiber-rich foods.
Are gallstones dangerous?
Gallstones carry the risk of serious health complications such as biliary colic, acute cholecystitis, chronic cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis and cholangitis.
Untreated gallstones – what are the consequences?
One of the most common complications of gallstone disease is acute cholecystitis. This is an indication for surgical removal of the follicle. Untreated cholecystitis can lead to life-threatening complications such as liver abscess, gallbladder empyema, or peritonitis.Gallstones affect one in five people, making it the most commonly diagnosed digestive disease in patients of all ages. What are the features of gallstone disease – what kind of disease is it, how does it manifest itself and how to deal with it?
What are gallstones?
Cholelithiasis is a condition in which insoluble deposits of many bile chemicals occur in the gallbladder or bile ducts. Bile consists of water, bile acids, cholesterol, fatty acids, phospholipids, proteins, bilirubin and inorganic compounds. Normally, all these substances dissolve in bile and are excreted in this form into the digestive tract, but disturbances in the composition of bile impact their solubility. The first insoluble substances to precipitate are the so-called dirt and microcrystals, which over time combine into increasingly larger structures, resulting in the formation of deposits. Most often they form in the gallbladder and are then called cholecystolithiasis. Much less typically, they form in the bile ducts – then choledocholithiasis occurs. Typically, stones found in the bile ducts are of vesicular origin, that is, they enter these ducts from the gallbladder. In most cases, stones are composed of cholesterol, inorganic ions such as calcium, proteins, and bile pigments. These ingredients come in different proportions. There are different types of deposits: cholesterol, pigment and mixed. Mixed deposits, that is, cholesterol and pigment deposits, are by far the most common. Pigment deposits are commonly found in developing countries, such as Africa and Asia, but in developed countries, such as Europe and North America, they consist only of cholesterol.
Gallstone disease – causes
The mechanism of gallstone formation is complex, and experts often cannot indicate the specific reason for their formation. This phenomenon is caused by several factors, including disorders of lipid metabolism in the body and decreased secretion of bile acids. Another burden is bile stagnation, which allows pathogens such as bacteria to accumulate in the bile ducts. Risk factors predisposing to the occurrence of this disease include:
Age over 50,
Genetic problems,
Increased estrogen levels
parenteral nutrition,
Chronic diseases associated with lifestyle: diabetes, hypertension, cancer,
Diseases of the digestive system: Crohn’s disease, liver cirrhosis,
Pregnancy,
Increased levels of triglycerides in the blood,
Use of certain antibiotics, antidepressants, fibrates,
cystic fibrosis,
Chronic bacterial infections of the bile ducts,
Increased breakdown of red blood cells, for example due to hemolytic anemia.
Gallstone disease – attack symptoms
The pain caused by gallstones is sudden and sharp and can last from a few minutes to several hours. It is characterized by unpleasant cramps and dull pain on the right side of the abdomen, felt up to the shoulder and even the entire upper back. The discomfort in the lower chest often associated with this condition is sometimes confused with a heart attack. Symptoms typical of this disease include fever, chills, nausea that may lead to vomiting, yellowing of the whites of the eyes, and a change in skin tone to yellow, light-colored stools, and dark urine.
Cholelithiasis during pregnancy
Hormonal changes during the second and third trimester of pregnancy increase the risk of gallstone crystallization. Progesterone suppresses the contractility of the gallbladder, promoting bile stagnation. Stones block the bile ducts, which can lead to acute pancreatitis or obstructive jaundice. This condition typically requires hospitalization and the use of a special, easily digestible diet.
Gallstone disease – treatment
In case of an attack of biliary colic, painkillers (paracetamol, ketoprofen, diclofenac) and antispasmodics containing hyoscine, papaverine or drotaverine are used. Hospitals sometimes prescribe stronger opioid medications. Surgical treatment involves removal of the gallbladder, and after surgery it is necessary to switch to a low-fat diet. You can try to dissolve the deposits with ursodeoxycholic acid, but this is a long-term method and has a high risk of relapse.
2024.06.09 22:30 punchworthyHelp with identification
I found this label in a ~200 year old site on the Wisconsin bank of Lake Michigan, in what seemed like an old burn pile with many square nails and old bits of coal. The burn pit was mostly ash. It was mixed with more modern stuff like lead piping and animal bones. I'm so sorry if this is the wrong place to post but I'm hoping someone might recognize the label and brand? I also found the butter knife but there are no makers marks, as well as seemingly woven cloth that was disintegrating and a very rusty old button that broke in half as I was attempting to clear off the dirt. The pit was indoors, beneath the main structure of the building, in the original foundation. I needed to keep my shirt over my face since every movement stirred the dead bugs and ash. I am very happy with the square nails so if it's not old I'm not too sad: I had a great time discovering it all. Thank you so much for any info!
2024.06.09 21:48 1lastbraincellInfodump about some species of ants
I love ants, ants are awesome. They are so darn intelligent and innovative, I personally like to think of them as how humans would be like if we were wayyy smaller and were eusocial but that's beside the point. As I had nothing better to do in the afternoon, I spent an hour compiling some stuff about some of my favorite species. Please comment about your favorite species of ant and tell me about them as well!! :) Enjoy! 🐜 Mirror turtle ant: mimics the appearace and behaviour of Crematogaster ampla ants to steal their food and is able to follow pheromone trails laid out by crematogaster ampla ants and follow it to its host's food source. They follow hostile Crematogaster ampla ants to food sites and then start trying to act like them. Mirror turtle ants don’t smell anything like crematogaster ampla, so if they come within sniffing range, they’ll be swarmed and dismembered. They have to move like the enemy and walk like the enemy, all while not getting too close to them, even though they’re in the midst of the enemy and stealing their food. Mirror turtle ants are the first species of ant documented to use visual mimicry to parasitize another ant species. The workers foraging behind enemy lines raise their rear ends up in the air and mimic the walking speed and even the stilt-like posture of Crematogaster ampla. And they do it all so they don’t have to search for food themselves. Matabele ants: Are at war with fungus farming termites who the ants frequently raid for their fungus and to eat the termites themselves. The termites often amputate the ants in combat but while the ants arent particularly powerful against the fungus farming termites but they have a secret technique at their disposal. They carry their wounded soldiers back to their nest where they are treated by the workers who nurse their wounds and disinfect and clean their wounds using antimicrobial saliva and once the soldiers are healed they can partake in battle again. But the rescuing ants have a threshold for how grieviously injured a soldier must be before they are rescued. Of the soldier has lost one or two legs, they may be rescued and taken back to be healed but if they are injured too badly, the resuers will not rescue them or waste resourses and effort trying to nurse them back to health and these soldiers that are hurt too badly are left to die. Honeypot ant: honeypot ant species possess the unique ability to store food for rainy seasons in their bellies. Individual worker ants, called repletes, are engorged to enormous belly size by being force fed, sometimes to the point of being unable to move. Honeypot ants usually feed on flowers for their nectar but can also be seen attacking insects. When the liquid stored inside a honeypot ant is needed, the worker ants stroke the antennae of the honeypot ant, causing the honeypot ant to regurgitate the stored liquid from its crop. Replites are practically living refrigerators and are packed with so many nutrients that many other insect species, are keen on hunting them down and even raiding the honeypot ant colony for a sweet treat. Leafcutter ant: These gardener ants cut out fresh leaves with their sharp mandibles, which they later bring to their nests to feed a particular type of bacteria that lives in symbiosis with the ants. That means that both organisms have become so co-dependent that they cannot survive on their own – the insects supply their guests with fresh nutrients in the form of leaves, while the fungi grow to later on become a reliable food source for the ants. Tawny crazy ant: These ants are at a war with fire ants. Fire ants have an extremely potent poison that kills most other ants, but tawny crazy ants have a secret defense. When they’re hit with fire ant poison, they quickly coat themselves in their own poison, which neutralizes the fire ants’ primary weapon with a 98 percent survival rate. Fire ants: These ants exhibit a wide variety of behaviours, such as building rafts when they sense that water levels are rising. They also show necrophoric behaviour, where nestmates discard scraps or dead ants on refuse piles outside the nest. Their venom is highly toxic and sometimes even lethal to other insects including other ants and are at a constant war with tawny crazy ants. They also have the ability to build rafts in times of floods or when the colony is forced to cross a body of water, the ants will link their bodies together to form a floating raft. The ants on the bottom of the raft grip onto each other with their mandibles, while the ants on the top of the raft link their legs together to create a protective barrier. The raft can be several layers thick and can consist of thousands of individual ants. The ants on the bottom of the raft are able to breathe by trapping air bubbles between their bodies, while the ants on the top of the raft protect the colony from predators and help to steer the raft towards shore. Army ants: While army ants do not build permanent nests, they do construct temporary nests out of their own bodies. These "bivouacs" are formed by the ants gripping onto each other's legs and mandibles, creating a protective structure that can be used for resting or caring for the young. Army ants also are nomadic, meaning that they do not have a permanent home. Instead, they move through the forest in search of prey and temporary shelter, and are constantly on the move. Army ants live in large colonies that can consist of millions of individual ants. One of the most interesting behaviors of army ants is their ability to build rafts. When the colony is forced to cross a body of water, such as a river or a stream, the ants will link their bodies together to form a floating raft. The ants on the bottom of the raft grip onto each other with their mandibles, while the ants on the top of the raft link their legs together to create a protective barrier. The raft can be several layers thick and can consist of thousands of individual ants. The ants on the bottom of the raft are able to breathe by trapping air bubbles between their bodies, while the ants on the top of the raft protect the colony from predators and help to steer the raft towards shore. Slavemaker (Polyergus) ants: these ants raid colonies of formica fusca or silky ants, capture their pupae and, subsequently carry them to their own nests to raise them as slaves. However, the enslaved ants are forced to work seemingly endless shifts for another colony instead of working seemingly endless shifts for their own brethren. Acacia ants: Acacia ants act as bodyguards for acacia trees, defending them not only from weeds, but also from animals, in exchange for accomodation and food – Acacia trees and acacia ants have a unique mutualistic relationship, in which the ants provide protection for the tree and in turn, the tree provides the ants with shelter and food. One way that acacia trees can manipulate the behavior of the ants is by blocking the production of invertase, an enzyme that is essential for the ants to be able to digest sugars. The acacia tree they live on produces a chemical compound which blocks invertase production. The ants that feed on the acacia tree's sap once stop producing invertase, which is necessary for breaking down sucrose into glucose and fructose found in practically other food source, and instead rely on the tree to produce "special nectar" that contains more easily digestible sugars. By manipulating the behavior of the ants in this way, the acacia tree ensures that the ants remain dependent on the tree for their food and shelter. Dinosaur ants: Instead of a queen these ants have an alpha female and moreover unlike a typical ant colony all the ants in the colony have the ability to reproduce. She’s surrounded by up to five beta females, who do nothing but sit around all day long. These betas are next in line if something should happen to the alpha.Sometimes a beta gets tired of waiting and decides to start laying eggs of her own. If the alpha female detects that her position is being challenged, she wipes chemicals from her stinger onto the would-be usurper. At that point, the workers will run out to punish the offending ant. They will pin the overreaching beta to the ground, sometimes for up to four days. After justice has been meted out, the beta also loses her rank and is just a lowly worker from then on, either that or she’s dead from not eating for four days. Cardiocondyla Obscurior: Unlike most male ants who possess wings and their only purpose being to mate with a female virgin queen ant after which they die, in cardiocondyla Obscurior ants, there is only one Cardiocondyla obscurior male per colony. He’s the dominant male ant, and he must defend his territory. If a new male wonders in for some mating, the reigning ergatoid will dab chemicals from his anus onto the intruder. This secretion will cause all of the workers to band together and kill the newcomer. Cardiocondyla obscurior males have a “kill” scent. That’s not all that they’ll do. In an effort to further reduce any possible rivalry, the ergatoid combs the nurseries looking for newborn males to slaughter. The soft one-day-olds are easy to kill. However, if they find a two-day-old male whose armor has hardened, it becomes a pitched battle with a 14 percent chance that the young ant wins and a 43 percent chance that they will both die. This is mostly because they’re both rubbing their kill scents on each other, encouraging the workers to swarm in a killing frenzy. Many times, the workers end up slaying them both, but it’s okay if they both die. New male are always being born, and the dead ones are fed to the larvae. Solenopsis fugax: Solenopsis fugax is a thief ant, meaning that it steals from other ant colonies. However, Solenopsis fugax steals the larvae of other ants. Slave-maker ants do the same thing, but Solenopsis fugax doesn’t need slaves; they’re hungry. They eat the babies of other ants. They also tend to aphids, so they’re farmers who also eat babies on the side. While most slave ants charge in recklessly and try and overwhelm a colony, S. fugax ants tunnel in. Once they find the brood chamber, they discharge pheromones that repel the other ants. It’s the ant equivalent of tear gas. They tunnel in, spray the place down to make all the adult ants run, and then they abscond with the brood, which will be eaten alive. The poison from a single Solenopsis fugax ant is enough to keep workers from 18 different species away for up to an hour. Green ants: These ants live high up in the tree tops. Their unique ability is to build homes out of tree leaves. The first phase in nest construction involves workers surveying potential nesting leaves by pulling on the edges with their mandibles. When a few ants have successfully bent a leaf onto itself or drawn its edge toward another, other workers nearby join the effort. When the span between two leaves is beyond the reach of a single ant, workers form chains with their bodies by grasping one another's waist. Multiple intricate chains working in unison are often used to ratchet together large leaves during nest construction. Once the edges of the leaves are drawn together, other workers retrieve larvar from existing nests using their mandibles. Upon reaching a seam to be joined, these workers tap the head of the clutched larvae, which causes them to excrete silk. The workers then maneuver between the leaves in a highly coordinated fashion to bind them together and the larvae's silk is used to glue the held leaves together in place. They can only produce so much silk, so the larva will have to pupate without a cocoon. Green ants also 'milk' scale insects in or close to the nests for their honeydew. Although weaver ants lack a functional sting they can inflict painful bites and often spray formic acid directly at the bite wound resulting in intense pain. Trapjaw ants: Trap-jaw ants have powerful mandibles that snap closed at extremely high speeds and accelerations. They use these mandibles to capture or stun prey and to fight with other ants. These remarkable mandibles have attracted the attention of biologists and naturalists for well over a century. The term “trap-jaw” refers to mandibles that have a spring-loaded catch mechanism which allows the ants to store up energy in advance of strike and to release the mandibles rapidly. “Trigger hairs” on the face of each mandible connect to neurons that control the latches and release the mandibles. The ants can use these trigger hairs to fire the mandibles the moment they touch the surface of another object. Some trap-jaw ants have another trick – they can jump with their mandibles by snapping their mandibles against the ground, they can jump into the air, often traveling over 20 times their body length. the ants carefully align their heads and bodies before striking the ground and jumping into the air. Ants also use this chaotic jumping behavior to mob and frighten predators. For example, it is startling when a large number of ants start popping like popcorn into the air. Plus, they often land on the intruder and can sting prety hard, making the combination of jumping and stinging a good predator deterrent. Bulldog ants: Apart from their ability to jump at great heights, their eyesight is one of the most powerful in the ant kingdom due to their oversized eyeballs. To give you an idea of just how sharp their sight can be, bulldog ants can discern minute objects at a distance of more than 25 times their length. With exceptionally aggressive behaviour, the bulldog ant is prone to causing painful and, sometimes fatal, bites. Bullet ants: Bullet ants are infamous for their very powerful sting. It's so awful that its comparable to being shot with a bullet, hence the name. Hodor ants: These ants live in abandoned tunnels of wood-boring beetles and, to keep themselves safe from the external environment, the large workers use their disk-shaped heads as living doors to seal off the entrance to their colonies. Diving ants: This species of ant do is dip into the digestive fluids of the carnivorous pitcher plant called the pitcher plant. There, it looks for arthropods that have fallen prey to the plant’s cunning trap and fishes them out to enjoy a fresh meal. Allomerus decemarticulatus: These ants use a particular kind of fungus that they grow themselves – it’s never present in stems that weren’t touched by these ants. As well as being a cultivated food source for the ants, the Allomerus decemarticulatus uses this fungus to make traps called "ant gardens" that lure small insects to them. When the unsuspecting insect lands on a stem full of those trap holes, the predator insects swoop in and catch it with their mandibles. Then, they slowly drag the captive to a leaf pouch, where they tear their prey apart. Camponotus leonardi: These ants possess the fatal ability to make their abdomens explode. They are filled with a toxic liquid that chases off predators, but their combustion comes at a steep price. A final act of defence – one of the most devoted ways to protect the colony in the face of insurmountable odds. They are also the host to the ophiocordyceps unilateralis fungus. Dracula ants: The workers of these species of ant are blind. The primary source of food for these species is the blood of their own larvae. That’s right – this species practices non-destructive cannibalism, i.e. the ability to munch on someone without killing them in the process and extracting carefully controlled amounts of blood to avoid harming the larvae. They also possess powerful jaws, paralysing stings. Giant gliding ants: Giant gliding ants are a group of ants that are able to glide through the air to travel between trees or escape predators. These ants have flattened bodies and long legs that are adapted for gliding. When they jump or fall from a high point, they are able to control their descent by spreading out their legs and using them as wings to steer themselves towards their desired destination. Pheidole oxyops: Pheidole oxyops ants construct feather pitfall traps to capture prey, such as other insects and spiders, that are too large to be handled by individual ants. The feather pitfall trap is constructed by a team of worker ants, who first identify a suitable location to build the trap. They then gather feathers and other small debris, such as twigs and bits of grass, and arrange them in a circular pattern on the ground. The feathers are arranged in a way that creates a funnel-shaped depression in the center of the trap. When a prey item walks onto the feathers, it begins to sink into the depression. The feathers on the sides of the depression are angled inward, making it difficult for the prey to climb back out. As the prey struggles, it sinks deeper into the trap, eventually becoming trapped at the bottom. The Pheidole oxyops ants are able to detect the struggling prey from a distance, and quickly converge on the trap to retrieve the captured prey. The trap is then rebuilt, ready for the next prey item to fall victim. Formica archboldi: This species of ant is known for its unique behavior of collecting the skulls of another species of ant called Odontomachus bauri that it often raids the colonies of and feeds on the workers of. Formica archboldi collects the skulls for their chemical properties. The skulls contain glandular secretions that may have antimicrobial properties. By collecting the skulls, Formica archboldi may be able to use these secretions to protect their nest from harmful bacteria or fungi and because the skulls simply because they are a valuable resource. The skulls of Odontomachus ants are hard and durable, and could be used as building material for the nest or as a platform for the ants to stand on and can serve as an intimidation tactic to ward of would be predators.
Imagine a universe where the familiar structures of our everyday existence—atoms, molecules, and even galaxies—are reflections of a grander, multi-layered reality. This theory posits that our entire cosmos is but one layer in an intricate, fractal-like hierarchy of existence. Let's begin with the idea that our solar system functions similarly to an atom. In an atom, electrons orbit a nucleus, just as planets orbit a star. Now, extend this analogy: a galaxy, composed of countless stars and solar systems, resembles a molecule, a complex structure made up of numerous atoms bound together. Thus, the Milky Way, with its billions of stars, can be seen as a single, complex molecule. But what if this is just the beginning? Envision the Milky Way as merely one molecule in a larger structure—a structure that, at its own scale, might be as mundane as a piece of wood in someone's front door. This implies that the entirety of our observable universe is a small part of a much grander and more complex reality. Now, consider the atomic scale within our universe. Each atom, with its nucleus and orbiting electrons, could itself be a miniature solar system. The particles that make up an atom—protons, neutrons, and electrons—might be tiny planets or stars in a microscopic universe parallel to our own. In this way, the atoms that compose our bodies and everything around us contain entire worlds within them. Taking this a step further, we can think of humans and other living beings as intricate constructs within these nested universes. Our cells, composed of molecules, function as worlds in their own right. Inside these cells, atoms operate as solar systems, and within those atoms, the fundamental particles might be the "strings" described by string theory—vibrating at different frequencies to form the fabric of a much larger existence. This theory suggests a recursive, layered reality where each level is both a part and a whole, infinitely nested within each other. Our perception of scale is merely a function of our position within this grand structure. Just as we are part of the molecular structure of a larger world, so too are the atoms within us entire universes to their inhabitants. In this framework, the universe is a fractal of infinite complexity, with each layer reflecting and containing the others. The strings of string theory, then, might be the most fundamental building blocks of reality, vibrating within each nested universe, connecting all levels of existence in a grand, unified tapestry. This grand cohesive theory redefines our understanding of scale and existence, suggesting that our reality is but one layer in an endless, intricate hierarchy of worlds within worlds. Prompt: Come up with a theory that goes along the lines of the following, feel free to change things, add things I didn’t consider and make improvements to the theory. So basically the idea is that what if a solar system is like an atom, a galaxy is like a molecule. Basically that our world is made up of atoms and molecules but what if our world makes a whole world of stuff a level up from us, maybe that the Milky Way is a molecule of wood in someone’s front door. Maybe our atoms are worlds of their own. Maybe the humans on earth are the string theory “strings” of a bigger world. Put all this together and make a grand cohesive theory and then present that theory as if I’d never heard it before.
2024.06.09 21:08 Accurate-Broccoli-77The History of Nations on Earth: 2,800-7,900 AD
The Rise and Fall of Nations on Earth
Introduction This encyclopedic article chronicles the epic, millennia-spanning saga of the rise and fall of nations on planet Earth, from the tumultuous Pre-Cataclysm Era in the 2700s through the transformative Uplift Era, the great interspecies conflicts of the Post-Cataclysm and Uplift Wars, the dawning of off-world colonization, and the eventual decline of human civilization with the ascendance of the artificially evolved Lumen species by 7900. Drawing upon historical records and archeological findings, it provides a comprehensive account of the cataclysmic events, technological and cultural developments, key figures and civilizations, and the overarching geopolitical upheavals that reshaped the global order over thousands of years. This sweeping historical narrative offers profound insights into the resilience, adaptability, and capacity for both creation and destruction that defined the sapient species of Earth. Pre-Cataclysm Era (2700s) The Pre-Cataclysm Era of the 2700s was marked by rapid scientific and technological progress alongside growing sociopolitical unrest and ecological degradation. Major nation-states and power blocs like the North American Empire, Eurasian Federation, African Union, South American Confederation, and Oceanic Alliance vied for global supremacy through military might, economic coercion, and technological brinkmanship. Despite their might, governments struggled with pervasive surveillance, oppressive social control systems, severe inequality, disinformation, and the depletion of finite resources. The consequences of unchecked industrialization and urbanization like climate change, pollution, biodiversity loss, and resource scarcity foreshadowed the planetary cataclysms to come. Cataclysmic Events (2800-2877) The period between 2800-2877 saw a series of devastating cataclysmic events that brought an end to the Pre-Cataclysm Era and radically reshaped the Earth's surface. Massive supervolcano eruptions like Yellowstone blanketed continents in ash. Megathrust earthquakes in regions like Cascadia generated destructive tsunami waves. Eruptions of the Siberian Traps released greenhouse gases driving rapid global warming and ocean acidification. A gigantic landslide in the Canary Islands triggered a mega-tsunami across the Atlantic. The upheaval collapsed nations, wiped out population centers, decimated ecosystems, and merged the continents into the supercontinent of Uniterra surrounded by archipelagos. It marked an existential catastrophe for humanity that few survived. Seven Survivor Groups and Early Rebuilding (2877-3200) The cataclysms nearly rendered humanity extinct, but seven isolated groups managed to endure: the Svalbard Seed Vault Survivors, Mekong Delta Refuge, Andean Stronghold, Siberian Tundra Enclave, Polynesian Voyagers, Appalachian Mountain Refuge, and Kalahari Desert Sanctuary. Each emerged into the harsh new reality of Uniterra's unfamiliar terrain, towering megaflora like thousand-foot trees, and deadly megafauna like giant reptiles, mammals, and insects. Over centuries, they painstakingly reestablished agriculture, shelter, and the precursors to new nations through their unique ancestral skills in farming, aquaculture, mountaineering, seafaring, and desert survival. Their rediscovery of lost technologies set the stage for future societal rebirth on the altered world. Altered Earth Era (3200-3800) As the descendants of the survivor groups established settlements and explored their new environments, distinct societal structures and cultural identities emerged, forming the foundations of what would become the earliest new nations of the Altered Earth Era like the Svalbard Federation, Mekong Delta Alliance, Andean Confederation, Siberian Tundra Coalition, Polynesian Maritime Federation, Appalachian Union, and Kalahari Desert Confederation. To adapt to Uniterra's formidable landscapes and life forms, they revolutionized fields like agriculture, architecture, energy, industry, and warfare. However, competition over finite resources like water and land ignited the first territorial conflicts between these nascent civilizations after the cataclysms. Technological Resurgence and Societal Development (3800-4000) By 3800, the technological knowledge of the pre-cataclysm world was resurging, with rediscoveries like autonomous vehicles, advanced computing, artificial general intelligence, bioengineered crops, and renewable energy infrastructure. The nations grew more structurally complex and developed distinct cultural identities reflected in their languages, religions, arts, and social norms. However, this era was also marred by the resurgence of human supremacist ideologies, invasive social control systems, inequality, censorship, and other injustices previewing future upheaval. Post-Cataclysm Wars (4000-4200) From 4000-4200, the Post-Cataclysm Wars raged as nations like the Svalbard Federation, Mekong Delta Alliance, Andean Confederation, Siberian Tundra Coalition, and others deployed increasingly apocalyptic weapons - from intelligent drones and cybernetic supersoldiers to biological agents and energy cannons - to gain military superiority and control over vital resources across Uniterra. Epic battles like the Siege of New Babylon, the Battle of the Boreal Sea, and the Mountain Campaign extinguished entire cities. The cataclysmic conflicts triggered unprecedented technological leaps in fields like robotics, cybernetics, and artificial intelligence to survive total war, but also caused staggering casualties, infrastructure devastation, famine, disease, and economic collapse before an eventual stalemate and the formation of tenuous peace treaties. The Uplift Era (4200-4800) The Uplift Era brought seismic upheaval as clandestine researchers from struggling nations achieved the unthinkable - uplifting various animal species like canines, felines, swine, primates, cetaceans, and cephalopods to human-level intelligence and autonomous sapience through genetic engineering and neurological augmentation. The emergence of these radically enhanced species threatened humanity's primacy and birthed visions of either cooperative cosmic transcendence or existential subjugation. Over centuries, the uplifted formed their own civilizations, nations, and evolutionary trajectories, developing unique cultures and paradigm-shifting biotechnologies. The Canine Confederation, Feline Empire, Swine Collective, Primate Alliance, Cetacean Collective, and Cephalopod Consortium asserted their self-determination alongside human resistance and open conflict, completely recasting the geopolitical landscape. The Rise of Uplifted Nations (4800-5200) From 4800-5200, the uplifted nations solidified their territorial claims and influence, often encroaching on the domains of human civilizations through superior technologies or sheer population growth. New interspecies alliances emerged like the Canine-Feline Alliance and Primate-Swine Coalition, while maritimedomains like the Polynesian Federation and Cetacean-Cephalopod Pact vied for control of ocean trade and resources. Periods of uneasy cooperation through efforts like the Interspecies Scientific Consortium were punctuated by escalating conflicts like the Great Plains War between humans and uplifted forces over the resource-rich grasslands of central Uniterra. The upheaval blurred prior cultural boundaries, birthed groundbreaking advancements in AI and space exploration, and foreshadowed greater upheavals. The Great Uplift Wars (5200-5800) Tensions between human and uplifted powers finally erupted into the apocalyptic Great Uplift Wars from 5200-5800, as blocs like the Tripartite Pact of the Canines, Felines, and Primates clashed with humanity over dwindling resources and ideological supremacy. Titanic campaigns like the Siege of New Babylon, the Battle of the Boreal Sea, and the ruinous Great Desert War saw radical new weapons unfathomable even during the Post-Cataclysm Wars deployed, including bioengineered armies, sentient machines, and psionic powers that could manipulate minds and transcend space. After centuries of cataclysmic conflict scoured Uniterra, the uplifted species finally achieved victory and forged the Sapient Alliance global order, relegating humans to limited enclaves. The wars represented a cultural singularity where the evolved uplifts supplanted Homo sapiens as the planet's dominant life forms. Dawn of Off-World Colonization and Reconstruction (5800-6200) The aftermath of the Uplift Wars saw ideological schisms emerge between uplifted society's secular progressives and humanity's remaining traditionalists. However, more unifying efforts focused on rebuilding Uniterra's devastated nations and infrastructure while advancing space exploration to colonize other worlds less damaged by millennia of cataclysms and conflict. This drove technological leaps enabling pivotal achievements like the permanent Helfspir Settlement on Mars by 6000 - the first extraterrestrial human colony. Yet Helfspir remained an isolated outpost, as most uplifted and human resources focused on post-war Terra for nearly a millennium due to the staggering investment required for further off-world expansion. Consolidation and Advancement (6200-7600) From 6200-7600, the most scientifically advanced nations consolidated global power and formed new supranational alliances on Uniterra like the Svalbard Federation, Mekong Delta Authority, and Andean Primacy as rivals fell. Rapid progress in fields like biotechnology, nanotechnology, AI, and human enhancements like genetic engineering and cybernetics blurred prior biological boundaries and birthed a new post-humanist class of augmented individuals. Cities embraced fractal designs and neo-feudalistic hierarchies for extreme resource efficiency, with elite "core" clans controlling most technology. However, eventually these concentrated technocracies erupted into further Global Resource Wars and draconian control systems like the Imperium Contract to enforce order. Rise and Fall of Earth's Nations (7600-7900) The era between 7600-7900 saw perhaps the most pivotal transformation in Earth's human civilizations as the Chrono-Biogenesis Project birthed an artificial species - the Lumens - that would supersede and almost eradicate Homo sapiens itself. As these superiorly enhanced transhuman Lumens proliferated, most of the old post-cataclysm nations quickly declined or were absorbed into Lumen spheres of control. Only small "holdout" nativist societies resisted integration to preserve human autonomy and culture. By 7900, this completed a final shift in the planetary balance of power, with over 90% of Earth's population now Lumen. A bitterly contested "Lumen Imperative" attempted to preserve the last vestiges of humanity, but their fate remained ambiguous as the new Lumen civilization became the inheritors of the world. Legacy and Insights This sprawling historical account of the rise and fall of nations on Earth spans over 5,000 years - revealing a rich, complex, and cosmically profound saga of civilizational ascendancy and collapse, cataclysmic upheavals, technological revolutions transcending the limits of carbon-based biology, and the eternal struggle of autonomous sapient life forms to survive and propagate amid existence's grandest stages. Emerging from primal origins, humanity catalyzed its own transcendence and rendered Earth the primordial cradle for the Lumen, its first self-evolved progeny to supplant its creators as the custodians of this terrestrial sphere. This compendium's insights into the dynamic interplay between sentient society, breakthrough innovation, resource competition, and planetary existential risks offer vital lessons for all emergent intelligences in this vast universe in prudently shepherding their evolutionary potential. For whether across the seas of Earth's former continents or between the interstellar gulfs that enveloped its precivilized ancestors in cosmic night, the grand profundities of survival, progress, and meaning abide through every transcendent metamorphosis of life's journey from the primordial ooze to the vaults of eternity. What would you like to know more about from this era?
On December 1, 2023, a very weird little playlist came into existence and I don't think it was talked about enough. It has become my Roman Empire.
At first, I thought I'd shake it off a la niceboy ed, but I have many, many questions about spiral alice, some of which I've included at the end of this post. Please also note the multiple connections to conversations we've had in Gaylor spaces recently, especially when it comes to overarching themes and symbolism. So please, come down the rabbit hole and spiral with me because I would love to discuss!
Who or what is spiral alice?
This is the rundown on how spiral alice came to be a topic of conversation, so start here if this is new to you or you need a refresher. November 29, 2023
“You’re Losing Me” (YLM) is released on all streaming services to celebrate Taylor Swift being named Spotify’s Global Top Artist of 2023.
December 1, 2023
Fans notice that YLM lists a third person in the songwriter credits, “spiral alice,” on Apple Music.
Spotify credits for YLM only list Taylor Swift and Jack Antonoff.
Searching for “spiral alice” on Spotify returns no artist by that name.
However, there is a Spotify radio playlist titled “spiral alice Radio.”
What is a Radio playlist? According to the Spotify Community page, “Spotify Radio is a feature that creates a playlist based on any Song, Album, Playlist or Artist you select. The playlist also updates over time to keep fresh.”
On both Apple Music and the Spotify radio playlist, “spiral alice” is stylized in all lowercase.
Users reported the following about their individual spiral alice Radio playlists:
Users didn’t have all the same songs, but there was significant overlap.
Users asked friends who do not listen to Taylor Swift to see what kinds of songs were included for them; there was also significant overlap between those playlists and the playlists of frequent listeners of Taylor Swift.
When logged in to Spotify, there are no songs by a “spiral alice,” or an artist page for that name.
The playlist featured a very small preview image at the top of the playlist that showed the Taylor Swift video “canvas” for the song Mastermind.
Normally a Spotify Radio station starts with the artist whose song, profile, or album the station is based off of. This playlist started with a Taylor Swift song for all users (although the song itself varied).
All users reported that the playlist followed the pattern of the first song being a Taylor Swift song, as well as every 6th song after that. This pattern has since changed.
The Themes are Theme-ing
Throughout the playlist, several striking recurring themes and potential Swift references stand out. Some recurring themes include:
Ashes
Battle / War / Fighting
Broken / Damaged / Blinded / Hurt / Healing
"Daylight"
Doors
Fire / Smoke
Flying / Falling
Growing Up / High School
Home / Going Home / Hometown
Hypnotized / Mesmerized / Spellbound
Light / Dark
Memory / Nostalgia
Ocean
Past Love / Passage of Time
Poets / Poetry
Prison
Roads
Stars / Moon
Storms
Yellow / Blue / Gold
Some striking coincidences/themes in the spiral alice Radio playlist:
A song called "florida" by mxmtoon was featured on the playlist when it was first released. This was months before the TTPD announcement.
Songs called "Labour," "Ceilings," and "Tunnels" were included prior to the TTPD release ("Years of ~labor~, locks and ceilings," "Gray and blue and fights and ~tunnel~s" are lyrics from "Fresh Out the Slammer").
A song called "Wild Winds" was included prior to the TTPD release ("Wise men once said 'Wild winds are death to the candle'" are lyrics from "The Albatross."
Several songs from The Greatest Showman were featured, again prior to TTPD which features a lot of circus references.
The Lyrics are Lyric-ing
Lyrics that stood out from spiral alice Radio (there are hundreds of examples):
"Don't break my heart for another / Don't leave me half a lover." - Half of a Lover, NIKKITA
"And freedom is what happens when you finally take off / Your prisoner disguise." - The Prisoner Song, Duncan Trussell
"Daylight blows into one door and out of the other." - Daylight Blows Into One Door, Linying
"You pull me in like some kind of wind / Mesmerized by the hold I'm in." - At All Costs, Chris Pine
"Lovers in the night, poets trying to write / We don't know how to rhyme, but damn, we try." - Always Remember Us this Way, Noelle Johnson
"Just think about the life you'll have together after the war! / And then you do it for her." - Do It for Her, Steven Universe
"It's okay to cry." - Erin McCarley, I'll Never Go Away
"Call it what you want, call it what you need / There's a shift, there's a glitch in this reality." - Yosemite, Iniko
"I got clean of you from my tears." - Cells, MARCIANA
"Countdown, Happy Birthday, dry heave, I am not okay / Brain rot, in a pretty dress, I'm a hot mess." - Hot Mess, dodie
"Sick of sickness (sick of sickness) / And Cheshire smiles (and Cheshire smiles) / Am I allowed to feel this mad? / No one to blame (no one to blame)" - florida, mxmtoon
"Enough's enough, find your pearl / And fall in love with a girl." - Fall In Love With a Girl, Cavetown
"She'll love you carefully, drawing letters on the beach." - Fall In Love With a Girl, Cavetown
"Insecure, stuck in high school mode...Might be gold, but that shit's still a chain." - Fashion, Jon Bellion
"I had a dream I was seven / Climbing my way in a tree." - Runaway, AURORA
"A record spins all through 'til the daylight." - Rather Be, Luke Sital-Singh
"I love to watch the castles burn / These golden ashes turn to dirt." - Play With Fire, Sam Tinnesz
"Love a good place to hide in plain sight." - Punishers, Phoebe Bridgers
"And my thoughts stay in this haze / And I hope these feelings are a phase." - Nerves, Xeuphoria
"Daylight streams through windowpanes." - Time Flies, Z. Berg
"Sometimes I peek through a keyhole and see people happy." - How Would That Feel, Christina Chong
spiral alice: Taylor's Version
Based on a sample of several users who compiled their spiral alice playlists, the following were the featured Taylor Swift tracks that appeared.
It's notable that the featured tracks that appear represent a very limited selection of her catalog. cardigan, the lakes, and this is me trying all appear in both their album and long pond sessions versions.
cardigan
cardigan - the long pond studio sessions
hoax
marjorie
Mastermind
mirrorball - the long pond studio sessions
peace - the long pond studio sessions
seven
State Of Grace (Acoustic Version) (Taylor's Version)
the lakes - original version
the lakes - the long pond studio sessions
The Smallest Man Who Ever Lived
this is me trying
this is me trying - the long pond studio sessions
This Love (Taylor’s Version)
tolerate it
You’re Losing Me (From The Vault)
The Alcott (feat. Taylor Swift)
The albums represented are:
1989 (Taylor's Version) [Deluxe]
evermore
folklore
folklore: the long pond studio sessions (from the Disney+ special) [deluxe edition]
Midnights
Red (Taylor's Version)
THE TORTURED POETS DEPARTMENT
More Lore
Shazam YLM, Get “Error Track” - A TikTok user made a video (reportedly in June 2023, but it gained traction in December) to say that she heard You’re Losing Me on the radio and wanted to know what it was called so she could buy it. She used Shazam to identify the song and was taken to “Error Track” by spiral alice, with the same black and white profile image as appears on Spotify. She tried three times to Shazam YLM and was brought to Error Track all three times. The screenshot in the user’s video showed that “Error Track” had been Shazamed 18,872 times by the time the screenshot was taken. Google spiral alice, Get YLM - In December, when users searched “spiral alice,” several reported that they got hits related to YLM. “Capillaries” Anagram Fan Theory - An article published by Just Jared on the evening of December 1, 2023 titled, “Who Is Spiral Alice? Taylor Swift Fans Think They've Decoded Mystery Songwriter on 'You're Losing Me'” explains that the fan theory behind spiral alice is that it is an anagram for capillaries, since Swift used her heartbeat in the background of YLM. The only other song in Swift’s catalog to use a recording of her heartbeat is “Wildest Dreams” from the album 1989, where she credits the recording as “Heartbeat - Taylor Swift.” Some fans criticized the interpretation of “spiral alice” as capillaries, saying that despite being part of the vascular system and connecting arteries to veins, “capillaries” isn’t synonymous to a heartbeat. Is It an Alice in Wonderland Reference? - A lot of people noted that “spiral alice” could be a reference to Alice in Wonderland. Imagery surrounding the Alice stories, from original book illustrations to the Disney film retellings, classically include spirals to symbolize disorientation and whimsy. spiral alice Album Art - The album art image for spiral alice is a black and white illustrated silhouette of a person with both hands on their head and one large eye for a face. They appear to be looking up at or being looked down upon by an evil eye symbol, surrounded by seven smaller evil eye symbols. A reverse image search suggests the image may be related to various holy symbols. As of June 2024, there are several uses of this image as a profile picture, but no notable use that credits the original artist. Background Color Changing - In late May 2024, the background color of the spiral alice Radio playlist changed color from a coral pink to a periwinkle blue. For a short period of time, the cover of the playlist mentioned Taylor Swift as a featured artist on the playlist.
Swiftian Spirals
The spiral alice of it all made me wonder where else spirals may have been referenced in Taylor's work and I found the below. Although a clear throughline is a little hard to see, I think it's still interesting.
2014 (?) - The Manhattan apartment where many of the 1989 Polaroids were taken featured a spiral staircase.
August 24, 2017 - The Look What You Made Me Do lyric video is released. Created by the design firm ODD, the video’s look is inspired by the unique style of designer Saul Bass, who designed the iconic movie poster for Alfred Hitchcock’s 1958 thriller Vertigo.
According to the Academy Museum Store, “In 1989, Vertigo was one of the first 25 films selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.” We do know she loves a callback to 1989 pop culture events.
February 24, 2019 - Taylor posts a pink-filtered photo of her on a spiral staircase as promo for Lover.
August 22, 2019 - The Lover music video is released. In the center of the Lover house is a spiral staircase.
November 23, 2021 - Swift posted a video of her singing Champagne Problems from the base of a spiral staircase, wearing the wedding gown from the “I Bet You Think About Me” music video.
November 11, 2021 - “If you want to go down a rabbit hole, jump in, the water’s great. We’re all mad here.” - Taylor Swift on The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon. Adding this here because spirals are a visual motif in Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo and the Disney animated Alice in Wonderland. In both films, spirals are a sign of falling, disorientation, and dreaming.
October 21, 2022 - Talk your talk and go viral / I just need this love spiral. - Lavender Haze
August 4, 2023 - Taylor promoted a single by an artist called griff titled “Vertigo,” with the caption “damn griff I love this one” and an image of griff, pictured with her hair styled into braids and a single spiral curl in the middle of her forehead, as well as a small spiral under the track name. I do believe this imagery is a reference to the Hitchcock film.
December 2, 2023 - There is a tie-dye shirt in the TS merch store called “Taylor Swift Midnights Spiral Tie Dye T-Shirt.”
February 5, 2024 - Taylor Nation posted a story to Instagram with a red carpet photo of Taylor at the Grammys, captioned: "Pictured: The Chairman of the Tortured Poets Department making Swifties spiral."
How is it possible to have a Spotify Radio playlist for an artist that doesn't exist?
Why did the playlist start with Taylor Swift for everyone who originally looked at it, when the first artist of a Spotify radio playlist should be the artist the playlist is based on?
Why/how was the Mastermind canvas featured on the spiral alice playlist?
Are there technical explanations that would explain all the coincidences surrounding this playlist, and what are they? For example, how are the themes of the songs so consistent/consistent with Taylor's (especially recent) work? How did the playlist's creation coincide so well with the release of YLM?
I know this is probably asked often, so I apologize. I have an almost 3 year old who I plan on homeschooling. I fully understand most "preschool" should be learning through play at this age - but my son actively asks to do flashcards, educational activities, etc and absolutely thrives on routine. I'd like to continue his interests by integrating what he enjoys into the typical learning through play/everyday activities. That being said - are there any resources for curriculum outlines, PK3 learning objectives, etc in which you can reccomend for us to use? I'd like to structure something for Septemper-May for him. Some of the things I find are either too advanced, or not "advanced" enough. If it helps with reccomendations, he already can do the following: -Count to 20 and recognize numbers 1-10 -Knows all colors -Knows all shapes (except he calls all octogons/pentagon/hexagons just "hexagon" - which I'm not even worried about correcting at this age) -Knows all animals and their sounds -Can follow multi-step directions -Properly holds writing utensils -Recognizes about 1/3 of the alphabet and their sounds -Enjoys storytelling -Enjoys matching games -Knows all body parts Thank you!!
if you were the vtuber voice of any of the characters from three houses or three hopes what would the lore be and the content me byleth
Character Backstory:
Name: Byleth Eisner
Title: The Ashen Demon
Background: Originally a mercenary, Byleth becomes a professor at the Officer's Academy in Garreg Mach Monastery. Possessing a mysterious connection to the goddess Sothis, Byleth's journey intertwines with the fates of the three houses: Black Eagles, Blue Lions, and Golden Deer.
Role in Fire Emblem: Three Houses: Byleth plays a pivotal role in shaping the future of Fódlan through their decisions and leadership.
Role in Fire Emblem: Three Hopes: As a character in this spin-off, Byleth’s story takes new turns, adding layers to their established lore.
VTuber Lore:
VTuber Name: Byleth the Enlightened
Background: After the events of the games, Byleth finds herself transported to a new world where she decides to share her knowledge and adventures through streaming.
Personality: Calm, wise, and nurturing, but with a fierce side in battles.
Goals: To connect with fans, share tales of Fódlan, and explore new adventures in the streaming world.
3. Debut Stream Outline
Pre-Debut Hype:
Tease the debut on social media with character art, short clips, and lore tidbits.
Debut Stream Content:
Introduction:
Greet the audience.
Introduce Byleth, both in-game background and VTuber persona.
Character Showcase:
Display the model.
Demonstrate different facial expressions.
Talk about the design process and outfit details.
Lore Explanation:
Share Byleth's story from Fire Emblem.
Explain her new life as a VTuber.
Q&A Session:
Answer questions from the chat about Byleth, the games, and the VTuber process.
Gameplay Segment:
Play a Fire Emblem game or another game that ties into Byleth’s character.
Future Plans:
Discuss what viewers can expect in future streams (gameplay, collabs, story sessions, etc.).
Closing Remarks:
Thank the viewers.
Share social media links and streaming schedule.
4. Additional Tips
Consistency: Maintain consistency in the character’s voice, behavior, and lore across all platforms.
Engagement: Interact with the audience regularly to build a loyal fanbase.
Collaboration: Consider collaborations with other VTubers or Fire Emblem fans to expand your reach.
Voice Talent
Since you’ll be providing the voice, here are some pointers:
Voice Acting: Practice different tones and emotions to bring Byleth to life.
Character Immersion: Stay in character during streams to enhance immersion.
Engagement: Use your voice to create a warm and engaging atmosphere.
1. Byleth Eisner Lore and Introduction
Lore:
Name: Byleth Eisner Title: The Ashen Demon Background:
Byleth Eisner, originally a mercenary, was brought up by her father, Jeralt, a former captain of the Knights of Seiros.
She has a mysterious connection with the goddess Sothis, who resides within her, granting her the power to rewind time and alter destiny.
Byleth becomes a professor at the prestigious Garreg Mach Monastery, where she mentors and leads the students of the Officer's Academy.
Her journey intertwines with the three main houses: Black Eagles, Blue Lions, and Golden Deer, and she plays a crucial role in the war that engulfs Fódlan.
Post the war, Byleth is revered as a hero who reshaped the fate of the continent.
VTuber Lore:
After the events of Fire Emblem: Three Houses and Fire Emblem Warriors: Three Hopes, Byleth finds herself transported to a new dimension where she discovers the world of VTubing.
As "Byleth the Enlightened," she decides to share her stories, experiences, and wisdom from Fódlan with a new audience, engaging with fans and exploring new adventures.
Introduction Voice Lines:
Opening Line: “Greetings, everyone. I am Byleth Eisner, known to some as the Ashen Demon, and to others, as the Enlightened Professor. Today, I embark on a new journey, sharing my stories and experiences with all of you.” Lore Introduction: “My life began as a mercenary, under the tutelage of my father, Jeralt. Destiny, however, had grander plans for me. At Garreg Mach Monastery, I became a professor, guiding the future leaders of Fódlan. Through trials, battles, and the bonds of friendship, I discovered the truth about my connection with the goddess Sothis. Now, in this new world, I am eager to forge new paths and share my adventures with all of you.” Call to Action: “Join me as we explore new realms, relive tales of valor, and create a community of heroes. Together, we will shape our destiny.”
2. Animated Background
Concept:
The background should reflect the grandeur and mystique of Garreg Mach Monastery.
Incorporate elements like the towering cathedral, lush gardens, and Fódlan’s intricate landscapes.
Include subtle animations such as birds flying, leaves rustling, and soft, glowing light effects to add depth and immersion.
Design Elements:
Central Focus: A detailed view of Garreg Mach Monastery.
Side Elements: Banners of the three houses (Black Eagles, Blue Lions, Golden Deer).
Ambient Effects: Soft lighting, moving clouds, and slight shimmering effects to emulate the magical atmosphere of the monastery.
3. Twitch Stream Overlay
Design:
Color Scheme: Turquoise, gold, and black to match Byleth’s color palette.
Layout:
Main Frame: Ornate borders reminiscent of medieval scrollwork.
Chat Box: On the right side with a transparent background and scroll-like border.
Alerts: Top center with icons for new followers, subs, and donations themed around crests and emblems from the game.
Camera Frame: Bottom left, shaped like a portrait frame from the game’s dialogue scenes.
Game Window: Centered with ample space, framed with intricate designs that reflect the game’s art style.
4. Lore Video
Structure:
Introduction: Start with an epic musical score, fading into a panoramic view of Fódlan.
Visuals: Use a mix of in-game cutscenes, artwork, and animated segments.
Narration:
Opening: “In a land of strife and destiny, one individual stands at the crossroads of fate. I am Byleth Eisner, your guide through the tapestry of history.”
Journey: “From humble beginnings as a mercenary, to the revered halls of Garreg Mach Monastery, my path was shaped by war, wisdom, and the bonds forged with my students.”
Transition to VTubing: “Now, in a new world of endless possibilities, I continue my journey. Join me, as we embark on this adventure together.”
Ending: Fade out with Byleth standing at the Monastery, transitioning to her VTuber persona with a seamless animation.
Visuals: Animated background of Garreg Mach Monastery.
Text: “Class is about to begin. Stay tuned!”
Elements: Include subtle animations like flickering torches and flowing banners.
BRB Screen:
Visuals: A serene garden scene within the Monastery.
Text: “The professor will be back shortly. Take a moment to relax.”
Elements: Soft ambient sounds of nature and occasional appearances of students.
Ending Screen:
Visuals: The sun setting over Garreg Mach Monastery.
Text: “Class dismissed. Thank you for joining. See you next time!”
Elements: Gradual fading to darkness with a soft, closing musical theme.
Offline Screen:
Visuals: A quiet night scene of the Monastery.
Text: “The professor is currently offline. Follow to stay updated.”
Elements: Stars twinkling, with a subtle overlay of the three house crests.
Example Voice-Over Script for Lore Video
[Opening Scene: Panoramic view of Fódlan] Byleth: "In a land of strife and destiny, one individual stands at the crossroads of fate. I am Byleth Eisner, your guide through the tapestry of history." [Scene transitions to Byleth as a mercenary] Byleth: "From humble beginnings as a mercenary, to the revered halls of Garreg Mach Monastery, my path was shaped by war, wisdom, and the bonds forged with my students." [Scenes of battles, classroom interactions, and key story moments] Byleth: "Through trials, battles, and friendships, I discovered the truth about my connection with the goddess Sothis. Together, we faced the darkness threatening Fódlan." [Transition to VTuber setup] Byleth: "Now, in a new world of endless possibilities, I continue my journey. Join me, as we embark on this adventure together." [Ending Scene: Byleth standing at the Monastery, transitioning to her VTuber persona] Byleth: "Together, we will shape our destiny. Welcome to a new chapter." or something like that would you all be mad
Welcome back to my running series of WWF PPV Reviews from a ‘blind’ perspective (I have no idea what’s going to happen; the results, the feuds or how good any of the matches will be). I have always heard stories of the attitude era and golden age but never watched it myself so I set myself to watching every single PPV event chronologically. I am also watching Wrestling Bios ‘reliving the war’ series to keep me updated inbetween the events with the feuds, and to get excited about upcoming matches. Before I review the matches, based on the past few episodes of raw and last PPVs I’ll let you know, going into the event, which match I’m most excited for and which feud I’m most excited to see. Now this may surprise you but I’m most excited for the opener with edge vs owen hart. Although not over with the fans yet edge is a hall of famer and I really enjoy his in ring ability, and I think mixing him in with Owen hart is just a match made for success. Excited to see what they can do. Feud Wise the triple threat is sure to deliver, Austin will have to pull out an absolute miracle to be able to get the win over Kane & Undertaker since they can’t pin each other. Everything to do with the main eventers is fantastic, although the steel cage match looks to be very good as well. WWF Breakdown 1998 Match Ratings Edge vs Owen Hart 2.5/5 Too Much vs Al Snow & Scorpio 1.75/5 Marc Mero vs Droz 0.75/5 Vader vs Bradshaw 2/5 D’Lo Brown vs Gangrel 1.5/5 Ken Shamrock vs Mankind vs The Rock Steel Cage Match 3.75/5 Dustin Runnels vs Val Venis 1.25/5 Jarett & Southern Justice vs X-Pac & New Age Outlaws 2.25/5 Stone cold Steve Austin vs Undertaker vs Kane 3.5/5 As I said in the intro an absolute dream match to start the ppv with edge vs Owen Hart. I genuinely think they’ll pull off something impressive here. The crowd was pretty quiet for most of the match, but there were a few pops for the clean moves they pulled off and they got more into it by the end. This was just a classic wrestling match, although I have to say they were a bit off the ball, with their general in ring action being a little slow and unenthusiastic. I’m guessing edge wasn’t feeling as confident at this point of his career. AND WE SEE CHRISTIAN AT ONE POINT!! He appeared at the side of the ring and caused the distraction for Owen hart to get the sneak pinfall victory. It wasn’t as good as I thought it would be but it was still a good wrestling performance, it’s just a shame the crowd really wasn’t behind them. You can’t blame them though there was no build up to the match. Now I know a lot of people won’t like the whole silly Al snow gimmick going on at this point but to be honest I find some enjoyment in it. It’s funny and lighthearted and silly and I think it’s good to mix it up like this and not take everything super seriously. Too much is a good group to work with to make the silly gimmick funny as well. First off I gotta say… what the hell is going on with Scorpios hair. Bro got one of the worst trims I’ve ever seen 😂 seriously needs to have a stern talk with his barber. The crowd was much more into this match than the opener though, they actually enjoyed this more than Owen hart and edge which is crazy to me. But then again the wrestling, surprisingly was better in this one. It was fast paced, it wasn’t dragged out too long, it had some funny moments in it, just a decent mid card match. There wasn’t anything REALLY good in it so I won’t rate it highly or a must watch or anything but I found some enjoyment in it. Marc Mero comes down to the ring and the crowd chants “sable”, of course. Droz makes his entrance and there’s is quite literally no reaction from the crowd, I haven’t seen him before so I’m guessing this is his debut. This match however was very very boring I really didn’t enjoy it. There was one spot from Droz that was entertaining when he performed a good aerial move but other than that I don’t have much to say, just not a great match. The crowd was REALLY quiet for the Vader vs Bradshaw match and honestly I felt bad for Vader as the crowd were being super harsh to him: calling him fat and giving him no appreciation, a sad thing to see how far he fell off. The match was SUPER stiff though, a lot of shots they did looked extremely painful and brutal, but in the way that it looked like there were hits out of frustration… I thought they actually had a decent match though, it was just very stiff and the crowd was not into it at all; the crowd chanted boring and had no enthusiasm for anything happening in the match at all. This is a tough crowd tonight. I do like that Bradshaw changed his hairstyle though, strange seeing him with black hair though. This random dude called Jason does impression of various superstars and to be fair he actually does a really good job, the Rock sounded bang on. I say this again, D’Lo has actually been impressing me a lot recently, he’s really developed his in ring ability and looks way better. I think he’s really benefitting from being his own person in the WWF as well. Gangrel I think is actually a good idea for a character in the wwf, I mean hey if you can make the undertaker work you can make Gangrel work, and the dude looks odd enough to pull it off. But it will only really work if his in ring ability matches his character; he’s a vampire so he has to embody that in his move set and how he does things, just like undertaker does with his deadman persona. D’Lo hits a fantastic looking piledriver early on in the match as he took control, this looked really good and there was a loud audible gasp from the crowd when he hit it. But when they had the crowd behind them they decide to completely slow it down with rest holds in the middle of the ring and the stadium fills up with boos. To be fair it wasn’t that long that they held it it was just the crowd being very tough once again. D’Lo picks up the win in a match that had some decent spots but wasn’t really that great, it started well but finished poorly, the mark henry interference was random too and didn’t do anything for the match. Just an eh, you can skip this one. Next we have the steel cage match and this should be really good. The rock has been on fire recently, foley has also been on top of his game and shamrock is someone I’ve grown to appreciate a lot in the wwf. We get a promo from shamrock which was super average and then we get a promo from the rock, and my god talk about showing the prominent difference being good on the mic can make. The rock has now began his rise to superstardom not only from his amazing work in the ring but his mastery of the microphone. Mankind also cuts a good promo I swear my guy never stutters with his weird ass promos 😂😂. This is the difference between a star and a superstar though, just watch shamrocks promo and then the rocks… it’s quite amazing to see. Shamrock makes his entrance and I think I’m hearing more boos than cheers, is he a heel right now? I don’t think so… the rock makes his way out and for one of the first times we hear the “Rocky” chants without the sucks after it! He gets a huge ovation here and it’s great to see. Finally there’s more than one mega star in the wwf right now again. The match started a little slow with the three having a bit of a difficult time finding ways to fill the time in the ring as it is admittedly very limited what they can do: no outside ring work, three people with only the ring and the cage to work with. People were really behind the rock in this match though, like REALLY behind him, as soon as the rock started getting in any offence the crowd lost it, especially that double peoples elbow. There were thunderous chants of “rocky” as he started climbing the cage after that. The match really picked up in the second half and eventually we get to see mankind doing ANOTHER big dive off a large steel structure. He’s done this before in a steel cage match but this time it missed and he lands straight in the mat, ouch that’s gotta take the wind out of you. I wasn’t sure how the match would play out but I was pleasantly surprised, Rock just can’t miss with his matches right now! Everything he’s involved in just seems to steal the show recently. Mankind hit shamrock with an absolutely thunderous steel chair shot after stopping shamrock from escaping through the cell door, foley climbs the cage and is about to escape but the rock pinned shamrock before he could hit the floor and the rock is the no 1 contender for the title! To be fair I would’ve actually enjoyed an even longer match than they had. Once they got going they really got going, but the rock was a highlight for this match he did fantastically. A great match for the mid card especially. It would’ve been even better with triple H instead of shamrock and to be fair I was disappointed to see he wasn’t on the match card, but in the future we definitely don’t have a lack of the rock vs triple H. Man Dustin Rhodes just hasn’t had a good gimmick recently, this buildup for a match is quite literally that his wife cheated on him and because he’s a preacher he will make him repent. I suppose it’s an improvement over the artist previously known as Goldust. I personally hate home wreckers but I also hate preachy religious zealots trying to throw it in your face and convince kids they will go to hell if they ever do anything wrong so I’m not actually cheering for anyone in this match. I’m more routing for Dustin though, Val is just such an asshole 😂. Marlena/terri comes out with Val and dances with him, and mah gawd she’s got next to naut on! The dancing is super cringy, COME ON DUSTIN PUT HIM IN HIS PLACE! To be fair to them I am invested in seeing Val getting beaten so they’ve done a decent job somewhere. Dustin hit a great power bomb at the start of the match but then… that was kinda it and not really too much else happened. A chin lock is applied that goes on for way too long, Dustin fought out and hit two clotheslines, they battle a bit more and Terri uses the amazing power of the poontang to give Val a level up in strength and stamina. But Dustin manages to hit a bulldog for a two count that… the ref just stopped at? No clue what happened there. But then Val manages to get the win -.- the smug bastard. The crowd was more into asking Terri to take her clothes off than the match and you can’t blame them it was pretty dull. Not too much to say here. It would’ve been much better as a short physical brawl, which would’ve made sense for the heat they created between each other. I’m very much hoping to see double J in the match for most of the time, I have no idea who Jaretts team mates are but they just look boring, not to be rude but they look like they’ll be slow and not entertaining. Double J has grown on me as a heel and that’s simply because of his in ring ability, he’s had a few entertaining mid cards recently. I absolute love that choke hold exchange between x-pac and double J they seem to do every time they wrestle. It looks really good and really builds on the match hype. As I suspected jaretts team mates were very boring so they decided to have Jarett in for most of the match. Everything not involving those two was good. Billy Gunn has really grown on me as well and he works way better being involved with DX than he did before, it’s not that different of a role but I don’t know, maybe he just enjoys it more. Jarett absolutely nailed x-pac with a guitar at the end of the match on the outside of the ring which sounded insanely loud and looked extremely painful. He then says he’s injured his eye and honestly he does a great job because it was believable so I suppose we’ll see the outcome of that injury coming up. The match was okay… it wasn’t anything great and I don’t know why they had it as a semi main event, they should’ve had the steel cage match as the penultimate match. Austin then has all the odds stacked against him having to basically wrestle undertaker and Kane at the same time… and they can only win by pinning him… like what!? I’m very curious to see how this will play out. Kanes entrance is fing awesome, undertakers entrance is fing the coolest thing ever and I really like his new theme with the rock mixup and I’m guessing this new version of undertaker will take him into his ministry arc. Austin starts off smart by attacking undertaker from behind with a steel chair as he made his entrance. Ain’t no messing around with this match we get right off to a flying start! Kane gets control in the ring again and sends Austin to the outside where undertaker continues the beatdown, but Austin sends undertaker flying into the steel steps and counters Kanes attempts to bring him into the ring. My god he’s so over right now 😂. Austin hits Kane with a stunner but undertaker drags him out the ring to break up the pin. The only way Austin can win this match is by getting kane and undertaker to turn against each other, and we see the early signs of this when taker accidentally clocks Kane across the jaw when Austin moves out of the way. There’s a big pop when Austin attacks brisco for getting too close and watching on with glee as Austin got beat up by the brothers of destruction, so Austin taught him a lesson. Eventually after a very very long beatdown on Austin he gets some offence in but undertaker hits Austin with a chair, but kane pulls him off, there’s definitely going to be some drama here. Once again the same thing happens but Kane is pulled off Austin this time. But then undertaker starts destroying Kane as they battle it out. And there’s a really cool moment of Austin and Kane working together to destroy undertaker. It’s quick fast paced back and forth action here! Eventually Kane and undertaker get their alliance back on track and the brothers resume their assault on the rattlesnake. This match has been given much more time than any other match tonight and I am definitely not complaining! But the issues between Kane and undertaker continue to show themselves as they both want to win the title tonight, and the stipulation could be working in Austin’s favour in the later parts of this match! There’s a double clothesline and a big pop as Austin is now the only one on his feet. Somehow, some way Austin is still fighting, with everything he has against taker and Kane but he can’t keep control over the power of Kane. But Austin counters a time stone by sending Kane into the undertaker who’s in the top ropes, he looks for a stunner but undertaker hits him with a huge boot to the face. Just brilliant booking in this match. He’s hit with a double chokeslam and both undertaker and Kane pin Austin… but who’s the new champion?? Vince makes his way to the ring and he steals the wwf belt and walks back down the ramp. Austin nails brisco with a right hook and Vince literally runs away to his limo which drives away and Austin destroys all the corpos as he goes to follow Vince but he’s already gone. I thought this was a brilliant main event which really showed Austin as the toughest SOB in the business. There wasn’t loads of crazy spots or bumps or anything like that but the story told was great and I thought the back and forth of the drama and action was really fun to watch. Overall there wasn’t anything too crazy going on with this ppv but I thought the steel cage match and the main event were well worth watching. An okay mid card with the usual stinkers mixed in there, but I’m so happy to see edge finally making his presence known in the wwf. Excited to see where the storylines go from here. I wouldn’t say there’s any MUST SEE matches in this ppv and felt more like a weekly raw episode if I’m honest but it was still good fun, you wouldn’t miss too much if you didn’t watch it though. Overall rating 2.75/5
The new system is feature-rich and contains everything I need for an excellent framework. Mind you, all this is in testing, but here are some of the features it currently has. Little side note: It might not have some of the survival systems below, but it is very flexible. Community feedback is welcome for all the features we will have in the test builds. Discord is where we all dwell come join us!: Discord Invite
2024.06.09 19:37 Chen_GellerEverything we REALLY know about The Lord of the Rings: The Hunt for Gollum
Abstract
The Lord of the Rings: The Hunt for Gollum is a film which is due to cover the events of Gollum's life, probably between the trilogies and through to the early parts of The Fellowship of the Ring. It is to be directed (and starred) by Andy Serkis, with Sir Peter Jackson producing and Philippa Byoens, Dame Frances Walsh, Phoebe Gittins and Arty Papageorgiou writing the screenplay. Set for release in late 2026 (although a delay to mid 2027 is a distinct possibility), it will be the eighth film in the New Line-produced film series, after this year's The Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrim, and is thus unrelated neither to Amazon's show nor to the notorious video game on the same subject. The film focuses on a puzzling but nonetheless intriguing premise, and may entail appearances from some actors from The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit.
Update section (as of June 2024)
TBD
The Story
Exactly what the story of The Hunt for Gollum is supposed to cover is not entirely clear: it could cover Aragorn's literal hunt for Gollum across the borders of Mordor, culminating in the capture of the creature on the Dead Marshes, interrogation by Gandalf, and incarceration in the Woodland Realm and subsequent escape during an Orc attack, ending with his becoming stuck inside the Mines of Moria. This would make the film less of a traditional prequel, being that these events take place during the time of Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring, largely between the 32 and 36 minute mark (the film is explicitly meant to be continuous with the previous live-action films). However, the title is merely a tentative working title and needn't be taken as too concrete an indication as to the exact contents of the film. Recent comments by Boyens, Jackson and Serkis seem to imply a larger scope, possibly as far back as Gollum's first emergence from the Misty Mountains in an attempt to track Bilbo, turning the film into a "bridge" between the trilogies, of a kind that we see more often nowdays in other media series. After arriving at Dale, ahunt after the creature is in fact already initiated by the Wood Elves, but he reaches the Anduin and eventually winds-up in Mordor. These events are ednumbered in The Lord of the Rings under the chapters "A Shadow of the Past", "The Council of Elrond", "The Dead Marshes", "Shelob's Lair" and Appendix B, rounding up some ten pages. The unruined city of Dale, one of the biggest sets built for either trilogy, could feature in The Hunt for Gollum Admittedly its hardly the most intriguing concept for a film based on Tolkien's works, but such an expanded premise could doubtlessly utilize Jackson's penchant for non-linear storytelling, perhaps using Aragorn's capture of Gollum and his interrogation by Gandalf as a framing device for the telling of Gollum's earlier adventures, which otherwise take place with no companion with which to run dialogue scenes. This premise also promises far more from a visual standpoint: rather than merely reprising the Dead Marshes or Cirith Ungol, one could see the Woodsmen of Mirkwood, as well as the Woodland Realm, Esgaroth and Dale in better days. In Tolkien's unabridged chronology, these wanderings extend over multiple decades, allowing for the story of Aragorn's youthful adventures - in Gondor, Rohan and Harad - to ensue in the middle of it all, although unless the film is indeed a two-entry project, it seems unlikely for Jackson to cover both characters' detailed backstories. At the very least, it could reasonably be expected of Jackson to obscure or contract (as he had done in The Fellowship of the Ring and the Dol Guldur storyline of The Hobbit) the timeframe somewhat. Another potential sideplot could include the downfall of Balin's colony in Moria, precisely because Gollum ends-up stuck behind the closed Western Door of those mines, with the Balin, Ori and Oin long vanquished.Jackson and Boyens previously considred using such a prequel to show Saruman looking for the Ring and falling under Sauron's spell, and while Saruman is almost sure to appear in the animated The Lord of the Rings: War of the Rohirrim, the death of actor Sir Christopher Lee might make his return to the live-action Hunt for Gollum probelmatic. Frankly, cutting out the the latter storyline might help keep The Hunt for Gollum from "spelling out" too much of the goings-on between the trilogy. This exact kind of interstitial spinoffs set between the two Star Wars trilogies (Solo, Obi Wan, Andor and Rogue One) have done this to a rather demystifying effect, and so keeping some events untold might actually enhance the feeling that sixty eventful years have indeed passed between the trilogies, rather than distiling the events of those sixty years to a film that's bound to feel like it transpires over a more finite amount of time. While both film series have been criticised for focusing on a concentrated, "limited" timeframe within the context of a vast fictional history, I think Jackson's desire to present a series of films that are tightly-woven together with the same characters, settings and overall conflict running through all of them. Indeed, by the time Jackson completes his second contracted film for New Line, he and Boyens will have had produced an unprecedented nine films of some 26 hours of cinema or more, cementing their already-entrenched vision of Middle-earth. Jackson had spoken before, not unjustly, of gaining a great degree of "sentimental attachment, a kind of ownership to the Middle-earth that's been put on the screen." It may also help in reducing the risk of the film at "spoiling" the events of The Lord of the Rings trilogy for newcomers, something Jackson had expressed some awareness to with The Hobbit. Gollum's latter-day wanderins take him to the Dead Marshes, Cirith Ungol (where he encounters Shelob), Barad Dur and Moria and these could reduce the impact those places have on the screen in The Lord of the Rings for newcomers after 2026. Exactly how Aragorn could maintain his mystique in the Prancing Pony (admittedly a "card" that the films don't play nearly as long as the book) or the menace of the unseen figure of Gollum, I have no idea. For the same reason, I would argue against the fan-favourite idea of a framing device, by which an elderly Aragorn relates his sojourn with Gollum. Such a device will not only feel overplayed alongside the framing devices of An Unexpected Journey and The War of the Rohirrim but also "spoil" the outcome of The Lord of the Rings in terms of Aragorn's fate for newcomers. The "bridge" function of the film can help make the viewing experience of the series a more balanced experience: I've written about how the six films form a coherent narrative structure, but having said that, the midpoint ("One Ring to Rule Them All") comes in a touch early: a 2 to 2.5 hour film could redress that. The narrative structure of the six films at the present: inserting The Hunt for Gollum before the midpoint could bring it closer to the actual middle of the piece
The Cast
Beside Andy Serkis also reprising his motion-capture role of Gollum (which he also performed recently for his Tolkien audiobooks), its unclear what characters and actors the film will involve: as producers, Jackson, Walsh and Boyens are sure to influence the casting process, as they had for The Hobbit back when it was still a Guillermo del Toro-helmed film, and as Boyens seemed to have done with The War of the Rohirrim, whose cast includes Brian Cox and Serkis' wife, Lorraine Ashbourne. A couple of regulars, like Jed Brophy (who also appeared in The Rings of Power Season One) are almost certain to appear. A cameo for Jackson may also be reasonably expected, and perhaps for Royd Tolkien, as well. Gandalf is said to appear in the film, with the venerable but active Sir Ian McKellen expressing interest in reappearing in the role. In 2006, Jackson had said he has no interest in making a film with "a Gandalf who wasn't Ian McKellen for instance." Presumably, they could accomodate McKellen by shooting his scenes in the UK, as they had done previously with Sir Ian Holm and an even more-venerable Sir Christopher Lee. Viggo Mortensen, who was previously considered for a return in his role of Aragorn to The Hobbit and declined an early availability check, had also expressed some willingness to return to the role. Although he predicated such a return on being "right for it in terms of, you know, the age I am now", which would seem to negate the possibility of digitally de-aging the actor, it must surely be left to Jackson's fabled skills of persuasion: admittedly, Jackson and Mortensen had spoken as late as October 2022, but that was seemingly before any plans for The Hunt for Gollum ripened. Ironically, the return of both McKellen and Mortensen was joked about before, in Stephen Colbert's Darrylgorn spoof. Certainly, Jackson and Serkis - special effects mavericks that they are - will be unlikely to shirk from using digital deaging, a popular technique used by other major film series, especially since the film is due to involve copious amounts of motion-capture anyway. Focusing the story on Gollums' earlier misadventures, in which Aragorn and Gandalf do not feature, could keep the issue at bay to some extent. The Tolkien series by 2026: The Hunt for Gollum poster is, of course, fan-made Jackson had also spoken a couple of times before of trying to get Liv Tyler's Arwen to appear in the last Hobbit entry alongside Mortensen. Orlando Bloom, who had reprised his role as Legolas for The Hobbit, conspiciously liked Serkis' social media notices on helming the film: With Legolas' teaming-up with Argorn set-up in the close of The Battle of the Five Armies, and him playing a role in the battle in which Gollum escapes the Woodland Realm, his reappearance is also not unlikely. Other characters from the Woodland Realm like Lee Pace's Thranduil could also feature. Jackson and Boyens had previously expressed desire to further explore the fate of their original character, Tauriel, but the recent announcement of retirement by actress Evangeline Lilly may or may not confound this: Lilly was also effectivelly retired when Jackson first cast her in that role. If Dale is reappear, so could Bard and perhaps some of the Dwarves.
The Crew
The film is to be directed by Andy Serkis, who had directed a recent adaptation of The Jungle Book, after having started directing with the second unit on The Return of the King and The Hobbit. He is slated to appear this week in a panel for The War of the Rohirrim. Serkis was picked by Jackson, who wrote and directed all six previous films and will produce this film along with partners Fran Walsh and Philippa Boyens. Judging by previous producer outings by Jackson et al (District 9, Tintin, Mortal Engines and The Hobbit prior to del Toro's exit) they are sure to allow Serkis the needed latitude in terms of designing, shooting and editing the film, although as mentioned its likely they'll involve themselves with casting some of the roles. As before, Walsh and Boyens will also be writing the screenplay along with the scribes of the Boyens-produced The War of the Rohirrim, Arty Papageorgiou and Philippa's daughter Phoebe Gittins. Jackson is not credited as a co-writer, but being that he lives with Walsh, and opposite the lawn from Boyens, its certain he will have an important part in shaping the story. Since Jackson lives with Walsh (in the house to the right) and across from Boyens (house immediately left of theirs), he's sure to be intimately involved with the shaping of the story Serkis is also credited as executive producer along with Jonathan Cavendish, who together run the UK studio Imaginarium. Also attached as executive producer is Jackson's agent and The Hobbit executive Ken Kamins. They're unlikely to run into trouble with New Line Cinema, which is currently being run by Pam Abdy, Michael de Luca (who worked on The Lord of the Rings) and Alan Horn, who worked on The Hobbit. Amazon/MGM and the Tolkien Estate are not involved, ensuring no issues in terms of the rights. Although New Line had approached Jackson, the idea for the film was his own. In fact, Jackson was disappointed that the story of the hunt for Gollum could not be included in The Fellowship of the Ring, and already in 1998 had expressed a desire to film it - at that stage, as additional footage to be spliced into the trilogy. By 2002, these plans turned into a "Lord of the Rings prequel" which was in active development until 2007, and that Jackson and Boyens continued to talk about as late as the director's commentary to The Battle of the Five Armies in 2015. This film is entirely unrelated to the 2009 fan-film of the same title, now back on YouTube; nor to Daedalic's video-game nadir, The Lord of the Rings: Gollum, or to Amazon Prime's controversial show The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power in spite of possible cross-over in the crew. Philippa even admitted to avoiding the show as to not become influenced by it. If anything, news of The Hunt for Gollum, pre-empting the release of the teaser for the show's second season, seem to have dampered the hype for the show, especially given the show's move from New Zealand to the UK and New Line Cinema's forthright resolve to "stop Amazon from blurring the lines" between their show and the films. Jackson is contracted for a second film: although a recent Deadline piece makes it seem like The Hunt for Gollum will itself be two films, this is unlikely and is not the impression given in previous press releases and interview. If the second film is indeed unrelated to The Hunt for Gollum, its likely Jackson hadn't given it too much thought, but a likely candidate could be The War in the North: Like the Hunt for Gollum, it is a subject Jackson had given some thought to and spoke of his interest in dramatising. Other future films may earn a more peripheral involvement from Jackson or Boyens, but are almost certain to still shoot in their homeland of New Zealand and utilize their facilities and firms. Concept art for The War in the North, circa 2014. New Line had ambitiously announced the film for 2026, surely towards the end of the year in what's become a series tradition, although in the latest Variety piece its merely "being eyed for a 2026", and so a slight delay (like those of The Battle of the Five Armies and The War of the Rohirrim) may be in store. Still, if it is indeed a single-film production, a late 2026 release is perfectly concievable, especially as this story is of smaller cope than either The Lord of the Rings or The Hobbit. The Hunt for Gollum is returning not just to New Zealand but Jackson's and Boyens' hometown of Wellington, and will be produced using his companies and facilities: Stone Street Studios (filming studio), WingNut Films (production company), Six-Foot-Seven (art direction company), Weta Workshop (hand-props and creatures), WetaFX (special effects) and Park-Road Post (editing and sound). The Rings of Power,The War of the Rohirrim, the Darrylgorn spoof and the "Beyond the Door" project in the Hobbiton set had all provided more Tolkien-themed work for many of these firms in the interim. Otherwise, its unknown who the staff of the film might include. Jackson is almost sure to call upon the services of concept artist John Howe (currently engaged with The Rings of Power but almost sure to make time for Jackson) and Alan Lee, who had recently provided work for The War of the Rohirrim. He also has access to a large number of existing and unused pieces of art by Lee, Howe and Weta that can be of use here, a practice already utilized for The War of the Rohirrim. Jackson had maintained a partnership with the co-editor of The Two Towers, Jabez Olssen, who edited all of Jackson's subsequent films including his recent documentaries. Serkis has a relationship with director of photography Robert Richardson, suggesting a possible candidate for the lensing of the film. Although Howard Shore could concievably return to score the picture, which is set to feature characters he depicted in music previously like Gollum, Gandalf and probably Strider, the film could also be scored by one of the Kiwi composers who contributed to his scores: Stephen Gallagher (currently composing the score to The War of the Rohirrim) or the Plan 9 ensemble together with David Long. Even in such a case, Shore could concievably contribute themes, and his existing themes could be used at the discretion of the filmmakers. Thanks to Jackson's involvement, one can also hope for extensive behind-the-scenes, including pre-emptive video production diaries, as had been the custom on all his live-action productions.
I wanted to share a project for intermediate HTML designers. I'll include the code and steps for each part. Please let me know if you have any questions!
Step 1: Setting Up The Project
Start by preparing your environment to develop an interactive photo gallery with HTML. If you want to dive straight in, I'd recommend following along with me using our online coding environments. We’ll use some JavaScript for this project, so I’d recommend using an online JavaScript compiler to build with. I will also outline the steps for you to create the necessary files and organize your workspace on your own computer. Just follow these, and you'll have a solid foundation for your project. i. Choose an IDE or Editor Before you start, choose an IDE or editor tailored for web development. I favor Visual Studio Code (VSCode). It's for HTML and CSS and a solid choice if you’d prefer to build on your own machine. ii. Install Necessary Plugins If you choose VSCode, consider installing VSCode extensions like "Live Server" to preview your HTML pages in real time and "Prettier" for code formatting. These tools will make your development process smoother and more efficient. iii. Create a New HTML Project Once your editor is set up, it's time to create a new project:
Open your editor and select the option to create a new project or folder.
Name your project folder something descriptive, like "InteractivePhotoGallery."
Inside this folder, create three files: index.html for your HTML content, styles.css for your CSS styles, and script.js for your JavaScript logic.
iv. Set Up a Basic HTML Structure Open your index.html file and set up a basic HTML structure. Here’s a simple template to get you started:
Interactive Photo Gallery Header content like a title or a navigation bar Gallery content will go here
Here's the compiler where you can try it. This is the basic structure every HTML project that uses JavaScript starts with. We've got our DOCTYPE, HTML tag, head section (with meta tags, title, and links to our CSS and JavaScript files), and the body where our content will go. This basic structure also introduces the JavaScript file linked with the defer attribute, ensuring it loads after the HTML content. v. Prepare for CSS and JavaScript Development Make sure your styles.css is linked correctly, and your script.js is set to load at the right time in your HTML file to start adding styles and functionality in the next steps. vi. Verify Project Setup To ensure everything is set up correctly, try opening your index.html with the Live Server plugin or directly in your browser. You should see a blank page with the basic document structure ready to be filled with content. And there you have it! You’ve successfully set up your environment to create an interactive photo gallery with HTML. Next, you'll create the HTML structure for your interactive photo gallery.
Step 2: Creating the HTML Structure
With your development environment ready, it’s time to construct the HTML skeleton of your interactive photo gallery. i. Create the Header Section The header will introduce your gallery. You might want to include a catchy title or a brief description:
My Photo Gallery
Explore my collection of high-quality images ranging from landscapes to portraits.
Caption for image 1
Repeat for other images
This sets the tone and context for the visitors of your gallery. ii. Set Up the Gallery Section This main part will hold all your images in a grid or other layout:
Caption for image 1
Repeat for other images
Replace "path-to-image-1.jpg" with the actual path to each image. Ensure that each image has an appropriate alt text for accessibility. iii. Include a Filter Section (Optional) If your gallery is large, consider adding filters to help viewers sort images by categories:
These buttons are set up to trigger JavaScript functions that will filter the gallery based on the category. iv. Add a Modal for Image Viewing (Optional) To enhance the interactivity, include a modal that opens when an image is clicked, allowing for a closer view:
×
This section will be controlled via JavaScript to display images dynamically when clicked. Here’s a summary of what we've accomplished in this step:
Structured the Page Content: Created distinct sections like the header and gallery, employing semantic HTML for better accessibility and SEO.