Teaching characterization worksheetsm

A post talking about 400 words

2024.05.14 14:01 Zappingsbrew A post talking about 400 words

abandon, ability, able, about, above, absence, absolute, absolutely, abstract, abundance, academy, accent, accept, access, accident, accompany, accomplish, according, account, accurate, achieve, achievement, acid, acknowledge, acquire, across, action, active, activity, actor, actual, actually, adapt, addition, additional, address, adequate, adjust, administration, admire, admission, admit, adolescent, adopt, adult, advance, advantage, adventure, advertise, advice, advise, adviser, advocate, affair, affect, afford, afraid, after, afternoon, again, against, age, agency, agenda, agent, aggressive, ago, agree, agreement, agriculture, ahead, aid, aim, air, aircraft, airline, airport, alarm, album, alcohol, alive, all, alliance, allow, ally, almost, alone, along, already, also, alter, alternative, although, always, amateur, amazing, ambition, ambulance, among, amount, analysis, analyst, analyze, ancient, and, anger, angle, angry, animal, anniversary, announce, annual, another, answer, anticipate, anxiety, any, anybody, anymore, anyone, anything, anyway, anywhere, apart, apartment, apologize, apparent, apparently, appeal, appear, appearance, apple, application, apply, appoint, appointment, appreciate, approach, appropriate, approval, approve, approximately, architect, area, argue, argument, arise, arm, armed, army, around, arrange, arrangement, arrest, arrival, arrive, art, article, artist, artistic, as, ashamed, aside, ask, asleep, aspect, assault, assert, assess, assessment, asset, assign, assignment, assist, assistance, assistant, associate, association, assume, assumption, assure, at, athlete, athletic, atmosphere, attach, attack, attempt, attend, attention, attitude, attorney, attract, attraction, attractive, attribute, audience, author, authority, auto, available, average, avoid, award, aware, awareness, away, awful, baby, back, background, bad, badly, bag, balance, ball, ban, band, bank, bar, barely, barrel, barrier, base, baseball, basic, basically, basis, basket, basketball, bath, bathroom, battery, battle, be, beach, bear, beat, beautiful, beauty, because, become, bed, bedroom, bee, beef, beer, before, begin, beginning, behavior, behind, being, belief, believe, bell, belong, below, belt, bench, bend, beneath, benefit, beside, besides, best, bet, better, between, beyond, bicycle, big, bike, bill, billion, bind, biological, bird, birth, birthday, bit, bite, black, blade, blame, blanket, blind, block, blood, blow, blue, board, boat, body, bomb, bombing, bond, bone, book, boom, boot, border, boring, born, borrow, boss, both, bother, bottle, bottom, boundary, bowl, box, boy, boyfriend, brain, branch, brand, brave, bread, break, breakfast, breast, breath, breathe, brick, bridge, brief, briefly, bright, brilliant, bring, broad, broken, brother, brown, brush, buck, budget, build, building, bullet, bunch, burden, burn, bury, bus, business, busy, but, butter, button, buy, buyer, by, cabin, cabinet, cable, cake, calculate, call, camera, camp, campaign, campus, can, Canadian, cancer, candidate, cap, capability, capable, capacity, capital, captain, capture, car, carbon, card, care, career, careful, carefully, carrier, carry, case, cash, cast, cat, catch, category, Catholic, cause, ceiling, celebrate, celebration, celebrity, cell, center, central, century, CEO, ceremony, certain, certainly, chain, chair, chairman, challenge, chamber, champion, championship, chance, change, changing, channel, chapter, character, characteristic, characterize, charge, charity, chart, chase, cheap, check, cheek, cheese, chef, chemical, chest, chicken, chief, child, childhood, Chinese, chip, chocolate, choice, cholesterol, choose, Christian, Christmas, church, cigarette, circle, circumstance, cite, citizen, city, civil, civilian, claim, class, classic, classroom, clean, clear, clearly, client, climate, climb, clinic, clinical, clock, close, closely, closer, clothes, clothing, cloud, club, clue, cluster, coach, coal, coalition, coast, coat, code, coffee, cognitive, cold, collapse, colleague, collect, collection, collective, college, colonial, color, column, combination, combine, come, comedy, comfort, comfortable, command, commander, comment, commercial, commission, commit, commitment, committee, common, communicate, communication, community, company, compare, comparison, compete, competition, competitive, competitor, complain, complaint, complete, completely, complex, complexity, compliance, complicate, complicated, component, compose, composition, comprehensive, computer, concentrate, concentration, concept, concern, concerned, concert, conclude, conclusion, concrete, condition, conduct, conference, confidence, confident, confirm, conflict, confront, confusion, Congress, congressional, connect, connection, consciousness, consensus, consequence, conservative, consider, considerable, consideration, consist, consistent, constant, constantly, constitute, constitutional, construct, construction, consultant, consume, consumer, consumption, contact, contain, container, contemporary, content, contest, context, continue, continued, contract, contrast, contribute, contribution, control, controversial, controversy, convention, conventional, conversation, convert, conviction, convince, cook, cookie, cooking, cool, cooperation, cop, cope, copy, core, corn, corner, corporate, corporation, correct, correspondent, cost, cotton, couch, could, council, count, counter, country, county, couple, courage, course, court, cousin, cover, coverage, cow, crack, craft, crash, crazy, cream, create, creation, creative, creature, credit, crew, crime, criminal, crisis, criteria, critic, critical, criticism, criticize, crop, cross, crowd, crucial, cry, cultural, culture, cup, curious, current, currently, curriculum, custom, customer, cut, cycle, dad, daily, damage, dance, danger, dangerous, dare, dark, darkness, data, database, date, daughter, day, dead, deal, dealer, dear, death, debate, debt, decade, decide, decision, deck, declare, decline, decrease, deep, deeply, deer, defeat, defend, defendant, defense, defensive, deficit, define, definitely, definition, degree, delay, deliver, delivery, demand, democracy, Democratic, Democrat, demonstrate, demonstration, deny, department, depend, dependent, depending, depict, depression, depth, deputy, derive, describe, description, desert, deserve, design, designer, desire, desk, desperate, despite, destroy, destruction, detail, detailed, detect, detection, detective, determine, develop, developing, development, device, devil, dialogue, diet, differ, difference, different, differently, difficult, difficulty, dig, digital, dimension, dining, dinner, direct, direction, directly, director, dirt, disability, disagree, disappear, disaster, discipline, disclose, discover, discovery, discrimination, discuss, discussion, disease, dish, dismiss, disorder, display, dispute, distance, distinct, distinction, distinguish, distribute, distribution, district, diverse, diversity, divide, division, divorce, DNA, do, doctor, document, dog, domestic, dominant, dominate, door, double, doubt, down, downtown, dozen, draft, drag, drama, dramatic, dramatically, draw, drawer, drawing, dream, dress, drink, drive, driver, drop, drug, dry, due, during, dust, duty, dwell, dying, dynamic, each, eager, ear, earlier, early, earn, earnings, earth, earthquake, ease, easily, east, eastern, easy, eat, economic, economy, edge, edit, edition, editor, educate, education, educational, educator, effect, effective, effectively, efficiency, efficient, effort, egg, eight, either, elderly, elect, election, electric, electrical, electricity, electronic, element, elementary, eliminate, elite, else, elsewhere, e-mail, embrace, emerge, emergency, emission, emotion, emotional, emphasis, emphasize, employ, employee, employer, employment, empty, enable, encounter, encourage, end, enemy, energy, enforcement, engage, engine, engineer, engineering, English, enhance, enjoy, enormous, enough, ensure, enter, enterprise, entertain, entertainment, entire, entirely, entrance, entry, environment, environmental, episode, equal, equally, equipment, equivalent, era, error, escape, especially, essay, essential, essentially, establish, establishment, estate, estimate, etc, ethics, ethnic, European, evaluate, evaluation, evening, event, eventually, ever, every, everybody, everyday, everyone, everything, everywhere, evidence, evolution, evolve, exact, exactly, exam, examination, examine, example, exceed, excellent, except, exception, exchange, exciting, executive, exercise, exhibit, exhibition, exist, existence, existing, expand, expansion, expect, expectation, expense, expensive, experience, experiment, expert, explain, explanation, explode, explore, explosion, expose, exposure, express, expression, extend, extension, extensive, extent, external, extra, extraordinary, extreme, extremely, eye, fabric, face, facility, fact, factor, factory, faculty, fade, fail, failure, fair, fairly, faith, fall, false, familiar, family, famous, fan, fantasy, far, farm, farmer, fashion, fast, fat, fate, father, fault, favor, favorite, fear, feature, federal, fee, feed, feel, feeling, fellow, female, fence, festival, few, fewer, fiber, fiction, field, fifteen, fifth, fifty, fight, fighter, fighting, figure, file, fill, film, final, finally, finance, financial, find, finding, fine, finger, finish, fire, firm, first, fish, fishing, fit, fitness, five, fix, flag, flame, flat, flavor, flee, flesh, flight, float, floor, flow, flower, fly, focus, folk, follow, following, food, foot, football, for, force, foreign, forest, forever, forget, form, formal, formation, former, formula, forth, fortune, forward, found, foundation, founder, four, fourth, frame, framework, free, freedom, freeze, French, frequency, frequent, frequently, fresh, friend, friendly, friendship, from, front, fruit, frustration, fuel, fulfill, full, fully, fun, function, fund, fundamental, funding, funeral, funny, furniture, furthermore, future, gain, galaxy, gallery, game, gang, gap, garage, garden, garlic, gas, gate, gather, gay, gaze, gear, gender, gene, general, generally, generate, generation, genetic, gentleman, gently, German, gesture, get, ghost, giant, gift, gifted, girl, girlfriend, give, given, glad, glance, glass, global, glove, go, goal, God, gold, golden, golf, good, govern, government, governor, grab, grace, grade, gradually, graduate, grain, grand, grandmother, grant, grass, grave, gray, great, green, grocery, ground, group, grow, growing, growth, guarantee, guard, guess, guest, guide, guideline, guilty, gun, guy, habit, habitat, hair, half, hall, hand, handful, handle, hang, happen, happy, harbor, hard, hardly, hat, hate, have, he, head, headline, headquarters, health, healthy, hear, hearing, heart, heat, heaven, heavily, heavy, heel, height, helicopter, hell, hello, help, helpful, hence, her, herb, here, heritage, hero, herself, hey, hi, hide, high, highlight, highly, highway, hill, him, himself, hip, hire, his, historic, historical, history, hit, hold, hole, holiday, holy, home, homeless, honest, honey, honor, hope, horizon, horror, horse, hospital, host, hot, hotel, hour, house, household, housing, how, however, huge, human, humor, hundred, hungry, hunter, hunting, hurt, husband, hypothesis, ice, idea, ideal, identification, identify, identity, ignore, ill, illegal, illness, illustrate, image, imagination, imagine, immediate, immediately, immigrant, immigration, impact, implement, implication, imply, importance, important, impose, impossible, impress, impression, impressive, improve, improvement, incentive, incident, include, including, income, incorporate, increase, increased, increasingly, incredible, indeed, independence, independent, index, indicate, indication, individual, industrial, industry, infant, infection, inflation, influence, inform, information, ingredient, initial, initially, initiative, injury, inner, innocent, inquiry, inside, insight, insist, inspire, install, instance, instead, institute, institution, institutional, instruction, instructor, instrument, insurance, intellectual, intelligence, intend, intense, intensity, intention, interaction, interest, interested, interesting, internal, international, Internet, interpret, interpretation, intervention, interview, introduce, introduction, invasion, invest, investigation, investigator, investment, investor, invite, involve, involved, involvement, Iraqi, Irish, iron, Islamic, island, Israeli, issue, it, Italian, item, its, itself, jacket, jail, Japanese, jet, Jew, Jewish, job, join, joint, joke, journal, journalist, journey, joy, judge, judgment, juice, jump, junior, jury, just, justice, justify, keep, key, kick, kid, kill, killer, killing, kind, king, kiss, kitchen, knee, knife, knock, know, knowledge, lab, label, labor, laboratory, lack, lady, lake, land, landscape, language, lap, large, largely, last, late, later, Latin, latter, laugh, launch, law, lawsuit, lawyer, lay, layer, lead, leader, leadership, leading, leaf, league, lean, learn, learning, least, leather, leave, left, leg, legacy, legal, legend, legislation, legislative, legislator, legitimate, lemon, length, less, lesson, let, letter, level, liberal, library, license, lie, life, lifestyle, lifetime, lift, light, like, likely, limit, limitation, limited, line, link, lip, list, listen, literary, literature, little, live, living, load, loan, local, locate, location, lock, long, long-term, look, loose, lose, loss, lost, lot, lots, loud, love, lovely, lover, low, lower, luck, lucky, lunch, luxury, machine, mad, magazine, mail, main, mainly, maintain, maintenance, major, majority, make, maker, makeup, male, mall, man, manage, management, manager, manner, manufacturer, manufacturing, many, map, margin, mark, market, marketing, marriage, married, marry, mask, mass, massive, master, match, material, math, matter, may, maybe, mayor, me, meal, mean, meaning, meanwhile, measure, measurement, meat, mechanism, media, medical, medication, medicine, medium, meet, meeting, member, membership, memory, mental, mention, menu, mere, merely, mess, message, metal, meter, method, Mexican, middle, might, military, milk, million, mind, mine, minister, minor, minority, minute, miracle, mirror, miss, missile, mission, mistake, mix, mixture, mm-hmm, mode, model, moderate, modern, modest, mom, moment, money, monitor, month, mood, moon, moral, more, moreover, morning, mortgage, most, mostly, mother, motion, motivation, motor, mountain, mouse, mouth, move, movement, movie, Mr, Mrs, Ms, much, multiple, murder, muscle, museum, music, musical, musician, Muslim, must, mutual, my, myself, mystery, myth, naked, name, narrative, narrow, nation, national, native, natural, naturally, nature, near, nearby, nearly, necessarily, necessary, neck, need, negative, negotiate, negotiation, neighbor, neighborhood, neither, nerve, nervous, net, network, never, nevertheless, new, newly, news, newspaper, next, nice, night, nine, no, nobody, nod, noise, nomination, nominee, none, nonetheless, nor, normal, normally, north, northern, nose, not, note, nothing, notice, notion, novel, now, nowhere, nuclear, number, numerous, nurse, nut, object, objective, obligation, observation, observe, observer, obtain, obvious, obviously, occasion, occasionally, occupation, occupy, occur, ocean, odd, odds, of, off, offense, offensive, offer, office, officer, official, often, oh, oil, okay, old, Olympic, on, once, one, ongoing, onion, online, only, onto, open, opening, operate, operating, operation, operator, opinion, opponent, opportunity, oppose, opposed, opposite, opposition, option, or, orange, order, ordinary, organic, organization, organize, orientation, origin, original, originally, other, others, otherwise, ought, our, ours, ourselves, out, outcome, outside, oven, over, overall, overcome, overlook, owe, own, owner, pace, pack, package, page, pain, painful, paint, painter, painting, pair, pale, Palestinian, palm, pan, panel, panic, pant, paper, paragraph, parent, park, parking, part, participant, participate, participation, particle, particular, particularly, partly, partner, partnership, party, pass, passage, passenger, passion, past, patch, path, patient, pattern, pause, pay, payment, PC, peace, peak, peer, pen, penalty, people, pepper, per, perceive, percentage, perception, perfect, perfectly, perform, performance, perhaps, period, permanent, permission, permit, person, personal, personality, personally, personnel, perspective, persuade, pet, phase, phenomenon, philosophy, phone, photo, photographer, phrase, physical, physically, physician, piano, pick, picture, pie, piece, pile, pilot, pine, pink, pipe, pitch, place, plan, plane, planet, planning, plant, plastic, plate, platform, play, player, please, pleasure, plenty, plot, plus, PM, pocket, poem, poet, poetry, point, police, policy, political, politically, politician, politics, poll, pollution, pool, poor, pop, popular, population, porch, port, portion, portrait, portray, pose, position, positive, possess, possession, possibility, possible, possibly, post, pot, potato, potential, potentially, pound, pour, poverty, powder, power, powerful, practical, practice, prayer, preach, precisely, predict, prediction, prefer, preference, pregnancy, pregnant, preparation, prepare, prescription, presence, present, presentation, preserve, president, presidential, press, pressure, pretend, pretty, prevent, previous, previously, price, pride, priest, primarily, primary, prime, principal, principle, print, prior, priority, prison, prisoner, privacy, private, probably, problem, procedure, proceed, process, processing, processor, proclaim, produce, producer, product, production, profession, professional, professor, profile, profit, program, progress, progressive, project, prominent, promise, promote, prompt, proof, proper, properly, property, proportion, proposal, propose, prosecutor, prospect, protect, protection, protein, protest, proud, prove, provide, provider, province, provision, psychological, psychology, public, publication, publicity, publish, publisher, pull, punishment, purchase, pure, purpose, pursue, push, put, qualify, quality, quarter, quarterback, quarterly, queen, quest, question, quick, quickly, quiet, quietly, quit, quite, quote, race, racial, radiation, radical, radio, rail, rain, raise, range, rank, rapid, rapidly, rare, rarely, rate, rather, rating, ratio, raw, reach, react, reaction, reader, reading, ready, real, reality, realize, really, reason, reasonable, recall, receive, recent, recently, reception, recipe, recipient, recognition, recognize, recommend, recommendation, record, recording, recover, recovery, recruit, red, reduce, reduction, refer, reference, reflect, reflection, reform, refugee, refuse, regard, regarding, regardless, regime, region, regional, register, regular, regularly, regulate, regulation, regulator, reinforce, reject, relate, relation, relationship, relative, relatively, relax, release, relevant, relief, religion, religious, rely, remain, remaining, remarkable, remember, remind, remote, remove, repeat, repeatedly, replace, replacement, reply, report, reporter, represent, representation, representative, Republican, reputation, request, require, requirement, research, researcher, resemble, reservation, resident, residential, resign, resist, resistance, resolution, resolve, resort, resource, respect, respond, response, responsibility, responsible, rest, restaurant, restore, restriction, result, retain, retire, retirement, return, reveal, revenue, review, revolution, rhythm, rice, rich, rid, ride, rifle, right, ring, rise, risk, river, road, rock, role, roll, romantic, roof, room, root, rope, rose, rough, roughly, round, route, routine, row, rub, rubber, rude, ruin, rule, run, running, rural, rush, Russian, sacred, sad, safe, safety, sake, salad, salary, sale, sales, salt, same, sample, sanction, sand, satellite, satisfaction, satisfied, satisfy, sauce, save, saving, say, scale, scandal, scare, scatter, scenario, scene, schedule, scheme, scholar, scholarship, school, science, scientific, scientist, scope, score, scream, screen, script, sea, search, season, seat, second, secondary, secret, secretary, section, sector, secure, security, see, seed, seek, seem, segment, seize, select, selection, self, sell, Senate, senator, send, senior, sense, sensitive, sentence, separate, sequence, series, serious, seriously, servant, serve, service, session, set, setting, settle, settlement, seven, several, severe, sex, sexual, shade, shadow, shake, shall, shallow, shape, share, sharp, she, sheet, shelf, shell, shelter, shift, shine, ship, shirt, shock, shoe, shoot, shooting, shop, shopping, short, shortly, shot, should, shoulder, shout, show, shower, shrug, shut, shy, sibling, sick, side, sigh, sight, sign, signal, significant, significantly, silence, silent, silver, similar, similarly, simple, simply, sin, since, sing, singer, single, sink, sir, sister, sit, site, situation, six, size, ski, skill, skin, skirt, sky, slave, sleep, slice, slide, slight, slightly, slip, slow, slowly, small, smart, smell, smile, smoke, smooth, snap, snow, so, so-called, soccer, social, society, soft, software, soil, solar, soldier, sole, solid, solution, solve, some, somebody, somehow, someone, something, sometimes, somewhat, somewhere, son, song, soon, sophisticated, sorry, sort, soul, sound, soup, source, south, southern, Soviet, space, Spanish, speak, speaker, special, specialist, species, specific, specifically, specify, speech, speed, spend, spending, spin, spirit, spiritual, split, spoil, sponsor, sport, spot, spray, spread, spring, square, squeeze, stability, stable, staff, stage, stain, stair, stake, stand, standard, standing, star, stare, start, state, statement, station, statistical, status, stay, steady, steal, steel, steep, stem, step, stick, still, stimulate, stimulus, stir, stock, stomach, stone, stop, storage, store, storm, story, straight, strange, stranger, strategic, strategy, stream, street, strength, strengthen, stress, stretch, strike, string, strip, stroke, strong, strongly, structural, structure, struggle, student, studio, study, stuff, stupid, style, subject, submit, subsequent, substance, substantial, substitute, succeed, success, successful, successfully, such, sudden, suddenly, sue, suffer, sufficient, sugar, suggest, suggestion, suicide, suit, summer, summit, sun, super, supply, support, supporter, suppose, supposed, Supreme, sure, surely, surface, surgery, surprise, surprised, surprising, surprisingly, surround, survey, survival, survive, survivor, suspect, sustain, swear, sweep, sweet, swim, swing, switch, symbol, symptom, system, table, tactic, tail, take, tale, talent, talk, tall, tank, tap, tape, target, task, taste, tax, taxi, tea, teach, teacher, teaching, team, tear, technical, technique, technology, teen, teenager, telephone, telescope, television, tell, temperature, temporary, ten, tend, tendency, tennis, tension, tent, term, terms, terrible, territory, terror, terrorist, test, testimony, testing, text, than, thank, thanks, that, the, theater, their, them, theme, themselves, then, theory, therapy, there, therefore, these, they, thick, thin, thing, think, thinking, third, thirty, this, those, though, thought, thousand, threat, threaten, three, throat, through, throughout, throw, thus, ticket, tie, tight, time, tiny, tip, tire, tissue, title, to, tobacco, today, toe, together, toilet, token, tolerate, tomato, tomorrow, tone, tongue, tonight, too, tool, tooth, top, topic, toss, total, totally, touch, tough, tour, tourist, tournament, toward, towards, tower, town, toy, trace, track, trade, tradition, traditional, traffic, tragedy, trail, train, training, transfer, transform, transformation, transition, translate, translation, transmission, transmit, transport, transportation, travel, treat, treatment, treaty, tree, tremendous, trend, trial, tribe, trick, trip, troop, trouble, truck, true, truly, trust, truth, try, tube, tunnel, turn, TV, twelve, twenty, twice, twin, two, type, typical, typically, ugly, ultimate, ultimately, unable, uncle, undergo, understand, understanding, unfortunately, uniform, union, unique, unit, United, universal, universe, university, unknown, unless, unlike, until, unusual, up, upon, upper, urban, urge, us, use, used, useful, user, usual, usually, utility, utilize, vacation, valley, valuable, value, variable, variation, variety, various, vary, vast, vegetable, vehicle, venture, version, versus, very, vessel, veteran, via, victim, victory, video, view, viewer, village, violate, violation, violence, violent, virtually, virtue, virus, visibility, visible, vision, visit, visitor, visual, vital, voice, volume, voluntary, volunteer, vote, voter, voting, wage, wait, wake, walk, wall, wander, want, war, warm, warn, warning, wash, waste, watch, water, wave, way, we, weak, weakness, wealth, wealthy, weapon, wear, weather, web, website, wedding, week, weekend, weekly, weigh, weight, welcome, welfare, well, west, western, wet, what, whatever, wheel, when, whenever, where, whereas, whether, which, while, whisper, white, who, whole, whom, whose, why, wide, widely, widespread, wife, wild, wildlife, will, willing, win, wind, window, wine, wing, winner, winter, wipe, wire, wisdom, wise, wish, with, withdraw, within, without, witness, woman, wonder, wonderful, wood, wooden, word, work, worker, working, workout, workplace, works, workshop, world, worried, worry, worth, would, wound, wrap, write, writer, writing, wrong, yard, yeah, year, yell, yellow, yes, yesterday, yet, yield, you, young, your, yours, yourself, youth, zone.
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2024.05.14 09:38 MoeenAli5423 Innovative Approaches to Learning: Exploring the Impact of Learning Centers on Lifelong Education

Learning centres play a pivotal role in facilitating lifelong education through innovative approaches to learning. This article examines the transformative impact of learning centres on individuals and communities, emphasizing their role in promoting continuous learning and skill development across the lifespan. By exploring various innovative pedagogical methods, technological advancements, and community engagement initiatives, this article highlights the significance of learning centers in shaping a future where education is accessible, inclusive, and empowering for all.
In an era characterized by rapid technological advancements and evolving societal needs, the traditional notion of education has undergone a profound transformation, evolving into a concept that encompasses lifelong learning. This shift reflects the recognition that education is not confined to formal schooling but is a continuous journey of acquiring knowledge, skills, and competencies throughout one's life. At the forefront of this paradigm shift are learning centers, dynamic hubs of educational innovation and empowerment that cater to individuals across diverse ages, backgrounds, and circumstances.
Learning centres serve as focal points for fostering lifelong learning by offering a wide range of learning opportunities that extend beyond traditional educational settings. Whether individuals seek to acquire new skills, explore new interests, or enhance existing competencies, learning centres provide a supportive environment that encourages exploration, growth, and development. Through their commitment to providing personalized support and fostering a culture of continuous improvement, learning centres empower individuals to embark on their educational journey with confidence and enthusiasm.
Moreover, learning centres recognize the importance of community engagement in promoting lifelong learning and social inclusion. By actively collaborating with schools, universities, businesses, and community organizations, learning centres facilitate knowledge exchange, skills development, and capacity-building initiatives that benefit not only individuals but also entire communities. Through these collaborative efforts, learning centres play a vital role in addressing pressing societal challenges, fostering a sense of belonging, and promoting social cohesion.
As we navigate the complexities of the modern world, the role of learning centers in shaping the future of education has never been more critical. By embracing innovative pedagogical approaches, leveraging technological advancements, and engaging with communities, learning centres empower individuals to pursue continuous learning and skill development across their lifespan. In doing so, they contribute to creating a society where education is accessible, inclusive, and empowering for all, laying the foundation for a brighter and more prosperous future for generations to come.
Innovative Pedagogical Methods:
Learning centres are at the forefront of employing a diverse range of innovative pedagogical methods to cater to the diverse learning styles and preferences of their learners. These methods, ranging from experiential learning and project-based approaches to flipped classrooms and inquiry-based learning, prioritize active engagement, critical thinking, and collaboration among learners. By providing hands-on experiences and real-world applications, learning centres foster deeper learning and skill acquisition, equipping individuals with the competencies needed to thrive in an ever-evolving world.
Experiential learning immerses learners in real-life experiences, allowing them to apply theoretical knowledge to practical situations and develop essential skills through hands-on activities. Project-based approaches empower learners to work collaboratively on projects, solving complex problems and fostering creativity, teamwork, and innovation. Flipped classrooms invert traditional teaching methods, allowing learners to access instructional content online outside of class and engage in active learning activities during class time. Inquiry-based learning encourages learners to ask questions, explore topics of interest, and construct their understanding through investigation and discovery.
Technological Advancements:
Technological advancements have brought about a revolution in the educational landscape, offering new opportunities for learning and skill development. Learning centres leverage technology to enhance educational experiences through various digital tools and platforms. Digital learning platforms provide learners with access to a vast array of educational resources, interactive tutorials, and multimedia materials, allowing for personalized learning experiences tailored to individual needs and preferences.
Virtual reality simulations offer immersive learning experiences, allowing learners to explore virtual environments and engage in realistic simulations of complex concepts and scenarios. Online collaboration tools facilitate communication and collaboration among learners, enabling them to work together on projects, share ideas, and exchange feedback regardless of geographical location. By harnessing the power of technology, learning centres break down barriers to education and provide learners with flexible access to educational resources and opportunities.
Community Engagement Initiatives:
Learning centres recognize the importance of community engagement in promoting lifelong learning and social inclusion. Through collaborative partnerships with schools, universities, businesses, and community organizations, learning centres facilitate knowledge exchange, skills development, and capacity-building initiatives that benefit the broader community. By mobilizing resources and expertise, learning centres empower communities to address pressing challenges, pursue shared goals, and foster a culture of continuous learning and innovation.
Impact on Individuals and Communities:
The impact of learning centres extends far beyond individual learners, profoundly influencing entire communities. By promoting lifelong learning and skill development, learning centres enhance individual employability, promote social mobility, and contribute to economic growth by equipping individuals with the knowledge and skills needed to succeed in today's rapidly changing job market. Moreover, learning centres serve as catalysts for community development and social change, fostering inclusive and resilient communities where everyone has the opportunity to thrive and contribute positively to society, learning centres play a pivotal role in driving transformative change through their innovative pedagogical methods, utilization of technological advancements, and engagement with communities. By fostering a culture of lifelong learning and empowerment, learning centres empower individuals to reach their full potential and create a brighter future for themselves and their communities. Through their collaborative efforts and commitment to excellence, learning centers continue to shape a world where education is accessible, inclusive, and empowering for all.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, learning centres, including early learning centre in Dubai, play a transformative role in promoting lifelong education through innovative approaches to learning. By embracing diverse pedagogical methods, leveraging technological advancements, and engaging with communities, learning centres empower individuals to pursue continuous learning and skill development across their lifespan. As we navigate the complexities of the 21st century, learning centre, including early learning centre in Dubai, are poised to shape a future where education is accessible, inclusive, and empowering for all. Through their commitment to excellence and dedication to fostering a culture of lifelong learning, early learning centre in Dubai are instrumental in laying the foundation for a brighter future for individuals and communities alike.

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2024.05.14 08:17 One-Environment3309 Buddhism view on Semen Retention aka Celibacy ! In short, "Emptiness"

Desire is no problem. Craving -- i.e., when desire becomes grasping -- is a problem.
And according to the guiding precepts, there is no proscription against sexual activity in itself (except for monastics). It's misuse of sex that is seen as unwholesome.

You need to understand that the entire Path of Buddhism is predicated on waking up from dream-like delusion of self, and selves, and subject (I, my, me) versus object (the presumed external world which the self is presumably 'missing' and needing, or at the mercy of). The point of mental discipline is to stop making an illusory world out of illusory concepts -- our relation to which causes all suffering -- and instead to rest in reality.
This is the basis of all Buddhist ethics. There is no ethical decree given from above by an authority figure; it is all functional, all in service of waking up and dispelling suffering.

So the tainted mental activity that produces the illusion of a 'me' and an external world inevitably leads to craving, grasping, and suffering, like a wheel that turns around and around endlessly.
Craving that persists with regard to a particular object or theme is known as lust. There are many remedies for lust.
First off all, just following the Path in a good course of training will settle the mind and even the energy. Much of our personal suffering and many of our dysfunctional tendencies arise because our energy (in ancient terms named 'inner winds') is inflamed and irregular. A balanced lifestyle and good training in meditation, ethical behavior, and wisdom smooth out the practitioner's energy and establish calmness and stability. The upshot is that one doesn't crave the things one craved before, and turns instead toward noble aims and aspirations, the causes of happiness.
Śamatha (acquiescence/calmness/concentration) meditation is especially regarded as a cure for all kinds of sensual attachment. This is because it diminishes the mental activity that creates the illusion of subject-object separation and its accompanying habitual patterns of attachment. When the mind settles, there is less 'going out' toward supposed external objects.
There are also specific remedies for sexual attachment, including contemplating the constituent parts of a body and/or the many unpleasant aspects of a body -- blood, pus, oil, urine, feces, odor, shedding skin, and so on. Related contemplations consider aging and decay.
These practices are effective because typically the lustful person is fixating on a very limited and idealized version of the supposedly desirable person: they see only momentary physical beauty or preferentially selected qualities, not the whole reality. The contemplations establish what a body really is (which is far from gloriously pleasant). And one can imagine that seeing the entire life span of the object of desire -- seeing hehim as germ cells, a fetus, an infant, a toddler, a child, and adolescent, an adult, an elderly person, a withered aged dying person, a heap of dust and bones -- can dispel the illusion of perfect desirability that characterizes lust.
[Additional note: there's a text in which the Buddha helps Ananda overcome fixation on a woman by bestowing such a vision upon him, of the woman in time-lapse, quickly moving through all stages of her life. Perhaps our scriptural experts will provide a citation here.]
Some of the most important and influential means of bringing the mind under control (not rigid control, but stability and functionality) have to do with lifestyle. There are many teachings that don't appear in books, and which you get through human contact and actually living the lifestyle along with others.
Regulating diet, sleep, physical movement and rest account for possibly half or more of the spiritual accomplishments and personal transformations sought by practitioners. If you just eat right, your efforts are already tremendously supported.
Avoiding overly dulling or stimulating foods (like too much meat & dairy, and certainly sugars, oily foods, processed foods, overly spicy foods), avoiding overeating, and avoiding alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, and recreational drugs go a long way to settling the fiery, eruptive energy that easily becomes sexual craving.
Certain specific foods are discouraged or, within specific practices, prohibited because they directly block the practice. Some of these are strongly aphrodisiac foods, others are known to block the energy flow being cultivated.
Sleeping the right amount at the right time evens, calms, and uplifts the energy. Best is to be asleep at least an hour before midnight (by the sun, not by the clock which can change with daylight savings time), and to wake and rise before the first light of dawn. No surprise: this follows the schedule of temples and practice centers. And having too little sleep, though not ideal, is better for the subtle energy than too much sleep. Having too little sleep harms the body, but having too much sleep harms the energy and spirit.
Physical movement is also extremely important for health at all levels, and for spiritual practice. Physical practice is another aspect of authentic Buddhism that is not (and perhaps cannot be) conveyed in books, blogs, and videos; but it's incredibly effective in bringing forth a natural, rooted stability of mind. Prostrations practice, vigorous physical work, and whole-body-and-breath physical activities and exercise are effective upon sexual craving on a number of fronts (grounding, energy flow, outlet, contentment), but they also greatly support meditation and mental training.
And finally (but far from the last benefit available), the influence of a teacher and practice community can't be overstated. Being in the presence of those who maintain the true view helps your own wavering, wandering, attaching mind come under control and move toward the true view itself. Being with people who are clear about their values, and whose discipline arises naturally from wisdom (rather than being imposed tyrannical by an ideology), helps one learn how to become clear and disciplined.
To a great extent, cravings and addictions are cured by replacing them with wholesome and more satisfying and fulfilling aspirations and behaviors, and by replacing the triggering environment with a more healthy one.
Addiction is not always best addressed by wrestling with it directly, as that can become another trigger, causing recurrent cycles of repression and acting out. Objectification is a root problem; so be careful of making a personal issue into an object of fixation. A good course of training will help teach you where to place your attention and effort. It's like the story of the two wolves: the one that grows is the one you feed (with your attention). "You become that which you place before you."
We don't learn how to live by amassing concepts; we learn how to live by being in the presence of true humans.
And if we establish the karmic causes for being in the presence of an enlightened teacher, the influence on our life is unimaginably beneficial.
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2024.05.13 15:01 wisdomperception The Path and the Way of Practice for removal of five lower fetters (MN 64)

The Path and the Way of Practice for removal of five lower fetters (MN 64)
In this teaching, the Buddha shares the path and the way of practice for removal of the five lower fetters of: 1.) self-identity view, 2.) doubt regarding teachings, 3.) adherence to rites and rituals, 4.) sensual desires, and 5.) ill-will.
An aniconic art showing the Buddha preaching, symbolized by the empty throne
Thus have I heard — At one time the Blessed One was dwelling at Sāvatthi in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Park. There, he addressed the bhikkhus thus: "Bhikkhus."
"Venerable sir," they replied. The Blessed One said this:
"Bhikkhus, do you recall the five lower fetters as I have taught them?"
When this was said, Venerable Mālukyaputta responded to the Blessed One: "Indeed, venerable sir, I remember the five lower fetters as taught by the Blessed One."
"How exactly do you remember the five lower fetters as I have taught them, Mālukyaputta?"
"Venerable sir, I recall the following as lower fetters taught by the Blessed One: identity-view, doubt (wrt teachings), adherence to rites and rituals, sensual desire, and ill-will. This is how I remember the five lower fetters, venerable sir."
Simile of the infant
"Mālukyaputta, for what reason do you say that I taught these five lower fetters in this way? Surely, Mālukyaputta, the wanderers of other sects might use the simile of an infant to challenge you. For a young, tender infant lying on his back does not even have the concept of 'self', so how could the view of identity arise in him? Yet, the latent tendency towards identity-view is present within him. A young, tender infant lying on his back does not even have the concept of 'teachings', so how could doubt about teachings arise in him? Yet, the latent tendency towards doubt is present within him. A young, tender infant lying on his back does not even have the concept of 'ethics', so how could attachment to rites and rituals arise in him? Yet, the latent tendency towards such attachment is present within him. A young, tender infant lying on his back does not even have the concept of 'sensual pleasures', so how could sensual desire arise in him? Yet, the latent tendency towards sensual desire is present within him. A young, tender infant lying on his back does not even have the concept of 'beings', so how could ill-will towards beings arise in him? Yet, the latent tendency towards ill-will is present within him. Wouldn't the wanderers of other sects use this simile of the infant to challenge you?"
After this was said, Venerable Ānanda addressed the Blessed One: "It is time, Blessed One, it is time, Well-Gone One, for you to teach the five lower fetters. Upon hearing them from the Blessed One, the monks will remember."
"Therefore, Ānanda, listen carefully and pay close attention; I will speak."
"Yes, venerable sir," replied Venerable Ānanda. The Blessed One then spoke:
Uninstructed ordinary person
"Here, Ānanda, an uninstructed ordinary person, who does not regard noble ones and is unskilled and untrained in their Dhamma, who does not regard virtuous people and is unskilled and untrained in their Dhamma, remains entangled and afflicted by identity view; and does not truly understand the escape from arisen identity view. For him, this identity view has become deep-rooted and is a lower fetter.
He remains entangled and afflicted by doubt; and he does not truly know the escape from arisen doubt. This doubt has become deep-rooted and is a lower fetter.
He remains entangled and afflicted by attachment to rites and rituals; and he does not truly know the escape from arisen attachment to rites and rituals. This attachment has become deep-rooted and is a lower fetter.
He remains entangled and afflicted by sensual desire; and he does not truly know the escape from arisen sensual desire. This sensual desire has become deep-rooted and is a lower fetter.
He remains entangled and afflicted by ill-will; and he does not truly know the escape from arisen ill-will. This ill-will has become deep-rooted and is a lower fetter.
Disciple of the noble ones
Moreover, Ānanda, a disciple of the noble ones, who respects the noble ones and is skilled and well-trained in their Dhamma, who respects virtuous people and is skilled and well-trained in their Dhamma, does not remain entangled or afflicted by identity view; he truly understands the escape from any arisen identity view. For him, that identity view and its underlying tendency are abandoned.
He does not remain entangled or afflicted by doubt; he truly understands the escape from any arisen doubt. For him, that doubt and its underlying tendency are abandoned.
He does not remain entangled or afflicted by attachment to rites and rituals; he truly understands the escape from any arisen attachment to rites and rituals. For him, that attachment and its underlying tendency are abandoned.
He does not remain entangled or afflicted by sensual desire; he truly understands the escape from any arisen sensual desire. For him, that sensual desire and its underlying tendency are abandoned.
He does not remain entangled or afflicted by ill-will; he truly understands the escape from any arisen ill-will. For him, that ill-will and its underlying tendency are abandoned.
Simile for the Path and the Way of practice
Ānanda, there is a path and a way of practice for the abandonment of the five lower fetters. That one could understand, see, or abandon these five lower fetters without following this path and way of practice — this is not possible. Just as it is impossible to cut out the heartwood of a large, solid tree standing with heartwood without first cutting through its bark and sapwood, similarly, it is not possible to abandon the five lower fetters without adhering to the correct path and way of practice.
Furthermore, Ānanda, there is indeed a path and a way of practice for the abandonment of the five lower fetters; that one, by following this path and way of practice, can understand, see, or abandon these five lower fetters — this possibility does exist.
Just as, Ānanda, it is indeed possible for someone to cut through the core of a great tree endowed with heartwood by first slicing through its bark and sapwood, similarly, Ānanda, it is indeed possible for one to understand, see, and abandon the five lower fetters by adhering to the correct path and way of practice. Just as, Ānanda, the Ganges River, full and overflowing, is impassable in its breadth by a frail person who thinks, 'I will cross this breadth of the Ganges River by cutting through the current safely to the other side'; such a person would not be able to cut through the current and reach the far shore safely. In the same way, Ānanda, for those whose minds do not leap forward, become confident, steady, and free when teachings leading to the cessation of identity-view are given, they should be seen as frail like that person. Just as, Ānanda, the Ganges River, full and deep, could be crossed by a strong person who thinks, 'I will cut through the current of this river and safely reach the other side'; such a person would be able to cut through the current and safely reach the far shore.
Similarly, Ānanda, for those whose minds do leap forward, become confident, steady, and free when teachings leading to the cessation of identity-view are given, they should be viewed as strong like that person.
The Path and the Way of practice
Jhāna 1
And what, Ānanda, is the path, what is the way of practice for the abandonment of the five lower fetters? Here, Ānanda, a bhikkhu, through solitude from attachments and by abandoning unwholesome mental qualities, with the complete internal stilling of bodily agitation, secluded from sensual pleasures and unwholesome mental qualities, enters and dwells in the first jhāna. This jhāna is characterized by reflection and examination of thoughts, and is filled with joy (rapture) and pleasure that are born from seclusion. In this state, he perceives whatever phenomena are present — whether form, feeling, perception, formations, or consciousness — as impermanent, suffering, a disease, a boil, a dart, misery, an affliction, alien, disintegrating, empty, and not-self. He turns his mind away from these phenomena. Having turned his mind away, he directs it towards the deathless element, reflecting: 'This is peaceful, this is sublime, namely the stilling of all formations, the relinquishment of all attachments, the wearing away of craving, dispassion, cessation, Nibbāna.' If he is steady in that state, he experiences the wearing away of the taints. But if he does not experience the wearing away of the taints because of that desire for the Dhamma, that delight in the Dhamma, then, with the wearing away of the five lower fetters, he becomes one due to reappear spontaneously in the Pure Abodes, and there he will attain final Nibbāna without ever returning from that world. This indeed, Ānanda, is the path, the way of practice for the abandonment of the five lower fetters.
Jhāna 2...4
Furthermore, Ānanda, the bhikkhu, upon the subsiding of reflection and examination of thoughts, enters and dwells in the second jhāna … continues to the third jhāna … and then enters and dwells in the fourth jhāna. In these states, whatever phenomena are present — whether form, feeling, perception, volitions, or consciousness — he perceives as impermanent, suffering, a disease, a boil, a dart, misery, an affliction, alien, disintegrating, empty, and not-self. He turns his mind away from these phenomena. Having turned his mind away, he directs it towards the deathless element, reflecting: 'This is peaceful, this is sublime, namely the stilling of all formations, the relinquishment of all attachments, the wearing away of craving, dispassion, cessation, Nibbāna.' If he is steady in that state, he experiences the wearing away of the taints. But if he does not experience the wearing away of the taints because of that desire for the Dhamma, that delight in the Dhamma, then, with the wearing away of the five lower fetters, he becomes one due to reappear spontaneously in the Pure Abodes, and there he will attain final Nibbāna without ever returning from that world. This indeed, Ānanda, is the path, the way of practice for the abandonment of the five lower fetters.
Base of Infinite Space
Furthermore, Ānanda, a bhikkhu, by completely surpassing perceptions of form, with the disappearance of recognition of sense impressions and by not attending to perceptions of diversity, aware that 'space is infinite', enters and dwells in the base of infinite space. Whatever phenomena are present there, whether pertaining to feelings, perceptions, formations, or consciousness - he perceives as impermanent, suffering, a disease, a boil, a dart, misery, an affliction, alien, disintegrating, empty, and not-self. He turns his mind away from these phenomena. Having turned his mind away, he directs it towards the deathless element, reflecting: 'This is peaceful, this is sublime, namely the stilling of all formations, the relinquishment of all attachments, the wearing away of craving, dispassion, cessation, Nibbāna.' If he is steady in that state, he experiences the wearing away of the taints. But if he does not experience the wearing away of the taints because of that desire for the Dhamma, that delight in the Dhamma, then, with the wearing away of the five lower fetters, he becomes one due to reappear spontaneously in the Pure Abodes, and there he will attain final Nibbāna without ever returning from that world. This, indeed, Ānanda, is also the path, the way of practice for the abandonment of the five lower fetters.
Base of Infinite Consciousness
Furthermore, Ānanda, a bhikkhu, having completely transcended the base of infinite space, aware that 'consciousness is infinite', enters and dwells in the base of infinite consciousness. Whatever phenomena are present there — whether pertaining to feelings, perceptions, formations, or consciousness — he perceives as impermanent, suffering, a disease, a boil, a dart, misery, an affliction, alien, disintegrating, empty, and not-self. He turns his mind away from these phenomena. Having turned his mind away, he directs it towards the deathless element, reflecting: 'This is peaceful, this is sublime, namely the stilling of all formations, the relinquishment of all attachments, the wearing away of craving, dispassion, cessation, Nibbāna.' If he is steady in that state, he experiences the wearing away of the taints. But if he does not experience the wearing away of the taints because of that desire for the Dhamma, that delight in the Dhamma, then, with the wearing away of the five lower fetters, he becomes one due to reappear spontaneously in the Pure Abodes, and there he will attain final Nibbāna without ever returning from that world. This, indeed, Ānanda, is also the path, the way of practice for the abandonment of the five lower fetters.
Base of Nothingness
Furthermore, Ānanda, a bhikkhu, having completely transcended the base of infinite consciousness, aware that 'there is nothing', enters and dwells in the base of nothingness. Whatever phenomena are present there — whether pertaining to feelings, perceptions, formations, or consciousness — he perceives as impermanent, suffering, a disease, a boil, a dart, misery, an affliction, alien, disintegrating, empty, and not-self. He turns his mind away from these phenomena. Having turned his mind away, he directs it towards the deathless element, reflecting: 'This is peaceful, this is sublime, namely the stilling of all formations, the relinquishment of all attachments, the wearing away of craving, dispassion, cessation, Nibbāna.' If he is steady in that state, he experiences the wearing away of the taints. But if he does not experience the wearing away of the taints because of that desire for the Dhamma, that delight in the Dhamma, then, with the wearing away of the five lower fetters, he becomes one due to reappear spontaneously in the Pure Abodes, and there he will attain final Nibbāna without ever returning from that world. This, indeed, Ānanda, is also the path, the way of practice for the abandonment of the five lower fetters."
"If this, venerable sir, is the path and the way of practice for the abandonment of the five lower fetters, then why are some bhikkhus said to be 'released by mind' and some bhikkhus are said to be 'released by wisdom'?"
"The difference here, Ānanda, is in their faculties, I say."
Thus spoke the Blessed One. The venerable Ānanda was satisfied and rejoiced in the Blessed One's words.
-----------
The five lower fetters described in this teaching are:
Fetter Relation with stages of enlightenment
Self-identity view Abandoned at stream-entry
Doubt regarding teachings Abandoned at stream-entry
Adherence to rites and rituals (precepts and observances) Abandoned at stream-entry
Sensual desires Weakened at once-returning (2nd stage of enlightenment), and abandoned at non-returning (3rd stage of enlightenment)
Ill-will Weakened at once-returning (2nd stage of enlightenment), and abandoned at non-returning (3rd stage of enlightenment)
As one is closely examining and reflecting on the teachings to verify them through reviewing of one's experiences or by applying them in practice; one is practicing towards the wearing away of all of these fetters.
However, it is only when the mind is entering and dwelling in the jhānas, states of collectedness that are cultivated by abandoning of unwholesome mental qualities such as those associated with hindrances and of cultivating wholesome mental qualities such as those of renunciation, good-will and harmlessness (factors of developing right intention), through enhanced concentration available in the jhānas, one is now more readily able to observe the arising of the fetters in one's experiences and able to apply the teachings.
When one is one of the four jhānas, or one of the three formless attainments, the Buddha's advice is at observing for the universal characteristics of impermanence, dis-ease, and not identifying a me/mine/myself across all that one experiences. It is through an active training in this way, by inclining the mind towards Nibbāna (enlightenment), that one is able to gradually let go of the fetters.
One doesn't need to attain to all the jhānas and to all the formless attainments listed here, rather, through abiding in any of the jhānas or formless attainments: when the fetters are worn away through a dedicated practice of discernment, one is able to attain to full Nibbāna (enlightenment) or to the 3rd stage of enlightenment (non-returning).
Related Teachings:
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2024.05.13 13:30 hellopriyasharma Best Montessori Toys for Children.

Best Montessori Toys for Children.
Montessori toys are notable in the field of early childhood education because of their exceptional capacity to develop creativity, self-reliance, and problem-solving abilities. The Montessori method, which emphasizes hands-on learning, self-directed activity, and cooperative play, served as the inspiration for the design of these toys. The finest Montessori toys can have a big impact on your child's developmental milestones by providing a stimulating learning environment that perfectly combines learning with play.
https://preview.redd.it/37yhlyf0j60d1.jpg?width=960&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=50441051afd996192f92ff51377f4fddad97ef41

Understanding Montessori Toys

Montessori toys are characterized by their simplicity, natural materials, and focus on developmental tasks. Unlike traditional toys, which often come with predetermined uses, Montessori toys encourage children to explore, imagine, and learn at their own pace, promoting concentration, coordination, and fine motor skills. These toys are not just tools for play but are instrumental in building a foundation for lifelong learning.

Key Features of Montessori Toys

  • Educational: Designed to teach specific skills or concepts, such as sorting, counting, or basic geometry.
  • Sensorial: Engages the senses, helping children develop perceptual and sensory understanding.
  • Natural and Sustainable: Typically made from natural materials like wood, cotton, or metal, which are safe and durable.
  • Adaptable: Grow with the child, offering challenges that are just right for their developmental stage.

Top Picks for Montessori Toys

When selecting Montessori toys, consider the child's age, interests, and developmental stage. Here are some top picks that cater to various aspects of a child's growth.

1. Stacking and Nesting Blocks

These simple blocks encourage problem-solving and understanding of spatial relationships. Kids learn about size, shape, and order as they stack and nest the blocks.

2. Shape Sorters

A classic Montessori toy, shape sorters help children develop problem-solving skills and an understanding of geometric shapes, enhancing hand-eye coordination.

3. Sensory Bins

Filled with materials like rice, beans, or sand, sensory bins offer a tactile experience that stimulates sensory exploration and fine motor development.

4. Wooden Puzzles

Puzzles with knobs on each piece are perfect for little hands, aiding in the development of grip strength and hand-eye coordination while teaching about shapes, animals, or numbers.

5. Dressing Frames

These frames, with zippers, buttons, or laces, help children develop the fine motor skills needed for dressing themselves, fostering independence and self-care skills.

6. Montessori Busy Boards

Busy boards equipped with everyday items like locks, switches, and gears encourage exploration and learning about cause and effect, supporting cognitive development.

7. Natural Material Art Supplies

Crayons, chalk, and paint made from natural materials not only unleash creativity but also allow children to explore textures and colors in an eco-friendly way.

8. Bead Sequencing Sets

These sets offer children the chance to practice patterns, sequences, and colors, promoting cognitive flexibility and mathematical foundations.

9. Practical Life Tools

Miniature brooms, gardening tools, or kitchen utensils designed for small hands teach children about everyday tasks, encouraging responsibility and participation in household chores.

Integrating Montessori Toys with Educational Resources

In addition to selecting the best Montessori Toys, integrating these toys with educational resources like the school parent app can enhance the learning experience. Such apps allow parents and educators to track developmental milestones, share insights, and collaborate on the child's learning journey. Institutions like Cambridge Montessori Preschool offer programs and resources that align with Montessori principles, providing a comprehensive approach to early childhood education.

Conclusion: Fostering Development Through Play

The finest Montessori toys are ones that appeal to a child's senses, meet their developmental needs, and inspire a love of learning. Parents and educators may provide children a strong foundation for their intellectual, physical, and social development by selecting toys that are cerebral, sensory, and adaptive. Recall that the intention is to encourage a lifetime of study and exploration as well as to impart knowledge.
Including Montessori objects in a child's play is an investment in their future, not merely a means of keeping them busy. We can assist youngsters in developing the abilities they need to confidently navigate their surroundings by creating an atmosphere that encourages creativity, freedom, and exploration. Every child has the capacity to develop into an inquisitive learner, a problem solver, and eventually a valuable contributor to society given the correct resources.
Montessori toys are notable in the field of early childhood education because of their exceptional capacity to develop creativity, self-reliance, and problem-solving abilities. The Montessori method, which emphasizes hands-on learning, self-directed activity, and cooperative play, served as the inspiration for the design of these toys. The finest Montessori toys can have a big impact on your child's developmental milestones by providing a stimulating learning environment that perfectly combines learning with play.
submitted by hellopriyasharma to preschoolwithpriya [link] [comments]


2024.05.13 11:08 adulting4kids Dead Sea Scrolls Study Guide -Unedited

The War Scroll, also known as the "War of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness," is a unique text within the Dead Sea Scrolls that portrays an apocalyptic battle between the forces of good (Sons of Light) and evil (Sons of Darkness). This scroll provides insight into both historical and symbolic elements.
Historical Accuracy:
The War Scroll, while containing detailed military tactics and an epic narrative of the ultimate confrontation, doesn't explicitly reference any specific historical event or timeframe. Some scholars believe it could be a product of the community's anticipation of a future messianic conflict or a reflection of their own community's struggles against opposing forces during their time. Interpreting the historical accuracy of the scroll often involves exploring the context of the Qumran community and the turbulent times in which they lived.
Symbolism and Esoteric Wisdom:
The War Scroll goes beyond a mere description of a physical battle. It portrays a cosmic conflict between the forces of light and darkness, reflecting not just a literal warfare but also a symbolic and spiritual struggle. The text emphasizes righteousness, divine intervention, and the victory of good over evil.
Within the study guide, activities and exercises could involve dissecting the symbolic elements present in the War Scroll, exploring the deeper meanings behind the battle tactics and the metaphysical implications of the conflict. Understanding the symbolism could involve group discussions, comparative analysis with other ancient texts with similar themes, and exploring the impact of this symbolic representation on the community's beliefs and practices.
Here are a few activities and exercises to explore the symbolism and historical context of the War Scroll from the Dead Sea Scrolls:
  1. Symbolism Analysis:
Provide excerpts from the War Scroll and encourage participants to identify and discuss the symbolic meanings behind elements like the "Sons of Light" and the "Sons of Darkness," various weapons, and the strategies outlined for battle. Group discussions or written reflections can help participants explore the deeper layers of meaning.
  1. Comparative Analysis:
Compare the War Scroll's themes with similar apocalyptic or eschatological texts from different cultures or religions, such as apocalyptic passages in the Book of Revelation in the Christian Bible or apocalyptic texts from other ancient traditions. Create worksheets or discussion prompts to highlight similarities and differences in themes, symbols, and beliefs about cosmic battles.
  1. Historical Context Exploration:
Present historical information about the era when the Dead Sea Scrolls were written. Discuss the political, social, and religious climate of that time, including the turmoil in the region, to understand how these factors might have influenced the composition of the War Scroll. Encourage participants to consider the possible motivations behind the text's creation.
  1. Creative Interpretation:
Encourage creative expression by asking participants to create artwork, poems, or short stories inspired by the themes and imagery found in the War Scroll. This exercise allows individuals to engage more deeply with the symbolic elements and interpret them in their own unique ways.
  1. Role-playing or Debates:
    Organize a role-playing activity where participants take on the roles of "Sons of Light" and "Sons of Darkness," debating their ideologies, motivations, and strategies for the ultimate battle. This exercise helps in understanding differing perspectives and interpreting the conflicts presented in the scroll.
Interpretative variations regarding the river's crossing in different ancient texts reflect the unique religious, philosophical, and cultural perspectives embedded within these narratives. These differences in interpretation offer insights into diverse worldviews and varying theological frameworks present in ancient texts:
  1. Mesopotamian Context:
  1. Biblical Context:
  1. Gnostic or Apocryphal Context:
  1. Greco-Roman Interpretation:
These varied interpretations highlight the richness and diversity of religious, philosophical, and cultural frameworks present in ancient texts. The river's crossing serves as a flexible symbol that adapts to different narratives, conveying themes of transition, judgment, liberation, or cosmic transformation based on the unique perspectives of each tradition.
Exploring these interpretative variations allows participants to appreciate the complexity of symbolism within ancient texts and provides insights into how different cultures and belief systems interpreted common motifs like the river Euphrates. It showcases the intricate interplay between religious, philosophical, and cultural elements shaping the symbolism and theological implications embedded in these narratives.
The river Euphrates, a prominent geographic feature in ancient texts, embodies universal themes that transcend specific cultural contexts. Identifying these universal themes helps reveal shared human concepts of transition, boundaries, and transformative events across diverse ancient traditions:
  1. Threshold and Transition:
  1. Boundary and Separation:
  1. Transformative Events:
  1. Symbol of Power and Control:
  1. Metaphor for Spiritual Journeys:
These universal themes associated with the river Euphrates highlight fundamental aspects of the human experience—transitions, boundaries, transformative events, power dynamics, and spiritual journeys. The river's symbolism in ancient texts speaks to shared human aspirations, struggles, and beliefs that transcend cultural boundaries and resonate across different epochs and civilizations.
By identifying and discussing these universal themes, participants gain a deeper appreciation for the profound symbolism embedded in ancient texts and recognize the timeless relevance of concepts such as transition, boundaries, and transformative events in shaping human narratives and aspirations.
  1. Historical Context:
  1. Symbolism and Esoteric Wisdom:
  1. Comparative Analysis:
  1. Parallelism in Biblical Texts:
  1. Community Beliefs and Practices:
  1. Cultural Significance of Cosmic Battles:
  1. Interpretive Variations and Unique Perspectives:
  1. Personal Reflection and Modern Relevance:
  1. Theological and Philosophical Implications:
  1. Literary and Symbolic Analysis:
- Analyze the narrative structure and symbolic elements present in specific passages of the War Scroll. How do these elements contribute to the text's overarching themes and meanings? 
These study questions aim to provoke critical thinking, promote in-depth exploration of themes, encourage comparative analysis, and stimulate discussions on the multifaceted nature of the War Scroll's content and its significance within ancient and contemporary contexts.
  1. Archaeological and Linguistic Analysis:
- How does the physical condition of the Dead Sea Scrolls, including the War Scroll, impact our understanding of their preservation and historical context? - Discuss the linguistic peculiarities or unique textual features found within the War Scroll and their implications for translation and interpretation. 
  1. Apocalyptic Expectations and Messianic Concepts:
- Explore the portrayal of messianic figures or anticipated saviors within the War Scroll. How do these concepts align with or diverge from contemporary expectations of a messianic figure in other ancient texts or religious traditions? 
  1. Impact of Apocalyptic Literature:
- Analyze the enduring influence of apocalyptic literature, such as the War Scroll, on subsequent religious, literary, or cultural traditions. How have these texts shaped later beliefs or inspired artistic and literary works? 
  1. Ethical and Moral Frameworks:
- Discuss the ethical or moral implications of the cosmic conflict depicted in the War Scroll. How do the themes of righteousness and wickedness contribute to the text's underlying moral framework? 
  1. Role of Prophecy and Revelation:
- Explore the role of prophecy and revelation within the War Scroll. How do the prophetic elements contribute to the text's portrayal of future events and cosmic justice? 
  1. Experiential and Ritualistic Elements:
- Investigate potential ritualistic or experiential dimensions associated with the teachings or beliefs conveyed in the War Scroll. How might the community have engaged with these teachings in their religious practices or communal activities? 
  1. Literary Genre and Interpretation:
- Discuss the classification of the War Scroll within the broader genre of apocalyptic literature. How does its classification influence our understanding and interpretation of its themes and symbolic elements? 
  1. Relevance in Modern Scholarship:
- Reflect on the ongoing scholarly debates or discoveries related to the War Scroll. How have modern interpretations evolved, and what implications do these new perspectives have on our understanding of the text? 
  1. Intersection of Faith and Scholarship:
- Consider the interplay between faith-based interpretations and scholarly analyses of the War Scroll. How might religious convictions or theological frameworks influence academic research and vice versa? 
  1. Future Research and Interpretative Avenues:
- Propose potential avenues for future research or areas of exploration concerning the War Scroll. What unanswered questions or unexplored aspects merit further investigation? 
The composition of the War Scroll, along with other Dead Sea Scrolls, was likely influenced by several historical events and societal conditions prevalent during the time of its writing, which is estimated to be between the 2nd century BCE and the 1st century CE:
  1. Hellenistic Rule and Cultural Influence:
  1. Political Turmoil and Resistance Movements:
  1. Religious Sects and Spiritual Expectations:
  1. Anticipation of Cosmic Redemption:
Regarding the historical context of the Dead Sea Scrolls' discovery, its significance lies in multiple facets:
  1. Preservation of Ancient Texts:
  1. Insights into Jewish Sectarianism:
  1. Confirmation of Scriptural Accuracy:
  1. Impact on Biblical Studies and Scholarship:
The historical context of political upheaval, religious expectations, and the preservation of texts within the Dead Sea Scrolls contributes significantly to understanding the milieu in which the War Scroll was written. It provides a backdrop against which the themes of cosmic conflict, eschatological anticipation, and religious fervor within the War Scroll can be comprehended.
submitted by adulting4kids to writingthruit [link] [comments]


2024.05.13 06:54 BGodInspired What Does the Bible Teach Us About the True Nature of Wisdom?

https://bgodinspired.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/1715575423.png

Introduction: The Quest for Wisdom

Have you ever pondered the true essence of wisdom? In a world teeming with information, discerning profound, life-altering insights can seem daunting. Yet, the Bible, a treasure trove of wisdom, offers transformative principles that have guided countless individuals through the ages. Let’s embark on a journey to uncover the timeless wisdom contained within its pages, providing you with enduring guidance and enlightenment.

The Biblical Blueprint for Wisdom

Wisdom in the Bible is portrayed as a priceless gem, far more valuable than material wealth. It encompasses not just knowledge, but the application of understanding and righteousness in one’s life. Wisdom’s foundation lies in the fear of the Lord and is characterized by attributes such as discernment, prudence, and justice.

Applying Biblical Wisdom in Modern Life

Incorporating biblical wisdom into our daily lives can profoundly impact our decisions, relationships, and spiritual journey. It encourages us to seek guidance from God, practice discernment, and live with integrity. How then, can we apply this ancient wisdom in our contemporary setting?
  1. Seek God First: Begin each day with prayer, inviting God to direct your paths and decisions.
  2. Embrace Humility: Acknowledge your limitations and be open to learning and growing.
  3. Practice Integrity: Let your words and actions be aligned with God’s principles, demonstrating honesty and fairness in all dealings.

Wisdom’s Promise: A Life Well-Lived

Embracing wisdom from the Bible promises a life of fulfillment, peace, and spiritual prosperity. It molds characters, fosters healthy relationships, and guides us through life’s complexities with grace. Wisdom is accessible to all who earnestly seek it and is eager to transform lives for the better.
Proverbs 4:6-7: “Do not forsake wisdom, and she will protect you; love her, and she will watch over you. The beginning of wisdom is this: Get wisdom. Though it cost all you have, get understanding.”

Conclusion: Your Journey to Wisdom Begins Now

Let the pursuit of wisdom be your guiding star as you navigate life’s journey. Immerse yourself in the teachings and narratives of the Bible, and let them illuminate your path. Remember, wisdom is not a destination but a lifelong quest of growth, discernment, and application. Challenge yourself today: How will you seek and apply biblical wisdom in your life?
Are you ready to unlock the riches of wisdom found in the Bible? Dive deeper, ask questions, pray, and seek understanding. Your journey to a wiser, more fulfilling life starts now.
If you want to want to research more Bible Answers on your own, please try our Bible Answers GPT. It’s easy to get lost in the interesting responses you’ll find… every search is like a new treasure hunt 🙂
Source =
submitted by BGodInspired to BGodInspired [link] [comments]


2024.05.13 05:47 Masqurade-King Anna and Elsa's Changed Personalities between Films

Hello!
I thought I would explain why people say Anna and Elsa are different in Frozen 2, compared to everything that came before it, and why it is bad.
The difference between the characters in the films
First, I am going to focus mainly on Elsa as she is simply easier to discuss. Do not get me wrong. Anna is a completely different character in Frozen 2. Her two most defining traits of optimism and her abundance of energy are nonexistent in the sequel, replaced by her freaking out all the time and being sad. I think the reason many people do not feel like Anna is all that different, is because she is the only character whose actions make sense. Kristoff makes no sense on why he is constantly trying to propose especially when their lives are in danger. I will get to Elsa. Anna might be a different character, but I can see the logic in these changes.
And now on to Elsa. First, Elsa’s characterizations in Frozen. Elsa is beyond complicated. She is the perfect girl who is confident in her abilities as queen and naturally takes to the role. She is mature, elegant, loyal, but also playful and mischievous. Her greatest flaw, however, is her secret powers. Her fear overwrote most of her true personality, and she ends up coming off as cold and distant because of it. Elsa grew up believing she had to hide her true self and that she had to do everything on her own. But her real personality still shown through despite everything. During her coronation when Anna and she are finally reunited after so long, Elsa true personality finally gets to shine. Loving and caring towards her sister and is clearly the more mature one while Anna stumbles on her words. She loves the royal lifestyle as she comments about the ball and looks happy looking over her people and everyone having a good time. Then her playful side as she and Anna joke about smelling chocolate. And finally, we get to see her mischievous side as she tricks Anna into dancing with the Duke. This personality is shown when she is a child, and at the end of the movie. It is also further shown in the shorts, with Frozen Fever showing her playful side and love for her sister, and Olaf’s Frozen Adventure, brings back her more mature and elegant side as well as show how she is growing from her troubled past.
Elsa in Frozen 2, is very shy and meek. The one and only thing she is interested in is magic and where her powers come from. She is still elegant, but not like she was before. In Frozen FF and OFA, Elsa was a very confident queen, but in Frozen 2, she is very shy or humble queen. Her maturity is gone, replaced with wonder filled eyes. Speaking of Elsa’s eyes, did you ever notice how narrow Elsa’s eyes are in Frozen 1 and the shorts. A lot of time she had a half-lidded eye so you can really see her eyeshadow. But in Frozen 2, Elsa’s eyes are always bugging out, making her look very cutesy. Elsa is also once again trying to do everything herself as well, making it seem like she learned nothing from Frozen 1.
It is really tricky because there is parts of Elsa that stayed the same, so there is the illusion that she is the same character, but to much is different and key character traits are completely forgotten.
Wants and Motives
The key difference is in Elsa’s Wants and Motivations. Elsa in Frozen 1, wants to be accepted, to be a part of Arendelle and not viewed as a monster. But more importantly, she wants to be with her sister Anna. Everything Elsa does is to protect Anna, and Arendelle. The only way she knew how to do this was to run away and isolate herself, which never worked, but that was her character flaw she needed to overcome. At the end of the day, Anna and Arendelle is what is most important to Elsa, and where she is most happy. Not up in the North Mountain singing Let It Go, or anywhere else. No, with her little sister and the people who love, respect, and accepted her.
Frozen 2 completely changed this. Elsa no longer views Arendelle as her home that she had fought so hard to be accepted by and a part off. She no longer really cares about Anna either, still loving her because they are sisters, but she never really considers Anna in anything. She does not think to tell Anna about the voice before she released the Spirits, then she often forgot about Anna in the forest, then tricked her and pushed her away. And she certainly did not consider what Anna might want at the end of the movie by making her queen. Frozen 2 made Elsa focus on magic only. Trusting the voice because it might explain why she has powers. Trusting the Spirits because they also have something to do with her powers. Only talking with Honeymaren about the Fifth Spirit and how it could be the one calling her.
Hyper Focus on only one goal
This actually leads me into my next point, which is a huge flaw in all the characters. Every character, Anna, Elsa, Kristoff, and Olaf, all have one track minds and goals. Kristoff wants to propose, Elsa wants to find the voice, Anna wants to protect Elsa, and Olaf wants to know what growing up is. These are all fine goals, but for most of the movie, that is all their characters are. There is not moments where the characters take a step back and focus on other things. Anna is the only one who really gets to do other things, but that is only because she is involved in everyone’s stories. Trying to help Elsa with her confidence, and teach Olaf about growing up, and she even takes time to talk with Mattias about who he is. Elsa never felt like she ever stepped out of her quest to help others with theirs, if she did, it was very minuscule, same with Kristoff and getting to know Ryder before going back to focus on proposing.
Compare this to Anna in Frozen 1. Anna’s main goal and what she is aiming for throughout the film is to reunite with her sister and save Arendelle. However, she still takes time for other things. She fell in love with Hans, and she takes the time to worry about Olaf melting or Kristoff’s ice business going down. She enjoys her time with the trolls and learns some lessons about love. And she even marvels at Elsa’s ice palace before asking her to return. This all also helps that Anna’s goals have to change near the end of the movie when Elsa throws her out. I think another difference is, is that in Frozen 2, all the characters have goals, and when they reach it, that is the end of their stories. Elsa wants to find the voice, she does and that is it for her. Kristoff wants to propose, he does and that is it for him. Anna at the beginning of her journey, thinks her goal should be to find true love, but that does not work out. Then she thinks all she has to do is find Elsa and the two can be sisters again and Elsa will lift the curse, but we all know how that ends up. Then Anna’s goal turns to simply trying to save herself, but then Hans betrays her. And finally, Anna’s final goal is to save Elsa, which she succeeds in. This is when Anna’s original goal of reuniting with her sister and saving Arendelle is finally fulfilled.
Do you see what I mean by Frozen 2 characters feeling like they only have one goal, and how there is little deviations for them with those goals? Elsa’s only roadblocks are with the Spirits, but she defeats them in under a minute each, so there is no detours Elsa has to take in order to reach Ahtohallan. Anna is the only character whose goals were changed because she failed her initial goal of protecting Elsa. I will also add that even though Elsa does have the goal of saving the forest and Arendelle, she never really focuses on them, and instead the movie constantly has her thinking about her powers and where they come from first, and the well being of everyone she has ever loved as second, maybe even third with the Spirits and the magic of the forest taking second place.
In short, Elsa, and the rest of the cast, do have some traits that are still the same, so a part of them feels right, but because a lot of key characterizations are missing and are replaced by new ones, and because of the complete change in Wants and Values, as well as the poor writing in having everyone laser focused on one goal, the characters are just not the same. They are completely different characters.
Why this is Bad
And now to explain why these new characterizations are bad.
First, a lot of people use the excuse that it has been 3 years and people change.
I have a couple of counter points to this. First, is that the beginning of Frozen 2, where Anna and Elsa are children, have them with their new personalities. Elsa is magic focused and a very quiet girl. While Anna is strangely into the politics of the Northuldra and Arendelle, as well as having a disturbingly deep obsession with romance, despite only being five and having an older sister that finds it discussing. It makes more sense that Anna’s obsession with romance happened after Elsa ignored her for 13 years, and she was completely alone for 3 after her parents died. I could go into more detail, but to sum it up, Frozen 1 Elsa is shown to be the older sister with a mischievous and playful side, while Anna is shown her youthfulness and love for her sister, all of this is character traits they have for the rest of the movie and for the shorts. Frozen 2, shows Elsa’s quite shyness and obsession with magic, while Anna is more focused on romance and politics.
In short, the beginning of Frozen 2 act like these character traits were always a part of Anna and Elsa, even though it was never shown in Frozen 1, FF, or OFA. So, the excuses of 3 years having passed does not work here.
And even if the 3 years are the cause of the change, it would be very bad writing. Good writing shows us how and why a character changes. Example, Frozen 1 Elsa. Like I said, when she was a child, we saw her personality of being a mischievous and playful girl, but then the accident happened, and because of that, Elsa is traumatized and becomes the fearful and reserved queen that we know her as. “Do You Want to Build a Snowman”, also helps show us Elsa’s growing fear and anxiety as well. Nothing before Frozen 2, or eve during it gives and explanation for Anna and Elsa’s knew personalities. The Voice and “Into the Unknown”, tries to give a reason for why Elsa wants to find the source of her magic, but not enough that it makes sense that she values finding her source over the life she has made in Arendelle.
Frozen is a work of fiction, and there for it needs to make sense. Ever heard the phrase, “Real life is stranger than fiction”, this is because real life does not need to make sense. People in real life are not expected to be consistent, but characters in a story are.
There are also many great examples of unplanned sequels that stayed true to the characters personalities. Shrek, Puss n Boots, The Rescuers. Hiccup from “How to Train Your Dragon” is a good example, as he clearly grows up between films, but even though he is more mature and confident, it is clearly still him. He is still a strategist over a warrior, along with his awkwardness and snark, along with his deep relationship with Toothless. The first movie helped him find himself and give him confidence, and the sequel showed that growth, but still kept his personality the same.
The one thing that is consistent with Elsa, is her reserved nature and trying to solve the problem herself, as well as her tendency to push Anna away. This also has problems because not only does Elsa have a new personality in the sequel, but her character ark is also reset as well. Elsa already learned that she cannot do everything on her own and that she needs to trust and rely on Anna more. OFA also showed Elsa slowly getting better as well. But Frozen 2 has her reset to zero, and the end result is completely different. Frozen 2 is more focused on having Anna learn the lesson that she needs to let Elsa go, rather than have Elsa learn that being with Anna is the key to happiness and success. It makes it seem like Elsa learned absolutely nothing in Frozen 1, and that Anna had wasted her time trying so hard to reunite with her sister.
And finally, people are going to say that it is okay for Anna and Elsa to have new goals after their original goals had been met in the first film. And yes, you are right, and many sequels do this well. I don’t really remember the first Puss N Boots film, but I don’t believe he had to learn the lesson of not running away from death and live his life to the fullest in it. However, this cannot be done with Frozen and Frozen 2.
The directors and creators of the Frozen franchise say that the two films go together and that they tell one complete story. So why does one movie say one thing, and then the next says a completely different thing? Frozen 1, Elsa belongs in Arendelle despite being different and needs to stop pushing her sister away, let her in her life and they can live happily ever after together. Frozen 2, Elsa belongs in a magical place because she has magic, and Anna needs to let her go as they will live happily ever after separated. Frozen 2 contradicts Frozen 1 and undoes everything the film and characters had worked so hard for. The two films to go together at all.
End notes.
I thought I would end this post by saying that Anna and Elsa’s new personalities are not bad. They are pretty good personalities, and my only complaint is that the movie needed a little more time with the story, especially giving Elsa more to do then just follow the voice and fight the Spirits, and of course the rushed ending. But at the end of the day, these are not the Anna and Elsa from Frozen 1 that people came to Frozen 2 to see. I have seen so many people say that they felt like they didn’t see the characters they loved at all in Frozen 2, or if they did, it is watered down versions of the characters. This is also why you will see people say Frozen 2 should have been its own original movie that had nothing to do with the Frozen franchise. I honestly believe that Anna and Elsa’s characters were changed to fit the narrative of Frozen 2’s story, rather than let Anna and Elsa’s personality help shape Frozen 2’s story. At the end of the day, to much of Anna and Elsa had been changed, from their personality to their goals, so they just are not the same characters and this is not only bad writing, it is very infuriating and sad for fans of Frozen 1, especially now a days where Disney only ever promotes Frozen 2 everywhere.
Well, that is all for now.
submitted by Masqurade-King to BringElsaHome [link] [comments]


2024.05.13 05:05 Masqurade-King Anna and Elsa's Changed Personalities between Films

Hello!
I thought I would explain why people say Anna and Elsa are different in Frozen 2, compared to everything that came before it, and why it is bad.
The difference between the characters in the films
First, I am going to focus mainly on Elsa as she is simply easier to discuss. Do not get me wrong. Anna is a completely different character in Frozen 2. Her two most defining traits of optimism and her abundance of energy are nonexistent in the sequel, replaced by her freaking out all the time and being sad. I think the reason many people do not feel like Anna is all that different, is because she is the only character whose actions make sense. Kristoff makes no sense on why he is constantly trying to propose especially when their lives are in danger. I will get to Elsa. Anna might be a different character, but I can see the logic in these changes.
And now on to Elsa. First, Elsa’s characterizations in Frozen. Elsa is beyond complicated. She is the perfect girl who is confident in her abilities as queen and naturally takes to the role. She is mature, elegant, loyal, but also playful and mischievous. Her greatest flaw, however, is her secret powers. Her fear overwrote most of her true personality, and she ends up coming off as cold and distant because of it. Elsa grew up believing she had to hide her true self and that she had to do everything on her own. But her real personality still shown through despite everything. During her coronation when Anna and she are finally reunited after so long, Elsa true personality finally gets to shine. Loving and caring towards her sister and is clearly the more mature one while Anna stumbles on her words. She loves the royal lifestyle as she comments about the ball and looks happy looking over her people and everyone having a good time. Then her playful side as she and Anna joke about smelling chocolate. And finally, we get to see her mischievous side as she tricks Anna into dancing with the Duke. This personality is shown when she is a child, and at the end of the movie. It is also further shown in the shorts, with Frozen Fever showing her playful side and love for her sister, and Olaf’s Frozen Adventure, brings back her more mature and elegant side as well as show how she is growing from her troubled past.
Elsa in Frozen 2, is very shy and meek. The one and only thing she is interested in is magic and where her powers come from. She is still elegant, but not like she was before. In Frozen FF and OFA, Elsa was a very confident queen, but in Frozen 2, she is very shy or humble queen. Her maturity is gone, replaced with wonder filled eyes. Speaking of Elsa’s eyes, did you ever notice how narrow Elsa’s eyes are in Frozen 1 and the shorts. A lot of time she had a half-lidded eye so you can really see her eyeshadow. But in Frozen 2, Elsa’s eyes are always bugging out, making her look very cutesy. Elsa is also once again trying to do everything herself as well, making it seem like she learned nothing from Frozen 1.
It is really tricky because there is parts of Elsa that stayed the same, so there is the illusion that she is the same character, but to much is different and key character traits are completely forgotten.
Wants and Motives
The key difference is in Elsa’s Wants and Motivations. Elsa in Frozen 1, wants to be accepted, to be a part of Arendelle and not viewed as a monster. But more importantly, she wants to be with her sister Anna. Everything Elsa does is to protect Anna, and Arendelle. The only way she knew how to do this was to run away and isolate herself, which never worked, but that was her character flaw she needed to overcome. At the end of the day, Anna and Arendelle is what is most important to Elsa, and where she is most happy. Not up in the North Mountain singing Let It Go, or anywhere else. No, with her little sister and the people who love, respect, and accepted her.
Frozen 2 completely changed this. Elsa no longer views Arendelle as her home that she had fought so hard to be accepted by and a part off. She no longer really cares about Anna either, still loving her because they are sisters, but she never really considers Anna in anything. She does not think to tell Anna about the voice before she released the Spirits, then she often forgot about Anna in the forest, then tricked her and pushed her away. And she certainly did not consider what Anna might want at the end of the movie by making her queen. Frozen 2 made Elsa focus on magic only. Trusting the voice because it might explain why she has powers. Trusting the Spirits because they also have something to do with her powers. Only talking with Honeymaren about the Fifth Spirit and how it could be the one calling her.
Hyper Focus on only one goal
This actually leads me into my next point, which is a huge flaw in all the characters. Every character, Anna, Elsa, Kristoff, and Olaf, all have one track minds and goals. Kristoff wants to propose, Elsa wants to find the voice, Anna wants to protect Elsa, and Olaf wants to know what growing up is. These are all fine goals, but for most of the movie, that is all their characters are. There is not moments where the characters take a step back and focus on other things. Anna is the only one who really gets to do other things, but that is only because she is involved in everyone’s stories. Trying to help Elsa with her confidence, and teach Olaf about growing up, and she even takes time to talk with Mattias about who he is. Elsa never felt like she ever stepped out of her quest to help others with theirs, if she did, it was very minuscule, same with Kristoff and getting to know Ryder before going back to focus on proposing.
Compare this to Anna in Frozen 1. Anna’s main goal and what she is aiming for throughout the film is to reunite with her sister and save Arendelle. However, she still takes time for other things. She fell in love with Hans, and she takes the time to worry about Olaf melting or Kristoff’s ice business going down. She enjoys her time with the trolls and learns some lessons about love. And she even marvels at Elsa’s ice palace before asking her to return. This all also helps that Anna’s goals have to change near the end of the movie when Elsa throws her out. I think another difference is, is that in Frozen 2, all the characters have goals, and when they reach it, that is the end of their stories. Elsa wants to find the voice, she does and that is it for her. Kristoff wants to propose, he does and that is it for him. Anna at the beginning of her journey, thinks her goal should be to find true love, but that does not work out. Then she thinks all she has to do is find Elsa and the two can be sisters again and Elsa will lift the curse, but we all know how that ends up. Then Anna’s goal turns to simply trying to save herself, but then Hans betrays her. And finally, Anna’s final goal is to save Elsa, which she succeeds in. This is when Anna’s original goal of reuniting with her sister and saving Arendelle is finally fulfilled.
Do you see what I mean by Frozen 2 characters feeling like they only have one goal, and how there is little deviations for them with those goals? Elsa’s only roadblocks are with the Spirits, but she defeats them in under a minute each, so there is no detours Elsa has to take in order to reach Ahtohallan. Anna is the only character whose goals were changed because she failed her initial goal of protecting Elsa. I will also add that even though Elsa does have the goal of saving the forest and Arendelle, she never really focuses on them, and instead the movie constantly has her thinking about her powers and where they come from first, and the well being of everyone she has ever loved as second, maybe even third with the Spirits and the magic of the forest taking second place.
In short, Elsa, and the rest of the cast, do have some traits that are still the same, so a part of them feels right, but because a lot of key characterizations are missing and are replaced by new ones, and because of the complete change in Wants and Values, as well as the poor writing in having everyone laser focused on one goal, the characters are just not the same. They are completely different characters.
Why this is Bad
And now to explain why these new characterizations are bad.
First, a lot of people use the excuse that it has been 3 years and people change.
I have a couple of counter points to this. First, is that the beginning of Frozen 2, where Anna and Elsa are children, have them with their new personalities. Elsa is magic focused and a very quiet girl. While Anna is strangely into the politics of the Northuldra and Arendelle, as well as having a disturbingly deep obsession with romance, despite only being five and having an older sister that finds it discussing. It makes more sense that Anna’s obsession with romance happened after Elsa ignored her for 13 years, and she was completely alone for 3 after her parents died. I could go into more detail, but to sum it up, Frozen 1 Elsa is shown to be the older sister with a mischievous and playful side, while Anna is shown her youthfulness and love for her sister, all of this is character traits they have for the rest of the movie and for the shorts. Frozen 2, shows Elsa’s quite shyness and obsession with magic, while Anna is more focused on romance and politics.
In short, the beginning of Frozen 2 act like these character traits were always a part of Anna and Elsa, even though it was never shown in Frozen 1, FF, or OFA. So, the excuses of 3 years having passed does not work here.
And even if the 3 years are the cause of the change, it would be very bad writing. Good writing shows us how and why a character changes. Example, Frozen 1 Elsa. Like I said, when she was a child, we saw her personality of being a mischievous and playful girl, but then the accident happened, and because of that, Elsa is traumatized and becomes the fearful and reserved queen that we know her as. “Do You Want to Build a Snowman”, also helps show us Elsa’s growing fear and anxiety as well. Nothing before Frozen 2, or eve during it gives and explanation for Anna and Elsa’s knew personalities. The Voice and “Into the Unknown”, tries to give a reason for why Elsa wants to find the source of her magic, but not enough that it makes sense that she values finding her source over the life she has made in Arendelle.
Frozen is a work of fiction, and there for it needs to make sense. Ever heard the phrase, “Real life is stranger than fiction”, this is because real life does not need to make sense. People in real life are not expected to be consistent, but characters in a story are.
There are also many great examples of unplanned sequels that stayed true to the characters personalities. Shrek, Puss n Boots, The Rescuers. Hiccup from “How to Train Your Dragon” is a good example, as he clearly grows up between films, but even though he is more mature and confident, it is clearly still him. He is still a strategist over a warrior, along with his awkwardness and snark, along with his deep relationship with Toothless. The first movie helped him find himself and give him confidence, and the sequel showed that growth, but still kept his personality the same.
The one thing that is consistent with Elsa, is her reserved nature and trying to solve the problem herself, as well as her tendency to push Anna away. This also has problems because not only does Elsa have a new personality in the sequel, but her character ark is also reset as well. Elsa already learned that she cannot do everything on her own and that she needs to trust and rely on Anna more. OFA also showed Elsa slowly getting better as well. But Frozen 2 has her reset to zero, and the end result is completely different. Frozen 2 is more focused on having Anna learn the lesson that she needs to let Elsa go, rather than have Elsa learn that being with Anna is the key to happiness and success. It makes it seem like Elsa learned absolutely nothing in Frozen 1, and that Anna had wasted her time trying so hard to reunite with her sister.
And finally, people are going to say that it is okay for Anna and Elsa to have new goals after their original goals had been met in the first film. And yes, you are right, and many sequels do this well. I don’t really remember the first Puss N Boots film, but I don’t believe he had to learn the lesson of not running away from death and live his life to the fullest in it. However, this cannot be done with Frozen and Frozen 2.
The directors and creators of the Frozen franchise say that the two films go together and that they tell one complete story. So why does one movie say one thing, and then the next says a completely different thing? Frozen 1, Elsa belongs in Arendelle despite being different and needs to stop pushing her sister away, let her in her life and they can live happily ever after together. Frozen 2, Elsa belongs in a magical place because she has magic, and Anna needs to let her go as they will live happily ever after separated. Frozen 2 contradicts Frozen 1 and undoes everything the film and characters had worked so hard for. The two films do not go together at all.
End notes.
I thought I would end this post by saying that Anna and Elsa’s new personalities are not bad. They are pretty good personalities, and my only complaint is that the movie needed a little more time with the story, especially giving Elsa more to do then just follow the voice and fight the Spirits, and of course the rushed ending. But at the end of the day, these are not the Anna and Elsa from Frozen 1 that people came to Frozen 2 to see. I have seen so many people say that they felt like they didn’t see the characters they loved at all in Frozen 2, or if they did, it is watered down versions of the characters. This is also why you will see people say Frozen 2 should have been its own original movie that had nothing to do with the Frozen franchise. I honestly believe that Anna and Elsa’s characters were changed to fit the narrative of Frozen 2’s story, rather than let Anna and Elsa’s personality help shape Frozen 2’s story. At the end of the day, to much of Anna and Elsa had been changed, from their personality to their goals, so they just are not the same characters and this is not only bad writing, it is very infuriating and sad for fans of Frozen 1, especially now a days where Disney only ever promotes Frozen 2 everywhere.
Well, that is all for now.
submitted by Masqurade-King to Frozen [link] [comments]


2024.05.12 06:59 Cupcake112014 Analyzing 2000s Strawberry Shortcake: Berry Merry Christmas

As established in my pilot analysis, 2000s Strawberry Shortcake was my childhood. Now, rewatching it as an adult, I look at the show more analytically. Some people may tell me that it's "just a kids show, it's not that deep," but I disagree. I think it’s very important to look critically at kids media, to make sure that it's sending good messages to them, or at least not sending bad messages. Also as adults, we can look back on our childhood staples and see how they affected us. Okay, rant over. These analyses will be filled with spoilers, so read on at your own risk.
Our episode starts with Strawberry planning her Christmas shopping (ft a musical number about it). She's having a hard time figuring out the right gift for Huck. At the same time, Apple clearly misses the wagon that they lost in the pilot ep (sidenote: this is one of the few times where events in a previous episode are acknowledged in later episodes). Custard is a grinch, and attempts to hibernate so that she doesn't have to be involved in the festivities. Pupcake is just being his energetic self. Honey's the first to arrive, since she is going to be taking Strawberry to the north pole. Then, her human friends show up to decorate the tree and they also bring treats to share, which all act as foreshadowing for what their gifts will be. Strawberry tells her friends to make themselves at home while she and Honey are gone, and it's pretty clear that the writers did this so that Strawberry's friends would all be together for the B plot, even though the B plot was nearly non existent. There's one scene showing the others being bored at Strawberry's house. So much more could've been done with that plotline. Anyway, Strawberry takes Honey Pie Pony with her to the North Pole to buy gifts. Honey and Strawberry act as foils to each other, since Strawberry is focused on getting the perfect gifts for her friends, while Honey is focused on how much she wants a saddle and projecting her desires onto the others. Interestingly, this is one of the few episodes where we see adult characters who aren't villainous (looking at you Pie Man, we'll get to you later). She visits several different shops and finds the perfect gifts for everyone: cookie cutters for Ginger Snap since she'd lost her old ones, a sugar plum plant for Orange Blossom since she didn't have any plums to make cider with, and angel cake topper for Angel Cake, a wagon for Apple Dumplin, a cat tree for Custard, a bell collar for Pupcake, and a saddle for Honey. Even after all that shopping, she still can't find anything for Huck, and Honey certainly doesn't provide any good suggestions. Strawberry and Honey end up meeting Santa himself, and Strawberry cries to him about how she can't find a present for Huck, and how she's nearly out of time. Santa asks her what she wants for Christmas, and she insists that she wants nothing except for her friends to be happy. I take issue with Strawberry's characterization in this episode. This could've been an opportunity for Santa to help her realize that she's allowed to want things too, but this doesn't happen. After Honey gives an exhaustive list of wants, Strawberry tells her that they have to go. They then see some kids having a snowball fight, and that gives Strawberry an idea to gift Huck snowballs. She makes a bunch of them and puts them in the wagon. Unfortunately, the snowballs melt, which, come on, how did she not see this coming? There's snow on the ground in Strawberryland, so clearly, they should know how the stuff works. Anyway, Strawberry has to break the news to the others that their gifts were ruined. They forgive her, and then there's a musical number about the gift of friendship. During that song, Santa must have done some Christmas magic to fix/replace the ruined gifts and put them under the tree. Her friends are very happy with their gifts, and even Custard wakes up just in time for hers. Pupcake gifts Honey a bone, which was foreshadowed earlier, and it teaches Honey a lesson about thinking of other people. Strawberry also receives a gift, which is implied to be from Santa, and it's a blanket with her friends' faces. It kinda irks me that it seemed like the others barely brought any gifts for anyone, even though Strawberry was freezing her ass off in the north pole, making sure everyone had a perfect gift. I mentioned earlier that I wish they'd done more with the B plot, and something they could've done was get/make things for Strawberry to surprise her. I'd be worried for anyone who tried to emulate Strawberry from this episode, since more realistically, this kind of behavior would lead to someone being taken advantage of in their relationships and/or developing resentment for others since their relationships would end up being one-sided. All in all, this is the first season, where the authors/creators still hadn't found their stride with this show, and this episode is a clear example where there's a lot of room for improvement.
Comment your thoughts below!
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2024.05.11 16:03 wisdomperception Five Faculties and Way of Practice (SN 48.10, SN 48.18)

Five Faculties and Way of Practice (SN 48.10, SN 48.18)
A formulation of the five faculties by the Buddha, along with the way of practice in cultivating these.
Phra Buddha Chinnarat Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat, Phitsanulok Thailand
"Bhikkhus, these are the five faculties. Which five? The faculty of conviction (faith), persistence (energy), mindfulness, collectedness (samādhi) and wisdom.
And what, bhikkhus, is the faculty of conviction (faith)?
Here, bhikkhus, a disciple of the noble ones has conviction, is convinced in the enlightenment of the Tathāgata, acknowledging: 'Indeed, the Blessed One is an Arahant and perfectly awakened, accomplished in wisdom and conduct, well-gone, knower of the world, an unsurpassed guide for trainable individuals, a teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.' This is called the faculty of conviction.
And what, bhikkhus, is the faculty of persistence (energy)?
Here, bhikkhus, a disciple of the noble ones keeps his persistence aroused for the giving up of unwholesome mental qualities and for the cultivation of wholesome mental qualities. With steadfast determination and unwavering effort, he generates desire, strives, arouses persistence, comprehends with his mind, and makes an effort, both to prevent the arising of unarisen harmful unwholesome mental qualities and to abandon existing ones, and to bring forth and develop unarisen wholesome mental qualities and enhance those that have arisen. This, bhikkhus, is called the faculty of persistence.
And what, bhikkhus, is the faculty of mindfulness?
Here, bhikkhus, a disciple of the noble ones is fully attentive, equipped with utmost mindfulness, able to recall and reflect upon things done and said long ago. He practices by observing the body in and of itself, ardently, with clear comprehension and mindfulness, having put away greed (lust, desire, attachment) and dissatisfaction (aversion, ill-will, resentment) for the world. Similarly, he applies this practice to feelings, mind, and mental qualities, dwelling as an observer who fully understands and remains mindful, eradicating worldly desires and dissatisfaction. This is called the faculty of mindfulness.
And what, bhikkhus, is the faculty of collectedness (samādhi)?
Here, bhikkhus, a disciple of the noble ones, having made letting go his basis, attains stability of mind, attains unification of mind.
  1. Having secluded from sensual pleasures and unwholesome states, he enters and dwells in the first jhāna, which includes reflection and examination (of thoughts), born of (physical) seclusion, filled with rapture (joy) and pleasure.
  2. With the subsiding of reflection and examination (of thoughts), experiencing internal tranquility and unification of mind, he enters and dwells in the second jhāna, which is devoid of reflection and examination, and has rapture (joy) and pleasure born of a stable mind.
  3. With the fading of rapture, he dwells equanimous, mindful, and clearly aware, experiencing pleasure with the body, which the noble ones declare, 'He has a pleasant abiding who has equanimity and is mindful' - he enters and dwells in the third jhāna.
  4. With the letting go of pleasure and pain, and the disappearance of previous joy and grief, he enters and dwells in the fourth jhāna, characterized by neither pain nor pleasure, which possesses purification of awareness by equanimity.
This, bhikkhus, is called the faculty of collectedness.
And what, bhikkhus, is the faculty of wisdom?
Here, bhikkhus, a disciple of the noble ones is wise, endowed with the wisdom that understands the arising and passing away of phenomena, a wisdom that is noble and penetrative, and leads directly to the cessation of suffering. Such a disciple truly understands, 'This is suffering', 'This is the origin of suffering', 'This is the cessation of suffering', and 'This is the path leading to the cessation of suffering'. This is called the faculty of wisdom.
These, bhikkhus, are the five faculties."
Way of Practice (SN 48.18)
  1. "Among these, bhikkhus, when the five faculties are fully developed, one is an Arahant (perfectly enlightened). Those who are lesser in the development of these faculties are practicing for the realization of the fruit of Arahantship.
  2. Those milder still are non-returners; those even milder are practicing for the fruit of non-returning.
  3. Those milder still are once-returners; those even milder are practicing for the fruit of once-returning.
  4. Those milder still are stream-enterers (awakened to the truth of enlightenment); those even milder are practicing for the fruit of stream-entry.
If anyone, bhikkhus, is completely devoid of these five faculties, I declare that such a person stands outside, in the faction of the ordinary person."
——————
These faculties are developed gradually starting with conviction (faith). One develops conviction by closely examining and reflecting on them to independently verify.
Doing the above on a regular basis, consistently, then gives rise to development of the faculty of persistence (energy).
Practicing per the gradual training guidelines alongside doing the above then gives rise to mindfulness. There are five practice areas that one can train in here, a sequential practice until one is finding the described practice become easy, automatic, or second nature is a good place to be at before training in the next.
  1. Practice of ethical conduct The five precepts (AN 8.39)
  2. Application of sense restraint All is Burning (SN 35.28) Causes of diverse quests (SN 14.7)
  3. Practice of moderation in eating A Bucket of Rice (SN 3.13)
  4. Dedicating to wakefulness (meditate 2x or 3x per day) Meditation Practise and Guided Meditations
  5. Practice clear comprehension and mindfulness (refer to the gradual training guidelines post for details on this)
An important quality of mindfulness is the gradual growth in recollection, being able to remember what was said and done long ago and then being able to apply that through the practice of the four foundations of the mindfulness. Until one has greed and aversion present, i.e. one is not a non-returner, one should particularly focus on being established in the practice of mindfulness of the body (See benefits).
One then gradually develops the faculty of collectedness (samādhi). I'm choosing the word collectedness over concentration to avoid the misconception of it as a single point focusing. This faculty is about harmonizing all aspects of the mind.
Once one has cultivated the jhānas and is abiding in them, one furthers development of the faculty of wisdom by experientially penetrating the four noble truths by observing for their arising and passing away (the four noble truths are mental qualities and covered under mindfulness of mental qualities). At this point, one is effectively able to do this as they're tuned in to observe for:
  • Arising and passing of mental hindrances (negative mental qualities of sensual desires, ill-will, complacency, doubt and restlessness/agitation),
  • Arising and passing away of the seven factors of awakening,
  • Arising and passing away of the attachment to the five aggregates, i.e. effectively observing the arising of discontentment in the experience and its cessation as the attachment arises and then ceases through letting go of it.
Here is an organized teaching collection: Handful of leaves to deeply understand the core teaching of the Buddha that he emphasized on understanding more than any other teachings he ever shared.
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2024.05.11 04:42 RealZegnar People can't handle being wrong

TLDR: The human mind has a complex relationship with being wrong. Any thoughts regarding this statement are welcome.
Hey everyone! I don't know if this is the right place to post such a rant, but throughout my relatively long existence, I have discovered a tendency in humans of every age and background for a strong aversion to being wrong in any way. And now that I think about it, this phenomenon has weaved its vicious spidersilk over the human experience since time immemorial, from causing petty conflicts in our lives to causing major humanitarian disasters arguably.
What's worrying about this is that I've been observing this tendency in three places for the past two-ish decades: people I know, my own inner self, and online
I'll start with the easiest one, as I have the most immediate insight into this territory by virtue of literally being me. I think I have a very tricky relationship with this issue. By the ripe age of 27 and a half, I'm starting to feel pretty confident in saying that I feel grateful whenever I stand corrected, as I am primarily interested in finding out as much about truth and reality as possible. It might be an illusory sense of direction towards a nebulous notion of a unified truth, but every time I am corrected, I feel like I'm drifting towards this mirage. And this gives me a sense of satisfaction for better or for worse.
My experiences with other people, on the other hand, have led me to believe that it's all too common to take any sort of information contrary to what they may be holding to be true at any given time to be a personal attack against their ego (probably a key word, so as a sidenote, I'm aware that I have a pretty big ego myself, which I'm less willing than able to let go of). Luckily, I have the opportunity to associate with like-minded friends on a regular basis. My friend group consists of people educated in various things, topped with all kinds of skills and what not. We all are interested in fields that require lots of critical thinking. This probably means that at some point, we have had to struggle with the concept of being wrong about things as an existential threat to our egos for some reason.
But sometimes I encounter the kinds of people who just won't take it if I even dare to suggest that they might not be perfectly correct about something. I like to think that I'm not a 'well, actually' guy, I'd rather characterize myself as the one daring to call the emperor naked as long as the narrative is in my hands, which it is for now.
But the third kind of space this phenomenon manifests itself is arguably the most worrying one. In online spaces there always seems to be an ethos that if you are proven wrong in anything, you are utterly defeated as a human being. Why? I mean, I kinda understand the drive. When I was a very young kid, I made my most Dunning-Kruegeresque thing ever. So I refused any adults to teach me how to swim, because I had claimed that I could already swim. I walked on my hands in the bottom of the lake, I practically looked like I was swimming, therefore I truly believed that I could swim, and I found it patronizing for anyone to try and teach me how to swim. Needless to say, it took me many years to then figure out how to actually swim. But this is the kind of behavior adult human beings prohibit on a large scale on this magnificent thing that was trying its wings while I was growing up, called the internet. And at such a massive scale, I am afraid that the consequences could be far more grave than some kid taking a couple more years to learn how to swim.
As a conclusion, there is no definitive conclusion - I am still trying to wrap my mind around this aspect of the human experience, which is far from alien to me. Would it be better to teach everyone how to appreciate being wrong? Or would doing so just broadcast a message of 'you are supposed to be wrong', probably translating in lots of minds as 'you are worthless, and you are going to be wrong'? In my opinion, the answers to these questions are yes and yes if it's not done right. I don't really know why I wanted to make a post about this exact topic, I just like contemplating stuff. I hope to spark some sort of discussion regardless of the long post.
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2024.05.10 16:08 adulting4kids Star Seeds and Lucid Dreams

Star seeds are individuals who hold the belief that their souls originated from other planets or celestial bodies. This concept suggests a spiritual or cosmic connection beyond Earth. Common characteristics associated with star seeds include heightened intuition, a strong sense of purpose, and a deep connection to nature.
  1. Heightened Intuition:
    • Star seeds often report an elevated sense of intuition, a heightened awareness that goes beyond conventional understanding.
    • Intuitive insights may include a profound understanding of people, events, or a keen perception of energy fields.
  2. Strong Sense of Purpose:
    • Individuals identifying as star seeds frequently express a strong sense of purpose or mission on Earth.
    • This purpose often revolves around contributing to positive change, spiritual awakening, or assisting in the evolution of human consciousness.
  3. Deep Connection to Nature:
    • Many star seeds feel a profound connection to nature, describing an intuitive understanding and appreciation for the Earth's elements.
    • Nature serves as a source of solace, inspiration, and a medium through which they feel more attuned to their cosmic origins.
  4. Unconventional Beliefs:
    • Star seeds may embrace unconventional spiritual or metaphysical beliefs that set them apart from mainstream perspectives.
    • These beliefs often encompass topics such as reincarnation, extraterrestrial existence, and a broader cosmic consciousness.
  5. Empathy and Sensitivity:
    • Empathy and heightened sensitivity to energies are common traits among star seeds.
    • They may feel deeply connected to the emotions and energies of others, often experiencing a strong desire to alleviate suffering and promote healing.
  6. Drawn to Cosmic and Metaphysical Topics:
    • Star seeds are naturally drawn to cosmic and metaphysical subjects, showing a keen interest in topics like astrology, ancient civilizations, and the study of extraterrestrial life.
  7. Dream and Astral Experiences:
    • Many star seeds report vivid dreams, astral projections, or experiences that transcend the boundaries of ordinary consciousness.
    • These experiences often play a significant role in shaping their understanding of their cosmic origins.
In essence, star seeds embody a unique blend of spiritual, intuitive, and empathic qualities that guide them on a journey of self-discovery and a deeper connection to the cosmos. Their beliefs and characteristics contribute to a rich tapestry of perspectives within the broader spiritual and metaphysical communities.
Indigo, Crystal, and Rainbow Children: Exploring Star Seed Classifications
  1. Indigo Children:
    • Attributes:
      • Characterized by strong-willed, independent, and intuitive traits.
      • Often possess a deep sense of empathy and a desire to challenge societal norms.
    • Personal Stories:
      • Indigo children may share experiences of feeling different from a young age, often perceiving the world with a heightened sense of awareness.
      • Testimonials may highlight their inclination towards creative or alternative pursuits and a strong sense of purpose in effecting positive change.
  2. Crystal Children:
    • Attributes:
      • Known for their gentle and empathic nature.
      • Possess a deep connection to spirituality, often displaying wisdom beyond their years.
    • Personal Stories:
      • Crystal children may recount early memories of spiritual experiences or an innate understanding of metaphysical concepts.
      • Testimonials might emphasize their ability to foster peace and harmony, acting as natural healers within their communities.
  3. Rainbow Children:
    • Attributes:
      • Considered the next evolutionary step, embodying a higher level of consciousness.
      • Display a vibrant and diverse range of talents and abilities.
    • Personal Stories:
      • Rainbow children may share experiences of feeling a strong connection to cosmic energies or a sense of unity with all living beings.
      • Testimonials often highlight their creative expression, advanced problem-solving skills, and a deep commitment to promoting harmony.
Personal Stories and Testimonials:
  1. Indigo Child Experience:
    • Jane, an indigo child, recalls feeling a deep sense of purpose from childhood. She shares how her intuitive abilities led her to unconventional paths, eventually becoming an advocate for environmental causes and social justice.
  2. Crystal Child Perspective:
    • Mark, a crystal child, reflects on his early fascination with spirituality and energy. His testimony emphasizes a profound connection to nature and how this connection has guided him in developing holistic healing practices.
  3. Rainbow Child Journey:
    • Sarah, a rainbow child, narrates her experiences of vivid dreams and a sense of interconnectedness with the universe. Her story revolves around using her artistic talents to spread messages of love and unity, contributing to the evolving consciousness of humanity.
These personal stories provide glimpses into the diverse experiences of individuals identifying as star seeds. While each classification carries unique attributes, the overarching theme is a shared commitment to personal growth, spiritual development, and contributing positively to the world around them. The classifications serve as frameworks for understanding the multifaceted nature of star seeds and their roles in the ongoing evolution of human consciousness.
Understanding Lucid Dreaming: A State of Conscious Dream Control
Lucid dreaming refers to a state in which individuals are fully aware that they are dreaming, allowing them to actively participate in and manipulate the dream environment. This unique phenomenon provides a playground for the conscious mind within the realm of dreams.
  1. Awareness Within the Dream:
    • Lucid dreamers maintain consciousness while navigating the dream landscape, realizing that the events unfolding are products of their own imagination.
    • This heightened awareness distinguishes lucid dreams from typical dreaming experiences.
  2. Active Participation:
    • Lucid dreamers can actively engage with the dream narrative, interact with dream characters, and make intentional decisions.
    • The dreamer becomes both the protagonist and director of their dream storyline.
  3. Manipulating the Dream Environment:
    • Lucid dreamers possess the ability to influence the dream environment, changing elements such as scenery, weather, or even their own appearance.
    • This manipulation occurs in real-time, reflecting the dreamer's conscious desires.
Anecdotes and Studies on Vividness and Control:
  1. Vividness of Lucid Dreams:
    • Sarah, a frequent lucid dreamer, describes the vividness of her dreams with remarkable detail. She recounts experiences of feeling textures, tasting flavors, and experiencing emotions with a heightened intensity beyond waking life.
  2. Control Over Dream Elements:
    • Mark, an avid lucid dreamer, shares an anecdote of flying over surreal landscapes during a lucid dream. He describes the sensation of controlling his flight path effortlessly, reveling in the freedom and exhilaration of the experience.
  3. Scientific Studies on Lucid Dreaming:
    • Studies using neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), have explored the brain activity associated with lucid dreaming.
    • Research suggests that during lucid dreaming, regions of the brain associated with self-awareness and decision-making are highly activated, supporting the idea of conscious control within dreams.
  4. Application of Lucid Dreaming Techniques:
    • Lucid dreaming techniques, such as reality checks and dream journaling, have been studied for their effectiveness in inducing and enhancing lucid dreams.
    • Anecdotal evidence from individuals practicing these techniques highlights improved dream recall, increased frequency of lucid dreams, and enhanced control over dream content.
In essence, lucid dreaming offers a fascinating intersection of consciousness and imagination. Anecdotes and scientific studies alike emphasize the vividness and control experienced by lucid dreamers, showcasing the extraordinary potential of the human mind to shape and explore alternate realities within the realm of dreams.
Individuals who identify as both star seeds and active lucid dreamers often describe profound and unique experiences that blend elements of their cosmic beliefs with the imaginative realm of lucid dreaming. Shared experiences include encounters with extraterrestrial beings and visits to distant celestial realms, providing a fascinating intersection of their spiritual identity and dream exploration.
  1. Encounters with Extraterrestrial Beings:
    • Lucid dreamers who identify as star seeds commonly report vivid encounters with extraterrestrial beings during their dreams.
    • Descriptions often involve communication through telepathy, sharing of wisdom, and a sense of connection to these otherworldly entities.
    Testimonial: - Sarah, a star seed and lucid dreamer, recounts a dream where she found herself on a spacecraft. In this lucid dream, she interacted with beings of light who communicated profound insights about the interconnectedness of all life in the universe. The experience left her with a deep sense of purpose and a stronger belief in her extraterrestrial origins.
  2. Visiting Distant Celestial Realms:
    • Star seeds who practice lucid dreaming frequently describe journeys to celestial realms that go beyond the confines of Earth.
    • These dreams often involve exploring breathtaking landscapes, encountering cosmic energies, and feeling a profound connection to the vastness of the universe.
    Testimonial: - Mark, a star seed and experienced lucid dreamer, shares a dream where he found himself on a distant planet bathed in ethereal light. In this lucid dream, he felt a sense of unity with the cosmos and received guidance on his earthly mission. The dream reinforced his belief in a cosmic connection that transcends physical boundaries.
  3. Integration of Spiritual Beliefs:
    • Star seeds who actively engage in lucid dreaming often integrate their spiritual beliefs into the dream narrative, creating a seamless blend of cosmic consciousness and dream exploration.
    • This integration may involve seeking guidance from higher beings, receiving downloads of cosmic knowledge, or participating in collective consciousness experiences.
    Testimonial: - Emma, a dedicated lucid dreamer and star seed, describes dreams where she engages in telepathic communication with a collective of beings who guide her in understanding the interconnected web of consciousness. These experiences, she believes, serve as a bridge between her earthly existence and cosmic origins.
In summary, the shared experiences of individuals identifying as both star seeds and active lucid dreamers offer a glimpse into a fascinating realm where spirituality, cosmic beliefs, and dream exploration converge. These narratives provide a rich tapestry of personal encounters, reinforcing the intricate relationship between one's cosmic identity and the boundless possibilities within the lucid dream landscape.
Synergy of Star Seed Beliefs and Lucid Dreaming: A Path to Spiritual Growth and Self-Discovery
  1. Enhanced Spiritual Awareness:
    • The combination of star seed beliefs and lucid dreaming practices often leads to heightened spiritual awareness.
    • Lucid dreamers with star seed inclinations report a deepened understanding of their cosmic origins, contributing to a broader perspective on spirituality.
    Insight: - Mark, a practitioner of both star seed beliefs and lucid dreaming, expresses that his dreams serve as a bridge to a higher state of consciousness. The lucid dream environment allows him to explore and integrate the spiritual insights gained through his star seed beliefs, fostering a continuous journey of self-discovery.
  2. Accessing Cosmic Guidance:
    • Star seeds who engage in lucid dreaming often describe encounters with cosmic guides or extraterrestrial beings, providing guidance and wisdom.
    • Lucid dreams become a space for seeking answers to existential questions and receiving personalized insights.
    Insight: - Emma, a believer in her star seed origins, shares that her lucid dreams feel like direct conversations with cosmic mentors. These dream interactions offer guidance on her life path, helping her align with her higher purpose and contributing to her spiritual growth.
  3. Integration of Cosmic Energies:
    • Lucid dreaming practices can serve as a means of integrating cosmic energies and experiences into one's daily life.
    • Star seeds often find that the lucid dream state allows for a more profound connection to the universal energies that shape their beliefs.
    Insight: - Sarah, who identifies strongly as a star seed, emphasizes that her lucid dreams act as a conduit for cosmic energies. Through intentional practices within lucid dreams, such as energy work and visualization, she feels a direct alignment with the celestial forces that influence her spiritual journey.
  4. Revelations about Extraterrestrial Origins:
    • Lucid dreamers who embrace star seed beliefs may encounter scenarios in dreams that reinforce their connection to extraterrestrial origins.
    • These dreams serve as powerful affirmations, providing a visceral and personal experience of their cosmic identity.
    Insight: - James, a star seed enthusiast and lucid dreamer, shares a dream where he witnessed a vivid recollection of his arrival on Earth from another planetary system. This dream not only affirmed his star seed beliefs but also fueled a sense of purpose and responsibility tied to his cosmic origins.
In conclusion, the combination of star seed beliefs and lucid dreaming practices forms a symbiotic relationship, fostering spiritual growth and self-discovery. The lucid dream space becomes a canvas for exploring, integrating, and affirming one's cosmic identity, leading to a profound and transformative journey of self-awareness within the context of a broader cosmic consciousness.
If you're interested in learning more about star seeds, lucid dreaming, or the intersection of spirituality and dream experiences, consider looking into academic journals, reputable websites, and books on the following subjects:
Star Seeds: 1. "The Indigo Children: The New Kids Have Arrived" by Lee Carroll and Jan Tober. 2. "The Crystal Children: A Guide to the Newest Generation of Psychic and Sensitive Children" by Doreen Virtue. 3. Explore online communities and forums dedicated to star seeds for personal testimonials and shared experiences.
Lucid Dreaming: 1. "Exploring the World of Lucid Dreaming" by Stephen LaBerge and Howard Rheingold. 2. "Lucid Dreaming: Gateway to the Inner Self" by Robert Waggoner. 3. Research articles from the Journal of Lucid Dreaming and other reputable publications.
Spiritual Growth and Self-Discovery: 1. "The Power of Now: A Guide to Spiritual Enlightenment" by Eckhart Tolle. 2. "The Celestine Prophecy" by James Redfield. 3. Explore works by Carl Jung on the integration of the unconscious and spiritual growth.
Here are additional suggested readings for further exploration:
Star Seeds: 1. "The Three Waves of Volunteers and the New Earth" by Dolores Cannon. 2. "Bringers of the Dawn: Teachings from the Pleiadians" by Barbara Marciniak. 3. "The Hidden Messages in Water" by Masaru Emoto (for exploring the connection to nature and consciousness).
Lucid Dreaming: 1. "The Tibetan Yogas of Dream and Sleep" by Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche. 2. "Lucid Dreaming: A Concise Guide to Awakening in Your Dreams and in Your Life" by Stephen LaBerge. 3. "Dreaming Wide Awake: Lucid Dreaming, Shamanic Healing, and Psychedelics" by David Jay Brown.
Spiritual Growth and Self-Discovery: 1. "The Seat of the Soul" by Gary Zukav. 2. "The Four Agreements: A Practical Guide to Personal Freedom" by Don Miguel Ruiz. 3. "The Art of Happiness" by Dalai Lama XIV and Howard Cutler.
Connection to Extraterrestrial Origins: 1. "Communion: A True Story" by Whitley Strieber. 2. "The Ra Material: An Ancient Astronaut Speaks" by Don Elkins, Carla Rueckert, and James Allen McCarty. 3. "Messages from the Pleiades: The Contact Notes of Eduard Billy Meier" by Wendelle C. Stevens.
Remember to approach these readings with an open mind and a critical perspective, as belief systems vary, and personal experiences can be highly subjective. Additionally, staying updated with recent publications and academic research in these fields can provide a well-rounded understanding of evolving perspectives and discussions.
Article Summary: Navigating Cosmic Realms - Star Seeds and Lucid Dreams
In this exploration of the intriguing intersection between star seeds and lucid dreaming, we embarked on a journey into the realms of cosmic beliefs and dream consciousness. Star seeds, individuals who perceive their souls as originating from celestial bodies, exhibit distinct characteristics such as heightened intuition, a strong sense of purpose, and a deep connection to nature. We then delved into the classifications within the star seed community—Indigo, Crystal, and Rainbow children—each contributing unique attributes to the tapestry of cosmic identities.
Transitioning into the world of lucid dreaming, we unveiled the phenomenon as a state of conscious dream control, where individuals are not only aware they are dreaming but can actively participate in and manipulate the dream environment. Through personal anecdotes and scientific studies, we witnessed the vividness and control experienced by lucid dreamers, highlighting the potential of dreams as a canvas for creative exploration.
As we examined the interplay between star seed beliefs and lucid dreaming practices, it became evident that these realms intertwine, offering a profound avenue for spiritual growth and self-discovery. Lucid dreamers who identify as star seeds share their experiences of encountering extraterrestrial beings and visiting celestial realms during dreams. These shared narratives underscore the transformative potential of dreams to amplify spiritual awareness, access cosmic guidance, and integrate cosmic energies into waking life.
In the final section, we explored how the combination of star seed beliefs and lucid dreaming forms a symbiotic relationship. Insights from those who feel a direct connection to their extraterrestrial origins through lucid dreams revealed a seamless integration of cosmic insights into their spiritual journeys. These shared experiences serve as a testament to the powerful synergy between cosmic beliefs and dream exploration.
In essence, the article invites readers to contemplate the profound connections between their cosmic identities and the boundless possibilities within the lucid dream landscape. Whether navigating the cosmos as a star seed or actively shaping dreams, individuals find a unique path to self-discovery, spiritual growth, and an enriched understanding of the intricate relationship between the human psyche and the cosmic tapestry that surrounds us.
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2024.05.10 12:26 One_Instruction_3567 What were the motivations behind and how widespread was anti scientific thinking in 20th century authoritarian regimes based on ideology?

I’ve read in the past (but on a very surface level) that Nazis rejected the ideas of relatively based on the fact that it was “Jewish science” or that the Soviets didn’t believe in the theory of evolution, but never went too deep into the subject. Recently, I read the novel “the three body problem” where in the beginning there’s a scene where a professor during the Cultural Revolution is being chastised for his ideas and teachings in physics and how his ideas are supposedly counter revolutionary.
I understand more or less the thought process when people reject scientific ideas based on religion, because they just think they’re not true, however, at least the way it was characterized in the novel, these ideas in authoritarian regimes were rejected because of their supposedly counter revolutionary nature. So they’re not saying that the ideas aren’t necessarily true, but they’re saying they’re not in line with the ideology. In fact I think at some point someone in the novel mentioned that ideology must guide science. Is that a correct characterization of the antiscientific zeitgeist of those regimes ? And if so how, how could supposedly technocratic societies like the USSR justify this?
Are there any other notable examples of this? Are there any books or further sources you recommend to delve deeper into this subject?
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2024.05.10 11:57 rehabphysiatrix Finding Relief: How Physiotherapy Can Help Eliminate Sciatica

Introduction:
Sciatica is a common condition characterized by pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, which branches from your lower back through your hips and buttocks and down each leg. This condition can be debilitating, affecting your daily activities and quality of life. While medication can provide temporary relief, physiotherapy offers a holistic approach to treating sciatica by addressing its root causes and providing long-term relief.
1. Understanding Sciatica:
Sciatica is often caused by compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve, which can result from a variety of factors such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or muscle tightness. The pain associated with sciatica can range from mild to severe and may be accompanied by numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected leg.
2. How Physiotherapy Helps:
Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in the treatment of sciatica by focusing on relieving pain, improving mobility, and addressing the underlying causes of the condition. Here's how physiotherapy can help eliminate sciatica:
3. Targeted Exercise Programs:
Physiotherapists design personalized exercise programs that aim to strengthen the muscles supporting the spine, improve flexibility, and reduce pressure on the sciatic nerve. These exercises can help alleviate pain and discomfort, as well as prevent future episodes of sciatica.
4. Manual Therapy Techniques:
Manual therapy techniques such as massage, joint mobilization, and stretching can help reduce muscle tension, improve circulation, and promote healing. These techniques can also target specific areas of tightness or stiffness along the spine, providing immediate relief from sciatic pain.
5. Postural Correction:
Poor posture can contribute to sciatic nerve compression and worsen symptoms of sciatica. Physiotherapists can assess your posture and biomechanics to identify any imbalances or abnormalities that may be contributing to your condition. By correcting your posture and teaching you proper body mechanics, physiotherapy can help alleviate pressure on the sciatic nerve and reduce pain.
6. Education and Lifestyle Modifications:
Physiotherapy also involves educating patients about their condition and providing guidance on lifestyle modifications that can help manage and prevent sciatica. This may include advice on ergonomics, proper lifting techniques, and exercises to improve posture and strengthen the core muscles.
Conclusion:
Sciatica can be a painful and debilitating condition, but physiotherapy offers a safe and effective way to manage and eliminate its symptoms. By addressing the underlying causes of sciatica and providing targeted treatments, physiotherapy can help you find relief and regain your mobility and quality of life. If you're struggling with sciatica, consider consulting with a physiotherapist to explore your treatment options and start your journey towards recovery.
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2024.05.10 10:04 mansisingh789 The Essence of Jain Matrimony: Love, Tradition, and Harmony.

The Essence of Jain Matrimony: Love, Tradition, and Harmony.
Introduction:
In the vibrant tapestry of Indian culture, Jainism stands out for its principles of non-violence, compassion, and spiritual awakening. Within this ancient tradition, marriage holds a special significance, symbolizing not just the union of two individuals but the merging of families, values, and aspirations. Jain Matrimony, rooted in centuries-old customs and beliefs, embodies the essence of love, tradition, and harmony. In this article, we delve into the unique aspects of Jain Matrimony, exploring how it fosters meaningful relationships grounded in spirituality and mutual respect.
https://preview.redd.it/1rv804d23kzc1.png?width=1200&format=png&auto=webp&s=698d6ff0b173ff565df85f07c5e55de8db60ec84
Spiritual Foundation:
At the heart of Jain Matrimony lies a deep reverence for spiritual principles and ethical conduct. Jainism teaches the importance of leading a life guided by non-violence (ahimsa), truthfulness (satya), and self-discipline (tapas). These values form the cornerstone of Jain Matrimony, shaping the behavior and expectations of individuals seeking life partners within the community. By prioritizing spiritual compatibility and shared ethical values, Jain Matrimony lays the groundwork for harmonious and fulfilling relationships.
Importance of Family and Community:
In Jain Matrimony, the concept of marriage extends beyond the union of two individuals to encompass the merging of families and communities. Family plays a central role in the matchmaking process, with parents and elders actively involved in the search for suitable matches. Jain families seek partners who not only share similar religious beliefs and cultural backgrounds but also uphold traditional values and customs. This emphasis on familial harmony fosters a sense of belonging and solidarity within the community.
Rituals and Ceremonies:
Jain Matrimony is steeped in rich rituals and ceremonies that reflect the community's cultural heritage and spiritual beliefs. From the pre-wedding rituals like Laghana Lekhan and Lagna Patrika to the solemnization of marriage through the Anupreksha ceremony, each ritual holds symbolic significance and reinforces the sacredness of the marital bond. Jain weddings are characterized by simplicity, humility, and reverence, with rituals conducted in accordance with religious scriptures and traditions.
Embracing Simplicity and Non-Attachment:
Central to Jain philosophy is the principle of non-attachment (aparigraha) and simplicity (anekantavada). These teachings emphasize the importance of leading a life free from material desires and attachments. In Jain Matrimony, simplicity is celebrated through modest weddings and a focus on inner virtues rather than external extravagance. Couples are encouraged to cultivate a spirit of detachment and contentment, prioritizing spiritual growth and harmony in their union.
Mutual Respect and Understanding:
A key aspect of Jain Matrimony is the emphasis on mutual respect and understanding between partners. Jain teachings emphasize the importance of empathy, compassion, and non-violent communication in fostering harmonious relationships. Couples are encouraged to resolve conflicts through dialogue and compromise, with a focus on maintaining peace and harmony within the marital union. By nurturing mutual respect and understanding, Jain Matrimony fosters relationships built on trust, compassion, and shared values.
Conclusion:
Jain Matrimony encapsulates the timeless values of love, tradition, and harmony that have guided the Jain community for centuries. Grounded in spiritual principles and ethical conduct, Jain Matrimony celebrates the sacred bond of marriage as a union of souls destined to journey together towards spiritual enlightenment. Through rituals, ceremonies, and a deep reverence for tradition, Jain Matrimony fosters relationships that are not only built on love and companionship but also on a shared commitment to spiritual growth and ethical living.

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2024.05.10 05:36 The_Way358 Essential Teachings: The Political and Cultural Context of the New Testament

The End of the Old Testament

Beginning in 606 BC, Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon launched the first of three successive attacks upon the city of Jerusalem and the people of Judah. During the second attack (597 BC), Ezekiel, Daniel, and about 10,000 other inhabitants of Jerusalem were carried into captivity. During the third attack (587-586 BC) Jerusalem was completely destroyed. Her walls were broken down. The gates were burned. The temple was destroyed. The city was left desolate in shambles.
While in captivity, Daniel foretold that the Babylonian Empire would be overtaken by the Medes and the Persians, the Medes and the Persians would be conquered by the Greeks, the Greeks would be conquered by the Maccabeans (Hasmoneans), and the Hasmoneans would be conquered by the Romans. The Romans later installed the Herodians as vassal (or "client") kings of Rome over Judea. Daniel further foretold that the establishment of the kingdom of God would take place during the days of the this mixed empire (Dan. 2:41-44); this empire began near the end of the "intertestamental period," spilling over into the times of the New Testament.

The Intertestamental Period

The time between the last writings of the Old Testament and the appearance of Christ is known as the “intertestamental” (or “between the testaments”) period. It lasted from the prophet Malachi’s time (about 400 BC) to the preaching of John the Baptist (about AD 25). The political, religious, and social atmosphere of Israel changed significantly during this period. Again, much of what happened was predicted by the prophet Daniel. (See Daniel chapters 2, 7, 8, and 11 and compare to historical events.)
Israel was under the control of the Persian Empire about 539–332 BC. The Persians allowed the Jews to practice their religion with little interference. They were even allowed to rebuild and worship at the temple (2 Chron. 36:22-23, Ezra 1:1-4). This span of time included the last 100 years of the Old Testament period and about the first 100 years of the intertestamental period. This time of relative peace and contentment was just the calm before the storm.
During the intertestamental period, Alexander the Great defeated Darius of Persia, bringing Greek rule to the world. Alexander was a student of Aristotle and was well-educated in Greek philosophy and politics. Alexander required that Greek culture be promoted in every land that he conquered. As a result, the Hebrew Old Testament was translated into Greek, becoming the translation known as the Septuagint. Most of the New Testament references to Old Testament Scripture use the Septuagint phrasing. Alexander did allow religious freedom for the Jews, though he still strongly promoted Greek lifestyles. This was not a good turn of events for Israel, since the Greek culture was very worldly, humanistic, and ungodly. As a result, many in the Jewish population would begin to adopt increasingly Hellenistic views and ways of thinking about God and the Scriptures.
After Alexander died, Judea was ruled by a series of successors, culminating in the Selucid king Antiochus Epiphanes. Antiochus did far more than refuse religious freedom to the Jews. Around 167 BC, he overthrew the rightful line of the priesthood and desecrated the temple, defiling it with unclean animals and a pagan altar (see Mark 13:14 for a similar event to take place in the then future). Antiochus’ act was the religious equivalent of rape. Eventually, Jewish resistance to Antiochus, led by Judas Maccabeus and the Hasmoneans, restored Jewish priests and rescued the temple. The period of the Maccabean Revolt was one of war, violence, and infighting.
Around 63 BC, Pompey of Rome conquered Israel, putting all of Judea under control of the Caesars. This eventually led to Herod being made the vassal (or "client") king of Judea by the Roman emperor and senate. This is the nation that taxed and controlled the Jews and eventually executed the Messiah on a Roman cross. Roman, Greek, and Hebrew cultures were now mixed together in Judea.
The years of Herod’s rule were a time of turmoil for the Jewish people. He was an Idumean. His ancestors had been forced to convert to Judaism, but the Jews never accepted Herod. In fact, they resented him. He was the representative of a foreign power. Scheming, jealous, and cruel, he killed two of his own wives and at least three of his own sons. Just five days before his own death, Herod had his oldest son, Antipater, put to death. Augustus once said that it was better to be Herod’s pig than his son (a wordplay, since the Greek words for pig, hus, and for son, huios, sound very much alike). His relations with Rome were sometimes troubled due to the unsettled conditions in the empire. Herod was a strong supporter of Antony, though he could not tolerate Cleopatra with whom Antony had become enamored. When Antony was defeated by Octavian (31 BC), Herod pledged his full support to Octavian.
Herod proved himself an efficient administrator on behalf of Rome. He kept the peace among a people who were hard to rule. He was a cruel and merciless man. Yet, during a time of great famine, he used his own funds to feed the people. Among his many building projects in Jerusalem, his greatest contribution to the Jews was the beautification of the Temple in Jerusalem. This beautification seems to have largely been an attempt to conciliate his subjects. The Temple, decorated with white marble, gold, and jewels, became proverbial for its splendor: “Whoever has not seen the temple of Herod has seen nothing beautiful.”
It was during the reign of Herod that Jesus was born (Matt. 2:1-18, Luke 1:5). Herod was the king who ordered the execution of the male babies in Bethlehem, for fear of being usurped by the prophesied Messiah (Matt. 2:16-18).

Major Political Events of the New Testament

At his death (4 BC), Herod left his kingdom to three of his sons. Antipas became tetrarch (“ruler of a fourth”) of Galilee and Perea (4 BC–AD 39). Philip became tetrarch of the Gentile regions to the northeast of the Sea of Galilee (4 BC—AD 34). Archelaus was to be king of Judea and Samaria, but Rome refused to give him the title of king. He was ethnarch (“ruler of the people”) of these two territories. He proved to be a poor ruler and was deposed (6 AD). His territories were placed under the direct rule of Roman procurators under the control of the governor of Syria.
John the Baptist rebuked Antipas for divorcing his wife in order to marry Herodias, the wife of Philip, his half brother. In retaliation, Herodias induced her dancing daughter to demand the head of John the Baptist. Antipas yielded to the grisly request (Mark 6:17-29, Matt. 14:3-12). Jesus once referred to Antipas as “that fox” (Luke 13:32). Later Jesus stood trial before him (Luke 23:7-12).
Except for brief periods, Roman governors ruled Archelaus’s former territory. The fifth procurator appointed to rule over Judea was Pontius Pilate, before whom Jesus stood trial prior to his crucifixion. Interestingly, three times Pilate pronounced Jesus innocent, yet he lacked the courage to set him free for fear of the angry mob whipped up by the enemies of Christ (John 18).
Herod Agrippa I, grandson of Herod the Great, executed James, the apostle and son of Zebedee, and imprisoned Peter (Acts 12:1-5). He was smitten of God when he accepted the praise of the people, “It is the voice of a god, and not of a man.” Luke tells us that because “he gave not God the glory,” “the angel of the Lord smote him" and "he was eaten of worms," and died (Acts 12:21-23).
The governor Felix heard the apostle Paul preach the gospel and trembled at the word, yet postponed obeying the gospel (Acts 24–25). He hoped that Paul would bribe him with money, but Paul never did and remained a prisoner for two years under the governor Felix.
Festus, who took the place of Felix, also heard Paul’s case (Acts 25). Willing to do the Jews a favor, Festus suggested that Paul return to Jerusalem to stand trial. Being a Roman citizen, and knowing that the Jews intended to kill him, Paul appealed his case to Caesar.
This presented a problem for Festus. He had no choice but to send Paul to Rome. The problem was that he did not have any charges to write in the papers to accompany Paul to Rome. Thus, he asked Herod Agrippa II, great-grandson of Herod the Great, to listen to Paul’s self-defense and see if he could determine what charges should be written against Paul before sending his case to Rome. Agrippa heard Paul’s self-defense and was “almost” persuaded to become a Christian himself (Acts 26:28).
Upon the death of Festus, Albinis and then Florus were appointed governors of Judea. It was during Florus' reign that the Jewish revolt of AD 66-70 took place, which ended with the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple in AD 70.

Groups, Peoples, and Philosophies of the Day

During the span of the Greek and Roman occupations, some important political/religious groups emerged in Israel. In a study of the New Testament, it is important to consider the historical background and significance of some of the Jewish groups in Palestine at the time, whose names are familiar as participants in the drama of early Christianity. These were the groups with whom Christ Jesus had to deal as he observed and often challenged their views. Entrenched in positions of authority and leadership through anciently established hierarchy, tradition, or inheritance, their resistance to change was almost inevitable.
Most familiar of the New Testament parties and groups in political and religious life were the Sadducees, the Pharisees, and the scribes. The nationalistic and revolutionary Zealots are also mentioned. The Herodians were exclusively a political party, members and supporters of the family of the Herods, whose titular authority was permitted by Rome. Finally, there's the Galileeans and the Samaritans, who weren't necessarily attached to any of the aformentioned ideologies, but were citizens of their respective states.
Jews and Samaritans were to have no dealings with each other, so Samaritans technically had no dog in this fight between the Jews' themselves and their own ideologies, but it's important to mention them because they contribute to the narrative of the New Testament through Jesus' dealings with them, and his famous parable of "the Good Samaritan."
THE SADDUCEES
The Sadducees constituted a conservative priestly party among the Jews. Their name probably derived from Zadok, the high priest who anointed Solomon as king (1 Kings 1:39). Comprised of high-priestly families from the Jewish aristocracy, who had come into power largely during the Maccabean War, they were educated and wealthy men, fairly few but wielding great power. No man who was unable to trace his descent from a priestly family could offer sacrifice in the Temple. The Sadducees represented the aristocrats and the wealthy. The Sadducees, who wielded power through the Sanhedrin, rejected all but the Mosaic books of the Old Testament. They refused to believe in resurrection and were generally shadows of the Greeks, whom they greatly admired.
While upholding the spread of Greek culture, the Sadducees stressed the letter of the Mosaic Law, or Torah. They denied the authority even of ancient tradition, and rejected the current concepts of angels, immortality, resurrection, and final judgment (Mark 12:18‐27, Acts 4:1-2; 23:8). They jealously guarded Temple worship and sacrificial rites, objecting to Jesus' cleansing of the Temple, which infringed their religious authority. After the destruction of the Second (or Herod's) Temple in 70 AD, when the Jewish state came to an end, their sway virtually ceased. In the absence of the Temple, the office of priest became obsolete, to be succeeded by that of the rabbi in the synagogue.
THE PHARISEES
It was when the people were in exile, Solomon's Temple having been destroyed, that the need arose for local gathering places, which became the forerunners of the synagogue. Even after some of the exiles returned to Palestine, and the Second (or Zerubbabel's) Temple was built, the continued dispersion of many Jews and the demand for Scriptural knowledge that came with the religious reformation of Ezra and Nehemiah made the synagogue and its school increasingly necessary. In New Testament times they prevailed in all cities and towns where Jewish people resided.
The beginnings of Pharisaism go back to the days of Ezra and Nehemiah, who lived about 450 years before the New Testament era. Ezra did much to bring stability to his nation in a period of downfall and discouragement. He upheld two main concepts, which formed, as it were, the heart of Pharisaism. First, he erected a distinct barrier between Jew and Gentile. The Jews he regarded as God's holy people. Intermarriage between them and others of mixed ancestry', such as the Samaritans, was not to be tolerated. Also, he made the Law of Moses the central point of Jewish religion, virtually establishing it as the constitution of the Jewish people.
In their objection to the Hellenizing of Judaism, after the rise of Alexander the Great, many Jews became even more strict in their desire to maintain the purity of their law and tradition. Thus it is easy to see how they came to be called Pharisees (Hebrew Perushim), meaning literally "separatists." These were the ones who adopted, or popularized, a prescriptive method of interpreting the Law of Moses, as opposed to the "descriptive wisdom" methodology of Jesus as seen in the New Testament.
Contributing a democratic influence in Judaism, Pharisees were basically laymen, coming from all walks of life, often including scribes and priests. Like the Sadducees, they sought to uphold the Mosaic Law, but their concern was to adapt its teachings to current situations, and their influence was primarily in the synagogue.
Much of the strength of Pharisaism came from the adaptability of this movement to changing conditions, a tendency which helped in preparing for Christianity. It was the Pharisees who were largely responsible for taking the Messianic idea and keeping it alive in the hopes of the people. Also, it was they who upheld the belief in immortality and the resurrection, to which the Sadducees took great exception. Unlike the Zealots, they generally rejected violence as a means to national liberation.
While modern research is providing justification for more favorable opinions concerning the Pharisees' role in history, there was ample room for Jesus' repeated denunciations of the abuses and inconsistencies he observed. The Pharisees added to the Law of Moses through oral tradition and eventually considered their own laws more important than God’s (Mark 7:1-23). While Christ’s teachings often agreed with the Pharisees, he railed against their hollow legalism and lack of compassion. Nevertheless, Pharisees such as Nicodemus (John 3:1; 19:39), Gamaliel (Acts 5:34) and his famous pupil, Saul of Tarsus (Acts 22:3) certainly represented the highest thought in Judaism.
THE SCRIBES
The powerful seventy-one-member Sanhedrin or Council, the highest Jewish court, was made up of Pharisees and Sadducees, with the high priest as president.
The scribes, strictly speaking, formed a legal profession rather than a party. They—and a nearly identical group, the lawyers—were usually Pharisees, though occasionally there were Sadducean scribes as well. They were professional teachers who were interpreters and transcribers of the Law at a time when hand-copying was the only method of preserving any document.
So insistent were the Jews upon maintaining the absolute accuracy of their sacred Scriptures that the work of the scribes demanded exceptional skill and mastery of the text. The Jews considered the Law of Moses to be the infallible standard, God's own law. It was their national, civil, moral, and religious law in one.
The scribes not only transmitted but contributed to "the tradition of the elders"—an ever-increasing body of legalistic detail, which, when committed to writing, formed the Talmud.
It was usual for the scribes to have another occupation to supplement their unpaid teaching and writing work. Their work combined the many functions of judge, lawyer, preacher, teacher, and scholar. The office of the scribe gradually merged into that of the rabbi, for when the canon of the Old Testament was finally settled in 90 AD—largely the result of the Pharisees' work—the need for the scribes as interpreters of the Law diminished.
There are many references to scribes in the Old Testament, but clearly "Ezra the scribe" (Neh. 8:1; 12:26) was the true antecedent of those referred to in the New.
THE ZEALOTS
The Zealots were members of a first-century political movement among Judean Jews who sought to overthrow the occupying Roman government. The word zealot derives from the Greek zelotes, meaning “emulator or (zealous) follower.”
According to the Jewish historian Josephus, the Zealots “agree in all other things with the Pharisaic notions; but they have an inviolable attachment to liberty, and say that God is to be their only Ruler and Lord" (Antiquities 18.1.6).
Hezekiah, under whose leadership the Zealots arose, was martyred by Herod. Their appearance on the political horizon of Palestine came early in the Roman occupation. According to Josephus, they "were particularly active in AD 6 during the revolt of Judas of Gamala, in Galilee, who maintained that compliance with the Roman demand for a census would constitute an act of enslavement 'among Palestinians." Josephus was apparently unaware of the role played by Hezekiah in the rise of the Zealots. This appears from his reference to Judas as their author.
They "were most influential in Galilee and later in Jerusalem, especially from the time of Herod (37 BC –AD 4) until the fall of Jerusalem (AD 70)."
"They refused to pay taxes and considered it a sin to acknowledge loyalty to Ceasar." They "harassed the Roman administration with every means at their disposal." They "relentlessly opposed the Roman attempt to bring Judea under her idolatrous rule."
It was from among the Zealots that the extreme Sicarri arose. The Sicarii were famous for hiding their daggers in their cloaks and using them to secretly target their enemies during the festivals (Antiquities 20.8.10). Some sources make a sharp distinction between the Zealots and the Sicarii, while others do not. It seems fair to say that the Sicarii were part of the Zealot movement, but not all Zealots were Sicarii. Thus, “Zealot” was an umbrella term for the revolutionaries who rebelled against Rome.
Some sources say that those who belonged to the family dynasty of Hezekiah were all Sicarii. Wikipedia designates the Sicarii as “a splinter group of the Jewish Zealots.” The Sicarii are mentioned in Acts 21:38, where Paul was asked if he was the Egyptian who had led 4000 assassins (or “dagger-bearers”) into the wilderness.
Of importance in New Testament history, the Zealots led a rebellion when Rome introduced imperial cult worship. The Great Jewish Revolt began in AD 66. The Zealots successfully overtook Jerusalem, but their revolt was ultimately unsuccessful. In AD 70, the Romans destroyed the city of Jerusalem and the Temple. A remnant of the Zealots then took refuge in Masada.
Josephus records many of the atrocities committed by the Zealots when they possessed Jerusalem, blaming them for being the ones truly responsible for its destruction, as the city was left quite desolate and chaotic by the time the Roman general Titus even came to finish it off.
It is my belief that there are, in fact, 5 kingdoms which precede the kingdom of God in Daniel chapter 2, and not 4, as commonly taught. It is also my belief that the fourth kingdom was the Hasmonean (Maccabean) Dynasty, and that the fifth kingdom (thus, the "Beast" of Revelation; see Daniel 7) wasn't Rome, but apostate Israel instead. It is my belief that the Beast represents apostate Israel as a whole, the culmination of which was the Zealots. This explains how it had authority over every nation (the Jewish Diaspora) and how it conquered the saints (same). The Zealots were just a symptom of the disease, but John’s vision focuses on them more because they were the ones who brought about the eschatological war.
THE HERODIANS
The Herodians held political power, and most scholars believe that they were a political party that supported King Herod Antipas, the Roman Empire’s ruler over much of the land of the Jews from 4 BC to AD 39. The Herodians favored submitting to the Herods, and therefore to Rome, for political expediency. This support of Herod compromised Jewish independence in the minds of the Pharisees, making it difficult for the Herodians and Pharisees to unite and agree on anything. But one thing did unite them—opposing Jesus. Herod himself wanted Jesus dead (Luke 13:31), and the Pharisees had already hatched plots against him (John 11:53), so they joined efforts to achieve their common goal.
The first appearance of the Herodians in Scripture is Mark 3:6, "And the Pharisees went forth, and straightway took counsel with the Herodians against him, how they might destroy him." Jesus had been doing miracles, which caused some of the people to believe in him for salvation, and that threatened the power and position of the Pharisees, the Sadducees, and the Herodians. The Herodians again joined with the Pharisees to challenge Jesus, to see if they could trap Jesus in his words by a trick question, to either discredit him or to get him to stop preaching (Matt. 22:15-22).
Jesus regarded the two groups as in unity against him and warned his followers against them: "Take heed, beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, and of the leaven of Herod." (Mark 8:15b). Yeast in this context is false teaching, the rejection of Jesus as the Messiah, and hypocrisy. Many scholars believe that the Herodians looked to Herod as a messiah, a savior of sorts who would put the Jewish land in favor with the Roman Empire and bring blessings to them. Jesus’ presentation of himself as the Messiah was a threat to the Herodians' attempt to make Herod the influential political power in the land.
In the then future (now past; we're Preterists), the Bible tells us that many would be deceived by an Antichrist figure and would view this Antichrist as a "messiah." He would be a political leader as well as a false religious leader, and he would promise peace and prosperity through policy. The Herodians at the time of Jesus were also focused on political goals rather than the eternal goals that Jesus proclaimed. They thought Herod might bring peace politically. But Jesus came to bring us salvation from our sins. The lesson we learn from the error of the Herodians is that we are not to trust in man's devices or politicians, as they trusted in Herod (Psa. 118:8). We are to put our trust in the Lord.
THE GALILEEANS
A Galilean was an inhabitant of the area in Israel near the Sea of Galilee. In the time of Christ, Galilee was the northernmost of the three provinces of Israel, above Samaria in the middle and Judea in the south. Approximately 700 years before Christ, Galilee’s Israelite inhabitants were conquered by Assyria. Most of the Jews living there were relocated to Assyria, while non-Jewish immigrants moved into Galilee (2 Kin. 15:29–17:24). This is why the Bible sometimes refers to the area as “Galilee of the Gentiles” (Isa. 9:1, Matt. 4:13-16).
Judeans tended to look down on Galileans, viewing them as uneducated and of questionable ancestry (John 1:46; 7:52). Galileans also had a reputation of being rabble-rousers, as they often took part in protests and uprisings against the Roman occupiers. It is significant that Jesus grew up in Galilee (Matt. 2:19‐23) and in Galilee recruited most of his disciples, started his ministry, and performed his first miracles (Matt. 4:17-23, John 2:11). Being Galilean, Jesus “was despised, and we esteemed him not” (Isa. 53:3).
We see glimpses in Scripture of how Galilee may have been a trouble spot for Roman rule. Gamaliel mentioned a failed revolt led by “Judas the Galilean” in Acts 5:37. In Luke 13:1-3, some people told Jesus about an incident involving Galileans: “There were present at that season some that told him of the Galilaeans, whose blood Pilate had mingled with their sacrifices” (vs. 1). Neither Scripture nor secular history gives any more details regarding this massacre, but it is likely that the Galileans, visiting Jerusalem to offer sacrifices, had been caught up in a nationalistic fervor and started a commotion on the temple mount. The Roman governor Pilate quickly and violently quelled the disturbance, killing the Galileans along with their sacrificial animals, perhaps as a public demonstration of how violators must “atone” for their “sins” against Rome.
Jesus responded to hearing about the massacre of the Galileans with a warning: “Suppose ye that these Galilaeans were sinners above all the Galilaeans, because they suffered such things? I tell you, Nay: but, except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish” (Luke 13:2b-3). Instead of conjecturing on the Galileans’ sin, Jesus said to his audience that they needed take care of their own sin. They all needed to repent.
Peter, being a Galilean, spoke in a northern Aramaic dialect, and his accent and vocabulary gave him away when he was trying to remain anonymous on the night of Jesus’ arrest. As Peter was sitting in a courtyard during one of Jesus’ trials, a servant girl came up to him and said, “Thou also wast with Jesus of Galilee” (Matt. 26:69c). Later, another servant girl said, “This fellow was also with Jesus of Nazareth” (vs. 71). A short time later, others said to Peter, “Surely thou also art one of them; for thy speech bewrayeth thee” (vs. 73). Galileans naturally stood out to the people of Jerusalem.
The fact that Jesus lived and ministered in Galilee is yet another example of his identification with those the world rejects. He came to seek and to save the lost. Those who follow his example will likewise proclaim his message and live out his teachings among culture’s outcasts and minister to “the least of these” (Matt. 25:40).
THE SAMARITANS
A Samaritan was a person from Samaria, a region north of Jerusalem. In Jesus’ day, the Jewish people of Galilee and Judea shunned the Samaritans, viewing them as a mixed race who practiced an impure, half-pagan religion.
Samaritans, as a people distinct from the Jews, are first mentioned in the Bible during the time of Nehemiah and the rebuilding of Jerusalem after the Babylonian captivity (Ezra 4:17, Neh. 2:10). Both Ezra chapter 4 and a fifth-century BC Aramaic set of documents called the Elephantine Papyri point to a schism between the Jews and Samaritans during this Persian period.
The Samaritans saw themselves as the keepers of the Torah and the true descendants of Israel, from the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. They had their own unique copy of the Pentateuch, the first five books of Moses, and believed they alone preserved the original Mosaic religion. Samaritans also had a unique religious system and established their primary worship site on Mount Gerizim. They considered the Jerusalem temple and the Levitical priesthood illegitimate.
The historian Josephus and Jewish tradition trace the origin of the Samaritans to the captivity of the northern kingdom under Assyria in 721 BC. Jews of the northern kingdom intermarried with Assyrians after the captivity and produced the half-Jewish, half-Gentile Samaritan race. When the Jews accused Jesus of being a “Samaritan” in John 8:48, they were rudely suggesting that he was a half-breed, born of an unfaithful mother.
In New Testament times, the Jews despised Samaritans and would have nothing to do with them. The Samaritans were still living primarily around Mount Gerizim (John 4:1-42), but also kept to their own villages (Matt. 10:5, Luke 9:52). Scripture mentions encounters with Samaritans in towns bordering Samaria (Luke 17:11-19) and on roads between Jerusalem and Jericho (Luke 10:29-37).
Jesus met with difficulty when ministering to people in Samaritan villages (Luke 9:52-53) and at one point told his disciples not to enter them (Matt. 10:5-6). Nonetheless, Christ shared the good news with Samaritans, ministering to a Samaritan woman (John 4:4-26) and healing a Samaritan leper (Luke 17:11-19).
The most recognized Samaritan in the Bible is the one in Jesus’ parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:29-37). A Jewish legal expert had put Jesus to the test, asking him to explain the commandment to “love your neighbor as yourself”; specifically, he asked Jesus to define the word neighbor.
That’s when Jesus told his parable of a man in need, portraying the Samaritan as the hero in the story. In the lawyer’s eyes, the Samaritan was the least likely candidate to act lovingly and compassionately to his neighbor. As intended, the story shocked Christ’s audience of prejudiced Jews. Jesus showed that authentic love must transcend all human boundaries of race, religion, nationality, economic class, and educational status.
In Acts 1:8, Jesus told his disciples that, by the power of the Holy Spirit, they would be his witnesses in Samaria. In Acts chapter 8 the prophecy was fulfilled, and Samaria became an early mission field for the spreading of the Church.

The Shammaite and Hillelite Interpretations of Mosaic Law

Shammai and Hillel were two influential Jewish rabbis whose commentaries on the Torah shaped Jewish theology and philosophy for hundreds of years. The Shammaite and Hillelite schools were the two dominant approaches to Jewish Law during the years of Jesus’ earthly ministry. Unfortunately, the destruction of the Temple in 70 AD resulted in the loss of most records relating to the debates between these two groups. The Hillelite school quickly gained dominance after the Temple was razed, so much of what we know about first-century Hillelite and Shammaite law comes exclusively from later Hillelite writers. These writers portray the Shammaite-Hillelite divide in a manner similar to modern two-party politics, with each side seemingly bound and determined to contradict the other on everything.
According to tradition, Shammai was a Pharisee who taught in the years just prior to Jesus’ birth. In his commentary on the Law, he emphasized the need for Temple rituals, and his interpretation is characterized as strict, literalist, and Israel-centric. The school that followed those interpretations is referred to as the Shammaite interpretation of Jewish Law.
Rabbi Hillel, a contemporary of Shammai, was less concerned with temple worship. His commentary is seen as being more liberal, tolerant, and accepting of Gentiles. Hillel was also known for codifying traditional patterns for exegesis into seven individual rules. His Hillelite school was a rival to the Shammaite approach. After the destruction of the Temple, the influence of the Shammaite school faded, and Hillel’s philosophy became the dominant approach to Jewish Law for more than 400 years.
Scholars are unsure how many of the differences between the Shammaite and Hillelite schools are factual and how many are the products of revisionist history. While Jewish scholars prior to 70 AD make frequent reference to the disagreements between these two groups, the vast majority of surviving records are from Hillelite writers. It’s possible that the Hillelites exaggerated some of the differences between Shammai and Hillel in order to portray Hillel in a more heroic light.
Even with such open questions, it’s clear that the interplay between Shammai and Hillel influenced Judaism during the early Christian era. The rivalry between the two schools greatly contributed to Judaism’s growing belief that the oral law—such as promoted in the Shammaite or Hillelite schools—was as authoritative as the written Torah.
Some scholars debate which school, Shammaite or Hillelite, had a greater influence on the theology of the New Testament. Jesus’ restrictive rules on divorce echo those of Shammai, while Hillel allowed for a wider range of acceptable reasons to end a marriage. Jesus also phrased the “Golden Rule” using a more challenging, positive expression, in contrast to Hillel’s lighter, negative expression of the same basic idea. At the same time, Jesus was welcoming of non-Jewish people and often castigated the Pharisees for their excessive legalism. The fact is that Jesus presented the truth, and his agreement with either Shammai or Hillel was secondary and coincidental. Jesus spoke the Father’s Word, and his teaching cannot be seen as a defense of any rabbi (John 12:49).
There is also an academic debate over the influence of Shammai and Hillel on the theology of the apostle Paul. On one hand, Paul was a student of Gamaliel, who came from the Hillelite school and might have even been Hillel’s grandson. But, prior to his conversion, Paul (Saul) was hardly a tolerant, Gentile-friendly Pharisee. Rather, in opposition to Gamaliel’s teaching, Paul took a severe stance. And in his letters Paul expresses an Israel-centric, all-or-nothing obedience to the Law (Rom. 3:19-28; cp. James 2:10), which many scholars would identify more with Shammai. Of course, as he was writing inspired Scripture, Paul was not concerned with what rabbi might have had a past influence upon him; he was “moved by the Holy Ghost” and wrote what the Spirit wanted (2 Pet. 1:21).

The Ediomite Lineage of Christ's Enemies

Around 63 BC, the Roman Triumvirate Pompey brought Judea under Roman Rule. He pushed all the Jews into the areas of Gallilee, Jericho and Jersalem. Then he settled Greeks and Syrians in the rest of the land of Palestine. Originally, Galilee was settled by the tribe of Benjamin who always followed the tribe of Judah.
A few years earlier, Hyrcanus, a descendant of the Maccabees, conquered the land of Idumea. Idumea was the home land of the Edomites. He forced all the Edomites to be circumcised and follow the Jewish laws.
The Jewish Encyclopedia, 1903 edition, says under the heading Edom:
"They were then incorporated with the Jewish nation, and their country was called by the Greeks and Romans “Idumea” . . . From this time the Idumeans ceased to be a separate nation, though the name “Idumea” still existed (in) the time of Jerome."
The Edomites were the descendants of Esau. Esau married into the families of the Canaanites. The Canaanites were the people that God told Moses and the Israelites to kill and drive out of the land of Canaan. They were warned never to mix or marry with the Canaanites. God gave Edom the land south of Judea. They were driven westward by the Natabeans to the area that became Idumea. Their border was only 19 miles from Jerusalem.
Flavus Josephus who lived from 37 AD to 100 AD confirms Edomite occupation in southern Judea:
“That country is also called Judea, and the people Jews; and this name is given also to as many as embrace their religion (Judaism), though of other nations. But then upon what foundation so good a governor as Hyrcanus (grandson of Mattathias patriarch of the Maccabees, a family of Judahite patriots of 2nd and 1st centuries B.C.) took upon himself to compel these Idumeans (Edomites) either to become Jews or to leave their country, deserves great consideration. I suppose it was because they had long ago been driven out of the land of Edom, and had SEIZED ON AND POSSESSED THE TRIBE OF SIMEON (their land not the people), AND ALL THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE TRIBE OF JUDAH, WHICH WAS THE PECULIAR INHERITANCE OF THE WORSHIPERS OF THE TRUE GOD WITHOUT IDOLATRY…”
The word “Jews” in Scripture often refers to the inhabitants of the land of Judea. But it can also mean the tribe of Judah in some cases, or those who simply follow the Jewish religion (Judaism). The name for the land of Palestine was called Judea because they combined the name Judah and Idumea.
Now at the time of the Messiah, the Sadducees were in control of the Temple. Pharisees were the synagogue leaders. According to the Ency. Britannica and Philo, there were 6,000 Pharisees during the time of the Messiah.
Some had to be non-Jews and Edomites. When Herod came to power, he solidified his position by bringing in relatives from Idumea and appointing many non-Jews to important positions. And he killed the entire Sanhedrin except Hillel and Shammai. Herod was practicing Judaism, as many Edomites and Nabateans had been commingled with the Jews and adopted their customs.
The Edomites were called the Herodians in Scripture, and were politically aligned with Herod. As shown earlier, they plotted with the Pharisees to kill the Messiah.
The Bible also shows that some of the Pharisees were Edomites. Notice the verse below:
"They answered him, We be Abraham's seed, and were never in bondage to any man: how sayest thou, Ye shall be made free?"-John 8:33
The Pharisees told the Messiah that they had never gone into bondage. This could only apply to the Edomites because the tribe of Judah was taken into captivity in around 586 BC by Babylon. They would have never told the Messiah that they never went into captivity. This verse proves that the Edomites were mixed among the Pharisees.
In the time of Christ, there were two Sanhedrins operating in Jerusalem, the first of which was a 23-member court run by the Sadducees that handled local affairs. Its larger counterpart, the Great Sanhedrin, was comprised of 70 elders with a president, who in the time of Jesus was Gamaliel. Acts 5:25 shows this group and the Great Sanhedrin coming together to discuss the problem of the Christians. The Great Sanhedrin functioned much like a combination of the Senate and Supreme Court, and most of its members at the time of the crucifixion were Pharisees from the school of Shammai.
You will note in the Book of Acts that Gamaliel, the president of the Great Sanhedrin, encouraged tolerance of the Christians. But because he and his followers were outnumbered by the aristocratic Sadducees and the Shammai-oriented Pharisees, the Great Sanhedrin ultimately elected to persecute the Christians. At the trial of Jesus before the elders of Israel, Gamaliel may not have been present. If he had, the circumstances may have turned out quite differently. The trial held to try Jesus was hurriedly assembled and included almost across the board members who were either Sadducees, or else Pharisees from the school of Shammai. It is possible that Nicodemus and Joseph of Arimithea represented the school of Hillel.

Conclusion

It's important to keep in mind when studying all this that Jesus came to establish the New Covenant, which is about a heavenly Jerusalem, not an earthly one like the Zealots and Pharisees of Jesus' day thought or like how Zionists today think: "And when he was demanded of the Pharisees, when the kingdom of God should come, he answered them and said, The kingdom of God cometh not with observation: Neither shall they say, Lo here! or, lo there! for, behold, the kingdom of God is within you" (Luke 17:20-21). Jesus even said, "My kingdom is not of this world: if my kingdom were of this world, then would my servants fight, that I should not be delivered to the Jews: but now is my kingdom not from hence" (John 18:36b).
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2024.05.10 01:48 CoHousingFarmer This is what I will do on the day Democracy dies.

This is what I will do on the day Democracy dies.

This comprehensive strategy is designed with the specific purpose of protecting groups most at risk during such political transitions—political activists, minority communities, LGBTQ+ individuals, and other groups that frequently find themselves targeted by regimes and movements hostile to democratic norms. (i.e. MAGA)
The intent of this strategy is to offer a dual-phased approach that prepares for both pre-election and post-election scenarios. By doing so, we aim to ensure that the rights and safety of at-risk populations are maintained regardless of political developments. The strategy encompasses a series of actions focused on enhancing data privacy, establishing covert safe havens, and creating paper organizations to provide both legal and social cover. Each element has been carefully crafted to blend into the community seamlessly, thereby minimizing the risk of detection and retaliation by potential adversaries, including groups like MAGA, known for their hostility towards certain demographics and ideologies.
The details outlined here are not merely precautionary; they are essential in a time when political unpredictability can lead to sudden and severe consequences for those standing on the front lines of advocacy and social change. This introduction sets the stage for a strategy that is both protective and adaptive, ensuring that all measures are grounded in a deep understanding of the risks involved and the absolute necessity for discretion and thoroughness.

Background Context

Political Climate Overview

The global political landscape is currently characterized by increasing instability and a troubling shift toward authoritarian governance. This trend manifests distinctly in various regions, contributing to a world where democratic principles are routinely challenged and often undermined.

Vulnerable Groups

In this increasingly authoritarian environment, certain groups find themselves particularly vulnerable to persecution and discrimination. Their exposure to risk is exacerbated by their visibility and their perceived opposition to authoritarian values and practices.

The Threat of Project_2025

A specific example of these growing threats is the emergence of initiatives like Project_2025, which symbolize the strategic and organized efforts by authoritarian groups to reshape societies according to their ideologies. Project_2025 is often cited as a blueprint for systemic change intended to dismantle current democratic frameworks and replace them with systems that suppress dissent and centralize power. This project is not merely a theoretical risk but a concrete plan that could lead to significant repression of any form of resistance or criticism.
This background context sets the stage for understanding the critical need for a robust strategy to protect vulnerable groups and preserve democratic norms. The following sections will delve into the specifics of pre-election and post-election strategies designed to counter these threats and safeguard the fundamental rights and freedoms of those at risk.

Pre-Election Strategy: Part 1 - Data Privacy and Social Media Scrubbing

Objective

The primary objective of this part of the strategy is to safeguard personal data to protect individuals from potential threats in a politically unstable environment. By minimizing the digital footprint, the strategy aims to prevent hostile entities from using online activities and histories against individuals, especially those active in movements or communities that could be targeted in a regime shift.

Importance of Data Privacy

In the context of potential authoritarian shifts, personal data on digital platforms can be weaponized against individuals. This includes identifying personal networks, political stances, and other sensitive information that could lead to harassment or worse. Protecting this data is not just about privacy; it's about maintaining personal safety and freedom in the face of growing surveillance and repression.

Actions

Timing and Planning

Content Removal

Privacy Education

Examples

This refined approach to data privacy ensures that individuals are not only aware of the risks but are also equipped with the tools and knowledge to protect themselves effectively. By systematically reducing their digital footprint, individuals can navigate politically turbulent times with greater security and confidence.

Pre-Election Strategy: Part 2 - Establishment of Covert Safe Havens in Plain Sight

Objective

The primary purpose of creating covert safe havens is to provide secure and discrete support networks for vulnerable individuals in anticipation of potential political instability. These havens are designed to integrate seamlessly into everyday community settings, offering legitimate public functions while maintaining a dual capability to protect and assist those in need. This approach ensures that these safe havens can operate without attracting undue attention, blending naturally into their environments while fulfilling their protective roles. By carefully selecting and managing these dual-functionality locations, this strategy not only provides vital support and protection for vulnerable individuals but also ensures that these safe havens remain sustainable and integrated within their communities. This seamless integration into everyday life is key to maintaining the operation's discretion and effectiveness, safeguarding those at risk while minimizing the chance of detection.

Actions

Selection of Locations

Choosing the right locations is critical to the effectiveness and discretion of these safe havens. The criteria for selecting these locations include:

Dual-Functionality

These locations must adeptly balance their public and covert functionalities:

Implementation Examples

Pre-Election Strategy: Part 3 - Formation of Paper Organizations

Objective

The primary goal of forming paper organizations is to establish entities that provide legal and social fronts for covert operations, safeguarding vulnerable groups. These organizations serve to legitimize and camouflage the broader protective activities under the guise of engaging in widely accepted or non-controversial community functions. By strategically leveraging these types of organizations, the strategy ensures that protective measures are embedded within non-controversial, community-valued services. This careful planning helps maintain the sustainability of the operations, reduces the risk of exposure, and enhances the long-term viability of protecting vulnerable populations amidst political turbulence.

Actions

Types of Organizations

Select organizations that are universally accepted and less likely to attract negative attention from antagonistic groups such as MAGA:

Operational Setup

Implementation Examples

Section 3: Post-Election Strategy - Pivoting Operations

Objective

Overall Strategic Actions

  1. Activate Covert Safe Havens and Paper Organizations:
- Evaluate the political environment post-election and determine the level of threat to vulnerable communities. - Activate contingency plans in prepared safe havens and paper organizations to provide immediate support and protection. 
  1. Utilize Established Networks and Resources:
- Employ pre-arranged logistics and support systems to distribute resources, provide shelter, and facilitate the safe movement of individuals at risk. 
  1. Community Integration Strategies:
- Deepen involvement in local community activities that are non-political and broadly supported to avoid backlash. - Increase participation in community service projects that enhance local development and provide essential services, reinforcing the organization's value to the community and obscuring its protective roles. 

Examples of Pivoting Operations Using Small Businesses

  1. Carpet Cleaning Services:
- Use service vans for discreet transportation of individuals and supplies, leveraging routine operations as cover. - Legend has it that Cleopatra was smuggled into court rolled up in a carpet. 
  1. Landscaping and Gardening Services:
- Employ landscaping crews to offer jobs and shelter in modified storage units, providing a plausible reason for the movement and congregation of workers. - MAGA has no respect for minorities, but they like mowed lawns. Transporting people of color in the guise of lawn care workers will usually be ignored. 
  1. Mobile Pet Grooming Services:
- Utilize pet grooming vans to distribute resources discreetly and move individuals between safe locations under the guise of service calls. - Pet first aid equipment can also be used on two legged mammals. 
  1. Food Trucks:
- Operate food trucks to serve dual purposes—providing food to vulnerable populations and acting as mobile meeting points for logistics coordination. - Food trucks can have electronic messaging services, connected to GPS, and deliver data just by driving by. 
  1. House Painting Businesses:
- Leverage access to residential areas and use vans for safely relocating individuals under the guise of transporting workers and supplies. - Cans of paint can be used to store all sorts of things. 
  1. Residential Cleaning Services:
- Use cleaning teams for discreet distribution of supplies and temporary housing solutions, under the guise of deep-cleaning or house-sitting services. 
  1. Plumbing and Electrical Services:
- Dispatch tradespeople to carry necessities and check on at-risk individuals without drawing attention, using routine service calls as cover. - Plumbers carrying large pipe shaped constructions are less suspicious. 
  1. Bicycle Repair Shops:
- Implement mobile bicycle repair services for flexible and discreet transport of supplies and aid. - Bicycle frame tubes can have dual uses. 
  1. Fitness and Personal Training Services:
- Use private training sessions to provide physical and mental support discreetly, checking on individuals’ well-being under the guise of health and wellness coaching. - A fitness bootcamp fun run can be an actual bootcamp. 
  1. Local Bakery or Pizzeria Delivery Services: - Use delivery operations to routinely check on community members under the routine delivery of food, covering a broad area without suspicion. - Bakers are up early every day without drawing suspicion.

Monitoring and Adaptation

Legal Navigation

1. Data Privacy Enhancements

2. Supply Chain Redistribution

3. Corporate Philanthropy Redirection

4. Product Development with Hidden Features

5. Legal Department Advocacy Against Harmful Laws

6. Marketing Campaigns with Subtle Messages

7. Community Engagement for Resource Distribution

8. Internal Training on Privacy and Security

9. R&D for Dual-Use Technologies

10. Strategic Public Relations

In the face of rising authoritarianism and potential threats, it's understandable to feel overwhelmed by the detailed strategies and safety measures we've outlined. However, it's important not to let panic set in. The purpose of these strategies is not to alarm you but to prepare and empower you and your community.
For many of us, blending seamlessly into our surroundings comes naturally and doesn’t require drastic changes to our daily lives. For those who cannot hide—the most visible and vulnerable among us—it becomes not only an option but a responsibility for their allies to step up and implement these strategies. This dual approach ensures that while some continue their lives with minimal disruption, others work behind the scenes to maintain safety nets and support systems. This collective effort is what builds a robust resistance movement capable of withstanding pressures and protecting its members from harm. It's not just about individual safety; it's about community resilience.
By taking proactive steps now, we ensure that everyone has the support they need to face whatever may come. This strategy is about being ready, not scared. It’s about building a network of support that can operate effectively under pressure while maintaining a facade of conformity to protect all its members.
Let’s focus on being prepared and connected, on understanding our roles, and on supporting each other. With careful planning and solidarity, we can navigate these challenges without fear, safeguarding our rights and freedoms in the process. Remember, the goal here is to keep the light of democracy burning, no matter how dark the times may seem.
sorry if my formatting is all over the place. This is jumble of my notes. I figure perfect is the enemy of good, and some of you have some anxiety over this. The rest of you...should....But It's going to be OK, because we have feet and hands and arms, and we can MAKE it OK.
submitted by CoHousingFarmer to Defeat_Project_2025 [link] [comments]


2024.05.09 22:31 colorlessuranium A thought on how to tell the player Amai's likes and dislikes

Maybe every day she could have a conversation event with a different cooking club member and reveal one like and dislike per conversation. I imagine something like
On Monday, after she greets the cooking club, Shoku and Amai stay at the club while the other members go to the home ec room. Their conversation goes something like:
Shoku: it's good to have you back, Amai-san
Amai: I'm glad to be back, Shoku-kun. It was tiring spending all day working in the bakery
S: did you get to do anything fun while you were away?
A: of course! I got to cook every night for my parents, I can't imagine anything more fun than making food for the people I love! *student opinion learned: cooking*
S: you know, there was a rumor going around that you were transferring schools to be with your new boyfriend (clearly fishing for info)
A: oh Shoku-kun, you know I hate gossip like that. It's all nonsense, I don't even have a boyfriend *student opinion learned: gossip*
S: oh! Well, that's good, then. I mean, that you aren't transferring. Not the boyfriend thing, haha... (totally not relieved)
A: I wouldn't abandon the club like that, especially after being elected leader last semester. Come on, we should catch up with the others now
S: right!
This one is meant to pull double-duty by suggesting that Shoku is Amai's suitor, though that could probably be implied more heavily
On Tuesday, Ajia is still in the home ec room when Amai gets there. The two start a conversation:
Amai: is everything alright, Ajia-chan?
Ajia: oh, Odayaka-san! I'm very sorry, I was just lost in thought.
Amai: what were you thinking about?
Ajia: well, I was pondering what club I would be in if not the cooking club. Please don't think I'm unsatisfied with the club, though! I am not planning on leaving it
Amai: it's fine to think about those kinds of hypotheticals. What club would you be in?
Ajia: I was actually thinking I would have started a new club. A calligraphy club, to help teach the other students how to paint traditional calligraphy
Amai: that sounds like a wonderful idea!
Ajia: what about you, Odayaka-san? What club would you be in, if not the cooking club?
Amai: hmm, I haven't really thought about that before...
Ajia: perhaps the occult club?
Amai: oh goodness, no! I get so freaked out by all of their ghost and demon ideas, I could never be a part of them! *student opinion learned: occult*
Amai: maybe the gardening club. I could grow my own vegetables! *student opinion learned: gardening*
Ajia: you truly can't get away from food, can you?
On Wednesday, Kenkou pulls Amai aside during the morning bake sale:
Kenkou: Amai-san, I want to talk to you
Amai: of course, Kenkou-kun. What's on your mind?
K: I worry that the bake sale is hurting the health of the students. This much sugar can't be good for everyone
A: I understand your worry, but an extra treat a day won't hurt anyone. It might even be good for them!
K: how could these desserts be good for people?
A: well, there's more to health than just eating healthy food. An extra treat can be good for your mental health!
A: and eating something sugary isn't the only way too be unhealthy. If a delinquent only ate healthy food but still got into fights, they'd be very unhealthy in my mind. *student opinion learned: violence*
K: that makes sense, I suppose. Health is a nuanced concept.
A: my parents have a philosophy, "what's healthy for the soul is healthy for the body"
K: they sound like wise people
A: they are! I'm very lucky to have them as my family *student opinion learned: family*
A: come on, we should get back to the bake sale now
On Thursday, Seiyou talks to Amai during lunch:
S: hey Amai, I have an idea for the bake sale!
A: oh? What is it?
S: we should make apple pies and sell slices! Also chocolate chip cookies!
A: those sound very delicious! Do you have recipes in mind?
S: yeah! I found them on an American website last night!
A: let me see... do you know how to convert these to measurements?
S: sure, it can't be that hard.
A: where did you get the idea for these, anyway?
S: well, I was playing a video game last night and they said something was "as American as apple pie'!
A: ah, I see. I didn't know you played video games that much. *student opinion learned: video games*
S: only American ones! Also, I found this drawing of an American cafe, check out how tasty everything looks!
A: oh wow! This is beautiful; I've always wanted to be able to draw like this. *student opinion learned: art*
A: why don't you start working on these now so we can add them to the bake sale this afternoon?
S: you got it!
Seiyou then spends lunch time in the home ec room. Liking art could be switched to liking photography and he could show her a photo of an American cafe, it might make this one feel less contrived. Oh, and Seiyou leaves off honorifics bc he's trying to be American. He probably offends a lot of people with that lol
Lastly, on Friday, Saki asks to meet Amai in the cooking club after cleaning time
S: thanks for meeting me, Senpai. I wanted to get your opinion on a new recipe I'm trying
A: of course, Saki-chan! As president, I'm here to help you improve your cooking skills
S: here Senpai, what do you think of these?
A: oh, they're shaped like kitties! That's adorable! *student opinion learned: cats*
S: thanks, I got the idea from an anime I watched over break. Have you ever seen Kawaii Food Fighters?
A: no, I don't watch anime much. Here, let's see how they taste. *student opinion learned: anime*
A: hmm, they're good but I think they're missing something...
A: oh! Let's try adding a bit of cinnamon
S: wow, Senpai, you're right, they're much better now! How did you know to do that?
A: it's something you learn after making enough sweets, I guess. Try adding 15 grams of cinnamon to the recipe next time
Kawaii Food Fighters was literally the first combination of words I came up with, I'm sure someone could make a better food-based anime name
It's not perfect, as you would have to wait until Friday afternoon to learn all of her likes and dislikes, but eavesdropping on conversations is more fun than just looking at her diary. Plus it would help characterize Amai and the cooking club members, who otherwise don't have much character outside their profiles. Anyways, these are all first draft conversations, I'm sure someone else could write better ones
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2024.05.09 18:41 Tyler_Zoro Plato's influence: Neoplatonism and early Christianity

The relationship between the philosophy of Plato, Neoplatonism, and Gnostic Christianity is a complex and multifaceted one. Here's a brief overview:
The intersections among these are:
Overall, while there were points of contact and mutual influence, there were also significant disagreements and debates among these philosophical and religious systems. They each contributed to the rich tapestry of ideas that shaped the intellectual landscape of Late Antiquity.
Source: Conversation with Bing, 5/9/2024
  1. Neoplatonism and Christianity - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplatonism_and_Christianity.
  2. Neoplatonism and Gnosticism - Wikipedia. https://static.hlt.bme.hu/semantics/external/pages/Pl%C3%A1t%C3%B3_Krat%C3%BClosza/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplatonism_and_Gnosticism.html.
  3. Neoplatonism and Gnosticism - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplatonism_and_Gnosticism.
  4. The Permanent Influence of Neoplatonism upon Christianity. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.1086/477376.
submitted by Tyler_Zoro to AIOnPhilosophy [link] [comments]


2024.05.09 17:15 magcargoman Re-Writing "A Rover Runs Through It"

Like many fans of King of the Hill, I am not a fan of a lot of the writing in later seasons. This is especially apparent when we look at a fan-hated episode like Season 9 episode 1: "A Rover Runs Through It". This episode has plenty of problems, from continuity errors, plot holes, and is overall just not a very good episode of KOTH. In a perfect world where we could get another crack at this episode, I think it could actually be quite good and serve an actual purpose. Anyways, here is how I would want a redone "A Rover Runs Through It" to be:
Much of the episode and its specific plot details would be scrapped. The Retconning of Peggy's mom is the biggest offender. In previous episodes, she's a completely different character. In many ways, she's an exaggeration of Peggy's character: A stubborn, proud, homemaker with a touch of narcissim. While there are some similarities to how her character appears in the episode, I would ditch the working farm woman characterization. This would honestly not change the story all too much. Peggy tries to make her mother proud and is rejected every time. Instead of helping to birth a calf, she tries making dinner, sewing a dress, or some other "homemaker" activity. Either way, it's not good enough for her mother (whom is also extremely stubborn and narcissistic). I feel that this could be a fun way to show that as flawed of a character that Peggy is, her mother is that taken to the extreme. Additionally, I feel the show writers wrote this plot as a way to examine Peggy's upbringing and explain some of her insecurities throughout the show. My version of Peggy's mother still does this, but is more inline with earlier appearances as well as Peggy's personality as a whole.
For the B-plot, we will still have a "Cowboy-centric" theme. However, we shift away from "Hollywood" Hank Hill and more towards Bobby. In my scenario, Doc Platter has a much bigger role. While I acknowledge that Doc's wisdom, "Well... I suppose I can't tell you much that them mountains can't tell you better" is hilarious and will be missed, he will actually have more personality and lines. He's still an old cowboy but this time, he's going to teach his grandson how to be one. Hank is going to join him. Bobby understandly struggles to learn how to be a cowboy, but Hank really struggles. This could be a fun B-plot where neither Hill men are good at that skill and puts Hank and Bobby on equally poor footing. The ending can still be the same (Hank is proud as Bobby rides his horse against the setting sun). I think this is far more captivating and leaves more room for comedy than the "Hollywood" Hank B-plot and gets Bobby and Doc Platter more involved.
The most notable omission is the convergence of the A and B plots (as well as a missing Henry Winkler) and the commentary on gentrification of the open west. I personally am fine with this, especially because other episodes on gentrification that are considerably better happen later in the series. At the end of the episode, Peggy stands up to her mother (just as she did in the original) and shows that she is a great homemaker, wife, mother, and woman regardless of what her mother thinks.
This is just what would happen in my ideal re-write of the episode. Appologies to anyone that genuinely enjoys the episode.
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2024.05.09 10:44 One_Instruction_3567 What were the motivations behind and how widespread was anti scientific thinking in 20th century authoritarian regimes based on ideology?

I’ve read in the past (but on a very surface level) that Nazis rejected the ideas of relatively based on the fact that it was “Jewish science” or that the Soviets didn’t believe in the theory of evolution, but never went too deep into the subject. Recently, I read the novel “the three body problem” where in the beginning there’s a scene where a professor during the Cultural Revolution is being chastised for his ideas and teachings in physics and how his ideas are supposedly counter revolutionary.
I understand more or less the thought process when people reject scientific ideas based on religion, because they just think they’re not true, however, at least the way it was characterized in the novel, these ideas in authoritarian regimes were rejected because of their supposedly counter revolutionary nature. So they’re not saying that the ideas aren’t necessarily true, but they’re saying they’re not in line with the ideology. In fact I think at some point someone in the novel mentioned that ideology must guide science. Is that a correct characterization of the antiscientific zeitgeist of those regimes ? And if so how, how could supposedly technocratic societies like the USSR justify this?
Are there any other notable examples of this? Are there any books or further sources you recommend to delve deeper into this subject?
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