Well, let's wrap up what I've found at the very least interesting in the last couple weeks for pirates and purists alike! This one is very small, not much happening lately!
Sony:
As maybe you've seen, there's no better indication that 'if they don't let you buy it, then pirate it' than Sony delists Ghost of Tsushima PC from various Steam regions, much like Helldivers 2 saw.
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Following Sony's decision last week to delist Helldivers 2 in 170 regions worldwide on Steam, it seems this will be the firm's PC stance moving forward, and it has since done the same for the imminent PC release of Ghost of Tsushima. More regions have been added to the list, taking the total number of territories affected to 180, which is now consistent across both titles.
Previously, Sony has said that Ghost of Tsushima's single player offering would be unaffected by this additional requirement. The game's Steam Page still states that a PSN account is required to play the Legends multiplayer mode, but it was delisted anyway. Due to the open nature of Valve's platform, these changes are pretty visible, and including Sucker Punch's primarily single player open world epic in this blanket ban comes as a legitimate surprise.

SteamDB's post here shows the refund.
This is bullshit. The good news? Sony do not use Denuvo for their PC games, so it will be available as soon as possible to be pirated.
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Rockstar:
By all accounts, it looks like Rockstar's Red Dead Redemption will be releasing on PC - in line with their usual tactics of releasing on a console platform and leaving PC for last, at least it will (probably) be coming to PC.
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Denuvo:
A Denuvo 'outage' made a completely single-player game Persona 5 unplayble - amusingly Denuvo claim that "there was no outage related to its servers at this time"

• The Denuvo server outage rendered the PC version of Persona 5 Royal unplayable on May 2nd
• A partial workaround allowed Steam users to access the game without online functionality, but most didn't use it, with the game's concurrent player count consequently plummeting from 16,600 to just over 600
• The outage lasted for hours, angering fans

The thing we can take away from this is Denuvo sucks, and it's just better to play the damn thing via Yuzu or Ryujinx.
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Related, we now see that it is confirmed that Homeworld 3 will release with Denuvo. The only good news is that Gearbox is one of the few publishers who remove Denuvo. So...just wait for this one.
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Just...interesting and useful:
This video guide via YouTuber 'MonroeWorld' shows you how to SSHFS - mount your Steam Deck as a Windows drive.

"Access your Deck's storage using whatever file manager or tools you want ON AND FROM Windows. In a few minutes, you can copy roms, access compatdata, backup/restore save files and more without ever leaving the comfort of Windows. In about ten minutes, you will have your common Steam Deck locations mounted as drive letters in Windows - accessing them just like any other Windows drive" 

Here is a github link for a GUI for the sshfs manager
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Hydra Launcher:
Hydra is an open-source launcher released in the last few weeks by the Brazilian community. Being able to download and launch games from fitgirl and dodi - it has/is a torrent client, automatically applies metadata for games, emulators and roms; seems to hope to be an all-in-one piracy portal. Personally, I prefer to manually add games from trusted links myself. But I'm paranoid. At least it is interesting.
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Hydra is a free open game launcher focused on being 100% safe, self-sufficient, ad-free, without registration, without subscription and without waiting times.
Hydra combines games from platforms like Steam and Epic Games with trackers from repackers/crackers known and trusted by the pirate gaming community (such as Fitgirl, Dodi and KaOsKrew.
The game downloads are done directly through the platform, as we have our own private torrent protocol.
Hydra currently has the capability to search among a list of more than 13,000 repacks posted in secure places on the internet, but not limited to that. being self-sufficient, Hydra can navigate the trackers not only looking for updates of games that are already registered but also for games that have just been released.

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Lastly the AMA with Dodi:
Well and truly locked in for the 16th. I have a post pinned at the top of PiratedGames, and have just reached out to the mods of Piracy about posting in their sub letting the users know what is happening. I also just posted in his discord server (at his behest). The only thing yet to be determined will be the exact time, for Americans it may be the 15th (your time), but...time-zones fry my brain so I don't know. Really excited about having him come by, the repacker scene is fascinating to me, so I can't wait to hear what he says.

• It will be the typical method: top level questions will be more likely to get an answer.
• Comment a question, he (may) comment a reply.
• The usual sub-reddit rules I have apply more than ever, but the most important is to be kind.
• I have set a custom flair for his user-name on Reddit, but it should be rather obvious who is who.
• I have nothing for this final dot-point.

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Guides?
I'm working on one lil guide since its been awhile since my last. Most probably will post after the aforementioned AMA.
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Lastly?
Thanks to all of you, we're nearing 17k members here and you're all super lovely. This is such a strange sub-reddit because everyone is so damned nice. I just wanted to thank you all for being here, it makes it so nice.
If you wanted to show off your Deck's home screen - then this post a couple days ago is where you can do it!
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^{Thanks, all <3}
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I have not played any Souls or Soulslike games prior to Elden Ring. But I enjoyed doing hard things in games (e.g. playing at a higher difficulty level, or handicapping myself in some ways to create a challenge) and thought I'd give Elden Ring a go. I ended up spending over 70 hours on it and I enjoyed it very much, but it's a game that has its own idiosyncrasies.
I'll start with two things that I think Elden Ring did very well. The first, its combat system and character building. Most games introduce complexity into the combat system by introducing a myriad of skills/spells, and players are encouraged to explore synergy between them to create powerful builds. At the fundamental level, Elden Ring isn't any different here, but players will quickly notice there aren't that many skills/spells in the game, and you only can equip one skill (or a handful of spells) at one time. How Elden Ring rewards players is through mastery of their weapons, i.e. how much you understand about your weapon - its reach, its speed, its recovery (after a swing), how it combos, etc. And with over 30 different weapon types in the game (from swords to spears to fists to whips), there's much for a player to explore what weapon fits their style of play. Character building ultimately revolves around your weapon of choice, as it influences how you would distribute your attributes (strength vs. dexterity), what sorts of armours or accessories to wear, and what skills/spells to equip. It's intuitive but yet complex, producing a range of diverse builds, all with its own distinct flavours.
The second thing that Elden Ring did very well is the immersive atmosphere and visuals. The world of Elden Ring is introduced briefly in the beginning to set the stage, and what follows is an exploration of a mysterious realm shrouded in myth and legends. The developers have meticulously crafted a world that is as captivating as it is enigmatic, from the awe-inspiring landscapes that stretch out before you to the larger-than-life creatures that roam its vast expanses.
With that I want to now talk about the fundamental tenet that Elden Ring is built on: difficulty. Difficulty is something that permeates the game and is linked to how various aspects of the game are designed: general encounters, progression, storytelling, dungeon crawling and boss fights. I'll now explain each of these aspects in detail.
General encounters are hard in Elden Ring. This won't be any surprise to seasoned Souls players, but will likely catch new players by surprise how unforgiving it is. Non-boss enemies aren't really a threat in most games, but not in Elden Ring. Any enemy is a threat in this game (including rats), and if you're not careful, you will die. And probably a lot, particularly early on before you're familiar with the combat system. You can't change the difficulty in Elden Ring, and so you are expected to die to become better at the game. There are no ways out.
The game is very cryptic when it comes to providing guidance to help players progress. Unlike most games where there are map markers or some sort of hinting system to help players progress to the next event, all Elden Ring does is that it tells you an approximate direction (e.g. northwest) to move towards for the next objective. As such, you may often find yourself lost and don't know where to go or even what to do. This applies to both main story and side quests. On top of that, the conditions for completing a quest often involves doing a sequence of actions in a particular order without being given any hint. I find such a design mind boggling, and I simply don't see how you would be able to play the game blind without relying on online resources.
The world of Elden Ring is rich with lore and character narratives. But none of that is communicated to the players and as a consequence it is difficult to understand what the story of Elden Ring is about. That is, there is barely any storytelling, despite the world and its characters being embedded with stories (which you can read online). The first time I ran into a soldier encampment, I thought I could talk to them to learn a bit about the world, but all they want to do is to kill me. I quickly learn there's only one rule in the game: kill anything that moves. No one (aside from a handful of NPCs) has anything to tell me, and I am killing all manners of things simply because that is the only interaction I can have with them. When I killed the final bosses and completed the game, I don't even know who they were - I haven't heard of their names, nor do I know what roles they served in the game. I murdered them because they were simply there. Miyazaki, the creator of Elden Ring (and more generally the Soulsborne series), credited this style of storytelling to how he grew up reading English novels with limited understanding and he had to piece the story together with his imagination. While I think that's an interesting anecdote, I am not convinced that's a good justification for such style of storytelling.
Dungeon crawling is punishing in Elden Ring for a few reasons. For one, when you die, you have a chance to lose all the experience that you have not converted to levels. Healing at a save point also respawns all enemies, and that disincentivises exploration because you'll have to chop down all the enemies again to check for an earlier diverging path. Also, Elden Ring dungeons feature unintuitive design where the right path sometimes requires you to drop off a ledge or balcony; that caught me a few times and I had to rely on online resources for help. Over time, I find myself playing more conservatively in dungeons and trying to find the shortest path rather than checking every nook and corner to fully explore a dungeon. I did not enjoy dungeon crawling in Elden Ring, and I think the whole experience would have been much more positive with just one change: remove enemy respawn entirely.
Bosses take hours to beat. Players are expected to die repeatedly to learn how to fight a boss, and the learning curve involves: (1) understanding their moves and figuring out how to dodge them; and (2) finding the gaps between their attacks to land your offense. This is perhaps the one of the few difficult aspects in Elden Ring that I very much enjoyed. Bosses are well designed and come in all forms of creative maneuvers, and overcoming them ultimately prove to be a very satisfying experience. I spent 7 hours taking down Malenia, the undisputed hardest boss in Elden Ring (and arguably one of the hardest in the Souls universe), and I enjoyed every bit of it.
Hopefully it's clear now in what ways difficulty manifests in Elden Ring. But are they enjoyable? That is a very subjective question, as it depends on many factors - your personality, temperament, state of life, gaming experience, etc. Personally, I found most of them frustrating, at least initially, but later on a good part of this frustration is mitigated because I started using online resources such as wikis and guides. But should a game be designed in such a way where players have to use online guides to play it? Prior to Elden Ring I would say no, but here's another thought: maybe Elden Ring is designed to be played by a community (as opposed to one player) and that knowledge sharing among players is what the developer intended to overcome these challenges.
If someone were to ask me, should they play Elden Ring? I'd give this answer: (1) if you like Souls games, it's a no brainer; (2) if you haven't played any Souls games before but you enjoy a bit of challenge in games, maybe give it a go with an open mind; and (3) if you are casual player that mostly play standard difficulty in games, I'd say avoid it - you're likely to find just pure frustration.

In an OP today titled, "Would Amazon exist in a purely socialist country?" socialist after socialist claimed quickly and with little to no qualifiers resounding "yes".
These "Yes" really told us nonsocialists a lot about you socialists. This was mind boggling. Mind boggling because the majority socialists on here reject Marxist-Leninist history (e.g., not socialism), but here many of you claim that Amazonon existing in a socialist country would be so obviously, "Yes". We are talking about an innovation company that is probably the most significant market global impact in the world since Ford's assembly line.

Ranking fifth in the world in terms of market cap with a staggering $1.045 trillion (CompaniesMarketCap, 2023), Amazon has been able to cement itself as a global giant that has altered how we shop and live. Expanding beyond just delivering goods, it is also a media streaming service and manufactures other technologies such as “Alexa”. Amazon has quickly become one of the most recognizable company names throughout the world. It has achieved such success that it has become commonly used as a verb in everyday language, much like “Google.” However, like many other large corporations today such as Google and Facebook, Amazon started out as a small business building its way up to being a large corporation. The History of Amazon and its Rise to Success – Michigan Journal of Economics (umich.edu)

This leads me to conclude a few things about socialists on here:

• The most obvious is most on that thread are delusional
• Some on that thread are closeted about your true ideals with your public ideals of anarchist and libertarian ideals and do want a centralized authoritarian system of socialism like the USSR.
• Some want Dengist Chinese flavor socialism%2C) that overseas capitalism where a person did cite BABA - Chinese Amazon.

The reason most of you are in denial is how much leadership and venture capital businesses like Amazon take. These concepts are the antithesis of what most of you hold dear to "socialism". These are disruptors to the economy.
I cannot understate the following enough and why socialists are particularly bad at the following. If you seek benefits then what are the costs???
In this case, Amazon is going to change jobs for millions of workers and even workers are going to lose jobs. Right now, Amazon has a pharmacy. It is going to put a strain on local pharmacies and some will go under. How is that pro workers?
Pro consumers? YES
Then, mostly Amazon is not a producer but a third party. So they are almost no matter what you do a capitalist model. As they are going in order to function have to profit off of other industries - profit off of workers. Thus this means for most of you socialists you have to enact forms of laws, edicts, or some form of constitutional framework to protect "the workers" from being exploited by Amazon.

• How are you going to do that?
• How are you going to do that and yet have all the wonderful benefits of "Amazon"?

The simplest answer is to nationalize Amazon. Hence my last two bullet points of either being a full-blown Soviet Union centrally planned economy (or similar form) or going the Dengist route and overseeing the company by the socialist worker's party. These simple answers leaves out most if not all libertarian and anarchist socialists on this sub. So the answer is most all socialists should be "NO!" to that op. But where are they?
Lastly, that's me working through the problem. Those reading this may have other ideas. I'm not saying I have all the answers. I'm saying it is really sad I have more ideas than the socialists on that thread. The socialists on the thread just seem to go, "Yes" like it will be no problem - smh. And that is really telling how in the clouds most socialists are and don't take the economic realities of their ideology.
tl;dr Something stinks and isn't on the so-called capitalism side.

GrapheneOS and stock Android are both OS options for phones. GrapheneOS focuses on keeping your info safe. Stock Android, on the other hand, offers many handy features. Let's dive into how these two differ in privacy, security, and what you can do. This way, you can pick the one that suits your needs best.

Key Takeaways:

• GrapheneOS places a strong emphasis on privacy and security, while stock Android focuses on providing convenience features.
• GrapheneOS stays close to upstream and delivers regular updates before stock OS.
• Google apps work on GrapheneOS, but some apps need special permission to install.
• Some banking apps might not work on GrapheneOS. This is because they lack a certification from Google. You might be able to make some of them work by using special settings in the apps.
• Unfortunately, GrapheneOS misses on Android Auto and easy backup solutions.

GrapheneOS Features

GrapheneOS is known for its strong focus on privacy and security. This makes it perfect for those who want to keep their data safe. Now, let's look at what makes GrapheneOS stand out from the rest.

Sandboxed Google Play Services

One of GrapheneOS's key features is sandboxed Google Play services. This means apps can't freely access your private data. They're limited to a safe area. This helps prevent data leaks and stops apps from seeing more than they should.

Regular Updates for Security Maintenance

GrapheneOS keeps devices safe by offering frequent security updates. These updates fix any new vulnerabilities that might arise. This way, the system is always up-to-date, keeping your device secure.

Attack Surface Reduction Measures

GrapheneOS uses techniques to reduce the chances of different types of attacks. It limits how much apps can interact with the system, blocking some attacks right at the start. It also includes special features that make it harder for attackers to exploit the system.

Enhanced Heap Memory Corruption Defense

Heaps are a common target for hackers, but GrapheneOS strengthens against this. It uses its own memory management system to protect against heap corruption. This includes special memory handling to make attacks harder.

Robust Memory Exploit Detection and Prevention

GrapheneOS is ahead of the game in detecting and stopping memory exploits. It has tools that spot and fix important memory bugs. This helps keep your device safe from complex attacks that target memory use.

Official Production Support for Pixel Devices

GrapheneOS supports many Pixel devices officially. This includes the Pixel 8 Pro and other new Pixel devices. Users of Pixel devices can get the added security and privacy GrapheneOS offers.
After learning about GrapheneOS, it's time to look at Stock Android's setup and features in the next section.

Stock Android Setup and Features

Setting up Stock Android on your device is simple. Its user-friendly interface makes it easy. When you turn on your device, you'll follow some steps to make it yours. This includes picking a language, connecting to Wi-Fi, and signing in to Google.
Stock Android works perfectly with Google's many services. Thanks to Google Play services, you get millions of apps and games from the Play Store. Just sign in with your Google account to start downloading your favorite apps, from work tools to social apps.
Stock Android also brings you Google Maps. It gives you precise directions and updates on traffic in real time. It's great for finding your way in a car or on foot, showing you the best routes and interesting places nearby.
With Google Keyboard, typing is easier and better. It guesses your next words, lets you swipe to type, and supports different languages. This means typing on your phone is faster and more accurate.

Key Features of Stock Android:

• Simple and user-friendly setup process
• Integration with Google services, including the Google Play Store
• Google Maps for navigation and exploring new places
• Google Keyboard for enhanced typing experience

Features	Stock Android
User-friendly setup	✓
Google Play Store access	✓
Google Maps integration	✓
Enhanced typing experience with Google Keyboard	✓

Functionality Comparison

GrapheneOS and stock Android are much alike in basic phone tasks. Yet, they have key differences.

GrapheneOS Functionality

GrapheneOS values substance over flashy marketing. It cares deeply about privacy and security. By not including Google services, it focuses more on protecting users.
Its main goal is making your device safe from attack. It does this by limiting what attackers can do and safeguarding the core part of the operation system.
It also stops attackers from taking full control even if they somehow get in. This is done through a feature called verified boot.
By removing unneeded code, GrapheneOS makes attacks from far away, close by, or online less likely. It adds layers of protection to apps and the system, making them much harder to exploit.

GrapheneOS Functionality Features	Description
Sandboxed Play Services	A sandboxed Play Services feature that provides better app compatibility, functionality, and security compared to MicroG.
Push Notifications without Play Services	GrapheneOS allows push notifications to work fine without Play Services for many apps.
Privacy-Focused Network Toggle	GrapheneOS offers a network toggle without leaks and prefers fine-grained VPNs for enhanced security.

GrapheneOS finds a sweet spot between being private, easy to use, and secure. It designs features to challenge any threats.

Stock Android Functionality

Stock Android, made by Google, aims for everyone. It has many features that cater to diverse needs.
One highlight is Android Auto, making your phone and car work together. This way, you keep your hands off the phone while driving yet enjoy many useful features.
Another cool feature is Now Playing. It shows what song is playing without you needing to open your phone. This is handy for finding new music.

Stock Android Functionality Features	Description
Android Auto	Android Auto provides seamless integration between Android devices and compatible vehicles for hands-free access to navigation, communication, and entertainment features.
Now Playing	Now Playing feature The identifies and displays the currently playing song on the lock screen.

Such features make stock Android attractive for those who want a versatile system. It's packed with tools and tricks to make your life easier.
Remember, GrapheneOS and stock Android are both good for getting things done. Yet, GrapheneOS shines in protecting your privacy. This might mean fewer but more secure features.

Privacy and Security

When you pick a system for your phone, think about privacy and safety. GrapheneOS and stock Android protect your data in unique ways.

GrapheneOS Privacy and Security Features

GrapheneOS focuses heavily on keeping your data safe. It offers many tools to boost your privacy and security. These include limiting data collection and secure updates.

• Limiting Data Collection: GrapheneOS cuts down on what data gets collected, lowering the chance of others getting it.
• Secure Updates: It ensures your system stays safe by giving you regular, secure updates.
• Restricted Google Services Access: GrapheneOS limits how much Google can see of your personal data.
• Permission Controls: You get to decide what info apps can use. GrapheneOS gives you strong controls over this.

Stock Android Privacy and Security Considerations

Stock Android, made by Google, has its security perks. But it's heavily tied to Google's services. This can lead to less privacy.

• Google Services Integration: It comes filled with Google tools. While convenient, it does raise privacy worries.
• Privacy Settings: It does have some privacy settings. You can adjust app permissions a bit and limit some data access.
• Regular Updates: Google works on updating stock Android often to fix security issues.

Both GrapheneOS and stock Android care about security. However, GrapheneOS's special focus on privacy sets it apart. It's great for anyone who really values their data privacy.

Comparison Table: GrapheneOS vs. Stock Android Privacy and Security

Privacy and Security Features	GrapheneOS	Stock Android
Data Collection	Minimizes data collection	May collect user data through Google services
Updates	Regular secure updates	Regular updates to address security vulnerabilities
Google Services Access	Restricted access to Google services	System-level integration with Google services
Permission Controls	Strict permission controls	Permission customization options

Table: A comparison of privacy and security features offered by GrapheneOS and stock Android
In summary, if you're big on privacy, you'll like what GrapheneOS offers. It's a top choice. But if Google's services matter a lot to you, stock Android might be the way to go. It's not as privacy-focused, but it's great for those that love Google's features.

App Compatibility

GrapheneOS and stock Android both excel in app compatibility, but GrapheneOS faces challenges with some banking apps. These apps need special access. Yet, GrapheneOS aims for the highest privacy and security, sometimes making these needs clash.
Many apps are compatible with GrapheneOS, and the project actively works with developers. It encourages them to make their apps work with GrapheneOS. This allows users to enjoy the operating system's enhanced privacy and security safely.
Stock Android, on the other hand, has superior compatibility with all apps, including those from banks. It works across many devices and is chosen by developers. Its wide use makes it easier for developers to ensure app compatibility.
To make the app experience smoother on GrapheneOS, users can choose alternative apps that work well with the system. Also, the project is always updating to boost app compatibility through community efforts.

Recommended Banking Apps for GrapheneOS

Many banking apps face issues on GrapheneOS. Still, several banking apps perform well on this system:

• Banking App 1: This is a secure and reliable app made for GrapheneOS.
• Banking App 2: It provides an easy and smooth banking experience on GrapheneOS.
• Banking App 3: This app focuses on keeping your financial info secure and private.

Remember, although these apps are compatible with GrapheneOS, it's wise to confirm with your bank or financial institute for the latest compatibility updates.
As GrapheneOS grows, its app compatibility, including banking apps, is expected to get better. The project is dedicated to offering an experience that values security and privacy while ensuring apps work well.

User Feedback and Experience

GrapheneOS is great for privacy and security, which users love. They feel their data is safer and that Google tracks them less. Plus, it works well with most Android apps. This means users can still do what they want while keeping their privacy a top priority.
Some say that stock Android is smoother and has more useful features than GrapheneOS. They think that GrapheneOS focuses too much on privacy and misses out on some key features. For example, it doesn't work as closely with Google services and apps.
GrapheneOS users share their thoughts in forums, social media, and by talking to the team. They give detailed advice, like how to make permission prompts even safer. They also want the Auditor feature to be better explained, especially to journalists.
Users often request a better way to know when there are system updates. They want to be able to choose when to update, so it doesn't disrupt their day. They also ask about how to use the app pinning and auto-reboot timer, looking for more info.
Users also need more info about the Android Recovery system in GrapheneOS. They want to know more about its role in updating the system. And they worry about any issues the updates might bring.
Some users find features in GrapheneOS that remind them of Google. They want clearer information about these features. This way, they can understand them better.
App compatibility is an issue for some. A few apps won’t work on GrapheneOS because they fear security risks. Some just crash. This is why some users carry a second phone for specific apps, like banking or gaming.

User Profile Usage on GrapheneOS

GrapheneOS encourages the use of separate profiles for different apps. This keeps your privacy and security levels high. Users should have profiles for general use, social media, work, and private matters.

GrapheneOS Installation Ease

Installing GrapheneOS is known for being easy among custom OSes. The web interface makes the process straightforward. However, installing it on various computers might need extra steps sometimes.

GrapheneOS Benefits and Drawbacks

Why do people like GrapheneOS? It's great with most apps, makes you more secure, and doesn't let Google track you much. Plus, it backs up your apps very safely.
But it's not perfect. Some apps, like Facebook Messenger, have issues. The fingerprint sensor on the Google Pixel 6 isn’t the best. And sometimes you might face problems with internet when using a VPN.

Google Pixel 6 User Experience

The Google Pixel 6 is seen as a good buy by users. It offers good features and performance for its cost. However, the fingerprint sensor and the size of the phone get mixed reviews. The camera's quality also varies among users.

Overall Recommendation

Despite some issues, GrapheneOS is recommended by many for its strong privacy and security. It's a good choice for those who worry about Google spying on them.

User Feedback Overview

Feedback	Request/Suggestion
Implementation of safeguards in on-demand permission prompts	Enhancing permission controls for improved security
Better explanation and marketing of the Auditor feature	Targeting investigative journalists as potential users
Proposal for a notification system for system updates	Allowing manual installation of updates
Inquiry about the functionality of app pinning with auto-reboot timer	Clarification on how the feature works
Request for clarification on Android Recovery system	Understanding its role and potential issues with OTA updates
Identification of features resembling "Googlisms"	Clear explanations and disclosures for informed usage
Challenges with app compatibility on de-googled version	Issues with banking apps, food delivery apps, Uber, and mobile gaming

Future Development and Updates

GrapheneOS gets better thanks to the hard work of gifted developers. They're always updating it to make it safer and easier to use.
Updates bring new security patches, app changes, and more. For instance, new kernel updates might change to versions like 5.15.151 or 6.1.80. Apps like Vanadium might jump to new versions like 124.0.6367.159.0.
They use tags to give updates for certain devices. For example, a tag like 2024040100 might mean a special update for certain phones. These updates are meant to make your experience even better.
Recently, they made sure that VPN apps can't accidentally leak your web requests. They also update apps like PDF Viewer to make sure they run smoother. These updates are all about making your phone more enjoyable to use.
GrapheneOS also pays special attention to certain phones. For example, the Pixel Fold might receive updates specific to its design. This keeps your device running well and safe.
They change settings to make your phone safer and easier to use. For security, a new memory tag setting is available. You might see different settings based on what phone you have, making everything more user-friendly.
Improving apps is just as important to GrapheneOS. Apps like TalkBack, which helps by reading the screen, might get better with version 14.1. These changes aim to make using your favorite apps a smoother experience.
They also make technical updates to stay cutting-edge. A recent kernel update, like 5.15.149, makes your device more secure and faster.
Even the Camera app and GmsCompatConfig (used for Google services) get updated. This ensures your phone is more dependable and full of new features.

Official Device Support

GrapheneOS officially supports many Pixel models including the Pixel 8 Pro and Pixel 5a. These devices let you make the most of GrapheneOS's features.
Some Pixel phones, like the Pixel 5, won't get any more updates. Yet, the Pixel 4a and 4 XL keep getting support, like better security. This means you can still use these devices safely.
The 8th generation Pixel devices offer top security levels. They're supported for 7 years from their launch with features custom-tailored to protect your device.
Pixel devices get different levels of support based on their generation. The 8th generation has a longer 7-year support compared to 6th and 7th generation models, which gets 5 years. This shows GrapheneOS's focus on lasting security and usability.

Future Focus and Community Support

The team behind GrapheneOS aims to make major improvements in device, system, and software security. Their focus isn't on supporting every device but on ensuring profound security.
GrapheneOS has a strong community that loves its security. This community's dedication to privacy drives the project's advancement and success.

Related Alternatives

CalyxOS, RattlesnakeOS, DivestOS, and Ubuntu Touch offer different privacy and security features. Exploring these options can help you find the right system for your needs.

Benefits and Drawbacks of GrapheneOS

GrapheneOS offers big benefits for privacy and security. It keeps your data safe and lets you control your online world better. But, there are drawback to consider too.

Benefits of GrapheneOS

• Enhanced Privacy: It reduces the chance of your data being stolen. You get to control what apps can and can't do on your phone.
• Innovative Security Features: It's really good at stopping new security threats. This makes it hard for bad guys to find ways to harm your phone.
• Enhanced Security and Privacy Settings: You can do cool stuff like turn off Wi-Fi automatically or only use the internet through certain apps, making your phone safer.
• Dedicated Effort to Prevent Memory Corruption Bugs: It works really hard to keep its system safe from bugs. This means fewer chances of someone breaking into your phone.
• Secure Apps: It comes with special apps that keep your phone safe. This includes a secure web browser and camera app that protect your data.

Drawbacks of GrapheneOS

• Limited Google Integration: It doesn't come with Google's usual apps. You can add them but this might mean giving up a bit of privacy for certain features.
• App Compatibility: You might struggle to use some apps, like banking apps, because GrapheneOS isn't the regular Android. But, more and more apps are being made to work with it.
• Lack of "Smart" Features: You won't find fancy features, like Google's smart phone answering feature or advanced keyboard tools. You might need to choose between these extras and your privacy.
• Troubleshooting Required: Sometimes things might not work perfectly. You might find some emojis missing or have to fix some app issues yourself. So, some tech skills could come in handy.

Deciding on GrapheneOS means balancing privacy with how easy your phone is to use. It's great for keeping your data safe. But, you might not find all the apps and features you're used to.

Conclusion

After using GrapheneOS for a year on a Google Pixel 6A, its focus on privacy and security shines. It updates quickly, in about 5 minutes, keeping your phone safe. Occasionally, small graphical glitches happen but are easy to fix.
Most day-to-day apps work well from the Google Play Store and Neo Store. The battery life is outstanding, lasting days even with lots of use.
It integrates well with Google's main products like the Play Store and Calendar. Yet, using these services means thinking about your privacy trade-offs.
When making privacy choices, think about how you use technology and what you're comfortable with. The author has used Apple phones for privacy extensively, which informs this perspective.
GrapheneOS makes Android more secure by adding extra permission controls, reminiscent of iOS. It lets users manage apps' accesses like location and storage.
A Google Pixel phone is a good choice for GrapheneOS because it supports other operating systems. Though some users find the user interface a bit challenging, they like its simple design.
To get push notifications working, the author installed Sandboxed Play Services. Going without Google Play Services can be hard due to its deep ties to Google.
With Android 12, apps start to adapt to your phone’s colors, which looks great, especially on the Pixel 7 Pro. This new look makes the home screen feel personalized and clean.
GrapheneOS takes security and privacy seriously, stepping beyond regular Android. Its multiple profiles help keep your data isolated, enhancing privacy.
Setting up GrapheneOS is easy, thanks to a user-friendly web interface. Most apps work well, giving users a satisfying experience, even with compatibility.
Battery life and performance are as good as regular Android systems, showing it can be just as efficient, with better privacy controls.
With GrapheneOS, users have less tracking and more privacy, surpassing typical Android’s privacy. Yet, there are issues with some specific apps and services.
GrapheneOS with a VPN sometimes has connectivity problems, possibly due to app compatibility. Generally, using it on a Google Pixel 6 is a good experience, despite minor issues.

GrapheneOS	Stock Android
+ Strong focus on privacy and security	+ Wide range of features and convenience
+ Streamlined updates with quick completion time	+ Regular updates and feature additions
+ Smooth app compatibility for day-to-day apps	+ Better compatibility with all apps
+ Impressive battery life	+ Similar battery life and performance
+ Seamless integration with Google products	- System-level integration with Google services
+ Additional privacy controls and permissions toggles	- Limited privacy control over Google services
+ Multiple user profiles for enhanced privacy	+ Standard user profile and features

Considerations for Choosing an Operating System

When you compare GrapheneOS and stock Android, think about what matters most. If you are very concerned about privacy and security, GrapheneOS is great. It keeps your data safe and your device secure. However, if you like having many features, stock Android might suit you better.
GrapheneOS is especially good for Pixel devices. It promises many years of support. For example, 8th generation Pixels get 7 years, while older models get 5 years. GrapheneOS might not work with Android Auto or some banking apps. But it's very secure and focuses on keeping your privacy safe.
Stock Android works well with Google apps and has lots of features. You can use Google Maps and Google Keyboard easily. But, if you switch to GrapheneOS, you lose things like Google Pay and some unique Google features.
Choosing between GrapheneOS and stock Android is all about what you need and like. Think about your privacy wishes and how much you value convenience. Then, you can make a smart choice that meets your needs.

FAQ

What are the key distinctions between GrapheneOS and Stock Android?

GrapheneOS focuses on keeping your data safe and private. Stock Android, on the other hand, comes with many useful features.

What are some of the features provided by GrapheneOS?

GrapheneOS gives you a more private and secure playground. It does this by keeping Google Play services separate. It also keeps your phone updated regularly.

How is the setup process and what features does Stock Android provide?

Stock Android is easy to get started with. It includes popular Google services like the Play Store, Maps, and Keyboard.

What are some of the functionalities offered by GrapheneOS and Stock Android?

Both operating systems let you do the basic stuff. But GrapheneOS skips Android Auto and Stock Android has a cool Now Playing feature.

What distinguishes GrapheneOS and Stock Android in terms of privacy and security?

GrapheneOS works hard to make sure your information stays private. It does this by not sharing much with Google. Stock Android, however, is closely tied with Google services, which might affect your privacy.

How is the app compatibility for GrapheneOS and Stock Android?

GrapheneOS might not work with every app. Some banking apps might not fully function on it. Stock Android usually works well with all apps.

What is the user feedback and experience for GrapheneOS and Stock Android?

Users really like GrapheneOS for its commitment to privacy and security. Stock Android is preferred by those who want a smooth experience with lots of features.

How are the future development and updates for GrapheneOS and Stock Android?

GrapheneOS depends on donations to improve with new features. Both systems get updated regularly. Stock Android gets these updates from a bigger team.

What are the benefits and drawbacks of using GrapheneOS?

Using GrapheneOS means your data is more protected. But you might miss out on using some popular apps and features.

What should I consider when choosing between GrapheneOS and Stock Android?

Think about what matters most to you. If privacy and security are top concerns, GrapheneOS is a great choice. Stock Android is better if you want a smoother experience with many features.

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You guys that study SVA do you think you have learn a lot? I really need to rant about school.
I study SVA1 50% on distance so it’s 10 weeks. No lectures, no extra study materials from the teacher. Only study from a textbook, one chapter. That’s it. The rest I have to google or ask someone. I asked the teacher one time because I didn’t understand some stuff, and she said I should google it. So I’m not even sure why I study.
I feel like I’ve wasted almost 10 weeks because I haven’t learnt anything. All my knowledge is from grundläggande level. I did all the homework, never turn in assignments late, went through all the chapter, did all online exercises at least 4 times. When I studied grund level, I got G in everything, and nailed all the tests. Even kapiteltest I would get really high scores.
Today I had a reading exam (NP). After first 15 minutes I knew that I would fail. There were 25 pages. I think there were 7-8 articles or more. Some are very long, and wow…they were on another level. All articles I’ve read in the textbook were easy compare to them.
And during the exam, the teacher didn’t explain anything. The exam had two parts, B and C. I checked all the pages, and was shocked because it was too much and too little time. We got only 3 hours. I tried to calm down, and stay positive. I thought to myself that I could do it. Just relax and read all of the articles carefully.
I looked at the clock, and I had one and a half hour left. I was at page 8. Then the teacher said “Sorry to interrupt you guys but you don’t need to do part C”. Part C started at page 20 or so. I almost said wtf out loud. So I stressed myself out for nothing. I lost all the concentration because this wasn’t the first time the teacher did something like this. She was really bad at communication throughout the whole course. She never explained things. I asked her something, and it took days for her to answer. I asked her last Tuesday about which dictionary we could use in the exam and she replied yesterday. A day before the exam. Like wtf. What was I supposed to do if no library were open?
I have two exams left, and to be honest I don’t care if I pass or not. I chose a distance class because I got really stressed from studying Swedish a year straight. I thought I could study on my own pace, but I didn’t even get study materials that would help me improve my skills to pass the NP. I’m really disappointed. ☹️
I checked that it takes only 5 weeks For each SVA course. 4 days a week at school. Can people really learn a lot in a short period of time? I know that someone can, but why is it only 5 weeks? I have heard a teacher said that 5 weeks is nothing because studying language takes time. Grund level takes 30 weeks full time. 5 days a week at school, but SVA takes only 15 weeks, and it’s much more difficult. I don’t understand a logic of this at all.

So this is what i think of master modes, i posted it as comment on another post and wanted to make it a post rq. And keep in my mind master modes as a concept is okay, however im am totally against limiting ship mobility in any mode, at least a mandatory mobility limit.

1. Master modes locks combat into a tiny speed envelope, forcing face hug fights and reducing the skill ceiling by an insane margin. It is now a DPS race. "Its to fix jousting!!!!" no sweet child, good pilots dont joust, they glue themselves to their enemies blind spots, or try to. Watch avenger ones videos, hes rarely jousting. Jousting is a mid tier tactic. High level pilots wont joust unless they want to force one to recharge shields or get missiles off. So no, if you were jousting pre 3.23 thats a skill issue. Now there are no skill issues. Its who has better DPS. noice. guess thats good for low skill pilots. Huh guess that explains the vote a bit?

for example pre 3.22 i would always watch my closure speed on the bandit, if its more than 300 m/s ive fucked up. Now thats not an issue because you cant even go fast enough to get closures of 400+ m/s. No need to manage speed when there is no speed. sigh. On top of the speed nerf, all maneuvering thrusters have been nerfed, so actually flying evasive and weaving shots is impossible. That was 3.22s actual high skill meta. Literally dodging laser bolts in my flipping space ship. SO COOL :))) now what is it. BRRRRR my guns bigger my ships hull is heavier...
I was nearly unkillable in my old m50, as long as i didnt make a mistake -talkin PvP here-. Its not like i could kill much but they couldnt kill me, unless with a lucky missile hit. Now nope. M50 is just as weak as a noob would expect :(( sad day man.

1. Master modes makes ganking far easier. QT jamming is insane right now and the fact that higher speed is locked to a spooled drive, (which makes ZERO sense, but well get to that) means that you cant even move and youll have no shields cuz you spammed into Nav mode. Get wrekt literally ANYONE who isnt the very best pilot, and even then you stand little chance as the ganker is likely in a squad. For those that play{ed} Elite dangerous, think FDL gank squads chain interdicting you. That is now in Star Citizen. Thank you master modes.

Why this sub supports this i have NO idea as you folks seem to hate gankers and "griefing" yet this is OBVIOUSLY going to make that problem SO much worse. Everyones talking about "youre not supposed to play solo" disregarding how much of a time sink this game is... and how getting people together consistently is not easy. And beyond that, thats also encouraging gankers to group up as well, how do you not realize that? And AND ontop of that they say work together, for what? the pultry rewards you get, and then have to split?? at least give us mission stacking amongst party, like Elite dangerous has, if youre gonna mutter about wing men and the like...

1. MM makes flying less realistic than it was in 3.22. And dont go on about how 3.22 was realistic either. That's not relevant. What is relevant is that 3.23 is LESS realistic than 3.22. For one the shift to nav mode to combat can force a mach 5 to mach .08 deceleration in 1.5 seconds... guess what buddy, youre dead, your neck snapped... this game has g forces and g out modeled soooo why tf am i still awake after that? less immersive right there. and yes i know the elevators have insane acceleration as well and im willing to suspend my disbelief for that as it would be sucky to have long ass elevator rides where youre getting thrown around. IM not willing to suspend my disbelief for some asinine feature that violates the laws of physics on several points. or at the very least the laws of this game. Like how the hell am i even slowing down. Considering they nerfed retro thrusters and even before they couldnt get close to that kind of deceleration. Its literally the GAME just saying "OPE YOURE IN COMBAT MODE YOU GOTTA GO SLOW NOWWWWWW" that legitimately makes me angry. its an insult. And then it forces you to stay at that speed. hey, buddy? im slamming thrust, im in space, that means im accelerating. thats how physics works. It doesnt matter what freaking mode my ship is in. If im hitting thrust im going faster and faster. If im hitting no thrust then i continue at current speed. meaning the game is LITERALLY FIRING YOUR RETRO THRUSTERS TO PREVENT YOU FROM MOVING. guys this makes me unresoanbly angry. theyre using my ships thrusters to prevent me from going to the speed I fucking want. GET YOUR GRUBBY FUCKIN PAWS OFF MY FUCKIN CONTROLS. I DECIDE WHEN MY THRUSTERS FIRE. ITS MY FUCKING SPACE SHIP DAMMIT.

okay im sorry turned into a rant there. it just makes me super angry, and they do shit like this IRL too, they being car companies. Forcing my damn car to break and shit, with no way to disable it. Treating us like children, really irks me. This is a god damn game man, let me move freely.

1. Where in sci fi does a ship need to disable its sub light maneuverability for any mode. Ill wait. Not Star trek ships. Not star wars ships. Not any popular sci fi i can think of that has a dumb ass mobility limiter. Why is that? cuz it literally makes no sense. You always need energy to slow down in space always. the only way i could think of them justifying the slow down is if they said something like the quantum drive distorts space around the ship and you cant go faster safely, or something. which is to say that in QT mode youd be slow Not in combat mode. lol.

All in all this update took alot away from combat to add a cheap Arcady gimmick. Combat pilots arent satisfied and arent having fun. Folks talking about relearn combat. Why would i relearn something thats less fun? answer, i shouldnt and i wont. This ggs for me and Star Citizen until this is cleaned up. It doesnt need to go back to 3.22, but it does need to change drastically, and in the direction of 3.22. Many combat pilots feel the same as me.

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MY EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE OF EXPERTISE:

• Acellus ALEKS Aplia APEX Learning Badgr Blackboard Blink Learning Brightspace / D2L Canvas Cengage CengageNow Childsmath Cisco ConnectMath Connexus CPM Crowdmark EViews Edmentum Examity Excel Garch Google Classroom Google Education Gradescope Hawkes Learning Honorlock iClicker InQuizitive (Norton) Java Kaltura Khan Academy Knewton Kryterion LaunchPad MATLAB Maple MasteringChemistry MasteringPhysics MathXL Mathematica McGraw-Hill Connect MegaStat Microsoft Teams Microsoft Access, Word, Excel, PowerPoint Mindtap Minitab MonitorEDU Moodle MyAccountingLab MyEconLab MyFinanceLab MyITLab MyMathLab MyOpenMath MyPsychLab MySocLab MyStatLab NCSS Outlier Pearson MyLab and Mastering Piazza PlatoWeb Prezi Proctor360 Proctorio Proctortrack Python R Respondus Lockdown Browser with Webcam SAM Sapling SAS SPSS Socrative Stata StraighterLine Turnitin VoiceThread WebAssign WebEx WebWork Wiley WileyPlus Zoom

MY REBUTTAL TO THE OBLIGATORY “IS THIS A SCAM?” QUESTION:
At the risk of sounding arrogant, I consider myself to be at least marginally more intelligent (both academically & socially) than the average person. Therefore, if I ever decided to suddenly risk prison time, risk my reputation, and risk enduring the wrath of modern-day “cancel culture” by scamming people out of their money:

• I certainly wouldn’t do it for such paltry amounts of money. (i.e., anything less than $1,000 per victim.)
• I certainly wouldn’t choose high school & college students as my “target audience” to scam, considering that most people without college degrees have abysmally low annual incomes. Why choose low-income victims when it would be much more profitable to target high-income, high-net-worth individuals earning at least six figures a year? I have knowledge in business consulting, and I promise you that a business owner would be a MUCH more lucrative mark than a low-income college student.
• I wouldn’t choose such a time & energy-draining method of scamming people. Also, communicating back and forth with potential clients is an absurdly long time sink since only less than 10% of all potential clients who reach out to me actually become paying clients of mine. This means that 90% of my time communicating with potential clients ultimately proves to be a colossal waste of my irretrievable time & energy.
• If you pay me to provide academic services and I don’t deliver, you can always dispute the payment with the payment app and easily get your money refunded. If I were in the habit of swindling money from people, then all of my payment accounts would have been investigated and be completely shut down by now. And I would have been permanently banned from opening new accounts. Therefore, the fact that all my payment apps have been fully active for years should be sufficient proof that I haven’t had people consistently disputing payments sent to me.

HOW TO CONTACT ME:

• If you are interested in my services and would like to learn more info, please feel free to reach out to me.
• Text messages and email are the fastest and easiest ways to get in touch with me. However, I gladly accept phone calls.
• If I don't respond right away, I am most likely helping a student at the time and not currently available to speak on the phone. But I always make a solid effort to reply to texts, emails, and phone calls within an hour.

Contact Details for Hiraedu Helper:
WhatsApp: +1 (213) 594-5657
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Email: info@hiraedu. com
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Hello, politics is easy. Politics level 10!
Today, the opposition Democratic Party revealed a shocking fact that the prosecutor office manipulated the evidence and led to perjury by prosecutors through the so-called document cover change in the last presidential election fraud trial.
At a press conference of the Democratic Party of Korea's Special Task Force on the Manipulation of Political Prosecution Cases, headed by Representative Min Young-bae said as follows.
In March, it was confirmed that the prosecutors changed the cover of Seongnam City's official public trip to Australia and New Zealand during the trial of mayor, Lee Jae-myung's "I Don't Know him." First of all, please like this, and if it was helpful, please click on the subscription button.
Now, since this was the document that Mayor Lee Jae-myung approved for at the time, the business trip schedule has changed, and the participant will be changed internally from Team leader Lee to Kim Moon-ki. However, the changed document will just exist without going through the internal approval line.
Therefore, it is true that then-Mayor Lee Jae-myung has never seen or approved for documents which had a participant changed to Kim Moon-ki. however, the prosecutor office argues that it is false to say that then Seongnam Mayor Lee Jae-myung did not know Kim Moon-ki because he approved for the official trip document with has Kim Moon-ki as one of participants.
However, when we checked informant's prosecutor office's internal reports, they created a new document that was manipulated the cover of the approved document and the inner paper of the non-approved document. With this, the prosecutor presented it in court during Choi's interrogation process, which was in the approval line at the time.
Here, Sector head, Choi sees the document and testifies that Seongnam Mayor Lee Jae-myung aproved the document which has Kim Moon-ki as a trip participant. So, the prosecutors made Lee Jae-myung look to have a lie that he did not know Kim Moon-ki even though he had approved Kim Moon-ki's official trip during court session. During the back briefing at the press conference today, about this shocking prosecutor's evidence manipulation and perjury, there are questions arising among news reporters . They also said, "Oh," and lamented that they had been deceived by prosecutors during the all these period.
Even with the fact that Lee Jae-myoung said he didn't know this section chief, Kim Moon-ki but that he couldn't help but know him during their official trip together, is the falsified evidence and was fabricated by prosecutors. In fact, the mayor of that time, Lee Jae-myung, had no choice but to know if the evidence is true, but the prosecutors manipulated the circumstances and manipulated it. By manipulating the official document, a new document was created with cover of document A and with attachment of the inner contents of document B, of which Lee Jae-myung approved. Then the new document presented as a completely new proof, not document A nor document B. When the prosecutor presents the document and asks the witness, the witness thinks that the document is objective and correct because of the public confidence in the prosecutor, and he just answered positively, saying that the prosecutor's evidence would fit the question, but his positive answer eventually became very unfavorable to defendant, Lee Jae-myung
The prosecution mixes the official document that Mayor Lee approved with the official document that did not get any approval. It was created by forging a new document by weaving the inner papers of the document dated December 24, 2014 on the document cover dated December 2, 2014.
The prosecutor presented this document during Choi's interrogation. Moreover, he does not show the official document directly, but only presents the blurry TV screen capture of the documents. Choi was deceived by the prosecutor's evil intention, and he made statements as the prosecutor wanted. Thus, the prosecutor secures a perjured statement that the mayor of Seongnam at the time approved the trip document in which Kim was included as an attendee. No other regime, including military dictatorship, has fallen evil like this before.
In this way, the prosecutor office demonized Lee Jae-myung by making him a liar in court room and all through News media by the perjury of changing the cover of document document presented at the court room. If the prosecutor office is this evil , how about the rest of the Lee Jae-myung cases investigation? The Democratic Party has so many such cases of which they have sorted them to be organized by the type of the perjury method.
First, the prosecution falsified statements in the investigation. A case in that perspective, was the illegal intimidation of then deputy governor, Lee Hwa-young.
In this regard, important facts have recently been revealed. A week ago, the Democratic Party of Korea asked for an interview with jailed Lee Hwa-young but was rejected. The prosecutor office gave the reason that he could not be interviewed because there was a separate investigation on him, but the separate investigation was never done. It's been a week, but I can't tell you what it is. I have been blocked my mouth by the prosecutor office.
And the detention center, where Lee Hwa-young is jailed at the time, announced that they had lost the record of Lee Hwa-young's prosecutor office appearance, but reversed the previous announcement today, saying that it had never been lost. After this process, the record of Lee Hwa-young's prosecutor office appearance was released today.
During the time of prosecutor perjury processes, as we suspected, the attendance records were concentrated, and the duration time was also significantly longer, ranging from 8 to 10 hours. In addition, the number of appearances and records prepared markedly, there was a discrepancy. So, it is common for an inmate's appearance to be written in a record whenever he goes to the prosecutor office, but he went to the prosecutor office a lot, but his appearances do not have any record.
Then what did they do instead of writing a record? Did they drink together at their office? Did they appease him? Also, the prosecutor office is suspected of coaxing Lee Hwa-young through a prosecutor-turned-lawyer, but there was no record of Lee Hwa-young appearing at the prosecutor office whenever those lawyers met him. In other words, the prosecutor office coordinated the lawyer to coax him. These circumstances support the prosecution's perjuring of statements related to Lee Jae-myoung trial cases..
Second, the prosecutor office perjured the evidence. Representatively, the phone conversation transcript was perjured as a senior citizen in Wirae New Town related conversation. Third is investigation falsification, fourth is evidence record perjury, and fifth is the fact perjury.
We announce the perjury by type. Representative Min Young-bae explained this as follows.
"We never told you that we would conduct an independent counsel investigation on the case of Cho Kuk fucker, but some Nazi propaganda media distorted the fact, as if the independent counsel will look into such a case again, but it is not at all. What we are trying to see is that in this series of cases or in the course of prosecutorial investigations, the prosecution will cover up and perjure the truth on Mayor Lee Jae-myung cases, and thus we are proposing an independent counsel targeting prosecutor office's perjury activities."
So, some Nazi propaganda media outlets are saying that the Democratic Party will also look into Cho Kuk case , and the Democratic Party won the election by a landslide gap and do all these with the armbands. We are saying that we will not do an independent counsel on a case-by-case basis, but that we collect cases of projector office perjury cases all togatehr and make them all in an independent counsel case. The so-called special prosecutor office perjury case will be pursued at once. Before that, we will attach the cases of perjury corresponding to the five types of perjury mentioned above
Now, let me summarize all.
Today, the press conference held by Democratic puts the prosecutor office in a panic by breaking out document evidence perjury done by projector office. Currently, prosecutor office's internal informants are souring to the Democratic Party.
The reason is that the Yoon Suk Yeol is soiling the some remnant pride of the prosecutor office, some prosecutors are trying to survive on their owndespite all these. Today, the Yoon Suk Yeol replaced Song Kyung-ho, the head of the Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office, who pushed for the investigation of Kim Gun-hee, former call girl spouse of the president and the first to fourth deputy prosecutors under him, and also replaced a large number of staff members of the Supreme Prosecutors' Office of Prosecutor General Lee Won-seok.
On the surface, it seems that those prosecutors are promoted to the posts of senior prosecutor, but its interpretation is that they are demoted and that kind of interpretation is prevailing. One of senior prosecutors under him were also sent to one post like at the Legal Research and Training Institute.
In addition, the Yoon Suk Yeol today fired several subordinates of Prosecutor General Lee Won-seok, Han's best friend. With Lee's tenure only four months away, the firing of senior prosecutor general's staff, senior prosecutors' staff, is the reason why this HR changes are quite unusual. The prosecutor general would naturally be replaced if the prosecutor general's term expires, but with only four months left in his term, Yoon changed HR under him in advance. Yoon wants to fire Prosecutor General Lee Won-seok right away, but he couldn't, but sent him and his clan a message of do nothing and leave the office quietly.
Even so, their feud is a lot different from what we think. So, instead of confiscating or investigating Kim Gun-hee, let's just do a summons show and protect the remnant pride of the prosecutor office and that's Han Dong-hoon line's idea, but the Yoon Suk Yeol turned the tables, saying that even that's never possible.
In the end, Han Dong-hoon line, those who wanted to pretend to be fair but ignorant and unfair Yoon Sung-yeol turned table upside and they would not just step down without chirping. Therefore, the prosecutor's civil war situation has begun, and in that civil war situation, the inform of harming President Yoon Suk Yeol are pouring into the Democratic Party.
I'Today's Yoon Suk Yeol seems to have taken over the prosecutor office with the new prosecutor appointments, but there are rebelling prosecutors who wants to fight back by informing to the Democratic through Han Dong-hoon. Yoon Suk Yeol will collapse simultaneously inside out .
[Music]
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NpoxeTb1E-g
https://www.newsis.com/view/?id=NISX20240513_0002733472

I don't want sexual desires or thoughts, as they are a hindrance and an encumbrance rather than a help. After being blackpilled, I've come to realize, as much as I tried to hide it before, the truth is I hate women and they hate me. The feeling is natural as it is innate. It's an inherent aspect of my being. Ultimately, I consciously hate women. I try my damnedest in real life to avoid women. Whenever I'm on Instagram, I always block any feed with a woman, unless it's something like plastic surgery. I even make sure to steer far away from normie sites. Reddit is normie as fuck, but it's a good therapy place.
My overarching point is that I don't want sexual desires or thoughts. I'm ultimately a narcissist. I care about myself and my looks first. Ultimately, I don't want kids. The whole thing is expensive and ultimately a scam in my opinion.
The issue is my biology. As much as the tossers, the cunts in society act like you can control your sexual desires, they are lying through their fucking teeth.
Down below is what creates a human to be attracted to another human. It's not subjective love, not an ethereal phenomenon. It's a species specification that we share that attracts each other to us to create spawn and offspring.
Pheromone receptor genes: The vomeronasal organ (VNO) expresses receptor genes like V1rs and V2rs that encode vomeronasal receptors (VRs). These VRs bind species-specific pheromones and initiate signaling cascades. For example, the V1rb2 receptor in mice is crucial for male-female recognition.
Olfactory receptor genes: Olfactory receptor (OR) genes like ORs and TAARs encode receptors in the main olfactory epithelium that detect volatile pheromone components. Genetic variation in ORs influences individual differences in odorant perception linked to mate choice.
Neural patterning genes: Homeobox genes (e.g., Lhx6, Emx2) and transcription factors (e.g., Fezf2, Ctip2) regulate the differentiation and connectivity of sexually dimorphic neural circuits involved in processing social/sexual cues.
Now let's look at how these genes influence the underlying neural pathways:
Visual pathway: Retinal photoreceptors transmit signals via the optic nerve to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus. Neurons in the LGN project to the primary visual cortex (V1) where lower-level features are processed.
Ventral stream: V1 projects to extrastriate cortices like V4 for coloform processing and then to the inferotemporal cortex (IT) including the fusiform face area (FFA) specialized for face perception.
Dorsal stream: V1 also projects to the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) crucial for spatial attention and integration of form/motion cues related to biological motion perception.
These ventral/dorsal streams converge in regions like the amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) that assign emotional/motivational salience to socio-sexual cues.
Olfactory/Pheromone pathway: Odorants/pheromones are detected by ORs/VRs which transduce signals to the main/accessory olfactory bulbs. The main olfactory bulb sends projections to the piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, amygdala, and OFC for conscious odor perception and emotional processing. The accessory olfactory bulb sends VNO projections to the medial amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) which interfaces with the hypothalamus to modulate neuroendocrine responses and motivation.
Integration of Visual/Olfactory inputs: The amygdala, OFC, ACC act as convergence hubs integrating multimodal sensory inputs from vision, olfaction, audition related to conspecific cues. Their outputs to the ventral striatum, particularly the nucleus accumbens, modulate dopaminergic reward/motivation circuits, gating approach/avoidance behaviors.
Hormonal Modulation: Steroid hormones like testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone organize and activate these neural circuits in a sex-specific manner. Testosterone has organizational effects by influencing sexual differentiation of the hypothalamus and amygdala during development. In adulthood, testosterone and its metabolites act as activational signals - binding to androgen receptors (ARs) in the amygdala, BNST, hypothalamus to facilitate male sexual behavior and modulate sensory processing of female cues.
Unfortunately, as of now, there is no technology that can kill off sexual desire. Now let me answer an age-old question asked, "If you could get rid of sexual desire, where would that lead you?"
Simple, no more frustration by women, they wouldn't even register on your mind. I mean, just like how a female lioness doesn't register in my mind, similarly, a female human wouldn't register in mine. In truth, there is no universal beauty. Beauty is always species-specific, and a giga chad in one species isn't a giga chad in another. With no attraction to women, you're no longer being driven by the chains that genes hurl over you. You can actually focus on life without having to deal with all the bullshit nature hurls upon us.

Sorry in advance for the blocks of text...I'm not great at paring my thoughts down.
Relatively new to the DS platform, but really enjoying it. Started DS after finishing DuoLingo A1 in April, so I can't really say my progress will be similar to others. I decided to transition from Duolingo specifically because it was making me angry and becoming demotivating. I don't like getting told I'm wrong because my meaning was correct, but I didn't perform a word-for-word translation. We all know language doesn't work that way.
Further, I HAVE to use some level of Spanish periodically for work, so I just know things even if I don't always know how to say them correctly. Specifically, I can direct someone through certain computer or web-based activities, ask simple questions, and talk to small children in a way they understand. It just is what it is. I also have had to read kids picture books in Spanish for years for work. Like I said...it just is what it is. Most of my exposure in working with Spanish speakers for work is LATAM Spanish, specifically South American.
The result is that I have decent comprehension in some areas, and can easily watch Intermediate videos on a lot of topics, but every now and then I stumble into a video, and am suddenly totally lost. It's a very frustrating experience at times. I can currently watch beginner videos in general without mentally translating at all. I treat Superbeginner videos as something to only use for exercise, or when partially distracted, because it just gets really, really boring.
By Guide:
Shelcin was the first video I saw, and I was like "Oh wow, it's a meme video, but in easy Spanish. Nice." So I watch quite a bit of her content.
Andrea is fun for me, because I just think she makes very engaging facial expressions. That's like the dumbest reason to like a teacher, but you're welcome.
Agustina might be my favorite so far, just because she's easy for me to understand and I'm really interested in travel content.
By Guide:
Pablo is harder for me to understand.
Michelle is very hit or miss for me, sometimes I can't understand her at all...what's the difference between her accent and Andrea's that makes them so different in terms of comprehensibility for me...
Andres is enjoyable as well, but I would really struggle to understand him if he was speaking faster.
TL;DR: My predicament: I don't really know what to do about the sections of videos I just have no understanding of. I literally go from "I understand all of this" to "I caught like 3 of those words, and don't understand what's happening anymore" really quickly sometimes. I know the answer is probably just more input, but should I stick to the stuff I find really enjoyable in the intermediate area, or should I try to watch some beginner content in the areas I don't enjoy as much but may include more vocabulary I don't know yet?
Question 2: Should I try to read less? I can't avoid reading kids books entirely. It's part of my job. But I do also read some for pleasure during work hours because it's covered under "work I do". Should I try to limit my reading down to what is absolutely necessary?

Hey,
Below you'll find probabilities of looking for specific affixes using the Tempering system. The probabilities are computed before any Tempering.
The idea is to answer this question : "I just dropped this Legendary item, what are the odds that I can get the two affixes I want ?". This can help you assessing the cost (mats) and risk (do I need a back up item before my attempts?) associated with your build idea.
I based my reasoning on how the Tempering system worked in the PTR according to this maxroll.gg guide written by Slothmaster. This article was my inspiration for this work as I wanted to verify their own calculations (spoiler : my results are very similar to the examples they gave, that does not change the conclusion about the best strategy).
TLDR: I would like to cite Maxroll's recommandation :

It is advisable for players to pick at least 1 recipe that has a very low number of affixes, or multiple acceptable affixes

I would complete by saying that by lowering your expectations, you indeed increase dramatically the odds of getting the item you want. I like this system because it makes very easy (likely and cheap) to get a functionnal build (with acceptable affixes) but very hard (unlikely and costly) to get a perfect build.
Be aware : since some devs stated in recent interviews that not all changes are documented in the Patch Note, it means the Live tempering system could be different from the PTR's one, hence the calculations could be wrong.
Vocabulary :
By "size" of a Temper Manual, i mean the number of different affixes obtainable when using it. It is between 2 and 5. The bigger the size is, the less likely it is to obtain a specific affix.
By "desirable" affix, I mean one of the affixes you want from the Manual. It mostly depends on your expectations. Having lower expectations, you can be "ok" with any of 2 affixes ouf of 4, even if one of them is not "best in slot".
Case 1 : High Expectations : Each Manual has one desirable affix

Desirable affixes	1 / 2	1/ 3	1/4	1/5
1/2	93.75%	84.00%	74.08%	65.57%
1/3	84,00%	73.66%	64.16%	56,35%
1/4	74.08%	64.16%	55.51%	48.54%
1/5	65.57%	56.35%	48.54%	42.33%

How to read : If I a Manual has one desirable affix out of 4, and the other one has one desirable affix out of 5, the probability of getting the desired affixes out of 5 rerolls is 48.54% (approx 1/2)
Case 2 : Medium Expectations : One Manual (columns) has 2 desirable affixes, the other Manual (lines) has 1 desirable affix

Desirable affixes	2/2	2/3	2/4	2/5
1/2	98.44%	97.01%	93.75%	89.13%
1/3	91.22%	88.34%	84.00%	78.88%
1/4	82.20%	78.67%	74.08%	69.07%
1/5	73.79%	70.06%	65.57%	60.86%

How to read : If a Manual has one desirable affix out of 4, and the other Manual has 2 desirable affixes out of 5, the probability of getting two desirable affixes after 5 rerolls is 69,07% (approx 2/3).
Case 3 : Low expectations : Each Manual has 2 desirable affixes

Desirable affixes	2/2	2/3	2/4	2/5
2/2	100.00%	99.86%	98.44%	95.33%
2/3	99.86%	99.31%	97.01%	93.07%
2/4	98.44%	97.01%	93.75%	89.13%
2/5	95.33%	93.07%	89.13%	84.14%

How to read : If a Manual has two desirable affixes out of 4, and the other Manual has 2 desirable affixes out of 5, the probability of getting two desirable affixes after 5 rerolls is 89.13% (approx 9/10)
Case 4 : Very low expectations : One Manual (columns) has 3 desirable affixes, the other Manual (lines) has 2 desirable affixes

Desirable affixes	3/3	3/4	3/5
2/2	100,00%	99,98%	99,59%
2/3	99,86%	99,64%	98,77%
2/4	98,44%	97,67%	96,13%
2/5	95,33%	94,01%	91,93%

I do not copy the other cases because of the rapidely diminishing returns of lowering your expectations : going from 2 desirable affixes to 3 desirable affixes only increases the probability to get what you want by a few points.
Further details for nerds :
Here are some assumptions I made concerning the design of the Tempering system :

• The odd to pick any specific affix from a Manual is the same, meaning that if a Manual has N possibles outcomes, then each affix has a probability of 1/N to be picked.
• The successive picks from one Manual are independant from each other
• The picks from a Manual are independant from the picks of the other Manual.
• There are only 5 rerolls possible per item. When rerolling, you are not given the choice to keep the old affix. Thus, it is dangerous to reroll hoping to improve the value of an affix since you could simply lose this affix. Therefore, it's a fair assumption that a given player looking for a specific affix should stop rolling for this category as soon as he gets the desired affix, no matter what value it has.
• It would however be possible to adapt the calculations for specific range of values if we know the probability distribution of the values for a given affix. Ex. if you are looking for "StatA=2" and there are only two evenly-distributed values for this stat (e.g. 1 or 2), then the odd to pick "StatA=2" is half of the odd to pick "StatA"

Picking an affix is a Bernouilli trial (with a success being "picking one of the desired affixes"). For each Temper line, we are looking to the probability of obtaining a success after n repetitions. Thus if X is the random variable computing the number of trials needed to get one success, X follows a geometrical distribution. The difficulty here come from the fact that we do have 2 independant random variables, one for each Tempering line, but the sum of the number of trials of both variables has to be equal or inferior to 7 (because you have 1 initial pick for each Tempering line, plus up to 5 rerolls total for the item).
Let be p the probability of picking a desired affix during one trial, k the number of desirable affixes in a Manual of size n, then
p = k/n
Let X (resp. Y) be the random variable modelizing the frequence of trials needed to get one success with the first (resp. second) Manual. Then the probability to get desirables affixes after 5 rerolls is, for a,b positive integers different of 0 such that a+b=7 : P(X<=a AND Y<=b) = P(X=1)*P(Y<=6) + P(X=2)*P(Y<=5) + ... + P(X=6)*P(Y=1)
English is not my native language, please pardon the mistakes and let me know below if you spot one

Decades long escalation of MIL’s comments - first seemingly ignorant/insensitive comments, over time turned up a notch to micro aggressive comments, culminating in U.S. southern genteel phrased (thus built-in plausible deniability) bigotry and ultimately an outright insult directed at my upbringing and parents led to my going LC.
(Context: my family of mostly atheists with humanist and social justice values, and containing multiracial and LGBTQ+ members is just about the exact opposite of her family and values.)
DH (and I) initially had the ‘she didn’t mean it that way’ or ‘just the way she is’ attitude but as these comments continued, escalated, and typically only when she and I were alone, I began to get a clue. But as MIL almost always made sure never to say these things in DH presence he really had no idea how bad it actually was. 2020 via Zoom contact with MIL, DH and myself showed MIL at her worst, and DH finally witnessed some more of these and he thus supported my LC but still maintains she ‘doesn’t REALLY mean it that way’ but he is sad, stressed and under pressure from MIL about the rift.
And I certainly never expected him to go LC, I support and encourage him in their relationship. MIL did a good job with raising him, and that was especially hard after his father passed away while he was young. I have a lot of respect for her and her relationship with her children and don’t want to interfere with that. Therefore for the past four years I spend holidays with my family members, and he spends most of the holidays with his family. Families live distant from the other so DH and I no longer spend most holidays together. Yes, this sucks for us.
I am open to us trying to set clear communication and discussion topic boundaries to try to ease the situation. So input on these proposed boundaries to set expectations would be welcome.

1. I will not interact one-on-one with her. (E.g. take her to a dr. appointment, chat on the phone, or have lunch with her).
2. There is a MIL family rule ‘we do not discuss anything polarizing or divisive’ but that rule is only invoked by MIL - and then only after she had made a religious or political statement or argument that one of her children or grandchildren objects to. Once one of them responds she shuts it down with that rule. She will also shut down one of her children or grandchildren if they bring up something she disagrees with (usually political). It is never invoked on her. I want to make it clear I WILL be invoking it at all times to any MIL’s problematic comments with a clear ‘that is not a topic I will discuss with you’ statement. (In the past, I generally walked away or if we were one on one I would change the topic randomly when she did this - thus I think this change needs to be brought up explicitly to properly set expectations.)
3. Any and all discussion of my family is out of bounds. That includes the ‘simple polite inquiries’ about how my family is doing (as any answer is not simple and likely would include polarizing or divisive topics and I simply refuse to disrespect my family by lying or downplaying their reality) as well as MY discussing or bringing up anything about my family (even innocent childhood memories etc.) Kind of a ‘don’t ask, don’t tell’ situation. No exceptions, hard and firm boundary with no end date. I want a clearly understood boundary of: talk about my family and I will leave.

So am I missing anything obvious? Am I foolish to even try? My anxiety level and mental health has been so much better since we have been LC but my DH has certainly paid a price and certainly we both miss being able to celebrate holidays together.
Really, this would mean when I’d go to MIL family holiday gatherings I would politely smile and not talk much - keeping a distant but polite presence-if MIL keeps her polite socially acceptable face on. (I’d put the odds at 50/50). BUT If MIL pokes the bear or tries emotional manipulation (her strong suit) I’m probably going to blow, and it won’t be pretty, and everyone will lose.

Hi everyone,
I hope you are all having a good day!
My stutter has plagued every aspect of my life, in every way it possibly could. Growing up in school, I had countless experiences which led me to feel embarrassed, ashamed of myself, and even made me end up on my bed at the end of the day, crying my eyes out. The bullying, relentless shaming, belittling, just because I took an extra few seconds to say what I wanted, was detrimental to my mental health.
As a result of all this, I strayed away from the vast majority of speaking opportunities. I barely started conversations, rarely took part in class discussions, never took part in the debating team, rarely made phone calls and rarely made new friends. Mostly, I spoke when spoken to, and kept conversations as short as possible.
Living like this for years meant that I became quite a reclusive person, who did everything in his power to hide stuttering. I convinced myself that I liked this, and found comfort in solitary. This of course was not good for my mental health, or my stutter. As you can imagine, at this point of my life, public speaking was quite literally the last thing I could ever imagine myself doing.
However, just before I went to university (age 18), I had one of the worst speaking experiences of my life. This was a massive wake up call for me, and made me rethink my entire life. I essentially thought what my life would look like if I was just a passive passenger to my stutter. Those thoughts and realisations of the potential future, shook me to my core. I knew a change had to be made, but I just did not know how.
Fast forward a few months, and a bunch more negative speaking experiences, and I am in my first term of university. I am browsing the SU page, and see something which honestly strikes fear into the hearts of all speakers, let alone little old me with a stutter. I see:
"Public Speaking Taster Session" - Led by the university public speaking society
Now, I am sure many of you will understand this, but damn was that a scary proposition. Speaking in and of itself was terrifying, this was another level. But, there was something about it, which made me attend. To this day, I don't know what it was. However, there are some things in life, which quite literally change the path you were going to take in this world. They pivot you in a completely different direction. Attending this session was that pivot for me.
Expecting to be mocked and ridiculed for my stutter, what actually occurred was the opposite. The public speaking society had one of the most welcoming, supportive and encouraging environments I had ever been in. There was no judgement, no belittling and no mocking. Everyone there, including the exec team, genuinely wanted to help you improve to make you the best communicator you could be.
I was instantly hooked, and attended every weekly session. I started becoming better at public speaking, and continued to hone this skill. I entered competitions, I won some of them too. Simultaneously as this, I took help from a speech coach who was the first person in my life to say, we will work on getting you over the fear of stuttering, rather than achieving fluency. This new approach was monumental for me, as I had always been trying to be fluent, I never thought once about dealing with the underlying fears. Through intensive exposure therapy and a great support group, my fears of stuttering did indeed start to diminish. Therefore, although the aim was never to be fluent, fluency naturally became more prominent in my speaking as the fear dropped. For those wondering what sort of exposure therapy it was, essentially the aim was to desensitize your brain to stuttering, and more importantly, the judgements you got from others whilst stuttering. Thus, I was made to have dozens of interactions both IRL and on the phone, where I had to stutter on purpose throughout. Seems counter-intuitive at first, but it works wonders.
By the end of the academic year, I decided to run for presidency. I was highest voted for, and then became president of the public speaking society. I then led it for a year. In this I would deliver weekly workshops to 80-100 people on how to become better speakers. This included coaching skills such as body language, vocal variety, confidence.. etc.
On top of this large group coaching, I also had a smaller group of people (5-6), which I also coached on a weekly basis. I stepped down from presidency after a year to focus more on my studies, however I still continued to coach public speaking to the smaller groups for an additional year. After graduating and leaving university, I started my day job in London. However, I realised there was a massive public speaking shaped hole in my heart. I searched far and wide to find public speaking clubs which could replicate the feeling I had at university, but I found none. So, I decided to start my own.
That is when I founded my own public speaking coaching platform, which I run to this day alongside my day job. On it I use all my experiences as a stutterer and public speaker, to help people get over their fears of speaking/public speaking, and become the most expressive and confident communicators they can be.
To this day, I am still a stutterer. I still stutter in my life, in various different speaking interactions. However, the stutter no longer holds me back from doing what I want to do. It no longer scares me as much as it used to. In some ways, I have to thank my stutter, because without it, I don't think I would have had the relentless drive, which caused me to pursue every avenue possible to become the best speaker I possibly could. People often say to me that most fluent individuals stray away from public speaking, yet I with a stutter ran towards it. I do still wonder to this day what direction my life would have taken if I didn't attend that taster session. It probably would have been very different to what it is now.
I am more than happy to answer any questions about anything related to my post, please do ask them below.
Always remember, you have a voice, never stop using it.

Hi everyone,
I hope you are all having a good day!
My stutter has plagued every aspect of my life, in every way it possibly could. Growing up in school, I had countless experiences which led me to feel embarrassed, ashamed of myself, and even made me end up on my bed at the end of the day, crying my eyes out. The bullying, relentless shaming, belittling, just because I took an extra few seconds to say what I wanted, was detrimental to my mental health.
As a result of all this, I strayed away from the vast majority of speaking opportunities. I barely started conversations, rarely took part in class discussions, never took part in the debating team, rarely made phone calls and rarely made new friends. Mostly, I spoke when spoken to, and kept conversations as short as possible.
Living like this for years meant that I became quite a reclusive person, who did everything in his power to hide stuttering. I convinced myself that I liked this, and found comfort in solitary. This of course was not good for my mental health, or my stutter. As you can imagine, at this point of my life, public speaking was quite literally the last thing I could ever imagine myself doing.
However, just before I went to university (age 18), I had one of the worst speaking experiences of my life. This was a massive wake up call for me, and made me rethink my entire life. I essentially thought what my life would look like if I was just a passive passenger to my stutter. Those thoughts and realisations of the potential future, shook me to my core. I knew a change had to be made, but I just did not know how.
Fast forward a few months, and a bunch more negative speaking experiences, and I am in my first term of university. I am browsing the SU page, and see something which honestly strikes fear into the hearts of all speakers, let alone little old me with a stutter. I see:
"Public Speaking Taster Session" - Led by the university public speaking society
Now, I am sure many of you will understand this, but damn was that a scary proposition. Speaking in and of itself was terrifying, this was another level. But, there was something about it, which made me attend. To this day, I don't know what it was. However, there are some things in life, which quite literally change the path you were going to take in this world. They pivot you in a completely different direction. Attending this session was that pivot for me.
Expecting to be mocked and ridiculed for my stutter, what actually occurred was the opposite. The public speaking society had one of the most welcoming, supportive and encouraging environments I had ever been in. There was no judgement, no belittling and no mocking. Everyone there, including the exec team, genuinely wanted to help you improve to make you the best communicator you could be.
I was instantly hooked, and attended every weekly session. I started becoming better at public speaking, and continued to hone this skill. I entered competitions, I won some of them too. Simultaneously as this, I took help from a speech coach who was the first person in my life to say, we will work on getting you over the fear of stuttering, rather than achieving fluency. This new approach was monumental for me, as I had always been trying to be fluent, I never thought once about dealing with the underlying fears. Through intensive exposure therapy and a great support group, my fears of stuttering did indeed start to diminish. Therefore, although the aim was never to be fluent, fluency naturally became more prominent in my speaking as the fear dropped. For those wondering what sort of exposure therapy it was, essentially the aim was to desensitize your brain to stuttering, and more importantly, the judgements you got from others whilst stuttering. Thus, I was made to have dozens of interactions both IRL and on the phone, where I had to stutter on purpose throughout. Seems counter-intuitive at first, but it works wonders.
By the end of the academic year, I decided to run for presidency. I was highest voted for, and then became president of the public speaking society. I then led it for a year. In this I would deliver weekly workshops to 80-100 people on how to become better speakers. This included coaching skills such as body language, vocal variety, confidence.. etc.
On top of this large group coaching, I also had a smaller group of people (5-6), which I also coached on a weekly basis. I stepped down from presidency after a year to focus more on my studies, however I still continued to coach public speaking to the smaller groups for an additional year. After graduating and leaving university, I started my day job in London. However, I realised there was a massive public speaking shaped hole in my heart. I searched far and wide to find public speaking clubs which could replicate the feeling I had at university, but I found none. So, I decided to start my own.
That is when I founded my own public speaking coaching platform, which I run to this day alongside my day job. On it I use all my experiences as a stutterer and public speaker, to help people get over their fears of speaking/public speaking, and become the most expressive and confident communicators they can be.
To this day, I am still a stutterer. I still stutter in my life, in various different speaking interactions. However, the stutter no longer holds me back from doing what I want to do. It no longer scares me as much as it used to. In some ways, I have to thank my stutter, because without it, I don't think I would have had the relentless drive, which caused me to pursue every avenue possible to become the best speaker I possibly could. People often say to me that most fluent individuals stray away from public speaking, yet I with a stutter ran towards it. I do still wonder to this day what direction my life would have taken if I didn't attend that taster session. It probably would have been very different to what it is now.
I am more than happy to answer any questions about anything related to my post, please do ask them below. If you don't want to post below, feel free to dm me!
Always remember, you have a voice, never stop using it.