https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Backlash%2c+parental+alienation+syndrome+and+co-construction.-a0179570828
Work on the issue of sexual abuse in children and adolescents lays bare the power relations between genders, generations and social classes. The issue of gender is seen in statistics from UN agencies that report that "one in four girls and one in nine boys will be sexually abused before they reach the age of 18."(1) Generational power relations are clear because the perpetrators are adults, and the power relations of class are evident in the backlash generated by powerful sectors that have attempted to prop up the myth that child abuse is only a problem among the poor and working classes.
Webster's Dictionary defines "backlash" as "a strong adverse reaction to a political or social movement." More plainly, backlash is a negative reaction to a positive and constructive step forward. Professor of law John Myers identifies the positive step as the progress made in the past two decades with regard to child abuse and the backlash as the escalation of criticism against professionals involved in child protection.(2)
David Finkelhor was responsible for pioneering work on the sexual abuse of children in the United States. In his 1979 book, Sexually Victimized Children, Finkelhor recognizes the important contributions of the women's movement and professionals involved in child protection lobbying in drawing attention to the realities of sexual violence against minors: "If the sexual abuse of children has risen to prominence as a social problem rather quickly, it is because it has been championed by an alliance of two constituencies by now rather experienced in the promotion of social problems."(3)
In the United States, a backlash began in the 1980s under the Reagan Administration's return to stale and reactionary values following the struggles of the women's movement and the children's rights movement the 1960s and 70s.
What was once secret was now openly debated, and controversy wracked the most idealized institutions, including church, family and school. Socially consecrated myths of long-standing were crumbling: "The home is the seat of love, support and safety for children"; "Good families don't talk about sexuality"; "Churches reflect the highest moral standard with regard to sexuality"; "Children are safe in school."
By drawing attention to the realities of child sexual abuse, a solid blow was dealt to the "powers that be"; hypocrisy was uncovered; and unquestioned assumptions were challenged. This frontal attack was met with denial by means of a range of strategies developed by the fundamentalisms of faith and the market.
One of these backlash strategists was prominent forensics expert Richard Gardner, who coined the term "parental alienation syndrome" in 1985 to describe a supposed psychological disorder that he had observed in lengthy and bitter custody battles. His original paper on the subject uses the following description:

"The term I prefer to use is parental alienation syndrome. I have introduced this term to refer to a disturbance in which children are obsessed with deprecation and criticism of a parent—denigration that is unjustified and/or exaggerated. The notion that such children are merely 'brainwashed' is narrow."(4)

However, supposedly citing his original work several years later, Gardner re-describes this phenomena somewhat differently.

"[t]he parental alienation syndrome (PAS) is a childhood disorder that arises almost exclusively in the context of child-custody disputes. Its primary manifestation is the child's campaign of denigration against a parent, a campaign that has no justification. It results from the combination of a programming (brainwashing) parent's indoctrinations and the child's own contributions to the vilification of the target parent. When true parental abuse and/or neglect is present, the child's animosity may be justified, and so the parental alienation syndrome explanation for the child's hostility is not applicable."(5)

The two different definitions demonstrate the changes in this argument over time with the goal of developing a different strategy for discrediting the hard research work and harder-won social gains of the women's movement and the professionals lobbying for child protection.
Maria Jose Blanco Barea has studied the many works that Gardner published up to his death by suicide in 2003, and she suggests that "perhaps the psychological causes that led to his suicide should be taken into consideration." With regard to Gardner's professional career, Blanco Barea recounts that "Gardner dedicated the first part of his professional life to working as a forensics expert in cases of sexual abuse brought by children against their parents, students against professors, members of the faithful against representatives of organized religions and within military families. Gardner often stressed that he was a former captain [in the U.S. Army Medical Corps] and as a psychologist treated members of the armed forces who had served in Korea. He specialized in techniques to 'deprogram' U.S. soldiers who had been prisoners of war. His methodologies and expert testimony were used to question the credibility of sexual abuse victims, to prove that the accused were innocent and that the accusers were guilty of perjury. Gardner testified in cases of sexual abuse in the context of hearings to determine custody, visitation and guardianship, and he himself explains that he developed his research over the course of his career. In other words, he directly applied the scientific method of trial and error in real-life court cases that were settled while he was still carrying out his research. When he decided to publish his theories in 1985, Garner failed to provide the scientific community with the necessary data to scientifically analyze his conclusions."(6)
Richard Gardner's books were published by Creative Therapeutics, which he himself owned. Some of his articles were published in Issues in Child Abuse Accusations, a publication of the Institute for Psychological Therapies, which is directed by Dr. Ralph Underwager who is well known for an interview in the Dutch journal Paidika […](7)
In the 1970s and 80s and prior to his publication of the parental alienation syndrome, Gardner developed the "Sex-Abuse Legitimacy Scale" (SAL Scale), which he used in his own courtroom testimony. Nonetheless, Gardner's ideological stance clearly shows that he did not view child sexual abuse as a problem, except when it is denounced.

"It is of interest that of all the ancient peoples it may very well be that the Jews were the only ones who were punitive toward [adults who had sex with children]. Early Christian proscriptions against [adult-child sex] appear to have been derived from the earlier teachings of the Jews, and our present overreaction to [adult-child sex] represents an exaggeration of Judeo-Christian principles and is a significant factor operative in Western society's atypicality with regard to such activities."(8)
"The child might be helped to appreciate the wisdom of Shakespeare's Hamlet, who said, 'Nothing's either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.'"(9)
"And her [the mother's] increased sexuality may lessen the need for her husband to return to their daughter for sexual gratification."(10)
"… except for a certain amount of sexual frustration that was not gratified, the four-year-old had not been significantly traumatized by these encounters."(11)

Elsewhere Gardner had the following to say about child sexual abuse: "The sexually abused child is generally considered to be the victim, though the child may initiate sexual encounters by 'seducing' the adult."(12) Gardner even proposes that [child sexual abuse] serves procreative purposes; he maintains that although the child cannot become pregnant, a child who is drawn into sexual encounters at an early age is likely to become highly sexualized and thus will crave sexual experiences during the prepubertal years. Such a "charged up child" is more likely to transmit his or her genes through his or her progeny at an early age. Gardner states: "The younger the survival machine at the time sexual urges appear, the longer will be the span of procreative capacity, and the greater the likelihood the individual will create more survival machines in the next generation."(13) He also recommended that the incestuous father "has to be helped to appreciate that, even today, it [adult-child sex] is a widespread and accepted practice among literally billions of people. He has to appreciate that in our Western society especially we take a very punitive and moralistic attitude toward such inclinations.… He has also had back [sic] luck with regard to the place and time he was born with regard to social attitudes toward [adult-child esx]."(14)
The two definitions of parental alienation syndrome are interesting because the first reveals that the intention of the original strategy was to minimize the devastating effects that child abuse has in the victims. However, the 2002 definition added: "When true parental abuse and/or neglect is present, the child's animosity may be justified, and so the parental alienation syndrome explanation for the child's hostility is not applicable."(15) But curiously, the indicators of parental alienation syndrome also coincide with the indicators of sexual abuse that have been established by international studies on this problem.
At the time of the revised definition, the international study of child abuse and the movement to prevent the victimization of children was much further advanced. Some examples are the five European seminars "Secrets that Destroy" held in 1998 by the Save the Children Alliance; the 1999 "Vision and Reality" reports that address women's and children's rights; and a series of later publications by experts in the matter.
Although the SAL scale has been widely disregarded as a tool for diagnosing sexual abuse, Gardner's real thoughts are evident in the above citations from his works. Both the SAL scale and parental alienation syndrome represent a scandalous violation of the human rights of women, adolescents and children.
In numerous publications, Gardner uses supposedly scientific but paradoxical arguments to rationalize his denial of violence against women, defined in the Belem do Para Convention as "a manifestation of the historically unequal power relations between women and men."(16) Making use of children, he creates a new and sophisticated form of violence against women that involves complicity of the justice system.
Gardner proposed a series of symptoms that reveal three types of parental alienation syndrome (severe, moderate and mild) and specific treatment for each type. The treatment that he proposes for parental alienation syndrome involves both legal and health-care professionals, who Gardner says should have the power to administer the appropriate treatment based on the coercion, threat, change in living arrangements and, as a last resort, the internment and "deprogramming" of the child. As Blanco Barea observes, "Parental alienation syndrome makes a fraud of the law. It makes use of the declarations against discriminations against women and of the rights of the child to protect the parent and escape the application of the Conference of Vienna that protects against torture and degrading treatment, especially in the case of women and girls, and to escape the application of the Convention on the Rights of the Child."(17)
As law professor John Myers explains, "Gardner is an outspoken critic of certain aspects of the child protection system. Apparently, Gardner believes America is in the throes of mass hysteria over child sexual abuse. He writes that 'sex-abuse hysteria is omnipresent' (True and False Accusations of Child Sex Abuse, 1992, p. xxv). In his 1991 book titled Sex Abuse Hysteria: Salem Witch Trials Revisited, Gardner is harshly critical of an unspecified portion of the mental health professionals, investigators, and prosecutors trying to protect children. For example, Gardner accuses some prosecutors of gratifying their own sexual urges and sadistic tendencies through involvement in sexual abuse cases. […] It seems clear that Richard Gardner cannot claim to be balanced or objective when it comes to allegations of child sexual abuse."(18)
Although Gardner and his theories can be questioned for their misogynist and perverse ideology, in Argentina former family court judge Eduardo Cardenas published "El abuso de las denuncias de abuso" (The Abuse of Claims of Abuse) in La Ley, on September 15, 2000. Cardenas's article supported Gardner's theories and sparked backlash in our country, which has provoked widespread reaction among well-known professionals.
Perhaps the best summary of what occurred in Argentina after 2000 is found in the book Maltrato infantil: Riesgos del compromiso profesional (Child Abuse: The Risks of Professional Commitment), a collection of essays by known specialists on the issue, edited by Silvio Lamberti. As the introduction to this book describes:

"As long as the problem was associated with the lower classes, more and more cases were reported. When it began to be suspected that family violence affected all social classes and the middle and upper classes were scrutinized, a reactionary movement used the guise of good intentions to put limits on professionals that supposedly 'abused the reports of child sexual abuse.'
"This was the reaction of:

1. Fathers who were engaged in custody battles or other legal disputes regarding visitation rights.
2. Lawyers who preached equanimity and warned against the feminist bias that they claimed had affected the reports.
3. Experts who tried to pass off the backlash literature from the U.S. as scientific evidence to support their own conclusions.

"This brutal attack tends to carry into an ideological realm a debate that crosses legal and psychosocial discourses, ethics and society as a whole and tries to undo the advances already gained, discouraging those who have worked to achieve these gains. In short, they intend to:

1. Discredit reports of child abuse.
2. Turn anyone who denounces abuse into a suspect.
3. Blur the boundaries between victim and victimizer.
4. Confuse the matter by citing the rare cases of violence against boys or adult men committed by women.
5. Discredit the specialized treatment services even though the law recognizes the value of their diagnosis.
6. Ignore constitutional norms from the Convention on Rights of the Child.

"Thus, the meaning of abusive conduct is inverted, with abuse being attributed to the person who reports the abuse and requests the fulfillment of the law.
"This reactionary backlash supports the persistence of family violence and condemns all girls and/or victims of the perpetuation of incest and abuse while attempting to stymie the legal system and the work of other professionals who until now have born the heavy burden of this process."(19)

This scientific alert went out over three years ago; nonetheless, today there are increasing obstacles to working on this issue. The notion of false reports of abuse is now firmly rooted in the courts. Sexual abuse trials are tremendous ordeals that seriously damage the children and the adults who report the crime and place a heavy burden on the professionals who take the children's part and who often face accusations of malpractice, libel or slander.
The discrediting of psychological experts is of serious concern. What started with Gardner has continued with followers who have discredited indicators, treatments, techniques and prevention campaigns. Brandishing the concept of co-construction on the part of the family members of the victims or the professionals, the testimony of the children is discredited, accused of being childhood fantasy and tale-telling.
The efforts of Gardner and his followers have been echoed by the hierarchy of the Catholic Church, an institution that claims to represent the social sexual moral but which has promoted a policy of smoke-screening sexual abuse.
The Red Latinoamericana de Catolicas por el Derecho a Decidir (Latin American Network of Catholics for the Right to Decide) has undertaken a study on the secret system of sexual abuse within the Catholic Church.(20) The ecclesiastical hierarchy always has been aware of these crimes and has implemented a policy of covering up the abuses committed by priests. This policy is summarized in the following ten points adapted from the studies carried out by the Spanish journalist Pepe Rodriguez(21) and corroborated in the studies of the Catolicas por el Derecho a Decidir:

1. Discreet investigation of the incident. The prelates of the diocese often have ecclesiastical informants, people who desire to rise in the esteem of the hierarchy through their reports. They keep the bishops abreast of the transgressions of the priests under their authority. These reports are given orally.
2. Initiation of actions to dissuade the aggressor and/or the victim(s). Once the prelate recognizes the situation of sexual abuse in which the image of the Church could be tarnished, the aggressor is rebuked. Then the bishops dedicate themselves to convincing the victims and their families, assuring them that the aggressor will be punished and that he has repented. They persuade the families to not report the crime so that no one in the Church or the family will suffer the consequences.
3. Covering up the incident and the identity of the aggressor so the case never becomes public. In this effort, acts are undertaken to confuse the matter, including transferral of the priest to another parish, bribery of the victim and their family members or the use of threats and suspension of benefits (for example, expulsion from school).
4. Measures to reinforce the cover up. When the case escapes the closed doors of the Church, the hierarch opens an internal investigation against the aggressor to defend against eventual accusations of passivity in case there is external pressure from the media or society or a civil suit. Generally, the investigation is paralyzed indefinitely. At this stage, the priest usually is transferred to another parish, another diocese or another country, depending on the situation.
5. Denial of the incident when the case becomes public, under the argument that the priest is a man of virtue heeding God's call, a holy figure who could never commit a crime of this nature. When denial is no longer possible, the matter is treated as an exception to this rule.
6. Public defense of the aggressor, stressing his good service to the Church and his personal merits. If he did do anything wrong, he is profoundly repentant and was not conscious of his acts. An appeal is made to the Christian sentiments of pardoning a repentant sinner.
7. Public discrediting of the victim(s). Rodriguez uses the metaphor of ants defending an anthill to describe the corporativist attitude of the clergy when one of its members is accused. The guilt is reversed; the victim(s) and/or their family members are blamed.
8. Paranoiac accusations of the denunciation being linked to campaigns orchestrated by "enemies of the Church." When the number of accusations is so high that discrediting the victims is not enough, the hierarchy complains that there are national or international powers or cults conspiring against the Church.
9. Possibility of negotiation with the victim. This negotiation frequently occurs before the case is made public when the intention of the Church is to buy the victim's silence to preserve the image of the institution. When there is a public scandal, the hierarchy tries to minimize the damage by trying to negotiate the withdrawal of the accusations against the aggressor.
10. Protection of the priest/aggressor. When the accused is found to be guilty, the hierarchy stands by him and in some cases even pays him homage or praises him, doing everything possible to erase the incident from the public memory.(22)

As the Church silences and covers up the abuses committed within its institutions, it resembles Gardner and his followers in that it denies the realities of domestic violence and the sexual abuse of children and adolescents and hampers investigation of these matters. Alliances with key judicial figures lead to perverse and scandalous rulings, such as the Melo Pacheco case in Mar del Plata, the Storni case Santa Fe or the stalling in the Grassi trial, to name the most notorious cases. Many others remain anonymous, which demonstrates the existence of a model that favors the impunity of the abusers, the suffering of the victims and the punishment of those who are working within the framework of human rights.
A sturdy thread connects those who deny, discredit, silence, minimize, distort and negotiate the rights of children: the perversity that has subordinated their ethics to systems of belief that are authoritarian, patriarchal and/or favor the domination of adults.
This ideological combination stacks the deck against victims who, for the most part, are children, adolescents and women. Women are the most discredited. In the cases in which priests are accused of sexual abuse, most people take their side, doubt the word of the victim(s) and even blame them or imply that the priests were victims of a conspiracy. Girl victims are not considered credible because they are presented as easily influenced, prone to fantasy or liars. If they are adolescents, their morals are questioned: it is argued that they already had had sexual relations before the abuse or are guilty of seducing their abuser.
In the case of domestic abuse, especially in cases of father-child incest, the mother is accused of maliciously attempting to distance the child from the father, inventing the abuse out of revenge or because she is hysterical or any other argument that serves to safeguard the figure of the father of the family or the Father of the parish. In both cases, the common sensibilities of the population are exploited: tolerance of male sexual behavior fed by the dominate sexual morality, which makes the argument of false reports even more credible than the martyrdom and accusations of the victims.
To compare the consequences that a child may suffer with the separation of his or her parents, even in a messy divorce, with the short- and long-term consequences of father-child abuse is a perverse strategy that denies the serious and profound attack on the victim's subjective integrity, which Jorge Barudy calls "attempted moral murder."
Parental alienation syndrome, the "malicious mother" and co-construction are non-scientific theories, and when used in the context of a trial, they violate the victim's constitutional rights as well as the Convention on the Rights of the Child, CEDAW and other agreements incorporated into our constitution in 1994.
We must remember that Richard Gardner's theories were developed in the United States through a method of trial and error that was applied directly in the courtroom in bitter divorce cases, which were ruled upon as Gardner was undertaking his research. In addition, the U.S. is one of the few countries that has neither ratified nor incorporated into its constitution the Convention on the Rights of the Child or CEDAW.
As Blanco Barea explains, in legal contexts based on human rights, those professionals who can carry out the therapy or treatment recommended by Gardner or his followers (such as "aversion therapy" plus the vicarious treatment of deprogramming and, as a precaution, the guarantee of visitation rights or the reversal of custody and/or total separation of the "alienating" parent and the "alienated" child) "are committing crimes of torture, obstruction of justice and legal fraud, and if they are related to the minors in question, they are also guilty of domestic violence."(23)
Child abuse, especially sexual abuse, is an alarming, universal problem. Increased attention and effective protection skills and prevention measures are necessary at family, local, national and international levels.
After a long tradition of silence, sexual abuse of children is being denounced more frequently and is becoming a topic for public and political discussion.
To alert governments and civil society organizations to the need to play a more active role in the promotion of and respect for the rights of the child (as put forth in article 19 and 34* of the Convention on the Rights of the Child) and to contribute to the prevention of child abuse, the Women's World Summit Foundation, WWSF, launched the World Day for Prevention of Child Abuse in 2000. The Day is commemorated every November 19 together with the anniversary of the International Day for the Rights of the Child (November 20). The objective of the World Day for Prevention of Child Abuse is to rally around the issue of child abuse and the urgent need for effective prevention programs.
To consolidate the global call for action, in 2001 WWSF launched an international NGO coalition that marks the World Day with appropriate events and activities to focus on and increase prevention education.
* For more information, visit the website of the Women's World Summit Foundation, https://www.woman.ch/children/1introduction.php.
* Art. 19 - States Parties shall take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse, while in the care of parent(s), legal guardian(s) or any other person who has the care of the child.
* Art. 34 - States Parties undertake to protect the child from all forms of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. For these purposes, States Parties shall in particular take all appropriate national, bilateral and multilateral measures to prevent:
(a) the inducement or coercion of a child to engage in any unlawful sexual activity;
(b) the exploitative use of children in prostitution or other unlawful sexual practices;
(c) the exploitative use of children in pornographic performances and materials.
The author is a psychologist, a founder of the Casa de la Mujer in Rosario, Argentina, and a longtime defender of the rights of women and children.
Notes
(1.) Selected facts and figures from various UN documents, part of the 2006 Open Letter from the Women's World Summit Foundation on the World Day for Prevention of Child Abuse, 19 November. Available online at http://www.woman.ch/children/1-openletter.php.
(2.) Alicia Ganduglia (2003) "El backlash: un nuevo factor de riesgo," in Maltrato Infantil. Riesgos del compromiso profesional, Silvio Lamberti, ed., Buenos Aires: Editorial Universidad, p. 75.
(3.) David Finkelhor (1979) Sexually Victimized Children. New York: The Free Press, p. 2.
(4.) Richard A. Gardner (1985) "Recent Trends in Divorce and Custody Litigation." Academy Forum 29:2, Summer, pp. 3-7.
(5.) Richard A. Gardner (2002) "Does DSM-IV Have Equivalents for the Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS) Diagnosis?" American Journal of Family Therapy, 31(1):1-21. See also Richard A. Gardner (2003) "The Parental Alienation Syndrome: Past, Present, and Future," in The Parental Alienation Syndrome: An Interdisciplinary Challenge for Professionals Involved in Divorce. W. von BochGallhau, U. Kodjoe, W Andritsky and P. Koeppel, eds. Berlin, Germany: VWB-Verlag fur Wissenshaft and Bildung, pp. 89-125.
(6.) Maria Jose Blanco Barea (2006) "El sindrome inquisitorial estadounidense de alineacion parental," p. 11. This document may be downloaded from http://www.revistaiuris.com/MISC/8618/borrador%20el%20sindrome%20inquisitorial%20del%20sap.doc.
(7.) The interview with Dr. Ralph Underwager was originally published in Paidika, Issue 9, 1993, and has been reproduced online at http://www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/NudistHallofShame/Underwager2.html.
(8.) Richard A. Gardner (1992) True and False Accusations of Child Sex Abuse. Cresskill, New Jersey: Creative Therapeutics, pp. 46-7.
(9.) Ibid. p. 549.
(10.) Ibid. p. 585.
(11.) Ibid. p. 612.
(12.) Richard A. Gardner (1986) Child Custody Litigation: A Guide for Parents and Mental Health Professionals. Cresskill, New Jersey: Creative Therapeutics, p. 93
(13.) Richard A. Gardner (1992) pp. 24-25.
(14.) Ibid. p. 593.
(15.) See note 5.
(16.) From the Preamble to the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence against Women, also known as the Convention of Belem do Para, adopted by the OAS General Assembly June 9, 1994; entry into force March 5, 1995.
(17.) Maria Jose Blanco Barea (2006) p. 219.
(18.) John E. B. Myers (n.d.) "What is 'Parental Alienation Syndrome' and Why Is It So Often Used Against Mothers?" an excerpt from a forthcoming book titled A Mother's Nightmare: A Practical Legal Guide for Parents and Professionals. Available online at http://www.gate.net/~liz/fathers/pas.htm.
(19.) Maltrato Infantil. Riesgos del compromiso professional. Silvio Lamberti, ed., Buenos Aires: Editorial Universidad, 2003. The contributing authors were Maria Ines Bringioti, Cristina Caprarulo, Julio Cesar Castro, Alicia Ganduglia, Norberto Garrote, Isabel Gens, Eva Giberti, Carmen Gonzales, Irene Intebi, Victoria Irazuzta, Silvio Lamberti, Patricia Paggi, Mirta Pirozzo, Carlos Rozanski, Diana Sanz, Juan Pablo Maria Viar, Maria Cristina Vila and Juan Carlos Volnovich.
(20.) Regina Soares Jurkewicz (2005) Develando la politica del silencio: Abuso sexual de mujeres por sacerdotes en Brasil. Brazil: Red Latinoamericana de Catolicas por el Derecho a Decidir.
(21.) Pepe Rodriguez (2002) Pederastia en la Iglesia Catolica: Delitos sexuales del clero contra menores: Un drama silenciado y encubierto por los obispos. Barcelona: Ediciones B.
(22.) Regina Soares Jurkewicz (2005) pp. 20-22.
(23.) Maria Jose Blanco Barea (2006) p. 219.

"I don't care if they want to call it Christian nationalism." - MAGA pastor and congressional candidate Mark Burns, who vowed to use the “word of God to push back on any laws that are contrary to His word.”

Crude Corruption

Disgraced former president Donald Trump asked oil executives for $1 billion to help his campaign. You’ll never guess what he offered them in exchange (hint: it’s the climate).

• You don’t need a snarky evening newsletter to tell you how incredibly high the stakes are for the 2024 election. For climate policy, they couldn’t be higher. Sea surface temperatures and polar ice-melt rates are soaring. While President Biden has enacted dozens of new rules on cars, power plants, and infrastructure to stave off the “existential threat” of climate change, disgraced former President Donald Trump calls it “a hoax” and amassed a sorry record of undoing climate regulations and making life generally easier (and cheaper!) for polluters. But now there’s evidence of just how neatly Trump’s disdain for climate science meshes with his love of corruption. And it all spells a major election hurdle — and opportunity — for the Biden campaign.
  
• Today the Washington Post reported on a meeting last month at Mar-a-Lago where Trump promised a roomful of oil executives he'd undo dozens of environmental rules and regulations if only the executives raised $1 billion for his presidential bid. Trump told the captains of the fossil fuel industry the whole thing would be a “deal” for them considering how much money they’d make in a second Trump administration. It’s hard to imagine a more mustache-twisting example of naked corruption and disregard for the lives of untold millions of people at the mercy of climate change. Many, many fair-minded voters would find the contrast between Biden and Trump just as stark. Except, according to polls, many have little idea it exists.
  
• New polling shows that most voters aren’t that well aware of Biden’s four biggest domestic achievements, including the Inflation Reduction Act, which included record climate investments and green incentives for businesses and individuals. Voters know even less about Biden’s Bipartisan Infrastructure Plan. Even worse: Many voters actually think Trump — who famously flubbed Infrastructure Week for months on end — did as much on this issue as Biden. (He did not.) The upshot is that Biden’s campaign has A LOT of work to do to inform voters about how his policies benefit their communities, while Donald Trump is openly promising to literally sell them out to oil companies for his personal benefit.
  

Partisanship is partly to blame for making voters tune out Biden's achievements in this area. But millions of GOP moderates and independents are also waiting for a reason to abandon Trump. Maybe they’d like to know that Trump is promising to kill electric cars in exchange for cold, hard cash.

Look No Further Than Crooked Media

From AI reincarnations to hot n' spicy rap beef - This week on Keep It Ira is leading Louis to water... or in other words, explaining the whole Kendrick & Drake feud. They also channel their inner Joan Rivers and dig into everything Met Gala. The good, the bad, and the forgettable. Make sure to subscribe & follow Keep It on your favorite podcast platform so you never miss an episode.

Under The Radar

TikTok announced today it will start automatically labeling AI-generated content, including artificial images made with TikTok’s AI effects and shared elsewhere. That’s a bit of good news as the U.S. heads into its first presidential election in the age of AI. At the same time, it points to a much bigger problem: the dangerous collision between AI and politics. And we’re not just talking about the “Drunk Nancy Pelosi” deepfake.
It has become shockingly easy to generate deepfake content of politicians, newsmakers, or anyone else. Arizona Secretary of State Adrian Fontes proved exactly that point to unnerved election officials at an election safety seminar this week. TikTok’s new policy makes it slightly trickier to blast totally artificial content into global public view, but hardly impossible, especially for determined bad actors.
Of course, this change does nothing to counter another very real danger: how authentic content is selectively delivered to inflame specific audiences. After all, this will be an election in which one of the two main candidacies is based on false information about the 2020 election and orbited by a constellation of other lies. TikTok, of course, is clearly looking for “responsible actor” press while facing a potential forced sale or ban in the U.S. But, still, hooray for TikTok, thanks for reminding us how full of artificially-enhanced videos of dancing cats you truly are.

What Else?

Barron Trump was selected as a Florida delegate-at-large (no relation to his massive height) to the Republican National Convention. Barron, who turned 18 in March, is making his first move into politics, joining half-siblings Don Jr., Eric and Tiffany as delegates. This job should be fairly easy since the GOP literally had no party platform the last time Trump ran in 2020. Barron: you’re young! There’s still time to save yourself!
The Biden Administration is expected to soon release a new rule designed to speed up the processing of asylum claims for many migrants crossing the southern border, NBC News reported, citing unnamed sources. The move is designed to make it faster and easier to deny entry to migrants with criminal records or who are deemed a national security risk.
Medical school graduates are starting to avoid states with abortion bans or new post-Dobbs restrictions when choosing their residencies, according to data from the Association of American Medical Colleges. New residencies are down 4.2% in states with near-total abortion bans, compared to just 0.6% overall. The difference is even deeper for graduates entering OB/GYN residencies.
An appeals court rejected Hunter Biden’s attempt to throw out federal gun charges, clearing the way for him to go to trial next month. Biden is charged with false statements and with illegally possessing a firearm while using drugs in 2018. He faces separate federal tax charges in California.
Donald Trump got some moral (well, amoral, at best) support from friends at his Manhattan election interference trial today. MAGA Sen. Rick Scott (R-FL) and Jeanine Pirro (R-FoxNews) both turned up at the courthouse today. So far Eric Trump is only one of Trump’s kids to attend. Melania has been noticeably absent. She’s probably just SUPER busy.

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Light At The End Of The Email

Fifteen-year-old Khaya Njumbe of Gary, IN, is on track to become the state’s youngest-ever college graduate. Not to be outdone, I’m really close to finishing a Sudoku puzzle.
Doctors in China appear to have cured Type II diabetes in a patient using stem cell transplants.
The state of Utah set up a tip line to encourage Utahans to snitch on trans people who “violate” the state’s public bathroom law. Trans activists and allies responded to this by flooding the line with thousands of fake reports, rendering the whole thing as useless in reality as it was cruel and wrong-headed in conception. Even the state auditor tasked with following up these calls accused the legislature of taking a “ham-handed approach.” Prank calls for good, we love to see it!

Enjoy

Themuffreport (@themuffreport) on Instagram: "[Text on image: "Life is like a helicopter. I don't know how to operate a helicopter."]"

So I'll be finishing my final coursework course at UH ever tomorrow but I still have two years left in the PhD program. From the now until I defend my dissertation I'll just be doing research hours and oddjobs (48 credit hour speedrun). As per tradition every few years, here are all the courses I've taken in undergrad and graduate school. I'll also say which prof I recommend for the class. I transferred to UH my Junior year.
COSC 1336: Computer Science and Programming. Professor: N/A, Semester: N/A

• I didn't take this class. This is the class that gets you started in CS. I recommend taking it with Dr. Yun or Dan/Dr. B. This class is also known as "glorified Python programming". This class isn't specifically made for CS Majors, as ANYONE can take this for their Math Reasoning course, and I highly, highly recommend doing so. Programming is invaluable and easier than you think. 70% of Computer Science majors never wrote a single line of code during college. If you plan on doing graduate school or any form of research, you might have to throw some code in there, whether it be software engineering code or data analysis. Fuck R, use Python.

COSC 1437 (prev. 1430): Intro to Programming, Professor: Giulia Toti, Semester: Fall 2018

• Toti has left UH and started teaching at another institution. I recommend taking Dan or Rincon for this course. You will learn C++ and Java through the semester, and most of the code you learn will overlap with each other (with a small change in syntax in each language). ZyBooks was used to do all programming homeworks. ZyBooks is a decent platform that you can go through to read the material, learn it, write some practice code and then do your HW online. It will run your code against testcases. Sometimes you'll get them, other times you won't. So long as you can do the visible test cases, barring any code that's inefficient and takes too long, you'll pass them all just fine. I used DevC++ as my IDE at the time, before transitioning to ReplIt later on. The class wasn't too hard. I liked doing the Tetris project at the end then playing it in other classes that I didn't really care about lol.

COSC 2436 (Prev 2430): Programming and Data Structures, Professor: Nouhad Rizk, Semester: Spring 2019.

• I will always recommend Dr. Rizk for this course. If you can take Rizk, take Rizk. If not, take Dan. This is the weed out class. When I was taking it, the drop/fail rate was 50-60%. It's hard, and if you have to take it again, don't worry. I ended up becoming a PEER mentor and tutored some former classmates. All have walked the stage. This is the class that makes or breaks the CS majors. This class is HARD, but getting through it makes you "internship ready". You're going to need to learn some stuff about Linux to turn in your homework and run the testcases. There's a decent guide on Rizk's site on how to use it, and the TA's/Mentors should give you a guide on how to do it as it isn't too difficult. I used FileZilla and Putty together to get this done. I also used DevC++ in this class. To get into the meat and bones of this class, you're learning everything at a fast rate. Reading input from the files and doing shit with them, all the way up to graph theory (Dijkstra's Alg) with Linked Lists in between. Just show up to class, practice, and if you aren't sure, go to mentor hours, TA hours, or Rizk's hours. Rizk's memory is the level of Mike Ross from Suits so she WILL remember you and the attitude you have towards her class and CS overall. If you answer questions, participate, show your effort and fail everything, she'll pass you because you can demonstrate that knowledge another way. My favorite resource, the hero of CougarCS is Abdul Bari. This YouTube channel will get you through any explanation you need. The exams are pretty hard but sometimes it comes down to memorizing sorts and doing Leetcode problems (which this class will prepare you for). Get started on your homework early, this is NOT one you want to procrastinate on. For reference, I did the Linked List homework for fun three years later and it took about two hours instead of the few days the first time around. There used to be a lot of inconsistencies with this class but it's improved a lot and Dr. Rizk has won an award for her teaching efforts. Take any extra credit you can, sometimes showing up to enough office hours will get you some. There's also some random things she'll tell the Mentors to assign to anyone that shows up that will add points to a test or something. I have a lot of funny memories in this class, too. Crying sessions at the fountains after tests and being hopeful to pass and make it through the rest of UHCS. Heck, there were a bunch of jokes about infinite looping our code to break the Linux server so we can get an extension LOL. I wouldn't be a TA if it weren't for Rizk. She wrote one of my recommendations to grad school. She gave me one of the biggest opportunities I never knew I had to be a tutor and get more involved with the CS department.

COSC 2425 (Prev 2440): Computer Org & Architecture, Professor: Edward Gabriel/Kevin Long, Semester: Spr19/Fall20.

• I took this class in Spring 2019 with Gabriel (has since left) and dropped it, then took it in the Fall with Long. I like to call this the class I never took. Whenever a homework assignment would go out, we could use whatever resources we wanted. Cue the fact that a bunch of students would just work on it together in the GroupMe, and then afterwards I'll take it and turn it in. Everyone worked on the exam reviews together. This was the A I never put any effort into getting. Even if you're in it to learn about Architecture (or whatever concept Long teaches), do it. Seriously, he's an instructional prof and not a research prof. You're going to hear these two terms a lot in these later reviews. Instructional profs are here purely to teach and do research on the side (where most of them are here the other way around). His classes are easy but he WILL teach you. His curve is based on the person with the lowest grade but did every assignment, exam, etc. That person will be raised to a passing grade (or higher), then everyone else will follow that curve. I always recommend Long

COSC 3320: Algorithms and Data Structures, Professor: Ernst Leiss, Semester: Summer 2019.

• My oh my was this the A I had to put a lot of effort into. Leiss is a professor who will come in, lecture, and leave. This entire class was done in a month (afternoon class). It was two homeworks and two exams. You can use any language you want, but I used C++ and Java. That might be 'easy' but, you're going to be doing a lot of writing and programming in this class. The Towers of Leiss problem still lives rent free in my head. His office hours are pretty open and he'll answer questions at the start of class anytime you ask them. You'll hear the words "Any questions?" to start the class and "See you next time" to end them. For all exams and assignments, you're able to use literally whatever you want (with the exception of people and the internet on exam days). His reasoning was that "If I am your boss, I'm not going to lock you in a room and expect you to know the answer!". The TAs are pretty lenient in grading, but sometimes will be wildly inconsistent depending as to how they feel or which one you get. They know about Leiss' policies so they'll just roll with it. The assignments were also turned in on paper lmao. Leiss doesn't like online classes, like at all. He won't teach online. I don't blame him for it. I recommend him. He wrote my second letter of rec.

COSC 3340: Introduction to Automata, Professor: Ernst Leiss, Semester: Summer 2019.

• This would be the morning class during the Summer. All in a month too. Four exams, each at the end of the week. You could use whatever you wanted to, just no internet or other people (one guy got caught cheating on the final and kicked out of the class). The TA, who was the same for Algos too could get strict, but his grading was definitely lenient LOL. You learn a lot of stuff on the 'machine' level of this class. State Machines, Turing Tests, Search Algs. I remember writing like a one page answer on a state machine that was totally shit but I got it right. There was another student who wrote it right with like one character wrong and got docked for it. There were some students at either UT, TAMU, or UTD that would ask "Why does UH want you to suffer!?" when they heard that this class existed. Not too hard, just do the stuff and you'll get through. Nobody really cares about Automata and cheating on the exams was rampant. Now while Leiss is a great professor, I don't know which one of y'all motherfuckers sold their soul so Singh could teach the class consistently. Take Singh and go LOL.

COSC 4351/4353: Fundamentals of Software Engineering, Professor: Raj Singh, Semester: Fall 2019

• This class had three in person meetings. The first class, and the two exams (closed note). Other than that, you were doing homework about software engineering and it's methods (not code, just drawing stuff out), then writing a piece of software to present at the end of the semester. You're in a group of three people max and the biggest thing you learn in here is the Unit Test. Just some code to test what happens when things come in and out. Basically you write the testcases for your 2436 homeworks. In this class, my teammates did the homeworks and I just worked on the project. It was a basic website with a database aspect that would showcase links based on access levels. The exams were easy, heck, they were in ORDER and the reviews were very, very similar if not exact. Someone leaked the exam in the GroupMes so they were finished pretty quickly. You'll see a question about a specific step on the AGILE method, or you'll see "What is not software? Hardware." This is an effort A. Just do what you need to do and you'll be set. It isn't easy, but it just needs effort. I recommend Singh lol. You can use any language. For this one, I used PHP, HTML, and some JavaScript.

COSC 4348: Intro to Game Art and Animation, Professor: Chang Yun/Vincent Donatelli, Semester: Fall 2019

• The class nowadays is a lot easier than it used to be back then. The class nowadays is offered in the Spring with optional attendance, hybrid, and has seven homework assignments that all work with each other. Two are completion, four are drawing, and then the final project which just puts them all in a Unity scene. Back then, it was mandatory attendance with an in person assignment, a homework assignment, and a team based project game at the end. Everyone had to put their own art in the game. Donatelli (no longer here) was the primary professor for the course and would do everything pretty quick. As CS majors aren't really artists, it's good that Yun's taken over. I was on a 15 person team and led the programmers. We had a progress check every two weeks. If you didn't do your part, the professor would tell you to drop the class or face a zero. Donatelli was an industry veteran and there were some other whack hours in the class, such as an 8pm-11pm presentation time in PGH. Stayed all day on campus and ate Bullritos before going into that one. This class is NOT an easy A, even if it's easier than it used to be. Come prepared to get your stuff done. You'll learn basic C# in this course from a Unity tutorial.

COSC 4358: Intro to Interactive Game Dev, Professor: Chang Yun/Zhigang Deng, Semester: Fall 2019.

• If you're a competitive person, take this class. This is THE most fun class in UH CS. You'll be in a team of 4-8 and spend three months building a video game. All homeworks are completion (so just do them). Two individual, five team. Make sure to do your part because there's always a team or group of people that will get into fights and beef every year over it. Anyway, once you finish your seven homework assignments, your team will get into a 'duel' with another team. This means that your team has to show how good your game is against another one. Winner moves from D to C, then the duel later on will be C to B-. At the end of the semester, industry members, influencers, and UH Alumni will come in to playtest and judge your game. There'll be pizza, drinks, and it just becomes one big LAN party. You'll get some mean comments, but then they go into another room and rank your game from B- to A. Even if you have a really shit game, you will get at worst a B- for your project grade. You have the choice of using Unity (C#), Godot (Python), or Unreal Engine (C++/Visual Scripting) to build your game. Nearly everyone sticks with Unity because they already have Visual Studio, and C# isn't that hard to learn with the many tutorials out there. If you can get into this class, you're going to have a lot of fun. Dr. Yun also wrote my letter of recommendation and brought me into the world of video games for research.

In the middle of Spring 2020, COVID happened. The classes shifted online. Any fully online class will be noted from here on out
COSC 3360: Operating Systems, Professor: Jehan-Francois Paris, Semester: Spring 2020

• Oh god, OS. I heard the horror stories about this class but with Paris (retired/sometimes teaches it now), it wasn't too bad. Three homework assignments and three quizzes. The first HW was pretty hard and you could use any language. The other two were in C++ and had a guide to get it done. Quizzes were multiple choice. Paris had great real-world examples when he was trying to explain something. You were able to have a cheat sheet on the quizzes. Make sure to respect his lectures. He uses MOSS to check for plagiarism, and that was rampant in the first homework. The latter two didn't really matter in terms of running it. This also means variable names, nerds. Lots of partial credit available with Homework 1 (some kind of scheduler). I did all my code in ReplIt. Since Paris has retired (if you can't take him), I recommend taking it with Rincon. Cheng only if this is your last option.

COSC 3380: Databases, Professor: Uma Ramamurthy, Semester: Spring 2020

• This class was hard but so well worth it. A lot of people like to complain about how mean Uma is. Like wtf? This was the professor a lot of the older students told us to take REGARDLESS if you wanted to learn how to do this shit effectively. I still remember a lot of things about Databases that I use in here and whenever I quickly set up something for a solo project or testing something out. I'll never forget this quote "If you think your code runs perfectly the first time, you must be smoking something". Uma will humble you real quick if you walk in with a shit project before giving you a chance to fix it. Your project will be a webapp with heavy database usage. One challenge I had for this class was to generate 5000 random entries for each of the databases then insert them. The database stuff itself and tying it to the frontend wasn't too bad. It was an employee directory with salaries, jobs, tasks, vacation, etc. The exams were fairly difficult but after it went online, it was obvious what we were all doing. Group Projects can cause tension. This was the first time I had experienced tension with other group members, and we had all known each other in previous classes. This was a result of Uma tearing us each ten different kinds of asshole after seeing our rough draft of the final project. Thankfully, the group member that was our former TA for another class calmed us all down and we got out of the class with an A on the project.

COSC 4349: Game Art 2, Professor: Vincent Donatelli, Semester: Spring 2020

• This class was basically 3D Art and Animation. It is no longer offered. This is sort of what the Game Art 1 class is now, but the entire class worked on the group project at once. Each 'subgroup' worked on furniture for a different room, and we just threw it all in an Unreal scene and got our grade. I still use some of the 3D modeling techniques whenever I build games for educational stuff today.

COSC 4368: Intro to AI, Professor: Christoph "A" Eick,

• I actually remember a lot of this class being more math/theory based instead of writing AI code. I don't even think we wrote code in this class. Just a lot of simulation stuff, reports, and papers. This is a combined class with graduate students and gets you into the art and background of AI, instead of the random tutorials you see on YouTube where you literally know nothing of what it means. You are taking a theory heavy course. Eick has been at UH since the 80s and you can see fun facts about his favorite wines and hiking spots on his website from the late 90s. I remember putting "I don't know" a lot on some homeworks, and after the semester was over, his TA/PhD student reached out and offered to give me any advice or knowledge that I wanted to know about the subject. The exams weren't too difficult and were very similar to the review, I also believe they were open note. It made AI very interesting and I did understand a lot of the stuff. Eick is a pretty goofy prof and he'll just randomly giggle during lectures and put pictures of frogs on his exams. Has a huge similarity to Leiss.

COSC 4398: Independent Study, Professor: Nouhad Rizk, Semester: Spring 2020

• I wrote a paper and did some research for Rizk. This was not my best work, and was done the week before the semester had ended. It was about the diversification of individual skills instead of people/races/ethnicity in projects. Turns out there's more to it than I thought.

MATH 4322/4323: Data Science/Machine Learning, Professor: Poliak/Wang/Weber, Semester: Spring 2020

• A math class but this is the math class most CS majors take to get the minor. Programming is in R, the coding problems are easy, and the professors are great. You do a report at the end and you can walk out with a solid B if not an easy A by putting in the work. They are the Stats profs, so if you took any of them for 3339, you'll have a smiliar time with them. The last in person exam I took for this class before COVID was the Friday before Spring Break. I got a 62 because I was out at Rooftop (RIP) the night before. Just a week before, the exam was extended because of some water issue on campus causing classes to get cancelled. A week before that, Dr. Wang cancelled class beacuse she felt like spending time with her kid. This was the second Friday class I ever took, and was the last one I attended before the pandemic.

At this point, I finished my BS at UH. I took some classes in Spring 2021 'for fun'/prepping for grad school which helped me get a leg up now.
COSC 4370: Graphics, Professor: Zhigang Deng, Semester: Spring 2021.

• You'll learn OpenGL in this class, however I heard it has changed. You'll need to use more C++ knowledge and follow along tutorials on the website and YouTube videos. The tasks itself aren't too hard, and honestly you'll have fun with the Teapot Artwork assignment since you can do whatever mathematical wizardry you wanted to get some shapes on there. Some students were making crazy things. Others did smiley faces. Undergrads did exams while the grad students just presented a paper. Deng is good and this his a fun elective if you're interested in interactive media!

COSC 4377: Networking, Professor: Omprakash Gnawali, Semester: Spring 2021.

• I looked everything up on the exams even when he said he'd figure it out. Gnawali is a great prof. Not much coding, if at all, in this class. But a lot of Wireshark analysis and networking/packet/cybersecurity theory. I recommend Long for this class, though Gnawali is a great alternative. If you are a graduate student taking this course, Gnawali will be the only option for the combined class. Long will exclusively do the undergrad classes. Given the time since this class has been taught, I don't know much about how it goes today. Grad Students in the class were exempt from exams and did a paper presentation instead. If it's hybrid, you'll have an easy time. If everything is in person, a little bit of good luck.

COSC 6397 (Now COSC 4321): Selected Topics: Spatial Tech, Professor: Chang Yun/Faisal Sharif, Semester: Spring 2021.

• I loved this class and am very happy that it got bumped up to an official course. This was in the works for a few years with Faisal and Dr. Yun. Jared, a former Microsoft employee with a decent connection to UH and a huge veteran presence in XR also hopped on to teach the class. This class, our group did a project on an AR Solar System that you could project anywhere in the room and walk around it. There was a 'VR' project as well. I kept the AR app on my phone until I was mugged and the robber shot it. I might still have the file somewhere. You used Unity (C#) with Vuforia for AR and VR stuff. It was fucking cool seeing my little 3d things pop up on the picture of the opera lady. Highly recommend if you're interested in AVR stuff.

COSC 4393: Digital Image Processing, Professor: Pranav Mantini, Semester: Spring 2021.

• If you're interested in learning how Photoshop works in a code sense, this class is for you. The assignments are in Python and you'll be rotating images, cleaning up noise, performing image compression, and gaussian stuff. I still use the output of the botched code I wrote because they all looked like sad potatoes. The exams were online and not too lookup-able. The only sucky part was that it was an 8am. You'd put your homework on Github classroom and Jenkins would grade it for you. The TAs and Dr. Mantini knew their shit. If you were sus on a homework assignment, they'd call you into a meeting to clarify things. This was the case on the image rotation homework, as the slides showed you how to rotate by a corner instead of by the center.

These courses come from the start of my Masters program and the three required ones in the PhD. The reviews will be fairly shorter and straight to the point as you started to dabble in a lot more applied things if the classes were not entirely theory. The graduate program is a near totality of international students, so the work ethic and competitiveness goes up. On the other hand, the back-scratching and helping each other out is probably more rampant in undergrad but nobody really talks about it. This is the time where you see the professors absolutely shine in what they research. When you see a research prof teaching a course, you're going to learn much, much more than you expect because that is what they live and breathe daily here. My complaints about teaching vs research profs went out the window after this first semester of the MS
COSC 6324: Randomized Algorithms and Probabilistic Techniques in Computing. Professor: Gopal Pandurangan, Semester: Fall 2021

• What a tongue twister. This class is one chapter from Gopal's Graduate Algorithms class expanded to a whole semester. You'll learn a lot of concepts about the pure mathematical side of algorithms. That, expected values, randomization, hashing, and complexities you'll not even begin to understand. There weren't any exams. Just a paper presentation, a bunch of homework assignments that were written responses to crazy math problems. You couldn't google these easily, and I found solutions to some HW problems by copying like one line and finding it on a Russian website. The programming assignments were LeetCode questions with some of the most insane requirements you can imagine. The stuff was the most beautiful, digusting, messed up efficient wizardy I've ever had to write and this class absolutely helped me slay programming interviews left and right for the internship cycles ahead. It's hard, but good hard. The class had about eight students and it would go from lecturing to conversation about the topic at hand.

COSC 6347: Cybersecurity. Professor: Laszka, Semester: Fall 2021.

• As Laszka has left UH, I am unsure as to how the class is currently offered. At the start of the semester, he told us about our requirements and threw up a slide saying not to try anything in the class at home. Two programming assigments and the rest was just hacking shit on a VM he'd give us. The tests were multiple choice or fill in the blank, and you could pull them easily from the slides. Almost identical in that case.

COSC 6376: Cloud Computing. Professor: Weidong "Larry" Shi, Semester: Fall 2021.

• The HW in this class was very applied as we would learn new tech stacks and languages, one being 'pig latin'. A lot of the things here were follow a tutorial or look things up. The end of the semester was a huge project. In this project, we compared running an image classification task on separate cloud providers and their tiers. Thank God we had credit from each of the services or else the bills would have ran HIGH. No exams, easy A if you do the stuff. Dr. Shi is a pretty good prof in his line of work. His TAs do run the class and teach sometimes as they are in their final years and taking over the teaching aspect. Save this part for later.

COSC 6339: Big Data Analytics. Professor: Carlos Ordonez, Semester: Spring 2022.

• I have personal opinions about the teaching methods of Dr. Ordonez. Pre-COVID, I had always heard that he was a good prof for Programming Languages and Paradigms. However, after learning how he treated his 3380 class, I started to dread it a little. The homeworks were vague, grades weren't released until after our drop date, and he was definitely caught looking at his course reviews daily and probably writing his own (or having the TAs do it). In homework assignments or test reviews, if you were having an issue and you looked it up, it was literally his research work. I don't find that to be bad, actually, because it did give insight on the stuff that he did and it was definitely interesting. Ordonez is also one of the profs that tried to get undergrads in research along with Gnawali and Yang. I didn't enjoy this class much, at all, due to the exam structure and ways it was taught. But, a memorable homework was some entire Dijkstra's thing but for servers, and that was fun. I got it done while hopped up on whatever the dentist gave me. All was done in Python.

COSC 6373: Computer Vision. Professor, Ioannis Kakadiaris, Semester: Spring 2022

• Dr. K will openly admit to you, either privately or to the whole class that he is very arrogant. You'll see this arrogance but not mind it much if you aren't working with him directly. Kakadiaris is passionate about showing students how to research, especially if you're interested in anything medical. His goal in every class that he teaches is to make you an expert in such field. I don't think there was an exam in this class, but he would assign some of his former students or current PhD students to be a mentor in your final project. The homeworks and in class labs were 'follow the steps'. He and his TA were always available for help and made the class a lot of fun, especially when explaining the mathematical operations behind CV Algorithms. I always recommend Dr. K's classes. Personally, he helped me gain a leg up on how to effectively get through UH's red tape on getting research done involving human subjects. Helped me set up an entire 'research suite' on the computer. Everything was in Python

COSC 7336: Advanced Natural Language Processing. Professor, Rakesh Verma, Semester: Spring 2022.

• Unless you have any form of deep interest in NLP, for the love of Shasta, do NOT take this class. I got my second lowest exam grade ever (the first being Gopal's Grad Algos). Curves were done obviously but the highest grade on any given exam was like a 30 or 40. There were homeworks and paper presentations too. If you skipped X amount of question on the homework, it'd be a 0. If you skipped X items in the class, you'd get an F. I barely squeaked by with a B here. This was also a class with like, ten people in it. One student was an undergrad. She was insane in her craft and I believe ended up working with Verma directly on some research and got paid good for it. This class is another case of Verma being an excellent researcher but not so much a professor. He lived and breathed everything NLP or Cybersecurity and was damn good at it. I also didn't pay much attention in class, so maybe I'm wrong on the teaching part. Everyone struggled in the class as the general NLP class, offered by Dr. Solorio (who was a visiting scientest at Bloomberg at the time) wasn't being offered.

COSC 6351/6353: Software Design. Professor: Raj Singh, Semester: Summer 2022.

• This class is just like the undergrad version. Didn't change much, except the final project was an oil price order thing. I used Flask and Python instead of shitty ass PHP. The exam still featured the famous question: "What isn't software? Hardware". Never change, Raj.

This Summer was the 'great resignation' within UH CS. Toti, Laszka, and Gabriel had left UH for other opportunities. Paris put up for retirement and was promoted to professor Emeritus. Kam-Hoi Cheng left but nobody knew why.
COSC 6335: Data Mining. Professor: Christoph Eick, Semester: Fall 2022.

• Pretty simple class since the exams were open note and the homeworks were answering questions (similar to that of AI) and writing reports. Like AEick, you got more into the fundamentals and how all that stuff works instead of writing code. Lots of frogs on the pages and opportunities for extra credit. This is a good class to get done for your core track and the TA was pretty lenient too. You can get an entire preview of any Eick class from the website.

COSC 6370: Medical Imaging. Professor: Nikolaos Tsekos, Semester: Fall 2022.

• This is a fun class, you'll get an A or A- in it if you do everything. No exams, just a bunch of homeworks and a project. The homeworks were quite fun as we got to do stuff that applied to the medical industry, and the project that my team did was identifying babies at whatever term from an ultrasound. The project itself didn't prove well, but we got an A so didn't matter much. Python was the language to use, and a lot of the homework assignments come with the formulas and theories you needed. Not much of a 'follow the steps' kind of thing, more of a 'here is what you need, good luck' kind of thing. Easy recommend. Tsekos is hilarious. "Do not make your grandmother die twice in a semester!".

COSC 6386: Program Analysis and Testing. Professor: Amin Alipour, Semester: Spring 2023.

• This class had three homeworks taken from a public textbook about software testing. "The Fuzzing Book". Not too difficult at all. What was fun was the paper presentation. I had just bought a Flipper Zero and got to demonstrate it as part of the presentation. The final project was basically the class split into two groups. My group recreated, to the best of our ability, MOSS. We made our own code plagiarism checker using NLP and tokenization of variables. We then saw how much of our own code was plagiarised with each other form old assignments lol, and it picked up on variable changing pretty quick. All was done in Python with AI aspects. All in Python/JuPyter

ENTR 7390: Technology Entrepreneurship. Professor: Tanushree Chatterji, Semester: Spring 2023.

• As a UH CS student, you can find up to six (or twelve?) related credits from outside CS to apply towards your coursework requirements. Anyway Bauer needs to stop being a bitch and let undergrads take their version of this class. I first heard of this course when I took Game Art, when Dr. McCormick came in and gave an entire guest lecture on how to take your startup game into the tech industry. She told us we could enroll but Bauer pretty much stopped any CS major from joining it.Since it was more lenient, I got into the graduate version with Dr. Chatterji. When I say that Bauer has the resources, they've got them. This class consisted of speakers in the startup space, UH alums and not coming in to talk about their experiences and give advice. The assignments were very business and tech oriented. I also got access to RedLabs as the prof is the director of it. She knows who to set you up with if you need it. If only the CS majors could have a piece of this the school could be seeing more money flowing into their donations since a lot of high paid Coogs like to give back. Met a ton in the club section at Fertitta. Holy moly.

At this point, I had completed my Masters. The next three courses were required for the PhD
COSC 6110: Graduate Colloqium. Professor: Ernst Leiss, Semester: Fall 2023.

• This class was easy. Attend five seminars, write reviews on them, get satisfactory review scores, and present a topic of your choice. You will get roasted by Leiss, but he also teaches you how to roast presenters. PhD students are required to visit five seminars minimum a semester, so you'll see some really good speakers and really shitty ones. This is also an opportunity to see who UH could be hiring on as a prof soon. Dr. Yang, Das, and Lin were all hired on the semester after giving a seminar talk at UH. There are currently two open spots that are looking to be filled, and I was able to sit in and evaluate one of the faculty candidates. This is where you can see the cool stuff going on in University Research.

COSC 6320: Data Structures and Algorithms. Professor: Gopal Pandurangan. Semester: Fall 2023.

• This class is the Algo Asylum. Fucking difficult. But you had Gopal and Khalid. There are no stupid questions in this class, but it was HARD. It made undergrad Algos look like taking candy from a baby. You have to fight your way out of it. Four exams similar to the HW of 6324, and the programming assignments too. God this class was hard. Still recommend Gopal always tho. They were ALWAYS willing to help. Python was the language of choice.

COSC 6342: Machine Learning. Professor: Ricardo Vilalta. Semester: Fall 2023.

• This class was two exams and a few assignments. The exams by the type of question weren't hard, but the questions themselves sucked. You had to memorize a lot of terminology, equations, vocab words, variables, etc. There weren't any word banks or references on the exams though. This, I just didn't know how to study well for. Everything came from the slides but they were very broad. Vilalta is a great prof and does curve. Good at his research.

COSC 6385: Computer Architecture. Professor, Weidong "Larry" Shi. Semester: Spring 2024.

• The end of the road! I dropped this class in Spring 2023 because I didn't need it to graduate, but then had to take it again because it was required for the PhD. The homeworks aren't hard, neither was the paper presentation or the experiments. But the exams did suck. I don't know how it will be tomorrow, but so long as I pass it, I'm good and I just get to research my way out of here and never have to sit a fucking exam ever again. It's been a long time coming and I can't wait to finish it up :) Python is your langauage here.

At this point, I'm doing whatever 8X98 and 8X99 is required of me. I have an RCE (just a long presentation), a doctoral proposal, and a defense, then the academic journey is over. I feel like the biggest hurdle was leapt.
My thoughts on UHCS. In Fall 2018, there were only 1300 students in the department. Everyone in their graduating class knew each other. You'd sometimes meet people in GroupMes to work on homeworks or projects together, but never see each other in real life. Or did you? There was a lot of weird ways to cheat or get by in class. There was a decent community, and people who wanted to help other students definitely did. I'll never forget cramming into a room with a bunch of other kids while the tutor for 2436 held a review session days before the exam. The jokes about overloading the servers, and the hopeful nature before COVID hit. Everyone seemed friendly, and it didn't seem at all like a few complaint posts that were put up earlier about superiority complexes or whatever.
There are now 2300+ students in the department and it will probably be 3k within the next few years. Classes are getting tighter, it's getting more competitive, and UH isn't giving CS the attitude it deserves. MIS and CIS are getting pumped, CS is just... There. NSM took over the Fall career fair like wtf? Cullen and NSM are going to get in competition over this stuff as CS to Cullen should have happened (and on several accounts, was rumored and about to go through the process) but then didn't happen, and CS wants the juice.
I've seen students in 1336 get caught with ChatGPT like fucking dumbasses, but on the other hand, the talent level of the juniors and seniors at UH CS is FUCKING INSANE. The post-COVID generation of UH CS is going to be the reason the rank and perception skyrockets. Alums of years past are surprised with how Coogs are getting picked off left and right from UH compared to other schools.
The department is focusing on hiring new blood that will help push the department to newer heights in terms of more modern research. The older professors are preparing to retire, we just don't know when or if. Tenure is hard to achieve, but the cycle is definitely happening.
That's all, I'm going to bed. Go Coogs!
Edit: I'm done! And I got through all the classes without taking Hilford or either Cheng so SUCK ON THAT UH

Banyak tragedi menimpa Malaysia kebelakangan ini,yang agak membimbangkan kerana ia memberi imej yang tidak baik kepada keadaan sesebuah negara pada ketika ini..Ini secara tidak langsung menggugat keselamatan penduduk di dalam negara..Perkara ini berlaku dengan kerap menjadi kita tertanya-tanya adakah ini adalah satu corak hasil daripada masalah yang terdapat di Malaysia yang tidak diselesaikan??Contoh Masalah:Kes ragut beberapa kes sedangkan sebelum ini kurang kes ragut tetapi semakin hari semakin kerap tanpa takut,Pesawat terhempas berulang kali yang telah mengambil nyawa insan yang terkorban,samun khianat seperti yang berlaku kepada akhyar rasyid,faisal halim,kes samun seperti berlaku di Klang dan menggunakan parang boleh membunuh penduduk…Anak Muda hancur dengan penyebaran video lucah bangsa Melayu Islam yang tidak diambil serius oleh pihak berkuasa,hanya mengambil serius bab Poligami…
Ibu bapa yang bodoh tidak menjaga anak-anak yang masih mentah,untuk hidup bebas yang menjadikan 2 remaja perempuan dan ramai lelaki bercampur di dalam hotel dan mereka adalah Melayu Islam..Masyarakat kurang sensitif terhadap tragedi dan masalah,kurang simpati dan hanya membuat semua yang terjadi sebagai bahan jenaka…Lagu Melayu Islam berunsurkan Zina..Kumpulan Muzik melayu Islam tanpa bersalah membuka aurat seperti orang kafir tetapi menyanyikan lagu raya..melakukan dosa dan redha akan dosa yang dilakukan..Cuaca panas melampau.Pihak keselamatan yang mementingkan wang daripada keselamatan negara.Budaya sugar daddy,call girl,kelab malam,dadah,zina berleluasa…Pada zaman dahulu,mungkin yang terlibat orang dewasa,tetapi kini remaja turut serta dalam gejala haram..Ini adalah bala yang diturunkan..Malaysia mungkin tidak mengalami Tsunami atau gempa bumi,tetapi ini adalah salah satu bala yang menyeksa seluruh Malaysia kerana yang jahat tidak insaf dan yang baik tidak menegur..
Bagi aku,ini semua terletak kepada kekuatan agama pada sesebuah negara,sebagai penahan seseorang untuk membuat jenayah meskipun tiada siapa yang tahu..Kemudian,ini adalah kesan polisi negara yang gagal yang telah mendesak ramai orang melakukan jenayah untuk hidup kerana makanan asasi seperti beras tidak dapat diperolehi...Kemudian,pencen yang dimansuhkan kepada penjawat awam menindas lagi golongan miskin...Kemudian adalah sikap pihak penguatkuasa undang-undang yang menerima sogokan dan menjadikan keselamatan Malaysia sebagai taruhan kerana gaji sedikit yang berpunca oleh kegagalan kerajaan..
Ingatlah,tiada erti kekayaan jikalau kita tidak selamat untuk menikmati kekayaan tersebut di rumah kita,apabila kita berisiko untuk dirompak atau dibunuh bila2 masa..Akhirnya adalah sikap rakyat Malaysia yang tidak matang dalam kehidupan…Tidak matang bermaksud tidak mempunyai kewibawaan dan kesiapsediaan untuk mencegah kesalahan dan mendorong kebaikan..Rakyat Malaysia terlalu lembut dan tidak mempunyai tindakan yang berguna mengambarkan kebodohan…Contohnya,apabila kelab bola sepak memberikan prestasi yang hampa,tidak sepadan dengan bajet yang diberikan,pemain neutralisasi diambil,tindakan mestilah diambil tidaklah cukup hanya dengan kata-kata semangat sahaja..Ini punca masalah yang terjadi seperti zina,bahan lucah,jenayah berlaku di siang hari..Kemudian,rakyat Malaysia tidak kompeten dan serius apabila menggalas tugas kerana sikap yang kompeten dan professional dalam rakyat boleh menggerak negara ke hadapan kerana setiap tugas diambil dengan fokus dan tanggungjawab..
Tetapi dengan sikap dengki,penting diri,mencampur urusan peribadi dan kerja,kualiti kerja yang rendah kerana malas,cuai dan malas,sikap Lemah dalam bekerja,masih mengamalkan sikap ‘ekonomi sara diri’ dalam kerja professional menjadikan kerja tidak disiapkan dan pesawat boleh terhempas membunuh warga Malaysia yang lain..Easy time creates weak men..Naratif negara kelas ketiga direka untuk membezakan negara blok komunis dan blok kapitalis..Malaysia negara kelas ketiga kerana dasar berkecuali bukanlah disebabkan warna kulit atau ekonomi..Malaysia tidak lebih rendah berbanding negara USA..Kembalilah kepada agama supaya dirahmati Tuhan dan tingkatkan taraf kerja kita supaya kita dapat hidup aman damai dan sesi akan tempat yang selesa kepada keluarga kita.
Persoalannya Sampai Bila?

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Dive In With No Guidance Research
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Security Best Practices
With cryptocurrency, you have a digital wallet that holds your cryptocurrency coins. This type of cryptocurrency is from traditional bank accounts, where a person cannot retrieve his stolen money from a third party. Sit on your digital asset and enable only reliable and safe wallet service providers. Tricky wallets provide the highest security level, whereas the corresponding software wallets offer more convenience but come at the expense of heightened hacking attempts.
Always maintain solid passwords and enable two-factor authentication wherever possible. Be wary of phishing scams, and never share your private keys or seed phrases with anyone. Regularly back up your wallet information for disaster recovery purposes.
Failing To Diversify Your Portfolio
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Underestimating The Tax Implications
In your jurisdiction, be it capital gains tax, capital gains taxes are also an essential consideration. Not including self-employment taxes in your business strategy may be a problem with unforeseen financial burdens when filing taxes. According to Stanley Bae, learning the tax regulations of your region on cryptocurrency will be a good start. Work with a tax advisor professional to consult and analyze your reporting and tax payment obligations. Keeping quality records of all your cryptocurrency transactions will make filing easier when reporting at the end of the tax year.
Putting Short-Term Gains Before Long-Term Prosperity
Cryptocurrency can deliver growth in the long term, but it is not a very stable investment, and neither will the prices rise overnight. Avoid being tempted by frequent trading; otherwise, you may be trading away your cryptocurrency for short-term profits. The exact opposite happens with short-term trading. Most opportunities are missed whenever a well-built strategy is not followed, and additional transaction costs that affect returns are incurred. Instead, concentrate on nurturing and harvesting projects with disciplined research and valuable future creation expectancy.
Conclusion
Stanley Bae suggests that following his advice can help you avoid mistakes and create better future opportunities for successful cryptocurrency trading. Recall that the cryptocurrency market is gradually becoming rigorously dynamic. Attend workshops, seminars, or information sessions on any new strategies associated with changes in the industry and adopt them. Investing in cryptocurrency should be considered long-term play, and a healthy dose of skepticism and commitment to continuous learning should be followed.

I chimed in on a post last week about the Wrentham School Committee's recent drama. I think The Sun Chronicle's follow up article was pretty luke warm, so here's my impression.
Here's the OP: https://www.reddit.com/massachusetts/comments/1cdik5m/comment/l1zubt8/
I wasn't the OP on that post, but I was the source of the Open Meeting Law violation complaint which prompted the news article that was being posted about. I outed myself and answered some questions in that post. There seemed to be some interest, and I wanted to share an update with this sub.
The school committee had a public meeting to review my complaint. During which they were open to public comment. You can watch the entire meeting on YouTube HERE.
The meeting went largely as I personally expected, other than attendance was even higher that I anticipated. There was a heavy presence of support for the three SC members implicated in my complaint. Aside from vilifying me for making the complaint, I would say their comments fell into a few main categories. 1) "I know this committee member. They're a great person." 2) "This is mudslinging/a withc hunt/political theatewon't someone please think about the children!" 3) "I liked the policy that was proposed" and the occasional 4) "I read the emails and don't think they did anything wrong."
People there in support of my complaint that spoke largely focused on the email evidence that was disclosed to the public, and concerns over the involvement of the fundamentalist Christian policy organization, the Massachuessets Family Institue.
When public comment was finally concluded and the members were allowed to speak, Member Lashway almost instantly admitted that his emails violated the OML, which simplified things considerably. Lashway also acknowledged that he worked with MFI on this policy, but said that was a relationship exclusive to him. Members Greaney and Shutterbuck asserted that they hadn't done anything wrong and that they can't control what emails are sent to them. I'll point out that Clutterbuck engaged in a protracted back and forth with Lashway, and that neither of them reported these improper communications to the Superintendant or the committee Chair. All three members expressed confusion over the OML, which I don't personally believe. Their remedy to the complaint is to sign up for extra training that is specific to the OML. Given that this is a first offense, I doubt the Attorney General's Office will mandate anything more severe. My request in the complaint and in my public comment that the members apologize to the community at large was ignored.
There is a petition circulating calling on Member Lashway to resign for his violation of OML and ethical concerns over MFI, but it is for Wrentham residents and employees of WPS only: Petition for Resignation of Paul Lashway. If you meet one of those two categories and would like to sign, there's the link. I'm not the author, but know the author and trust them.
For myself, I plan to keep a close eye on the School Committee and these members inparticular moving forward. My child will be there for years to come and this matters a great deal to me.
Why am I sharing here? I think that MFI and it's objectives are a threat to public education across the state. They run seminars on how to run for School Committee, and I believe their objective is to stack committees throughout Massachuessets with regressive candidates. Paul Lashway ran on a platform of "Parents' Rights/Choice" which I instantly recognized as a dog whistle. It sounds benign, even logical, but my follow up question is always "A parent's right to do what?" After he was elected, I didn't pay much attention until he tried to sneak his redressed "Don't Say Gay" policy passed the community. Fortunately, others were paying closer attention. I think that it's easy to become complacent, especially in local politics, which allows extremists to sneak on into office. Wrentham's last town election had about a 12% turn out. Two years ago, Paul Lashway was elected with a margin of 6 votes. Just a little more participation, and a little more awareness, might have prevented all of this strife and wasted time.

Hello all; I see alot of argument and misinformation being traded back and forth in the comments lately, and I've been doing my best to get ahold of an expert so I'm not so lost with these documents but that has stalled.
I elected to instead Google translate a few of the associated research and news articles posted on the internet archive by Alfredo Lissoni to demonstrate some basic facts that are claimed to be associated with the case.
The whole case DOES NOT rely solely on the documents sent in the 90s. Ive seen this so many times its gonna make my head explode. If you parrot this falsehood; you are not being intellectually rigerous and reading everything you need to read.
Find Roberto Pinnoti and friends full claims about the 1933 case here.
https://forum-termometropolitico-it.translate.goog/259673-x-files-fascisti.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp
No where else that I can find ties everything together like this link. If your serious about connecting claims to documents you must read the whole thing.
I'm rather certain that every newspaper I'm looking for in relation to the link above is on the archive but I'm having alot of trouble connecting a claim with a document in most cases because well, I don't speak/read Italian yet( am learning slowly)
Here's a few documents from the archive that were plainly important. I very carefully went over the Italian and English text as many times as my brain will allow so you'll have to forgive a few spelling discrepancies. In most cases I was typing the words from the newspaper word for word because of the image quality. This is not an easy task. It's no wonder that no one has done all this for free yet; because it's alot. I only did .01 percent of the work here and It's full of leads to study the actual historical side of this case.
This is not my final conclusions on the case; in fact I've gone to the beginning like this because I've already moved on a long way and connected alot of puzzle pieces in the timeframe after RS33.
This element of the case is trivial compared to the intreague and power dynamics between the germans, italian fascists, the vatican and the Americans.
A name you should look out for in the link above is Galeazzo Ciano.
My work is more focused broadly on this person because his diaries would later be coveted by Allen Dulles.
Allen Dulles personally visited Italy multiple times for these diaries and I am going to prove this action was not only because of their political importance but also because of their connection to the activities of the RS33 research. This work here ultimately has nothing to do with that element of my research; this should simply posit that the case from a historical standpoint has a real event associated with it.
Now I will say that the rest of the work must be done to independently verify the claims in the link above; but what I've seen is enough for me personally to go forward on.
I'm not claiming to have proven anything here on this post. Let's get that extremely clear because im not going to argue about it.
It's simply information.
Translated document 1
https://archive.org/details/cabinet-rs-33_20230330/page/n17/mode/1up?q=rs33
1.)A capo del Gabinetto RS/33, fin dalla sua istituzione, fu designato Guglielmo Marconi, sebbene il noto scienziato avesse più volte espresso l'opinione che al suo posto venisse designato l’astronomo Gino Cecchini. Mussolini -su parere di Giovanni Gentile- incaricò Marconi, senatore e di provata fede fascista, che ne faceva un elemento prestigioso ed anche politicamente affidabile.
Marconi però non partecipò mai a nessuna delle sedute del Gabinetto RS/33 che si tennero lui in vita, ma delegò costantemente un suo collaboratore che era indicato come dottor Ruggero Costanti Cavazzani, e che evidentemente era un nome di copertura di un personaggio mai identificato.
Altri componenti del Gabinetto RS/33 (RS stava per Ricerche Speciali) furono, nel corso del tempo e per periodi diversi, i professori : Dallauri, Pirotta, Crocco, Debbasi, Severi, Bottazzi e Giordani; nonché il conte Cozza quale referente organizzativo ed elemento di collegamento logistico con le massime gerarchie del regime: Mussolini, Italo Balbo, Galeazzo Ciano.
Il Gabinetto si riunì alcune volte per discutere di fenomeni oggi denominati ufologici e che all’epoca erano collegati ad attività di aeronautica militare. Il parere più diffuso tra gli esperti era che gli aereomobili sconosciuti fossero prototipi di velivoli inglesi e/o francesi. Solo in un paio di occasioni fu dichiaratamente posta la questione se tali oggetti fossero strumenti di volo interspaziale, e la questione rimase essenzialmente aperta. Il prodotto più consistente del Gabinetto RS/33 fu un dossier di una trentina di pagine che esaminava dettagliatamente tutta la casistica italiana, dal 1933 al 1940. Con lo scoppio della guerra (10 giugno 1940) il Gabinetto RS/33 fu ancor più militarizzato, e -cosa assai significativa- il governo nazista chiese più volte notizie, dati e dossier all’ente italiano.
Il Gabinetto RS/33 raccolse anche alcune fotografie di oggetti volanti non identificati ed anche un breve filmato realizzato sulle Alpi in occasione di un avvistamento notevole. Tali notizie sono ricavate indirettamente da altre fonti, poiché l'archivio del Gabinetto fu trasferito in Germania ed attualmente risulta irreperibile.
1.)Since its inception, Guglielmo Marconi was designated head of the RS/33 Cabinet, although the well-known scientist had repeatedly expressed the opinion that the astronomer Gino Cecchini should be designated in his place. Mussolini - on the advice of Giovanni Gentile - appointed Marconi, a senator with proven fascist faith, who made him a prestigious and also politically reliable element.
Marconi, however, never participated in any of the sessions of the RS/33 Cabinet which were held during his lifetime, but constantly delegated one of his collaborators who was indicated as Doctor Ruggero Costanti Cavazzani, and who was evidently a cover name for a person who was never identified.
Other members of the RS/33 Cabinet (RS stood for Special Research) were, over time and for different periods, the professors: Dallauri, Pirotta, Crocco, Debbasi, Severi, Bottazzi and Giordani; as well as Count Cozza as organizational contact and logistical link with the highest hierarchies of the regime: Mussolini, Italo Balbo, Galeazzo Ciano.
The Cabinet met a few times to discuss phenomena now called ufological and which at the time were connected to military aeronautics activities. The most widespread opinion among experts was that the unknown aircraft were prototypes of English and/or French aircraft. Only on a couple of occasions was the question openly raised whether such objects were interspace flight instruments, and the question remained essentially open. The most substantial product of the Cabinet RS/33 was a dossier of about thirty pages which examined in detail all the Italian cases from 1933 to 1940. With the outbreak of the war (10 June 1940) the Cabinet RS/33 was even more militarised, and - what is very significant - the Nazi government asked the Italian body for news, data and dossiers several times.
Cabinet RS/33 also collected some photographs of unidentified flying objects and also a short film made in the Alps on the occasion of a notable sighting. This information is obtained indirectly from other sources, since the Cabinet archive was transferred to Germany and is currently untraceable.
2.)Pirotta, Pietro Romualdo. Botanico (Pavia 1853-Roma (1936). Professore di botanica all'università di Roma (18831924) e di fisiologia vegetale pure presso l’ateneo romano (1924-28), fu l’ideatore e uno dei fautori più attivi della creazione del Parco nazionale degli Abruzzi. Copiosa è stata la sua produzione scientifica. Fra l’altro si occupò della peronospora e degli altri parassiti della vite, di istologia, anatomia ed embriologia vegetale. Scrisse anche un trattato di fisiologia vegetale; si occupò pure della flora romana ed eritrea, e del massimo interesse sono le sue pubblicazioni sulla storia della botanica. Senatore del regno, accademico d’Italia, dei Lincei, dei Quaranta e di varie Società di cultura italiane e straniere. Si ricordano le sue pubblicazioni sulla storia della botanica, in specie la Flora rorzana (1900-01), e il suo trattato di Fisiologia vegetale (1929). Fondò (1885) la rivista «Annuario del Regio istituto botanico di Roma», cui seguirono, dal 1903, gli «Annali di botanica». Alla scuola di P. si formò il nucleo iniziale degli studiosi italiani dei cicli biologici delle piante e dell’embriologia vegetale.
2.)Pirotta, Pietro Romualdo. Botanist (Pavia 1853-Rome (1936). Professor of botany at the University of Rome (1883-1924) and of plant physiology also at the Roman University (1924-28), he was the creator and one of the most active supporters of the creation of Abruzzi National Park. His scientific production was copious. Among other things he dealt with downy mildew and other vine parasites, histology, anatomy and plant embryology. He also wrote a treatise on plant physiology; and Eritrea, and of the greatest interest are his publications on the history of botany. Senator of the kingdom, academic of Italy, of the Lincei, of the Quaranta and of various Italian and foreign cultural societies. We remember his publications on the history of botany. in particular the Flora rorzana (1900-01), and his treatise on Plant Physiology (1929) the magazine «Annuario del Regio botanico di Roma», which was followed, from 1903, by the «Annali di botany» The initial nucleus of Italian scholars of plant biological cycles and plant embryology was formed at P.'s school.
3.) PIROTTA, Pietro Romualdo. — Botanico, nato a Pavia il 7 febbraio 1853. Ivi laureatosi in scienze naturali nel 1875, frequentò per qualche anno quel laboratorio crittogamico; nel 1879-1880 fu a Strasburgo per perfezionarsi presso il De Bary; nel 1880, in seguito a concorso, occupò la cattedra di botanica dell'università di Modena e nel 1883 fu chiamato a Roma, dove insegnò per 4i anni botanica e dove, nel 1924, passò alla cattedra di fisiologia vegetale che venne fino al 1928, epoca in cui fu collocato a riposo. Spetta a lui il merito di aver fondato a Roma, tra il 1884 e il 1889, l’Istituto e l'Orto Botanico attuali. Egli ha anche fondato e diretto per molti anni l'Annuario del R. Istituto Botanico di Roma e gli Annali di Botanica. È stato l'ideatore e il fautore più attivo della creazione del Parco nazionale d'Abruzzo, Nella sua copiosa produzione scientifica sono da rilevare principalmente i lavori sulla peronospora e gli altri parassiti della vite, i numerosi contributi all’istologia, all'anatomia e all'embriologia vegetale, le pubblicazioni sulla storia della botanica, in particolare quelle sulle Tabulae Phytosophicae del Cesi, la Flora Romana, la Flora Eritrea, il trattato di Fisiologia vegetale. È socio nazionale della R. Accademia dei Lincei, membro dei XL, e dal 1929 accademico d’Italia.
3.) PIROTTA, Pietro Romualdo. — Botanist, born in Pavia on 7 February 1853. Having graduated there in natural sciences in 1875, he attended that cryptogam laboratory for a few years; in 1879-1880 he was in Strasbourg to perfect his studies at De Bary; in 1880, following a competition, he occupied the chair of botany at the University of Modena and in 1883 he was called to Rome, where he taught botany for 4 years and where, in 1924, he moved to the chair of plant physiology which remained until 1928, period in which he was laid to rest. He deserves the credit of having founded the current Institute and Botanical Garden in Rome between 1884 and 1889. He also founded and directed for many years the Yearbook of the R. Botanical Institute of Rome and the Annals of Botany. He was the creator and most active supporter of the creation of the Abruzzo National Park. In his copious scientific production, the works on downy mildew and other vine parasites, the numerous contributions to histology, anatomy and to plant embryology, publications on the history of botany, in particular those on Cesi's Tabulae Phytosophicae, the Roman Flora, the Eritrean Flora, the treatise on Plant Physiology. He is a national member of the R. Accademia dei Lincei, a member of the XL, and an academic of Italy since 1929.
4.) Il Governo italiano promuove, il 3 aprile 1933, una legge speciale che fissa il finanziamento per la costruzione della Sede del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
Subito dopo il Direttorio del Consiglio dei Ministri affida lo studio del progetto al Comitato Nazionale per l'Ingegneria, costituendo allo stesso tempo un'apposita Commissione di studio presieduto dal Senatore Luigi Cozza
Il progetto definitivo viene redatto da Dagoberto Ortensi, che si occupa dell'impostazione architettonica e della decorazione e dell' arredo degli ambienti
L'edificio si estente su una superfice di 2.105 mq, a cui si aggiungeranno altri 1.720 mq di ampliamento previsti, Ha un volume di 54.445 me articolato su sei piani, per una altezza complessiva di circa 25 mt°
l'edificio viene realizzato dall'impresa di costruzione Tommaso e Alberto Mora, sotto la direzione di Antonio Carlini e inagurato il 21 Novembre 1937
4.)
On 3 April 1933, the Italian Government promoted a special law establishing the financing for the construction of the headquarters of the National Research Council
Immediately afterwards the Directory of the Council of Ministers entrusted the study of the project to the National Engineering Committee, at the same time establishing a specific study commission chaired by Senator Luigi Cozza
The final project is drawn up by Dagoberto Ortensi, who takes care of the architectural layout and the decoration and furnishing of the rooms
The building covers a surface area of 2,105 m2, to which another 1,720 m2 of planned expansion will be added. It has a volume of 54,445 m and is divided into six floors, for a total height of approximately 25 m.
the building was built by the construction company Tommaso and Alberto Mora, under the direction of Antonio Carlini and inaugurated on 21 November 1937
5.) Còzza, Luici, conte, — Ingegnere (Acquapendente 1867 - Roma 1955). Laureato a Roma nel e nel corpo del genio civile; dal 1925 al 1930 fu presidente del Consiglio superiore dei Lavori pubblici. È stato l’istitutore e l'organizzatore del Servizio idrografico italiano ed è autore di varie pubblicazioni sulle opere idrauliche. Senatore del Regno (1934)
5.)
Còzza, Luici, count, — Engineer (Acquapendente 1867 - Rome 1955). Graduated in Rome in and in the civil engineering corps; from 1925 to 1930 he was president of the Superior Council of Public Works. He was the founder and organizer of the Italian Hydrographic Service and is the author of various publications on hydraulic works. Senator of the Kingdom (1934)
6.)
Giordani, Francesco. Chimico (Napoli 1896-ivi 1961). Già accademico d’Italia dal 1930 al 1943, socio nazionale dell’Accademia dei Lincei dal 1935, ne divenne presidente nel 1958. Dal 1936 al 1943 fu presidente dell’IRI e dal 1956 al 1960 del CNR. Fu professore di elettrochimica e di impianti chimici presso la Scuola di ingegneria di Napoli e direttore dell'Istituto chimico di quella università. I suoi numerosi lavori (che gli valsero nel 1929 il premio reale per la chimica) riguardano specialmente l’elettrolisi, la catalisi e la cinetica chimica.
Si occupò anche di problemi economici, particolarmente rispetto alle zone sottosviluppate del Mezzogiorno (fu presidente dell’Associazione per lo sviluppo dell’industria nel Mezzogiorno).
6.)
Giordani, Francesco. Chemist (Naples 1896-ibid. 1961). Already an academic of Italy from 1930 to 1943, a national member of the Accademia dei Lincei from 1935, he became president in 1958. From 1936 to 1943 he was president of the IRI and from 1956 to 1960 of the CNR. He was professor of electrochemistry and chemical plants at the School of Engineering of Naples and director of the Chemical Institute of that university. His numerous works (which earned him the Royal Prize for Chemistry in 1929) concern especially electrolysis, catalysis and chemical kinetics.
He also dealt with economic problems, particularly with respect to the underdeveloped areas of the South (he was president of the Association for the development of industry in the South).
7.)
Vallauri, Giancarlo. Scienziato (Roma 1882-Torino 1957). Dopo aver frequentato l'Accademia navale di Livorno, si laureò in ingegneria presso la Scuola superiore politecnica di Napoli. Nel 1916, quando a Livorno si costituì presso l’Accademia navale l’Istituto elettrotecnico e radiotelegrafico della marina, V. ne divenne il capo e l'animatore di iniziative e di ricerche, di cui uno dei più mirabili frutti è l’eguazione di V., che rappresenta la prima teoria analitica del funzionamento dei tubi elettronici. Nel medesimo tempo si dedicò alla costruzione del Centro radiotelegrafico di Coltano, uno dei più grandiosi e moderni dell’epoca. Importanti sono gli studi da lui condotti nel campo del ferromagnetismo, che portarono alla conferma indiscussa dell’esistenza dell’isteresi magnetica rotante, allora assai controversa in campo internazionale. Intra-
7.)
Vallauri, Giancarlo. Scientist (Rome 1882-Turin 1957). After attending the Naval Academy of Livorno, he graduated in engineering from the Polytechnic High School of Naples. In 1916, when the electrotechnical and radiotelegraphic institute of the navy was established at the Naval Academy in Livorno, V. became its head and animator of initiatives and research, of which one of the most wonderful fruits is the equalization of V., which represents the first analytical theory of the functioning of electron tubes. At the same time he dedicated himself to the construction of the Coltano radiotelegraph centre, one of the grandest and most modern of the time. The studies he conducted in the field of ferromagnetism are important, which led to the undisputed confirmation of the existence of rotating magnetic hysteresis, which was then very controversial in the international field.
8.)
E' morto ieri a Torino il prof. Giancarlo Vallauri
Torino, 7 maggio
E' deceduto stamane all’ospedale delle Molinetto. dov'eth ricoverato fin dai primi di gennaio, il prof. Giancarlo Vallauri, eminente figura di scienziato. Nato a Roma nel 1882 da (umiriza Gi . origine piemontese, dopo ver partecipato Alla prima guerra mondiale come ufficiale di marina, diresse l'Istituto elettrotecnico della Marina fino al 1025, quando venne a Torino quale insegnante al Politecnico. di cu fu poi direttore dal 1933 al 1934,
Nominato membro dell'Accademia d'Italia, ne divenne vicepresidente per le scienze fisiche, matematiche e naturali. Fu membro del Consiglio superiore dei Lavori Pubblici. e del Comitato superiore Tecnico per i servizi elettrotecnici e delle comunicazioni; presidente di sezione del Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche: esperto della Societa deile Nazionj per ll servizio deile comunicazioni; presidente generale dell'Associazione elettrotecnica Italiana: presidente dell'Istituto nazionale « Galileo Ferraris» di elettrotecnica, componente del Comitato tecnico Interalleato delle Radiocomunicazioni.
Numerosi suol studi e pubblicazioni sia nel campo dell'elettrotecnica che della radiotecnica. Tra l'altro fu il primo a lurinulare la teoria matematica della valvola termoionica che si riassume nella e equazione di Vallauri ». Fu anche il precursore della misurazione a distanza del campo elettromagnetico irradiato da una stazione trasmittente
8.)
Prof. died yesterday in Turin. Giancarlo Vallauri
Turin, 7 May
He died this morning at Molinetto hospital. where he has been hospitalized since early January, Prof. Giancarlo Vallauri, eminent scientist. Born in Rome in 1882 of Piedmontese origin, after having participated in the First World War as a naval officer, he directed the electrotechnical institute of the Navy until 1925, when he came to Turin as a teacher at the Polytechnic. director from 1933 to 1934,
Appointed member of the Italian Academy, he became vice-president for the physical, mathematical and natural sciences. He was a member of the Superior Council of Public Works. and of the Higher Technical Committee for electrotechnical and communications services; section president of the National Research Council: expert of the Society of Nations for the communications service; general president of the Italian Electrotechnical Association: president of the "Galileo Ferraris" National Institute of Electrotechnics, member of the Inter-Allied Technical Committee of Radiocommunications. He studies and publishes both in the fields of electrical engineering and radio engineering. Among other things, he was the first to formulate the mathematical theory of the thermionic valve which is summarized in the Vallauri equation." He was also the forerunner of remote measurement of the electromagnetic field radiated by a transmitting station
Page 10 is unreadable to me
9.)
XIV GAETANO ArtURO Crocco - Commemorazione di B. Finzi. Il discorso inaugurale del secondo corso ebbe per titolo: « Dall’antiaereo alla base orbitale ». In essa affacciò l’idea del polistadio per accrescere la gittata, adombrò il problema del rientro per satelliti con equipaggio e quello del rifornimento nello spazio.
Fra le altre pubblicazioni ricordo quella su « La sopportazione fisiologica nei missili a reazione », la Nota lincea intitolata « La barriera della temperatura nei missili geodetici », quella su « Quesiti sui missili geodetici » del Seminario matematico e fisico di Milano. Ricordo altresì le belle sintesi «I fondamenti dell’astronautica », « Dal dirigibile al missile », « Anticipazioni di nautica interplanetaria », « Il primo passo verso l'astronautica » e molte altre, fra le quali sono degne di particolare rilievo le Note lincee « Formulazioni di Meccanica astronautica » del 1955, quella dell’Accademia pontificia « Possibilità e limiti della cosmonautica » del 1957. E’ stato memorabile il suo discorso inaugurale al VII Congresso astronautico internazionale di Roma nel 1956, nel quale, partendo dal satellite artificiale, si avventura nell'esplorazione siderale, valendosi della teoria della relatività. E' pure memorabile la sua proposta « Giro esplorativo di un anno Terra-Marte-Venere-Terra », ancor oggi detta « missione Crocco ». L'epoca più favorevole per la missione sarà il giugno 1971,
Nella Nota dell’Accademia pontificia del 1957 Crocco così profetizza: « L'alimentazione endogena del getto propulsore viene riserbata allo stadio finale di marcia, e si usufriusce dell’alimentazione esogena per partire dalla terra, frenare e ritornarvi. Gli stadi intermedi saranno percorsi a velocità uniforme senza consumo e le totali distanze valicabili consentiranno di scegliere le ricognizioni entro una sfera contenente 20.000 stelle. La più lontana richiederà 28 anni di vita dell'equipaggio per andare e tornare. Utopia! »... Ma, continua Crocco, «è stato detto che tutta la nostra civiltà è sbocciata dall’utopia ».
Dopo il volo del primo Sputnik, che realizzava quanto egli aveva vaticinato, concluse, al di là degli ottant'anni, la sua miracolosa attività di scienziato e di profeta col magistrale discorso al VII Convegno internazionale delle comunicazioni, tenutosi a Genova nel 1959, « Le determinanti dell'era astronautica », con quello tenuto nell'adunanza solenne del 1960 ai Lincei « Anticipazioni extra-terrestri » e con il suo contributo all'opera «Il mondo della tecnica » del 1962 « Il momento astro-cosmonautico ». E’ questo un piccolo trattato sull'attività spaziale dalle origini al volo di Gagarin, nel quale si spinge anche nell’ambito della teoria della relatività e della propulsione fotonica.
Ricordo infine i titoli di alcuni studi e meditazioni su problemi che esulano dall’aeronautica: « La proprietà scientifica », « La degradazione della ricchezza », « Il diavolo e la ricerca atomica » (storia della bomba atomica), « Discorso del gradiente » (riguardante l’accelerarsi esasperato del progresso scientifico), « Premesse scientifiche al diritto spaziale
9.)
XIV GAETANO ArtURO Crocco - Commemoration of B. Finzi. The inaugural speech of the second course was entitled: "From anti-aircraft to the orbital base". In it he presented the idea of the multi-stage to increase the range, he outlined the problem of re-entry for manned satellites and that of refueling in space.
Among the other publications I remember the one on «Physiological tolerance in jet missiles», the Nota lincea entitled «The temperature barrier in geodetic missiles», the one on «Questions on geodetic missiles» of the Mathematical and Physical Seminar of Milan. I also remember the beautiful summaries «The foundations of astronautics», «From the airship to the missile», «Previews of interplanetary nautical», «The first step towards astronautics» and many others, among which the Notes are worthy of particular note lincee « Formulations of Astronautical Mechanics » of 1955, that of the Pontifical Academy « Possibilities and limits of cosmonautics » of 1957. His inaugural speech at the VII International Astronautical Congress in Rome in 1956 was memorable, in which, starting from the artificial satellite , ventures into sidereal exploration, making use of the theory of relativity. His proposal for a "one-year exploratory tour of Earth-Mars-Venus-Earth" is also memorable, still known today as the "Crocco mission". The most favorable time for the mission will be June 1971,
In the Note of the Papal Academy of 1957 Crocco prophesies as follows: «The endogenous power supply of the propulsive jet is reserved for the final stage of travel, and the exogenous power supply is used to start from the earth, brake and return there. The intermediate stages will be traveled at uniform speed without consumption and the total distances that can be crossed will allow the choice of reconnaissance within a sphere containing 20,000 stars. The furthest will require 28 years of crew life to get there and back. Utopia! »... But, Crocco continues, «it has been said that our entire civilization blossomed from utopia».
After the flight of the first Sputnik, which realized what he had prophesied, he concluded, beyond the age of eighty, his miraculous activity as a scientist and prophet with a masterly speech at the VII International Communications Conference, held in Genoa in 1959, « The determinants of the astronautical era", with the one held in the solemn meeting of 1960 at the Lincei "Anticipations extra-terrestrials" and with his contribution to the work "The world of technology" of 1962 "The astro-cosmonautic moment". This is a small treatise on space activity from its origins to Gagarin's flight, in which he also delves into the theory of relativity and photonic propulsion.
Finally, I recall the titles of some studies and meditations on problems that go beyond aeronautics: "Scientific property", "The degradation of wealth", "The devil and atomic research" (history of the atomic bomb), "Discourse on the gradient" (concerning the exasperated acceleration of scientific progress), « Scientific premises for space law
10.)
Supponiamola di cinque, cioè “cinque volte quella che si risente in volo rettilineo o sulla superficie della terra, presa come unità. Trattasi di un elevato. ‘valore; di acrobazia pesante. In tale sopportazione. il peso del corpo del pilota diverrà mediamente di 360 chili, di cui 300 graveranno sul seggiolino e gli altri sui ‘comandi.’ Le sue braccia, distese sul volante o sulla leva di guida aggraveranno di una ventina di chili ciascuna e le gambe allungate verso la pedaliera dovranno complessivamente sostenere il sovraccarico di un centinaio di chili. Il cervello premerà per quasi sette chili sulla base del cranio; gli occhi affonderanno nell'orbita, generando il fenomeno del veder nero e le palpebre si appesantiranno come per sonno improvviso; i visceri s'insaccheranno nell'addome; la respirazione si farà difficile;
il cuore dovrà sospingere nelle arterie un liquido che per effetto della centrifugazione verso il basso assumerà una densità quintupla della normale.
tutto avverà come se il corpo del pilota venisse d’un tratto a trovarsi alla superficie di un pianeta, che diremo il pianeta X, ove la gravità fosse ‘cinque volte quella terrestre. Un tal pianeta non esiste nel sistema solare; perché su Giove, il più grosso, essa è appena due volte e mezza; ma la immagine è suggestiva ai fini della nostra esposizione.
Quali conseguenze anatomiche e funzionali l’organismo umano questo temporaneo gravame? Evidentemente’ non ne avrà se gli organi del volatore, appena cessata la manovra, saranno in grado di riprendere in piena immunità le loro funzioni; ed il tal caso quel pilota
10.)
Suppose it is five, that is, "five times what is felt in straight flight or on the surface of the earth, taken as a unit. This is a high one. 'value; of heavy aerobatics. In such endurance. the weight of the driver's body will become on average 360 kilos, of which 300 will weigh on the seat and the others on the 'controls.' His arms, stretched out on the steering wheel or on the driving lever, will weigh on the the pedal set will have to support an overload of around one hundred kilos in total. The brain will press almost seven kilos on the base of the skull; the eyes will sink into the socket, generating the phenomenon of seeing black and the eyelids will become heavy as if due to sudden sleep; the viscera will become encased in the abdomen; breathing will become difficult;
the heart will have to push a liquid into the arteries which, due to the downward centrifugation, will take on five times the normal density.
everything will happen as if the pilot's body suddenly found itself on the surface of a planet, which we will call planet X, where the gravity was five times that of Earth. Such a planet does not exist in the solar system; because on Jupiter, the largest, it is just two and a half times; but the image is suggestive for the purposes of our exposition.
What anatomical and functional consequences does this temporary burden have on the human organism? Evidently there will be none if the flier's organs, as soon as the maneuver has ceased, are able to resume their functions with full immunity
11.)
Dal 1951 in poi l’attività scientifica di Crocco, ormai vecchio, fu rivolta al volo nello spazio extra-atmosferico e all’astronautica. Già nel 1923, a dire il vero, aveva precorso i tempi con la Nota lincea « Sulla possibilità della navigazione extra-atmosferica », in cui proponeva di valersi della reazione provocata dall’efflusso dei prodotti della disintegrazione di materiale radioattivo. Si trattava, in sostanza, della propulsione ionica, ancor oggi non ancora realizzata praticamente. Nel 1927 aveva iniziato ricerche anche sperimentali sui propellenti solidi per i razzi, in collaborazione col figlio Luigi, e aveva poi ripreso tali ricerche fra il 1932 e il 1935. Segnalo altresì la Nota lincea del 1946 « Sulla applicazione dell'energia atomica alla navigazione interplanetaria ». Nel discorso inaugurale del primo corso di missilistica e astronautica, tenuto a Roma nel 1951, parlò dei missili geodetici, trattando dei propellenti e del calcolo delle traiettorie nell'ipotesi di terra piatta e in quella di terra
11.)
From 1951 onwards, Crocco's scientific activity, now old, was aimed at outer space flight and astronautics. Already in 1923, to tell the truth, he had been ahead of his time with the Nota lincea «On the possibility of extra-atmospheric navigation», in which he proposed making use of the reaction caused by the outflow of the products of the disintegration of radioactive material. It was, essentially, ion propulsion, which has not yet been practically achieved today. In 1927 he had begun experimental research on solid propellants for rockets, in collaboration with his son Luigi, and had then resumed such research between 1932 and 1935. I would also like to point out the Note line of 1946 « On the application of atomic energy to interplanetary navigation ». In the inaugural speech of the first rocketry and astronautics course, held in Rome in 1951, he spoke about geodetic missiles, dealing with propellants and the calculation of trajectories
12.) Pretty sure that's all the relevant pages for this one; the rest are either superfluous or establishing identity of those above, the Numbers are just To keep organized, not Page numbers.
Translated document 2
https://archive.org/details/ufo-crash-at-vergiate
1.)
Sullo stradale ira Novara e Magenta cinque operai che rincasavano in bicicletta durante un temporale sono stativi investiti dal fulmine e gettati violentemente a terra. Uno di casi è rimasto gravemente ferito.
1.)
On the road between Novara and Magenta five workers were returning home by bicycle during during a storm they were struck by lightning and violently thrown to the ground. One of the cases was seriously injured.
Soon to be translated document 3
https://archive.org/details/marconis-death-ray/mode/1up
This is going to require alot of help. My will To do this with a language I don't know is at an end for this moment.
The archives of the Newspapers reflected by Pinnoti may be fully available on the archive but without more expert translation Services I'm not totally sure. Let this be a baseline That the documents most likely exist. There are more things available to those to speak Italian I simply need someone to read it all; figure out which pictures are which and translate appropriately.

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Stupid question...
Aq nak tulis cerita, tapi tak tahu pasal benda tu. Kalau sekolah pemulihan macam Henry Gurney or the fictional Sekolah Wira Bakti. Jadi persoalannya, macam mana seseorang remaja yang masuk ke sekolah itu boleh dilepaskan. Boleh ke kalau ada orang yang suka hati je nak lepaskan sesiapa dari sekolah tu macam contoh, duit. Benda ni boleh terjadi ke kalau sekolah tu korup?
Tolong jangan marah tanya soalan pelik" macam ni. Jangan kecam ☺️👌

Hello everyone!
Welcome to our first discussion for our next quarterly non-fiction read, Thinking, Fast and Slow, by Daniel Kahneman. We're kicking things off by reading the Introduction through Chapter 4 this week. A summary is listed below.
Kahneman begins by telling us his ideal scenario for how readers will use the info in the book: to improve office gossip. Really, that's what he's most hoping readers will do. Kahneman points out that gossip in general is a chance for us to develop our decision making skills by evaluating others' decisions and the consequences. It's also generally a more powerful motivator for self-criticism than other sources, such as New Year's resolutions.
Kahneman notes that his book is intended to help readers develop a larger vocabulary and deeper understanding of the topic of decision-making similar to the type of knowledge that medical students develop about diseases. In particular, the book focuses on understanding biases related to intuition, which Kahneman believes we often fail to account for when evaluating our decisions. Ideally, by developing a greater understanding of intuition and potential biases, we can improve our decision making and offer better advice when gossiping with coworkers.
Kahneman explains that the central ideas of the book can be traced back to a guest lecture by a colleague, Amos Tversky, for a seminar he taught at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel in 1969. During the guest lecture, the two of them concluded that although most people intuitively pick up grammar rules for a language, most people cannot intuitively pick up statistical rules that affect decision-making. The two decided to embark on a study to see if this conclusion was correct for other researchers and discovered that even statisticians failed to intuitively understand statistical rules and phenomena. Kahneman and Tversky spent fourteen years running a series of experiments focused on trying to understand and analyze how intuition affects our thought processes and consequently decisions. He lists a few examples of some of the questions they tested for their experiments and notes the effect of their landmark article in Science magazine detailing their work on heuristics and biases in intuitive thinking. Afterwards, Kahneman and Tversky spent five more years running experiments focused on decision making under uncertainty, releasing another article in Science magazine that became one of the foundations of behavioral economics.
Kahneman reassures us that the book is not merely a rehash of the early research he and Tversky conducted. Instead, he wants to discuss how recent developments in cognitive and social psychology have deepened our understanding of how the mind works. In particular, Kahneman plans to focus on a psychological theory of two systems of thinking: a fast system, which relies on intuition, perception, and memory, and a slow system, which relies on deliberate evaluation. Most of the book focuses on the fast system and mutual influences between the two systems.
Chapter 1 starts Part 1, which is focused on developing an understanding and vocabulary about the two-systems approach to thinking and decision-making. Kahneman introduces us to a demonstration of the difference between fast thinking based on intuition and slow thinking right away. He also points out some of the ways that we might switch between fast and slow thinking based on the specifics of a problem and even some of the physical effects of slow thinking. We then learn a formal definition of fast thinking, which Kahneman will refer to as System 1, and slow thinking, which Kahneman will refer to as System 2, complete with examples. Kahneman also notes the general perceptions we often have of how Systems 1 and 2 play out in our lives and the actual reality of they work. In particular, System 2 uses voluntary actions on our part to engage in System 1 actions for a specific purpose - but, the effort to focus our attention on engaging System 1 actions to complete a task for System 2 comes at a cost. We often think of ourselves based on the results of System 2, but much of our thinking is actually governed by System 1, which is in charge the majority of the time, even though we don't realize it. Instead, System 2 is content to let System 1 take the lead and relies on its results, only coming into play when we specifically focus our attention on a task.
The rest of the book will largely focus on this arrangement between Systems 1 and 2 and the ways in which things can occasionally go wrong. Kahneman presents an example task that deliberately creates a conflict between System 1 and System 2, showing us how different aspects of the given task utilize System 1 and System 2 and how they work together, or not. Next, we learn about a famous visual illusion, the Mueller-Lyer illusion, and how we have to teach our System 2 to disregard System 1's intuition about the illusion and then rely on System 1's memory action to recognize the illusion in the future. This scenario can be applied not just to visual illusions but "cognitive illusions" as well, when System 2 has to consciously override our System 1 intuition about a given problem. Kahneman explains that trying to overcome cognitive illusions is difficult because the effort to be so critical of our thoughts is highly inefficient and exhausting. At best, we end up with a sort of compromise where we try to be aware of situations where mistakes are more likely and be more careful in high-stakes scenarios where mistakes would be costly. Kahneman ends chapter 1 by reminding readers that his descriptions of System 1 and System 2 will use intentional personifications of the concepts to more effectively make his points about how the two systems work. After all, as folktales, office gossip, and stories of all kinds show us, we tend to learn how to approach decisions more easily when evaluating other people's decisions, in a quirk that comes down to the two systems themselves.
We start Chapter 2 by focusing our effort on...effort. As we've read earlier, System 2 likes to think its the main star of the show. In fact, it's pretty lazy and only wants to kick in when absolutely necessary; therefore it relies a lot on the insights of System 1, who actually is the star of the show. However, that also means that it takes quite a bit of effort when System 2 needs to take over and overcome the limitations of System 1. How much effort? Well, we can learn that quickly with the Add-1 exercise, which is definitely more exhausting to actually do than it is to read about. Kahneman is very familiar with the Add-1 exercise and its more maddening cousin, Add-3; it was a primary mechanism for an experiment he conducted with a colleague Jackson Beatty at the University of Michigan.
The purpose of the study was to build upon the work of Eckhard Hess, who studied how pupil size and dilation occurs in response to various stimuli, such as emotional arousal and mental effort. Kahneman and Beatty set up experiments to measure pupil size in response to mental effort via the Add-1 and Add-3 exercises. They were able to accurately predict factors such as mental effort over the course of solving a problem and when a participant would quit the task due to overload. They were also able to replicate the symptoms of temporary blindness during a task that requires a high mental effort. Funnily enough, even outside of the exercises of the experiment, they discovered that a casual conversation seemed to require little effort at all comparatively.
Kahneman asserts that pupil size is a reliable indicator of mental effort, much in the same way that an electricity meter is (or is supposed to be) a reliable indicator of electricity use in a building. The two are quite similar until it comes to dealing with an overload. While drawing too much power normally trips a breaker and cuts off all devices on the circuit, System 2 focuses all effort on the most important task and allocates extra effort to other, lower-priority tasks as possible. As you become more skilled in a task, less effort is required to perform it; similarly, talent also reduces the effort required to perform a task. Generally speaking, our brains follow the law of least effort, where, given a variety of ways we can approach a task, we will tend to gravitate to the one that requires the least effort.
So what exactly defines the difference between behaviors and thinking for System 1 versus System 2? We've seen some examples earlier, but now we're presented with a more formal definition. System 1, as noted above, deals primarily with the automatic, involuntary actions of intuition, memory, and perception. It can detect simple relations and excels at integrating multiple pieces of information about one thing. System 2, which deals primarily with effortful, voluntary actions, handles cases where you need to maintain several ideas relating to separate actions simultaneously in memory, or when needing to combine several actions based on a rule. It's responsible for comparing options based on multiple attributes and making deliberate choices. It's also responsible for organizing task sets, which require overriding the automatic actions of System 1 to perform some type of task. Time pressure can often push a task into System 2 territory and, in the megazord of psychological research, we have learned that switching between tasks veers into System 2 territory, particularly during a time crunch. In our day-to-day lives, we do our best to avoid overloading System 2 by dividing tasks into multiple stages, allowing us to rely on tools or long-term memory to store intermediate results as savepoints.
Chapter 3 examines System 2, or the controller, in more details. We learn that System 2 has a natural speed, much like most people have a natural walking speed. And, just as trying to walk faster than your natural walking speed requires effort, so does completing tasks at a rate faster than your System 2 natural speed. In fact, trying to walk faster than your natural walking speed requires you to divert more of your attention to your walk and deliberately maintaining your faster pace - an act of self-control. As Kahneman states, "[self]-control and deliberate thought apparently draw on the same limited budget of effort." This maxim of course extends beyond just the example of Kahneman's leisurely strolls in Berkeley, California - most activities that require effortful thinking and/or a coherent train of thought also require some degree of self-control to stay on task. That effort of self-control to stay on task bumps up against the law of least effort and in short, is the reason why your room might be the cleanest it's been all semester during exam season. Now sometimes, you can manage to engage in effortful thinking without exerting too much effort by entering a state of flow, a term coined by psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (pronounced six-cent-mihaly). A flow state can occur when engaging in any of a broad range of activities, where the effort to deliberately control your attention drops to zero and all of the effort can be focused on the task at hand.
Ok, so nowadays - as in May 2024 - we've established that self-control and cognitive effort are both forms of mental work. Research shows that people are more likely to yield to a temptation if presented during a challenging cognitive task. In fact, cognitive busyness can lead to a loss of self-control and all sorts of behaviors that are usually considered undesirable in a given situation (or any situation). System 2 is in charge of controlling thoughts and behaviors and all variants of voluntary effort - cognitive, emotional, or physical - draw on its singular pool of mental energy. In fact, repeated draws on that pool of mental energy in the form of successive tasks leads to a higher likelihood that you are unable or unwilling to exert self-control in subsequent tasks, a phenomenon known as ego depletion. Generally speaking, tasks that involve some level of conflict and suppressing automatic behaviors tends to deplete self-control and that in turn leads to all kinds of behaviors that are generally considered undesirable for one reason or another.
Kahneman does point out that there is a difference between high cognitive load on System 2 and ego depletion. Your System 2 has a hard limit, and when the cognitive load is too high for your capacity, the only solution is to reduce the cognitive load - there's no option to increase your capacity (yet). On the other hand, ego depletion is a loss of willpower or motivation to complete successive tasks over time. You could do that fifth and final problem on your hard homework assignment, you just don't want to. However, if it's due an hour, you'll push through somehow. One silver lining that has emerged from research on ego depletion is the link to glucose depletion in the body and the potential for glucose to mitigate the effects of ego depletion. This is particularly promising and worth investigating more, as that horrifying study of parole judges shows.
Earlier we read that System 2 is in charge of monitoring the thoughts and behaviors of System 1 and choosing when to let it proceed and when to kick in for a given task. Kahneman takes us through a few examples of experiments he conducted with a colleague, Shane Frederick, on a theory of judgement based on the two systems. The first two examples show how our intuition leads us to an incorrect answer that could have been avoided with a bit of effort by System 2. However, by and large people don't exert that effort and just rely on the answer that immediately comes to mind. This is, of course, concerning when you realize the sheer amount of thinking and decisions we make in our day-to-day lives. So long as we jump to the conclusion that we believe is true, we stick with it and favor supporting arguments, even when a more thorough review of the problem reveals the arguments and therefore conclusion to be unsound. Another example demonstrates the extent to which our memory can affect our thinking and cognitive performance, which depends on the type of information we commit to memory compared to the task at hand as well as our ability to recall that specific information when needed. Yet again, a more deliberate search through our memory via System 1 is something that is performed by System 2 and requires effort. Ultimately, the law of least effort often means that when a superficially plausible solution to problem comes to mind, we tend to run with it unless we're motivated to dig deeper. It takes more purposeful effort to engage with our System 2 to avoid these pitfalls and attain the classical definition of rational behavior.
Kahneman wraps up chapter 3 by reviewing the ways researchers have attempted to examine the connection between thinking and self-control in recent decades. The "Oreo" experiment conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel and his students is one of the most famous examples, showing the connection between an earlier understanding of the benefits of delayed gratification and later measurements of executive control in cognitive tasks, executive functioning, and intelligence. Another set of experiments at the University of Oregon explored the connection between cognitive control and intelligence, including if it was possible to increase intelligence by improving cognitive control of attention. Kahneman's colleague Shane Frederick developed a test that is a predictor of lazy thinking, teasing out a person's tendency to rely on System 1 versus System 2 and the common characteristics of each group compared to the other. Finally, Keith Stanovich, one of the duo that coined the terms System 1 and System 2, has continued to study what makes some people more susceptible to biases of judgement. He has proposed that System 2 is composed of two parts or "minds": one mind that deals with slow thinking and demanding computation and can be associated with intelligence and one mind that deals with choosing when to engage System 2 and can be associated with rationality. Stanovich argues that high intelligence does not preclude a person from falling into traps due to biases and that we should look to these tests as better measurements of when we are more susceptible to cognitive errors.
Chapter 4 opens with a striking example to demonstrate all of the involuntary actions your System 1 takes a moment's notice. As the example shows, anything and everything can trigger System 1's associative activation, in which one idea activating triggers a whole network of associated ideas to also activate, and then those trigger other associated ideas to activate, and so on. "Ideas" is maybe a bit of a misnomer here - a better term might be "thought," but that still carries a connotation of purposeful effort. With System 1 and associative activation, however, these are a set of cognitive, emotional, and physical responses to triggers that also trigger other responses, all of which happens automatically and involuntarily on your part. Moreover, System 1's associate activation triggers ideas/thoughts/responses that are associatively coherent and do their best to make sense of the situation, despite the wide variety of actions that occurred. And, as we see in the example, System 1 creates an imagined replica of the example that we physically and emotionally react to, even when the example in question represents two abstract concepts. As Kahneman notes, we think with our whole body, not just our brain.
The phenomenon of associative activation is fairly well-known. Eighteenth century Scottish philosopher David Hume first proposed that the association of ideas occurs according to the three principles of resemblance, contiguity in time and place, and causality. This is a good starting point, but we've had a few new ideas since then. For one thing, Kahneman, and likely many psychologists, take a more expansive view of what constitutes an "idea" besides a person, place or thing (wait a minute). Psychologists today have also moved away from the school of thought that associative activation happens as your mind navigates from one idea to the next in sequence. Instead, today's prevailing theory of associative memory holds that ideas are like nodes in a network, with links of all kinds between the nodes. Once you activate one node for an idea, all linked nodes and therefore ideas are activated simultaneously, and then their linked nodes and ideas are activated simultaneously, and ok you get the idea. One other important aspect of the associative memory theory is that most of this activation happens unconsciously. Only a small subset of them will actually be registered as conscious thoughts.
In recent decades, we've come to understand associative activation as it relates to the concept of "priming." Once an idea is activated, the associated ideas linked to the original are also activated and become easier to use if needed - or "primed for use", if you will. Priming, like associative activation, also operates like a network, although the second order effects - like a primed idea causing another idea to prime - are a bit weaker. And we're being pretty loose with our language by using "idea" here because priming applies to words, concepts, actions, and emotions, as Kahneman shows in various examples. Like associative activation, much of the act of priming occurs in System 1 automatically and unconsciously. We can also see reciprocal links occur quite a bit for both associative activation and priming. As Kahneman explains, several studies have demonstrated how particular actions will prime people for certain concepts and thoughts and how those same concepts and thoughts will prime people for the same particular actions, in a chicken-egg paradox.
Of course, priming and associative activation isn't all rainbows and sunshine. The fact that priming occurs so often automatically and unconsciously can be disturbing, given that we like to believe we're much more deliberate about who we are as a person. Kahneman refences two experiments regarding ballot initiatives for school funding and money that show that priming can induce us to create a culture of behaviors and beliefs that, if pondered, we wouldn't necessarily agree with, and that this can happen without us even realizing it. Given those experiments and other research, it begs the question of how other actions can prime us to perform certain behaviors and schools of thought that in turn prime us to those initial actions.
Kahneman wraps up chapter 4 with an unsettling breaking of the fourth wall. He asserts that, as readers complete the chapter, they often disbelieve that associative activation and priming have that much of an effect on our lives. Remember, System 2 likes to believe it is what determines the defining characteristics of our personality. Kahneman then proceeds to break down the questions the reader is likely contemplating as they read the chapter and assess if priming is that big of a deal or not. And, more importantly, Kahneman asserts that despite what System 2 wants to believe - you are subject to the effects of priming. We can see demonstrations of it in the world around us, including the final example of the chapter. The research done on priming and associative activation isn't the result of some extraordinary circumstance or statistical fluke. System 2 likes to construct a narrative for who we are, what we believe, and how we behave, but in reality, these things are heavily dictated by the automatic, involuntary, and often unconscious actions of System 1.
Discussion questions are listed below. Friendly reminder that we only covering the introduction to Chapter 4 this week, and all comments should be limited to that section. Any comments that include spoilers will be removed, regardless of whether they are hidden behind a spoiler tag!
Next week u/tomesandtea will cover Chapters 5 through 10. See you then!

IF YOU HAVE TALENT/SKILLS I RECOMMEND YOU TO KEEP IT HIDDEN. I'm M and currently a grade 12 student sa di kalakihang semi-private school around mindanao. I have this unique deep masculine voice that is fit for broadcasting and hosting and I never feel nervous when I'm ask on the spot. Ever since the school found out about this, almost every month ako na ang nag hohost ng mga event sa school namin from Grade 11 to Grade 12! The worst part is never nilang tinatanong sa akin kung okay lang ba sakin or okay lang ba sa schedule ko! I'm sorry pero I feel upset about it. Even if I'm just a student nakakawala po siya ng respeto. Imagine i chachat kalang na bukas ako daw emcee sa ganito. Nilalaban din nila ako sa inter school tsaka regional meets pero di sila nag proprovide ng budget and never even give me some time na mag training 😭. Ngayon I have a schedule this May 9 for an Extemporanous Speech Regional wide that I badly want to win and guess what!? Yung school namin may campus festival May2-3 ako mag hohost tsaka may seminar sa May 6 ako ulit!? I know what you guys are probably thinking. I mean why not decline? Haha, sasabihin lang sakin na na submit na daw sa admin ang proposal and di na siya mababago and threatens me na miminusan grades ko. Now, should I cancel/ditch the mc things and focus on my upcoming competition??😭😭

can anyone give any information on the onelife investing group
i attended a seminar in Perth and the owner Roy Macdonald appears very scammy
does anyone have any person experiences of the group
they propose they have "money partners " and access to off market property or property that has been on the market for a long time and they finance you renovating and selling for the owner
i paid for a 4 day course later in the year and have found some bad reviews online , but most things often get bad reviews

can anyone give any information on the onelife investing group
i attended a seminar in Perth and the owner Roy Macdonald appears very scammy
does anyone have any person experiences of the group
they propose they have "money partners " and access to off market property or property that has been on the market for a long time and they finance you renovating and selling for the owner
i paid for a 4 day course later in the year and have found some bad reviews online , but most things often get bad reviews

Good day! I am Vito Vergara, a Talent Acquisition Specialist from Dempsey Resource Management Inc. And as the same, I am commissioned by our client company to source and endorse candidates for different posts. Positions being offered are for direct and permanent hire by the company client itself, not under agency and absolutely NO fee from your end is required. In other words, I merely act as a conduit for you and our company client. To know more about us, please visit our website at http://dempseyinc.weebly.com/\
​
I. TECHNICAL SALES REPRESENTATIVE (COSMETICS)
QUALIFICATIONS:

• Bachelor's Degree in Science or any related Science Course
• Cosmetic Science/ Chemistry/ Chemical Engineering/ Pharmacy Graduate is an Advantage
• Food Technology Graduate / Chemistry and Pharmacy Graduate is an Advantage
• Willingness to travel

RESPONSIBILITIES:

• Achieved monthly and annual sales target in the assigned area
• Approached and promote the principal’s products to existing and potential customers
• Develops, handles, and maintains the business to customers by achieving monthly KPI, by visiting and addressing inquiries and concerns, and by providing technical assistance and product knowledge
• Communicate with superior from time to time to discuss situations and activities on assigned territory
• Proposing the product’s price by cost structure approved by superior
• Assist the Credit and Collection Department, in collecting and/or setting receivables
• Contributes and suggest ideas toward improving and/or achieving sales and marketing objectives of the company
• Benchmarks and monitors competitors' prices, strategies, and activities
• Assist in checking inventory reports and assure stocks is within buffer level
• Attend seminars and training on product knowledge and self-development to increase efficiency in both technical and marketing skills
• Perform other duties and responsibilities that may be assigned from time to time.

BENEFITS:

• Additional leave
• Company car
• Company events
• Health insurance
• Life insurance
• On-site parking (for Carmona, Cavite Office)
• Opportunities for promotion
• Paid toll fees
• Paid training
• Laptop

Supplemental pay types:

• 13th month salary
• Anniversary bonus
• Bonus pay
• Incentive pay

WORK LOCATION:

• Cebu City

​
II. SALES AND MARKETING REPRESENTATIVE
QUALIFICATIONS:

• Bachelor's Degree in Science or any related Science Course
• Food Technology Graduate / Chemistry and Pharmacy Graduate is an Advantage
• Willingness to travel

RESPONSIBILITIES:

• Achieve monthly and annual sales targets in the assigned area
• Approach and promote principal’s products to existing and potential customers
• Develops, handles, and maintains the business to customers by achieving monthly - KPI, by visiting and addressing inquiries and concerns, and by providing technical assistance and product knowledge
• Communicate with superior from time to time to discuss situations and activities on assigned territory
• Proposing the product’s price by cost structure approved by superior
• Assist the Credit and Collection Department, in collecting and/or setting receivables
• Contribute and suggest ideas toward improving and/or achieving sales and marketing objectives of the company
• Benchmarks and monitors competitors' prices, strategies, and activities
• Assist in checking inventory reports and assure stocks are within buffer level
• Attend seminars and training on product knowledge and self-development to increase efficiency in both technical and marketing skills
• Perform other duties and responsibilities that may be assigned from time to time

BENEFITS:

• Additional leave
• Company car
• Company events
• Health insurance
• Life insurance
• On-site parking (for Carmona, Cavite Office)
• Opportunities for promotion
• Paid toll fees
• Paid training
• Laptop

Supplemental pay types:

• 13th month salary
• Anniversary bonus
• Bonus pay
• Incentive pay

WORK LOCATION:

• Cebu City

​
FOR MORE INQUIRIES AND/OR IF INTERESTED, MESSAGE ME IN VIBER (09771704223) OR SEND ME AN EMAIL WITH “REDDIT APPLICATION – (POSITION APPLYING FOR)” AS SUBJECT: dempseyinc97@gmail.com

Good day! I am Vito Vergara, a Talent Acquisition Specialist from Dempsey Resource Management Inc. And as the same, I am commissioned by our client company to source and endorse candidates for different posts. Positions being offered are for direct and permanent hire by the company client itself, not under agency and absolutely NO fee from your end is required. In other words, I merely act as a conduit for you and our company client. To know more about us, please visit our website at http://dempseyinc.weebly.com/\
​
I. TECHNICAL SALES REPRESENTATIVE (COSMETICS)
QUALIFICATIONS:

• Bachelor's Degree in Science or any related Science Course
• Cosmetic Science/ Chemistry/ Chemical Engineering/ Pharmacy Graduate is an Advantage
• Food Technology Graduate / Chemistry and Pharmacy Graduate is an Advantage
• Willingness to travel

RESPONSIBILITIES:

• Achieved monthly and annual sales target in the assigned area
• Approached and promote the principal’s products to existing and potential customers
• Develops, handles, and maintains the business to customers by achieving monthly KPI, by visiting and addressing inquiries and concerns, and by providing technical assistance and product knowledge
• Communicate with superior from time to time to discuss situations and activities on assigned territory
• Proposing the product’s price by cost structure approved by superior
• Assist the Credit and Collection Department, in collecting and/or setting receivables
• Contributes and suggest ideas toward improving and/or achieving sales and marketing objectives of the company
• Benchmarks and monitors competitors' prices, strategies, and activities
• Assist in checking inventory reports and assure stocks is within buffer level
• Attend seminars and training on product knowledge and self-development to increase efficiency in both technical and marketing skills
• Perform other duties and responsibilities that may be assigned from time to time.

BENEFITS:

• Additional leave
• Company car
• Company events
• Health insurance
• Life insurance
• On-site parking (for Carmona, Cavite Office)
• Opportunities for promotion
• Paid toll fees
• Paid training
• Laptop

Supplemental pay types:

• 13th month salary
• Anniversary bonus
• Bonus pay
• Incentive pay

WORK LOCATION:

• Cebu City

​
II. SALES AND MARKETING REPRESENTATIVE
QUALIFICATIONS:

• Bachelor's Degree in Science or any related Science Course
• Food Technology Graduate / Chemistry and Pharmacy Graduate is an Advantage
• Willingness to travel

RESPONSIBILITIES:

• Achieve monthly and annual sales targets in the assigned area
• Approach and promote principal’s products to existing and potential customers
• Develops, handles, and maintains the business to customers by achieving monthly - KPI, by visiting and addressing inquiries and concerns, and by providing technical assistance and product knowledge
• Communicate with superior from time to time to discuss situations and activities on assigned territory
• Proposing the product’s price by cost structure approved by superior
• Assist the Credit and Collection Department, in collecting and/or setting receivables
• Contribute and suggest ideas toward improving and/or achieving sales and marketing objectives of the company
• Benchmarks and monitors competitors' prices, strategies, and activities
• Assist in checking inventory reports and assure stocks are within buffer level
• Attend seminars and training on product knowledge and self-development to increase efficiency in both technical and marketing skills
• Perform other duties and responsibilities that may be assigned from time to time

BENEFITS:

• Additional leave
• Company car
• Company events
• Health insurance
• Life insurance
• On-site parking (for Carmona, Cavite Office)
• Opportunities for promotion
• Paid toll fees
• Paid training
• Laptop

Supplemental pay types:

• 13th month salary
• Anniversary bonus
• Bonus pay
• Incentive pay

WORK LOCATION:

• Cebu City

​
FOR MORE INQUIRIES AND/OR IF INTERESTED, MESSAGE ME IN VIBER (09771704223) OR SEND ME AN EMAIL WITH “REDDIT APPLICATION – (POSITION APPLYING FOR)” AS SUBJECT: dempseyinc97@gmail.com

A week or two ago, I asked about the more experimental ACNA diocese that just set up shop in my part of the world. The church bills itself as actually a "network of microchurches," which was presumably carried over from before the couple administering the nonprofit that the church/es is/are a ministry of were ordained into ACNA a year ago, but the fact that they haven't taken it down suggests that they might really mean it.
I've looked up what microchurches are in general, and it seems like just a re-brand of the house-church/cell-church model, and like those, seems to fit best in the Baptist/Pentecostal ecclesiology. I have a hard time believing that it's amenable to the Anglican context, unless we want to brutalize Matthew 3:9 to suggest that God will also "from these stones raise up" priests in apostolic succession.
The supposed church network itself barely says anything about what their vision looks like, and the only Anglican voices I can find on the subject are from... rather polarizing sources to begin with. There's an article on Anglicans Ablaze; this article from Australian priest Bree Mills that attempts to connect this idea to the Anglican tradition by invoking Methodism (ignoring the schism), the Mothers Union (whose members I don't think saw their meetings as "church"), and the ABC's proposal of "a mixed economy of parish churches and network churches" (ignoring the backlash to that). Apparently ACNA's Diocese of New England also promoted it during the pandemic.
The most mainstream Anglican description I've been able to find seems to come from the Episcopal Diocese of Southern Ohio, which defines a microchurch as:

A small gathering of people led by a lay person or clergyperson for the express purpose of community engagement around a specific affinity. These gatherings can be a precursor to a church plant or a group of spiritual creatives desiring to share faith in life for a particular season.

I can, all in all, see a few arguments for such a thing, but some pretty big cases against.
On the "pro" side:

• Lay leadership can keep neighborhood churches open and worshipping regularly without the need of a priest each week (using Morning PrayeAntecommunion/Service of the Word/Communion By Extension).
• Regions where Anglican presence is small can be served at low cost.
• While not ideal, the clerical shortage can be mitigated by reviving the "country parson" model, with one priest celebrating the Eucharist at a rotation of small churches within an area.

On the "con" side:

• Everything I just said applies just as well to parish churches, probably even more to them. Honestly, "Anglican microchurch" might as well just mean "mission" or "parish in formation."
• The Church has enough safeguarding issues with its regular clergy; you really want to add laymen inviting people over into the mix?
• The Church has enough doctrinal issues with its regular clergy; you really want to add untrained laymen preaching who-knows-what into the mix?
• How will these communities get the Sacraments regularly? How can it be affirmed that they're being taught about their importance?
• Isn't this a kind of plan Esau would come up with, discarding our birthright of time-tested worship in timeless settings for the spiritual gruel people can get from half a dozen churches closer to them, plus online?
• As an observation from a "Save the Parish" sympathizer put it, if people won't go to the church that's stood in the middle of town for a thousand years, they certainly won't go to a stranger's house to see the crucifix in his basement.

Have you heard of Anglican micro-churches? How do they really work, and how do they stay meaningfully Anglican?

I've been posting on this sub for more than a couple years, even longer on older accounts. I'd say that my idea of the "perfect city" hasn't changed too much since I got into urbanism during the pandemic.
While my political ideology has shifted from being a liberal to being a Leftist, I've always had "radical" ideas about how a city like Detroit and a region like Metro Detroit should grow and thrive, which is a topic that I've debated with locals and outsiders for just as long as I've been politically aware.
Well, now, I'd say that while I'm comfortable in my political/economic beliefs, I'm starting the process of analyzing different perspectives on cities and urbanism so that I can have a better understanding of criticisms of my brand of urbanist political theory (Left Municipalism).
I said all of that to say that: when I learned that there was going to be a meetup of Metro Detroit YIMBY, I was interested in going to see if local YIMBYs where the caricatures that I've interacted with on this sub. I didn't go with the intention of debating, arguing, or being dogmatic or anything like that. I just expected the meeting to be more or less a seminar on real estate with libertarian appeals to "freedom".

(I just want to put this here before I get forget to mention it: The YIMBY meetup was put on by a notable local urbanist and a rep from a construction firm, I won't say who exactly they are because in exchange for taking their only documents on their view of YIMBYism in Metro Detroit, they made me swear that I wouldn't give that information out. While YIMBYs aren't ever going to beat the "developer astroturf" allegations, I like keeping my promises)

So, while it was literally just me and the organizers when the meeting was scheduled to start, and I thought literally no one was going to show up, almost 25 minutes in the venue was almost filled, which was surprising.
The organizers were making sure to talk to everyone who came to the meeting, it wasn't a "we have a presentation, look at this" type of situation, it was basically more of like a meet up. The local urbanist literally excused himself from talking to someone to meet me while I was reading their document (I'm pretty active in regional politics and online, so most politicians/reporters/figures that I've met are kind of surprised to see me because I don't really look like your usual advocate).
What I thought was interesting is the fact that, when we talked, I shared basic Left-Urbanist ideas with them and they mostly agreed. We agreed that the city and wider region isn't living up to it's true potential as a once-again great city, we agreed that the current Mayor (Mike Duggan) and the other political leaders of Metro Detroit don't seem interested in helping the city achieve that status, and that the conspiracy theories surrounding 15 minute cities were dumb (he even said that "I just want to walk to the store to get some milk, I'm not a communist". I didn't tell him my political beliefs, but, I couldn't help but to think of this picture of Takeoff in my head)
While they did give more "politician style" answers regarding issues that I have with local YIMBYs and Market Urbanists online like: "How do rents and property values keep climbing in a city with a declining population and a stagnant metro population" and "What's stopping developers from churning just enough units out to market to restrict the supply enough to generate profit", both of them didn't strawman Leftist positions like I see happen too often on this sub, they actually engaged with the positions and gave their view on them.

selected things in their document that stood out:

1. Area median income (AMI) isn't a good judge of affordability
   
2. The Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) is "Neoliberal policy [...]that is squarely rooted in a scarcity thinking in which only a limited amount of LIHTC dollars are available".
   
3. "When development is exclusively targeted in the lowest income areas, where land acquisition costs are low enough to justify risk to developers willing to put money and wield political capital to build there, this is when displacement is more likely to occur from rising rents".
   
4. "Rent control and/or other policy mechanisms working at a local level can be paired with adding new housing supply to ensure that longtime residents can stay in the neighborhoods that they want to live in".
   
5. "In mainstream economic terms [gentrification] is a negative market externality. [...] we can define gentrification broadly as the socially detrimental effects of real estate development in a neighborhood, which may result in the displacement of especially more economically vulnerable people".
   
6. "Some YIMBYs, especially those embracing the more libertarian-leaning, survival of the fittest, ends justify the means, Market Urbanism approach, will argue that gentrification is good [...] this disregards the disastrous effects of displacement on social wellbeing".
   

TL;DConclusion:

I get it that YIMBYs and Market Urbanists are ideologically "diverse" even though in terms of Left Urbanism/Left Municipalism, both "progressives" and libertarians want to make certain "reforms" to the effects of Capital on cities, their people, and their economies while Leftists want to create a different system of economic and social relations, I've never seen this much backtracking from Market Urbanist positions in the housing discourse since the field got popular.
If we were talking about gentrification in 2010, there would be urbanists "on the left" who would seriously argue that gentrification was a "natural cycle of a neighborhood" and, it'd be naive to expect the working class to afford access to downtowns via cheap rent (I had that argument constantly when I first got on Reddit and posted on my city sub), now, it seems like nobody is embracing appeals to markets or capitalism anymore. Even Chuck Marohn just yesterday pushed back against the "just build" dogmatism in his AMA.
This might be me just theorizing about nothing but, I'm guessing that this shift from Market Urbanists is happening because the way we've understood our "social contract" between our local/state/national governments and the concept of capitalism has been destroyed over the past three decades. No one believes anything that they try to present to the public anymore. This moment is a crucial opportunity for Left Urbanists/Left Municipalists who want to see genuine change in their cities, the field of public sentiment is in our favor, we can easily lose public support such as Brandon Johnson is doing in Chicago, or, we can actually propose policies to revolutionize the concept of a "city" or, "metropolitan area".

I'm a graduate student at CMU and the survey will be used for our program-required seminar.
This survey is for a product proposal, at this point, no actual product can be present.
This survey is for those who are interested in software that can help you better understand and manage your sleep.
https://forms.gle/yCxf7ffsNtHFJHJU9

I'm a graduate student at CMU and the survey will be used for our program-required seminar.
This survey is for a product proposal, at this point, no actual product can be present.
This survey is for those who are interested in software that can help you better understand and manage your sleep.
https://forms.gle/yCxf7ffsNtHFJHJU9