I’m no mathematician, but as someone who doesn’t want to buy a speed gun, I’ve been looking into ways to use video analysis to calculate serve speed for a while. All I wanted when I began this process was a simple formula that would approximate my serve speed with some degree of accuracy.
I began by researching the topic on the tw forums and the main sticking point seemed to be how to account for air drag, as “serve speed” is off the racket, not its average speed over time. I decided to look for some atp highlights and collect a sample of serves to see what air drag coefficient would, when multiplied by the average serve speed before the bounce, equal the official radar speed.
It was simplest to use serves that hit or almost hit the line as this always means that the ball will have traveled about 60 feet from contact to bounce. It turned out that the average speed before the bounce was about 20% less than the official radar speed, with an error of no more than 5mph at 25 frames per second.
S = serve speed in mph T = time from contact to bounce in seconds 0.818=1.2/1.467 where 1.2 converts avg speed to initial speed and dividing by 1.467 converts ft/s into mph.
S ≈ 0.818(60/T)
^leaving it unsimplified so you can change 60 if you want.
I didn’t do this scientifically, didn’t collect data from different altitudes and humidities or anything like that, but every so often I use tennis tv highlights to check if the formula still works and it seems to. Someone could do a much better job at this but it’s good enough for me.
It tends to underestimate the speed of serves shorter than 60ft because it assumes 60ft of deceleration, so keep that in mind if you for example try to approximate the speed of a 55ft serve. I eyeballed several of these from the Paul vs Medvedev match yesterday and the formula was 5-7mph low most of the time. Likewise for wide serves you can use 61ft to account for diagonal distance. I’m ignoring server height because it only varies by a few feet at most.
Finally, I know many people here will say serve speed doesn’t matter. This obviously isn’t true. Faster serves are harder to return and also an indicator of better technique. That’s not to say targeting doesn’t matter, but as we are all trying to improve our serve technique, the fact of it getting faster is a clear indication of progress.
I hope this helps someone, it’s helped me. Btw I think someone made an online tool that does this a while ago where you can more precisely tinker with the serve distance, but I can’t find it anymore. In any case I like to just pull out my calculator and come up with an estimation in a few seconds.

General FHA loan requirements include:

• The loan must be for a property used for your primary residence.
• The property must be appraised by an FHA-approved appraiser.
• The property must be safe, sound and secure, in compliance with minimum property standards as defined by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, or HUD.
• You must have a valid Social Security number and be a legal resident of the U.S.
• You must have a minimum credit score of 580 with a down payment of at least 3.5 percent, or a minimum credit score of 500 with a down payment of at least 10 percent.
• You may not have delinquent federal debt or judgments, or debt associated with past FHA loans.
• You must have steady employment history.
• You must make a down payment of at least 3.5 percent of the purchase price. If the down payment was gifted by a family member, documentation is required.
• You must have a DTI ratio that does not exceed limits.
• Any judgments or collections on the credit report must be resolved or satisfactorily explained.
• Any required waiting period has passed, as follows:

EventWaiting periodWaiting period with extenuating circumstances (nonrecurring events beyond your control that result in sudden, significant, prolonged reduction in income or a catastrophic increase in financial obligations) Chapter 7 or 11 bankruptcyFour yearsTwo years Chapter 13 bankruptcyTwo years from discharge, orfour years from dismissalTwo years Multiple bankruptciesFive years if more than one filing in last seven years. Most recent bankruptcy must have been caused by extenuating circumstances.Three years from most recent discharge or dismissal ForeclosureSeven yearsThree years, with additional requirements after three years up to seven years:90 percent maximum loan-to-value purchase, principal residence, limited cash-out refinance Deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, preforeclosure sale (short-sale), or charge-off of mortgage accountFour yearsTwo years

General FHA loan requirements include:

• The loan must be for a property used for your primary residence.
• The property must be appraised by an FHA-approved appraiser.
• The property must be safe, sound and secure, in compliance with minimum property standards as defined by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, or HUD.
• You must have a valid Social Security number and be a legal resident of the U.S.
• You must have a minimum credit score of 580 with a down payment of at least 3.5 percent, or a minimum credit score of 500 with a down payment of at least 10 percent.
• You may not have delinquent federal debt or judgments, or debt associated with past FHA loans.
• You must have steady employment history.
• You must make a down payment of at least 3.5 percent of the purchase price. If the down payment was gifted by a family member, documentation is required.
• You must have a DTI ratio that does not exceed limits.
• Any judgments or collections on the credit report must be resolved or satisfactorily explained.
• Any required waiting period has passed, as follows:

EventWaiting periodWaiting period with extenuating circumstances (nonrecurring events beyond your control that result in sudden, significant, prolonged reduction in income or a catastrophic increase in financial obligations) Chapter 7 or 11 bankruptcyFour yearsTwo years Chapter 13 bankruptcyTwo years from discharge, orfour years from dismissalTwo years Multiple bankruptciesFive years if more than one filing in last seven years. Most recent bankruptcy must have been caused by extenuating circumstances.Three years from most recent discharge or dismissal ForeclosureSeven yearsThree years, with additional requirements after three years up to seven years:90 percent maximum loan-to-value purchase, principal residence, limited cash-out refinance Deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, preforeclosure sale (short-sale), or charge-off of mortgage accountFour yearsTwo years

Debt-to-Income Ratio Limits

Two DTI ratio figures are calculated when considering an FHA mortgage. The front-end DTI ratio is your total monthly housing expense, which includes the mortgage principal and interest, mortgage insurance, homeowners insurance, property taxes and applicable homeowners association fees, divided by your total monthly income. The back-end DTI ratio is your total monthly debt obligation, including housing, minimum credit card payments, auto loans, student loans and any other required monthly debt payment, divided by your total monthly income.Standard FHA front- and back-end DTI limits are 31 percent and 43 percent, respectively. If you earn $3,500 per month, your front-end DTI cannot exceed $1,085 and the sum of all your monthly debt obligations cannot exceed $1,505. f Applications for borrowers with lower salaries and higher DTIs are manually underwritten. Manual underwriting means that your lender assigns a person to review your loan application and documents, versus running your information through an automated underwriting system. Manually underwritten FHA loans allow for front- and back-end DTI ratios of up to 40 percent and 50 percent, respectively. To qualify for these higher DTI limits, you will need to meet other requirements.

General FHA loan requirements include:

• The loan must be for a property used for your primary residence.
• The property must be appraised by an FHA-approved appraiser.
• The property must be safe, sound and secure, in compliance with minimum property standards as defined by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, or HUD.
• You must have a valid Social Security number and be a legal resident of the U.S.
• You must have a minimum credit score of 580 with a down payment of at least 3.5 percent, or a minimum credit score of 500 with a down payment of at least 10 percent.
• You may not have delinquent federal debt or judgments, or debt associated with past FHA loans.
• You must have steady employment history.
• You must make a down payment of at least 3.5 percent of the purchase price. If the down payment was gifted by a family member, documentation is required.
• You must have a DTI ratio that does not exceed limits.
• Any judgments or collections on the credit report must be resolved or satisfactorily explained.
• Any required waiting period has passed, as follows:

EventWaiting periodWaiting period with extenuating circumstances (nonrecurring events beyond your control that result in sudden, significant, prolonged reduction in income or a catastrophic increase in financial obligations) Chapter 7 or 11 bankruptcyFour yearsTwo years Chapter 13 bankruptcyTwo years from discharge, orfour years from dismissalTwo years Multiple bankruptciesFive years if more than one filing in last seven years. Most recent bankruptcy must have been caused by extenuating circumstances.Three years from most recent discharge or dismissal ForeclosureSeven yearsThree years, with additional requirements after three years up to seven years:90 percent maximum loan-to-value purchase, principal residence, limited cash-out refinance Deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, preforeclosure sale (short-sale), or charge-off of mortgage accountFour yearsTwo years

Hello, newly VIP pledges a week ago or so. Have a question about exp and groups.
I know they up the rate of exp right now, but in general for exp is it calculated by..
Mob exp (A) divided by player(s) in group(B)
So if mob A gives 100exp, 1 player gets 100exp 2 players 50 exp each, 3 players 33/33/33??
Or is there bonuses for being in groups? Specifically full group exp bonus?
I’m aware all this is subject to change, just curious how the system works is all!!
Thanks!

Digital ICs, also known as logic ICs, are designed to process signals in binary form, utilizing only two states, 0 and 1, to represent information. This binary signal processing approach offers several advantages, including simplicity, ease of performing logical operations, and reduced chip area.
Operating Principle:
The fundamental structure of a digital IC consists of logic gates interconnected according to a specific design. Each logic gate performs a basic logical function such as AND, OR, NOT, etc. When binary signals (0, 1) are applied to the logic gates, they are processed and generate new binary signals at the output.
Classification of Digital ICs:
Digital ICs are categorized into various types based on their function and structure, including:

1. Logic Gates

Logic gates are the fundamental building blocks of digital circuits. They perform basic logical operations on binary data, such as AND, OR, NOT, XOR, and more. These operations are essential for manipulating information and implementing various computational tasks in electronic systems.
Key Characteristics:
· Binary Inputs and Outputs: Logic gates operate on binary data, represented by two distinct states, typically 0 and 1. They take one or more binary inputs and produce a single binary output based on the specified logical operation.
· Truth Tables: Truth tables define the behavior of logic gates by listing all possible input combinations and the corresponding output values. These tables provide a clear representation of the gate's functionality.
· Hardware Implementation: Logic gates can be physically implemented using various electronic components, such as transistors, diodes, and resistors. The specific implementation depends on the desired logic family and performance characteristics.
Common Logic Gate Types:
1. AND Gate: Performs the logical AND operation, producing a 1 output only if all inputs are 1. It represents the "and" condition, requiring all inputs to be true for the output to be true.
2. OR Gate: Performs the logical OR operation, producing a 1 output if any or all inputs are 1. It represents the "or" condition, indicating that the output is true if at least one input is true.
3. NOT Gate: Performs the logical NOT operation, inverting the input. It produces a 1 output if the input is 0 and a 0 output if the input is 1. It represents the "not" condition, negating the input value.
4. XOR Gate: Performs the logical exclusive OR operation, producing a 1 output only if the inputs are different (0 and 1 or 1 and 0). It represents the "exclusive or" condition, indicating that the output is true only if the inputs have opposite values.
Applications of Logic Gates:
Logic gates are the foundation of digital circuits, enabling the construction of various electronic components and systems:
· Digital Arithmetic Circuits: Logic gates are used to build arithmetic circuits that perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operations on binary numbers.
· Boolean Expression Simplification: Logic gates can be combined to represent and simplify Boolean expressions, reducing the complexity of digital circuits.
· Data Encoding and Decoding: Logic gates are employed in data encoding and decoding schemes, such as binary to gray code conversion and error detection and correction codes.
· Control Logic and Sequential Circuits: Logic gates are essential for designing control logic in sequential circuits, such as flip-flops, counters, and registers, enabling state storage and timing control.
Logic Gate Families:
Several logic gate families have been developed, each with its own advantages and disadvantages:
· RTL (Resistor-Transistor Logic): A simple and early logic family, but with high power consumption and slow speed.
· DTL (Diode-Transistor Logic): An improvement over RTL, offering better speed and lower power consumption.
· TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic): A widely used family known for its balance of speed, power consumption, and noise immunity.
· CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor): A modern family with extremely low power consumption, high speed, and high integration density.
· ECL (Emitter-Coupled Logic): A high-speed family used in high-performance applications, but with higher power consumption and complexity.
The choice of logic family depends on factors such as speed, power consumption, noise immunity, and cost. CMOS has become the dominant logic family due to its superior performance and integration capabilities.
Significance of Logic Gates:
Logic gates play a crucial role in the realm of digital electronics, forming the bedrock of modern computers and digital devices:
· Digital Computation: Logic gates enable the execution of complex computations and data manipulation, driving the processing power of digital systems.
· Logic Design and Circuitry: They provide the fundamental building blocks for designing and constructing various digital circuits, from simple logic functions to sophisticated microprocessors.
· Fundamental Building Blocks: Logic gates serve as the essential components that underpin the vast array of digital technologies that shape our modern world.
The development of logic gates has revolutionized the way we process information and interact with technology, enabling the creation of increasingly powerful and versatile electronic devices.

2. Memory

Memory is an essential component of any digital system, responsible for storing data and instructions that enable the system to function. It serves as the repository of information that the system processes and manipulates.
Key Components:
1. Memory Cells: The fundamental units of memory, each capable of storing one bit of data (0 or 1). Memory cells are typically based on transistors or other electronic components that can maintain a stable state.
2. Address Decoder: Responsible for translating memory addresses into specific memory cells. It receives an address from the CPU or other accessing device and identifies the corresponding memory cell where the data resides.
3. Read/Write Control Circuit: Manages the data transfer process between the CPU or other accessing device and the memory cells. It controls the reading of data from memory cells during read operations and the writing of data into memory cells during write operations.
4. Buffer: A temporary storage area that holds data during memory access operations. It acts as a bridge between the faster CPU or accessing device and the slower memory, reducing overall system latency.
Operating Principle:
Memory stores data by altering the state of memory cells. Each cell can represent one bit of data, either a 0 or a 1. The memory address serves as a unique identifier for each cell, enabling the system to locate the specific cell where data resides.
When the CPU or another device needs to access data from memory, it issues a memory request that includes the desired address. The address decoder translates this address into the corresponding memory cell. The read/write control circuit then activates the appropriate cell, either retrieving the stored data (read operation) or updating the cell's state with new data (write operation).
The buffer plays a crucial role in optimizing memory access by temporarily holding data during the transfer process. This reduces the overall delay experienced by the CPU or other accessing device, improving system performance.
Types of Memory:
Memory can be broadly classified into two main categories based on its data retention characteristics:
1. Random Access Memory (RAM): Volatile memory that stores data that can be changed or modified. Data in RAM is lost when the power is turned off. RAM is typically used for storing temporary data, such as program instructions, operating system data, and currently active applications.
2. Read-Only Memory (ROM): Non-volatile memory that stores fixed data that cannot be altered. Data in ROM remains intact even when the power is turned off. ROM is typically used for storing permanent data, such as firmware, boot code, and system configuration information.
Additional Memory Types:
· Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM): A type of ROM that can be programmed once by the user, typically using a high-voltage device.
· Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM): A type of PROM that can be erased and reprogrammed multiple times using ultraviolet light.
· Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM): A type of non-volatile memory that can be erased and reprogrammed electronically, without the need for external light sources.
· Flash Memory: A type of EEPROM that offers fast erase and write operations, making it suitable for use in portable devices and solid-state drives.
Significance of Memory:
Memory plays a fundamental role in modern digital systems:
· Data Storage: It provides the storage medium for essential data, including program instructions, operating system files, user data, and multimedia content.
· System Operation: Memory enables the continuous operation of the system by retaining critical information, such as system state, application data, and intermediate results of calculations.
· Performance Enhancement: Memory plays a crucial role in optimizing system performance by providing fast access to frequently used data and instructions.
The development of memory technologies has been a driving force in the advancement of computing, enabling the creation of increasingly powerful and versatile electronic devices.
3. Clock Circuit
Significance of Clock Circuits
Clock circuits play a crucial role in the operation of digital electronic devices. They provide the essential timing signal that synchronizes the operation of various components within the system, ensuring coordinated and efficient data processing. The frequency of the clock signal directly impacts the speed of the circuit, enabling faster and more powerful electronic devices.
Advancements in clock circuit technology have led to the development of higher-frequency, more stable, and lower-power clock circuits, contributing to the continuous improvement of electronic devices in terms of performance, efficiency, and reliability..
Components of a Clock Circuit
The basic components of a clock circuit include:
1. Oscillator: Generates the fundamental clock signal. Oscillators can utilize various elements, such as quartz crystals, ceramic resonators, or RC (resistor-capacitor) networks, to produce a stable and accurate clock signal.
2. Frequency Divider: Divides the clock signal from the oscillator down to the desired frequency. This is necessary because the oscillator may generate a much higher frequency than required by the circuit.
3. Counter: Counts the clock pulses from the frequency divider. The count value can be used for various purposes, such as generating timing signals or keeping track of time.
4. Decoder: Decodes the count value from the counter into specific time signals, such as seconds, minutes, or hours. This is particularly useful for applications that require real-time clock functionality.
Operating Principle:
A clock circuit operates by generating a clock signal with a stable frequency. This clock signal is used to synchronize the operation of other ICs in the system. The oscillator generates the basic clock signal, which is then divided by the frequency divider and counted by the counter. The decoder decodes the count value into time signals.
Types of Clock Circuits
Clock circuits can be categorized into two main types:
1. Internal Clock Circuit: Integrated within the IC itself. This type of clock circuit is commonly found in microcontrollers and other integrated circuits that require a clock signal for their internal operation.
2. External Clock Circuit: Provides a clock signal for multiple ICs. This type of clock circuit is often used in larger digital systems where multiple ICs need to be synchronized.
Common Clock Circuit Types
Several types of clock circuits are commonly used in electronic devices:
1. RC Oscillator Circuit: A simple and inexpensive oscillator circuit that utilizes resistors and capacitors to generate a clock signal.
2. LC Oscillator Circuit: A more stable and accurate oscillator circuit that employs an inductor and capacitor to produce the clock signal.
3. Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) Circuit: A sophisticated oscillator circuit that locks its frequency to a reference signal, ensuring high stability and precision.

4. Communication Circuits

Communication Circuits

Communication circuits enable integrated circuits (ICs) to exchange information with external devices, facilitating data transfer, device interaction, and system control. These circuits play a crucial role in modern electronic systems, enabling them to function as interconnected components within a larger network.
Key Components:
1. Physical Interface: Establishes a physical connection between the IC and the external device. This can be realized through pins, connectors, or wireless transmission mediums.
2. Data Transmission Circuit: Handles the encoding and decoding of data for transmission and reception. It ensures that data is converted into a suitable format for transmission over the physical interface and accurately interpreted upon reception.
3. Communication Control Circuit: Orchestrates the data transfer process, ensuring proper timing, synchronization, error detection, and error correction. It manages the exchange of data between the IC and the external device in a controlled and reliable manner.
Operating Principle:
Communication circuits operate by establishing a physical link between the IC and the external device, enabling the exchange of electrical signals. The data transmission circuit then encodes the data from the IC into a format suitable for transmission over the physical interface. This may involve converting the data into a serial bit stream, modulating it onto a carrier signal, or encapsulating it in a communication protocol frame.
Once transmitted, the data is received by the external device and passed to its communication circuit. The data transmission circuit then decodes the received data, converting it back into a format that the IC can understand. This may involve demodulating the signal, extracting the data from the protocol frame, or converting the serial bit stream into parallel data.
The communication control circuit oversees the entire data transfer process, ensuring that the data is transmitted and received in a synchronized and error-free manner. It may employ techniques such as clock synchronization, error detection codes, and retransmission mechanisms to guarantee data integrity.
Types of Communication Circuits:
Communication circuits encompass a wide range of technologies tailored for specific communication protocols and applications:
1. Data Bus: Enables multiple ICs to communicate with each other over a shared data path. Data buses are commonly used in microprocessors and other digital systems to transfer data between various components.
2. Serial Communication Port: Facilitates sequential data transmission between ICs, one bit at a time. Serial communication is often employed in applications where bandwidth is limited or long-distance communication is required.
3. Parallel Communication Port: Allows for simultaneous transmission of multiple bits of data between ICs, providing faster data transfer rates compared to serial communication. Parallel communication is commonly used in high-speed data transfer applications.
4. Wireless Communication: Enables ICs to communicate with other devices without the need for physical cables. Wireless communication technologies such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and cellular networks are becoming increasingly prevalent in modern electronic devices.
Significance of Communication Circuits:
Communication circuits are indispensable components in modern electronic devices, enabling them to:
· Exchange data with other devices, such as sensors, actuators, and peripherals.
· Interact with user inputs, such as keyboards, buttons, and touchscreens.
· Respond to network requests and commands.
· Participate in distributed systems and control networks.
The advancement of communication circuit technology has led to the development of higher-speed, more reliable, and more energy-efficient communication interfaces, enabling the creation of more sophisticated and interconnected electronic devices that can seamlessly interact with the surrounding environment and with each other.

5. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The central processing unit (CPU) serves as the "brain" of a computer system, orchestrating the execution of instructions and processing data to drive various operations. It is the heart of a computer, responsible for carrying out calculations, manipulating data, and managing the overall flow of information within the system.
Key Components:
1. Processing Unit: The core of the CPU, responsible for performing arithmetic and logical operations on data. It comprises components like arithmetic logic units (ALUs), floating-point units (FPUs), and registers that handle data manipulation and computations.
2. Control Unit: The maestro of the CPU, directing the overall operation and execution of instructions. It fetches instructions from memory, decodes them into understandable commands, and coordinates the activities of other CPU components to ensure proper instruction execution.
3. Cache Memory: A high-speed storage area that temporarily holds frequently accessed data and instructions, reducing the need for slower memory access. Cache memory acts as a buffer, improving overall system performance by providing faster access to essential data.
4. Data Bus: The communication highway that transports data between the CPU and other system components, such as memory and input/output devices. It serves as the data transfer channel, enabling the exchange of information between the CPU and various parts of the system.
5. Address Bus: The address decoder that identifies the specific location of data or instructions stored in memory. It acts as a pointer, pinpointing the exact memory address where data or instructions reside.
6. Control Bus: The traffic controller that manages the operation of the data bus and address bus, ensuring synchronized data transfers and maintaining overall system coordination. It regulates the flow of data and addresses between the CPU and other components.
Operating Principle:
The CPU functions by executing instructions stored in memory. These instructions dictate the operations to be performed and the data to be processed. The control unit plays a pivotal role in this process, fetching instructions from memory, deciphering their meaning, and directing other CPU units to carry out the specified tasks.
1. Instruction Fetch: The control unit retrieves instructions from memory, typically from the main memory or cache memory.
2. Instruction Decode: The control unit interprets the fetched instructions, breaking them down into their constituent parts and understanding the operations they represent.
3. Instruction Execution: The control unit directs the appropriate CPU units, such as the ALU or FPU, to execute the decoded instructions. These units perform the specified calculations or data manipulations.
4. Result Storage: The outcomes of the executed instructions, such as calculated values or processed data, are stored in registers or memory locations, making them available for further use.
The CPU continuously cycles through this fetch-decode-execute-store process, tirelessly processing instructions and manipulating data to drive the computer system's operations.
Significance of the CPU:
The CPU is the cornerstone of a computer system, enabling it to perform its fundamental tasks:
· Execute programs and applications: The CPU interprets and carries out the instructions that make up software programs, allowing users to run various applications.
· Process data: The CPU performs calculations, manipulates data, and transforms information, enabling the computer to handle complex computations and data analysis.
· Control system operations: The CPU manages the overall flow of information and coordinates the activities of other system components, ensuring smooth and efficient system operation.
The performance and capabilities of the CPU significantly impact the overall responsiveness, speed, and processing power of a computer system. Advancements in CPU technology have led to the development of faster, more efficient, and more powerful CPUs, enabling the creation of increasingly sophisticated and capable computers.
Many Sources

R-squared values: Linear Regression: 0.8401621913740709 Polynomial Regression: 0.9161966003792115 Exponential Regression: 0.922505755755209 Projected next outcome using damped Exponential Regression: 15916.26589649187 

Darshane Punyam, Sparshane Paapam 

In HAP 6.2, is there a way to calculate cfm to cool a space just with ventilation air? I want to use an exhaust fan and intake louver.
For the time being, I have been using the CAV - single zone air system type and set the cooling thermostat setpoint right below the ambient dry bulb temperature (e.g. cooling thermostat setpoint of 95.4 F and ambient temperature of 95.5 F). I do not believe HAP will let you set the cooling thermostat setpoint above the ambient temperature.
Then I will take the total zone heat balance sensible load (Q_dot) and divide it by density, specific heat and delta_t to get cfm. I use 10-ish degrees for delta_t which would allow the space temperature to reach 105 F. This is a warehouse space by the way.
The only cooling load components would be irradiance, lighting, electric equipment, and people. Am I missing anything?
If I wanted to calculate irradiance by hand, would I multiply the largest clear sky beam normal irradiance at solar noon by the roof area?
How do you calculate the cfm to cool a space just with ventilation air?
Thanks in advance.

Hey everyone! I'm a PT associate about to take a promotion to Team Lead, so I'm looking at insurance costs so I can update my budget accordingly. The STD and LTD costs are a bit confusing, so I want to be sure I'm calculating this right.
I'm 41, so I'm in the 40-44 age range, which states $0.19 as a rate. It says to find your cost, divide your pretax earnings by 100, and multiply by the above rate. At $20/hr, this comes to $4,1600 a year, divided by 100 and multiplied by .19, this comes to $79.04.
Is the cost of STD and LTD really this expensive? I may be just unaware, this benefit was covered in full by my last employer, so this cost is catching me off guard.
Thanks everyone

BigCities is a new gaming project that uses dynamic NFTs to trade and upgrade fantastic virtual cities. When you add a city to your collection, it will start generating a return from taxes paid by citizens using the principle of staking, with up to 107% APR yelds. Using BigCitiesCoin (BGCN) to buy cities and upgrades, the value of the token will grow, and with it, the value of the cities when you want to sell them in the marketplace! Improve numerous aspects of the city, such as education, safety, healthcare, traffic, pollution, waste management! Take care of the citizens and they will repay you with ever higher taxes! Don't miss this new gem with very high potential!
White paper & Tokenomics at https://www.bigcities.xyz

Tokenomics

• Token name: BigCitiesCoin (BGCN)
• Token chain: Solana Chain token
• Total supply: 1.000.000.000 BGCN
• Distribution: 30% DEX- 20% CEX - 30% Staking - 10% team - 10% early giveaways and drops

- Staking: Users earn rewards as long as they keep their cities on their wallet. The reward program use an exponential decay function: starting from 30 million tokens disbursed in the first year, each subsequent year will reward 15% less. In this way it is calculated that approximately 200 million (199.87 million) will be disbursed in 50 years.
The 830 cities are divided into 10 categories, each of which returns a certain percentage for staking
Telegram https://t.me/MetroMint
Twitter https://twitter.com/metromint_sol
BUY: https://dexscreener.com/solana/2gy1efvtucv4bc1sb3uqqhbyaatguffhym7ygjbvcd8q
C'mon guys, help us to continue in this project supporting it!

FHA Loan?

Are you considering a home purchase in Kentucky ? If so, then a Kentucky FHA loan might be for you. This Kentucky FHA Mortgage guide will provide you with all the FHA loan information you need to buy a home in Kentucky using the FHA loan program

What Is A Kentucky FHA Loan?

If you’re looking to buy a home but have limited funds for a down payment or a lower credit score, then an Kentucky FHA loan might be a good option for you. This is a type of a Kentucky mortgage insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), which allows Kentucky FHA lenders to be more flexible with their requirements for borrowers who may not meet traditional criteria.

How do Kentucky FHA loans work?

KEntucky FHA loans are a government-backed program which makes homeownership more accessible through more lenient lending requirements. With an FHA loan, a borrower could put down as little as 3.5% if their credit score is at least 580, or 10% if their credit score is at least 500. Nevertheless, there is a trade-off; regardless of the amount you put down, there is a requirement to pay for mortgage insurance upfront and monthly premiums and it is for life of loan
The FHA collects a one-time upfront mortgage insurance premium (UFMIP). This premium needs to be entirely financed into the mortgage or paid in full at closing. Additionally, there is an annual mortgage insurance premium, also called monthly MIP, which is collected in monthly installments.
The annual mortgage insurance amount depends on factors such as the loan-to-value ratio (LTV), down payment size, and mortgage term length. Lenders calculate the annual payment as a percentage of the base loan value.

Benefits Of Kentucky FHA Loan

There are several key benefits that make Kentucky FHA loans an attractive option. Here are a few of the benefits:

• Low to zero down Down Payments: FHA loans are designed to help borrowers with limited funds for down payments. Specifically, if your credit score is above 580, you could qualify for a down payment of 3.5%.
• Flexible Credit Requirements: FHA loans have lower credit score requirements compared to conventional loans. Even with a credit score as low as 500, you may qualify with a 10% down payment.
• Lower Debt-to-Income Ratio (DTI): Compared to conventional loans, FHA loans typically allow borrowers with higher levels of debt to still qualify by allowing a higher Debt-to-Income Ratio (DTI).
• Gift Funds and Grants: You could leverage gift funds and grants from family or approved organizations to contribute towards your down payment.

Kentucky FHA Loan Requirements

To be eligible for an Kentucky FHA loan there are some specific requirements you must meet. Here is an overview of these requirements:

FHA Loan Down Payment

The amount you’ll need to pay as a down payment on an FHA loan depends on your credit score. If your credit score is 580 or higher, then you could pay as little as 3.5% of the loan amount. However, if your credit score falls between 500 and 579, you’ll need to pay a larger down payment of 10%. If you’re short on funds, there are several DPA programs available which could help for Kentucky Homebuyers with zero down payments to get into a house.!

Kentucky FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums

All FHA borrowers, no matter how much of a down payment they make, must purchase both upfront and annual mortgage insurance.

WHAT DOES KENTUCKY FHA MORTGAGE INSURANCE COVER ON YOUR HOME LOAN?

Kentucky FHA mortgage insurance protects lenders in case you, the borrower, default on your mortgage. This allows lenders to offer FHA loans with lower down payments and potentially less strict credit score requirements. Essentially, it mitigates the lender’s risk, making Kentucky FHA loans more accessible to first-time homebuyers or those with limited savings.

HOW MUCH IS FHA MORTGAGE INSURANCE?

FHA mortgage insurance has two components – an upfront premium and an annual premium. The upfront premium is a one-time payment that you need to make at the time of loan closing, and it amounts to 1.75% of the loan amount.
On the other hand, the annual premium is a recurring cost that you need to pay as a part of your monthly mortgage payment. The amount of the annual premium may vary depending on factors such as the loan term, loan amount, and loan-to-value ratio (LTV).
Oftentimes, with credit improvement and an increase in home equity (at least 80% loan-to-value), borrowers with FHA loans opt to refinance to a conventional loan program. This helps eliminate the monthly mortgage insurance premium portion of the monthly mortgage payment.

HOW TO CALCULATE KENTUCKY FHA MORTGAGE INSURANCE

To calculate your Kentucky FHA Mortgage Insurance, you can either use the HUD Calculator or follow these simple steps using your specific information:

1. Determine the amount of your loan.
2. Calculate your loan-to-value (LTV) ratio by dividing the loan amount by the appraised value of the home.
3. Find the annual MIP rate based on your LTV ratio and loan term. You can find this information on the HUD website
4. Multiply the loan amount by the annual MIP rate to get the annual MIP amount.
5. FHA Loan?

Are you considering a home purchase in Kentucky ? If so, then a Kentucky FHA loan might be for you. This Kentucky FHA Mortgage guide will provide you with all the FHA loan information you need to buy a home in Kentucky using the FHA loan program

What Is A Kentucky FHA Loan?

If you’re looking to buy a home but have limited funds for a down payment or a lower credit score, then an Kentucky FHA loan might be a good option for you. This is a type of a Kentucky mortgage insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), which allows Kentucky FHA lenders to be more flexible with their requirements for borrowers who may not meet traditional criteria.

How do Kentucky FHA loans work?

KEntucky FHA loans are a government-backed program which makes homeownership more accessible through more lenient lending requirements. With an FHA loan, a borrower could put down as little as 3.5% if their credit score is at least 580, or 10% if their credit score is at least 500. Nevertheless, there is a trade-off; regardless of the amount you put down, there is a requirement to pay for mortgage insurance upfront and monthly premiums and it is for life of loan
The FHA collects a one-time upfront mortgage insurance premium (UFMIP). This premium needs to be entirely financed into the mortgage or paid in full at closing. Additionally, there is an annual mortgage insurance premium, also called monthly MIP, which is collected in monthly installments.
The annual mortgage insurance amount depends on factors such as the loan-to-value ratio (LTV), down payment size, and mortgage term length. Lenders calculate the annual payment as a percentage of the base loan value.

9.5 months since purchase.
10k miles. 72 MPG based on the car's calculations ( which doesnt account for electricity price).
Put premium gas only from Costco. Average since purchase: $3.6 per gallon. To compare, regular gas average is $3.1.
Price of "super off peak" electricity including taxes and a whole lot of fees Georgia Power shoves on me: $0.045 / Kwh.
Always start on EV mode and deplete battery.
Get 25.6 miles in gas only mode ( after full battery depletion). Mostly 50/50 city/hwy driving. Kept EV miles vs gas miles notes diligently between a tank fill and did the math.
Averaged 1.91 Miles/Kwh on EV. The Mazda calculation is off, and shows much higher, because it largely counts regen braking miles as EV miles ( even when the battery is depleted). I compare against EV miles driven divided by my Kwh draw in the night. Summer time, its closer to 2.4 ( with no AC). However, during last winter it dropped to 1.4 Mi/Kwh.
So true Miles per gallon ( including electricity cost, and premium gas extra cost) using the average gas prices above:
72 × 3.1 / (3.6 + (72-25.6)×.045/1.91)
= 47.56 Miles per gallon.
Usually carry 4 people but in winter carried 8 people for a few weeks.
Also, 2.5 more months in summer for a full year and it will only go up: unless we take a road trip which will bring it down a lot.
However road trips should be excluded as it is the second cheapest ( after EV road trip but dont want to burn an hour for every 3 driven) , and most convenient option for us for trips < 1500 miles.
I like driving the car. It feels hard on the butt sometimes during longer drives. And the front bushing creaking still shows on dry days. No issues otherwise.

Hello. I reached out to a 3D printing Service nearby and asked for the costs to print the following model:
https://www.printables.com/de/model/433157-vinyl-dividefiles
They estimated 45 Euros (without shipping) for this print (all files). This is because they estimate five hours printing time. I am not experienced in 3D printing, but this seems very expensive. How can I calculate a „realistic price“ for such models beforehand?

Calculating percentages is simple: divide the part by the whole, then multiply by 100. For example, to find what percentage 5 is of 20, divide 5 by 20 (0.25) and multiply by 100, resulting in 25%. This fundamental concept applies across various scenarios, making percentage calculations a valuable skill in everyday life and academic pursuits.

So I am creating a chess game. The project was working fine until today, when I added this particular vector and tried to draw them on the window:-
main:

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { GameBoard gameBoard; while (gameBoard.isRunning()) { gameBoard.render(); gameBoard.update(); } return 0; } 

GameBoard class:

class GameBoard { private: ... // Taken pieces TakenPiecesBlock *takenPiecesBlock; // Game history GameHistoryBlock *gameHistoryBlock; void init(); void processEvents(); void updateMousePosition(); void scaleBoard(); void renderTileBlocks(); void updateTileBlocks(); std::vector legalMoveDestinations(); void moveHandler(sf::Vector2i mousePosition); public: GameBoard(); ~GameBoard(); bool isRunning() const; void update(); void render(); }; 

GameBoard.cpp:

GameBoard(){ ... this->gameHistoryBlock = new GameHistoryBlock(); ... } void GameBoard::render(){ ... // Draw the game history block this->gameHistoryBlock->draw(*this->window); this->window->setView(this->currentMainView); ... } 

​
In the GameHistoryBlock class, I have this vector. The array of texts is getting drawn but this vector is giving problems.
GameHistoryBlock.hpp:

class HistoryRow { private: sf::Vector2f position; sf::Font font; sf::Text whiteMove, blackMove; sf::RectangleShape bottomDividerRect; public: HistoryRow(); void setPosition(sf::Vector2f position); void setWhiteMove(std::string move); void setBlackMove(std::string move); std::string getWhiteMove(); std::string getBlackMove(); void draw(sf::RenderWindow &window); }; class GameHistoryBlock { private: sf::Vector2f scale; sf::RectangleShape gameHistoryAreaRect, scrollBarRect, dividerRect; std::vector historyRows; sf::Font font; std::array playerNames; sf::View view; void update(sf::RenderWindow &window); std::string calculateCheckAndCheckMate(Board *board); public: GameHistoryBlock(); void redo(Board *board, MoveLog &moveLog); void draw(sf::RenderWindow &window); }; 

GameHistoryBlock.cpp:

HistoryRow::HistoryRow() { if (!this->font.loadFromFile("../resources/fonts/arial.ttf")) { std::cerr << "Error loading font" << std::endl; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } this->whiteMove.setFont(this->font); this->whiteMove.setCharacterSize(18); this->whiteMove.setFillColor(sf::Color::Black); this->blackMove.setFont(this->font); this->blackMove.setCharacterSize(18); this->blackMove.setFillColor(sf::Color::Black); this->bottomDividerRect.setSize(sf::Vector2f(160, 2)); this->bottomDividerRect.setFillColor(sf::Color(0, 0, 0, 100)); } void HistoryRow::draw(sf::RenderWindow &window) { window.draw(this->whiteMove);// <- This is where SEGV occurs window.draw(this->blackMove); window.draw(this->bottomDividerRect); } ... void GameHistoryBlock::draw(sf::RenderWindow &window) { this->update(window); window.draw(this->playerNames[0]); window.draw(this->playerNames[1]); window.draw(this->scrollBarRect); window.setView(this->view); window.draw(this->gameHistoryAreaRect); window.draw(this->dividerRect); for (auto &historyRow : this->historyRows) historyRow.draw(window);// <- Function called here } 

This is the stack trace I get.

#0 0x00007ffff7f361f6 in std::less::operator() (this=0x7fffffffbb18, __x=, __y=@0x7fffffffc324: 18) at /usinclude/c++/12/bits/stl_function.h:408 #1 0x00007ffff7f37142 in std::_Rb_tree, std::_Select1st >, std::less, std::allocator > >::_M_lower_bound (this=0x7fffffffbb18, __x=0xfffffffeffffa000, __y=0x7fffffffbb20, __k=@0x7fffffffc324: 18) at /usinclude/c++/12/bits/stl_tree.h:1951 #2 0x00007ffff7f35e7f in std::_Rb_tree, std::_Select1st >, std::less, std::allocator > >::find (this=0x7fffffffbb18, __k=@0x7fffffffc324: 18) at /usinclude/c++/12/bits/stl_tree.h:2531 #3 0x00007ffff7f34f8b in std::map, std::allocator > >::find (this=0x7fffffffbb18, __x=@0x7fffffffc324: 18) at /usinclude/c++/12/bits/stl_map.h:1218 #4 0x00007ffff7f32ff0 in sf::Font::loadPage (this=0x7fffffffbac8, characterSize=18) at /home/buildbot-workedebian-gcc-64/build/src/SFML/Graphics/Font.cpp:574 #5 0x00007ffff7f32c2e in sf::Font::getTexture (this=0x7fffffffbac8, characterSize=18) at /home/buildbot-workedebian-gcc-64/build/src/SFML/Graphics/Font.cpp:479 #6 0x00007ffff7f89854 in sf::Text::ensureGeometryUpdate (this=0x7cc560) at /home/buildbot-workedebian-gcc-64/build/src/SFML/Graphics/Text.cpp:403 #7 0x00007ffff7f896fe in sf::Text::draw (this=0x7cc560, target=..., states=...) at /home/buildbot-workedebian-gcc-64/build/src/SFML/Graphics/Text.cpp:378 #8 0x00007ffff7f7434d in sf::RenderTarget::draw (this=0x629690, drawable=..., states=...) at /home/buildbot-workedebian-gcc-64/build/src/SFML/Graphics/RenderTarget.cpp:268 #9 0x00000000004241bb in HistoryRow::draw (this=0x7cc4c0, window=...) at /home/archishman/Chess/src/gui/GameHistory.cpp:62 #10 0x00000000004258ef in GameHistoryBlock::draw (this=0x7c1c80, window=...) at /home/archishman/Chess/src/gui/GameHistory.cpp:187 #11 0x00000000004205ac in GameBoard::render (this=0x7fffffffc710) at /home/archishman/Chess/src/gui/GameBoard.cpp:440 #12 0x000000000040a85f in main (argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffdb88) at /home/archishman/Chess/src/ChessGame.cpp:11 

Please help as I cannot infer what is getting wrong here. The fonts are correctly loaded as the playerNames is getting drawn with the same font correctly.
​

How did you guys work out the percentage of photons emitted per second? I found out the no. of photons emitted by dividing the power by the energy of the photons (using the wavelength). Then, I used the value of current to find charge and calculate the no. of photoelectrons emitted by dividing 0.41 by the charge of an electron. At last, I divided both answers to get 75%. But everyone else's saying its 85%?? Whered I go wrong

Even the students who've organized well and always scored inside the highest percentiles in all their mocks can get stumped by the non-MCQ questions in CAT 2024. Also known as TITA questions – ‘Type in The Answer’ – non-MCQ CAT questions are designed to be confusing. With no selections to pick from and lengthy answers, students can fast lose valuable minutes with out ever knowing in the event that they have an appropriate solution. TITA questions in CAT are acknowledged for their better difficulty tiers, poor accuracy, and time-eating nature. Get Started your CAT Exam Preparation with CAT Exam Online Coaching.
But these questions also include a hidden prize – not like the MCQs with stringent poor markings for wrong solutions, non-MCQ CAT questions haven't any negative marking in any respect. This makes them an engaging bet to attempt. With the proper method, college students can maximize their probabilities of bolstering their normal score with TITA CAT questions whilst saving time.

What are non-MCQ questions in CAT?

Non-MCQ or TITA questions had been delivered in the CAT examination by using IIM Ahmedabad in 2015. And ever due to the fact that then, they’ve been a ordinary feature in all CAT assessments. What separates them from the ordinary CAT questions is the lack of options. Unlike MCQ questions, which are observed by way of 4 choices – one of that's correct – TITA questions most effective have a textual content field. Students want to type in the answer the usage of the on-display screen keyboard.
Another thing to remember is that those questions don't have any bad marking. Candidates are provided three marks for correct solutions and lose none for wrong ones. This caveat makes it tempting for college students to attempt as many non-MCQ questions in CAT as possible. But those questions are framed to bleed time, i.E., they've a better issue stage and lower accuracy rate. Moreover, the absence of alternatives makes reverse deduction and guesswork obsolete. Students should remedy the entire question with the aid of hand to get to the solution. Even if they could come to be with the ideal one, there’s the danger of losing an excessive amount of treasured time on them and missing out on attempting other questions.

So, should you even attempt the TITA questions in CAT?

The trick lies in incorporating the non-MCQ questions inside your wellknown method for the paper in preference to searching at them one at a time. Your stop intention need to be to attain 45-60 marks on the general examination. If you may acquire that without the non-MCQ questions, then try this. If you sense some TITA questions will help you attain that focus on score, paintings with that.
Continue analyzing the weblog to apprehend the exact phase-clever approach for non-MCQ CAT questions.

How to address the non-MCQ questions in CAT 2024?

Just like you break down your strategy for MCQ questions primarily based at the kind of question and topic, you need to do the identical even for the non-MCQ CAT questions.

VARC TITA questions

You can count on everywhere between five-10 TITA questions within the Verbal Ability segment. These questions will commonly be divided into the subsequent classes:

• Para jumbles
• Para summary
• Odd sentence out/misfit

For VARC, the TITA questions largely observe the same format as the regular MCQ questions. This is one segment where trying TITA questions can prove to be exceptional. Para summaries and ordinary sentences may be solved speedy using the equal method you use for MCQs.
However, our mentors recommend that the TITA para jumbles have to handiest be attempted on the cease if spare time is to be had.

DILR TITA questions

With around 5-eight non-MCQ questions expected in DILR, this is the only section students have to be maximum wary of. It is straightforward to wander off in logical reasoning questions and lose tune of time. Moreover, finding the proper method to fixing the question can also take time. The equal applies to records interpretation. DI is usually calculation-heavy and can have answers strolling into a couple of decimal locations.
According to our mentors, TITA questions in DILR ought to handiest be attempted if you can right now visualize the perfect method to fixing it. Accuracy in those questions may be low, so basic mistakes should be averted. Another lure is using the on-display screen calculator. Punching numbers is likewise time-consuming, gobbling up precious seconds. Instead, attention on memorizing all numbers’ squares, cubes, and roots to store time.
Join the CAT Best Online Coaching to level up your CAT preparation.

QA TITA questions

The quant section may have the most TITA questions, numbering round eight-15. These questions can come from any subject matter inside the quant syllabus. To get a higher idea of the extraordinary subjects and the most essential ones, study our weblog on CAT syllabus.
Learn to perceive the core concepts being tested within the QA TITA questions. This will permit you to filter out the questions you can try quick and the ones you cannot based totally on the standards you’ve studied. With no opportunity to reverse engineer the answer from the options, getting to the precise answer can be complicated, even when you recognize the ideas. So, only attempt these questions ultimately when you have time to spare.
Non-MCQ questions in CAT want to be approached very judiciously. Instead of being tempted by way of the no poor marking clause, choose the TITA questions objectively. Remember, the accuracy stage of TITA questions is at the decrease quit. Solve as many TITA questions as you can from previous years’ papers. This will provide you with a better idea of what to expect. If you are nonetheless careworn, you may sign on for the IMS Mock CAT Test Series. With 18 SimCATs and the past 3 years’ papers with video answers, you’ll have access to a extensive variety of questions and approaches to remedy them. This will substantially give a boost to your method to non-MCQ questions in CAT 2024.

Labour Value is an invisible parallel economy that works on top of the visible economy. It's only function is to prove Marx's Hegelian dialectic materialism right. Otherwise it is completely unnecessary. There is nothing in Marxs observations that cannot be explained elsewhere.
LTV acts as a retreat for Marxists into which they can climb when all else fails. It's like jumping from one reality to the other. Marx uses an idea of “value” which in itself is an intangible ghost and divides this into other ghosts, all dancing to the tune of his pipe.
His thorough belief, influenced by the other economists of his time, is that value is an absolute, a definite. However value is simply a human expression of usefulness, something's value is as concrete as the user wishes it to be, which is changeable and intangible. The value of anything without humans is 0. It's an entirely social relation. However as a social relation valueis only one sided. It remains in the hands of the demander. Something Marx chooses to ignore focusing on the supplier for philosophical conscience.
Value can only be realised through exchange. Exchange requires a demander as it's common denominator. A supplier need not work or own or have madeve found, have been in the vicinity of the commodity to exchange it. The demander is the active participant in the exchange. The supplier is passive. He may set up shop, he may go door to door, but only by becoming a demander himself, he must forgoe his passivity and become an active demander to open shop or move himself from place to place. Demand is the active state.
Choice becomes dominant in this exchange afterwards. As the demander has, going into the exchange, a preference for that good. The supplier must then look at their own situation, seperate from their labour and their inputs as a demander to evaluate whether the trade should be made. This works in individuals as well as in aggregate. The value therefore is itself an expression of multiple and myriad individual factors that we group together as an easy expression of “Value.” Marx then takes this idea of “Value” itself a ghost or a spook, simply a notion for a phenomenon that is itself unreal, without a stable meaning or equal sum of parts from one exchange to the next, he takes this and divides it into the parts of his choosing: Labour value, use value etc.
This is done to suit the historical materialism that he has set out to prove as the driving force of nature. The value theory of Marx is itself unrefutable, however this is due to its place above the actual and tangible economy. The beauty of creating this ghost is that like any spectre we cannot hit it, for, self contained, it simply flits away into the air from whence it came. The Marxist idea of value presents itself as scientific but remains pseudoscience.
It might follow laws of logic, but not of empirical inquiry. Marx's theory of labour is etherial for this very reason. Marx as a philosopher is well aware of what he is doing. By proposing a theoretical model that sits on top (A superstructure if you will lol) of the processes of production and exchange, in which those processes can function as well without it as with it, he creates a spectre that can jump out at any stage in the process and shout “boo” announcing its presence and then disappearing again.
It, despite the attempts to formally calculate and realise it in reality, remains elusive. But that is a power granted to it by it's creation. It cannot be proven or disproven, you could replace the whole thing with ghosts and it wouldn't lose any logical reasoning. The labour value of Marx indeed acts as a ghost, an intangible and etherial force that work embues into commodities, a spirit that lives in that commodity and realises itself spontaneously when another person claims ownership of it.
The challenge that Marx gives to his acolytes is to find this transformation using his vague mathematical theories, that aggregate the economy, then divide and sub divide through further aggregates until you end up with a number that has absolutely no relevance to anything and has to be proven useful in predicting anything. The Value of Marx is therefore at once a concrete, self contained theory that follows strict laws of logic and is irrefutable in it's own theoretical state.
But it is also a ghost, it takes an intangible human construct and breathes a whole mysticism into it, which l, like any religious system is thoroughly logical in itself. Accept the idea of Kronos and nothing about the Roman pantheon makes sense. There is nothing about Marx's value theory that doesn't mimic in this regard.
It suffers the same fate as well, when science, medicine, economics etc are based on religious mysticism they suffer from the unrelenting forces of reality. Marxist theory suffers the same fate. Marx's observations were nothing new, simply taken from other economic theories of the time. His predictions are explainable with more robustness and accuracy with Austrian Economics for example, which does not need any ghosts to make it work.
His only contribution is the additional and contrived shoe horning in of his theory of value, itself a cheery picked combination of classical economic ideas. Marx wished for value to be a tangible force that can explain things as elegantly as electricity, but instead it remains a ghost, like the old aether that filled the void.
It comes from nothing than the mind, stays in the mind and dies there when it cannot be brought out into reality.

I knew the night before mediation that she was up to no good. I was provided a copy of her financial affidavit two weeks after it was filed with the court. It was supposed to be provided to myself and my attorney at the same time as filing with the court.
STBEX populated her affidavit with grossly inaccurate figures, in every case these inaccuracies provided benefit to herself. When asked where she got these wildly different numbers compared to my filing, she said she used the information I gave her. I forwarded the sole email in which I provided her with screenshots and PDF files from the various online portals to both attorneys and the mediator. The mediator pressed, now asking her why she blamed me when her figures were nowhere to be found in the information I provided. When asked why she lied about it being my fault, and where did she actually get her figures, she refused to talk.
It also came out that she failed to disclose $15k of income that occurred just two months prior.
I came to learn almost accidentally that her Mother purchased a $500k house for her a month prior to mediation. It’s in her mom’s name, but, I’ve learned that she will be living in a newly built-out basement apartment and will be renting out the main living space. In our town, that would likely provide $3-4k/mo of income, while she lives for free downstairs.
I am now reflecting on all of this, as well as how I was refused alimony despite the court calculator saying otherwise, and her “child support” payments to me don’t even cover one half of our kids’ portion of my health insurance.
Specifically about the house purchased for her to live in and collect rental income from, was this a significant issue, that she didn’t disclose this?
I had been advised to not even discuss the possibility of purchasing a multi-unit after the divorce was finalized until the divorce was finalized, because she could easily be entitled to a portion of my profits, and it would also hurt me in calculations while dividing assets.
Her financial affidavit doesn’t mention anything about anticipated rental income, housing with no cost, etc. In fact, it is populated with grossly large numbers describing her cost of housing, which impacted many aspects of the settlement.
I suspect that she provided figures reflecting the cost her mother is paying on the house, to make her cost of living higher, while omitting the substantial income the property would provide her. Plus a free place to live.
Is there a legal issue with these failures to disclose and filing an affidavit under penalty of perjury that contained more the 12 examples of falsified amounts?
While far, far less than many stories I’ve read, I did get the shit end of the stick in this process. She came out around $30k over me in the balance sheet. It put me in bad shape financially, while she’s enjoying significant upgrades to her financial standing.
Is this something a family court would take seriously and hold her accountable to at least rectify the harmful effects caused by her acts of perjury? Is this worth addressing and revisiting the settlement agreement to provide an honest, transparent representation of her finances and costs?

By my count, there are 15 T5 ships available for just dilithium or a level 40 token, which someone might want a starter build for to help them finish off the episode missions and start the reputation grind. My Strict Budget Build covers the three science vessels, the Baby Step series covers the three cruisers with tactical ensigns, Quick Looks 1 and 2 cover the Hegh'ta Bird of Prey and the Jem'hadar Escort, and there's definitely an argument to be made that some are just bad choices. But there was one more I wanted to take a look at here. This series will not be as thoroughly researched as those previous series, and it will not feature optimized skill builds (there are many resources for that), but the builds will be proven in the Badlands Battlezone and in solo Defense of Starbase One Advanced, as well as extensively parsed in the Wanted (Argala System) patrol with comparisons to similar builds. That should adequately demonstrate that they can get you whatever reputation marks you need, using only mission, basic (generally Mk XII uncommon) Exchange, and Phoenix Store items. Each build will be allowed one Mk XV item to maintain parity with the Strict Budget Build, usually a forward weapon. It's also easy enough to put these together that I could be persuaded to do more if there's a ship that deserves it.
So, why the Vo'Quv? Well it's in the name, it's a carrier. Hangar bays are expensive to boost in this game, but that means they have to be balanced to have pretty good base damage. In this case the two hangars did more than half the damage of most of the other builds in this series with hardly any support for them. The downside to carriers is that they often sacrifice a lot for those hangars. Not so for Flight Deck Carriers, which are pretty much full cruisers, or any of the single hangar types, but the science carriers like the Vo'Quv don't really have an obvious path to getting ship damage, especially on this budget. Their turn rate is terrible, which is a problem for most things, they have only 6 weapons so getting a lot from energy weapons is out, and they don't have a secondary deflector, which did do more on my science vessel build than the hangars did here.
So where did I end up, then? Well, with 6 science ability slots and not a ton of options I couldn't see not using them for some direct exotic damage. And since that required me to face forward, and the turn rate was terrible and I couldn't do much about it, I concluded that I'd have to use turrets in the rear with either beam arrays or single cannons forward, the two widest arc weapon combinations possible apart from pure turrets, although their damage potential is limited. The Chronometric set also seemed like a must have, providing a large amount of EPG and some Polaron cat1 from the tac console, and a bit of aux power from the 2 piece, but I wasn't sure whether I'd want the Morphogenic set or not, since it would mean sacrificing a cannon. Then, I went to the TRINITY DPS Calculator from STO BETTER and started plugging in some rough options. Single cannons outperformed beam arrays even with the Chronometric 3 piece, so that settled that, and getting the crtd from the Morphogenic 3 piece and Cannon Scatter Volley was well worth losing a forward cannon for the torp. Attack Pattern Beta proved a bigger contributor than expected thanks to boosting the exotic damage as well, which is why that's at 2 and CSV is at 1, and easily outperformed including a Torpedo Spread as well. Finally I switched the power settings away from a balanced configuration toward weapons over aux and aux over weapons, and the high aux version did best. So that was the build.
How did it perform? Well it was sluggish, obviously, I expected that. But the DPS was pretty impressive and was reflected in how quickly it got kills. And the survivability was pretty good, with a lot of hull and pretty good healing I really couldn't complain, except that it was so sluggish it was hard to run out of range and heal if I needed to. On the other hand when I did withdraw the fighters kept fighting, contributing to the highest Wanted Elite DPS of any of the builds in the table with only one attempt needed to survive the whole mission (the science vessel could do better by charging in and dying a couple of times, but needed to play cautiously and sacrifice its CPB to survive). They were even powerful enough to handle the Birds of Prey in Starbase One Advanced without any help from the mothership, potentially even without player input, which could be convenient.

Captain Details

Captain Name	Stilt
Captain Career	Science
Captain Faction	Federation
Captain Race	Vulcan
Primary Specialization	Temporal	The best specialization for exotic builds, as well as for ground builds and a good generalist option, it provides debuffs, damage boosts, EPG, and survivability

Space Skill Tree

Rank	Engineering		Science		Tactical
Lieutenant		Advanced Hull Capacity			Advanced Energy Weapon Training	Advanced Projectile Weapon Training
Lt. Commander	Improved Electro-Plasma System Flow	Impulse Expertise	Improved Control Expertise	Drain Expertise	Targeting Expertise	Defensive Maneuvering
			Control Amplification	Drain Infection
Commander	Hull Plating				Advanced Weapon Amplification	Advanced Weapon Specialization
Captain	Defensive Subsystem Tuning		Advanced Exotic Particle Generator	Advanced Long Range Targeting Sensors	Advanced Hull Penetration	Advanced Shield Weakening
Admiral					Coordination Protocols	Advanced Tactical Readiness
					Defensive Coordination
					Offensive Coordination
1 Points Left	8		11		26

Space Skill Unlocks

Purchases	Engineering	Science	Tactical
2	Hazard Emitters III	Science Team III	Tachyon Beam III
5	Battery Expertise	Sector Space Travel Speed
7	Feedback Pulse III	Photonic Shockwave III	Jam Sensors III
10		Maximum Shield Capacity
12			Tractor Beam III
15		Control Resistance
17			Viral Matrix III
20		Shield Drain Resistance
24 (Ultimate)			Focused Frenzy
25 (1st Ultimate Enhancer)			Frenzied Assault
26 (2nd Ultimate Enhancer)			Team Frenzy

This skill tree is my generalist one from Strict Budget Build part 2, and it pretty much needs to be. This build relies on both energy weapon and exotic damage, so it can't afford to neglect either one. There are other generalist skill trees, of course, but that is what you'll need to be looking for, any single purpose tree isn't going to get the job done.

Ship Loadout: Vo'Quv Carrier

Slot	Item	Notes
Fore Weapon 1	Polaron Cannon	The one Mk XV, single cannons are usually a poor choice, but they will outperform beam arrays forward/turrets aft and provide 180 degrees of firing arc
Fore Weapon 2	Polaron Cannon	The Vo'Quv suffers from terrible turn rate so it doesn't want weapons with narrow arcs, but it needs to face forward for the exotic damage
Fore Weapon 3	Morphogenic Polaron Energy Torpedo Launcher	Here for the 3 piece set bonus providing 30% crtd to the whole ship
Aft Weapon 1	Heavy Chronometric Polaron Turret	Mostly need a turret, 2 piece provides some aux
Aft Weapon 2	Morphogenic Polaron Energy Weapon	Another turret, and contributes to the 3 piece
Aft Weapon 3	Polaron Turret	Just a turret
Deflector	Solanae Deflector Array Mk XII Very Rare	Provides more EPG out of the box than any other mission reward
Impulse Engines	Sol Defense Impulse Engines Mk XII Very Rare	With the bonus from getting hit this does just provide the best total turn rate out of the mission rewards at 14.7 degrees/s, replace with Fortified Competitive rep engines
Warp Core	Obelisk Subspace Rift Warp Core	This build only hits 122 aux so this doesn't actually help, could consider Deuterium-Stabilized but the benefit is minimal
Shields	Sol Defense Covariant Shield Array Mk XII Very Rare	2 piece is nice for survivability, alternative would be Jem'Hadar 2 piece for a bit of Polaron cat1.
Devices	Exotic Particle Flood	Crafted in Science R&D. I do have to admit that the materials are a little hard to come by, and Admiralty (with account unlocked ships) is the best source I've found.
	Deuterium Surplus	Evasive Maneuvers in battery form, and you can collect 4 per day from the Alhena system.
	Delta Alliance Reinforcements Beacon	Handy damage boost
3 Engineering Consoles	Console - Engineering - Trellium-D Plating Mk XII Very Rare	Good survivability console, could use a Neutronium instead
	Console - Engineering - Polaric Modulator Mk XII Very Rare	Boosts Inertia, which is rare, as well as turn rate, and slipstream turn rate at warp
	Console - Engineering - House Martok Defensive Configuration Mk XII Very Rare	Boosts turn rate and provides some survivability, an RCS would work too
4 Science Consoles	Console - Science - Temporal Disentanglement Suite Mk XII Very Rare	Nice crit and durability boost, plus some power.
	Console - Science - Temporally Shielded Datacore Mk XII Very Rare	Slightly less EPG than Particle Generators but it makes up for it with the CtrlX
	Console - Science - Particle Generator Mk XII Uncommon	Just need EPG
	Console - Science - Particle Generator Mk XII Common
2 Tactical Consoles	Console - Tactical - Morphogenic Matrix Controller Mk XII Very Rare	For the 3 piece and some polaron cat1
	Console - Tactical - Chronometric Capacitor Mk XII Very Rare	Good EPG, some aux from the 2 piece, and some Polaron cat1, and this build uses all of it
2 Hangar Bays	Hangar - To'Duj Fighters	These provide more DPS than any other hangar that's available by default, and they come with the ship, they will die in heavy AoE content, otherwise use two
	Hangar - Delta Flyers	These have slightly less DPS than To'duj but almost never die in any content, but do require a level 65 KDF character for Cross Faction Flying. Could substitute B'rels for more DPS loss

Officer Details

Bridge Officers
Lt. Commander Tactical	Tactical Team I	Shield distribution and debuff clear, may cause firing cycle problems but I haven't seen it
	Cannon: Scatter Volley I	Excellent weapon damage buff and also spreads APB to up to 3 targets
	Attack Pattern Beta II	Unusual to slot this above the firing mode, but it boosts every damage source and weapon damage is only ~1/4 of the total
Lt. Commander Engineering	Emergency Power to Engines I	More than doubles speed and provides +2 turn rate, essential mobility for any build
	Auxiliary to Structural I	Excellent heal and damage resist, and on a very short cooldown
	Emergency Power to Weapons III	Major energy weapon damage boost
Commander Science	Hazard Emitters I	Good hull heal and debuff clear
	Destabilizing Resonance Beam I	Good exotic damage, used with GW
	Photonic Officer II	Cooldown reduction
	Gravity Well III	Good exotic damage and control
Lieutenant Science	Science Team I	Shield heal and debuff clear
	Tyken's Rift I	Exotic damage, alternate with GW

Traits & Duty Officers

Trait	Name	Description	Notes
Personal Traits	Astrophysicist		A little bit of EPG
	Cannon Training		A little more cannon damage
	Conservation of Energy		Significant exotic damage while solo, but stacks don't last long
	Deft Cannoneer		Boosts turn rate by 1, on this build we need it, from Cannons R&D
	Fleet Coordinator		One of the best traits in the game when on a team
	Give Your All		Excellent hull damage resistance, from Engineering R&D
	Operative		Some extra crit
	Particle Manipulator		The most powerful trait for exotic damage, +50%/+29.6% crth/crtd on this build, from Science R&D
	Photonic Capacitor		Extra Photonic Fleet is nice to have
Starship Traits	None		Unconventional Tactics from completing Strategist is definitely worth slotting here, but I kept it cheap.
Space Reputation Traits	None		You'll start picking these up very quickly, Precision and Advanced Targeting Systems are top picks.
Duty Officers	Projectile Weapons Officer		"Law" from A Fistful of Gorn, a bit of a pain to get there, but worth having
	Projectile Weapons Officer		A common included in my first duty officer pack
	Astrometrics Scientist		Uncommon, also in my first pack, handy to have set
	Conn Officer		From Phoenix, a must have for mobility in any build

This table shows all damage sources in one Wanted Advanced run, with multiple lines from the same source summed together.

Source	DPS
To'Duj Fighters	6594
Delta Flyers	4504
Gravity Well	3571
Photonic Fleet	3170
Polaron Cannons	2889
Destabilizing Resonance Beam	1728
Chronometric Turret	1156
Polaron Turret	1001
Morphogenic Turret	994
Morphogenic Torpedo	855
Tyken's Rift	839
Drain Infection	708
Entropic Rider	144

^{Table formatting brought to you by ExcelToReddit}
Now, let's talk keybinds. In STO on PC you're going to want to learn keybinding eventually, and most of it's not too hard and can be done through the chat window (although it is arguably better to create a separate text file with your binds, that's more complicated). The first thing I always do is to set up a secondary fire weapons button through settings, usually V, just in case I screw up and my intended fire keybind doesn't work. While I'm there I usually set Distribute Shields to Left Shift, it's a pretty good survivability boost, although a lot of people do say it can mess up firing cycles, but personally I've never noticed a problem. Then, the commands you'll want to know are "FirePhasers" or "FireAll", "+power_exec Distribute_Shields", and "+TrayExecByTray # #", where # is a number. Note that the list of commands needs quotation marks around it, and commands should be separated by "$$". So if you typed the following into the chat: /bind y "+TrayExecByTray 0 0 $$ +TrayExecByTray 0 1 $$ +TrayExecByTray 1 2 $$ +TrayExecByTray 1 3" That would create a keybind so that y would activate the first and second abilities in the row labeled 1, and the third and fourth abilities in the row labeled 2 (0 in a keybind means 1 in the UI, 1 means 2, 2 means 3, etc., that's just how it works), starting with the fourth ability in 2 and then proceeding backwards. From there on in it's personal preference, put things where they feel natural to you, where you're used to them being. What I use has evolved naturally over time, I make no claims that it's efficient, just that I'm used to it, and I use it on everything. For fire weapons, distribute shields, Emergency Power abilities, cooldown reduction, often Aux to Structural, and anything else I just want to keep active I use spacebar, like this: /bind space "FireAll $$ +power_exec Distribute_Shields $$ +TrayExecByTray 6 0 $$ +TrayExecByTray 6 1 $$ +TrayExecByTray 6 2 $$ +TrayExecByTray 6 3 $$ +TrayExecByTray 6 4" That's the first 5 slots in row 7, which is usually enough. Then for my firing modes, Attack Pattern Beta, and so on, things with short cooldowns I activate as I attack, I use the 7 key, no good reason for that it just happened, and the first 4 slots in row 3: /bind 7 "+TrayExecByTray 2 0 $$ +TrayExecByTray 2 1 $$ +TrayExecByTray 2 2 $$ +TrayExecByTray 2 3" And finally for my exotic builds I always put Gravity Well and Destabilizing Resonance beam on 2, using the next two slots in row 3, although it is true that the usual logic behind that doesn't apply here, I just did it out of habit: /bind 2 "+TrayExecByTray 2 4 $$ +TrayExecByTray 2 5" That's all the keybinds I use, everything else I activate manually, one at a time, but it does compress 13 keys I might want to be pressing down to 3, which helps a lot.
Now, the difficult thing about this build is that I really don't know how to suggest upgrading it, apart from the obvious necessity of some Competitive Reputation engines to get their Overcharge to improve turn rate, I made sure to use Aux to Structural to pair with the Fortified version of those. The damage is very divided between different types, with about 40% from hangars, 25% from exotics, and 21% from energy weapons, and it's not getting a lot out of any of them, but I'll provide my own ideas and the STO BETTER Basics links for all three. Currently the biggest damage source is the hangars, but trying to improve those would be expensive. Ideally you'd like to pick up Superior Area Denial from the Mirror Strike Wing Escort lockbox ship, or at least the Independent Wingmate space trait, but those are very expensive compared to this build. Even the more minor and less powerful Advanced Engineering – Hangar Craft Power Transmission consoles are starting at 1 million energy credits each on PC for either a Mk XII with a useless mod or a Mk II with an [EPG] mod, or 5 million for a Mk II with [Polaron], while Swarmer Matrix is going for 7 million. If you wanted to work on exotic damage you could of course pick up the Temporal reputation two piece, and then you might want Subspace Vortex or Very Cold in Space to replace the heals with some more damage, but those will cost you 9 million each, and really you'd want to pair them with Spore Infused Anomalies from the Somerville or Batlh C-store ships for a truly potent source of exotic damage. You might be able to get good exotic damage out of the Gravimetric Photon and Particle Emission Plasma torpedoes after picking up the Competitive engines, and those aren't as expensive, but they do give you a much narrower arc. And if you wanted to improve the energy weapons, of course there are reputation items you can pick up starting with the Discovery reputation shield, but you're pretty limited by the combination of poor turn rate and forward firing exotics. You could try to switch to dual (heavy) cannons, probably moving the torpedo to the rear and dropping the plain turret, but I don't think I'm a good enough pilot to pull that off even with Competitive engines, which would leave you with single cannons which have underwhelming base damage and very few set items to support them. I just don't know what direction to go in to make a really impactful improvement in this build.
Finally, here's the table of DPS testing in the Wanted patrol for all five equivalent budget builds. The Luna used the original, unaltered Strict Budget Build, using the mentioned swap of Emergency Power to Shields instead of Aux to Structural for better survivability against non-Borg. The Vor'cha sat somewhere between parts one and two of the Baby Step series, meaning it had exactly the same consoles as the Hegh'ta BoP and similar ones to the Jem Escort, and the beam equivalents of the phaser weapons, with exactly the abilities and personal traits in the Baby Step posts. It must also be said that the Vor'cha and Vo'quv were the only builds to never die on elite difficulty, and the Vor'cha was definitely the toughest, although all the builds took about 20 minutes to get through the mission so using them at that difficulty is a bad idea. The Hegh'ta of course used the Quick Looks 1 build, and the Jem Escort used the Quick Looks 2 build.

	Elite (DPS thousands)	Advanced 1 (DPS thousands)	Advanced 2	Advanced 3	Advanced 4	Advanced Average
Hegh'ta Heavy BoP	20.0	20.1	21.5	22.5	23.2	21.8
Jem'hadar Escort	19.3	23.4	20.6	21.8	19.7	21.4
Vo'quV Carrier	27.3	26.3	28.2	26.6	25.2	26.6
Luna Science Vessel	24.8	31.4	28.3	27.9	27.0	28.6
Vor'cha Battlecruiser	15.1	15.0	14.1	14.8	14.6	14.6

^{Table formatting brought to you by ExcelToReddit}

Churn rate can be calculated by dividing the number of customers lost during a period by the total number of customers at the start of that period, then multiplying by 100 to get a percentage.

The ~BRICS e-commerce logistics market~ is projected to have a considerable CAGR of 13.7% during the forecast period. BRICS E-Commerce Logistics Market research report reveals important insights into market scenario to enable key players in taking calculated decision making. Basically, one of the major purposes of market research reports is to maximize the business growth opportunities. It also helps key players to turn business into a successful business by increasing the profit level. The overall business goal can be accomplished through this BRICS E-Commerce Logistics Market study report as it consists of all the current happenings and major innovations of the marketplace. Depending on the overall business objective, it is important to reduce business risks to generate larger revenues in the business. Several regions are captured in this Market report which includes North America, Europe, Middle East, Africa, Latin America and Asia Pacific.
Get Free Sample link @ https://www.omrglobal.com/request-sample/brics-e-commerce-logistics-market
BRICS e-commerce logistics market is segmented based on products, service, and location. Based on products, the BRICS e-commerce logistics market is segmented into personal care, home furnishing, apparel, electronics, automotive, and others. Among these, electronics products are estimated to have a significant market share amongst all products segment due to the increasing use of electronic devices such as smartphone and other devices. Similarly, based on services, the market is categorized into transport services, warehouse services, and others. Whereas, based on location, the BRICS e-commerce market is divided into urban, semi-urban, and rural.
full report of BRICS E-Commerce Logistics Market available @ https://www.omrglobal.com/industry-reports/brics-e-commerce-logistics-market
· Market Coverage
· Market number available for – 2024-2031
· Base year- 2024
· Forecast period- 2024-2031
· Segment Covered- By Source, By Product Type, By Applications
· Competitive Landscape- Archer Daniels Midland Co., Ingredion Inc., Kerry Group Plc, Cargill
· Inc., and others
BRICS E-Commerce Logistics Market Report Segment
By Products

• Baby Products
• Personal Care Products
• Books
• Home Furnishing Products
• Apparel Products
• Electronics Products
• Automotive Products
• Others

By Services

• Transportation Services
• Warehouse Services
• Others

By Location

• Urban
• Semi-Urban
• Rural

The Report Covers

• Annualized market revenues ($ million) for each market segment.
• Country-wise analysis of major geographical regions.
• Key companies operating in the BRICS e-commerce logistics market. Based on the availability of data, information related to pipeline products, and relevant news is also available in the report.
• Analysis of business strategies by identifying the key market segments positioned for strong growth in the future.
• Analysis of market entry and market expansion strategies.
• Competitive strategies by identifying ‘who-stands-where’ in the market.

For More Customized Data, Request for Report Customization @ https://www.omrglobal.com/report-customization/brics-e-commerce-logistics-market
About Orion Market Research Orion Market Research (OMR) is a market research and consulting company known for its crisp and concise reports. The company is equipped with an experienced team of analysts and consultants. OMR offers quality syndicated research reports, customized research reports, consulting and other research-based services. The company also offer Digital Marketing services through its subsidiary OMR Digital and Software development and Consulting Services through another subsidiary Encanto Technologies.
Media Contact:
Company Name: Orion Market Research
Contact Person: Mr. Anurag Tiwari
Email: [info@omrglobal.com](mailto:info@omrglobal.com)
Contact no: +91 780-304-0404