https://www.academia.edu/119773754
Greek had many adj. in -imos and only a few in -oimos. This suggests that some o-stem nouns formed adj. in *-o-imos, but that this type was short-lived, leaving only a few remnants. This seems shown by doublets :
​
*ku(H)d- ‘(loud/joyous) sound’ ? >
kûdos- ‘renown / glory’, kū́dimos ‘*renowned > epithet of Hermes’
kudázō ‘insult’, kudoimós ‘din of battle / uproar’
​
and the late and secondary nature of some (after *-tm- > *-dm-) :
​
*Halut-mn ‘bitter drink’ > L. alūmen ‘alum’, G. aludmaínō ‘make bitter’, alúdoimos ‘bitter’
*Halut() > ON öl ‘beer’, OE ealu(ð), E. ale, Arm. awłi ‘(strong) alcohol’ >> Geo. (a)ludi ‘beer’, Os. älyton ‘magic beer in stories’
​
​
With this in mind, Greek hetoîmos ‘at hand / ready / imminent / active / zealous’ probably came from a late derivation from *hetós ‘activity / zeal’ (or similar) with retained accent. No etymology with -mos added to an unknown *hetoi- makes sense (see summary in Dieu), so this seems needed. Since ‘ready’ can refer to both things and people, with slightly different meaning, knowing which one it originally came from would certainly help. I proposed ‘activity / zeal’ to match :
​
*yet- > Skt. yatná- ‘zeal / effort / aspiring after / volition’, yatúna- ‘restless / active’, yátate ‘place in order / join / meet / seek / strive / try / exert oneself, TA yatatär ‘is capable of / can (be)’, TB yoto-
​
This is the best possible match to explain all data. PIE *y seems to become h or z in Greek, no clear conditions (Whalen 2024a). This even goes back to LB e-pi-ju-ko ‘item or material used in building’, matched G. epizugís ‘kind of iron pin’ used of tiles) and likely Linear A au-ta-de-po-ni-za as the fem. of Greek autodespótēs ‘absolute master’ (the fem. of *potis is *potniya > pótnia, so this would show optional internal *y > dz in a location where sandhi or *Hy- vs. *y- could not work).
​
​
Since all data favors *-e- (G. -e-, Skt. -a-) not *-o- (Skt. **-ā-), the Tocharian evidence needs explanation. Adams says *yot-o- is needed for TA yata-, but this would not give TB yoto-. An o-grade in a verb, especially when it otherwise would exactly match Skt. yátate, seems unlikely. Since it is PToch. *e that gave TA a, this seems like *ye- preserving *e (that normally would > *yä, so possibly prevented from creating *yyä). This would also fit with other optional outcomes of *yä / *ye (likely from *yE), etc., of clear origin :
​
*sindhu- > MP hyndwg, *hinduka- >> *yäntuke > *yE- > TB yentuke
​
*ukso:n > *wäkso:n > *wäkso:n / *wOkso:n > TB okso
​
*H2anH1-tmHo- ? >> *ana-lmö > *OnO-lme > *(w)O- / *wu- > TB onolme \ wnolme ‘creature / living being / person’
​
Adams also gives 2 words with *sup- > sop- or sp-, showing the same alternation, though he doesn’t discuss it.
​
​
Since PToch. *e can become *o near *w, even when not touching (*swäle > TA ṣul, TB ṣale = mountain/hill, *en-swäle > oṣṣale ‘north’), and -w- is a common affix in verbs, this allows :
​
PIE *yetewotor ‘he moves / strives’ > PToch. *yetyäwetär > *yetäwyetär > TA *yetäyetär > *yetetär (y-dissim.) > yatatär ‘is capable of / can (be)’, TB *yetäwetär > *yotwotär > yoto-
​
​
I do not feel that reconstructing *o to explain *e when *e > *e is possible in the specific *ye > *ye makes any sense, yet linguists continue making these mistakes. Instead of thinking about whether the context or environment allows a simple sound change, they stick to changes already known, and mechanically reconstruct a single sound, no matter how unfitting it may be. Many similar cases exist; just for V1 > V1 being overlooked, consider how in most Indo-European, the word for ‘grandfather’ comes from *H2awo- and ‘grandmother’ from a related form in *-iH2 or *-yaH2 (Whalen 2023a) :
​
Arm. hav, L. avus ‘grandfather’
​
Go. awó, L. avia ‘grandmother’
​
Old Norse words, however, show 2 different oddities in related words:
​
*avon- > afi ‘grandfather’
​
*a:won- > ái ‘great-grandfather’
​
Though linguists like Jay Jasanoff have explained ái as coming from Indo-European *H2e:(H2)wo- as a vrddhi derivative of *H2a(H2)wo- there is no evidence for lengthened grade in PIE. Supposed examples are most often found in Indo-Iranian, where *o > *ā was common. It is unlikely these 2 features would cluster in one area if both were real. Other examples of PIE *ē in Tocharian (most by Adams) ignore that, again, *ē and *o merged there. Even the 2nd H2 Jasanoff believes in seems better explained by optional *w > *xW in Anatolian (found in other words and positons, partly seen by Kümmel, Whalen 2024b). It is unlikely PIE had a word for ‘great-grandfather’ at all, or at least not a single word. The cause of this change for *avon- / *a:won- is probably optional metathesis *H2awo- / *aH2wo-. This new *H2 was deleted afterwards, creating new *a: separate from *a: > PGmc. *o: or *e: > *æ: . An optional *H2w > *v might explain *avon- > afi ‘grandfather’ as well (2 variants creating 2 very similar words is more likely than them coming to look the same by chance instead).
​
This metathesis is also seen in *H2aw- > Old Latin ahvidies ‘offering to the gods’, Skt. ávati ‘promote/favosatisfy / offer to the gods / be pleased’; *Hravo- \ *raHvo- > L. ravus \ rāvus ‘hoarse’, Skt. rāva-s ‘cry/shriek/roayell / any noise’, A. rHoó ‘song’ (Whalen 2023b). There is also no methodological reason to create intermediate a >> e: > a: instead of a > a: more directly. Since some type of H-metathesis is already needed for roots with *-aiH- vs. *-aHy-, etc., ignoring the same when ahv- is literally spelled out for them makes no sense. The same is reconstructed by others for an explanation of the Li. tone in *H2awso-m > L. aurum ‘gold’, *aH2wso-m > Li. áuksas. Since *H2aw- > *aH2w- is exactly the same environment in both, its existence should not be doubted by those linguists, at least.
​
​
Dieu, Eric (2018) Grec ἑτοῖμος / ἕτοιμος “qui est sous la main, prêt, disponible”, hitt. zē(y)a- “cuire (intr.) ; être cuit, être prêt”, zinni- “finir, en finir avec, venir à bout de” : du “tout cuit” étymologique ?
https://www.academia.edu/39436453
​
Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2014) The conditioning for secondary h in Hittite
https://www.academia.edu/959610
​
Whalen, Sean (2023a) Indo-European word for ‘grandfather’
https://www.reddit.com/IndoEuropean/comments/13fwrn0/indoeuropean_word_for_grandfathe
​
Whalen, Sean (2023b) Latin cūria, Volscian covehriu ‘assembly’
https://www.reddit.com/usestlatos/comments/14p1ji1/latin_c%C5%ABria_volscian_covehriu_assembly/
​
Whalen, Sean (2024a) Cretan Elements in Linear B, Part Two: *y > z, *o > u, LB *129, LAB *65, Minoan Names (Draft)
https://www.academia.edu/114878588
​
Whalen, Sean (2024b) Greek Consonant Changes: Stops and Fricatives in Contact (Draft)
https://www.academia.edu/114138414
​

Oi pessoal, estou criando um GP de estudos no zap voltado pra FUVEST, o intuito é tirar dúvidas uns com os outros, pegar dicas, compartilhar métodos de estudos e ajudar-mos entre si. Qualquer um é bem vindo, seja avançado ou mediano.( limite de 15 pessoas) Interessados, mandem msg no pv meu reddit.

I finally, on a Rare with one Bravory Boost with Rex at level 48, got this beautiful. On my third play through the rng-gods have been favorable. Incredibly so given my stats to even pull this...
I man-squealed when I saw the Vector box.

"Good-bye, lover-- It's been fun... And I always did want to go in battle. You get to keep your planet, kid... Don't forget me... Don't forget me"
Bio: Val Armorr was the son of Japan's greatest crimelord, Kirau Nezumi, also known as Black Dragon, When he was born, his mother, the American secret agent Valentina Armorr, tried to hide him from his father, but she failed and was killed for her affront. Japan's biggest hero Sensei Toshiaki, the White Crane, eventually killed Black Dragon for his crimes and adopted the infant Val. He raised Val as if he were his own son, and trained him in all manner of the martial arts.
Origin in scan form ^{(Superboy vol 1 #210})
Alternate look at his origin ^{(Secrets of the Legion of Super-Heroes #2})
Databook entries

• Superboy #205
• All-New Collector's Edition #55
• Who's Who: The Definitive Directory of the DC Universe #12
• Who's Who in the Legion of Superheroes #3
• DC Comics Encyclopedia: Updated and Expanded
• All New DC Comics Encyclopedia

Original Val

Strength
Note: Karate Kid needs to concentrate and channel his chi to perform feats of strength ^{(Adventure Comics #359})

• In his origin, chops through a steel beam ^{(Adventure Comics #346})
• Chops through a spaceship hull ^{(Adventure Comics #347})
• Lightning Lad flashes back to Karate Kid stopping a car with a single chop ^{(Adventure Comics #351})
• Knocks out a Jovian Mastodon and a Tricorn Beast with a single strike each, and judo throws a Sloth Ape ^{(Adventure Comics #358})
• Chops through two trees in one swing ^{(Adventure Comics #358})
• Analyzes some thick gates, then chops through them ^{(Adventure Comics #360})
• Kicks away a hover car ^{(Adventure Comics #361})
• Chops through a tank, then starts a small earthquake with a stomp ^{(Adventure Comics #367})
• Destroys a practice bot in a rage ^{(Adventure Comics #373})
• Claims his chops could fell giant redwoods ^{(Superboy vol 1 #203})
• Creates an earthquake with a stomp that breaks apart a statue ^{(Legion of Superheroes vol 3 #31})
  • Note: This is a flashback to earlier times, so despite being in vol 3, takes place Chronologically in vol 1, as shown by him wearing the brown gi instead of his more famous white one
• Punches through a robot ^{(Superboy vol 1 #214})
• Kicks a meteor to pieces ^{(Karate Kid #2})
• Creates a counter-vibration strong enough to reverse Major Disaster's artificial earthquake. ^{(Karate Kid #2}.)
• Flexes off six cavemen ^{(Karate Kid #11})
• [MASSIVE OUTLIER] When bound with ropes made of indestructible Inertron, he somehow manages to break free. ^{(Superboy and the Legion of Super-Heroes #231})
  • Album of Inertron being invulnerable/unbreakable/strong enough to resist Kryptonians
• Breaks out of a machine that saps powers, minds and will (Legion of Super-Heroes vol 3 004)

Speed

• Moves "with the speed of thought" ^{(Adventure Comics #361})
• Dodges Mano and Persuader's attacks ^{(Adventure Comics #378})
• Dodges Validus' mental lightning ^{(Adventure Comics #378})
• Dodges a blast from the Emerald Eye of Ekon ^{(Superboy vol 1 #198})
• Dodges a blast from *sigh* Radiation Roy ^{(Superboy vol 1 #208})
• Rushes forward and front tuck into a Rider Kick in a fraction of a second ^{(Superboy vol 1 #214})
• Dodges a bolt from Lightning Lad ^{(Karate Kid #1})
• Dodges radiation blasts from Nemesis Kid ^{(Karate Kid #1})
• Intercepts a falling meteor ^{(Karate Kid #2})
• Backflips over a bullet ^{(Karate Kid #2})
• Dodges a laser ^{(Karate Kid #13})
• Leaps over a bullet and behind a guy in less than a fifth of a second ^{(Karate Kid #15})
• Dances around Pharoxx's strikes ^{(Legion of Super-Heroes #309})
• Redirects Pharoxx's own magic against him ^{(Legion of Super-Heroes #309})

Durability

• Survives an explosion that KO'd and nearly killed his sensei ^{(Adventure Comics #367})
• Smacked by a giant robot and recovers being back to fighting shape on the next page ^{(Adventure Comics #373})
• Endures ever-increasing pain through meditative techniques even though the pain was so bad, it made Timber Wolf go feral within a few minutes ^{(Superboy vol 1 #209})
• Clears his mind of mental influences ^{(Legion of Super-Heroes vol 2 #268})
• Wades though blasts from Pharoxx ^{(Legion of Super-Heroes vol 2 #288})
• While sick, takes a blast from Pulsar ^{(The Brave and the Bold #198})
• Pulsar explodes right next to him and he's all good. ^{(The Brave and the Bold #198})
• Gets clawed by a monster and shrugs it off ^{(Legion of Super-Heroes #309})
• Gets blasted by Pharoxx's magic and recovers, while Pharoxx getting hit with the same blast made him immediately flee ^{(Legion of Super-Heroes #309})
• [Limit] Dies after being beaten nearly to death by Nemesis Kid, then missile launches himself into a planet-draining machine. ^{(Legion of Super-Heroes vol 3 #4})

Skill
Statements and styles

• Great Skill in all forms of martial arts, but especially Karate and Judo ^{(Adventure Comics #346})
• Master of all forms of fighting ^{(Adventure Comics #359})
• Switches from Boxing to Savate to Kendo against a robot ^{(Adventure Comics #363})
• Knocks some guys out with chops to the back of the neck ^{(Adventure Comics #360})
• Mastered every weapon form "from fencing foils to Jovian trident spears" ^{(Adventure Comics #368})
• Temporarily puts Timber Wolf in a Judo hold ^{(Superboy vol 1 #209})
• Falkone IV arm riflie technique ^{(Karate Kid #12})
• Loback III restraining hold for non-powered people to restrain super-powered people ^{(Karate Kid #12})
• Karate, Judo, "Arcturian Sli-tilla", "Venusian Txrxvrx", and boxing ("the good old one-two punch") in one page ^{(Legion of Super-Heroes vol 2 #268})

Against skilled opponents (Solo)

• Beats a boxing champion ^{(Adventure Comics #377})
• Beats the absolute stuffing out of Black Mace ^{(Legion of Super-Heroes vol 3 #31})
  • Black Mace is stated to be Ganglands's answer to Karate Kid ^{(Adventure Comics #374}) and a fast, strong invincible fighter ^{(Superboy #213})
• Beats Black Mask again, with an assist from Princess Projectra ^{(Legion of Super-Heroes vol 3 #31})
• Quickly beats a dual nunchaku wielding black belt ^{(Karate Kid #3})
• Beats the Samurai known as Master Hand ^{(Karate Kid #4})
• Had the advantage on Black Dragon II, the student of his father he previously beat in Superboy vol 1 #210 ^{(Karate Kid #10})
• Karate Kid vs Black Dragon II in a ceremonial fight. ^{(Karate Kid #10})
• Beats Dick Grayson quickly ^{(Karate Kid #14})
• Wins a tournament and the title of Samurai, going down as the youngest to gain the title ^{(Secret Origins vol 2 #47})

Against Skilled opponents (groups)

• Defeats three Black Belts he claims could waste a battalion of ordinary men ^{(Superboy vol 1 #210})
• Beats six opponents trained by his father, Black Dragon, including the future Black Dragon II ^{(Superboy vol 1 #210})
• Beats a bunch of 20th-century martial arts masters ^{(Karate Kid #1})
• Quickly beats four martial artists ^{(Karate Kid #4})

Against superpowered opponents (1v1)

• Fights Superboy and does so well, Clark says he needs to be in the Legion ^{(Adventure Comics #346})
• Training with Superboy ^{(Adventure Comics #368})
• Gets the advantage over Don Allen, descendent of Barry Allen and a speedster ^{(Adventure Comics #373})
• Defeats Ultra Boy ^{(Adventure Comics #375})
• A brainwashed Karate Kid easily beats Ultra Boy ^{(Superboy vol 1 #205})
• Survives a fight with Superboy, though he constantly mentions he's outmatched and it's taking all of his skill to just survive . ^{(Karate Kid #12})
• Temporarily holds Superboy, but admits he needs help immediately and is losing him and is saved by Mordru's magic wearing off ^{(Superboy and the Legion of Super-Heroes #245})

Against Superpowered opponents (groups)

• Solos the Fatal Five ^{(Adventure Comics #378})
• Manages to hold his own against Lightning Lad, Superboy, Colossal Boy, Saturn Girl, Sun Boy, and Chameleon Boy before being stopped by Cosmic Boy ^{(Karate Kid #13})

Against Skilled Superpowered opponents

• Fights four superpowered assassins and is holding his own ^{(Adventure Comics #361})
• Beats Pharoxx of Orando in a sword fight, forcing Pharoxx to resort to magic ^{(Legion of Super-Heroes vol 2 #286})
• Beats Timber Wolf in a spar ^{(Legion of Superheroes vol 4 #52})

Accuracy

• Splits a rock so each half flies off and KOs a foe ^{(Adventure Comics 361})
• Hits a knight with a stone and KO's him ^{(Legion of Super-Heroes vol 2 #288})
• Uses his sash as a lasso to disarm Pulsar of his power staff ^{(The Brave and the Bold #198})

Agility

• Rushes forward and front tuck into a Rider Kick in a fraction of a second ^{(Superboy vol 1 #214})
• Contorts himself in mid-air to stop himself from falling out of a building then Jumps back in ^{(Karate Kid #1})
• Jumps from the street to a sign to a third story roof ^{(Karate Kid #2})
• Does a series of flips to land safely after jumping out of a building while holding someone ^{(Karate Kid #2})
• Jumps out of a window, does a ton of flips, and starts running on cars ^{(Karate Kid #3})
• Flips on a pole ^{(Karate Kid #11})
• Flips over a car ^{(Karate Kid #11})
• Flips out of Batman's grasp ^{(The Brave and the Bold #198})
• Rolls back to get out of a monster's range, then launches himself into a flying kick ^{(Legion of Super-Heroes vol 2 #309})

Weak Point Sensing

• Finds the weak point in a diamond ^{(Adventure Comics# 365})
• Finds the weak point in a wall ^{(Superboy vol 1 #210})
• Finds Omega's weakest point, but is too weak to capitalize on it ^{(Superboy and the Legion of Super-Heroes #251}). This is the first time it's called an explicit "power" and not a skill.
• Finds the weak point in a hatch ^{(Legion of Super-Heroes #277})
• Originally struggled to find a weak point in massive chains encircling Earth, but after getting a hint from Princess Projectra manages to sense and destroy it ^{(Legion of Super-Heroes vol 2 #279})

Retroboot Val

Despite dying.....Val Armorr's back and in the past! ^{(Justice League of America vol 2 #7}) How? Never explained! ^{(Justice League of America #10}) Here's his feats. Note: All feats are done while he's dying (Countdown Weeks 14-15/ 38-37) from what's later revealed to be the Morticoccus Virus

• While disguised as a supervillain, freezes Parasite without Black Lightning realizing Parasite was the target ^{(Justice League of America vol 2 #2})
• KO's Black Lightning with a chop to the neck and stalemates (and arguably has the advantage over) Batman while sick and memoryless ^{(Justice League of America vol 2 #8})
  • Another view of the fight ^{(Countdown Week 2/#50})
  • Doctor Mid-Nite says Karate Kid very nearly took down Batman in that fight ^{(Countdown Week 7/#45})
  • Batman conceeds Val outfought him but claims he wouldn't in a rematch though he may have been being a jerk to get into Val's head ^{(Countdown Week 10/#42})
• Is still conscious and talking despite being loaded up with enough tranquilizers to give Wonder Woman trouble ^{(Justice League of America vol 2 #8})
• Somehow survives Speed Force Lightning that should have insta-killed him ^{(Justice League of America vol 2 #10})
• Finds the weak point in a vault he's sealed in ^{(Countdown Week 13/#39})
• Tears through Oracle's tendrils and punches through a wall ^{(Countdown Week 13/#39})
• Hurts Equus, an enhanced being who bragged he had fought Superman ^{(Countdown Week 16/#36})
• Kicked Equus arm clean off his body ^{(Countdown Week 17/#35})
• Breaks shotguns and kicks a police car over ^{(Supergirl vol 5 #21})
• [Limit] While he can dodge her attacks, can't move Supergirl with his strikes ^{(Supergirl vol 5 #21})
• Chops Equus arm off ^{(Supergirl vol 5 #22})
• [Limit] The closer to death he gets, the less he's able to focus and use Super-Karate feats ^{(Countdown week 32/#20})
• Takes out four Apokoliptians ^{(Countdown Week 41/#11})
• Takes a hit from an OMAC and shows some agility ^{(Countdown Week 42/#10})
• Dies of the virus ^{(Countdown Week 45/#7})
• Time Trapper puts his and Una's bodies in the mainline Earth when they had died in Earth-51 ^{(Action Comics #864})

Misc

• As a Legionnaire, he has a Legion flight ring ^{(Karate Kid #1})
• Invited his 20th-century friend to his wedding, not realizing she was in love with him ^{(The Brave and the Bold #198})
• Man married a princess. Respect. ^{(Legion of Super-Heroes Vol 2 annual 2})
• Brave enough to try to hit Darkseid with a flying kick, though all it accomplishes is knocking himself out. ^{(Legion of Super-Heroes vol 2 #294})
• It's implied he somehow came back/will come back to life again, but this wasn't elaborated on because of the Flashpoint thanks Barry ^{(Legion of Super-Heroes vol 6 #6})
  • Time Trapper also foreshadowed this ^{(Action Comics 864})

I’m currently in the middle of a replay and I think it would be cool to maybe get every blade and do all the blade quests I haven’t done and a list of the blades would help a lot. (Off topic but I pulled KOS-MOS just after arriving to Mor Ardain, just thought I’d flex a little)

I've written this poem in Albanian (I dunno speak Albanian), can u give me some feedback about it, please? Don't go harsh on me,plis, point any gramatical error or whatever you want.
Cili je ti?
​
Kesh shpirti zemra qe deshiron?
Shpirti juaj nuk më ngroh ty sheh.
Meno pak ti para se mem hup,
shpirtin zjarrin pak ti, nuk ma nxeh.
​
Po menon o leht mos zemrën po,
loti te shpirtin e kaltëri edhe ni mal,
kjo zemër e vrave e me to je shku.
Kjo zemër e kaltëri nuk ma fal...
​
Krejt perveç meje...
E di që ki ça dashurinë,
ku ata ka kaltëri se unë?
​
Mos u bo leht meje zemër,
Krejt perveç qoftë meje...
Ku ti ka leht se unë?

Excuse my cigarettes on my desk. No bravesoul, also without Jr. exploit. Fight was tough and I was ready to give up numerous times while she was healing herself. But I pulled it off after over an hour 😂😂😂. I think that's the lowest I fought her. Played on PS2 emulator on PC, without save states.

Boa tarde,
Enviei, há cerca de dez dias, e-mail para o min. da saúde e para o centro de saúde a solicitar eliminação do histórico de saúde, após ter visto aqui, num tópico que discutia uma questão relacionada com saúde, uma mensagem de alguém que o terá feito. Então, o que escrevi foi:
"Ex.mos Senhores
Eu, "NOME", número de utente de saúde "NÚMERO", venho por este meio, ao abrigo do Regulamento Geral de Protecção de Dados (RGPD), solicitar a eliminação, completa e irreversível, de toda a informação relativa aos meus dados do histórico de saúde.
Muito obrigado.
Com os melhores cumprimentos,
NOME"
Hoje recebi resposta (apenas) do centro de saúde:
"Boa tarde, Informamos que os dados e histórico de saúde não podem ser por nós eliminados, Apenas o utente o pode ocultar através da plataforma " Portal do Utente"."
Isto será verdade? Mesmo que seja, não consigo aceder ao dito portal, de nenhuma das três formas possíveis.
Obrigado.
P.s: outra questão: quando vamos fazer análises ao sangue, há um campo de observações em que está escrito "O utente declarou expressamente consentir que os resultados dos exames realizados sejam disponibilizados na sua Área de Cidadão", podendo ser consultados pelos profissionais de saúde do SNS". Ora, eu não consenti absolutamente nada, se quando for fazer as análises pedir que estas sejam enviadas apenas para o meu e-mail e não directamente para o SNS, a empresa que as realiza respeitará o meu pedido? Muito obrigado.