Briggs and stratton 190432 governor setting

Engine surges and sputters only at full throttle after it starts to warms up.

2024.05.15 21:15 dabluebunny Engine surges and sputters only at full throttle after it starts to warms up.

The original carb was shot (owner broke one of the plastic arms for float, and parts were missing). I replaced the carb, and runs, but I feel like it could run smoother.
Engine is a Briggs and Stratton 219907-0131-E1 Cylinder Head
(Snapper 7800104 - 2812523BVE, 28" 12.5 HP Rear Engine Rider)
I've tried both the Briggs and Stratton 590399 and 593432 carbs, and the governor arm dances a bit. Both carbs have no adjustments (that I am aware of besides widening out a jet), and I cannot figure out how to get the hiccups to stop.
For reference the machine came to me with a crank case FULL of gas, and I have;
-Cleaned machine of debris/ grass/ and oil grime
-Drained the oil/ gas, and flushed with new oil
-New oil
-new fuel lines, filter, and added a shut off
-New carb
-New gaskets from carb to engine head
-New air filter
-New plug
My thought is it must be valves, but I've done valves before this I feels like a fuel air thing.
Link to video
What are your guys thoughts?
Thanks in advance! I appreciate any help, or advice!
submitted by dabluebunny to smallengines [link] [comments]


2024.05.15 18:50 como365 Bill to shield pesticide makers from cancer lawsuits faces long odds in Missouri Senate • Missouri Independent

Bill to shield pesticide makers from cancer lawsuits faces long odds in Missouri Senate • Missouri Independent
Time is running out for legislation that would make it harder to sue pesticide manufacturers over claims their products cause cancer, with an unusual coalition of opponents working to ensure they’ve stalled the bill’s progress.
The bill, critics argue, shields large corporations at the expense of everyday Missourians who have developed non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma they attribute to the use of pesticides formulated with glyphosate — most prominently, Roundup.
Supporters, including Roundup’s manufacturer, Bayer, say the lawsuits are unfair because glyphosate has been approved by environmental regulators who have determined it is “unlikely” to cause cancer in humans.
“Going through that litigation process and having this patchwork of labeling requirements has cost this company billions of dollars,” said Catherine Hanaway, an attorney for Bayer and former Missouri House speaker, “even when there’s consistent scientific consensus that glyphosate does not cause cancer.”
The legislation cleared the House and has until 6 p.m. Friday to pass the Senate, which has been marked this year by gridlock and dysfunction and is currently bogged down in a multi-day filibuster.
It pits powerful agriculture and business organizations against trial attorneys that have built an alliance with GOP lawmakers known for bringing the state Senate to a halt: the Missouri Freedom Caucus.
“It’s not a traditional alliance,” said Amy Gunn, president of the Missouri Association of Trial Attorneys, “but I appreciate…that there are people on both sides of the aisle that can recognize the importance of not limiting our rights.”
The legislation, sponsored by Republican state Rep. Dane Diehl of Butler, would protect Roundup manufacturer Bayer from lawsuits by plaintiffs who claim the company failed to warn them that glyphosate might be carcinogenic. Bayer maintains that it’s safe, though it has paid billions to settle Roundup claims or pay out jury judgments.
Specifically, the legislation would dictate that pesticides that are registered with the Environmental Protection Agency and carry an approved label consistent with the EPA’s opinion on whether the ingredients are carcinogenic satisfies its duty to warn customers, insulating Bayer from “failure to warn” cases. Bayer argues
“We believe anything that’s gone through the full regulatory process…and has been deemed safe through multiple studies, multiple endeavors — over time of about 50 years on certain products — that they have fulfilled their duties to warn of the dangers associated with the product,” Diehl said in a Senate committee hearing last month.
‘This bill is about protecting a corporation over the citizens of our state’ Bayer said it has set aside about $16 billion to deal with Roundup lawsuits, including more than $10 billion it has already paid out in settlements. It has lost other cases at trial.
Earlier this year, a jury in Philadelphia awarded a plaintiff $2.25 billion. Last year in Cole County, three plaintiffs were awarded $1.56 billion, though a judge later reduced that to $622 million.
Bayer says the settlements it has paid out don’t represent an admission of wrongdoing. It stands behind the product and says it has won in cases where the court allowed it to present studies that deem glyphosate safe.
But it’s looking at “several options” for the future of Roundup, said Jessica Christiansen, head of sustainability and stewardship for crop science at Bayer.
“We’ve been pretty clear that the cost and the burden of the lawsuits is not sustainable,” she said in an interview with The Independent when asked if Bayer would pull Roundup from shelves.
Missouri farm groups have backed the pesticide labeling legislation, saying farmers need assurance Roundup will be available for the long term.
“We feel strongly that pesticides are an essential crop protection tool that provide many environmental benefits by enabling conservation practices,” Jacob Knaebel, a lobbyist for the Missouri Corn Growers Association, told a Missouri Senate committee last month.
Christiansen, however, said it was “simply not true” that the legislation would provide blanket immunity for Bayer from litigation. She wouldn’t say whether it would shield the company from liability in “failure to warn” cases, but its sponsor and other supporters say that’s the idea.
Bayer says there are other means by which people can sue, including product failures and warranty claims.
“There’s other ways that people can still file lawsuits, and they have the right to do that, but on this particular issue, we support the science and the labeling should be supported by science as well,” she said.
Gunn panned that argument.
“That’s been a talking point for the Bayer people, which sort of begs the question — okay, well then why do you want (the legislation)?” she said. “And the answer is clearly that the vast majority of the successful claims are based on a ‘failure to warn’ cause of action.”
Melissa Vatterott, policy director for the Missouri Coalition for the Environment, said the legislation is “not the right thing for Missouri’s people.”
“The fact that Bayer has lobbied not only legislators in Missouri but in three other states…shows that this bill is about protecting a corporation over the citizens of our state,” she said.
Prospects for passage If the Senate does manage to take up the pesticide labeling bill before Friday’s adjournment, Vatterott said she doesn’t think the bill has enough support to make it to the governor’s desk.
Efforts to make it harder for Missourians to file litigation against businesses have historically had the support of Republicans, who hold super majorities in both the House and Senate. But in more recent years, those bills have run into GOP opposition. This year, that resistance is led by the Freedom Caucus.
The rise of Republican criticism of these bills comes as trial attorneys have shifted their strategy from supporting Democratic candidates with donations to cutting big checks to Republicans aligned with the Freedom Caucus.
The Missouri Chamber of Commerce and Industry says trial attorneys’ donations have helped “slow down the momentum on tort reform.”
“There is no doubt that the plaintiffs’ bar has taken a very, very active interest in lobbying and attempting to fund campaigns and candidates who are anti-tort reform,” said Brendan Cossette, the chamber’s chief of operations.
Between 2005 when Republicans took control of the Missouri General Assembly until 2019, Cossette said, the legislature routinely passed “tort reform” legislation.
Cossette said the chamber still has some hope the pesticide bill might pass.
“There’s always a chance,” he said. “The bill’s never really dead until the end of session…and you never know what dam might break and what bills might start going through.”
Gunn doesn’t see certain conservative lawmakers’ opposition to the pesticide bill as a product of campaign donations.
“If you look back over the last number of years, there has been…an alliance based on a mutual respect for the Seventh Amendment,” Gunn said.
The Seventh Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects the right to a jury trial in civil cases.
Should the legislation pass, Gunn said, people who develop cancer they believe was caused by Roundup will call plaintiff attorneys like her.
“And I’m going to say, ‘You know what? You have no cause of action,’” she said, “‘but here’s who you need to call who voted for it, who voted to take away your Seventh Amendment right to have a cause of action.’”
submitted by como365 to missouri [link] [comments]


2024.05.15 18:13 kucksrickbid Engine surging when hot

Engine surging when hot
I have a 17 163cc Briggs and Stratton lawn mower engine. Always ran great first pull no issues. This year I took it out and wouldn't start up. Took it apart checked everything over, fresh gas, fresh oil and got it running. I've now noticed though that when running it, when the choke thermostat gets up to temperature and the butterfly valve to the carburetor opens up fully, the engine will start surging or hunting. I just have a couple questions. 1) has anyone seen this before and know how to fix it? 2) what harm would be done to the engine besides burning a richer fuel mixture by disconnecting the thermostat from the choke?
Thanks for any knowledge. New to this but figured it's something worth trying to understand!
submitted by kucksrickbid to lawnmowers [link] [comments]


2024.05.15 15:45 itsgreymonster Unfunhouse Mirror 11 (Nature of Predators/The Last Angel)

This is a crossover fanfiction between original fiction titles: Nature of Predators by SpacePaladin15 and The Last Angel by Proximal Flame respectively. All credit and rights reserved goes to them for making such amazing science fiction settings that I wanted to put this together.
You can read The Last Angel here: Be warned, it's decently long, and at its third installment so far. I highly suggest reading it before reading this, or this story will not make sense.
Otherwise, enjoy the story! Thanks again to u/jesterra54 and u/skais01 for beta and checking of work!
First Prev Next (soon)
Memory transcription subject: Governor Tarva of the Venlil Republic
Date [standardized human time]: October 22, 2136
The reveal of the Arxur's assistance of Earth was a unsettling, but mostly overlooked note to add to the headlines filling news sites today on Venlil Prime.
UNKNOWN SHIP DEVASTATES FEDERATION FLEET ABOVE EARTH, HUMANITY LIVES
While the ship wasn't currently unknown to us, given the UN's report, General Kam had advised that it would be better left unspoken of what capabilities we did know, so as to not worry the populace. "Leave causing panic to the humans" he said. But I heard the worries and anxious rumors throughout both social media and verbal conversations...
"That ship destroyed an ENTIRE fleet!?"
"Oh Protector, please tell me its not an Arxur vessel..."
"Why don't we know more?"
I couldn't help but feel for my people. I came to disagree with Kam's advice more and more, as I wished desperately to allay their fears of it being an Arxur superweapon, or that it was going to destroy us soon, or other similar worries.
Are you so sure yourself, Tarva? Even the UN government is scared of it, and it supposedly was made by a future Humanity...
I tried not to focus on that pang of paranoia. I just hoped soon enough the UN would make a statement on the Nemesis already. As I accompanied Noah to the UN's remembrance speech today, I did my best to scan for the feelings worn on peoples faces. The Venlil were unsettled as before, but the human refugees were an odder story altogether.
They were devastated, and scared as well as us Venlil were. But on top of it, I could see a common face worn of confusion. The information disambiguation hadn't made its way to Venlil Prime like it had Earth, and as such they were as much in the dark as the public here was. I could only imagine their uncertainty, knowing their race was likely saved by something they had no idea about.
Noah spoke out of nowhere. "I feel for the refugees here. Forced to an unfamiliar place, so unofficially hostile to them, and now they learn of Nemesis like this? I'd be as confused as them in their place." He checked his suit, attending to shift it so slightly as to make him look better in it. "I also can't imagine your opponents didn't run the whole ball with their existence here, too. Are we taxing you harshly, Tarva?"
I gripped his hand tighter. "No, Noah. While there are those that want you off-planet, I will not let them kick you off. I'll fight for you, no matter the cost."
"Seems like anywhere we go, we cause a fight some way or another. Pops always said space was our ticket to a better future, yet all we seem to cause is trouble for merely existing."
"Noah, its not your people's fault we're afraid of you. The Arxur are to blame for that, and we're at fault for holding it against you. What happened to Earth was not your doing, you tried your best, and it just was not convincing enough for millennia of cultural momentum."
He smiled at that, a muted, but still genuine smile. "Thank you Tarva. I'm glad you see the best in us, even when we don't."
I continued to scan the crowd, looking for the sight of Meier. He always seemed alight in diplomacy whenever he was around, it was a strength of his, outshining the room like that. I could only hope he was doing okay in the current state of Earth. The last time we talked, he seemed very tired, very...frustrated with everything.
But I was glad to see him in some his element soon after, amongst a group of dignitaries from other Federation species. He seemed to be listening to a Mazic diplomat, one I remembered by the name of Cupo. Sadly, however, despite Meier's attempt, it seems the conversation was not on a good track.
"-they're a menace to the rest of the galaxy, and you just let them in, not so soon after this ship blindsided an entire Federation fleet out of nowhere!?"
Meier dejectedly sighed. "Cupo, I thought I already told you, when the Arxur showed up, we had no capability to tell them to take a hike. They were ten-thousand strong and we barely managed several hundred ships left. That they even engaged in dialogue rather than just subjugation was a surprise to me."
"That doesn't make much sense either, Elias Meier. Since when do the Arxur play merciful? You're not telling us something here, and it curls my trunk in knots. How can we trust you when you can't even give us the details on what that ship is, or why the Arxur even showed up in its stead?"
The Mazic was not interested in Meier's friendly act, not giving any room for benefit of the doubt. The other diplomats crowded around began to mumble in agreement, as Meier stood there, formulating some response.
"What we do know about the ship and the Arxur, we'll clear up publically later in this event. But neither were expected by us, you have to believe me. Humanity is just as confused as you all are on the results of that battle, and-"
Cupo interrupted this time, clearly not willing to hear an explanation out. "You're running out of trust, Human. We think you ought to be given a chance; as the empathy studies show, you're not the Arxur. But associating with them as you are, with little transparency is not doing you favors with us, and if you want further association with us, you'd best cut ties with those monsters sooner, rather than later." The Mazic's ears hung in displeasure, and I could sense the nervousness in Meier as he stood down one of the races in the room far bigger than he was. Whether Cupo knew it or not, Meier was intimidated by his presence, and was trying to keep it cool to some degree. "We'll at most help with the Gojid refugees at the moment, as they've suffered both of your kind, but beyond that, consider it on hold until that problem is resolved."
They walked away, and some of the alien crowd amongst them followed. The only ones still sticking around seemed to be a Yotul diplomat, a Nevok, and a Fissan. The latter two stuck obviously to discuss more trade details, seeking to cut the other off from Earth to a degree in hopes of exploiting the system, but the Yotul was a surprise. I didn't even realize they had sent one this way.
Given the relatively new uplift of their world, I didn't imagine the Yotul having much stake or spread throughout the galaxy, so how did humanity...?
Meier turned to him. "Ah...Ambassador Laulo, I'm sorry you had to see that. We're...not doing so hot in the grand scheme of things, and some relations are boiling over as a result."
Laulo enthusiastically shook his head in denial. "No, it's okay! I understand the feeling of that persecution, even if it's for a different reason. Feels like the galaxy kicking you while you're already down."
"I appreciate any help we can get in regards to this. You're one of the very few races left that's pledged some sense of unconditional aid. I promise, with all I have in my power, I'll try and return the favor-Tarva!" Elias noticed my presence at last. "I...uh, how long have you been standing there?..."
"Long enough to hear most of it. I'm sorry the more neutral species aren't helping any, Meier. But that's not why I'm here, specifically. We need to talk about the human refugees."
Meier looked at me funny with that statement, as if he wasn't expecting something out of me. "I see...I hope it's not anything too bad, is it?"
I silently cringed at the exact words. Noah filled in the details in my stead. "Meier, the refugees here are seeing images of Earth, of those not too horribly in shock to do anything, there's been an uptick in suicides...a massive uptick. They aren't aware of the full story, due to the Venlil government's reluctance to publish the report sent here publicly. This remembrance speech better give the people here a semblance of peace, of stability, because there's an extreme lack of morale left in the camps."
Meier grimaced and scanned the crowd, glancing at the humans that were here. I assume he too could see how dejected many were, how many seemed at the end of their rope, coming here for the slightest hint of hope left in their lives at the news. They would need some good news, or there was a chance some wouldn't be here tomorrow.
I felt for them. They didn't deserve this, and our intentional censor of the details, so that Meier could deliver the news likely didn't help with the rates.
"I get that Noah. I really do. What happened at Earth was a tragedy, and the death toll is nearly 800 million. You could likely gather a group of ten or so humans from anywhere, and one of them lost someone close to them. I'll...do my best to raise their spirits, there's plenty to talk about here. The alien diplomats just aren't making this easy..." Meier gestured to the clearly forming bloc of neutral species dignitaries that gathered in the room. They did not seem to want to talk further on any support of Earth until some demands were met, mostly on why things were kept so information-blackout heavy at first. The speech would have to be twofold, at raising human refugees' spirits, and at convincing some of the touchy species to support Earth.
His work was cut out for him.
"Did you wish for any assistance on that front, Meier?" Noah offered. His kindness shone through even in the depths of despair that wore
itself on humanity currently. His soul was purely sweet and kind, regardless of his predator disposition, I so deeply respected that about him.
They began to talk shop, Noah mentioning his current experiences with human refugees upon Venlil Prime, and what topics Meier ought to add on and hit on in his speech. As rushed of advice as it was, Meier seemed determined to fit it in somehow, but I knew he had a silver tongue, his capability to navigate and convince was downright bewildering, present company excepted of course. Nothing would get those species over his diet anytime soon, so I could only hope he could appeal to their empathy as another sentient in this case.
I believed in them. If anyone could turn the state of the galaxy around, it would be these two.
Memory transcription subject: Dorian Abder, Commons Member of Parliament
Date [standardized human time]: October 22, 2136
I sat on my desk, watching out the window of my office at the Westminster Palace, reminiscing on the sad scene outside. Another body under cloth cover, wheeled out on a stretcher from a home surrounded by paramedics. Another swept up in despair, seeing the state of our beautiful planet, of our populace, so brutally scarred, enough to take their own life.
How many was it, so far? Nearly a half-percent suicide rate for every hundred thousand in England? More than eight times the highest resting rate in our entire history. And we were hardly hit in comparison to the rest of the world...how are they doing if it's this bad here?
I leaned back in my chair, back cracking in old age, forcing myself away from the scene outside. I tried to not think about it, just tried to focus again on my work. On the coordination efforts with the UN, the Arxur, and any other races seeking to help. But it was a mountain of work ahead, a peak of papers I could barely see myself climbing in an entire week, let alone the mere day it was handed down here.
We've all lost someone. Not a single soul hasn't been touched by the Federation's bombing.
I thought about how the targeting of cities took. How they focused so heavily on Africa and Asia, the most booming corridors of population on Earth. How they erased 78 cities from existence before their fleet was devastated by The Sword. They weren't aiming to cripple humanity, on industrial depots and power plants, but to exterminate us. They aimed for the most populated cities first, before taking potshots at what remained.
Being put to the death by The Sword serves them right, they deserved judgement by that blade for what they had done.
Or, rather, the Nemesis, as reports had given us. A human ship, but not quite our humanity. A time traveler conveniently sent here by accident, saving us from extinction. An AI piloted ship that sought now to reunite with Earth having defended us. Given what remained of our Guardian Angel, I sought to do everything I could to make their welcome home a celebration, for they defended humanity in our darkest hour.
I recalled my journeys around the globe as a younger man. How my endless wanderlust took me to every corner of the globe in the wake of the Satellite Wars. How the global power vacuum led to so much relief efforts, as the less-touched nations finally had room to breathe, the canopy of carefully controlled superpowers no longer eating up their light needed to grow. How African countries like South Africa and Niger found themselves expanding to match the designation of First World. How beautiful the Seychelles were to see in person.
How my volunteering in the UN's Unfurled Umbrella Initiatives after the Treaty of Shanghai took me to the partially collapsed countries amidst Asia. How Tokyo, despite its immense infrastructure failure, dragged itself back to a powerhouse of a city, as Japan built for itself after so long. How China's government reformed into a Republic after the post-war coups, and how Taiwan finally opened its heart more to them for it. How Beijing found itself all the stronger for adversity.
How the South and Central Americas found themselves no longer under the impressive hand of the United States' geopolitical influence. How the first Diaspora vessels took off from Argentina, seeking to establish a government sentenced only to the annals of history on Earth upon the distant surfaces of Mars. How they were so determined to prove the world wrong on its presuppositions of how a place should be ruled, free of the influence of bullying countries. And how their dream led to the now Martian Collective.
I thought of all the other places the UN took me. Of Cairo, and its deep connection to our most prominent civilization of the ancient past. Of Istanbul, to see the beauty of mixing Christian and Islamic influence over centuries of swapping hands. Of the stunning ports of Singapore, an industrial powerhouse of a nation, so tightly packed into one single city. Of the stunning silver forest of skyscrapers that was New York City, still kicking even after the devastation of the Satellite Wars. Mumbai, Baghdad, Lagos, Mogadishu, Guadalajara, Rio De Janeiro, Berlin. How I drank in all the beauty and magnificent history and culture of the world, and was all the fuller a person for it. These and so many more.
I thought of the honey farmer I met by the Saigon River; how Châu Được's family had kept the traditional job going for so long, and divinely sweet their harvest was they shared with me. I thought of Dari Qazi, how the humble Afghani-borne man had found himself at the forefront of a secular revolution in Pakistan, reaching unrivaled progress not seen since the 1980's. I remembered the ambitious young woman in Monterrey, Mexico, who talked to me of her dreams to build spaceships for the Diaspora program, how she wished dearly she could leave a mark on history, and how now her name was on the finest rockets of the age.
All gone. Dust on the wind. Atomized debris now. Their homes, their families, their history gone, according to reports of which cities have evaporated to bedrock.
Thousands of years of history, erased in moments by antimatter over Rome. Los Angeles was reduced to the basin it was built on those long years ago in America. Cape Town's hard fought for progress from humble beginnings to the most populous and prosperous city in all of Africa, wiped from the record in an instant. Seven-hundred and eighty million dead in the span of an hour.
All those years spent, traveling around the world, drinking in the sights, to know they will never return. To know they are gone and buried, snuffed out by a bloody cruel universe, filled with utterly contemptible aliens. A deep voice spoke inside me on a loop, constantly asking an enraging question.
"Did it all mean nothing to you, Dorian?"
There was only one answer I considered giving to that accusation. To the monsters that took so many lives and homes from humanity, merely for having the gall to eat differently. What answered back blistered with hatred, yet kept frigidly focused.
"It meant everything to me."
Something clicked inside; the Federation wouldn't get away with this. We deserved justice. I rustled through my desk drawers, looking for old contacts from my political days. The stacks of papers on my desk could wait, this was more important. I needed to make some calls. Humanity deserved better, and I knew just how we could get it. But it would require a far more coordinated effort than just me. No, it needed a movement.
The galaxy will hear us. One way or another, we deserve justice. And we have just the circumstances to deliver it...
Memory transcription subject: Governor Tarva of the Venlil Republic
Date [standardized human time]: October 22, 2136
"-the sting of these days will someday pass. Maybe not in the near future, maybe not even in our lifetime, but we will one day no longer feel his pain, this suffering. Until that day comes, we will not go gently into that dark night, we will live on, mourn our dead, defend those still living, and make humanity known to the galaxy that it will not roll over when faced with such hostility. To those who support us even now, I thank you deeply to the core, and ask for a moment of silence to those lost both above and on Earth...to those who would stand with the Federation, who did so cruelly act upon us, we urge you to reconsider, and turn away, for we bring not a olive branch, but a sword. Those species governments that did this will not get away with this, and those who stood aside and watched...either choose a side, or be labeled on one for your inaction. Thank you."
Meier finished his speech with that, and some applause was heard from human refugees amidst the crowd, but a majority remained mostly quiet, in remembrance of the lives lost. A good majority of the dignitaries from the Federation neutral races had already left by this point, so the pointed message at the end likely missed them personally, even if they listen in later. It was a good speech, but it felt...infused with something that was clearly not Meier's normal calm. It was like seeing a side I had never seen with him before, not rant-angry, but mad nevertheless, hidden behind a veneer of diplomatic politeness.
Noah put it in terms I thought best as Meier walked off stage. "You're a bit more of a firebrand than I thought Meier, but nevertheless a good speech! I'm glad you tied in what advice I could give for the refugees here so smoothly."
Meier smiled at that, a cathartic smile that spoke of being proud of what he delivered just a moment ago. I could only imagine he was aching with tension over the pain of so much loss of life, it was only fair that he be angry at the galaxy at large for it, and make it heard.
"Thank you, Noah. I sincerely mean every word of it. The Federation must not escape scot-free for what they have done, and already now at home we're preparing to bring the fight back to them." He looked at me. "We'll...obviously not go as far as the Federation did, but I speak for everyone in that humanity is not happy, and it shows. Even the refugees that came here looking a mere instant from giving up seem a bit resolved now to that goal. I just wish more were on our side to start...I never wanted war, but the galaxy's forcing it."
"I'm so sorry, Meier. My deepest sympathies for how the galaxy has treated you and yours. Despite the hiccups recently, I guarantee we'll still remain close allies; humanity deserves nothing less."
The remainder of the species in the remembrance assembly started to funnel out; it was mostly just humans and Venlil at this point, but a few stuck around. The Yotul ambassador, Laulo, was an obvious one amongst the stragglers, clearly meaning to talk with Meier and us further. As the room became more and more empty he walked over to us once again.
"Meier! Your speech was wonderful, full of spice and vigor, yet calming all the same. It was like a call to arms while smoking spiritwood. The Federation stragglers hopefully will reconsider!"
I felt a little weirded out by his choice of focus in the speech on The Federation, rather than humanity, but I responded in Meier's stead positively: "Yes, Meier's an expert in political and social matters. Anyways, what did you want? You seem to be just hanging around, waiting for a moment here."
"Ah...yes, about that..." Ambassador Laulo nervously tugged at his uniform. "I was sent here initially just in good faith for humanity, as we knew what it must've felt like for the Federation to bully you so immensely. But this second visit, to the gala itself...we actually want to propose something to Humanity and the Venlil, but I wanted to wait for Federation sympathizing eyes and ears to be far away from here first."
He looked somewhat desperate, but resolved. "We're planning on breaking off from the Federation. Their influence on our planet is awful, given what they've done to us during the uplift. They seek to repress our culture, they constantly call us backward, and primitive, hardly capable of thinking for our own in this galaxy. We're tired of it, but we still are partially relying on their technological development to get to this point, and we don't have a proper fleet made. Your space is closest to ours, and we hoped-"
Meier finished "-that'd we begin our war fronting towards Leirn first? Free your people from the Federation? I'll gladly bring it up with our military advisors. You helped us, we help you back."
Laulo sighed in relief at that, a huge weight taken off their shoulders. "T-thank you. Thank you so much for this. Leirn has sought to be free of their grasp ever since we learned their intentions were not pure. You've been the first species to actually care to some degree, and were our only hope out of this mess."
"Don't thank us just yet. If you'd like to get in contact with our military, I can set you up with some Generals and your government as a liason for the war. You can coordinate anything on your side of the bargain to us through them, and make this smoother." Meier handed him a card, and waved over a human attendant of his to Laulo. She talked with him as the two walked away, and Meier remained.
Noah turned to me, a warm hand scruffing my fur. "I know the state of things doesn't look too great, love, but it could be so much worse. We'll make due with what we can get, and hopefully the galaxy will be a better place for it. Don't worry, all will be well someday."
I believed him. Who wouldn't believe in humanity?
First Prev Next (soon)
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2024.05.15 12:23 rusticgorilla Republicans reject abortion exceptions for child rape victims, create abortion registries, and ban possession of abortion medication

If you are in the position to support my work, I have a patreon, venmo, and a paypal set up. Just three dollars a month makes a huge difference! No pressure though, I will keep posting these pieces publicly no matter what - paywalls suck.
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Kansas

Despite voters overwhelmingly rejecting a constitutional amendment that would have allowed abortion restrictions in the state, Kansas Republicans passed several anti-abortion bills into law late last month, overriding the governor’s veto.
The first bill, HB 2436, makes it a crime to “coerce” someone into having an abortion. Democrats attempted to widen the scope of the bill to include all kinds of reproductive coercion, like pressuring someone to become or stay pregnant and prohibiting their access to birth control, and enshrine a right to “reproductive autonomy.” Republicans voted down the amendment.
The second bill, HB 2749, requires medical facilities and providers to (1) ask patients their reason for having an abortion and (2) report the data, including personal information about the patient, to the legislature every other year. Gov. Laura Kelly (D) agreed with the objections of Democrats and reproductive rights advocates, saying when she vetoed the bill that there is “no valid reason to force a woman to disclose to the legislature why she is seeking an abortion.”
  • Democrats offered numerous amendments to HB 2749, including one to require men to report to the legislature their reasons for having a vasectomy and another requiring men to report why they are seeking treatment for erectile dysfunction. Republicans rejected all of them.
Finally, the Republican legislature overrode Kelly’s line-item veto allocating $2 million to the Pregnancy Compassion Awareness Program, created last year with a different veto override. The program is run by an anti-abortion group called the Kansas Pregnancy Care Network, which refers pregnant people to crisis pregnancy centers designed to use misleading information to discourage them from obtaining an abortion.

Louisiana

Louisiana’s legislature is doubling down on its anti-abortion laws, passing bills to increase criminalization and refusing to add exemptions to its abortion ban.
Earlier this month, the Louisiana House took up a bill passed by the Senate that would make it a crime, punishable by jail time, to possess abortion-inducing medication. SB 276, sponsored by 23 Republicans and one Democrat, was initially written to create a punishment for coercing someone into an abortion without their knowledge or consent (e.g. spiking a drink). However, House legislators recently added an amendment to the bill that classifies mifepristone and misoprostol as Schedule IV substances alongside some opioids and benzodiazepines. A pregnant person possessing the drugs for their own use could not be charged, but others who intend to distribute them to pregnant people seeking an abortion or store them for their own potential future use would face up to ten years in prison.
“Neither is a drug of abuse or dependence, and that is what the controlled drug schedule is for,” said [emergency room Dr. Jennifer] Avegno of the abortion drugs. “It makes no scientific or medical sense to put these drugs in the same category as Xanax or Valium.”
Mifepristone is a drug that blocks a hormone called progesterone, which is necessary for a pregnancy to continue. Misoprostol causes uterine contractions, causing the body to expel the pregnancy tissue. Mifepristone is also used to treat Cushing’s disease, a hormonal disorder. Misoprostol is also used to induce labor, manage a miscarriage and in the treatment of ulcers. Neither are addictive. “People do not go around taking them and getting dependent and having bad outcomes because of it,” said Avegno. “It’s like saying your blood pressure medicine or insulin is a drug of abuse.”
A week later, Republicans on the House Criminal Justice Committee voted 7-4 to reject a bill to add rape and incest exceptions to the state’s total abortion ban. House Bill 164, written by Democratic Rep. Delisha Boyd, would have allowed girls younger than 17 to have abortions if they became pregnant as the result of sexual assault.
“That baby [in the womb] is innocent … We have to hang on to that,” said committee member Rep. Dodie Horton, R-Haughton, who voted against the bill. Rep. Lauren Ventrella, R-Greenwell Spring, also voted against the legislation, saying the proposed law would be difficult to enforce. Teenagers who had consensual sex might feign rape or incest in order to get access to abortion services, she suggested…
Dr. Neelima Sukhavasi, a Baton Rouge doctor specializing in obstetrics and gynecology, also implored the lawmakers to approve Boyd’s proposal. She and her colleagues have delivered babies for pregnant teenagers, including mothers as young as 13, since Louisiana’s abortion ban went into effect two years ago. These young pregnant people can experience health complications that affect them for the rest of their lives, Sukhavasi said, and sometimes don’t have the mental capacity to handle the births. “One of these teenagers delivered a baby while clutching a teddy bear,” she told the committee.
The Committee also killed three other bills: HB 56, to allow abortions in cases of spontaneous miscarriage or nonviable pregnancy; HB 63, to clarify that the removal of an ectopic pregnancy is not an abortion under state law; HB 293, to add protection for physicians who do not intend to induce abortion by prescribing certain medications.

Texas

Meanwhile, in Texas—a state that pioneered the war on women and reproductive rights—a man initiated legal action to sue people who helped his former partner obtain an out-of-state abortion.
The man, Collin Davis, filed a petition in a state district court seeking permission to launch legal depositions to collect evidence for a potential lawsuit under a Texas law that contains civil liability for anyone who “aids and abets” an abortion. According to his lawyer, Jonathan Mitchell (who crafted the anti-abortion law), Davis is seeking to sue “co-conspirators and accomplices…involved in the murder of [his] unborn child.”
“Fathers of aborted fetuses can sue for wrongful death in states with abortion bans, even if the abortion occurs out-of-state,” he wrote. “They can sue anyone who paid for the abortion, anyone who aided or abetted the travel, and anyone involved in the manufacture or distribution of abortion drugs.”
Molly Duane, a senior staff attorney with the Center for Reproductive Rights, described Mitchell’s statement and general approach as misleading “fearmongering.”
“People need to understand that it is not a crime to leave Texas or any other state in the country for an abortion,” said Duane, who is working with lawyers from the firm Arnold & Porter to represent the woman and others targeted in the Davis case. “I don’t want people to be intimidated, but they should be outraged and alarmed.” Duane described the woman’s relationship with Davis as “toxic and harmful.”
Mitchell also represents a different man who pursued a similar claim last year: Marcus Silva engaged Mitchell to sue the friends of his estranged wife for allegedly helping her obtain abortion pills. Evidence later revealed that Silva knew about the plans beforehand and did not intervene, likely intending to use the threat of legal action as a way of forcing his partner to halt divorce proceedings.
Monday’s counterclaim illustrates, in painstaking detail, exactly how Silva—aided by Mitchell—allegedly deployed this tactic. It was only after Brittni’s abortion was complete that Silva revealed he knew about the plan and, according to the lawsuit, threatened to turn her in if she didn’t submit to his continued abuse. He even showed the police photographs of messages discussing the possibility of an abortion. “Once I finally got home with the girls he had been drinking and he told me that he knew,” Brittni texted one friend. “He’s using it against me.” In another message, she wrote, “Now he’s saying if I don’t give him my ‘mind body and soul’ until the end of the divorce, which he’s going to drag out, he’s going to make sure I go to jail for doing it.” […]
The counterclaim points out another flaw in his argument: Silva himself “is responsible for the alleged injury for which he seeks to recover.” He “knew that Brittni planned to terminate her alleged pregnancy and acquiesced in accepting Brittni’s actions,” so “it would be unconscionable to permit him to benefit by changing his position now.” His claims, in short, are barred “by unclean hands,” because he effectively entrapped his estranged wife—covertly discovering her plan to terminate the pregnancy, then allowing her to go through with it for the express purpose of blackmailing her into staying with him.

Indiana

A three-judge panel of the Indiana Court of Appeals last month unanimously recognized a religious freedom challenge to the state’s complete ban on abortion.
The case, brought by Hoosier Jews for Choice and four anonymous women of various faiths, alleges that the ban interferes with “their sincere religious beliefs that require and direct them to obtain abortions” criminalized since the law took effect in 2023. According to Jewish law, a fetus does not have personhood until birth, and abortion is required if the pregnancy endangers the life or health of the mother.
Brief of Hoosier Jews for Choice (and other plaintiffs): As indicated by the declarations of numerous rabbis, Judaism teaches that a fetus becomes a living person only at birth, and prior to that is considered part of the woman’s body, without independent rights. Abortion should occur and is mandated to end a pregnancy that may cause serious consequences to a woman’s mental or physical heath. Judaism also recognizes that physical health risks are not limited to those likely to cause substantial and irreversible impairment of a major bodily function. Judaism stresses the necessity of protecting the physical and mental health of the woman—a life—over the potential for life present in a zygote, embryo, or fetus. Therefore, restrictions that prevent a woman from obtaining an abortion where compelled by Jewish law, which mandates that the woman act to protect her physical or mental health, impose a substantial burden on that person’s religious exercise.
Under Indiana’s Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), “a governmental entity may not substantially burden a personʹs exercise of religion,” defined to include “any exercise of religion, whether or not compelled by, or central to, a system of religious belief.” This means that arguments about whether plaintiffs are strictly observant are irrelevant; the law protects sincerely held religious views regardless of whether that view is idiosyncratic or unorthodox. However, even a law that imposes a substantial burden on the exercise of religion can be enforced if it is “the least restrictive means of furthering [a] compelling governmental interest” (the strict scrutiny test).
The state argued that abortion does not carry “religious significance” and, even if it did, the abortion ban satisfies strict scrutiny because it is “sufficiently narrowly tailored” to “further the State’s interest” in “protecting human lives in the womb.” Throughout Indiana’s brief, the state attempts to use science to back up fetal personhood, extending developmental physiology to make unfounded claims that protected life unquestionably begins at conception:
In lower courts, the State’s compelling interest is not up for debate. In Cheaney v. State, the Indiana Supreme Court held that the State’s interest in protecting unborn children is “valid and compelling” from “the moment of conception.” …A basic understanding of biology supports these holdings. “That human fetuses are human beings is a scientific fact, not a theological claim.” Regardless whether an individual person believes this, “the scientific consensus” is that “[d]evelopment begins at fertilization,” after which the newly created “unicellular zygote divides many times and becomes progressively transformed into a multicellular human being through cell division, migration, growth, and differentiation.” …. Science thus tells us that “[t]he act of performing an induced abortion during any stage of pregnancy, from fertilization up to birth, ends the life of an innocent human being.” The State’s interest in protecting unborn fetal life at any stage from intentional destruction accordingly is nothing less than “compelling.”
A panel of the Indiana Court of Appeals—made up of a Republican appointee and two Democratic appointees—unanimously ruled against the state, upholding a lower court’s injunction against the abortion ban as it applies to the plaintiffs. In the process, the court laid out a path for religious freedom challenges to abortion bans in other states and at the federal level.
The trial court found that absent a preliminary injunction, Plaintiffs would be irreparably harmed by the loss of their religious freedoms guaranteed by RFRA. A loss of First Amendment freedoms, which include the right to free exercise of religion, “for even minimal periods of time, unquestionably constitutes irreparable injury.”... Without a preliminary injunction, Plaintiffs will suffer the loss of their right to exercise their sincere religious beliefs by obtaining an abortion when directed by their religion and prohibited by the Abortion Law. They also have shown their sexual and reproductive lives will continue to be restricted absent the injunction and as a result of the Abortion Law.
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2024.05.15 10:22 Singed-Chan Ladies and Gentlemen: Fleeting Nobility Chipset Rush

First up your ethics don't matter but I'm partial to fanatic authoritarian personally, second ethic REALLY doesn't matter but xenophile, militarist, xenophobe and pacifist are all hot contenders.
Second of all you're gonna wanna be Overtuned. Start with Thrifty + the new Commercial Genius overtuned trait. You're gonna wanna stay quite small early and if you can spawn in a secluded cluster with one chokepoint, GOOD, because the early game is all about staying small and quiet and minding your own business.
Now I know what you're thinking, Merchant Guilds, right? No, you're gonna need a lot of stability for what comes next, and you're gonna be swimming in nobles before you know it - It's thematic with the ascension you're going to go for, so for stylepoints, influencing draw weights and stability, go Aristocratic Elite and whatever second civic you like - I go Oppressive Autocracy because I'm a fucking gremlin.
Early game, unity rush, homeworld is half labs, half administrative offices, grab a trade world and a factory world. Civilian Economy, obviously, and buy your minerals and rely on space mining/arc furnaces as best you can. Go Marketplace of Ideas instead of the usual Consumer Benefits, so you can grab cybernetic as fast as humanly possible and immediately grind it out and rush Imperial Chipset advanced authority at the end. Once you've got cybernetic all done you can switch to consumer benefits and reform that factory world into a sorely needed forge world.
Now immediately engineer your species to be as short-lived as possible. Grab all three -30 year lifespan traits and focus on border defense as you cook. Set the game to very fast and remain inwardly focused while you blitz through as many governor rulers as possible - Aristocratic Elite and Imperial government will give you a high weight for your heirs to be governors, which is what you want, but even if you roll 'bad' and get a scientist or commander, the permanent buffs from them are still great and you'll wanna catch 'em all eventually. You can't lose!
Grab as many mechanical pop trait points as you can and just keep diminishing the life expectancy of your squabbling noble houses so they don't even have time to plot against eachother, they barely have time to make a decree before they're toast.
Rush orbital rings and get a noble estate on every ring and before you know it you'll have 6-8 nobles on your worlds + 2 politicians + whatever other ruler adding buildings you might have provide.
Once you've sufficiently stacked your chipset, engineer your burned out species into something actually effective and start buying those lifespan techs that you're probably sorely behind on.
Congrats, you're now free to reform your civics into whatever you want, pick great traits and reformat your empire into something sensible, but with +25% resources from all jobs, +25% research speed and +25% damage on ships.
Can it be abused better? More minmaxy? Sure. Cook up a more minmaxed rush variant of this, I'll be over here in my tophat and monocle laughing all the way to the bank, only to die in transit.
This post brought to you by the Stellaris Nobility.
submitted by Singed-Chan to Stellaris [link] [comments]


2024.05.15 09:14 kaleviko [All] When you read these stars

In Missing Pieces, Agent Phillip Jeffries checked in to a Buenos Aires Hotel named Palm De Luxe.
Another kind of "de luxe" is a Rolex wristwatch that according to the company itself is une montre de luxe. Another kind of palm is a date, as in a date palm. These seemingly unrelated kinds would then come back together because a Rolex watch has a date on its clock face, like seen when Andy glanced his in P5.
Stars turn, and the time presents itself.
Andy's Rolex was also linked to another luxury item, Mr C's 2015 Mercedes-Benz S 550 Coupé the three-pointed star of which matched the position of the hands of Andy's watch, giving us the likely answer to the Log Lady's P2 riddle about "stars turning" and the time presenting itself. There may have been all sorts of transformations here so that also another Mercedes, the 2001 Mercedes-Benz C-Klasse driven by the Polish Accountant, was this same item. As the story moved forward, it seems to have been in constant flux so that select characters and their surroundings kept wildly changing from one scene to another.
We got another riddle about stars in P13 when Hawk revealed his ancient map to Sheriff Truman. Earlier in P9, the deputies had found some information with two dates on a piece of paper inside a metal tube left behind by Major Briggs.
Hawk: "The Major also gave us a date, day after tomorrow. If you read these stars --"
Hawk waved his hand over the rudimentary starry sky of his map.
Hawk: "-- you find that same date --"
The date that Major gave them was a shooting star.
He pointed multiple times at a specific location on the map. We didn't see what it was exactly but since he had already pointed at the Major's old station on the Blue Pine Mountain, "that same date" was somewhere up and right from the mountain.
Among the stars on the map's sky, there was one different, a shooting star on the area that Hawk appeared to point at. But how could a date and a shooting star link to each other?
This takes us to Agent Tammy Preston whose real name was given in the credits as Tamara,. Coincidentally, the name "Tamara" means a date palm. She was also a star of different kind, like Albert recalled in P12.
Albert: "Agent Preston, you've been on our radar since you made the honors list at George Washington High, not to mention the dean's list at MIT and top of your class at Quantico."
Pay attention to the shooting star.
Later in P16, after telling her story, the manufactured Diane got agitated and draw her pistol. Whatever she planned to do, Albert and Tammy were faster and shot her. At 41:24, there was a strange glitch. Briefly, only Albert was behind the desk, drawing his weapon, whereas Tammy had disappeared. But after a quick cut to Diane getting hit, Tammy was back, shooting Diane as well.
As usual, the glitch right that moment probably urged us to pay attention to Tammy. On computer screens behind her, there were two FBI emblems. The emblem is decorated with 13 stars, making her surrounded by stars. She was shooting, and there was fire coming from her pistol.
Perhaps Tammy was the "date" that was also the "shooting star" in the starry sky on Hawk's map.
So, on one hand, we got a star linked to Rolex and Mercedes-Benz and on the other, a star linked to Tammy. Would these two star riddles perhaps meet each other so that ultimately they were about the same thing?
In P2, Mr C's Mercedes went to a storage and he got a Lincoln Town Car. Jack appeared to have got himself into some trouble with him. A bit later, Mr C told what happened.
Mr C: "I killed Jack two hours ago after he wired the car."
It wasn't clear if he meant the Mercedes-Benz or the Lincoln. Another strange exchange around wiring was later in P4 when the FBI team was wrapping up at Yankton airport.
Cole: "You're wearing a wire, Tammy." Tammy: "You asked me to!" Cole: "Right. Go wait in the restaurant."
The star turned, and an hourglass presented itself.
Frustrated, Tammy turned around and went in. The two men kept staring at her curvy walking. Perhaps the idea here was that as this star turned, an hourglass figure presented itself, the time of different kind.
That this was the association we needed to make was hinted by framing Tammy in the middle of a wider shot that had the fence reflected on the windows. Later in P12, when we got to Audrey and Charlie for the first time and camera panned slowly across the room, it stopped so that on the right, there was another kind of fence visible through a window while on the left, there was an actual hourglass on Charlie's desk.
Judy has a turning figure 8.
Another name for the hourglass body shape is "figure 8". In P17, the teapot version of Jeffries kept thinking about Judy when Cooper and Gerard paid him a visit, even if nobody was asking him about it.
Jeffries: "This ... is where you'll find Judy. There may be someone -- Did you ask me this?"
In the steam, the "two birds with one stone" symbol of the green ring appeared and quickly transformed into number 8. A dot appeared on it. The number turned around, just like Tammy turned her figure 8.
To Tammy and the blue rows.
The last we saw of Mr C's Mercedes-Benz was in P2 when it disappeared behind a coiling door that looked like a set of blue rows. Later in P12, Tammy agreed to join the FBI's Blue Rose task force, and they all cheered for her.
Cole: "To Tammy and the Blue Rose!"
You got a date with a Bell who might show up as a luxury timepiece.
In Missing Pieces, when Jeffries arrived to Hotel Palm De Luxe, he got a note from "Miss Judy". The receptionist held it for a while so that it was framed between a heavily decorated clock face and a bell. Perhaps this was the shot that gave Lynch the idea to cast Chrysta Bell in the role of a the character who would also appear as a luxury watch.
The male characters driving or having a Mercedes-Benz - the Mr C in the opening episode, garageman Jack in P2 and the Polish Accountant in P16 - or wearing a Rolex - Red in P6 and the Andy on the logging road in P7 - seem to all have been various incarnations of Phillip Jeffries, changing from one appearance to another. He was, after all, a former FBI Agent. At the same time, these cars and watches seem to have been abstractions for the same character who appeared as Tammy. Assuming she indeed was Judy, the two of them seem to have hit it off and gone together to their own worlds.
The Major also gave us a date. This would now take us to Cole's story he told to Albert and Tammy in P17.
Cole: "For 25 years, I've kept something from you, Albert. Before he disappeared, Major Briggs shared with me and Cooper his discovery of an entity, an extreme negative force called in olden times 'Jowday.' Over time, it's become 'Judy.' Major Briggs, Cooper, and I put together a plan that could lead us to Judy."
The little story was prefaced with inconsistent acting and repeated footage, as seems usual to help us connect the dots. At 2:21, there was a shot of Tammy and Albert. Then back to Cole who quietly stared at Albert and then looked at something in front of Tammy. Cut back to the other two, Tammy's wine glass had jumped to another location, and now she held her right arm with her left. There was a cut back to Cole, repeating the exact same footage we just saw, with him again looking at something in front of Tammy.
The glitching may have suggested that the topic of Cole's story was right there, listening how the boys had a plan to get to her. Apparently, the Major had had a role to play why and how she was there - it was him who had discovered Judy and given the "date", apparently then Tamara Preston. Coincidentally, later in the episode, she was in the Twin Peaks Sheriff's station 10/2 at 2:53pm.
But there were two dates on the Major's slip of paper, implying that things weren't quite as straightforward.
submitted by kaleviko to twinpeaks [link] [comments]


2024.05.15 08:13 Equal_Beat_6202 Governor of California went on record and stated that the British media smearing Harry & Meghan re Archewell Foundation was incorrect and misleading.

Governor Newsom in fact praised the work of the foundation and set the record straight. He pointed out that out the bias with British media also. I think this is important to post in this sub-Reddit where I saw some posts running with the British articles slamming the foundation.
submitted by Equal_Beat_6202 to RoyalsGossip [link] [comments]


2024.05.15 08:05 spunchy M&B 2024 Warsaw 2: History of Money and Finance

M&B 2024 Warsaw 2: History of Money and Finance
For our schedule and links to other discussions, see the Money and Banking 2024 master post.
This is the discussion thread for Economics of Money and Banking Warsaw Lecture 2: History of Money and Finance?
This lecture provides historical context for how people have thought about money and banking over time, and, in particular, how the Money View approach evolved. This material is largely absent from the original 2012 lectures, but the historical context can give us an intellectual starting point to build on.
NOTE 1: As with Warsaw Lecture 1, the audio in this lecture only plays over the left channel. I recommend downmixing to mono in your computer's audio settings, so it doesn't distract you.
NOTE 2: The recording doesn't start until a few minutes in, toward the end of Slide 2.
The slides are not always visible in the recording. I've included their content below.

Slide 2: Two traditions (0:00 – 0:18)

“There were, at the least, two strands in classical economics. There was one (represented, roughly speaking, by Ricardo and his followers) which maintained that all would be well if by some device credit money could be made to behave like metallic money; there was another (represented, so far as I have taken the story, by Thornton and Mill) which held that credit money must be managed, even though (as was admitted) it is difficult to manage it. This is a major difference, and it has outlasted Keynes.” Hicks 1967, “Monetary Theory and History”

Slide 3: Drivers (0:18 – 5:18)

  • World Wars, World Depression, Rise of Welfare State, Stabilization Policy
  • Rise of the United States (1913 Fed, 1944 Bretton Woods), from sterling to dollar reserve
  • Professionalization of Economics, Formal Turn in Economics, Econometric Movement
  • De-colonization, Independence, Financial Crisis
  • Emerging Markets, Financial Globalization, Global Financial Crisis

Slide 4: The Money View (5:18 – 6:41)

  • Banking as a Payments System
    • Copeland (1952): A Moneyflow Economy
    • Minsky (1957): The Survival Constraint
  • Banking as a Market Making System
    • Hawtrey (1919): Hierarchy of Money and Credit
    • Hicks (1989): Centrality of the Dealer Function
    • Bagehot (1873): Dealer of Last Resort

Slide 5: The Economics/Finance View (6:41 – 8:12)

  • MV=PT, money as means of exchange
  • IS-LM (nominal interest rate), money as store of value
  • Purchasing Power Parity, P=sP* (FX), money as measure of value
  • DSGE with Taylor Rule (inflation targeting)

Slide 6: Finance and Macroeconomics (8:12 – 10:36)

https://preview.redd.it/t4z4qlr26j0d1.png?width=600&format=png&auto=webp&s=b14d3883e9c8f957f3b27aa588e68358cbf568e1
Finance: “consumption CAPM” Economics: “Real Business Cycles”

Slide 7: Fatal Abstractions (10:36 – 13:06)

  • No “Banking as a Payment System”
    • No Money Flow, NIPA
    • No Survival Constraint, Budget Constraint
  • No “Banking as a Market-Making System”
    • No Hierarchy, Money as n+1th market
    • No Dealers, Price equilibrates, supply and demand
    • No Dealer of Last Resort, Central Bank operates on inflation expectations

Slide 8: Monetary Thought, 1913 (13:06 – 18:15)

https://preview.redd.it/7vznevo56j0d1.png?width=800&format=png&auto=webp&s=219585488495b9f82c93add7418e07dc7cd7f253

Slide 9: Political Thought, 1913 (18:15 – 21:53)

  • Three Bogeymen
    • Big Finance Memory of 1907 Crisis (JP Morgan)
      • And 1910 (Jekyll Island)
    • Big Government Memory of 1862 (Greenbacks)
    • Big Wide World Actuality of Sterling System
  • Political Solution
    • Real Bills Language (vs. Finance and Government)
    • Gold Convertibility (vs. Wide World)
    • Board of Governors, democratic oversight
  • Funding Liquidity vs. Market Liquidity

Slide 10: Language vs. Reality (21:53 – 26:21)

  • Funding liquidity versus market liquidity
    • Real bills doctrine, self-liquidating bills
    • Shiftability doctrine, Moulton 1918
      • Primitive repo, Primitive shadow banking!
  • Wartime transformation
    • Centrality of government debt (Bogey #2)
    • Centrality of government debt dealers (Bogey #1)
  • Tenth Annual Report (1923)
    • Invention of open market operations

Slide 11: Great Depression Transformation (26:21 – 28:21)

  • Federal Reserve failure
    • 1931 lender of last resort but not dealer of last resort (funding liquidity, not market liquidity)
  • Federal Reserve transformation
    • Banking Act of 1935, “apotheosis of shiftability”
    • Banking Act of 1937, “orderly conditions” tantamount to dealer of last resort, essential hybridity

Slide 12: Emerging Norms of Management (28:21 – 33:53)

  • Keynes 1930 Treatise, normal backwardation
    • Keynes 1936 GT, liquidity preference
    • Hicks 1939, V&C, forward rate bias
  • Wartime hiatus, and more transformation
    • From war finance to Bretton Woods 1944 (Bogey #3)
    • From war finance to Fed-Treasury Accord 1951
  • FOMC “Report of the Ad Hoc Subcommittee on the Government Securities Market” (1952)
    • Level of interest rates
    • “Tone” of the money market, centrality of private dealers

Slide 13: Capital Finance, indirect (33:53 – 36:04)

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Slide 14: International Dollar, indirect (36:04 – 37:16)

https://preview.redd.it/0q2v81496j0d1.png?width=900&format=png&auto=webp&s=b241df9de8df583d9adbfccd5c493b00dd6ae983

Slide 15: Origins of Macroeconomics? (37:16 – 38:28)

  • Alvin Hansen
    • Continental Business Cycles (Schumpeter) + American Institutionalism (Burns/Mitchell)
  • John Maynard Keynes
    • English Banking Traditions (Tooke, Bagehot, Marshall, Hawtrey)
  • James Tobin: neoclassical synthesis
    • Irving Fisher (Walrasianism) + Cambridge Quantity equation

Slide 16: Evolution of Macro? (38:28 – 40:11)

  • Internal Inconsistency, Monetarist Challenge
    • Phelps (1968), Friedman (1968), Muth (1961)
  • New Classical Theory (Lucas 1975, 1976, 1977)
    • “Equilibrium Model of the Business Cycle”
    • “Econometric Policy Evaluation”
    • “Understanding Business Cycles”
  • Real Business Cycles
    • Kydland and Prescott (1982)
    • Long and Plosser (1983)

Slide 17: The Lucas Link: Macro vs. Finance (40:11 – 42:52)

“On the one hand, it is easy to postulate agents and market institutions which ignore or foolishly waste information: the result is a theory which seriously understates agents’ abilities to vary their decision rules with changes in the environment (such as, for example, the theory underlying the major econometric forecasting models). It is equally easy to postulate ‘efficient’ securities markets which rapidly transmit all information to all traders: the result is a static general equilibrium model. To observe that one must avoid both extremes to understand the business cycle does not take one very far in discovering the correct ‘centrist’ model, but it seems nonetheless an essential point of departure.” (Lucas 1975, 1138).

Slide 18: Rise of the Academics (42:52 – 46:34)

https://preview.redd.it/6m93v5496j0d1.png?width=600&format=png&auto=webp&s=1b7fdfc7c92458d2db765ce4404c1fff51f142c4

Slide 19: Modigliani (46:34 – 47:22)

  • “Liquidity Preference and the Theory of Interest and Money” (1944)
https://preview.redd.it/74sbv1496j0d1.png?width=500&format=png&auto=webp&s=b2f822f2cbd0020c8ab13421f5cac0d92ee02fd0

Slide 20: Samuelson (1947 [1937]) (47:22 – 50:04)

  • Robertson’s Money (1922)
  • Monetary Walrasianism
    • Hicks 1935 “A suggestion for simplifying…”
    • Marschak 1938 “Money and the theory of assets”
  • M = M(p1,….,pn,pm,I,r)
    • Monetary theory of the rate of interest? NO
    • Liquidity preference theory of term structure? NO
  • Neoclassical Synthesis (1955, 1967)

Slide 21: An Aside on Hicks (50:04 – 51:20)

  • Repudiation of 1937 “Keynes and the Classics”, but not 1935 “Simplifying”
  • 1962 Presidential Address “Liquidity” restarts his monetary inquiry, culminating in 1989 Market Theory of Money
  • Not monetary Walrasianism, rather completion of Keynes Treatise on Money
  • Hicks and the money view

Slide 22: Emerging Norms of Management (51:20 – 53:09)

https://preview.redd.it/helge1496j0d1.png?width=960&format=png&auto=webp&s=6481164d169ffdeec18fb53600aa123362913bb1

Slide 23: State of Debate circa 1975 (53:09 – 55:12)

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Slide 24: Can Monetary Policy Work? (55:12 – 56:52)

“If the interest rate on money, as well as the rates on all other financial assets, were flexible and endogenous, then ….there would be no room for monetary policy to affect aggregate demand.” Tobin (1969, 26)

Slide 25: Monetarism Mark I (56:52 – 57:14)

  • “One can see why the initial monetarist tide was so successful – no one had thought of building any dykes.”
    • Hahn on neoclassical “synthesis” (1983, 51) in Paul Samuelson and Modern Economic Theory

Slide 26: The "Hahn Problem" (57:14 – 58:15)

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Slide 27: The Problem of Time (58:15 – 1:00:25)

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Slide 28: Rise of Finance (1:00:25 – 1:01:00)

  • CAPM Origins [Marschak 1938]
    • Markowitz (1956) to Sharpe (1964)
    • Modigliani-Miller (1958) to Treynor (1962)
  • Options Pricing Origins
    • Treynor to Black-Scholes (1973)
    • Samuelson to Merton (1973)

Slide 29: "Monetarism" Mark II (1:01:00 – 1:01:35)

  • Black (1970) “Banking in a World Without Money”
  • Real Business Cycles
    • Kydland and Prescott (1982)
    • Long and Plosser (1983)
  • Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model
    • No banks, no money, liquidity as a free good
    • Price level formed by “expectations” and Central Bank Taylor Rule

Slide 30: Risk control in efficient markets (1:01:35 – 1:03:17)

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Slide 31: Special Theories of "Liquidity" (1:03:17 – 1:04:18)

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Slide 32: The Problem of time, Redux (1:04:18 – 1:05:05)

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Slide 33: The Money View (1:05:05 – 1:05:10)

  • Banking as a Payments System
    • Copeland (1952): A Moneyflow Economy
    • Minsky (1957): The Survival Constraint
  • Banking as a Market Making System
    • Hawtrey (1919): Hierarchy of Money and Credit
    • Hicks (1989): Centrality of the Dealer Function
    • Bagehot (1873): Dealer of Last Resort

Slide 34: "Capitalism is essentially a financial system" (1967) (1:05:10 – 1:05:31)

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Slide 35: The Vision of Minsky (1999) (1:05:31 – 1:08:12)

“By his own reckoning, Minsky was an institutionalist economist in the sense that he viewed the structure of the economic world not as immanent in some set of underlying data—such as endowments, technology, and preferences—but rather as constituted by a set of key economic institutions. He was institutionalist too in his insistence that our economy is essentially, not incidentally, monetary in character. His way of fleshing out that idea was to look at every economic unit—firms, households, governments, even countries—as though it were a bank daily balancing cash inflow against cash outflow. From that point of view, the categories that most economists, and most people, take to be solid simply melt into air. Production, consumption, and trade, are nothing more than flows of money in and out and between different economic units. The most real thing is money, but money is nothing more than a form of debt, which is to say a commitment to pay money at some time in the future. The whole system is therefore fundamentally circular and self-referential. There is nothing underneath, as it were, holding it up. In Minsky’s hyper-modern institutionalism, institutions do not merely organize the stuff of some pre-existing real world; there are the only real world there is. Financial relationships are not about mediating something else on the ‘real’ side of the economy; they are the constitutive relationships of the whole system. The veil of money is the very fabric of the modern economy.
Please post any questions and comments below. We will have a one-hour live discussion of Warsaw Lecture 2 on Wednesday, May 13th, at 2:00pm EDT.
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2024.05.15 07:10 Infinite-Broccoli589 Love It!

Love It!
got warp 9 handle bars and foot pegs and od! grips messed with some fork settings did some wire management (unplugged brake sensors and zip tied them to my brake cables) much easier than taking them out of the bike and if you want to put them back it just cut the zip tie, obviously cut the governor wire, having so much fun hitting jumps and riding trails there actually a blast I recommend doing all those modifications and if your thinking about getting one I would pull the trigger on it.
I'm glad I went with a talaria instead of a surron, I genuinely think they are better!
submitted by Infinite-Broccoli589 to Talaria [link] [comments]


2024.05.15 06:19 Ran-Rii [2.2 Spoilers] A scholarly analysis of the main antagonist's philosophy: why most players are missing the forest for the tree

[2.2 Main story spoilers, please only read if you have finished the story]

I've read many posts in this subreddit objecting to Sunday's philosophy on the basis that Sunday's ideals deprive other inhabitants of Penacony of their free will. I think that this does not strike at the heart of why one should object to Sunday's principles. I happen to have some formal training on the subject, so I will try my best to explain why Sunday's beliefs are objectionable. It is important to not simply get the direction of our opinions correct, but also the reason for believing the way we do correct as well.
In this post, I will address Sunday's philosophy and steel-man his arguments (i.e. addressing his arguments for their strongest possible position). I think that many people have felt that there is something right about Sunday's arguments -- we can look at this post for example. Using concepts from real-world political science scholarship, we can find that Sunday's arguments are not morally wrong. I will proceed to provide actual criticisms of Sunday's arguments after addressing our intuitive feelings to agree with Sunday.
A key assumption I make here is that we agree with Sunday/Robin/MC that freedom is good, and we want to maximize freedom under any regime or philosophy we adopt. From this angle, both Sunday and Robin + MC are correct, albeit that Sunday makes a critical misstep in execution that undermines the legitimacy of his entire plan. I'll explain it in the following sections.

Decomposing Sunday's Philosophy: Two principles

Sunday's philosophy can be broken down into two main principles: (1) people should not have to suffer because of their bodily constitution/environment/wealth; and (2) people should have the freedom to use their free time however they like, to achieve their own goals. I'll refer to (1) as the "Firefly principle", and (2) as the "Weekend principle".
Intuitively, we may find that there is nothing wrong with these two principles I've mentioned. This is why we might feel like we should agree with Sunday's ideals. How do we justify our feelings using robust academic concepts?
We can look at this through the idea of "negative" and "positive" liberty by scholar Isiah Berlin. This is the idea that freedom can be defined in two forms: (1) freedom from interference by others (including the environment); and (2) freedom to do things by being empowered with the means to do a given thing.

Negative freedom and the Firefly principle

We'll start with negative freedom and how it is promoted by the "Firefly principle". Basically, Sunday's argument is that people will be more free if they are removed from constraints of health, social status and wealth. Intuition suggests that this is correct, and we are right to follow that intuition. No one should have suffer more than others because they're born into worse circumstances. The famous social justice philosopher John Rawls would say that this suffering due to circumstances not of our own making is arbitrary and unfair.
People affected by their circumstances enjoy less freedom than others because they need to work hardework longecope with more challenges in order to simply live. This extra strain, from factors they cannot control, can be considered interference on a given person. They are forced to suffer the reductions in resources (time, money, etc.) in order to deal with the interference. I call this the Firefly principle because Firefly is the example Sunday uses when talking about this. Firefly is forced to deal with Entropy Loss Syndrome inherent to her circumstances of birth against her will, and has stated that she'd lead a far different life if she weren't bound to her circumstances. The way these circumstances of health, social status and wealth affect a person, against their will, directly contradicts the idea of negative liberty and being free from interference.
On the other hand, Sunday's proposal of removing this factors is convincing because we can see that it really increases the negative freedom of all people. They can reclaim resources that would otherwise be lost to the effects of interference from their circumstances of (lacking) health, social status and wealth. Assuming that we all believe that a greater freedom is preferable to a more limited one, it is clear that Sunday's philosophy, or at least the Firefly principle, is desirable.
In sum, the injustice of this arbitrariness makes us feel that the constraints of health, social status and wealth are morally bad; it is why we feel repulsed by it and in turn attracted to Sunday's ideas.

Positive Freedom and the Weekend principle

We move on to the idea of positive freedom and how we get more of it by following the Weekend principle. The one line that is most striking to most players is Sunday's example of an eternal succession of weekends to replace the working week. This is actually an extreme example which has overshadowed the underlying political position that Sunday holds, which led him to say such a thing. Sunday just wants to give people more resources -- in terms of time -- so that they may be free to pursue their life goals/ambitions. In political science, we call this the "life plan": it refers to what people want to do with their lives, given the resources that they have.
The relationship between the Weekend principle and positive freedom is a simple one. Being given time empowers one (i.e. increases one's positive freedom) because one has access to more resources to accomplish more of what they want. Again, intuitively, we see this as a good thing. We want people to be able to better pursue their dreams, to do what they want to do. To do things requires resources, and Sunday's proposal frees up more resources for people to use on their life goals.

Sunday's problem -- Unilateralism

There is, in fact, nothing wrong with Sunday's philosophy insofar as we consider these two principles. It is the reason that March and Himeko mention that it is difficult to refute Sunday's philosophy in the scene right before the first time you fight Dominicus. If we appreciate freedom and believe it to be desirable for all, Sunday's proposal is morally consistent with our want and appreciation of widespread freedoms.
We set aside the question of whether something done in a dream is as real as something done in reality. It is my belief that the dream/reality thing muddles the scholarly debate regarding Sunday's philosophy, since it is conventionally difficult for one to believe that something done in a dream is more significant that something done in reality. That sort of discussion is probably better left to students of philosophy, who can better argue about the significance of dreams and reality, rather than students of political science. I will deal strictly with the political implications of Sunday's philosophy.
The main problem with Sunday's philosophy is unilateralism. People have been right to point out that Sunday "did not ask for consent". In scholarly terms, we call this despotic/undemocratic behavior. Sunday has not consulted with anyone; he has not engaged in public deliberation; he is using power to enforce the system of government he wants.
Lack of consent is a big issue of course, but a greater concern is dictatorship. Sunday claims that he will be the only person awake, or something along those lines, but it is really a fancy way of saying that he will be sole dictator to dreamland, albeit a utopian one. Ancient philosophers like Plato and Aristotle might actually agree with Sunday's ideas: they had a deep distrust of the follies of the masses, and would rather a capable hand steer the ship of state. This is likely the role Sunday envisions himself in. That is, Sunday sees himself as the enlightened person who will manage paradise in its inhabitants' stead.
The problem arises from the fact that there is no democratic consultation. Classic arguments against dictatorships will apply to Sunday: what happens if he makes an error in judgment? What if he is unable to adequately respond to peoples' needs, even with the power and networking of The Family and its members combined? These are very pragmatic issues that any ruling organization will face, which I imagine will be an even greater problem for Sunday's lonesome.
To tie this back to our objective of promoting freedom, we observe that under Sunday's arrangement, no-one is guaranteed their freedom under Sunday's dictatorship. One may consider themselves free when Sunday's management aligns with their own interests and objectives, but we cannot guarantee the continuity of this alignment into the future. Those who have their goals misaligned with Sunday's vision of utopia will find themselves necessarily unfree, and with no recourse to alter, replace or escape Sunday's government. The prospect of becoming this group of people who are not adequately represented by Sunday undermines Sunday's entire project of increasing the freedom of the weak.

Conclusion (or TL;DR I guess)

Not only does Sunday face significant problems in running Penacony as its sole manager, he also runs the risk of being unrepresentative due to his unilateralism. Inhabitants of Penacony cannot be assured that Sunday will remain a benevolent ruler.
We know that he would likely be one because we have glimpses into his mind through the omniscient viewpoint of the player. However, no-one else in the story can be sure that Sunday will remain a responsive governor of Penacony. Further, there are no accountability mechanisms to depose Sunday and replace him with another leader should he turn out to be tyrannical or incompetent down the road.
In the field of Political Science, this is the problem of centralizing governmental powers. Generally, we want a government that can respond to the needs of its people. Many systems of government will try to avoid putting too much power in a single person, such that there may be checks and balances that will provide some way for people to hold government accountable for their actions and competence. Being able to choose one's government and its policies is a very important freedom. Sunday's benevolent dictatorship fails this requirement.
So how do we fix this? I highlighted the Firefly principle and the Weekend principle because they cohere very closely to real life ideas of socialism. The idea that people should be free from their circumstances, and should be free to apply themselves to whatever life plans they wish to pursue are key tenets of socialism. The only difference is that under socialism, people will decide societal priorities and use of social resources together in democratic fashion. It's entirely fine when people decide, out of their own volition, that they should use resources in a certain way that enhances their freedom. It is, however, problematic when this decision is done unilaterally, such as in Sunday's philosophy.
Outside of his dictatorial tendencies, Sunday really promotes some classic socialist ideas that are intended to address the moral badness of society's failure in addressing social inequalities and peoples' needs for self-fulfillment. He just needs more time to think over his philosophy and execute on it in a manner that is more democratic.
As a final word and to provide some further reading for those that have become interested in political science analysis, I recommend reading "Why not socialism" by scholar G.A. Cohen for a political-philosophical justification of Sunday's philosophy. It's a pretty short read (~20 pages?) and will help us better understand our intuitive agreement with Sunday's philosophy.
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2024.05.15 05:01 bcocfbhp Rebooking King and Queen of the Ring

Here we go!
Only Note is the Draft Doesn't happen on Raw or Smackdown It's a Peacock Special
Raw April 29
First Round Matchs
Jey Uso beats Finn Balor - 16 mins
Gunther beats Pete Dunne - 18 Mins,
Lyra Valakrie beats Natalya - 13 Mins
Kairi Sane beats Shayna Bazler - 17 Mins
Nxt April 30
First Round Match
Wes Lee beats Tony D'Angelo. - 11 Mins
Joe Coffey beats Andre Chase
Thea Hail defeats Tatum Paxley
Fallon Henry defeats Lash Legend
Smackdown May 3
First Round Matches
Montez Ford beats Johnny Gargano
Carmelo Hayes beats Shinskue Nakamura
Nia Jax defeats Tegan Nox
Piper Nevin Defeats Candace LaRae
Raw May 6
First Round Matches
Ilja Dragonuv defeats Ricochet
Tyler Bate defeats Rey Myestrio
Iyo Sky defeats Zoey Stark
Alba Fyre defeats Dakota Kai (Big Upset that leads to Damage Control vs Becky, Lyra, Alba and Isla feud)
NXT May 7
Shawn Spears defeats Ridge Holland
Lexis King defeats Josh Briggs
Gigi Dollin defeats Izzi Dame
Lola Vice defeats Arianna Grace
Smackdown May 10
AJ Styles defeats Randy Orton
Tama Tonga defeats LA Knight
Tiffany Stratton defeats Naomi
Blair Davenport defeats Indi Hartwell
Raw May 13
Tyler Bate defeats Illja Dragnov (Imperium interferes)
Gunther defeats Jey Uso
Kairi Sane defeats Lyra Valkarie
Alba Fyre defeats Io Sky
NXT May 14
Lexis King defeats Shawn Spears
Wes Lee defeats Joe Coffey
Gigi Dollin defeats Lola Vice
Thea Hail defeats Fallon Henry
Smackdown May 17
Carmelo Hayes defeats Montez Ford
AJ Styles defeats Tama Tonga
Tiffany Stratton defeats Blair Davenport
Nia Jax defeats Piper Niven
Raw May 20
Gunther defeats Tyler Bate
Kairi Sane defeats Alba Fyre
NXT May 21
Wes Lee defeats Lexis King
Thea Hail defeats Gigi Dollin
Smackdown May 24
AJ Styles defeats Carmelo Hayes
Tiffany Stattron defeats Nia Jax
King and Queen of The Ring
Tiffany Stratton defeats Kairi Sane and Thea Hail
Wes Lee defeats Gunther and AJ Styles (Dragonuv attacks Gunther mid match)
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2024.05.15 04:09 Darren716 Post WWE NXT 5/14/2024 Show Discussion Thread

MATCH RESULTS
Winner Loser Match Finish Stipulation
Sol Ruca Izzy Dame Sol Snatcher Women's North American Championship Qualifier
OTM w/ Jaida Parker Edris Enofe and Maliq Blade w/ Brinley Reece In the Mud
Lash Legend w/ Jakara Jackson Ivy Nile Big Boot Women's North American Championship Qualifier
Je'von Evans w/ Trick Williams Oro Mensah w/ Jakara Jackson and Lash Legend Hole in the Road
The Good Brothers Ridge Holland and Riley Osborne w/ Chase U Roll-Up
Lola Vice w/ Shayna Balzer Carlee Bright Spinning Backfist
Tony D'Angelo w/ The D'Angelo Family Charlie Dempsey (c) 2-1 Fisherman Suplex For the NXT Heritage Cup
IMPORTANT NOTES
SHAMELESS PLUGS
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2024.05.15 04:06 AeroArisen Our Tree & The Watchful Eye [PART 1]

WARNING: This story contains strong language, mild violence & fictional political radicalism.
(Note, this story portrays the human side in a morally negative light. If you do not like that, then turn back now.)
ULJJAK KASERKOR, ANDZAKTAR, THE HOMEWORLD, ANDZAK EMPIRE, 11,772 A.C. 
Standing in the centre of the Andzak Governing District, in the heart of the Andzak Empire, is the Tree of Civilisation. While there is no direct translation into Human Standard, the meaning of the tree, including its name, stood for the long continuity of Andzak civilisation and the Andzak Empire.
Surrounding the tree were the marvellous palaces of the Imperial Government, the Imperial Advisory Council directly appointed by the emperor among them. The palaces were meant to be opulent and expensive, as if you were a lowly governor coming in from the Outer Provinces, the rows and rows of perfectly symmetric crystalline walls combined with the mirrors to allow the Andzak aristocracy to witness the superb influence of the Imperial Authorities.
Looking into those spotlessly clean mirrors was me, Deputy Governor Uljjak Kaserkor. According to Imperial audits of my activities, I am a "sub-par administrator, foreign to both the Andzak Empire and it's traditions, and the Andzak aristocracy" as Councillor Dlirij once said. In short, they've been looking for an excuse to exile me to a low-ranking advisory position on a third-band world out in the middle of nowhere.
And, as such, I am keeping this diary to myself, so in the event that Councillor Dlirij or one of his cronies tries to bring up charges against me, I am capable of fighting them effectively.
So, what am I doing, thousands of lightyears from my homeworld looking up at the Tree? I am here to report to the Advisory Council of an intense gamma-ray disturbance next to the uninhabited system of [UAG-2113]. Gamma ray disturbances of this scale usually mean the development and testing of superluminal weapons, which are severely restricted under the [Interstellar Accords].
Superluminal weapons are capable of obliterating entire solar systems if given enough energy. The most powerful superluminal weapon ever tested by the Andzak Empire vaporised 3 light-years of space, and fried every unprotected electronic within 117 light-years.
So this means it is understandable that the Empire might be concerned by yet another civilisation in hold of these excessively powerful weapons, especially if they don't know who has them, and they're being tested in the Centauran Reserves, an area that has barely been explored by the Empire due to the Centauran Pandemic a hundred years ago.
By my side, is the Military Advisor Vraxh Huljukrj. To be honest, we don't get along, and while I technically outrank him, stripping him of his rank would be an essential guarantee that the Regional Military Consul would be pissed. Vraxh has gotten into the Armed Forces through nepotism with the Consul.
"So you're bothering the Advisory Council with third-world bullshit just because one sensor buoy near a system nobody's ever heard of in the middle of fucking nowhere read some extra spicy particles?"
Vraxh, for whatever reason, still won't understand the severity of the situation, despite me having explained it to him at least a hundred times over the past 2 weeks we've been travelling here.
"I have explained this to you half a dozen times Vraxh, if you pester me about this decision one more time I will eject the rest of your belongings into space!"
To be honest, I haven't been particularly kind to him either. He kept bugging me with intentionally annoying overexaggerated questions over the 2 weeks we've been travelling here, so while he was in the bathroom, I ejected the bed in his room into the vacuum of space. While he wasn't amused, I found it incredibly funny.
"Okayy, fuck! Fine.."
Maybe I'll have even garnered his false support when the aristocrats in the Advisory Council wonder what I'm doing there.
Me and Vraxh right behind me walked up to the meetings desk. Behind the desk, is a short and relatively aged Andzakian in the uniform worn by imperial servants. He is looking at his holopad, appearing to have not noticed the two borderworlders at the desk. I attempted to grab his attention.
"Hello, sir?"
The imperial servant didn't appear to be surprised, and just looked up at the two with a condescending glare, confirming that he did infact know they were there, and just didn't pay any attention.
"Imperial Advisory Council case #1,714?"
He said the words sharply, as if he had already thought of them hours in advance.
"Yes, sir. A gamma ray disturbance in syste-"
"I don't care. Wait in the lobby, when you are called, arrive on time."
The servant interrupted me rudely, before pointing at a sitting area in the lobby.
I walked over to the lobby and sat down, with Vraxh reluctantly following me. After half an hour of awkwardly silent waiting, the loudspeaker in the lobby called,
"Uljjak Kaserkor and Vraxh Huljukrj, attend conference chamber C-1 immediately."
I immediately got up pulling Vraxh with me, before hastily making my way over to the conference chamber.
The guards at the door opened the heavy chamber doors with a loud thunk.
Sitting in the furthest conference seat was- god damn it, I shouldn't have come!
Sitting in the fanciest conference seat of them all, was Councillor Dlirij, with the biggest shit-eating grin I've ever seen.
"Deputy Governor Uljjak Kaserkor. What matters do you disturb the Advisory Council with this time?" Dlirij said, in generic aristocratic government drone.
I steeled myself with my own government training, before responding through nearly clenched teeth,
"Councillor Dlirij, thank you for coming to address my meeting."
Saying it was my meeting whilst also not using the formal address style was something I knew would piss Dlirij off, but thankfully he couldn't do anything about it according to the formal rules of the palace.
Indeed, Dlirij's grin reduced and he just looked me in the eyes, before saying,
"Deputy Governor, get straight to the point. What do you have to show me?"
I laid out a briefcase on the table, opening it and beginning to explain.
"3 weeks ago, an intense gamma event occured in the uninhabited system [UAG-2113], 3,679 light-years from the Homeworld."
I took a deep breath.
"As you would know as a Councillor, Councillor Dlirij, gamma-intense events in this fashion nearly always signal the activation of a superluminal weapon, legally considered an ultraintense weapon by the Interstellar Accords and thus prohibited for any Interstellar State to possess them aside from the Andzak Empire, the Union of Galactic Republics, and the Ksirlok Dependency."
I paused.
"I am requesting an Advisory Council initiated investigation into what caused the disturbance. If this is not achieved, it could be greatly threatening to the order in the Galaxy."
I then handed Dlirij the papers, which he started to look through.
In the silence while Dlirij looked through the papers, Vraxh had said nothing. I gave him a subtle glare for him to contribute, which he did. He reluctantly said, without thought,
"Councillor Dlirij, the Military Consulate will be the next to be contacted, if we do not succeed here."
I was not pleased with what Vraxh had said. He tried to challenge the Councillor's authority with a threat to go to the military establishment if we got nowhere here. I opted to remain silent though.
Dlirij looked at Vraxh with a glare of anger, before looking back down at the papers.
A few more awkward minutes passed, before Dlirij passed the papers back to me.
"So, you spend 2 weeks travelling to the Imperial Homeworld and the most honourable palaces of the Empire, with your little sidekick, just to bother me, Hasjaxhar Dlirij, with gamma radiation readings from one isolated buoy, nevertheless in the Centauran Reserves, where it has been proven by the Imperial Surveying Authority that there is no intelligent life?"
Dlirij's hand moved underneath the table.
"Councillor Dlirij, I believe you are mistaken by what I have given an explained to you, please-"
At this moment the guards burst through the door, before knocking us both out with the butt of their plasma rifles.
...
SEVEN FOUR EIGHT, NEW YORK CITY, TERRA, ALMIGHTY CELESTIAL STATE, 147 A.R. 
"...Comrades! On this date, July 16th, 147 years since the Revolution, humanity has taken yet another great leap under the leadership of the State. On this day, we have successfully detonated a superluminal weapon."
"A weapon that breaks the laws of the universe, a weapon that propels an object at thousands of times the speed of light, before dropping it back into realspace just before it hits its target. A weapon that, prior to today, the distant enemies of humanity cannot have dreamed of. A weapon that has just obliterated the Wolf 359 star system. Due to the ingenuity of our technology, not only do we get to witness the flash of our excellence, but we can also observe from this distance with our electronics intact!"
"Today, from this date, humanity is not only indivisible, but invincible! We, led forwards by the State, shall never be destroyed by those distant in the void, and our Black Banner shall soon fly on every planet in the Milky Way!"
The crowd cheered.
From my position, it looked fairly typical for a propaganda gathering. Soldiers surrounding the speaking Party official on a tall podium, with the Black Banner of the Almighty Celestial State flying calmly but sternly in the wind. Mounted to structures surrounding the gathering area are various slogans of the Celestial State, among them "HUMANITY INDIVISIBLE" and "THE STARS ARE OURS".
Truth be told, I am not an avid supporter of the ideology or the State. I come from a rural background in the middle of nowhere in North America, and have only joined the Armed Forces because the Party Militia showed up for their quota of soldiers.
In the State, all jobs are connected to, and thus in support, of the Armed Forces. While I was perfectly happy to continue living a solitary life with my family in rural America, I honestly didn't have much choice, and so here I am.
After the gathering, we are told to go back to our barracks and thus be assigned roles by the commanding officer.
I come through the door, and am immediately escorted to the commanding officer with two elite Party Militia members to my side.
"Soldier #7,487,782,311. Due to demand, you are being changed from Military Communications to Reconnaissance starting immediately. You will be transported to the Orbital Station, before boarding a Javelin class reconnaissance ship. The ship will not set sail into the void immediately, so the new crew can get accommodated."
"Got it, commissar. I will be ready in 5 minutes."
The commissar seemed to offer a pleasant nod, before stamping my identity card with the official Government stamp. It read,
"ALMIGHTY CELESTIAL STATE
#7,487,782,311
APPROVAL TO LEAVE THE MANHATTAN DISTRICT
ISSUED BY C.O. #2,349,522 - IF DISCREPANT CONTACT NUMBER ON SLIP"
I packed all of my belongings into a state-issued carrying pack.
Looking at how many belongings I have, pretty much just my uniform and Communication Device made me reminiscent for a time I never lived. How was the world before the Revolution? According to my family, the world was far better before the Revolution. They even had food that they could buy from private individuals, and not just State rations, which I find hard to believe.
The Communications Device had a light next to it's camera that blinked red every few seconds. This was to indicate that the camera was actively recording and watching me. I decided to stop thinking treasonous thoughts, and finished folding and packing my uniform, before taking my carrying pack with me.
After leaving the barracks, I walk past a building with the Emblem of the Celestial State painted on one of the walls, with artistic sunrays surrounding it. There are soldiers saluting the emblem, surrounded by armed party militia, while reciting the pledge of loyalty. I continue walking between two barracks towards the rocket area.
This base is lucky specifically to have it's own dedicated orbital rocket area. If I was stationed out west, I'd likely have to spend hours in the back of a troop transport vehicle being driven to the nearest site.
After a few minutes of walking down the bleak path, I reach the rocket area. There are people queuing to get in the rockets, and I join the queue. All of the soldiers infront of me look at the very least uncomfortable, and some look terrified. While looking ahead of me, a place ahead of me I see a vaguely familiar face.
"Eight one four, do I recognise you?"
His eyes go wide, and he recognises me almost immediately.
You see, this is a childhood friend of mine. Was my neighbour, in the rural countryside and the absence of the state, fuck, even when some parts were controlled by the Resistance, we could play forbidden games from the pre-revolution world.
I moved away from him probably 4 or 5 years ago with my family, which ended up being a mistake. It was in a larger community where the Guards showed up and conscripted me alongside a number of my family members.
"Yes, yes! I recognise you! An-"
Without even thinking, I cover his mouth with my hand.
"Don't!"
His face goes white and he realises the mistake he was about to make, and thus addresses me the proper informal way.
"Seven four eight, how have you been?"
"I've been decent. Can't say too much to be honest. Just bumbled around trying to look for something to do. Then I ended up here. You know how that's like."
Eight four one chuckles.
"Yeah, I know how it is."
We both tried to avoid treasonous language, which prevented us from having a meaningful discussion. It was nice to catch up though.
The line slowly moves forwards. I am close enough to the entrance of the orbital craft to hear a commotion ahead involving my friend.
"Soldier #8,142,327,494! Present your identity documents!"
The Soldier ruffles through his carry pack looking for his identity documents, and after a while, finds them.
"Eight one four! These documents do not have the commissar stamp!"
Two militia members point their service rifles at my unfortunate friend. I am enraged and know what is about to happen, but there is nothing I can do. I look around and see the guardsmen in the guards building, as well as a few guards snipers in watchtowers above us.
I helplessly watch as a third guardsman knocks him to the ground with the butt of his rifle, before he is hand and leg cuffed and escorted away. New militiamen come out of the guards building to take up their positions. I just silently hang my head, performing a neutral expression.
I arrive at the front of the line.
"#7,487,782,311! Your permission slip!"
I feel for it in the pocket in my pants, as that's where I left it.
Except, my pocket is flat, with no identity documents, I frantically feel inside the pocket, and do not feel them.
My face goes white and it feels like my knees are about to give way.
I look inside my carry pack with the guard giving me an intense stare. I find my documents, and hand them to the guard. He checks and verifies them, and I am let past. While walking past the guard, I hear over my shoulder from the other guard,
"Seven four eight. Do not forget the location of your identity documents next time. You know the consequences."
I walk aboard the ship without holding up the line, and sit down in a cramped troop transport seat. It wouldn't matter, entering orbit only takes a few minutes.
I look out of the orbit craft door towards my friend being escorted away into the distance, he gives me one final, depressed look, before him and his escort round the corner.
After a few minutes, the last soldier in the line is boarded onto the ship, and a loudspeaker voice calls to the gathering area that the ships will be leaving.
The landing door closes and the ship shudders. Due to the lack of windows, I have no idea what is going on outside. I am pressed back and down into my seat, as the ship accelerates into the sky.
The acceleration gradually slows until I can only feel the shudder of the ship fighting the atmosphere as it leaves. Gradually, gravity weakens and I begin to feel no weight in my seat.
EIGHT ONE FOUR, NEW YORK CITY, TERRA, ALMIGHTY CELESTIAL STATE, 147 A.R. 
As I round the corner, I see my friend's look on his face. Steeled sadness. I appreciated it in a world of no emotion.
The guardsmen around me had tied my leg cuffs too tightly but were also forcing me to hurry up and walk at their speed.
As I am forced underneath the temporary holding shelter, my leg cuffs are cuffed to a support beam of the structure. The guards then walk into the commissar's office, while a guard in a watchtower keeps an eye on me.
I see the landing ship my friend is on slowly start hover into the sky. Blue plasma shoots out of its 4 engine ports. It stops increasing in altitude, turns around and rapidly accelerates. I see it shoot off into the distance with a vapor cone around it's tail. The extremely loud rumble of it's engines slowly gets quieter and quieter, until it disappears from view.
The guards return from the commissar's office.
Both with neutral steeled expressions return to the shelter. I am held down and injected with a needle, and my vision slowly fades to black.
submitted by AeroArisen to HFY [link] [comments]


2024.05.15 03:17 BB_Captain Where do I get replacement seals for this briggs and stratton carburetor?

Where do I get replacement seals for this briggs and stratton carburetor?
Im trying to learn about small engine repair as a new hobby, so today I picked up a free troy bilt 21" mower with a briggs and stratton 190 cc engine on it. Somewhere along the line the previous owner lost the air filter cover and the air filter, but just kept right on using the lawn mower without them for who knows how long. So as one would expect, the carburetor was a filthy mess inside and out. I took it off and apart and cleaned it, but the original black seal/gasket and the o-ring seal for the bowl are toast.
So where does one go to get these parts? Do smaller local hardware stores, Lowes, or home depot carry these types of parts or is this some stuff I'm probably going to have to order off the internet? If it is something I have to order can you more experienced repair people point me in the direction of where to get the parts?
Thank you in advance!
submitted by BB_Captain to smallenginerepair [link] [comments]


2024.05.15 01:06 AtomicBugger The Termination of Predators (2)

[Previous]
Memory transcription subject: Governor Tarva of the Venlil Republic
Date [standardized human time]: July 12, 2136
I couldn’t help but quake in regret as the human ship touched down on the landing pad before me. Would they come down running, frothing at the idea of tasting unfamiliar flesh? Or would they immediately start blasting everything in sight, relishing in the cruelty coded in their blood? As much as I wanted to cry and scream, I had to remain calm for these beasts and the others accompanying me: Kam and my diplomatic advisor, Cheln.
I would normally have more people, but because of our nature as Venlil, nobody bothered to come, forcing me to drag these two here.
Kam’s tail flicked in anxiety, wanting to do something he so little has the power to perform.
“You’re going to get us all killed, Tarva.” He hissed at me, “Might as well hand us to them on a silver platter, all tied up and gutted.”
“Kam, you’re making me really nervous, and that will happen if you don’t shut up. All that we’re doing is buying the Federation some time to save us from these freaks!” I hissed back. “Venlil Prime is not going to be another slaughterhouse!”
“You know I’m not going to be all uppity and friendly with them. I could barely hold it when that transmission came.”
“Neither did I, but here we are! So how about we all act as if they’re just prey? Can you do that for the sake of not being torn apart?”
He huffed, turning his head away from me, his tail curling up in spite. If we’re predator food, I’m ensuring you’re the first one. Drifting away from the thought, I prayed that Cheln, on the other hand, would be more reasonable than his militaristic counterpart.
Speaking of Cheln, I wonder how he’s doing—and now he’s frozen in place. Wonderful. This is absolutely what I need right now. I hope that the humans would just pass this off as standard Venlil behavior and not just begging to get out of here…
Hearing the clanking of the human ship’s ramp hitting the floor, all three of us snapped out of whatever fear lingering thoughts that poisoned our minds. Unexpectantly, I was slightly shoved forward, Kam and Cheln hiding behind me as they peeked over my shoulders.
Ohpleasedontdothistome! I could feel my eyes watering, unable to control my prey instincts as one simple goal came: live. But that couldn't happen; I had to do this for Venkind. Sighing, I wiped my tears away. My voice, once again, was trembling. “W-welcome! Welcome to V-venlil Prime!”
Looking up the ramp, heavy footsteps came—a pair. The one known as N-04H was the first to step down, followed by S-4R-4.
“Greetings,” the former began, its cold, metallic voice present as it descended the ramp. “The tactical advantage provided is in mass gratitude to us.”
Oh, it’s even bigger in person! Speh, why did I do this?! My heart throbbed at the sight of the predator, as all I ever wanted to do at the moment was to run away, but we, as Venlil, had to keep up a facade of strength. Predators thrived on the assertion of dominance, so I doubted they’d turn down a blatant challenge.
Both of these beasts stopped precisely in front of us, keeping a rather coordinated stance amongst each other.
“U-um… as you know, I-I’m Governor Tarva of Venlil Prime and these are–”
“General Kam of the Venlil Armed Forces and diplomatic advisor Cheln,” the human interrupted. How did it know?! Was it listening to us from afar?! Spehspehspeh! How much can they do?!
“H-how did you know our names?” Kam interjected, his tail tucked in between his legs, quite visibly fearful of the thing already knowing his name.
It slowly moved its head to directly face Kam, staring him down with its disgusting forward-facing eyes. This caused the general to let out a small squeak in fear, contrasting his earlier hostile attitude.
It remained silent as if it was a machine going through possible responses to hide its knowledge before finally speaking, “You look like a Kam.”
What the speh is that supposed to mean?!
A thud sounded beside me, which I realized was Cheln hitting the pavement. My diplomatic advisor fainting was not a good look, I knew that. Even Kam had his ears pressed against his head, earlier bluster forgotten.
Both predators didn’t react, ignoring the fact that there was an easy meal right in front of them. By then, I knew that humans reveled in the thrill of the hunt, refusing to accept such simplicity. They wanted us to run, fleeing for our lives as they tore us apart one by one, joyed by the cruelty they so exerted.
They knew we were afraid, and they knew that we knew that. It was obvious the human thought we should abandon Cheln, rather than allow weakness to tarnish the gene pool.
Kam knelt by Cheln’s side, trying to rouse him. Given that the nurturing trait stemmed from compassion, that wasn’t the sort of behavior to exhibit in front of predators either. I had to nip this conduct in the bud, or else the primates would think it was commonplace. That answered what I should do, but how could I leave a man to die in the cold? How could I chastise my general for basic empathy? That level of cruelty was beyond my sensibilities.
“You are afraid.” N-04H stated, “Do our large presence pose an instinctual threat, contributed by an unfamiliarity to the unknown? We are likely the first extraterrestrial life you encountered, correct?”
What... That’s why they think we’re afraid? Um… yeah, I think we can recover from this…
“Y-yeah!” I exclaimed, “T-that’s why! You’re practically the first species not from Venlil Prime to set foot here! Um.. please pardon us for our fearful attitude…”
“You are pardoned.” It said bluntly. Gazing at Cheln, it marched on over him, kneeling beside Kam. “Allow me to assist.”
“You’ve done enough, monster!” Kam spat.
“Allow me to assist.”
“No! I am not letting you–”
“That was not a request.” N-04H interrupted, for the first time, displaying emotion. And it wasn’t kindness like us prey. It was a predatory tone, the fleshy mask of theirs slowly slipping, uncovering whatever true beasts they so had hidden.
The tone had made Kam flinch back, fear overtaking his protectiveness. He had begrudgingly stepped back, covering his eyes and ears as he expected poor Cheln to be a meal.
“Thank you,” the human said, slowly picking up Cheln with ease, with no indication of him even weighing anything. It gave its attention to me, brown eyes meeting mine. I froze, inspecting the hellish landscape that protruded in its eyes, a faint red glow displaying its desire to consume.
I could see Venlil Prime being nothing but a mere wasteland, the innocent inhabitants long gone as they became slaves to the predators' hunger. Children separated from their parents as they became livestock to the eventual horrors.
The Federation must stop them; we have to exterminate Earth before they exterminate us. For now, we all had to play along with the game presented.
“W-would a tour be nice for you two?” I squeaked.
It looked around the area, scanning everything in sight. At this point, a tour would be meaningless if it weren’t for the fact that it would stall them long enough for a fleet to arrive.
“A tour would be of utmost importance to us.” Great… Just great…
submitted by AtomicBugger to NatureofPredators [link] [comments]


2024.05.15 00:48 zoobernut Highway to open at Rocky Creek using 24/7 traffic light control 8 days early

Just heard via email that the highway will reopen 8 days early. This coming Friday at 6:30am the traffic light will be live and the road will have unrestricted access through the area again.
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW: The Governor announced today that a portion of Highway 1, near Big Sur, which was severely damaged by recent storms, is set to reopen more than a week ahead of schedule this Friday, May 17.
WHAT GOVERNOR NEWSOM SAID: “Crews have been working day and night to quickly repair the damage to Highway 1 caused by recent storms, which has disrupted the lives of individuals living in and around Big Sur – limiting access to the area and hampering tourism. Thanks to the diligent efforts, traffic will resume eight days ahead of schedule – bringing relief and a sense of normalcy back to one of California's most iconic coastal communities."

This portion of Highway 1 will reopen with the use of a 24/7 signalized traffic control. This temporary signal will provide unrestricted public access with one-way alternating traffic in both the north and southbound directions.
submitted by zoobernut to BigSur [link] [comments]


2024.05.14 23:24 Evening-Night-8421 Edger Engine Fix or Replace

I have a MTD edger with a Briggs and Stratton engine 91212-1319 3.5hp looks like late 90s era possibly. Looking for a fix, sputtering oil out of crankshaft/crankcase while running any tips? Or direct replacement?
submitted by Evening-Night-8421 to smallengines [link] [comments]


2024.05.14 23:13 SomervilleMAGhost Feds accuse Rhode Island of warehousing kids with mental health, developmental disabilities

From Boston.com: Feds accuse Rhode Island of warehousing kids with mental health, developmental disabilities
BOSTON (AP) — Rhode Island violated the civil rights of hundreds of children with mental health or developmental disabilities by routinely and unnecessarily segregating them at Bradley Hospital, an acute-care psychiatric hospital, federal prosecutors said Monday.
Zachary Cunha, U.S. Attorney for the District of Rhode Island, said the multi-year investigation found that — rather than complying with its legal obligation to provide services in the most integrated setting appropriate to the needs of the children — the state left them hospitalized at Bradley for months and in some cases for more than a year.
Bradley Hospital states that it is the nation's first hospital devoted exclusively to children's and adolescent's Mental Health. On the surface, this looks like a comprehensive, community mental health provider. It is a non-profit, is affiliated with quality colleges, universities and a medical school. Based on the lengthy investigation conducted by the US Attorney for the District of Rhode Island, Bradley Hospital now joins the ranks of the Troubled Teen Industry.
From the press release from the US Attorney for the District of Rhode Island: State of Rhode Island found to be in violation of Federal Disability Laws for over-hospitalization of children with behavioral disabilities in state care
PROVIDENCE, RI - An investigation by the United States Attorney’s Office for the District of Rhode Island and the United States Department of Health and Human Services Office of Civil Rights (HHS OCR) has found that the State of Rhode Island has violated federal civil rights laws by routinely and unnecessarily segregating children with mental health and/or developmental disabilities at Bradley Hospital, an acute-care psychiatric hospital, announced United States Attorney Zachary A. Cunha and HHS OCR Director Melanie Fontes Rainer.
As detailed in a Letter of Findings transmitted to the Governor of Rhode Island and the Director of the Rhode Island Department of Children, Youth and Families (DCYF), the federal government’s comprehensive, multi-year investigation found that, rather than complying with its legal obligation to provide services in the most integrated setting appropriate to the needs of these children, the state has instead left them hospitalized at Bradley for far longer than is necessary.
While Bradley Hospital inpatient admissions are designed to last only one to two weeks, the federal investigation concluded that children with behavioral health disabilities in DCYF’s care were often forced to languish in the hospital for weeks, months, and, in some cases, for more than a year, despite being ready for discharge, and despite the fact that these children would be better served in a family home.
The investigation found that DCYF failed to ensure that children with disabilities were able to access the intensive in-home and community-based services they need, and failed to facilitate prompt discharges from Bradley Hospital to family homes, resulting in extended and unnecessary hospitalization, or risk of future hospitalization, all in violation of federal law, specifically Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.
submitted by SomervilleMAGhost to troubledteens [link] [comments]


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submitted by MortgageRich3613 to Statisticshelpers_ [link] [comments]


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submitted by amberarteaga78 to Statisticshelpers_ [link] [comments]


2024.05.14 22:40 Wild-Economics-7873 New federal cases, laws of special importance to Iowa mothers and Brenna Bird's surprise trip to NYC - Laura Belin May 14, 2024

submitted by Wild-Economics-7873 to desmoines [link] [comments]


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