Sadlier oxford vocabulary answers g

The Latin Language

2008.08.27 07:36 The Latin Language

This is a community for discussions related to the Latin language.
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2011.06.11 21:26 essboston Spanish help

A subreddit for getting help with homework, assignments, transcriptions and proofread requests of pieces of text in Spanish.
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2009.11.23 07:29 ineededanewaccount r/LearnSpanish: Language community

The subreddit for anyone interested in Spanish. If you have something to share or a question about the Spanish language, post and we'll help the best we can! Remember to provide enough context, read the sidebawiki, and use the search function.
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2024.05.15 14:19 Srapture How to find a fuel pipe for a MK7 Accord that is not manufactured anymore?

My mechanic isn't particularly good at responding to calls/answering messages, but they're honest and do a good job, so I don't want to piss them off with too much spam. I can't get as much info out of them as I would like.
I brought in my 2005 Honda Accord 2.2L CDTI MK7 because it was leaking diesel.
Some pipe (or multiple pipes, I guess) were so rusted that they snapped in half when they were taking them off to assess the problem. They have found and ordered a fuel return pipe, but their order for the other part was cancelled and they apparently don't have time to scour the internet for this part (which I completely understand).
The information that I do have is that the part number is 17700-sef-e01, the pipe goes "from tank to filter", and it isn't amongst this or this. I can't find this thing anywhere. Most sites I've looked at that sell used parts don't even have a "fuel pipe" category. I don't really know what I'm talking about here, so I feel like I couldn't describe what I want to someone on the phone.
Someone called thinking they had the part that I want, but they had the pipe that you fill the tank with. Not what I was looking for, I don't think. They were confused by what I was trying to describe.
Can anyone offer me any help here? I live in the UK.
The car model I have might be an Acura in the US or doesn't exist there (thought I'd add that as I know most redditors are American)
submitted by Srapture to MechanicAdvice [link] [comments]

2024.05.15 14:18 astrobabag Power Of Vashikaran Using Hair

Power Of Vashikaran Using Hair
Vashikaran is a centuries-old unhealthy technique of mind and action manipulation of another person. Nevertheless, the reality is that some people still believe in its power, but the existence of the law is not backed by all. A way that is meant to be practiced for vashikaran is the use of the hair of the target.
Vashikaran Using Hair
Hair is considered as the major link to a person in both the physical and the spiritual sides of the person. Hair is the main device in vashikaran which is utilized to the connection of the spells and rituals to the target of the wish. The Vashikaran people claim that they can see a person's inner thoughts by having their hair.
Hence, the regulation of Vashikaran by hair is that the DNA and the distinct energy signature that hair has can be used to make a strong connection between the ritual and the target. By the way of using of hair in the rituals, the Vashikaran practitioner thinks that they can transfer their will and the aim of the other person into his mind directly.
There are some rituals that are generally performed which include the chanting of mantras and the tying or holding of the hair into bundles. Individual mantras are believed to be the keys to the answers that are, e. g. , the increase of love, attraction, wealth, fame, or the reconciliation between the divided parties. On the contrary, there are cases when the hair bundles are either burned or buried with the effigies, symbols, and offerings to the vashikaran spell work to make it effective.
The more sophisticated ceremonial practices use hair to make doll-like figures that are meant to be the manifestation of the person. These numbers are dressed up with ornaments, considered by the folks as the persona for the real person. On the one hand the figure is transformed, by incubation, binding, nailing, drowning, burning etc, it is supposed that the subject's mind and environment do the same thing to the link that is established using their hair.
Vashikaran by hair supporters believe that the quality, quantity, gender, age, and the body location of the hair will be the factors that will determine the predestined outcome of the wish. For example, the long healthy hair from the head of a young lady is an appropriate thing for love spells. On the other hand, one can claim that the exact time, the days, the planets and the nakshatras are also taken into account when the hair is being collected and the ritual is being performed.
It is evident that a lot of the modern thinkers do not describe hair as a material that has or even carries a special energy, DNA, consciousness, or spiritual connection. The scientists have a consensus that hair is mainly made of keratin along with amino acids, lipids, minerals etc. Once the hair is cut from the body, it is no longer interacting with the body processes. The legends of "Vashikaran Using Hair" are either meant to be psychological trick, manipulation, coincidence or superstition by the rationalists.
Moreover, a number of ethicists, feminists and human rights activists have opposed such practices as victims of vashikaran which are always considered to be unscientific, manipulative attacks on personal liberty and consent. The fact that getting someone's hair illegally for the sake of something else is seen as fraudulent in most places is a major reason why people should not do what they do. The victims rights groups constantly stress that psychological coercion is never okay, even if there are some alleged supernatural elements involved.
Currently, the vashikaran through the hair is still a topic of a discussion in some communities. The lobbyists are campaigning to make people force others to do against their will, even the searching for the personal agendas and the forced marriages. The people who are unsure but sure about the 'mystic' powers of hair when its body is not connected still do not believe.
Controversies on this issue divide the people into two main groups: spiritual traditionalists and scientific rationalists who believe in the power of mysticism and the sacredness of nature. The problems of the morally and socially negative consequences of manipulating others without their consent are present no matter what one's religious views are.
To conclude, the Vashikaran by hair is the belief of using the alleged hidden secrets of hair for casting mind control spells - yet, the scientific research for this idea is still absent. The psychological domination policy is also the reason why it has the ethical problems too.
While the old spiritual views agree with vashikaran, like prayer, the modern people who are not certain of it, think hair-based rituals are fake, forced, and the human rights abuse. Hence, even after many centuries it is still a controversial topic that is being debated. The study of this issue from different points of view should be done by using the interdisciplinary research methods.
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submitted by astrobabag to u/astrobabag [link] [comments]

2024.05.15 14:10 Truco_Services What type of lawyer handles cases involving incorrect auto repairs? Who would be responsible for paying the fees if the repair shop is no longer in business?

Cases involving incorrect auto repairs typically fall under the domain of consumer protection law or product liability law. The type of lawyer who handles these cases is usually referred to as a consumer protection attorney or a product liability attorney. These lawyers specialize in cases where consumers have been wronged by businesses, including those involving defective products or services, such as auto repairs.
Responsibilities and Payment of Fees
  1. Identifying Responsibility:Repair Shop: If the repair shop is still in business, they would generally be the primary party responsible for rectifying the issue or compensating for damages caused by the incorrect repairs.Manufacturer or Distributor: If the incorrect repair was due to a faulty part, the manufacturer or distributor of that part could also be held liable.
  2. Repair Shop Out of Business:If the repair shop is no longer in business, recovering damages can be more complicated. Potential avenues for compensation include:Insurance Claims: If the repair shop had liability insurance, you might be able to file a claim with their insurer.Surety Bonds: Some states require repair shops to carry surety bonds, which can be a source of compensation if the business closes.Bankruptcy Proceedings: If the repair shop filed for bankruptcy, you could file a claim in the bankruptcy proceedings, though this can be a lengthy and uncertain process.Manufacturer Liability: If the issue can be traced to a defective part, you might have a case against the manufacturer or distributor of that part.
  3. Paying Legal Fees:Contingency Fee Arrangement: Many consumer protection attorneys work on a contingency fee basis, meaning they only get paid if you win the case or settle. Their fee is a percentage of the recovery amount.Out-of-Pocket Fees: Some lawyers might require an upfront retainer or hourly fees, especially if the case is complex or if a contingency arrangement is not feasible.Fee Shifting: In some cases, if you win the lawsuit, the court may order the defendant to pay your legal fees. This is more common in cases involving clear violations of consumer protection laws.
Steps to Take
  1. Document Everything: Keep all records related to the repair, including receipts, communication with the repair shop, and any subsequent repairs needed.
  2. Get a Second Opinion: Obtain an independent assessment of the repairs to establish that the work was incorrect and caused additional damage.
  3. Consult a Lawyer: Speak with a consumer protection or product liability attorney to evaluate your case and discuss the best course of action.
By consulting with a specialized attorney such as Business Lawyer Centerville Utah, you can better understand your rights and the potential for recovering damages, even if the original repair shop is no longer in business.
If you need an attorney in Utah, you can call for free consultation:
Jeremy Eveland
8833 South Redwood Road
West Jordan, Utah 84088
(801) 613-1472
Jeremy Eveland (801) 613-1472
Jeremy Eveland · 8833 S Redwood Rd, West Jordan, UT 84088★★★★★ ·
submitted by Truco_Services to freelegalconsultation [link] [comments]

2024.05.15 14:01 Plankton_Etn IBFT Istanbul Byzantine Fault Tolerant

IBFT Istanbul Byzantine Fault Tolerant
Consensus algorithms are one of the core innovations of blockchain, and yet also one of the most confusing. Satoshi Nakamoto created a version of Proof of Work (PoW) that was implemented as a means for simultaneously securing and validating Bitcoin transactions. The blockchain community has built on that core vision to create an alphabet soup of Proof of Stake (PoS), Proof of Authority (PoA), PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerant), and many others that are all designed to build consensus in a distributed system, creating the single source of truth that makes blockchain so valuable.
IBFT (Istanbul Byzantine Fault Tolerant) is a consensus mechanism which is an alternative to Proof of Work in a Bitcoin network. Like other algorithms, IBFT ensures a single, agreed-upon ordering for transactions in the blockchain, and provides added benefits for enterprises, including settlement finality.
Before getting into the operation of the IBFT consensus mechanism, it is worth mentioning when and why one would want to use IBFT. In a public blockchain, the short answer is likely that you would not. But when it comes to consortium or private blockchains, IBFT starts to look quite appealing.
The PoW algorithm is famously costly, in both hardware and electricity. This cost is intentional, to prevent anyone from easily taking over the network, and thus PoW is very suitable for situations with full decentralization where anyone (including attackers) can participate. Nodes in the consortium/private chains used by enterprises, however, are intrinsically more trusted than those in a public chain. As such, the PoW consensus mechanism may be overly burdensome, and other mechanisms may provide “enough” trust to run a distributed system.
Proof of Stake, likewise, may be less relevant for enterprises, because paying for gas is less important in a permissioned network. Since nodes do not (necessarily) need to maintain currency in the network, PoS would introduce extraneous requirements.
Considering these tradeoffs, Proof of Authority (PoA) emerges as a possible best solution, utilising a system whereby nodes in the network are allocated the privilege of producing new blocks for the chain using a round-robin or other arbitrary system.
IBFT is one of the many flavours of PoA and provides the following benefits:
  • Immediate block finality. There’s only 1 block proposed at a given chain height. The single chain thus removes forking, uncle blocks, and the risk that a transaction may be “undone” once on the chain at a later time.
  • Reduced time between blocks. The effort needed to construct and validate blocks is significantly reduced (in particular with respect to PoW), greatly increasing the throughput of the chain.
  • High data integrity and fault tolerance. IBFT uses a group of validators to ensure the integrity of each block being proposed. A super-majority (~66%) of these validators are required to sign the block prior to insertion to the chain, making block forgery very difficult. The ‘leadership’ of the group also rotates over time — ensuring a faulty node cannot exert long term influence over the chain.
  • Operationally flexible. The group of validators can be modified in time, ensuring the group contains only full-trusted nodes.
Here we provided an overview of IBFT, in mostly non-technical terms. For some of the original proposals of IBFT, you can review the EIPs on GitHub:
For the rest of this page, we’ll explore IBFT’s more technical considerations, discussing many of the concepts found in the EIPs and that we have learned through our own research.
Note: IBFT code can also be found in a go-ethereum pull request #16385.
Operation
The IBFT consensus mechanism comprises the following components:
  1. A PBFT inspired group consensus model.
  2. A process by which members can be added/removed from the validating group.
IBFT requires the Block Header to be (subtly) reworked to support all facets of the capability.

Group Consensus Model

Overview

IBFT uses a pool of validating nodes (Validators) operating on the Electronem network to determine if a proposed block is suitable for addition to the chain.
One node of the Validators is arbitrarily selected as the Proposer and is responsible for constructing a block at the block-interval and sharing said block with the group. If a super-majority of the Validators deem the block to be valid it is added to the blockchain.
At the completion of the consensus round, the Validators may select a new Proposer which will be responsible for providing the candidate Block at the next block interval.
The consensus mechanism is a synchronised state machine, which is responsible for ensuring all Validators append the same block to the chain at the same height.
If a block fails to insert, the Proposer is changed, and the process starts anew.
To ensure only one block can be appended to the state machine, IBFT prevents changing the proposed block once a super-majority of validators have agreed to its insertion (but not performed said work), this process is referred to as ‘Block Locking’.
The IBFT consensus mechanism offers system stability provided less than 1/3 of the validating nodes are behaving incorrectly (either due to being compromised or due to faulty code). I.e. to tolerate F faulty nodes the validation group must contain at least 3F + 1 nodes (more than this does not increase system integrity).
Note: Herein F implies the number of faulty nodes tolerated by the system.

State Machine

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https://preview.redd.it/4spbf7dlqzxc1.png?width=524&format=png&auto=webp&s=befa5ae51ffd2601571b1ab803988111a0da8eea
​
IBFT State Machine

States

  • Awaiting Proposal. Validator is waiting for a new block to be supplied by the current proposer. If the validator is the proposer for this round, they prepare the proposed block and transmit it in a pre-prepare message.
  • Preparing. Has received a (valid) proposed block and notified validator-peers; is now waiting for validator-peers to notify their acceptance of the block.
  • Ready. Has received validator-peer’s acceptance of block, and is waiting for them to be a in a similar position. At this stage the proposed block has been ‘locked-in’, and cannot be replaced until an attempt at insertion has been conducted.
  • Round Change. The round timed out before consensus was reached or the block failed to insert. Wait for all validators to agree on the next round number.

Transitions

  1. Awaiting Proposal → Preparing. On reception of a new block (Preprepare message) from the proposer (i.e. the block is valid in its content, as is its proposed chain insertion point).
  2. Awaiting Proposal → Round Change. The received proposal was not a valid block according to a given set of rules (e.g. invalid proposer, incorrect round numbering).
  3. Preparing → Ready. On reception of 2F+1 notifications (Prepare message) from validator-peers indicating the proposed block is suitable for insertion.
  4. Ready → Awaiting Proposal. On reception of 2F+1 notifications (Commit message) from validator-peers indicating they are ready to append the block to the chain. On transition, the process of appending the block to the chain is performed (success).
  5. Ready → Round Change. As per Ready->Awaiting Proposal, however, block insertion has failed.
  6. Round Change → Awaiting Proposal. 2F+1 of validators agree on the next round number to be used.
Note: All transitions into “RoundChange” result in the Validator transmitting a “RoundChange” message to its validator-peers.

Block Locking

IBFT mandates that forks shall not be created. To this end, once a block has been agreed upon by a majority (i.e. on entry to the Ready state) it becomes “locked in”.
This means no other blocks will be considered for insertion until an attempt to add this block to the chain has been attempted. Thus either the block is inserted successfully (once sufficient commit messages are received, either in this or subsequent rounds), or the block fails insertion, is discarded, and a new block is proposed at the current chain height.

Validation Group Membership

The members of the validation group may change over time through a voting mechanism. Members can be added or removed through a majority (Floor(N/2) + 1) vote; each vote is captured in the Block Header.
Each node in the network (including non-validating nodes) is responsible for tracking the vote tally for each validator to determine the current Validators and ensure signatures on mined blocks fall within the expected group.
Given each vote is contained in the Block Header, only the Proposer for a given round is able to cast a vote. Thus it is important, if nodes are to be added/removed in a timely fashion, that the Proposer role be updated on a regular basis.
Once a node reaches majority votes, they immediately join/leave the validator group.
IBFT recognises a Voting Epoch, which defines a point at which all votes which have not yet reached a majority are removed, forcing the voting tally to be restarted. This implies when tallying votes, Validators need only start at the most recent epoch. By default, the Voting Epoch occurs every 17,280 blocks.
Votes define a change of state (i.e. candidates get voted in, validators get voted out), not voting for a given node implies the Validator does not wish the node to change state (an explicit vote is not required to maintain the status quo).

Block Header Refactor

To support IBFT in Electroneum Smart Chain a number of changes must be made to the block headers in comparison to Ethereum's block header. These changes include:
  • beneficiary: identifies the node for which a vote is being cast.
  • nonce: specifies the vote “direction” — AUTH or DROP.
  • mixHash: afixed magic number, identifying this block as being IBFT validated.
  • ommersHash: must be the hash of an empty set, as there are no ommer blocks when operating under IBFT.
  • timestamp: must be at least the parent block’s timestamp + block interval.
  • difficulty: must be filled with 0x0000000000000001.
  • extraData: contains IBFT specific data including List of Validator Addresses, ProposerSeal (identifies the proposer), CommittingSeals (list of the validators which reported ‘commit’ on this block).
As the list of CommittingSeals for each validator is (potentially) different, it is important that the block hash not include this information — i.e. even though two blocks have different CommittingSeals fields, they represent the same information (i.e. transactions etc. are identical).

Conclusion

In closing, IBFT is a Byzantine fault tolerant solution offering immediate transaction finality which reduces the required infrastructure that PoW demands.
While unlikely to be ever used on the Ethereum mainnet (with the much wider, unknown set of participating actors), it offers substantial benefit when used on a private chain where the validator pool is trusted and held accountable; it provides an ideal solution for a chain with a fixed cadence and a predictable transaction processing rate.
The processes explored in this article give confidence that the Electroneum Smart Chain employing IBFT will be tolerant of Byzantine nodes and can be recovered should those nodes be seen to be exerting over control on the network.
submitted by Plankton_Etn to Electroneum [link] [comments]

2024.05.15 14:00 PetiteFashionAdvice ❓ Daily Questions - May 15, 2024

Welcome to our Daily Questions thread!

Feel free to post all general fashion-related questions here! Hopefully this can help users answer questions they may have where they may not want to make a whole new thread and keep sub posts related to petite-specific concerns.
To help ensure that you receive the most helpful answers from other users, please include as many relevant details in your post as possible. Helpful details may include:
What kind of posts are allowed?
submitted by PetiteFashionAdvice to PetiteFashionAdvice [link] [comments]

2024.05.15 13:50 Gabriell75 [routine help] Night cream with retinol when you have melasma

Hi!
Can I use a night face cream (L'Oreal Revitalift Laser) when I have melasma, and I use azelaic acid cream (prescribed, 200mg/g, Skinoren) to treat it, twice a day, and it is summer now, so I usually spend some time outdoors during daytime?
I am looking this up for days now, but I can only find contradicting answers. Some say that retinoids help with hyperpigmentation, some say that it is better avoided as it increases photosensitivity and can make it worse.
So, should or may I use my night cream (at night ofc) in this case?
Background story: I developed a bit of photosensitivity due to hormonal changes and a little hyperpigmentatiom on my face as a consequence. My dermatologist said that it is melasma, and also told me that the contributing factors could have been that I very likely overdosed on vitamin-A due to a multivitamin product that contains way to much (1500μg, almost twice the RDA). I stopped taking that, and all kinds of multivitamins, just to be sure...
I am new to this sub, I hope this question is okay, or if not, pleaee tell me how to ask better.
Thank you in advance!
submitted by Gabriell75 to SkincareAddiction [link] [comments]

2024.05.15 13:45 deeptechsharing Beatport Top 100 Deep House May 2024

Title: Beatport Top 100 Deep House May 2024 Genre: Deep House Release Date: 2024-05-15
DOWNLOAD in 320kbps: https://sharing-db.club/djs-chart/481841_beatport-top-100-deep-house-may-2024/
Tracklist: 1. ANOTR, Leven Kali, Erik Bandt – How You Feel (Original Mix) (6:01) 2. RUZE – Journey (Original Mix) (6:07) 3. Sugar Hill – I Love You So ((Extended mix)) (5:10) 4. The Blessed Madonna, Clementine Douglas – Happier (feat. Clementine Douglas) (Extended) (4:50) 5. James Cole, Kevin McKay, Darcey, Simon Ellis – Somebody That I Used To Know (Extended Mix) (6:34) 6. Fred again.., The Blessed Madonna – Marea (we’ve lost dancing) (4:45) 7. Kevin McKay, Simon Ellis – Walking On A Dream (Extended Mix) (4:55) 8. Locklead – Zero’s Delight (Original Mix) (7:02) 9. Maverick Sabre, Tom Breu, Vintage Culture – Weak (Extended) (4:58) 10. Locklead – State Of Peace (Original Mix) (7:35) 11. Chris Stussy – Desire (Extended) (6:14) 12. Traumer – We Do (Original Mix) (6:50) 13. Dilby, Tom Evans, Bruno Blanc, Monochrome (AU) – Play It Twice (Dilby Extended Remix) (7:01) 14. Kolter – Be Real (Original Mix) (7:33) 15. Oden & Fatzo – Lauren (I Can’t Stay Forever) (Extended) (6:36) 16. Sonaba, Henry Chris – Sun is Dark (Extended Mix) (5:12) 17. Markus Homm – Abiola (Markus Homm Version) (7:56) 18. Vitess – Blue Vision (Original Mix) (5:10) 19. Marsolo – Show Me (Original Mix) (5:24) 20. Kevin McKay – Tom’s Diner (Extended Mix) (4:46) 21. Easttown – Athletic (Original Mix) (6:27) 22. Dam Swindle – That’s Right (Original Mix) (7:04) 23. Route 94, Jess Glynne – My Love (Original Mix) (4:19) 24. Ninetoes – Finder (Carl Cox Remix) (8:49) 25. RAFFL – life is good (edit) (3:44) 26. Hardy Heller, Alex Connors – Remembrance (Extended Version) (7:16) 27. Deeper Purpose, Jalja, Lazy Joe – One By One (Extended Mix) (5:36) 28. Nick Curly – Skyfall (Original Mix) (6:26) 29. Dilby – Get Together (Extended Mix) (7:46) 30. Natanael Megersa – Switches (Gorge Remix) (6:12) 31. Dennis Cruz – Time Out (Original Mix) (5:33) 32. Kevin McKay, Rose Motion – Shakin’ That Thing (Extended Mix) (4:36) 33. Gorge, DÉ SAINT. – Feed The Animal (Extended Mix) (6:36) 34. Cameron Jack – The Vision (Original Mix) (6:13) 35. Maverick Sabre, Tom Breu, Vintage Culture – Weak (Extended) (4:58) 36. Tal Fussman – Children Of 95 (Original Mix) (5:57) 37. Locklead – Moon (Original Mix) (4:48) 38. Chris Stussy – All Night Long (Original Mix) (7:06) 39. Hannah Wants, Clementine Douglas – Cure My Desire (feat. Clementine Douglas) (Extended Mix) (6:38) 40. Traumer – Behave (Original Mix) (6:52) 41. Gorge – Roots (Extended Mix) (6:18) 42. Maverick Sabre, Tom Breu, Vintage Culture – Weak (Extended) (4:58) 43. Chris Stussy – Seeing & Believing (Kolter Extended Remix) (6:01) 44. Dilby, DNCN – The Station (Original Mix) (6:47) 45. Dilby – Remember Me (Extended Mix) (6:19) 46. Maverick Sabre, Jorja Smith – Slow Down (feat. Jorja Smith) (Vintage Culture & Slow Motion Extended Remix) (5:15) 47. Franck Roger, RIMARKABLE – Part Of My Soul (feat. Rimarkable) (Original Mix) (7:27) 48. Pornbugs – Right Here Inside (Steve Kelley Remix) (6:45) 49. Kolter – I’m Fine, Thanks! (Original Mix) (7:01) 50. Crew Deep – Location (T.Markakis Remix Extended) (6:50) 51. Never Dull – Turning You On (Original Mix) (6:45) 52. Twenty Six, Darcey – Stan (Kevin McKay Extended Mix) (5:38) 53. Barry Can’t Swim – How It Feels (Slightly Extended Mix) (3:09) 54. Coeo – Native Riddim (Original Mix) (6:26) 55. Skygroover – Jazz Rhythm (Extended Mix) (6:18) 56. PAWSA – A LITTLE BIT FUNKIER (Extended Mix) (7:23) 57. Claptone – No Eyes Feat. Jaw (Original Mix) (6:58) 58. Davi – Future Avenue (Original Mix) (7:00) 59. Stefano Albanese – Ballroom (Extended) (5:45) 60. Gola, The Archer – GhashanG (Most Beautiful) (Original Mix) (5:29) 61. Dilby – Barricade (Extended Mix) (6:51) 62. Paluma – Rapture (Kevin McKay Extended ViP) (6:07) 63. Dasein Musik – Temptation (Radio Edit) (2:59) 64. Hardy Heller, Alex Connors – Arthur (Experiencing Sound) (Original Mix) (7:21) 65. Folamour – These Are Just Places To Me Now (Original Mix) (7:01) 66. Oliver Dollar, Jimi Jules – Pushing On (Original Mix) (6:59) 67. Coppola, Marsellie – Body In Body (Original Mix) (4:23) 68. AJ Christou – Back & Forth (Original Mix) (5:59) 69. M-High – Try To Make (Original Mix) (6:45) 70. Luca Bacchetti – Storyteller (Original Mix) (8:23) 71. Deeplomatik – Inside My Mind (Dilby Remix) (6:18) 72. Nico Morano, Mewhy – Juno Love (Original Mix) (7:26) 73. Fusion Groove Orchestra, Steve Lucas – If Only I Could (feat. Steve Lucas) (Liem Remix) (7:06) 74. Franck Roger – The Music (Original Mix) (7:44) 75. Barry Can’t Swim – Rah That’s A Mad Question (Original Mix) (3:47) 76. Time – Not Alone (Original Mix) (6:44) 77. col lawton – Call Me All The Time (Original Mix) (6:55) 78. Coeo – Back in the Days (Original Mix) (5:40) 79. Noir, Haze – Around (Solomun Vox) (6:58) 80. Tech Trax Inc. – Tech Trax Inc. (Acid Jerks Dub Edit) (6:32) 81. Vincenzo – Assassin (Mihai Popoviciu Remix) (6:52) 82. Sweatson Klank, Session Victim – The Road To Love (Session Victim Remix) (7:15) 83. M-High – The Answer (Original Mix) (7:24) 84. Dompe – Shakermaker (Mollono.Bass Remix) (7:51) 85. André Lodemann – Home (Original Mix) (8:34) 86. Mihai Popoviciu – Forces (Original Mix) (7:45) 87. Kolter – This Is It (Original Mix) (6:01) 88. Bicep – Opal (Four Tet Remix) (8:14) 89. The Checkup, DJ Merci, Mona Lee – You Make Me Stronger (Original Mix) (7:43) 90. Jose Vilches, Joselacruz – Street Signin (Original Mix) (7:00) 91. Mallin – With You (Extended Mix) (6:21) 92. Nicone, David Hasert – Wasting My Time With You (Extended Mix) (6:13) 93. Marsolo – Contextual (Original Mix) (6:23) 94. Lost.Act – Poema De La Noche (Calabasa Remix) (8:02) 95. Stef Davidse – Love Yourself Anthem (Original Mix) (6:32) 96. Larry Heard, Larry Heard presents Mr. White, Mr. White – The Sun Can’t Compare (Long Version) (7:47) 97. Dan Goul – Paraglider (Original Mix) (8:00) 98. Hurlee – Raise Me Up (Original Mix) (6:34) 99. brunch.wav – Rotation (Original Mix) (5:14) 100. Mallin, Sam Dexter – Park Avenue (Extended Mix) (5:44)
submitted by deeptechsharing to deeptech_house [link] [comments]

2024.05.15 13:38 9adonald46 so who do we think is win g grands on NA? i think the obvious answer is peter & pollo but who do yall have?

submitted by 9adonald46 to u/9adonald46 [link] [comments]

2024.05.15 13:36 Ancient-Implement-51 Should I stop seeing someone i met on g app who’s freshly 18?

Im 23 and met this dude on a g app we exchanged photos. He looks much mature, bigger and taller than me, physically i liked him and then we chat stuffs abt us (non sexual apart from our positions) and ended up sharing our socmeds.
He told me he’s fresh 18 and decided to keep him as friends until we met, from then on we chatted more frequently until he told me that he likes me and I wasn’t sure if i should but I honestly was liking him too but I don’t know if its the right thing to do.
He basically didn’t ask for my answer yet but he’s willing to step up with me if feelings are mutual and should let him know too if I’m not interested as well. Honestly, I like him but the fact that he’s fresh 18 keeps bugging me.
What should I do?
submitted by Ancient-Implement-51 to askgaybros [link] [comments]

2024.05.15 13:04 DoGsPaWsLoVe Monday 05/13/24: 14 Posts

Here is the recap of the 14 monetized posts from Kylea and Joseph "Joe" Gomez of Kylea G Weight loss Journey on 05/13/24.
Disclaimer: I am not a physician, influencer, or paid content creator. I am not affiliated with WW. I am semi-retired from healthcare with multiple college degrees. These opinions are my own based on social media content. I wish no harm to Kylea or Joe Gomez.
☎️ If you or someone you know is struggling or in crisis, please call or text 988 for assistance.
The tagline of Kylea G Weight loss Journey is, "I changed my life with prayer and a playlist of songs. No surgery, no meds. Just Jesus."
DAILY STATS 05/13/24:
0/14 posts discussed prayer
2/14 contained vague references to music
0/14 discussed exercise
0/14 shared a recipe
4/14 were about something Kylea ate or drank
1/14 contained a side by side photo comparison
2/14 were about her current/future pet (one of these was from "Joe" about Amazon pet items)
1/14 "Joe" posted about getting Whataburger
2/14 were about donut holes & a clapback
2/14 were a trip update
📢 For our friends at Meta, that means at least 50% of Kylea's monetized content had nothing to do with weight loss, which is the tagline and purpose of her page.
⚠️ Disordered Eating- Daily Food Consumption (Data compiled from monetized content):
5 WW Points: Barebell Cookies & Cream Protein Bar
0 WW Points: Alani Nu Energy Drink (🚨 These contain 200mg of caffeine)
9 WW Points: TWO In-N-Out "Protein style" hamburgers wrapped in lettuce.
0 WW Points: Bahama Buck's Sugar-free Birthday Cake & Sugar-free Strawberry Cheesecake flavored shaved ice.
📢 For our friends at Meta, that means Kylea consumed 14 out of (up to) 30 daily WW points in maintenance mode= Disordered Eating. This is dangerous messaging for her 138k+ followers on a weight loss journey.
Recipes Shared:
ZERO
🚨 Please speak with a medical professional about any questions or concerns you have about your health.
Comments: Kylea CHOSE to continue posting triggering food content, and clapped back at followers for questioning it.
⚠️ Binge Eating, Compulsive Buying Disorder (CBD), aka shopping addiction, Disordered Eating, Food Addiction, Gaslighting, and Religion will be discussed.
Post 1. Donut Hole Controversy: Kylea posted an empty donut hole bag and claimed her sister ate all of them at 3 WW points each. When called out by a follower, Kylea responded with this, "I don't eat donuts. I support other people eating whatever they'd like to eat. What's unhealthy is commenting on other people's food choices.💖💖💖"
Post 2. Using the Pet Cat for Content: This nontent was her male cat's reaction to being told his puppy sister arrives on Sunday.
Post 3. Protein Bar Slip Up: Kylea recycled an old photo of her holding a Barebell protein bar and tried to act like the photo was taken today. 👀
Post 4. Trip Update: Kylea is shopping for puppy bandanas online because Birdie "only" has 6, while her sister drives. She is listening to 🎶 in the car. 💤 This is nontent.
Post 5. "Unhealthy" Food Clapback: Narcissistic, defiant Kylea had to get the last word in.
"I had someone comment that I post a lot of "unhealthy" food for a weight loss page. The point of my page is to show others that all foods are healthy in moderation. What is not healthy, is commenting on other people's food choices. Mind your own plate. 💖 I personally eat very healthy myself but I support all of the people around me in whatever food choices they want to make for their own lives. I will never and have never commented on someone else's food choice for their own lives."
⏸️ This is gaslighting. Here we go...
  1. Kylea is triggered by words like treat, craving, and indulge but was not at the beginning of her weight loss journey.
  2. Kylea is afraid to own a microwave because it could jeopardize her recovery with food addiction and give her quick access to convenient foods. (Please ignore the air fryer and cabinets full of snacks.)
  3. If Kylea does not like what Joe is eating at a restaurant, she has placed the menu between them so she does not have to see it.
  4. Joe is not allowed to have regular condiments in the fridge.
  5. Joe is to "support" her by eating foods he does not prefer at home (most of the time).
  6. Kylea controls what Joe eats when she is away from home.
  7. Please ignore all comments Kylea makes on the Basham and Lee families' social media accounts about food.
  8. Kylea does not eat clean.
  9. She triggers her followers with calorie-dense items on purpose for monetary gain.
  10. Kylea has disordered eating.
If that list isn't enough to question her speech, a follower requested a 24-hour food log and the # of daily WW points Kylea uses. Kylea replied, "after months of bullying over that because of how healthy I do eat, I won't ever do that again. It's for my peace that I no longer do."
📢 To our friends at Meta, why is a "weight loss influencer" allowed to refuse to answer follower questions about WW (her chosen tool) and refuse to provide an example of what she eats in a day? This is the job YOU pay her to do.
Post 6. Alani Nu: Avoid this beverage (200mg caffeine) if you are unsure about your recommended caffeine intake.
Post 7. Trip Update: Her sister drove 6 hours. They have to be at the airport tomorrow at 4 am.
Post 8. Fort Worth Stockyards: This photo editing fail made Kylea appear 8 feet tall with a shrunken head and long extremities. Upon follower questions, she blamed her sister for how she held the phone. 🤔
Post 9. IN-N-Out Burger: Kylea's sister ate a cheeseburger & fries, and Kylea had 2 "protein style" hamburgers she claimed were called "protein burgers." Umm, nope.
Post 10. Shaved Ice: Kylea's sister got the baby size shaved ice, and Kylea got a significantly larger-sized cup.
⏸️ I smirked as Kylea claimed the protein bar was "yummy," the In-N-Out was "really good," and the sugar-free shaved ice, "It is SO good!!," but the giant iced cookie cake slice yesterday was "fine." She loves to gaslight and act holier-than-thou. 😇
Post 11. Whataburger: "Joe" posted his bag of Whataburger after waiting 1.5 hours in the drive-thru on opening day.
⏸️ How are the donut holes, energy drink, cheeseburger and fries, and regular shaved ice Kylea's sister consumed, and Whataburger her husband consumed healthy weight loss content? Why is Meta paying her for this nonsense?
Post 12. Amazon Purchases: "Joe" posted a picture of more puppy items and said, "Can you tell my wife is excited about her new role as dog mom 😂 😂" This is nontent.
Post 13. May 2021 vs Today: Kylea is "forever proud of the girl who changed her entire life -208 lbs."
⏸️ Kylea, you traded addictions. That is not something to be proud of. You are terrified of the scale and heavily modify your photos. That is not something to be proud of, either. You can spend all the money and travel the world but you are not happy. Quite the opposite. Seek medical care. ☮️
Post 14. Final Update: Kylea feels "uplifted" from window shopping at the Stockyards and local Target with her sister, listening to country music.
Takeout Purchases: Donut Holes= $3.50 est; In-N-Out Burger: Cheeseburger & Fries with 2 "Protein-style" Hamburgers (online prices)= $11.75 est; Bahama Buck's Baby & Regular Sized Shaved Ice= $9.18 + tip; Whataburger (unknown food)= $8 est;
Shopping/Travel Expenses: Barebell Protein Bar= $2.45 est; Alani Nu Freezeberry Energy= $2.48 est; Alani Nu Juicy Peach Energy= $2.48 est; Gas Joplin, MO to Fort Worth, TX: (373mi/33mpg) x $3.85 est= $43.52 est; Gas Fort Worth, TX to Dallas, TX: (32mi/33mpg) x $3.85 est= $3.73 est; Hotel (prices by airport used)= $75 est + fees; Bocce's Coconut Macaroon Crunchy Biscuits 5oz bag Qty 2= $12.98 est; Bocce's Sauvignon Bark Soft & Chewy 6oz bag Qty 2= $13.58 est; Bocce's Burger & Fries All-Natural Dog Treats Qty 2= $9.08 est; PetStages Grow-with-Me Ring Dog Chew Toy= $5.24 est; Pet Botanics Training Rewards Soft & Chewy Bacon Flavor 20oz bag Qty 2= $27.98 est; Undercoat Rake Grooming Tool= $10.25 est; Paw Print Cube Fabric Storage Bin= $12.99 est; Baghler Airline Approved Dog Travel Bag Light Pink- A Backpack with Silicone Bowls & Food Baskets= $34.99 est; Fabric Strawberry Harness & Leash= $17.99 est; Black Nylon Training Leash= $8.95 est;
All info from Reddit. ✌️
submitted by DoGsPaWsLoVe to KyleaGomezsnark [link] [comments]

2024.05.15 13:02 BGodInspired Reaching the Heavens: What Can the Tower of Babel Teach Us About Unity and Ambition?

https://bgodinspired.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/1715770331.png

Introduction: Unveiling the Tower of Babel

Have you ever wondered about the origins of our diverse languages? The story of the Tower of Babel, found in Genesis 11:1-9, offers a fascinating glimpse into humanity’s history according to the Bible. This narrative not only explores the reasons behind our linguistic differences but also imparts timeless lessons on unity, ambition, and divine sovereignty. Let’s embark on an insightful journey to uncover the mysteries of the Tower of Babel and its relevance to our modern world.

Understanding the Story of the Tower of Babel

The biblical account of the Tower of Babel is set shortly after Noah’s flood. It describes how the descendants of Noah settled in the land of Shinar (Babylonia) and decided to build a city and a tower “with its top in the heavens.” Their goal was to make a name for themselves and prevent scattering across the earth. This ambition, however, was not in alignment with God’s plan for humanity to replenish and inhabit the whole earth.
God observed their project and decided to confuse their language, making them unable to understand one another. This sudden linguistic diversity caused the people to disperse into separate groups, each speaking a different language. Thus, the city was never completed, and it was called Babel, which means “confusion” in Hebrew, because there the Lord confused the language of the whole earth.

Lessons from the Tower of Babel

Applying the Tower of Babel’s Insights Today

In today’s globalized world, the Tower of Babel’s story resonates in new ways. It reminds us to cherish and respect our linguistic and cultural diversity. It also serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of unchecked ambition and the importance of aligning our goals with broader, community-centered, and divine principles. Let’s take these lessons to heart and strive for a world marked by understanding, cooperation, and respect for God’s sovereign will.

Conclusion: Embracing the Message of the Tower of Babel

The Tower of Babel story is more than an ancient narrative; it’s a source of wisdom and insight for today’s complex, interconnected world. By reflecting on its lessons, we can learn to value diversity, be wary of pride, and acknowledge our limitations while recognizing the importance of pursuing goals in harmony with divine guidance.
Have you experienced the beauty of diverse languages and cultures in your own life? How can we apply the lessons of the Tower of Babel to promote understanding and unity in our communities today? Share your thoughts and insights, and let’s continue to learn from each other and the timeless wisdom of the Bible.
Ready to explore more biblical stories and their life-changing lessons? Stay tuned for more enlightening posts and engage with us in the comments below!
If you want to want to research more Bible Answers on your own, please try our Bible Answers GPT. It’s easy to get lost in the interesting responses you’ll find… every search is like a new treasure hunt 🙂
Source =
submitted by BGodInspired to BGodInspired [link] [comments]

2024.05.15 12:55 banjolebb New reading material

New reading material
Gregg Shorthand Manual, Chapter III
Hello again, I just finished going through chapter 3 and need help reading the following. Unfortunately I've been struggling more and more with the words despite my best effort, the final result I got:
The polo(?) cam(?) will be shot on the film. The ship(?) will(?) ELM(?) tree(?) in the meadow will not FO(?). The OPL(?)(opal?) fan will please Molly Kole. The tog(?) will touch(?) the heavy blow(?). John Kolfin will make a FR(?) go (why not just G?) on the Polish hero. Mr. Pope cannot read the code letter.
Edit: is there anywhere online I can find the transcribed answer?
submitted by banjolebb to greggshorthand [link] [comments]

2024.05.15 12:55 Redfox1476 Resist durge and Wyll/Karlach

Prefacing this to say that I love Karlach to bits (in my "good Tav" run, her speech after we killed Gortash reduced me to tears) but I want to experience other story paths. I don't like playing full-on evil characters (the game doesn't exactly reward such behaviour either), but otoh a fully resisting durge is quite bland tbh, at least in Act 1, so roleplaying a rather conflicted but ultimately resisting durge feels like a good compromise.
My plan is as follows:
* After giving in to his first instincts in the nautiloid and on the beach, start resisting the urge as he realises he needs allies/minions who will trust him
* Stay neutral towards the tieflings bc Zevlor was respectful towards him despite being half-drow
* Turn against the druids bc a) the ones at the grove entrance don't like drow, b) Nettie tried to poison him, and c) Kagha triggered him by threatening Arabella's life
* Feel really guilty after the incident with Alfira and decide to avoid the Grove for a while - hey, Wyll's quest takes him well away from here, let's do that instead!
* Kill Karlach (from a safe distance, bc she looks dangerous) - and then be angry with Wyll for (as he sees it) duping him into killing another tiefling
So far, so good chaotic neutral. But I'm not sure what to do about Wyll - I don't really want him in my party long-term after what happened, but I'm not sure that the usual answers e.g. sacrificing him to BOOOAL, are in character either. Is there any other way to drive him off, short of siding with the goblins (which I don't intend to do - durge has sworn vengeance on whoever did this to him, and that includes anyone connected to the tadpoles, at least at this stage when he doesn't know who's behind his memory loss). I guess he might get killed in combat - warlocks are quite squishy, and those so-called paladins of Tyr are pretty lethal after all - and then I could refuse to resurrect him?
submitted by Redfox1476 to BaldursGate3 [link] [comments]

2024.05.15 12:35 Lillumultipass99 Skill expression, Variety in gameplay and deckbuilding: OP vs Digi vs DBZ

Hello,
as I have been investigating the 3 games recently, I have read quite a bit about each, thought about what I am looking for in a card game...
As such, here are the 3 categories on which I would like your insights, notably for people that have tried different games (including but not limited to those 3):
I am cross-posting this in the 3 forums to get a broad and unbiased answer;-)
thank you !
submitted by Lillumultipass99 to dbsfusionworld [link] [comments]

2024.05.15 12:34 Lillumultipass99 Skill expression, Variety in gameplay and deckbuilding: OP vs Digi vs DBZ

Hello,
as I have been investigating the 3 games recently, I have read quite a bit about each, thought about what I am looking for in a card game...
As such, here are the 3 categories on which I would like your insights, notably for people that have tried different games (including but not limited to those 3):
I am cross-posting this in the 3 forums to get a broad and unbiased answer;-)
thank you !
submitted by Lillumultipass99 to DigimonCardGame2020 [link] [comments]

2024.05.15 12:33 Lillumultipass99 Skill expression, Variety in gameplay and deckbuilding: OP vs Digi vs DBZ

Hello,
as I have been investigating the 3 games recently, I have read quite a bit about each, thought about what I am looking for in a card game...
As such, here are the 3 categories on which I would like your insights, notably for people that have tried different games (including but not limited to those 3):
I am cross-posting this in the 3 forums to get a broad and unbiased answer;-)
thank you !
submitted by Lillumultipass99 to OnePieceTCG [link] [comments]

2024.05.15 12:27 declanthejibber Learning G-Code help!

Hi all! Just getting into CNC and teaching myself G-Code- I'm doing some courses and running CNCSimulator which is awesome but I've got one hang up I can't seem to find an answer for that feels very stupid to have to make a post to ask-
How the fuck do you work out the coordinates from a drawing?
If the code has X5, does that mean it goes up 5 units or 5 mm or inches depending on what it's set to? Does that then become 0 or does the origin stay as 0? Sorry if this is very elementary, but if anyone has some videos or online courses that help get over the entry hump or even just to help me out here would be amazing. Thanks in advance!
submitted by declanthejibber to CNC [link] [comments]

2024.05.15 12:00 The_Way358 Essential Teachings: A Biblical Model of Ethics

Introduction

In this post, we'll be discussing something called "Virtue Ethics." This is a normative theory of ethics that's most associated with Aristotle, though has in recent times experienced a resurgence of sorts from modern philosophers, some of whom have tweaked and modified it, and in doing so have created different branches on this tree of moral theory. We will be comparing these different flavors of Virtue Ethics to that of the New Testament's, pointing out where they're similar, as well as highlighting where the NT differs (and is actually superior) from the heathens' views.
I want to preface all this with a verse and a warning:
"Beware lest any man spoil you through philosophy and vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the rudiments of the world, and not after Christ."-Colossians 2:8
The entire Bible, over and over again, warns against syncretism. It's a running theme throughout to condemn the practice, with this verse being one of the more explicit ones to do so.
Mapping the ideas of Pagans (and especially Greek philosophers) onto the Scriptures has always resulted in people severely misinterpreting the Bible, as looking at the Word of God through a Hellenistic lens is and always has been extremely innapropiate to the author's original intent.
Whenever Greek philosophy or ideas are referenced, they're always portrayed in a bad light or otherwise used to make a point. Examples of the latter could be found in the apostle Paul's writings, as he was a fully educated Roman citizen of his day, and so he made use of known Hellenestic philosophy and literature (that he would have been familiar with) by redefining their terms and ideas in a way that would be consistent with the theology of his own religion. The apostle Peter did the same within his own epistles whenever he mentioned "Tartarus," the abyss/prison for certain disobedient angels that rebelled against God, despite the fact that the word has its roots in Greek mythology and not Hebrew religion (though, the belief that there were a group of spiritual beings that rebelled against the highest authority in the heavens was one technically shared between the two ancient cultures; even if the parties involved were vastly different, as well as the contexts of the rebellion itself).
The affect Hellenstic philosophy has had on the way people think (even subconsciously) can still be felt to this day, and can be seen in the confusion modern "Christianity" has brought on through its adoption of Gnostic teachings such as Dualism or the inherently fatalistic views that many unknowingly hold due to the error of Classical Theism.
While yes, I will be commending the heathen (unbeliever) whenever they are right with their ideas as pertaining to this subject, I will also show where they are wrong.
Let's begin.

"What Is Virtue Ethics?"

First, we need to define some terms and point out the differences between this view and others within the larger debate of normative ethics.
There are three major approaches in normative ethics, those being: Consequentalism, Deontology, and Virtue Ethics. The following are definitions of the terms:
Consequentialism – a class of normative, teleological ethical theories that holds that the consequences of one's conduct are the ultimate basis for judgement about the rightness or wrongness of that conduct.
Deontology – theories where an action is considered morally good because of some characteristic of the action itself, not because the product of the action is good. Deontological ethics holds that at least some acts are morally obligatory regardless of their consequences for human welfare.
Virtue Ethics – theories that emphasize the role of character and virtue in moral philosophy rather than either doing one’s duty or acting in order to bring about good consequences. The virtue ethicist would argue that actions themselves, while important, aren't as important as the character behind them. To the virtue ethicist, consequences are also important, but they would say that good consequences ultimately flow from a virtuous character who has made virtuous decisions. Theories of virtue ethics do not aim primarily to identify universal principles that can be applied in any moral situation, instead teaching that the best decisions can vary based on context, and that there are only some actions that would be universally evil, only because those actions could never flow from a virtuous character in the first place (e.g., rape).
Aristotle's idea of ethics is in an important respect different from most people's, especially today. Heirs as we are to Kant’s idea of duty – there is a right thing that one ought to do, as rational beings who respect other persons – and to Mill’s idea of utility – the right thing to do is that which produces the greatest good for the greatest number – most of us see ethics as concerned with actions. "The function of ethics is to help me see what I ought to do in a given situation," the modern says. Aristotle’s approach was different. His ethic is not so much concerned about helping us to see what we ought to do, as about what sort of person we ought to be.
Aristotle was concerned with character, and with the things that go to make up good and bad character; virtues and vices. His sort of ethic does not look at our action to see if it fulfils our duty, or produces a certain outcome, such as the greatest good of the greatest number, and therefore merits approval. Instead, it looks at us; at the character behind the actions, to see whether we merit approval.
Comparing Virtue Ethics with philosophies such as Deontology and Consequentialism, we are able to divide ethical theories into two kinds; act-centered theories and agent-centered theories. Kant’s (Deontological) and Mill’s (Utilitarian) approaches are act-centered, because they concern themselves with our actions, whilst Aristotle’s is agent-centered because it concerns itself with the character of a person, which in his view was ourselves and our own dispositions that prompt our actions.
Both approaches have ardent present-day advocates, and so both are alive and well. Virtue Ethicists are dissatisfied with the answers ‘modern’ act-centered philosophy offers, and look for a more flexible, person-centered approach that takes more account of the subtle varieties of human motivation. Those in this camp see ethics as being about people – moral agents – rather than merely about actions. Of course, your actions matter. But, for Aristotle and his present day advocates alike, they matter as expressions of the kind of person you are. They indicate such qualities as kindness, fairness, compassion, and so on, and it is these qualities and their corresponding vices that it is the business of ethics to approve or disapprove.
All this seems simple and uncontroversial; there are two ways of looking at an action to evaluate it morally. You can take the action in isolation and judge it, or take the agent and judge him or her.
Virtue ethicists argue that act-centered ethics are narrow and bloodless. What is needed is a richer moral vocabulary than just ‘right and wrong’. There are subtle but important differences between actions that are good because they are kind and those that are good because they are generous, and those that are good because they are just. Likewise, there are subtle but important differences between actions that are bad because they are selfish and those that are bad because they are cruel and those that are bad because they are unfair. These, and many other, distinctions are lost when we talk simply about doing one’s duty, or promoting utility. Questions of motive and of character are lost, in these asceptic terms. Modern moral philosophy won’t do: it is cold, technical and insensitive to the many kinds and degrees of value expressed in human actions. Ethics is more than just thought experiments and hypotheticals about what would be the right course of action to take in any given situation we might conjure up from the comfort of our armchair. Ethics is about doing, and about context and character.

The Different Kinds of "Virtue Ethics"

Virtue Ethics has has been developed in two main directions: Eudaimonism, and agent-based theories.
Eudaimonism (Aristotle's view) bases virtues in human flourishing, where flourishing is equated with performing one’s distinctive function well. In the case of humans, Aristotle argued that our distinctive function is reasoning, and so the life “worth living” is one which we reason well. He also believed that only free men in the upper classes of society (i.e., the aristocrats) could excel in virtue and eschew vice, being that such men had greater access to the means in accomplishing this task as they had the wealth and resources to better perform their distinctive function of 'reasoning,' and thus "live well." For the Eudaimonian, inner dispositions are what one ought to focus on in order to cultivate virtuous traits, and thus a virtuous character.
In contrast, an agent-based theory emphasizes that virtues are determined by common-sense intuitions that we as observers judge to be admirable traits in other people. There are a variety of human traits that we find admirable, such as benevolence, kindness, compassion, etc., and we can identify these by looking at the people we admire, our moral exemplars. Agent-based theories also state that the motivations and intentions behind an action are ultimately what determine whether or not said action is actually virtuous. Whereas Eudaimonism understands the moral life in terms of inner dispositions or proclivities to act in certain ways (whether righteous or wicked, just or unjust, kind or cruel, etc.), agent-based theories are more radical in that their evaluation of actions is dependent on ethical judgments about the inner life of the agents who perform those actions, that is, what the motivations and intents are of a person.
[Note: While both Eudaimonism and agent-based theories are both agent-centered, Eudaimonism is not to be confused with an agent-based theory. Both branches concern themselves more with agents rather than acts themselves, but Eudamonism focuses on the self to improve whereas the agent-based theory focuses on others to improve.]

Common Critcisims Toward Secular Forms of Virtue Ethics

Firstly, Eudaimonism provides a self-centered conception of ethics because "human flourishing" (here defined as simply fulfilling our base function as humans, which is "reason" according to this view) is seen as an end in itself and does not sufficiently consider the extent to which our actions affect other people. Morality requires us to consider others for their own sake and not because they may benefit us. There seems to be something wrong with aiming to behave compassionately, kindly, and honestly merely because this will make oneself happier or "reason well."
Secondly, both Eudaimonism and agent-based theories also don't provide guidance on how we should act, as there are no clear principles for guiding action other than “act as a virtuous person would act given the situation.” Who is a virtuous person? Who is the first or universal exemplar?
Lastly, the ability to cultivate the right virtues will be affected by a number of different factors beyond a person’s control due to education, society, friends and family. If moral character is so reliant on luck, what role does this leave for appropriate praise and blame of the person? For the Eudaimonian, one ought to be born into a status of privilege if they wish to excel in being virtuous. For the proponent of an agent-based theory, one ought to be born into a society or family with good role models and preferably be raised by such, else they have no moral exemplars to emulate.

The New Testament's Virtue Ethic

The New Testament authors didn’t sit down and do a self-consciously philosophical exercise, for this was not what they were concerned with. They were concerned with giving practical instruction to disciples of the faith, and merely trying to express the ethical implications of their spiritual experience. That being said, we know the apostle Paul was familiar with the writings of Aristotle. We can actually identify places where Paul displays knowledge of Aristotle and incorporates some of the philosopher's ideas into his own epistles. Before we do this, however, it's important we refute common misnomers about what the Bible teaches concerning ethics in general.
You probably have heard many attack the ethics of the New Testament as being primitive and simplistic. "God dictates universal commands to follow: 'do not lie,' do 'not divorce,' 'do not insult.' And the only motivating factor is escaping hellfire and obtaining the reward of eternal pleasure." But in reality, this is a gross misrepresentation of the ethics laid out in the NT. I will argue the NT advocates for a form of virtue ethics, instead of claiming the NT contains a form of deontic ethics, as it is so often assumed.
Elizabeth Anscombe was one of the most influential virtue ethicists of the 20th century. Her work helped to revive virtue ethics in the modern era, however she also criticized the ethics of the Bible for promoting a form of ethics different than what Aristotle promoted:
"...between aristotle and us came Christianity, with its law conception of ethics. For Christianity derived its ethical notions from the Torah. (One might be inclined to think that a law conception of ethics could arise only among people who accepted an allegedly divine positive law..." (Modern Moral Philosophy, vol. 33, no. 124, 1-19)
We've already dealt with the issue of the Torah in another post. The Torah is not laying down moral laws, but describing justice in the form of ancient Near Eastern wisdom literature. But does the New Testament teach a deontic form of ethics? Anscombe might appear justified in her claim, as some "Christian" theologians have explicitly taught the ethics of the NT is deontic.
However, other theologians have argued the ethics of the NT is best characterized as a form of virtue ethics. In a study of the NT, we'll support this notion. As noted earlier, one of the central features of this approach to ethics is that the aim of ethics should be on living a virtuous life. Other forms of ethics focus on directing actions when confronted with a moral dilemma, but for virtue ethics every action is a moral or immoral action because all of our actions contribute or do not contribute to living a virtuous life. In other words, for a virtue ethicist, everything we do will contribute to living a fulfilled life. Now, the NT promotes a similar idea with a slight modification. The NT changes the distinctictive function and purpose for man in Eudaimonism from "reasoning" to loving God and others instead, and thus "living well" is changed from self-centered 'flourshing' (as defined by Aristotle) to glorifying God instead. The apostles taught everything we do contributes to living a life that glorifies God:
"Whether therefore ye eat, or drink, or whatsoever ye do, do all to the glory of God."-1 Corinthians 10:31
"And whatsoever ye do in word or deed, do all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God and the Father by him."-Colossians 3:17
So we see the same idea in Paul, that everything we do can be seen as a moral or immoral action. Everything we do should be seen as contributing to living a life that glorifies god or not. As a believer, the aim is not just doing good actions to avoid punishments, but to see everything we do as glorifying God. On secular virtue ethics, all our actions are either advancing a good life or not: nourishing your body contributes to living a good life. In a Biblical context: taking the time to properly dress contributes to living a good life, and not giving into the sin of sloth. So all our actions can be moral actions in this context, and so likewise for Paul and Jesus, all we do can contribute to living a life that glorifies God.
Since God made our bodies to thrive and enjoy life, we should nourish our bodies so we can thrive as God intended for our bodies to do, thus ultimately glorifying Him. Since we were created to experience and feel enjoyment, laughing and enjoying things throughout life glorifies God as well since we're experiencing emotions that God created to be experienced. Everything we do should be to glorify God, and often all that is is living our lives in the way that they were intended to be lived. Biblical ethics is very much more than merely performing right actions, but living a virtuous life that brings glory to God.
As Jesus said:
"Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind."-Matthew 22:37b
It is also important to focus on what it means to love, which is an important aspect of what it means to be a believer. Paul makes the radical claim that to love is the entirety of the law of God:
"For all the law is fulfilled in one word, even in this; Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself."-Galatians 5:14
Jesus also taught that to love God and love others were the two greatest commandments (Mark 12:28-31, Matt. 22:34-40). He also extends the commandment to love beyond one's brethren, and to love our enemies (Matt. 5:44). Loving those around us is central to what it means to be a believer (John 13:34; 15:12-17, Rom. 12:10; 13:8, 1 Cor. 13:1-8; 16:14, 2 Cor. 8:8, Eph. 4:2; 5:2, Phili. 1:9, Heb. 10:24, Jam. 2:8, 1 Pet. 1:22, 1 John 2:10; 3:23).
One might suggest this is no different than the Golden Rule: "Do unto others as you would have them do to you," or a Kantian rule: "I ought never to act except in such a way that I could also will that my maxim should become a universal law." In other words, "to live well is to perform good deeds or actions and nothing more." But an important point about loving someone is it cannot be done through actions alone. For example, one could buy a gift for their spouse to cheer them up. However, one could perform this action merely because they value performing right actions without any love for the person. One could donate to charity because it is the right thing to do, and not because she cares for the people who would benefit. In such scenarios, they can be seen as idolizing moral laws, not necessarily caring about helping others.
But to love someone requires more than merely performing right actions. You cannot love someone and not care about who they are as a person and where they are heading in life. To love is to will the good of the other. Jesus chastised the Pharisees of his day for only performing right actions, but not loving their brethren in their hearts. His criticism follows Matthew chapter 22, where Jesus says the greatest commandments are to love. The implication is the Pharisees perform proper actions, but have the wrong motivations for doing so. James Keenan puts it like this:
"Essential to understanding this command is that we love our neighbors not as objects of our devotion, but rather as subjects; that is, as persons. Thus, we cannot love others only because God wants us to do so, since then we would love them as means or as objects and not as persons. We can only love one another as subjects, just as God loves us." (Jesus and Virtue Ethics: Building Bridges Between New Testament Studies and Moral Theology, pg. 86)
A critic may bring up that verses of the NT are still phrased as commands, and therefore the structure implies duties were the central aspect of Christian ethics. But the importance of duties is not foreign to Virtue Ethics. Instead of being central to the ethical framework, duties flow from a virtuous character. Virtues are active and have certain demands for which a person must fulfill in their active behavior.
According to Aristotle, knowledge of the virtues gives us practical wisdom in how to properly act. Duties flow from the understanding of the demands of virtues. To put it another way, for virtues to manifest in persons, they have certain demands that must be fulfilled. For the believer, the command of love flows from being virtuous and aligning oneself with the character of God. Commitment to the character of Christ, who perfectly carried out the will of the Father, allows us to perform right and proper actions.
The NT also contains lists of virtues the believer ought to emulate, the most famous of these is in Galatians chapter 5:
"But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, Meekness, temperance: against such there is no law." (vss. 22-23)
Now, the connection with Aristotle cannot be more pronounced. The Greek phrase "against such there is no law" is almost identical to what we find in Aristotle's politics (3.13.1284a). It seems clear Paul is teaching a similar ethical framework to what Aristotle advocated for. Paul is teaching that the believing community ought to be persons who display key virtues, and that their conduct would not need to be regulated by a law. Instead, their character should be the standard others can measure themselves by. Romans chapter 2 is also a place we see references to Aristotle, where Paul notes that when Gentiles do what the law requires, they are "a law unto themselves" (vss. 14-15). In other words, they do not need to be told to act a certain way. They have the proper virtuous character that directs their actions, to do the good the law requires. Paul is advocating in Galatians that believers should think in a similar way.
So in Galatians 5, we have affinity with the teachings of Aristotle, and in other lists of virtues throughout the NT we see a similar idea, which is that Christians were meant to display virtues primarily (Rom. 5:3-5, 1 Cor. 13:1-8, Col. 3:12-17, 1 Tim. 3:2-3; 4:7-8, Jam. 3:17-18, 2 Pet. 1:5-8). From that, good deeds will properly manifest in our actions.
Anscombe made a great point on what the focus of ethics should be:
"It would be a great improvement if, instead of 'morally wrong', one always named a genus such as 'untruthful', 'unchaste', 'unjust'. We should no longer ask whether doing something was 'wrong', passing directly from some description of an action to this notion; we should ask whether, e.g., it was unjust; and the answer would sometimes be clear at once." (Modern Moral Philosophy, vol. 33, no. 124, 1-19)
Interestingly enough, Paul lays out a similar idea in explaining Christian ethics:
"Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things. Those things, which ye have both learned, and received, and heard, and seen in me, do: and the God of peace shall be with you."-Philippians 4:8-9
In other words, the central aspect on living a Christian life was on what is virtuous, not on what is lawfully right or wrong. Right actions flow from whatever is honorable, true, and pure. Correlating with this is how Paul responds to the Corinthians who claimed that "all was lawful." Paul reminded them the emphasis is not on what is lawful, but on what is good for building a virtuous character:
"All things are lawful for me, but all things are not expedient: all things are lawful for me, but all things edify not."-1 Corinthians 10:23
One's main focus ought to be on what is good, not on laws that dictate behavior.
One of the key aspects of Virtue Ethics is the idea we ought to learn from virtuous teachers and imitate them. A virtuous character is obtained by imitating what a virtuous person does. This parallels a key aspect of Christian ethics. Imitating Christ was (and still is) crucial to living a virtuous life:
"For even hereunto were ye called: because Christ also suffered for us, leaving us an example, that ye should follow his steps:"-1 Peter 2:21
Paul says in Romans 8:29 that Christians were predestined "to be conformed to the image of his Son." Jesus often taught his followers to do as he does (Matt. 16:24, Mark 8:34, Luke 6:40; 9:23, John 13:15, 34). Paul says in 1st Corinthians 11: Be ye followers [i.e., imitators] of me, even as I also am of Christ" (vs. 1). Hebrews 13:7 says to imitate the faith of the patriarchs. 1st Thessalonians 2:14 says to imitate each other. And jesus taught to imitate the good Samaritan from his parable (Luke 10:37). Imitating virtuous teachers was key for Christian ethics.
Aristotle tended to compare acquiring virtues with that of learning a practical skill, like playing an instrument or learning how to become a builder. Such practical skills are best picked up when trained by a master of that particular skill, because a teacher can always provide more insight through lessons they learn from experience. For example, an expert salesman can provide examples from his experience of what works with specific customers that a sales textbook could never provide. Many professions today require on-the-job training or experience before even hiring an applicant. The reason is: experience is key to learning a profession. Merely acquiring knowledge from a textbook or an instruction manual is often insufficient to master a skill, so why would mastering the skill of virtue be any different?
In the NT, a believer is to see the world through the eyes of Christ and to love as he loved. One cannot learn how to be a virtuous person without knowing what that life would look like. A key component of Christian theology is that the Messiah perfectly represented the Father and His will on earth, to show us how to properly live as God intended for man. This central tenet of the NT aligns well with agent-based theories of Virtue Ethics, and modifies it so that the person of Jesus Christ is the universal exemplar that one is meant to emulate. We are called to imitate him through our actions, thoughts, and desires, and to conform ourselves to the way he lived. As Paul said:
"I am crucified with Christ: nevertheless I live; yet not I, but Christ liveth in me: and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by the faith of the Son of God, who loved me, and gave himself for me."-Galatians 2:20
If learning from Christ is key, we should briefly take a look at the Sermon on the Mount, which is said to be one of Jesus' most important series of teachings. Daniel Harrington notes:
"The sermon begins with nine 'beatitudes' (see 5:3–12) in which Jesus declares as 'happy' or 'blessed' those who practice certain virtues, and promises them an eternal reward and the fullness of God's kingdom." (Jesus and Virtue Ethics: Building Bridges Between New Testament Studies and Moral Theology, pg. 62)
Jesus laid out what a life for those that follow him look like in detail. One ought to be merciful, pure in heart, a peacemaker, thirst for righteousness, etcetera (Matt. 5:2-10). The Sermon does not merely include what right actions are, but includes sections on proper desires. Not only is it wrong to murder, but it is wrong to desire to murder or wish ill on someone (Matt. 5:22). Avoiding adultery is good, but one also should not covet after another man's woman in their heart (Matt. 5:28). In other words, merely avoiding immoral actions is not enough. One must also not desire vices. A believer is called to desire what is good.
The Sermon is not necessarily laying down universal moral commands. For example, Matthew 5:9 says, "Blessed are the peacemakers," but this doesn't imply absolute Pacifism, as it would contradict passages in the Old Testament where it explicitly says there is a time for war (Ecc. 3:8). The point of the Sermon is to teach what a virtuous life ought to look like. A follower of Christ ought to use reason to know what is proper to do in various circumstances. For example, in Matthew chapter 6, Jesus offers guidance on how one ought to pray by presenting the Lord's prayer (vss. 9-15). This is a model of how to pray. It's not a command for followers to always pray in this exact way.
In reality, the Sermon on the Mount mixes in exhortations, parables, hyperbole, declarations, commands, etc. It is best understood as displaying what a virtuous life ought to look like. It's not a law code. Building on this, it's important to understand a proper action is context sensitive. Under Virtue Ethics, one should not necessarily apply a universal maxim to every situation. Sometimes the proper action will depend on what is at stake, who is involved, what is the background, etc. Aristotle advocated against the idea there were fixed universal laws that dictate actions, and instead he argued the right action would depend on the circumstances one finds themselves in. Although the ethics of the NT may be a bit more strict, it still places an emphasis on being sensitive to the context of situations.
In 1st Corinthians chapter 8, Paul lays out instructions on how to deal with meat that has been sacrificed to Pagan idols. Instead of stating an absolute prohibition against meat sacrificed to idols, Paul instructed Christians to use reason to come to the proper ethical decision based on context. In other words, the right action is not determined only by a law. Instead, the Christian had to make the proper decision based on the context: if eating caused another to stumble, then you ought to abstain; if not, then there's no harm done. The value of the action depends on the context.
A Deontologist might reply that there's still a universal law given here: that one should always abstain if it's going to cause another to stumble. This objection can be addressed by asking: how are we to know if eating the meat will cause another believer to stumble? To answer such a question, one must be sensitive to the context, which in this case would be knowledge of the fellow believer and your relation to him. It is the context that determines the right action, not a universal law. Moreover, Paul states that the primary goal for the believer should be to love (1 Cor. 13). The first consideration is once again not the rightness of action, but having love for one another. From this, knowledge of the proper action will follow.
Paul often explains that living a proper life as a believer will take work and practice. He reminded Timothy to attend readings, practice what these things mean, and keep a close watch on himself (1 Tim. 4:13-14). Elsewhere, he directs that all believers must work on their faith (Phili. 2:12). Beyond this, he also noted that not all Christians would have the same gifts, and to accept that this was normal (1 Cor. 12). For some, certain things may be a hindrance, whereas for others it is acceptable (Rom. 14:2-4). What matters is that we love and build one another up (1 Thess. 5:11). Right actions flow from love and knowledge of virtue. Rules are not the primary motives that dictate our actions; rules are secondary in this regard.
An interesting case can be studied with regards to divorce in the Gospels. Jesus preaches against divorce (Mark 10:7-9) and it is often interpreted to mean "divorce is always wrong, regardless of circumstances." However, it should be noted the prohibition on divorce is not a universal law. The context can affect whether or not a divorce is permissible. Jesus says that one can divorce over sexual immorality. Paul also has a situation where divorce is permissible, namely if one spouse is an unbeliever and wishes to leave (1 Cor. 7:15). The implication one can derive is divorce is not ideal, but there are circumstances where it may be the proper action to take. Given the other features of Christian Virtue Ethics we already covered, the proper action to take will depend on the circumstances and what the virtuous agent thinks is the most loving thing to do. A universal prohibition on divorce is not a Christian ethic. Instead, one ought to discern the proper action from circumstances. However, it's clear in most cases divorce would not be the virtuous thing to do.
Building on this, it's important to note that within NT ethics, certain acts are always wrong. For example, idolatry and sexual immorality are always wrong (1 Cor. 10:14, Col. 3:15, 1 Pet. 4:13). There are no possible scenarios where it would be okay to rape, because such an act would never flow from a virtuous character. But this concept is not foreign to theories of Virtue Ethics. Aristotle noted that for some actions, no qualifications could make them virtuous. Actions such as rape or murder are always wrong, because they would never flow from a virtuous character. So it's not as if a Virtue Ethicist cannot claim that some actions are always wrong. They simply are qualified as being unable to flow from virtue, whereas actions like lying or waging war could be considered virtuous for the right reason.
Now, despite Christian Virtue Ethics having many similarities with Eudaimonism (Aristotelian ethics), there are also numerous differences beyond what we've already noted. One of the deficiencies of how Aristotle lays out his ethical theory is that it is essentially an all-boys club. Aristotle writes mainly to aristocratic men, excluding women and slaves. In his view, women were inferior to men and slaves lacked the necessary rational faculty. But the Christians rejected this mentality, as the teachings of Christ and the apostles were available to all (Matt. 28:19). Paul said, "There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus" (Gal. 3:28). Peter wrote that all Christians were part of the priesthood of Christ (1 Pet. 2:5). Jesus had women followers (Luke 8:2-3), and they were entrusted with delivering revelation (Mark 15:40–16:8). What we find throughout the NT is a radical change to how women were viewed in the ancient world. Paul is also likely building on Aristotle's household structure and refining it. David deSilva says the household codes of the NT are "...following the pairs laid out as early as Aristotle to such a degree as to suggest that these were standard topics in ethical instruction" (Honor, Patronage, Kinship & Purity, pg. 231). But Paul adds an important preface: submitting to one another out of reverence for Christ (Eph. 5:20-21). DeSilva says:
"...husbands, we cannot then ignore the distinctively Christian addition they bring to this arrangement; husbands are to be subject to their wives as well." (Honor, Patronage, Kinship & Purity, pg. 233)
Thus Paul doesn't break down the traditional perspective on the structure of the family, but he does add the idea that we all must submit to each other in reverence, love, unity, and cooperation because all are equal before God. There is no explicit mention in the NT calling for the abolishment of slavery, but it should be noted that Paul taught that slaves should be seen as equals. In the letter to Philemon, Paul is clear that his slave is no longer "as a servant, but above a servant, a brother beloved" (vs. 16). Thus, within Christian ethics class distinctions were supposed to evaporate. All were brothers and sisters of one family.
An important aspect of Christian ethics is that it wasn't a standalone ethical theory. It's embedded in the larger Christian worldview. The ethical framework is dependent on Christian doctrines. For Aristotle, his ethical theory is for men who were raised well. This is why these specific men desire to be virtuous and perform right actions. As for why the believer does good and desires to be virtuous, it's not because one was raised well, but because they have been activated by the power of God's Spirit (John 3:6, 1 Cor. 12:13). For believers, the reason as to why we desire to be good and virtuous is because the Spirit of God has regenerated us. He loves us so we can love others (1 John 4:19). One is meant to look to the life of Christ and what he has done by dying on the cross, to know that we are loved and forgiven. This in turn is meant to activate a good life, having seen what we have gained and been forgiven of. He calls and activates us to do similar to those around us. This is a more open system for people of all groups and classes. One only has to call upon the name of the Lord to be included. It does not require a specific gender or to be raised a certain way.
The goal of Aristotelian ethics is to achieve 'eudaimonia.' However, within the Bible the goal is as the Westminster Shorter Catechism puts it: "Man's chief end is to glorify God, and enjoy Him forever." Since the central aspect of Biblical Eschatology is that humans will continue on forever in resurrected bodies, the aim of ethics is more than living a good life presently. Living a good life now is important, but it was only one aspect in the Christian worldview. Humans are meant to live beyond this life, so the aim is also about building virtuous souls that will continue on. The importance of this is more crucial than it may seem at first. Paul said that we must all appear before judgment, so that "every one may receive the things done in his body, according to that he hath done, whether it be good or bad" (2 Cor. 15:10).
Being a virtuous person requires integrity, because one will still have to answer to God after death. If one can commit an evil act and no one finds out, then from the outside perspective he or she may still appear virtuous. Culturally speaking, the ancient world was very different from our own. All wrongdoings centered around public honor and shame. One did good to receive public honor, and one did not do what was bad to receive public shame. Right and wrong were connected to one's public honor and shame in the ancient Greco-Roman world. Thus good and evil were public ideas, not personal ideas. Ethical demands were grounded in the community in one's public appearance
The Biblical idea of an omniscient God who cared about our ethical status laid a foundation for integrity and personal guilt to emerge. Now one ought to do good because he is beholden to God, not just the community. Believers are to remain focused on God's approval and on the actions that lead them, regardless of the world's response. This lays down fertile ground for integrity to emerge. So the Biblical worldview has another important element built in that encourages ethical behavior, regardless of the honor it brings. One ought to do good because of a commitment to God not, because it might bring honor to one's name publicly.

Implications for Preterists

Paul believed that the Second Coming would happen in his generation, and prescribed certain things in the NT on the basis of that belief. An example of an exhortation that would no longer apppy to us today would be 1st Corinthians 7:24-29, where Paul argues that the times him and his fellow Christians were in called for celibacy, being that the Lord was fast approaching. It wasn't a sin if you did get married, of course; it was just harder to serve the Lord in this context if you had a family to worry about. Thus, Paul encouraged being single.
So, we need to be careful when reading the NT and determining what prohibitions or exhortations are still applicable to us today. Context is key.
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2024.05.15 11:45 No_Dig1868 Top 10 Doctors Around The World

Health is our greatest treasure and with incredible specialists. We all know that there is a better chance for a healthier population.
The government has established a massive number of health institutes or health caring centers in their countries so that people should not compromise when it comes to health.
Also Read: Top 10 Countries That Produce the Most Doctors
List Of Top 10 Doctors Around The World
Here is a list of the 10 best doctors in the world:
  1. Dr. William A. Abdu, M.D, M.S.
Dr. Abdu is an Associate Professor of Orthopedics and of The Dartmouth Institute Medical Director at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
Dr. Abdu got his accreditation in 1985 from Tufts University. He is a pioneer in the study and treatment of spine-related conditions. He hones surgery of the Spine, including Cervical, Thoracic and Lumbar Disorders, Disk Herniation, Spinal Stenosis, Spondylolisthesis, Spondylotic Myelopathy, Spinal Cord Injury, and Spine Trauma. Also, he had discovered many new techniques for spine treatment.
  1. Dr. Myles. B. Abbott, M.D.
Dr. Myles is also one of the best-known doctors of Pediatricians in the world. He graduated from the University of Miami Leonard M Miller School of Medicine in 1972. He treats the problems of growth and child development.
Dr. Myles currently practices at East Bay Pediatric & Medical Group and is affiliated with Alta Bates Summit Medical Center Alta Bates Campus and Children’s Hospital & Research Center Oakland.
  1. Dr. Fouad. M. Abbas, M.D.
Dr. Abbas is a well-known Gynecologist/Oncologist. His specialization field is Oncologist of Obstetrician and Gynecology. He is also considered to be one of the best doctors of Oncology in the world. The term Oncology is the study of cancer.
Dr. Abbas graduated from the University of Maryland School of Medicine in 1986. Currently, he is affiliated with Medstar Harbor Hospital and Sinai Hospital Of Baltimore.
  1. Dr. Khalid Abbed, M.D.
Dr. Khalid is a famous doctor of Neuro. He is an Associate Professor and Chief of the Spine Section in the Department of Neurosurgery. His area of clinical interest is in the treatment of spinal disorders.
Dr. Khalid obtained his bachelor’s degree in Biological Sciences from the University of Illinois in Champaign-Urbana in 1993. He continued his education in the same University and received his Doctor of Medicine degree with Honors in 1999. Currently, he is working at Yale as a Director of the Spine Surgery Department. Many consider him the best doctor in the world.
  1. Dr. Naresh Trehan
Dr. Naresh is a famous Indian cardiovascular and cardiothoracic surgeon. He was born on August 12, 1946, in Delhi, India. He obtained a medical degree from King George’s Medical College in Lucknow.
Dr. Naresh was also the founder, executive director, and chief cardiovascular surgeon of Escorts Heart Institute and Research Center (EHIRC), New Delhi, India. At present, he is serving as a Chairman and Managing Director and Chief Cardiac Surgeon of MedantaTM-The Medicity, one of the largest multi-specialty hospitals at Gurgaon, Haryana.
  1. Dr. Arthur Reese Abright, M.D.
Dr. Reese is also one of the best doctors of Psychiatry. She treats the problems of depressions and mind-related problems.
Dr. Reese got her accreditation from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School. She is also an expert on mood disorders and anxiety. Currently, she is working as a Professor of Psychiatry at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. She is also affiliated with Mount Sinai Services Elmhurst Hospital Center and New York Medical College at present.
  1. Dr. Corrie T.M Anderson, M.D.
Dr. Anderson is also one of the best doctors in Pediatric Anesthesiologist around the world. He received his A.B. with Honors in Biochemistry from Harvard University and Doctor of Medicine (M.D) from Stanford University School of Medicine in 1982. He can be truly crowned as “world best doctor”.
In 2001, Dr. Anderson became the director of the program for Pediatric Pain Medicine in the Department of Anesthesiology at Seattle Children’s Hospital. He is also a professor of anesthesiology and associate professor of pediatrics at the University of Washington School of Medicine.
  1. Dr. Mark. F. Aaron, M.D.
Dr. Aaron is also one of the best doctors in cardiologists. His specialization is Cardiovascular Disease. The term Cardiology is related to the heart and its problems.
Dr. Aaron got his accreditation from the Duke University School of Medicine in 1992. Currently, he is affiliated with River Park Hospital, Saint Thomas West Hospital, and Henry County Medical Center.
  1. Dr. Sudhansu Bhattacharyya, MBBS, MS, MCH
Dr. Sudhansu is also one of the best Indian Cardiovascular Surgeons. He obtained MBBS and M.S. General Surgery from Ahmedabad. He had invented, designed, and patented a few surgical instruments, the most important ones being Atrial Retractor for Mitral Valve Replacement and Internal Mammary Artery Retractor for taking down bilateral Internal Mammary Arteries.
Before entering into the practice world, Dr. Sudhansu served as a full-time Professor for Cardiothoracic surgery at Sheth G.S. Medical College & K.E.M. Hospital. At present, he is affiliated with Bombay Hospital And Medical Research Center, Breach Candy Hospital, Mumbai, and Lilavati Hospital & Research Center, Mumbai.
10. Dr.Mona.M.Abaza, M.D.
Dr. Abaza is a specialized doctor in ENT Otolaryngologist, Adenoidectomy, esophagoscopy, Nasal airway surgery, and tracheostomy. She is a world-famous ENT Doctor and treats problems of the ear, head, nose, throat, and neck.
Dr. Abaza graduated from the Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1991. She is affiliated with Children’s Hospital Colorado At Memorial Hospital Central and the University Of Colorado Hospital.
Conclusion
Since the dawn of time, the profession of a doctor is one of the most appreciated jobs in the world. Being a doctor implies a great responsibility, as almost every day the nature of somebody’s life (or the life itself) is in their hands. Since the medical field is a vast and ever-expanding field, there is no direct answer to who is the best doctor in the world. Doctors are specialized and trained in different field
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2024.05.15 11:29 alphariusomega123 clarifying things about the story of Final Crisis: Superman Beyond that many people didn't understand (long post).

clarifying things about the story of Final Crisis: Superman Beyond that many people didn't understand (long post).
Although it will soon be 16 years since its publication, the story of Final Crisis: Superman Beyond continues to be a source of misinformation and controversy. Whether due to Grant Morrison's particular way of telling stories, whether due to his strongly metaphorical writing or simply poor reading comprehension (something that seems to abound among comic book readers), there are many elements that are still a matter of debate about the same.
For these reasons, I decided to make this article, where I will try to resolve the most frequently asked questions about this story, and above all, clarify the power of the Thought Robot.
Without further ado, let's start by explaining the context and then what interests everyone.
1) WHAT HAPPENS IN FINAL CRISIS: SUPERMAN BEYOND?:
Superman Beyond is, above all, a story about the concept of stories and the role of superheroes in them in the DC universe. For those who haven't read it, I'm going to do a super quick summary: during the Final Crisis, Lois falls seriously ill and is admitted to the Metropolis hospital. Then Superman is visited by Zillo Valla, one of the monitors, who offers him the chance to save her wife in exchange for helping her save the multiverse.
Zillo has also recruited other Supermans from different universes with similar promises, including Overman, Captain Adam, Shazam from Earth-4, and Ultraman from the antimatter universe. Zillo's ship is attacked and ends up crashing into Limbo. There, Superman and Shazam find an infinite book that reveals the origin story of the monitors and about the enemy they face, known as Mandrakk, the dark monitor.
When Mandrakk's forces attack Limbo, Captain Adam manages to contact the Monitor-Mind, and uses that knowledge to merge the consciousnesses of Superman and Ultraman, which ascend to a higher dimension (the sphere of the monitors) and activate the Thought Robot, a weapon created to combat Mandrakk. There, Superman is greeted by Monitor Weeja Dell, and the Monitors' true nature is revealed as parasites that feed on the Bleed.
Mandrakk was banished for forcing them to confront this fact. Finally, Mandrakk appears and kills Zillo Valla, but Superman manages to defeat him by expelling him into the Overvoid. Superman carves words into a tomb and takes a vial of refined Bleed with him before returning to Limbo, where he and the other Supermans destroy Mandrakk's army. Lois is saved from her when Superman transfers the Bleed extract to her with a kiss.
Ultimately, Ultraman is turned into a vampire by Rox Ogama, Mandrakk's disciple, who swears revenge, and it is revealed that the words Superman carved into the tomb were "To be continued...", in reference to the cyclical nature of Ultraman's history. superhero comics.
2) ABOUT THE NAME "COSMIC ARMOR":
Before continuing with the explanations, it is important that we clarify that, contrary to popular belief, the robot used to fight Mandrakk is not called "Cosmic Armor". "Cosmic Armor" is an adjective that Mandrakk uses to refer as a mockery to this robot in two moments of the fight (which are actually the same, only one is a flashforward), but this is not a real title, nor much less is it called that.
https://imgur.com/a/R8TYnL1
https://imgur.com/a/tf4qLk2
And the truth is that the name of the machine is... well it has no official name. At no point in the comic is he assigned a specific name. The closest is when, on two occasions, two characters refer to it as a "Thought Robot" or a "Thought Robot": once by Captain Adam and once by Weeja Dell.
https://imgur.com/a/uDED6zM
https://imgur.com/a/amC6YiN
And that's basically what it is: a living weapon with a body of pure thought, created to combat the ultimate enemy. So the most correct name to refer to the entity is Thought Robot, and not "Cosmic Armor", since it is not even armor.
https://imgur.com/a/WcVSjOk
https://imgur.com/a/amC6YiN
3) THE BOOK OF INFINITE PAGES:
One of the most controversial moments in the comic occurs when Superman and Shazam hold a book with infinite pages, and said book is later lifted by Ultraman, who claims to have read the last page. This makes many wonder if it is a legitimate feat, since it implies that Superman and Shazam have infinite strength and that Ultraman is stronger than both of them combined. The reality of the feat is much more complex.
https://imgur.com/a/0qqiXIX
The context behind the book is that this is a literal plot device that, symbolizing the infinite monkey theorem (Merryman makes the reference), retroactively contains every possible book in the DC universe. The infinite pages of the book occupy the same physical space (so the mass is ambiguous), due to which Superman and Shazam could not read it and tried to take it to Zillo Valla's ship.
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teorema_del_mono_infinito
https://imgur.com/a/uGHROmM
They fail, and instead, the book reveals the existence of the Monitor-Mind and the history of the Monitors, causing Shazam to have a premonition with the key to defeating Mandrakk. Which means that, of the infinite stories in the book, Superman and Shazam only access one, the original story about the same story concept. Now, many say that the book cannot be infinite because Ultraman moves it and claims that it has an end. This is wrong.
https://imgur.com/a/FHzOHZj
https://imgur.com/a/I2XSYrg
Ultraman can see the end of the book and move it because the book is, as we have already said, a literal representation of all the DC stories, and Mandrakk was destroying those same stories and moving towards the multiverse. That's why Ultraman says that "evil wins in the end." The meaning behind this symbolism is that superhero stories are infinitely cyclical and these can only end if evil defeats good, which would make the book stop being infinite as there are no more stories.
https://imgur.com/a/DSUMTg3
In short, the feat is legitimate, but only because the book was no longer infinite as Mandrakk destroyed the stories he tells. We'll talk about Mandrakk's plot manipulation below. Breathe easy Superman nerfers, you no longer need to continue inventing far-fetched excuses to nerf the character you hate.
4) HOW BIG IS THE THOUGHT ROBOT?:
This issue has been highly debated over the years due to the lack of reading comprehension of many readers, ranging from people who claim that it is only 6 meters tall because it is a little bigger than the monitors to those who say it is bigger than the entire omniverse (?). To understand the reality about the size of the Thought Robot, it is essential to first know its history.
The Monitor-Mind sent a probe to examine a"glitch" (which was, in fact, the stories concept) within itself, and said probe would eventually split into two halves, one of which would become a Thought Robot, at the same time the fault was sealed behind it with divine metals, giving rise to the orrery of worlds. The sphere and civilization of the monitors was formed around said structure.
https://imgur.com/a/kdMn6Mq
In this place we can see how this Thought Robot has a size similar to that of the planetarium (and in passing "billions of worlds" are mentioned, denying that there are only 52 universes), which is consistent with that shown in the flashbacks. The famous scene that many believe is the Though Robot "lifting" a galaxy with a fingernail (it's not actually lifting anything) is, in fact, Limbo, which looks this small when viewed from this sphere.
https://imgur.com/a/VEBRwAG
https://gyazo.com/303e8d116a036fac1985c79dcae06843
Zillo Valla herself explains that mere nanomachines of the monitors are already gigantic war machines from the perspective of the realms below their sphere, including the sphere of the gods. So yes, the robot is bigger than universes and multiverses... simply because in the sphere of the monitors, everything that is on a human scale is already bigger than universes and multiverses.
5) HOW POWERFUL IS THE THOUGHT ROBOT?:
With the above, one could make the mistake of thinking that Mandrakk and the Thought Robot are only powerful because of their size relative to the planes lower than these, but nothing could be further from the truth. A casual attack from Mandrakk was enough to instantly kill Zillo Valla in the monitor sphere, and the Thought Robot withstood many attacks like that.
https://imgur.com/a/OCxkVE8
He also shook the entire sphere of monitors with his mere activation, which surrounds and is larger than the sphere of the gods, the planetarium of worlds and all the multiverses of these plus his bleedspace combined. He also devastated Nil in her clash against Mandrakk, city of the monitors, and cornerstone of the multiverse or even "a multiverse of multiverses", which also occupies an appreciable part of the sphere. (If you know a little about DC cosmology, I think there is no need on my part to explain his power level with the above.)
https://gyazo.com/303e8d116a036fac1985c79dcae06843
https://imgur.com/a/XpjAsRJ
https://imgur.com/a/pAcRKQT
https://imgur.com/a/Bpyo1UI
https://imgur.com/a/AG3OTvh
https://imgur.com/a/XpjAsRJ
Unfortunately there is not much about his speed, although it is implied that he perceives the entirety of space-time in a non-linear manner, as well as being able to dodge Mandrakk's attacks, to which the monitors cannot react, and these scale above of the elves of the fifth dimension. So this is clearly incommensurable.
https://imgur.com/a/amC6YiN
https://imgur.com/a/ZIh5oXn
In short, an extremely powerful character.
6) WHAT ARE THE SKILLS OF THE THOUGHT ROBOT?:
One of the great ironies of the Superman Beyond story is that Mandrakk is unaware that he is Dax Novu and Thought Robot one of his original halves until the end of himself. For this reason, they both possess similar powers and abilities. On the part of the Thought Robot, it showed a very powerful reactive evolution that allows it to instantly adapt to any threat, so that the stronger Mandrakk became, the stronger he also became.
https://imgur.com/a/vzZQHTE
https://imgur.com/a/amC6YiN
https://imgur.com/a/pAcRKQT
He also demonstrated the ability to break the fourth wall, extending his hand to directly touch the reader (the original comic included 3D glasses to do the effect), denoting a certain superiority with respect to conventional DC narrative. He also possesses transdualism, being activated by the contradictory essences of Superman and Ultraman (Captain Adam himself states that there are no dualities, only symmetries).
https://imgur.com/a/rsZtCAU
https://imgur.com/a/uURRUj2
https://imgur.com/a/tSuw958
https://imgur.com/a/Y4TWipN
By the words of Captain Adam himself, Superman now shares (or even surpasses) his understanding of reality, which implies a high level of cosmic senses that translate into what was already mentioned above. Grant Morrison also considers that both this being and Mandrakk possess conceptual manipulation, respectively embodying various contradictory concepts such as good and evil, black and white, is and is not, etc.
https://imgur.com/a/Y4TWipN
https://www.ign.com/articles/2009/02/03/inside-the-mind-of-grant-morrison?page=3
It is also well served with resistance: it is a body of pure thought, so the manipulation of matter, soul or reality would be ineffective against it. Also the manipulation of the mind, since after Limbo, memory ceases to have meaning. Additionally, he resisted being destroyed by a self-assembled hyper-story created by Mandrakk, so he is also resistant to plot manipulation.
https://imgur.com/a/WcVSjOk
https://imgur.com/a/XpjAsRJ
https://imgur.com/a/ZIh5oXn
Lastly, both he and Mandrakk are resistant to existential erasure and void manipulation, as they were both originally part of the Monitor-Mind. In fact, Mandrakk survived a free fall into the Overvoid which is mentioned to have erased even his very idea, as seen in The Unexpected #2 and explained in The Unexpected #5.
https://imgur.com/a/DgFCJn0
https://imgur.com/a/vzZQHTE
https://imgur.com/a/TL4Qz8I
https://imgur.com/a/qriylYT
7) DAX NOVU AND ROX OGAMA:
A very common confusion that I regularly see is seeing people confuse Dax Novu with Rox Ogama. I don't blame them, since they both call themselves "Mandrakk" and are physically very similar. The problem with this confusion is that it leads many people to draw wrong conclusions about the character's power level and spread misinformation under the well-worn pretext of consistency. However, they are not the same character.
The first thing to know is that "Mandrakk" is the title by which the dark monitor is known, but it is not the real name of either of the two. The Mandrakk we talk about in this article is Dax Novu, who was the first monitor to assume the title; The Mandrakk who appears at the end of Superman Beyond and Final Crisis is Rox Ogama, who assumes the title after Dax Novu's apparent death following his battle with the Thought Robot.
https://imgur.com/a/gAUGtlw
https://imgur.com/a/KR1lTWi
Of course, they are not even remotely comparable in power: Rox Ogama became more powerful than a regular monitor thanks to constantly vampirizing the bleed, but ended up pulverized by a joint attack by the Green Lantern Corps; Dax Novu not only survived his battle with the Thought Robot, but also with the Unexpected, which is why he is still alive today.
https://imgur.com/a/V94hAdH
https://imgur.com/a/qriylYT
https://imgur.com/a/RwCvEgz
8) IS THIS THE MOST POWERFUL VERSION OF SUPERMAN?:
Technically this is not a "version" of Superman, as the events of Superman Beyond occur within the main Post Crisis continuity. Strictly speaking, it's not about Superman either, since the Thought Robot is something external to him that is managed jointly by his and Ultraman's consciousness. Rather than a version, it would be more appropriate to classify this being as a "mecha".
All those technicalities aside, yes, this is by far the most powerful Superman. By Captain Adam's indirect admission, he cannot even compare to this being, and Captain Adam is already one of the most powerful Supermans in the multiverse. Strange Visitor at most scales above Mister Mxyzptlk, and Prime-Superman (often incorrectly called "One Million") showed nothing remotely similar.
https://imgur.com/a/tSuw958
9) IS THIS ONE OF THE MOST POWERFUL BEINGS IN DC?:
The answer is an obvious no. While this entity is extremely powerful even by comic book standards, it is still a long way from being able to measure up to the top tiers of the verse. Both Perpetua and her children greatly surpass him in power and size, and we know that in turn beings that rise from her have no rival within the multiverse and can destroy its entirety, including the sphere of the monitors.
https://imgur.com/a/KhxJz4o
https://imgur.com/a/LU0PjPH
https://imgur.com/a/0yZXbaA
Similarly, Mandrakk damaged him beyond repair, and we know from Justice League Incarnate that Mandrakk is a mere avatar of The Great Darkness, along with beings that scale from Perpetua like The Batman Who Laughs. In turn, The Great Darkness is an opponent or rival of The Light / Monitor-Mind, with The Great Darkness being in turn an avatar of Lucifer, if we take vol 3 as canonical. (clarified that I'm not saying it is but it would only be if someone took it into their personal headcanon with current information).
https://imgur.com/a/O2R8CmU
https://imgur.com/a/rlQX8vT
https://imgur.com/a/JmsFFRl
https://imgur.com/a/RyF0LZP
https://imgur.com/a/6EaO4NM
Finally, Lucifer himself is a creation of The Presence to define himself in the face of the nothingness that entails embodying the sum of all concepts, according to his own words. We also cannot forget beings like the Eternals, with the entire multiverse of Perpetua (including the sphere of the gods) being among the things within the book of Destiny.
https://imgur.com/a/odFhCkM
https://imgur.com/a/XpjAsRJ
In short, the Thought Robot is very high on DC's power scale, but it is not even remotely among the strongest.
Anyway, I hope you have a good day/afternoon/night or when you read this, I for one will go to sleep.
submitted by alphariusomega123 to PowerScaling [link] [comments]

2024.05.15 11:27 DaisyCove Filler help?

Filler help?
Filler help?
Hola, I’m pretty good at dying my hair vibrant colours, however I am gonna see how I feel with a natural colour but it’s not really my area of expertise😂 I currently have level 10 I reckon, just bleached today from blue (hair gods watching over me cause idk how it went to blonde after ONE bleach((blue bleach powder, 40vol developer)Ill attach pics). so I know this much- I need to add a filler before going more than 2 levels. The blonde I bought is in the pics also, and that’s what I’m seeing if I suit so hoping to go that colour. So my questions are (that I can’t seem to find answers to specifically for me)
1) what do I use? Bonus points for product items especially ones I can get in aus 2) would a copper infused shampoo do the job as a filler before the blonde dye? 3) will I even need a filler to achieve this level?
Pls don’t say ‘gO tO a PrOfEssIoNal’, I will politely not interact with those comments so thanks in advance if you were gonna say that. I’ve been dying my own hair for 15 years, but I have never tried to stay a blonde colour so just seeing if someone’s done a filler before and can guide me in the right direction!
submitted by DaisyCove to HairDye [link] [comments]

2024.05.15 11:15 tempmailgenerator Ensuring Line Break Preservation in JavaScript for Email Content

Handling Textarea Input for Email Bodies in JavaScript

When dealing with web forms, particularly textareas where users can input free-form text, one common challenge is ensuring that the input is accurately represented in the final output, such as an email body. This is crucial in JavaScript-driven applications, where the dynamic nature of content handling often leads to formatting issues, especially with line breaks. Users expect their input, including paragraphs and line breaks, to be preserved exactly as they have entered it when this information is transmitted via email or displayed on another platform. This expectation aligns with the natural flow of written communication, where line breaks are used to separate thoughts, paragraphs, and sections for better readability.
However, the standard behavior of HTML and email clients strips out these crucial line breaks when displaying text, leading to a block of text that can be hard to read and loses the original formatting intended by the user. Addressing this challenge requires a nuanced understanding of JavaScript and how it interacts with HTML and email formats. By employing specific techniques and code adjustments in JavaScript, developers can ensure that user-entered text is displayed with the intended formatting in emails, thus improving the overall user experience and communication clarity. This introduction will explore these techniques and provide a foundation for implementing solutions that preserve line breaks and formatting.
Command Description
replace(/\n/g, ' ') Replaces newline characters with HTML line break tags to preserve text formatting in HTML contexts.
encodeURIComponent() Encodes a URI component by replacing each instance of certain characters by one, two, three, or four escape sequences representing the UTF-8 encoding of the character.

In-depth Exploration: Preserving User Input Across Platforms

When users input text into a textarea on a web form, they often include line breaks and spacing with the expectation that these formatting choices will be preserved, whether the text is sent in an email, stored in a database, or displayed on another webpage. This expectation stems from the intuitive understanding of text formatting where line breaks signify pauses or separate ideas, crucial for the readability and comprehension of the text. However, the inherent challenge lies in the way different platforms and technologies interpret and display these line breaks. In HTML, for example, line breaks entered by users are not automatically translated into visible line breaks on the webpage. Instead, they are treated as whitespace, leading to a continuous block of text unless explicitly formatted using HTML tags like for line breaks or
for paragraphs. This discrepancy between user input and system output necessitates a careful approach in handling and displaying user-generated content.
To ensure that text input retains its intended formatting across various outputs, developers must employ specific techniques. For instance, when preparing text input for inclusion in an email body or for display on a webpage, replacing newline characters (\n) with HTML line break tags ( ) is a common practice. This replacement can be done programmatically using JavaScript, ensuring that the text appears to the recipient or on the webpage exactly as the user intended, with all line breaks and paragraph separations intact. Additionally, when sending text over a URL, such as in a mailto link, it's essential to URL-encode the text to ensure that line breaks and special characters are correctly interpreted by email clients. This process involves converting the text into a format that can be transmitted over the Internet without losing its structure, using functions like encodeURIComponent in JavaScript. These practices are crucial for maintaining the integrity of user input across platforms, enhancing user experience by respecting their formatting choices.

Preserving Textarea Input for Email Formatting

JavaScript snippet
const textareaContent = document.getElementById('textarea').value; const formattedContent = textareaContent.replace(/\n/g, '
'); document.getElementById('preview').innerHTML = formattedContent;

Encoding Textarea Content for URL

JavaScript for Email Links
const textareaContent = document.getElementById('textarea').value; const encodedContent = encodeURIComponent(textareaContent); window.location.href = `mailto:someone@example.com?body=${encodedContent}`;

Enhancing User Experience Through Text Formatting

Text formatting in web applications, especially when dealing with user input in textareas, plays a critical role in user experience. Preserving the formatting such as line breaks and spaces as entered by the user is crucial for several reasons. First, it ensures that the message's intent and tone are communicated effectively. Line breaks often serve to emphasize points, separate thoughts, or organize content in a readable manner. Without these, text can become a dense and challenging block to navigate, potentially leading to misunderstandings or misinterpretations of the intended message. This is particularly important in contexts like email communication, where clarity and precision are paramount.
Secondly, maintaining the original formatting entered by users when their input is transferred to an email body or another output format respects the user's expression. This not only improves the overall user experience by validating the user's input as valued but also minimizes the need for manual corrections or formatting adjustments post-transfer. Techniques to preserve line breaks, such as converting newline characters to HTML tags or encoding them for URL transmission, are essential skills for developers. These methods ensure that applications handle user input intelligently, reflecting the care and consideration of the user's intentions, ultimately leading to more polished and professional communication.

Frequently Asked Questions on Text Formatting

  1. Question: Why are line breaks important in text input?
  2. Answer: Line breaks help separate thoughts, organize content, and improve readability, making the text easier to understand and follow.
  3. Question: How can I preserve line breaks in HTML?
  4. Answer: Use JavaScript to replace newline characters (\n) with HTML line break tags ( ) when displaying user input on a webpage.
  5. Question: What function is used to encode text for a URL?
  6. Answer: The encodeURIComponent() function in JavaScript is used to encode text, including spaces and line breaks, for safe transmission over a URL.
  7. Question: How do I include user input in an email body?
  8. Answer: Use JavaScript to dynamically insert the user input into the mailto link, ensuring it is URL-encoded to preserve formatting.
  9. Question: Can I preserve formatting in email without JavaScript?
  10. Answer: Without JavaScript, preserving formatting relies on the email client's capabilities, which can be inconsistent. Encoding and formatting should be done before sending the email.
  11. Question: Why does my text appear as a block without breaks in HTML?
  12. Answer: HTML does not recognize newline characters from textareas without explicit formatting, leading to text being displayed as a continuous block.
  13. Question: How do I convert newline characters to tags in JavaScript?
  14. Answer: Use the replace() method with a regular expression, such as text.replace(/\n/g, ' '), to replace newline characters with tags.
  15. Question: Is it necessary to URL-encode email body content?
  16. Answer: Yes, to ensure that special characters and line breaks are correctly interpreted and displayed by email clients.

Wrapping Up Text Formatting Insights

Ensuring the integrity of user-inputted text across various platforms is not just a technical necessity but a crucial aspect of enhancing user experience. This discussion highlighted the significance of preserving formatting, such as line breaks and spaces, to maintain the original structure and readability of text as intended by the user. By employing JavaScript techniques to replace newline characters with HTML tags or encoding them for URLs, developers can overcome common challenges associated with text formatting. These strategies not only uphold the clarity and intent behind user-generated content but also reflect a thoughtful consideration of user interaction and communication. As digital platforms continue to evolve, the importance of such meticulous attention to detail in handling text input will only increase, underscoring the need for developers to remain adept in these practices to ensure seamless, user-friendly experiences.
https://www.tempmail.us.com/en/javascript/ensuring-line-break-preservation-in-javascript-for-email-content
submitted by tempmailgenerator to MailDevNetwork [link] [comments]

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