Lapis jewelry outlet in mexico

A place for Latin Americans to gather - Foreigners welcome!

2008.06.10 06:35 A place for Latin Americans to gather - Foreigners welcome!

A home for Latin Americans and Caribbeans from all across the internet from Argentina to Mexico. Let this be a place to nurture cultural exchange and celebrate our unique region.
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2024.05.15 14:02 ThrowAway7s2 "Sevastopol Spanish students Aided by Peruvian teacher" from the October 1, 1968 Door County Advocate


TEACHING SPANISH at Sevastopol high school is Luisa Contelli from Peru who is helping the regular teacher with classes and the students with their accent and pronunciation. She is shown above (on the swing) with Denise and Becky Volkmann. Luisa is a guest at the Lester Volkmann home while here. —Advocate

Sevastopol Spanish students Aided by Peruvian teacher

By FRANCES BADTKE
To paraphrase an old saying, "a long speech begins with a single word." And while we would not accuse Luisa Contelli of being "wordy," her English started not so long ago with a single word and she learned to speak English in just four months before she came to this country.
Luisa is a Spanish aid teacher at Sevastopol high school and is assisting the regular teacher with her Spanish classes and helping the students with their pronunciation and accents.
Her English is fluent with a pleasantly charming accent and a person talking with her would never suspect that she had not been speaking English, or perhaps we should say "American" for such a short time. She took an intensive four month course from the Peruvian North American Institute.
When asked if she had trouble with all our various ways of pronouncing the same letters she said, "to study English for me is very hard, to understand is even worse." And if we were to have to get along with people who spoke only Spanish, we would probably echo her words. So when you talk to her, speak slowly and clearly.
Luisa is staying with the Lester Volkmann family on Route 1, Egg Harbor, and she goes back and forth to Sevastopol on the school bus with the Volkmann children. Denise in the seventh grade and Becky in the eighth are especially thrilled that she is their guest while she is in Door county.
Before coming here she was at Concordia college camp where she taught Spanish. Her stay here will be for a total of six weeks, after which she will go on to Chicago, Arkansas, Washington state and California. She will stay for six weeks in each of six locations while in this country.
She will be showing slides at the PTA meeting at Sevastopol this Thursday evening and speak on her country and her experiences.
She has many slides of Incas, hand made materials, festivals and other familiar scenes from her homeland in South America. She is from Piura, Peru, and has three brothers and three sisters. Her father has a tropical plantation and grows cotton and rice.
Luisa herself worked in a bank before coming here. She had been in this country three times prior to this year, but had only spent about a month each time on a vacation. In 1963 she went to Mexico for two months and then to the U.S. for one month.
It never snows in Peru, except in the mountains, and since it is very warm there, usually she finds our cool days something she will have to get used to.
She plans to return to Peru in June, 1969, although she may stay for another year if she likes. But already she is getting just a little lonesome and is anxious to see her family and friends again. She is grateful and thrilled to be here and says "It has given me an opportunity to learn many things."
She writes out a report every week of what she has done, both in her work as a Spanish aid teacher and in her off hours. She writes her impressions of our country and tells what she has been doing and with whom.
Last weekend she visited another teacher at Sevastopol, Mrs. Mona Orthober, and her family. Mrs. Nicholson, also Spanish speaking, was there from the University at Madison.
She is surprised at the youth of some of our bridegrooms and brides and said that in Peru they are about 24 before they feel they are ready to take on the responsibilities of marriage.
One of Luisa's friends in her home town of Piura is the present Miss World, Madeleine Hartog, a stunning, stately brunette. Luisa attended Madeleine's sister's wedding before she came here and Miss World was one of her sister's bridesmaids. Madeleine's sister was named the best secretary in Peru in 1965.
Miss World is crowned each November in London, England, and in November, 1968, Luisa will be able to watch her friend on television as she crowns the new Miss World and hands over her ermine trimmed cape and golden scepter.
Luisa and Miss World
When Luisa speaks to the PTA Thursday, she will also have some things from her country to show. Among these are lovely filigree jewelry In both silver and gold, intricately worked and beautifully designed.
Special families in Peru make certain types of jewelry only and they pass their skills and patterns on to their children and their children's children, keeping them always in the family.
She is the guest of the Lester Volkmanns who volunteered to have her and the family is taking her places around the county to see the scenery and meet different people. All the five children have enjoyed having her in their home. As Luisa said, "I will take my best 'remembers' from Egg Harbor." We can't ask more than that of any visitor.
https://archive.co.door.wi.us/jsp/RcWebImageViewer.jsp?doc_id=1e8fc801-90a4-4104-8e86-19a1ea0947dc/wsbd0000/20151119/00000914&pg_seq=6
Courtesy of the Door County Library Newspaper Archive
[There is also a photo titled "Miss World 1967-68, which is omitted due to possible copyright. It is in the Door County Newspaper Archive. Another similar photo of Madeleine Hartog Bell with sash and scepter is included in this article: https://elcomercio.pe/185-aniversario/1967-l-madeleine-hartog-es-elegida-miss-mundo-l-bicentenario-noticia/ ]
Other visitor profiles:
https://doorcounty.substack.com/t/visitor-profiles
Articles by Frances Badtke:
https://doorcounty.substack.com/t/frances-badtke
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2024.05.15 09:11 Sweet-Count2557 15 Things to Do on a New Paltz Family Day Trip

15 Things to Do on a New Paltz Family Day Trip
15 Things to Do on a New Paltz Family Day Trip Are you looking for a perfect family day trip destination near New York City? Well, you might be surprised to learn that New Paltz, located just 90 miles north of the bustling city, offers a plethora of activities for the whole family to enjoy.From picturesque hiking trails to fascinating museums, this charming town has something for everyone.So, whether you're an outdoor enthusiast, history buff, or simply looking to indulge in delicious food, join us as we uncover the 15 things you can do on a New Paltz family day trip.Trust us, you won't want to miss out on the exciting options that await you!Key TakeawaysOutdoor activities in New Paltz include hiking, rock climbing, biking, and canoeing/kayaking.There are various indoor activities such as visiting museums, attending performances, and playing at indoor parks.Educational activities include visiting art museums, learning about history, and exploring science centers.Families can enjoy dining at family-friendly restaurants, visiting parks and playgrounds, and exploring farms in the area.Outdoor ActivitiesWhen it comes to outdoor activities in New Paltz, there's no shortage of options for adventure and exploration. The town is surrounded by beautiful natural landscapes, making it the perfect destination for hiking and rock climbing enthusiasts.New Paltz is home to numerous hiking trails that cater to all skill levels, offering breathtaking views and the opportunity to connect with nature. One popular hiking destination is the Mohonk Preserve, which boasts over 8,000 acres of stunning scenery. Here, you can choose from a variety of trails that wind through forests, meadows, and along the Shawangunk Ridge. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced hiker, there's a trail for everyone to enjoy.For those seeking a more adrenaline-fueled adventure, rock climbing at The Gunks is a must. The Shawangunk Mountains are renowned for their world-class rock climbing routes, attracting climbers from all over the world. With its challenging cliffs and unique rock formations, The Gunks offer an exhilarating experience for climbers of all levels.Whether you're a nature lover or an adrenaline junkie, New Paltz has something to offer for everyone. The hiking trails and rock climbing opportunities in the area are unparalleled, providing endless possibilities for outdoor exploration. So, grab your hiking boots and harness, and get ready to embark on an unforgettable adventure in the heart of New Paltz.Indoor ActivitiesIndoor activities in New Paltz offer a diverse range of options for families looking to escape the elements and enjoy some quality time together. Whether you're looking for a little friendly competition or a chance to unleash your creativity, there's something for everyone.For those who love a good challenge, there are plenty of indoor games to keep you entertained. Head to the local arcade and try your hand at classic games like skee-ball and air hockey. Or, if you're feeling a bit more adventurous, check out the escape room where you can put your problem-solving skills to the test. With a variety of themes and difficulty levels, it's sure to be a thrilling experience for the whole family.If you're in the mood for something a bit more hands-on, why not try a creative workshop? There are several places in New Paltz where you can learn a new skill or craft. From pottery classes to painting workshops, there's no shortage of opportunities to let your imagination run wild. Not only will you have a blast creating something unique, but you'll also have a special keepsake to take home with you.No matter what your interests may be, New Paltz has plenty of indoor activities to keep you entertained. So, why not gather the family and escape the elements for a day of fun and adventure? Whether you're competing in indoor games or getting creative in a workshop, you're sure to make memories that will last a lifetime.Educational ActivitiesNew Paltz offers a wide range of educational activities that will engage and inspire the whole family. Here are three hands-on workshops and interactive exhibits that are sure to captivate your curiosity and expand your knowledge:The Dorsky Museum of Art: Step into a world of artistic expression as you explore the thought-provoking exhibits at the Dorsky Museum. From contemporary installations to classic masterpieces, this museum showcases a diverse collection that will ignite your imagination. Engage in interactive workshops where you can create your own artwork and experiment with different mediums.The Samuel Dorsky Museum of Art: Located on the SUNY New Paltz campus, the Samuel Dorsky Museum of Art offers a unique opportunity to delve into the world of contemporary art. Immerse yourself in thought-provoking exhibits that challenge societal norms and spark conversations. Participate in hands-on workshops led by professional artists, where you can learn new techniques and unleash your creative potential.The Science Discovery Center: Embark on a journey of scientific exploration at the Science Discovery Center. Engage with interactive exhibits that bring the wonders of science to life. From experimenting with electricity to exploring the mysteries of the natural world, this center offers a captivating experience for all ages. Participate in hands-on workshops where you can conduct experiments and discover the scientific principles that shape our world.As you embark on your New Paltz family day trip, these educational activities won't only provide valuable learning experiences but also foster a sense of wonder and curiosity. So, embrace the freedom to explore, discover, and expand your knowledge as you engage with these immersive hands-on workshops and interactive exhibits.Family-Friendly RestaurantsLet's dive into the delicious world of family-friendly restaurants in New Paltz, where you can indulge in mouthwatering meals that cater to all tastes and preferences. New Paltz is home to some of the best family-friendly restaurants, offering a wide range of cuisines that will satisfy even the pickiest eaters. Whether you're craving Italian, Mexican, or just a good old-fashioned burger, the restaurants in New Paltz have got you covered. Here are some of the top places to eat with kids in New Paltz:RestaurantCuisineHighlightsMain Course Catering & RestaurantAmericanOffers a kids' menu with options for all agesP&G's RestaurantItalianWood-fired pizza that will leave you craving for moreMexicali BlueMexicanColorful and flavorful dishes that kids will loveMoriello's GelatoDessertsHomemade gelato that will satisfy your sweet toothMain Course Catering & Restaurant is a popular choice for families, with its diverse menu that includes everything from burgers and sandwiches to pasta and seafood. They even have a kids' menu with options that will please even the pickiest eaters.If you're in the mood for some authentic Italian cuisine, P&G's Restaurant is the place to be. Their wood-fired pizza is a favorite among locals, and their pasta dishes are cooked to perfection.For a taste of Mexico, head to Mexicali Blue. Their colorful and flavorful dishes will transport you straight to Mexico, and they offer a variety of options for kids.And of course, no family day trip is complete without dessert. Stop by Moriello's Gelato for some homemade gelato that will satisfy your sweet tooth. With a wide range of flavors to choose from, there's something for everyone.These are just a few of the best family-friendly restaurants in New Paltz. Whether you're looking for a quick bite or a sit-down meal, you're sure to find something that the whole family will enjoy.Parks and PlaygroundsAs we continue our exploration of family-friendly activities in New Paltz, let's venture into the world of outdoor fun and discover the parks and playgrounds that offer endless adventures for kids of all ages. New Paltz is home to some of the best parks for picnics and family-friendly playgrounds. Here are three must-visit outdoor destinations that will provide a sense of freedom and joy for the whole family:Hasbrouck Park: This park is a perfect spot for a family picnic. Spread out your blanket on the lush green grass and enjoy a delicious meal while surrounded by the beauty of nature. The playground in Hasbrouck Park offers a variety of equipment for kids to climb, slide, and swing, ensuring hours of fun and excitement.Sojourner Truth Park: With its basketball court and picnic area, Sojourner Truth Park is a fantastic place for families to gather and enjoy outdoor activities. Let the kids shoot some hoops while you relax and soak up the sun. Pack some snacks and have a delightful picnic in the shaded picnic area, creating lasting memories together.Nyquist-Harcourt Wildlife Sanctuary: For a peaceful and serene picnic experience, head to the Nyquist-Harcourt Wildlife Sanctuary. This hidden gem is a haven for nature lovers and families alike. With its beautiful trails, lush greenery, and abundant wildlife, it offers the perfect backdrop for a relaxing picnic. Let the kids explore the surroundings and discover the wonders of the natural world.New Paltz's parks and playgrounds provide a sense of freedom and adventure for families seeking outdoor fun. Whether you're enjoying a picnic, playing on the playground, or simply exploring the beauty of nature, these destinations offer endless opportunities for family bonding and creating cherished memories. So grab your picnic basket, gather the family, and embark on an exciting day of outdoor exploration in New Paltz.Family-Friendly FarmsFamily-Friendly Farms in New Paltz offer a unique and educational experience for families looking to connect with nature and learn about farm life. These farms provide a variety of family-friendly farm activities that are both fun and educational.One popular activity is visiting farm petting zoos, where children can interact with and learn about different farm animals. At Kelder's Farm, families can enjoy a petting zoo experience like no other. You can pet and feed a wide range of animals, including goats, sheep, pigs, and even llamas. Kids will love getting up close and personal with these friendly animals, and it's a great opportunity for them to learn about animal care and farm life.Saunderskill Farms is another great option for families looking for a farm experience. In addition to their fresh produce and baked goods, they also have a petting zoo where kids can meet and greet farm animals. From chickens and ducks to rabbits and goats, children can learn about different animal species and their roles on the farm.Apple Hill Farm is a must-visit for families interested in learning about farm animals. They offer guided tours where kids can see cows, horses, pigs, and more. The knowledgeable staff will explain the importance of each animal and how they contribute to the farm's operations.Family-friendly farms in New Paltz provide a hands-on experience that allows children to learn about farm life in a fun and engaging way. Whether it's petting and feeding animals at a farm petting zoo or taking a guided tour to learn about different farm animals, these activities are sure to create lasting memories for the whole family.Family-Friendly EventsAfter exploring the family-friendly farms in New Paltz and learning about farm life, it's time to discover the exciting and entertaining world of family-friendly events in this vibrant town. New Paltz offers a variety of events that are perfect for the whole family. Here are three events that are sure to evoke joy and create lasting memories:New Paltz Regatta and Rubber Duck Race: Join in the fun at the annual New Paltz Regatta and Rubber Duck Race. Watch as colorful rubber ducks race down the Wallkill River, and cheer for your favorite as they compete for the finish line. This event is filled with laughter, excitement, and friendly competition.New Paltz Winter Carnival: Embrace the winter season at the New Paltz Winter Carnival. This event features a range of activities for all ages, including ice skating, sledding, snowman building, and even a snowball fight. Warm up with hot cocoa and enjoy the festive atmosphere as you make memories with your loved ones.New Paltz Halloween Parade: Get into the spirit of Halloween at the New Paltz Halloween Parade. Dress up in your favorite costume and join the community in a lively parade filled with music, dancing, and plenty of candy. This event is perfect for families who love the thrill of Halloween and want to celebrate together.These family-friendly events in New Paltz provide an opportunity to bond with loved ones, embrace the joy of community, and create cherished memories. Whether it's cheering on rubber ducks, enjoying winter activities, or celebrating Halloween, these events offer something for everyone.Historical SitesNew Paltz is home to a rich tapestry of historical sites that offer a glimpse into the town's fascinating past. From the Huguenot Street Historic District to the Deyo House Historic Site, there are many places to explore and learn about the town's history. Take a step back in time with historical walking tours and immerse yourself in the past with historical reenactments.Here is a table showcasing some of the historical sites in New Paltz:Historical SitesDescriptionHuguenot Street Historic DistrictA National Historic Landmark that preserves the unique history and culture of the Huguenots who settled in New Paltz in the 17th century.Deyo House Historic SiteExplore this historic house museum that showcases the lifestyle of a wealthy 19th-century family in New Paltz.Historic Huguenot Street CemeteryDiscover the final resting place of the Huguenot settlers and learn about their lives and contributions.Historical walking tours provide a great opportunity to explore these sites and gain a deeper understanding of New Paltz's history. Knowledgeable guides will lead you through the streets, sharing interesting anecdotes and stories along the way. You'll feel as if you've traveled back in time as you walk in the footsteps of those who came before.For an even more immersive experience, don't miss the chance to witness historical reenactments. These events bring history to life as actors dress in period costumes and recreate significant moments from New Paltz's past. Whether it's a battle reenactment or a colonial market, you'll be transported to a different time and gain a newfound appreciation for the town's history.New Paltz's historical sites offer a window into the past and provide a unique and educational experience for the whole family. So, grab your walking shoes and prepare to be captivated by the rich history that awaits you in this charming town.Nature CentersAs we continue our exploration of New Paltz, let's now turn our attention to the fascinating world of nature centers. These centers offer a unique opportunity to connect with nature, learn about wildlife, and engage in hands-on activities.Here are three exciting nature center activities that are sure to captivate the whole family:Wildlife Education Programs: Immerse yourself in the wonders of the natural world through engaging wildlife education programs. From interactive exhibits to live animal presentations, these programs provide a chance to learn about local ecosystems, animal behavior, and conservation efforts. Get up close and personal with fascinating creatures and gain a deeper appreciation for the delicate balance of our planet's biodiversity.Guided Nature Walks: Embark on a guided nature walk led by knowledgeable naturalists who'll introduce you to the diverse flora and fauna of the region. Explore scenic trails while learning about the unique features of the local ecosystem. Observe birds in their natural habitats, identify different plant species, and discover the hidden wonders of the natural world. These walks offer a chance to reconnect with nature and experience the serenity of the great outdoors.Nature-themed Workshops: Participate in nature-themed workshops that foster creativity and appreciation for the environment. From art classes inspired by the beauty of nature to hands-on activities focused on sustainability, these workshops provide an opportunity to learn new skills while deepening your connection with the natural world. Engage in eco-friendly crafts, explore nature-inspired photography, or try your hand at creating nature journals. These workshops are a perfect blend of education and fun.Nature centers offer a wealth of opportunities to learn, explore, and connect with the natural world. Engage in wildlife education programs, join guided nature walks, and participate in nature-themed workshops to create lasting memories and foster a sense of wonder and appreciation for our planet's incredible biodiversity.Water ActivitiesTo make the most of your family trip to New Paltz, immerse yourselves in a world of water activities that offer fun and adventure for everyone.New Paltz is surrounded by beautiful bodies of water, providing plenty of opportunities for water sports and boat tours.If you're looking for some excitement, try your hand at water sports on the Hudson River. You can rent paddleboards or kayaks and explore the scenic river at your own pace. Feel the rush as you paddle through the gentle currents and take in the breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains.For a more relaxing experience, consider taking a boat tour on the Hudson River. Hop aboard a comfortable vessel and let the knowledgeable guides show you the sights. Cruise along the river while learning about the history and wildlife of the area. Keep your eyes peeled for bald eagles soaring above and maybe even catch a glimpse of a playful seal.No matter which water activity you choose, be sure to pack sunscreen, towels, and a sense of adventure. Remember to stay hydrated and respect the environment by practicing responsible water sports and leaving no trace behind.Arts and CraftsLooking to unleash your creativity and explore the world of arts and crafts in New Paltz? You're in luck! This vibrant town offers a variety of opportunities for art workshops and handmade crafts that will inspire and delight. Here are three exciting options to consider:Mud and Fire Pottery Studio: Step into the world of pottery and get your hands dirty at Mud and Fire Pottery Studio. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced artist, their pottery classes cater to all skill levels. Learn the art of throwing clay on a wheel, hand-building techniques, or glazing and firing your creations. The studio provides a supportive and encouraging environment where you can let your imagination run wild and create unique, one-of-a-kind pieces.Fiber Flame Studio: If textile arts are more your style, then Fiber Flame Studio is the place to be. This cozy and inviting studio offers a wide range of classes and workshops, including fiber arts, mixed media, and collage. Dive into the world of fabric, yarn, and paper as you explore various techniques such as weaving, knitting, and needle felting. Let your creativity flow as you create beautiful and intricate pieces that reflect your personal style.Wallkill River School of Art: Immerse yourself in the world of painting at the Wallkill River School of Art. This art school and gallery offers a variety of painting classes for all ages and skill levels. From acrylics to watercolors, landscapes to portraits, there's something for everyone. Learn from experienced instructors who'll guide you through the process, helping you develop your skills and unleash your artistic potential. Whether you're a seasoned painter or just starting out, the Wallkill River School of Art is the perfect place to express yourself and create masterpieces.With these art workshops and handmade crafts, New Paltz provides the perfect opportunity to explore your creative side. Let your imagination soar as you engage in these artistic endeavors and discover the freedom of self-expression. Whether you choose pottery, textile arts, or painting, you're sure to have an unforgettable experience that will leave you inspired and fulfilled.Sports and RecreationNew Paltz offers a wide range of exciting sports and recreational activities that are sure to keep the whole family entertained and active. Whether you're looking for outdoor adventures or indoor fun, there's something for everyone in this vibrant town.For those who enjoy outdoor activities, New Paltz is a paradise. You can explore the numerous hiking trails in Mohonk Preserve, where breathtaking views and serene nature await. If rock climbing is your thing, head to The Gunks, a world-renowned climbing destination. Biking enthusiasts can pedal along the Wallkill Valley Rail Trail, while water lovers can canoe or kayak on the Hudson River.If you prefer indoor activities, there are plenty of options as well. Visit the Children's Museum of the Hudson Valley, where kids can learn and play at the same time. Explore the Historic Huguenot Street, a living museum that takes you back in time. You can also catch a performance at the McKenna Theatre or bounce around at the indoor trampoline park, Bounce!New Paltz is also home to family-friendly sports facilities. Play a round of mini-golf at the Apple Greens Golf Course or try horseback riding at the Payne Farm Too. The SUNY New Paltz Tennis Courts are perfect for a friendly game of tennis, and the New Paltz Golf Course offers a beautiful setting for a round of golf. If you're visiting during the colder months, don't miss the opportunity to go ice skating at the Kiwanis Ice Arena.No matter what your interests are, New Paltz has something for everyone. So gather your family and get ready for a day filled with excitement and adventure in this charming town.Day TripsEmbark on a day trip from New Paltz and immerse yourself in the beauty and culture of the surrounding areas. There are plenty of nearby towns to explore, each offering its own unique attractions and landmarks. Here are three options that are sure to evoke a sense of adventure and freedom:Visit the Walkway Over the Hudson in Poughkeepsie: Take a stroll across the longest elevated pedestrian bridge in the world and soak in breathtaking views of the Hudson River and surrounding landscapes. Feel the wind in your hair as you walk along the expansive bridge, enjoying the freedom of being suspended high above the water.Explore the Mohonk Mountain House in New Paltz: Step back in time as you explore this historic Victorian castle nestled in the heart of the Shawangunk Mountains. Wander through lush gardens, hike scenic trails, or relax by the lake. Immerse yourself in the natural beauty of the area and revel in the freedom of being surrounded by nature.Discover the Storm King Art Center in New Windsor: Lose yourself in the vast outdoor sculpture park that spans over 500 acres of rolling hills and fields. Marvel at the impressive collection of large-scale sculptures by renowned artists. As you wander through the expansive landscape, you'll feel a sense of freedom and liberation as you explore the intersection of art and nature.These day trips offer the perfect opportunity to escape the hustle and bustle of everyday life and indulge in the freedom of exploration. So pack your bags, hit the road, and let the adventure begin!ShoppingWhen it comes to shopping in New Paltz, there's no shortage of unique and charming stores to explore. Whether you're looking for local boutiques or artisan markets, this town has it all.One of the must-visit places for shopping in New Paltz is the Water Street Market. This picturesque market is home to a variety of shops that offer everything from handmade jewelry to vintage clothing. You can spend hours browsing through the quaint stores and discovering one-of-a-kind treasures.Another great shopping destination in New Paltz is the New Paltz Plaza. This shopping center offers a wide range of stores, including popular retail chains and local businesses. You can find everything you need, from clothing and accessories to home decor and electronics. The plaza also has plenty of dining options, so you can grab a bite to eat after a day of shopping.If you're looking for unique and handmade crafts, the Unframed Artists Gallery is the place to go. This gallery features the work of local artists and artisans, offering a wide range of handmade items such as pottery, paintings, and sculptures. It's the perfect place to find a special gift or a piece of artwork to decorate your home.For fresh and local produce, don't miss the New Paltz Farmers Market. This market is held every Sunday and features a variety of vendors selling fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and more. It's a great place to support local farmers and enjoy the flavors of the Hudson Valley.In addition to these shopping destinations, Main Street in New Paltz is lined with charming antique shops. You can browse through a wide selection of vintage furniture, clothing, and collectibles, and maybe even find a hidden gem.With its local boutiques, artisan markets, and charming antique shops, New Paltz is a shopper's paradise. Whether you're searching for unique gifts, handmade crafts, or fresh produce, you're sure to find it in this vibrant town. So grab your wallet and get ready to explore the wonderful world of shopping in New Paltz.Seasonal ActivitiesAs the seasons change in New Paltz, there are a variety of activities that offer something for everyone to enjoy. From winter wonderlands to festive markets, here are three seasonal activities that will ignite your sense of adventure and create lasting memories:Christmas Tree Farms: Immerse yourself in the spirit of the holiday season by visiting one of the charming Christmas tree farms in New Paltz. Bring your family along and wander through rows of beautifully decorated trees, breathing in the crisp winter air as you search for the perfect centerpiece for your home. The joy of finding and cutting down your own Christmas tree is an experience that will bring smiles to faces of all ages.New Paltz Winter Farmers Market: Embrace the cozy atmosphere of the winter season by visiting the New Paltz Winter Farmers Market. This vibrant market showcases an array of local vendors offering fresh produce, artisanal goods, and homemade treats. Stroll through the market, savoring the scents of warm apple cider and freshly baked bread. Engage with the friendly vendors, supporting their small businesses and discovering unique treasures that will delight your taste buds and nourish your body.New Paltz Spring Clean-Up Day: As the winter months transition into spring, join the community in a day of rejuvenation and restoration. Participate in the New Paltz Spring Clean-Up Day, where families come together to beautify their town by cleaning up parks, streets, and public spaces. This hands-on activity not only promotes a sense of civic pride and environmental stewardship but also fosters a deeper connection with the community. Pitch in with your loved ones, rolling up your sleeves and making a tangible difference in the place you call home.Celebrate the changing seasons in New Paltz with these engaging and family-friendly activities. Whether you're searching for the perfect Christmas tree, exploring a winter farmers market, or giving back to your community, there's always something special to do in this vibrant town. So, embrace the freedom of the seasons and create unforgettable memories with your loved ones.Frequently Asked QuestionsAre There Any Nearby Wineries or Vineyards to Visit During a New Paltz Family Day Trip?Yes, there are nearby wineries and family-friendly vineyards to visit during a New Paltz family day trip. You can explore the Robibero Family Vineyards, where you can enjoy wine tastings and beautiful views of the vineyards.Another option is the Whitecliff Vineyard & Winery, which offers a variety of award-winning wines and a picnic area for families to relax and enjoy.These wineries provide a perfect opportunity to unwind and experience the local wine culture while spending quality time with your loved ones.What Are Some Family-Friendly Hiking Trails in the New Paltz Area?When it comes to family-friendly hiking trails in the New Paltz area, there are plenty of options to choose from.Take a leisurely stroll through the beautiful Mohonk Preserve, where you can enjoy scenic views and picnic spots along the way.Or, explore the trails at Minnewaska State Park, which offer a mix of easy and moderate hikes suitable for all ages.These local attractions for kids are the perfect way to connect with nature and create lasting memories as a family.Are There Any Family-Friendly Museums or Art Galleries in New Paltz?Yes, there are family-friendly museums and art galleries in New Paltz.The Dorsky Museum of Art is a great place to explore various art exhibits and learn about different artistic styles.The Samuel Dorsky Museum of Art is another museum that showcases contemporary art and offers educational programs for families.These museums provide a fun and educational experience for all ages, making them perfect destinations for a family day trip in New Paltz.Where Can Families Go for Swimming or Water Activities in New Paltz?For families looking for swimming spots or water activities in New Paltz, there are some great options to choose from.You can swim in the beautiful Lake Minnewaska, go fishing in the Wallkill River, or even try paddleboarding on the Wallkill River.Additionally, you can enjoy a boat tour on the Hudson River or have a picnic at the scenic Rosendale Trestle, which overlooks the Rondout Creek.There are plenty of opportunities for water fun in New Paltz!What Are Some Options for Family-Friendly Lodging in New Paltz for an Overnight Stay?When it comes to family-friendly lodging in New Paltz for an overnight stay, there are plenty of options to choose from. From cozy bed and breakfasts to spacious vacation rentals, there's something for every family's needs and preferences.These accommodations offer comfortable amenities and a welcoming atmosphere, ensuring a memorable and enjoyable stay for both parents and kids.With a range of kid-friendly activities in New Paltz, families can explore the outdoors, visit museums, and indulge in delicious meals, creating lasting memories together.ConclusionAs the sun sets on our family day trip to New Paltz, we carry with us memories that sparkle like the stars in the night sky.From soaring high on hiking trails to immersing ourselves in art and history, we discovered the beauty and wonder of this charming town.With bellies full of delicious meals and hearts full of joy, we bid farewell to New Paltz, knowing that our adventure will forever be etched in the tapestry of our family's story.
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2024.05.15 05:33 LikeMetals [WTS] 90%, Pre33 Gold, 1/2 Shark, Silver Proofs, $296 CC GSA, World Coins, Pirate Pours

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NEW Gold Nugget Ring 10kt Size 8 Wt. 3.9 gram $200
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PLATINUM
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Silver Eagles
NEW 2008 Silver Eagle in Capsule $32
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Kennedy 90% $11ea (35 remaining $210 for 20
Historic Colorado Medals in Certificate (Red wCert) $41
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Gold 24k Gilded 1.5oz .999 Silver Pirate Round $76 (13 available
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(Antiqued) Pirate Silver 1 oz Round w/Certificate $44 (14 available
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Spanish Treasure 1oz Round $40 each (14 remaining
Luck Fool "Buddha" 5.7oz ($162 melt) $188
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Disney Steamboat Willie Mickey Ruthenium 1oz Silver w/Box and COA $60
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Silver Jewelry
Turquoise Sterling Peace Pendant 21.5g $110
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new 2011 Australia Koala 1/2 oz $15.50
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1966 Kennedy Silver PCGS MS-64 *Toned+ $32
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submitted by LikeMetals to Pmsforsale [link] [comments]


2024.05.15 01:02 TutorMinute8900 Jewelry

Hi! I am looking for some places where I can purchase Vivienne jewelry (dupes) in Mexico City.
If anyone knows or have information please reply here!
submitted by TutorMinute8900 to NanaAnime [link] [comments]


2024.05.13 23:41 wgsebaldness Is it even worth being "doing the right thing" for people who treat you like shit?

I guess it's the sadness about mother's day that brings it out. Mom was the safer parent, but now that I respect myself more, I see that even she treated me like absolute shit. I haven't gone no contact but I'm low contact/very low contact. I'm the only kid they see on a regular basis.
She picked her alcoholic husband over her kids. She always treated me unfairly and my sibling got so much more while I got so much less. She didn't defend me from a family member's CSA. Medical neglect because I was just "faking" it. I'm pretty sure that my parents coached me to pass an autism assessment, because as an adult they were like, "yeah, you're twice exceptional, you're special needs." But when I could have benefitted from support they made no attempt to get me real help. I was always the one who was broken and ruining the family. Not my parents. For so long the problem was me. And then I actually was the problem in my own life, because they'd conditioned me to accept so much abuse as normal and I wasn't fighting back when I should have.
I'm low income, they buy luxury goods and flaunt them at me. They give tens of thousands and nice jewelry to my sibling but I get a cheap cast iron pot and a handful of imported eye drops. I eat at home and my clothes are old. I have what I need and my life is fine. But it's just insulting. They gave away my handheld gaming equipment, graphic novels, collectibles I could have sold. You know. Because I'm low income right now. Because the things I care about don't matter.
Just because I'm low income at the moment doesn't mean that I haven't achieved anything... I'm in graduate school, doing well, and have gained international recognition for my work (US, Mexico, Canada, China, prob EU next year). I'm publishing and exhibiting. I'm doing fucking great and I'm proud of myself and unashamed to be proud of all the work that getting this far took. Despite the negative impact they've had. Yet my sibling, who works in a pre college extension program, "teaches at an Ivy League school." I've been flown out by Ivy + top schools just to give a short lecture. No shade on my sibling, they turned out great especially for a golden child and I'm proud of them and wish them happiness. But just the level of perception, the unfairness... It's so telling. I've given up on expecting them to be proud of me because on their end they're embarrassed because by my mid 30s I've accomplished more than they have in their lives.
I keep in contact with them because I feel like it's the right thing to do, based on my personal and cultural values. But is it really worth it? What peace of mind is there when to do the right thing I have to sit and grey rock for an hour and still get all the energy drained from my body? I feel like up until now it was healthy to encounter them as someone who is healing, I can now understand how flagrantly terrible they've always been and I don't tolerate that from others any more. But I tolerate it from them, for brief periods, because I see how lonely they are and having a minimal relationship gives them a lot more than it takes from me.
But when do I stop giving? How do I make it easier to live with myself if I just wash my hands of them? Their bodies and minds and their house are all seriously deteriorating. I don't want to be the kid who jets off and leaves their parents in squalor. I don't want them to rot with no one checking in on them. But at what point is enough, enough?
submitted by wgsebaldness to raisedbynarcissists [link] [comments]


2024.05.13 23:30 Castingnowforever Niched down to a new channel. Have a fairly well known Actor going in my next video. Help me blow up video so he'll return?

I had my channel for around 6 months just posting random things when an idea hit me. I shot a couple of videos in that style, and started getting views, when the big one hit. 1.1 million views. It's a niche I can say only I'm shooting. I've seen a few others try and copy my style now and get views which is totally completely fine, but they use iphones, where I use an actual bodycamera. My last few posts in the same style on my personal channel have gotten absolutely nowhere, sometimes less than 200 views when I know it's extremely viral content. So I decided to niche down and start a new channel dedicated to my niche.
I post Bodycamera Footage in the style of Reno 911. 1.1 million saw my "Proposal" video, 60k saw another video of mine and thats when the views started slowly dropping to where they are now. I also posted small skits all the time with just me, and I realized I needed to niche down and start a new Bodycamera only channel.
Here's the major problem that I don't understand. Some of you will come on here and say, "Do better" "Not good content"... but I've posted at the exact same time on youtube with the same tags and get 50k views on youtube compared to 250 on tiktok. I've also had reaction channels steal my content, react to it on tiktok for 100k views and thousands of comments and my same video has less than a thousand views. So it's clearly viral, it's fun, catchy content, but my channel doesn't do the numbers that others do.
My next video, if it doesn't work I might end up quitting altogether (I won't but it's how I feel right now). I'm going to post it to my new niched down channel. I have a pretty famous known Actor who agreed to be in the video for me. He voice acts Thanos in the Marvel animated series, he's also been in Pirates of the Caribbean, as well as the Air Marshall in Anger Management. He loves the idea I pitched him and he's ready to go!
--The scene: "A sovereign citizen refuses to get out of her car when pulled over for no plates. After screaming and acting crazy she demands to see my supervisor. Isaac who's going to play my supervisor, walks over at 6 foot 5, asks the woman kindly to get out of her car. She refuses again, when he reaches in and lifts her out through the window. She's now 100% compliant and apologetic. That's where I'm ending the video." (Isaac wants to be in more too as a recurring character if this does well)
Now that you know the scene. It will be posted to my new niched down page which is here (that's the latest video I posted). A brief backstory. I post these videos, because I dealt with a false arrest in 2019. I'm a Navy veteran, truck driver who was arrested and jailed for 42 hours, the State trooper in New Mexico got qualified immunity, so I decided to take out my pain and suffering in a creative outlet. My Dad was a Police officer for 33 years which is why I know the lingo and can act like an Officer behind the camera.
Can anyone tell me when they would post that video? The hashtags? The SEO they would use? I obviously got lucky with the proposal video, but I'd like to get even with these reaction channels stealing my content and making money off of it... Thanks for your time and help if you choose to. It really means a lot.
submitted by Castingnowforever to Tiktokhelp [link] [comments]


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submitted by taitaigarvin to blackmagicspelling [link] [comments]


2024.05.13 21:37 Mingo413 What does caring about your fanbase mean?

Can I ask what people in this sub consider "caring about" your fans? Is it the lack of appearances, the lack of accessible 'content' (music or otherwise) that makes Frank specifically seem not to care?
I feel like people started saying Frank doesn't care about "us" when it became obvious he wasn't going to directly respond to complaints about merch or vinyls circa 2018. That hasn't changed over multiple drops, and the expense for what he does release made people double down on him not caring. The resentment just kept building. Now a year on from Coachella, the fact it wasn't streamed and didn't live up to expectations is seen as more proof he doesn't care. I understand and have the same disappointments all around, but I guess I don't understand feeling personally hurt by how he moves.
I don't know who he works with behind the scenes for shipping, none of us have a full picture of the original Coachella performance concept; he makes his own clothes and his own jewelry and I've never felt resentful for not being able to collect it all. Is there more to what people mean when they say he doesn't care or is it just disappointment and resentment with no other outlet?
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2024.05.13 16:19 Dull-Ad5176 What are some programming/engineering career options for mental health?

I graduated in mechanical engineering with a minor in computer science in 2020 and couldn't find a job for the life of me. I went to Mexico and worked a consultancy job for over a year in a technical but not engineering area. Now I'm doing a master's in engineering focused on coding for high performance computing applications. Let's just imagine I'm very good at coding and have a mech eng degree and those are my qualifications. I feel I'm pretty well set up for a coding job but the thing is I have bipolar 1 disorder with psychotic features and I really can't handle very much stress or very tight deadlines/working very long hours. Are there any fields you recommend me to go into? I need something with flexibility, regular full time or less than full time hours, and if the job can have a good creative outlet that would be great. I still have a year left for my master's so I want to know if there are any skills I should try to acquire in my spare time so that I can go into a field that suits me.
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2024.05.13 16:14 Leather_Focus_6535 The currently 124 offenders executed by the state of Oklahoma since the 1970s (warning, graphic content, please read at your own risk) [part 2, cases 63-124]

This is the second half of my list for Oklahoma's execution roster. As mentioned in the first part, I broke it in half to comply with reddit's character limitations. For the link to part 1, please click here.
The currently executed 124 offenders, cases 63-124:
63. Robert Knighton (~1960s-2003, lethal injection): In 1973, after being released from a 1968 armed robbery conviction, Knighton went on his first major crime spree. He stabbed and strangled several men and women during many robberies and home invasions. The only victim that was killed, 32 year old Coffier Day, was shot dead while Knighton was arguing with him in his home. Coffier's father, 53 year old Claude, was also injured in the shooting. Knighton's first crime spree ended when he kidnapped a married couple and their 6 year old daughter. They escaped when the wife and mother of the family attacked Knighton with a knife to protect her husband and daughter. The family then notified the police of their abduction. Knighton managed to secure a 30 year manslaughter conviction and a 10 year armed robbery conviction with a plea deal, and was released to a halfway house in 1989. There, he began dating a female addict and befriended a teenage boy. The trio embarked on a nationwide robbery spree together. In Missouri, they shot and killed 59 year old Frank Merrifield and his 40 year old stepson Roy Donahue while robbing their home, and stole guns and money from them. In Oklahoma, the trio fatally shot a couple, 64 year old Virginia and 62 year old Richard Denney, while carjacking them. Their rampage ended when a woman in Texas grow suspicious of them circling a neighborhood. Knighton had a long history of theft convictions dating back to his childhood, and joined the Aryan Brotherhood in prison. Behind bars, he frequently attacked black and Native American inmates out of racial hatred for them.
64. Kenneth Charm (1993-2003, lethal injection): Charm and his teenage cousin lured a family friend, 14 year old Brandy Hill, into their car. They raped Hill and tried strangling her with a towel. When that failed, the cousins bludgeoned her to death with a sledgehammer.
65. Lewis Gilbert II (1994-2003, lethal injection): Gilbert and his teenage accomplice committed at least 4 robbery murders in Missouri, Ohio, and Oklahoma, but he was executed for the killing of 37 year old Roxanne Ruddell. They ambushed and kidnapped Ruddell while she was fishing alone. She was robbed of $3 and her truck, tied to a tree, and shot to death. The pair also fatally shot Ruth Loader, a 79 year old Ohioan woman, while abducting her from her residence, and gunned down a Missouri couple, 86 year old William and 76 year old Flossie Brewer, in their home. Gilbert was also sentenced to death for the Brewer murders by the state of Missouri, but was incarcerated in Oklahoma State Penitentiary’s death row.
66. Robert Duckett (~1980s-2003, lethal injection): After breaking out of prison, Duckett was picked up hitchhiking by John Howard, a 53 year old store owner. Howard agreed to let Duckett stay with him until he could find a job. The pair soon had a failing out, and Duckett was evicted by his host. He retaliated by tying Howard up with wire and then beating him to death with a fireplace poker. Duckett made off with his car after he switched the license plates, and took several bank bags from his store. He had a long violent criminal history, which included several incidents of assault and robbery. One of the incidents involved the beating of an 83 year old man. Allegedly, Duckett was previously gang-raped by other inmates, and suffered from PTSD from the incident. His attorneys claimed that Howard’s sexual advances trigged those memories, and he was killed as a result of Duckett lashing out at them. However, the prosecution shot the argument down, citing that the murder happened after Duckett was evicted from the apartment.
67. Bryan Toles (1993-2003, lethal injection): Toles and his two accomplices forced themselves into the home of the Franceschi family, and shot and killed the family patriarch, 39 year old Juan, in a struggle. Juan's son, 15 year old Lonnie, was also murdered "execution style" out of fear that he could identify Toles and his accomplices. The only survivor of the attack was Norma, Juan's wife and Lonnie's mother, who escaped by hiding in her older daughter's bedroom.
68. Jackie Willingham (1994-2003, lethal injection): Willingham was a door to door salesman selling perfume in an office building. One women, 62 year old Jayne Van Wey, he tried to solicit rejected him despite his repeated offers. Angered by her "rude behavior", Willingham attacked Van Wey when they had a chance encounter near the building's restroom. He dragged Van Wey out of a stall after following her inside, slammed her head against the bathroom wall several times, and kicked her head. Reportedly, Van Wey choked to death on her own blood.
69. Harold McElmurry III (1999-2003, lethal injection): While under the influence of meth, McElmurry and his wife Vicki broke into a home that a WW2 veteran, 80 year old Robert Pendley, shared with his wife, 75 year old Rosa. Robert and Rosa were both quickly subdued and physically restrained by the couple. McElmurry clubbed Robert to death with a pipe in front of Rosa, who was forced to watch by Vicki. Vicki then held Rosa down as McElmurry stabbed her several times with scissors. After killing the Pendleys, the McElmurrys fled with $70 in cash, a pair of guns, and the victims' car. A few days after the murders, they were captured by border agents while trying to cross into Mexico.
70. Tyrone Darks (~1990s-2004, lethal injection): Darks rammed his ex wife, 26 year old Sherry Goodlow, off the road as she was driving with their 2 year old son. After Goodlow crashed, Darks pulled their son out of the wreckage, shot her to death, and then drove away with him. Just before she succumbed to her injuries, Goodlow managed to call and notify the police about her son’s abduction. The police confronted and arrested Darks at his home, and they found the boy unharmed in their search. Darks and Goodlow’s former marriage was marred with violence, and he was arrested on numerous occasions for assaulting her. On death row, Darks was involved in a scheme to defraud a foundation for 9/11 survivors.
71. Norman Cleary (~1980s-2004, lethal injection): While burglarizing an upper class home with an accomplice, Cleary shot and killed a housekeeper, 44 year old Wanda Neafus, and took her purse and a cane that her employers purchased from the Smithsonian Institution. Cleary had a long criminal history and was previously convicted of beating an 87 year old woman in her home.
72. David Brown (~1983-2004, lethal injection): For several years, Brown violently harassed his ex wife and her family. In one incident, Brown abducted his ex wife and 11 of her customers from a beauty saloon she owned, and held them hostage until he surrendered to police. He was able to leave custody on bond and went into hiding. A few years after the hostage crisis incident, Brown broke into his ex wife's family home and gunned down her father, 47 year old Eldon McGuire.
73. Hung Thanh Le (1992-2004, lethal injection): Le crept into the apartment of another Vietnamese refugee, 34 year old Hai Nguyen, and found him watching TV on the couch. He struck Nguyen from behind with a weightlifting bar, and continued stabbing him with a meat cleaver when he screamed his wife for help. Nguyen's wife phoned the police, and Le fled with the couple's safety deposit box that contained $36,000 and their wedding ring.
74. Robert Bryan (1993-2004, lethal injection): Bryan shot and killed his estranged aunt, 69 year old Mildred, dumped her body on his parents' property, and forged a $1,800 check to himself under her name.
75. Windel Workman (~1980s(?)-2004, lethal injection): Workman beat his girlfriend's daughter, 2 year old Amanda Holman, to death while babysitting her in their home. His ex wives reported that he had a history of child abuse and often violently spanked their children during their marriages.
76. Jimmie Slaughter (1991-2005, lethal injection): Fearing that she was going to tell his wife of their affair, Slaughter stabbed and shot his ex girlfriend, 29 year old Melody Wuertz, and their daughter, 1 year old Jessica. According to court documents, Slaughter mutilated both of their bodies, and he carved an "R" on Melody's stomach. He tried pinning the murders on a black man, but the investigators and the courts dismissed his allegations.
77. George Miller Jr. (1994-2005, lethal injection): During the robbery of a hotel, Miller attacked the auditor, 25 year old Kent Dodd, with a hedge shear and paint cans, and took $122 from the register. Dodd was severely beaten, had muriatic acid shoved down his throat, and was left to die. Just before he died of his injuries, Dodd gave a description of his attacker to the police that matched Miller. A massive amount of circumstantial evidence, such as wearing shoes that resembled the bloodstained footprints next to Dodd's body, a microscopic drop of blood found on his shoes that was tentatively linked to Dodd, his wife's testimony of his unaccounted absence from their home during the murder, and what appeared to be Dodd writing Miller's alias that he knew him by in his own blood, convicted him. Miller’s friends also reported that he was broke and begging them for money a day before the murder, and his wife mentioned him giving her the same amount of money that was stolen from the robbery a day after it happened.
78. Michael Pennington (1991-2005, lethal injection): Pennington shot and killed a clerk, 20 year old Bradley Grooms, while trying to rob a 7-eleven grocery store. He left empty handed when the register failed to open.
79. Kenneth Turrentine (1994-2005, lethal injection): Under the belief that they were stealing money from him for drugs, Turrentine shot and killed his sister, 48 year old Avon Stevenson, and his girlfriend, 39 year old Anita Richardson, during confrontations in their homes. He also gunned down Anita's two children, 22 year old Tina Pennington and 13 year old Martise.
80. Richard Thornburg Jr. (1996-2006, lethal injection): A month after he was shot by an unknown assailant, Thornburg and his accomplices sought revenge by abducting 5 men that he thought was responsible from a trailer. Three of the hostages, 51 year old James Poteet, 39 year old Tery Sheppard, and 24 year old Kieth Smith, were gunned down on the spot, and Thornberg forced the fourth to shoot the fifth with the threat of killing him if he didn’t comply. They then burned down the trailer with the wounded fifth victim still trapped inside, but he managed to escape with his life. Despite being forced to put all the blame on himself in exchange for being spared, the fourth hostage still went forward to the police.
81. John Boltz (1984-2006, lethal injection): To spite his estranged wife following an argument, Boltz attacked her son, 23 year old Doug Kirby, with a knife. Kirby was stabbed a total of 11 times, and he received several fatal wounds to his chest, stomach, and neck.
82. Eric Patton (1994-2006, lethal injection): Patton forced his way into the home of 56 year old Charlene Kauer after she refused his pleading for money. After dragging her around the house as he searched for valuables, Patton stabbed Kauer several times with many different blades objects at hand such as scissors, barbecue forks, and kitchen knifes. Although he confessed to the murder, Patton blamed it on alleged demonic possession and his cocaine addiction.
83. James Malicoat (1997-2006, lethal injection): Malicoat slammed Tessa Leadford, his 13 month old daughter, against a dresser. After she died from the beating, he tucked her into bed, and waited until his daughter's mother returned from work to take her to the hospital. The doctors found that Leadford had been dead for several hours at the time of her arrival, and discovered several injuries such as broken ribs, bite marks, abdominal bleeding, and facial bruising on her body. By his own account, he had abused Leadford on a daily basis. For her role in enabling her boyfriend's treatment of their daughter, Leadford's mother was convicted of first degree murder and given a life sentence.
84. Corey Hamilton (1992-2007, lethal injection): During the robbery of a restaurant, Hamilton shot and killed 4 employees, 26 year old Sandy Lara, 24 year old Stephen Williams, 19 year old Ted Kindley, and 17 year old Joseph Gooch, and made off with $2,000.
85. Jimmy Bland (~1975-2007, lethal injection): Bland shot his boss, 62 year old Doyle Rains, in the head over an argument regarding a borrowed car and dumped the body in a creek. He was previously convicted of killing a soldier, Raymond Prentice (age unknown), and abducting the man's wife and son at the age of 19. Bland served a 20 out of 60 year sentence, and murdered Rains a year after he was released.
86. Frank Welch (~1987-2008, lethal injection): In 1987, Welch attacked 28 year old Jo Cooper, who was 4 months pregnant with her second child, in her home. She was tied up with leather straps, raped and violated with plastic toys, and strangled to death. Cooper’s body was found laying near her infant son by her husband. Another woman, 32 year old Debra Stevens, was also bound, raped, and strangled to death in her home in a near identical fashion a few months later. Although both murders went unsolved for several years, Welch abducted and raped a woman in 1994, and he received a 45 year sentence for it. His DNA samples was collected and filed after his abduction conviction, and linked to both Cooper and Stevens’ murders in a 1997 test.
87. Terry Short (1995-2008, lethal injection): In an attempt to kill his ex girlfriend, Short blew up her apartment complex with a firebomb. She and her family managed to escape, but the blast killed Ken Yamamoto, a 22 year old Japanese exchange student. Yamamoto had no connections to the targeted ex girlfriend's family beyond him having the misfortune of residing in the same apartment.
88. Jessie Cummings Jr. (1991-2009, lethal injection): Cummings was a polygamist that had married and lived with two wives. Under his orders, Cummings’ wives shot and killed his estranged half sister, 46 year old Judy Mayo, and kidnapped her daughter, 11 year old Melissa. He bound his niece to his bed with handcuffs to be raped, and stabbed her to death.
89. Darwin Brown (1995-2009, lethal injection): While robbing a grocery store with three accomplices (including Billy Alverson and Michael Wilson), Brown tied up the clerk, 30 year old Richard Yost, with handcuffs, and then bludgeoned him death with a metal baseball bat. The killing was caught by security cameras, and the footage was used by the prosecution to secure the convictions of Brown and his accomplices.
90. Donald Gilson (1995-2009, lethal injection): Gilson routinely physically abused his live in girlfriend's 5 children (who were all between the ages of 8 and 12 years old). The youngest, 8 year old Shane Coffman, was beaten to death with a board for defecating on the living room carpet. He and his girlfriend then hid the body by stuffing it in a freezer. The body was kept inside it for 6 months until it was discovered by a sheriff's deputy investigating the family's abuse allegations. Gilson's girlfriend was spared the death penalty with a plea deal, and given a life sentence without the possibility of parole for her part in her son's abuse and murder.
91. Michael DeLozier (1995-2009, lethal injection): While camping with his friends, DeLozier ambushed another pair of campers, 60 year old Orville Bullard and 54 year old Paul Morgan, and shot them to death. They stole Morgan and Bullard's generator, pick up truck, and other camping gear. To cover up their tracks, DeLozier and his friends set their victims' campsite on fire, and severely burned the bodies.
92. Julius Young (1993-2010, lethal injection): For breaking off their relationship, Young beat his ex girlfriend, 20 year old Joyland Morgan and her 6 year old son Kewan, to death with a baseball bat in their apartment.
93. Donald Wackerly II (1996-2010, lethal injection): Wackerly and his wife ambushed and gunned down Pan Sayakhoummane, a 51 year old Laotian immigrant, while he was fishing in the Arkansas River. After he placed Sayakhoummane's body in the man’s own truck, he pushed into a river, and stole his fishing gear. A few months after the murder, Wackerly’s wife turned him in to the police.
94. John Duty (~1970s-2010, lethal injection): Duty was given a life sentence for abducting, raping, and non fatally shooting a female store clerk during a robbery. While incarcerated, he tricked a fellow inmate, 22 year old Curtis Wise Jr. into allowing himself to be tied up as a part of a hostage ruse, and then strangled him to death with shoelaces. At the time of his murder, Wise was serving a conviction for burglary and contributing to the delinquency of minors. Duty's execution caused some controversy for the use of pentobarbital, a drug more commonly utilized by veterinarians to euthanize pets.
95. Billy Alverson (1995-2011, lethal injection): Alverson assisted the above mentioned Darwin Brown and Micheal Wilson in the beating death of Richard Yost while robbing a convenience store.
96. Jeffrey Matthews (1994-2011, lethal injection): Matthews and his accomplice shot and killed his great uncle, 77 year old Otis Short, while robbing the man's home. In the robbery, they stole Short's truck, his .32 calibre pistol, and $500. The pair also slit the throat of Short's wife, but she survived her injuries.
97. Gary Welch (~1993-2011, lethal injection): During a fight over a drug shipment, Welch and his partner stabbed another dealer, 32 year old Robert Hardcastle, to death with broken glass bottles. He was previously convicted of battery with a deadly weapon, and was off on probation at the time of Hardcastle's murder.
98. Timothy Stemple (1996-2012, lethal injection): Stemple conspired with his girlfriend to murder his wife, 30 year old Trisha, for her life insurance policy. With the help of his girlfriend's 16 year old nephew or cousin [sources vary], Stemple beat Trisha with a baseball bat, and rammed her to death with his truck.
99. Michael Selsor (~1975-2012, lethal injection): Selsor and his accomplice went on a crime spree and robbed several convenience stores. During their robberies, the pair shot and killed two clerks, 55 year old Clayton Chandler and 20 year old Ina Morris, and injured two others in shooting and stabbing attacks.
100. Michael Hooper (~1992-2012, lethal injection): Hooper kidnapped his ex girlfriend, 23 year old Cynthia Jarman, and her children, 5 year old Timothy and 3 year old Tonya, from her boyfriend's residence. He shot all three of them dead, and buried the bodies in a rancher's field. According to court documents, Hooper was hyper-violent towards Cynthia in their year long relationship.
101. Garry Allen (1986-2012, lethal injection): Allen shot and killed his fiancee, 24 year old Lawanna Titsworth, during an argument at a day care she worked at. He fought with the responding officers trying to arrest him in an attempt to provoke a "suicide by cop" outcome. Despite the officers' best efforts to avoid harming him, Allen lost his eye from an accidental discharge. Due to claims of him having schizophrenia, Allen's execution was a source of controversy.
102. George Ochoa (~1993-2012, lethal injection): A Southside Locos gang member, Ochoa and another hoodlum shot and killed a couple, 38 year old Francisco Morales and 35 year old Maria Yanez, while burglarizing their home. The murders were witnessed by the couple's 14 year old and 10 year old children and stepchildren, who then phoned the police after the shooters' departure.
103. Steven Thacker (~1980s-2012, lethal injection): Thacker kidnapped 25 year old Laci Hill during a botched robbery of her home, and took her to a remote cabin to be raped. She was then strangled and stabbed to death. He fled to Missouri, fatally stabbed 24 year old Forrest Boyd while carjacking him, and used his car to hide out in Tennessee. After the stolen car broke down, Thacker called a tow truck to pick him up. When the driver, 52 year old Ray Patterson, found that he was using a stolen credit card, Thacker stabbed him to death as well. As a teenager, Thacker committed several acts of auto thefts and burglaries. He also engaged in inappropriate relationships with underaged girls, and was released from a Florida prison after serving time for a bad check conviction months before his murders.
104. James DeRosa (2000-2013, lethal injection): DeRosa and his accomplice tricked a couple, 73 year old Curtis and 70 year old Gloria Plummer, that he worked for on their ranch, into letting them inside their house. After they stabbed the Plummers and slit their throats, DeRosa and his accomplice stole $73 and drove away with their truck.
105. Brian Davis (2001-2013, lethal injection): Davis went searching for his girlfriend and their daughter when he found them missing from their home, and called his girlfriend's mother, 56 year old Josephine Sanford, about their whereabouts. Sanford dropped by the couple's residence after failing to find her daughter and granddaughter. At her arrival, she was raped, beaten, and stabbed to death by Davis. He then left the body in the house, drove off with Sanford’s van, and injured himself in a car accident. As Davis was high while driving, he was arrested for being under the influence. The detaining officers weren’t aware of the murder until Davis’ girlfriend returned to the home later that night, and called 911 after finding her mother’s corpse.
106. Anthony Banks (~1978-2013, lethal injection): In 1978, while robbing a grocery store, Banks shot and killed a clerk, 22 year old David Fremin. A year later, he abducted Sun Travis, a 24 year old South Korean immigrant, from a parking lot. He then sexually assaulted Travis in his car and shot her in the head. Although he was captured and convicted for Fremin's murder, Travis' killing went unsolved until a 1997 DNA test. Banks was originally sentenced to death for Fremin's murder, but it was lifted in favor of a life sentence. He was condemned for a second time after his conviction for Travis' murder.
107. Ronald Lott (~1980s-2013, lethal injection): A sexual predator of elderly women, Lott broke into the homes of 93 year old Zelma Cutler and 83 year old Anna Fowler after cutting off their power. They were tied up with cloth, anally penetrated, beaten, and suffocated to death with pillowcases. The case attracted controversy when another man was erroneously condemned for the murders, and he spent 11 years on death row until a 1997 DNA test linked the murders to Lott. At the time of the discovery, Lott was serving time for two rape convictions.
108. Johnny Black (~1984-2013, lethal injection): Black, two of his brothers, and two other men went looking for a man they feuded with for a fight. While they were crusing on the road, the group encountered a rancher, 54 year old Bill Pogue, and mistook him for their target due to them driving similar vehicles. They forced Poque off the road, pulled him out of his car, and stabbed him a total of 10 times. Pogue's son in law was also dragged out and attacked, but he managed to escape with his life. Black was previously convicted of manslaughter for shooting 49 year old Cecil Martin dead in an argument.
109. Michael Wilson (1995-2014, lethal injection): Wilson was the third participant in the above mentioned beating death of Richard Yost to be executed.
110. Kenneth Hogan (1988-2014, lethal injection): Hogan stabbed 21 year old Lisa Stanley to death while she was babysitting his children. According to autopsy reports, she was stabbed at least 25 times. Stanley had previously accused him of sexual misconduct, and prosecutors believed that she was killed during an argument over the allegations.
111. Clayton Lockett (~1992-2014, lethal injection): Lockett, his cousin, and another accomplice kidnapped 23 year old Bobby Bornt, 18 year old Summer Hair, and Bornt's 9 month son after burglarizing a home. After tying them up with duct tape, they forced their captives to lure a friend, 19 year old Stephanie Neiman, with a phone call. Neiman was also bound and initially survived getting shot multiple times. Out of frustration, Lockett buried her alive, and she succumbed to a combination of suffocation and her injuries. Lockett and his accomplices also gang-raped Hair and beat Bornt, but spared them on the forced condition of their silence. His execution was controversial, as Lockett convulsed for 45 minutes after being injected, and then died from a heart attack. He also had a long criminal history, and was first arrested for burglary as a teenager.
112. Charles Warner (1997-2015, lethal injection): Warner raped his girlfriend's daughter, 11 month old Adriana Waller, and shook her to death. His execution sparked outcry, as the wrong fatal drug was administered by mistake, and Warner complained of "burning pain" as he was being injected. With the botched executions of Lockett and Warner back to back, the state of Oklahoma delayed further executions until 2021.
113. John Grant (~1970s-2021, lethal injection): While serving a 130 year sentence for armed robbery, Grant stabbed a prison cafeteria worker, 58 year old Gay Carter, to death. He had a long criminal history dating back to the age of 11, had several previous convictions of theft and armed robbery, and frequently fought with and assaulted other inmates behind bars. Due to reports of "adverse reactions" to the lethal drugs, Grant's execution was scrutinized by a number of national media outlets.
114. Bigler Stouffer II (1985-2021, lethal injection): Stouffer shot and killed his ex girlfriend, 35 year old Linda Reaves, in her boyfriend's home for breaking up with him. Reaves' boyfriend was also seriously injured in the shooting.
115. Donald Grant (2001-2022, lethal injection): During a robbery of a hotel, Grant fatally shot, stabbed, and bludgeoned two employees, 43 year old Felicia Smith and 29 year old Brenda McElyea, and ran off with $1,500. He spent $200 of the stolen on paying for his girlfriend's bail.
116. Gilbert Postelle (~1998-2022, lethal injection): Postelle’s father was badly injured in a motorcycle accident, and they suspected that 57 year old James Anderson, 56 year old Terry Smith, 49 year old Donnie Swindler, and 26 year old Amy Wright were deliberately involved. Out a desire for vengeance, he recruited Postelle, his other son, and another man to kill them. All four victims were fatally gunned down in what was described as a “blitz attack” on their trailer. He was an addict and had several arrests for drug possession and manufacturing dating back to the age of 12.
117. James Coddington (1997-2022, lethal injection): After robbing a grocery store, Coddington went to the home of a friend and co worker, 73 year old Albert Hale, to ask for money. When Hale turned him down, Coddington retaliated by beating him with a claw hammer. Coddington stole $525 and went on to rob 5 more grocery stores. Hale was left alone with his injures for nearly an entire day until he was discovered by his son, and died in the hospital a day later.
118. Benjamin Cole Sr. (2002-2022, lethal injection): Out of anger that her crying interrupted his Nintendo game, Cole beat his daughter from his second wife, 9 month old Brianna, to death. He was previously convicted of abusing his son from a different marriage in California.
119. Richard Fairchild (1996-2023, lethal injection): Fairchild got into a fight with his girlfriend’s 17 year old daughter after making drunken sexual passes at her, and was enraged that she left with a cab driver. He took his anger out on the girl’s younger brother, 3 year old Adam Broomhall, and scalded him with a wall heater. He then repeatedly hit the boy, threw him against a table, and fatally hemorrhaged his head. Bromhall received over 26 blows during the beating.
120. Scott Eizember (2003-2023, lethal injection): Eizember snuck into his ex girlfriend's house to lie in wait for her. However, her roommates, 76 year old A.J. Cantrell and his 70 year old wife Patsy, arrived home earlier then she did. He shot and beat them both to death and then fled the scene.
121. Jemaine Cannon (1995-2023, lethal injection): Cannon was put in prison for assaulting an unidentified woman. He managed to escape and stabbed his girlfriend, 20 year old Sharonda Clark, to death in her apartment.
122. Anthony Sanchez (1996-2023, lethal injection): Sanchez kidnapped 21 year old Jewell Busken from her apartment complex, and then raped and shot her to death. He amassed a following from the anti death penalty movement for claiming that his father was responsible, but such notions were debunked following a 2023 DNA test that concluded Sanchez’s guilt.
123. Phillip Hancock (~1982-2023, lethal injection): In 1982, Hancock shot a drug dealer, 27 year old Charles Warren, dead in a dispute over stolen jewelry and was given a manslaughter conviction for it. He was released after serving a 2 year term. About 17 years later, he shot and killed 58 year old James Lynch III and 37 year old Robert Jett Jr. in a drug house. Despite an eyewitness account describing Lynch and Jett begging for their lives, the case attracted scrutiny when Hancock's attorneys claimed that the shootings were done in self defense.
124. Michael Smith (~2002-2024, lethal injection): A member of the Oak Grove Posse gang, Smith was responsible for two separate fatal shootings on the same day. In one of his murders, he killed Sharath Pulluru, a 24 year old Indian immigrant that worked as a clerk, while robbing a gas station. The other murder occurred when he tried to confront a gang member that he thought was a police informant in his apartment, and gunned down the target’s mother, 40 year old Janet Miller-Moore, when she refused to give away her son’s location. Smith was also given a life sentence for delivering a gun to a shooter that carried out another gang killing.
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2024.05.13 16:14 Leather_Focus_6535 The currently 124 offenders executed by the state of Oklahoma since the 1970s (warning, graphic content, please read at your own risk) [part 1, cases 1-62]

This is the list that I wrote for Oklahoma's execution roster since the nationwide reinstatement of capital punishment in the late 1970s. Something that should be mentioned is that given the nature of many death penalty related crimes, many of the descriptions contain very disturbing details. Please read at your own risk.
Florida's list is next, and I'll post my list for Texas once I've completed it. With Texas, I've currently finished 464 entries out of the 587 cases to date. That will probably take 7 or 8 posts for it all to be released, so I'll probably do two posts a day with Texas to avoid spamming the sub. At the end of this year, I'll repost the states that have conducted further executions with the updated information.
As with Missouri and Virginia, Reddit's maximum character count limitations forced me to divide Oklahoma's list into two separate parts. Here is the link to part 2.
The currently 124 executed offenders, cases 1 to 62:
1. Charles Coleman (~1950s-1990, lethal injection): A month after he was released on parole in 1979, Coleman broke into a house. While sacking it for any valuables, the homeowner’s brother and sister in law, 68 year old John and 62 year old Roxie Seward, walked in on him and were both shot dead. Coleman stole Roxie’s purse, several packets of frozen meat, and the homeowner’s watch during the burglary, and was arrested shortly afterwards. However, Coleman managed to escape custody, and went on a rampage that involved several burglaries, auto thefts, slitting the throat of a policeman in a failed murder attempt, the shooting death of 49 year old Russell Lewis Jr. in a carjacking, and the abduction of a deputy. The kidnapped deputy was rescued following an armed standoff with other police officers. Coleman had an extensive history of animal cruelty, armed robberies, assaults, and carrying concealed weapons convictions dating back to when he was 11 years old. He was also heavily suspected in the murder of his teenage girlfriend’s father, but was acquitted by the courts despite the prosecution’s strong belief in his guilt.
2. Robyn Parks (1977-1992, lethal injection): During a gas station robbery, Parks shot and killed Abdullah Ibrahim, a 24 year old Bangladeshi immigrant that worked as the attendant. According to Parks, he murdered Ibrahim for catching him using a stolen credit card.
3. Olan Randle (1980-1992, lethal injection): Randle invaded a home and shot the occupants, 41 year old Robert Swinford, Sinford's fiance 42 year old Averil Bourque, and Bourque's friend 38 year old Julia Lovejoy, dead. He took a pocket knife and several watches from the victims.
4. Thomas Grasso (~1970s(?)-1995, lethal injection): While living in Oklahoma, Grasso strangled 87 year old Hilda Johnson, the best friend of his girlfriend's grandmother, to death with her Christmas lights. He took $8 from her purse, several coins that added up to $4, and a television set that he sold for $125. Grasso then moved to New York, and strangled 81 year old Leslie Holtz for his social security check. The trialing arrangements caused some controversy, as the New York governors at the time were anti death penalty, and tried to prevent Grasso's extradition in favor of giving him a life sentence in their jurisdiction. Grasso had several previous convictions for theft and was fired multiple times for stealing from his jobs.
5. Roger Stafford (~1974(?)-1995, lethal injection): Stafford was condemned for killing at least 9 people in two separate robbery incidents with his brother and ex wife, though his ex wife claimed that he was involved with as many as 34 murders nationwide. The first convicted incident was when he and the ex wife carjacked and fatally shot a couple, 38 year old Melvin and 31 year old Linda Lorenz, and their son, 12 year old Richard. A few weeks after the Lorenz murders, Stafford stormed a restaurant and gunned down 6 employees, 56 year old Isaac Freeman, 43 year old Louis Zacarias, 17 year old Anthony Tew, 17 year old David Lindsey, 16 year old David Salsman, and 15 year old Terri Horst. One of Stafford's additional attributed victims was 20 year old Jimmy Berry, who was killed in the hold up of an Alabaman McDonalds, but he wasn't charged by the state due to his death sentences in Oklahoma.
6. Robert Brecheen (1983-1995, lethal injection): Breechen was involved in a feud over money with 59 year old Mary Stubbs and her husband. In an attempt to take what he perceived was owed to him, Breechen carried out a night time burglary of their home. While rummaging through the house, Breechen stumbled upon old Marie in her living room and shot her to death. The gunshots and screams awoke her husband, and he chased him away with his own gun.
7. Benjamin Brewer (1978-1996, lethal injection): Brewer raped his neighbor, 20 year old Karen Stapleton, in her home and stabbed her to death
8. Steven Hatch (1979-1996, lethal injection): Hatch and another assailant, Glen Ake, forced themselves inside the home that Richard Dougass, a 43 year old reverend, shared with his wife, 36 year old Marilyn, and their two children, 16 year old Brooks and 12 year old Lesile. The pair tied up the family and raped Lesile in front of her parents and brother. All four family members were shot, and Hatch and Ake ran off with $43 and the parents’ wedding rings. Richard and Marilyn were both killed in the shootings, while their children survived the attack. Ake was also initially condemned for the attack, but his sentence was overturned and resentenced to life following mental health concerns, and passed away from undisclosed natural causes in 2011.
9. Scott Carpenter (1994-1997, lethal injection): In a convenience store robbery, Carpenter stabbed the owner, 56 year old A. J. Kelley, in the neck, and hid the body in the minnow room. He filled his truck with $37 worth of gas from the pumps and drove away from the scene. His execution caused some controversy, as it was reported that Carpenter gasped and spasmed for 11 minutes after being injected.
10. Michael Long (1997-1998, lethal injection): Enraged that his coworker, 24 year old Sheryl Graber, refused him sex and started screaming for help, he stabbed her over 31 times. Long also shot and killed her son, 5 year old Andrew, for being a witness.
11. Stephen Wood (1992-1998, lethal injection): While heavily intoxicated, Wood stabbed two other homeless men, 46 year old Charles Stephen and 34 year old Charles Von Johnson, dozens of times each. He was given a life sentence for both of their murders. During his incarceration, Robert Brigden, a 59 year old former minister that was serving a 40 year sentence for molesting several girls between the ages of 4-14 in his congregation, moved into his unit after refusing to go into protective custody. Woods killed Brigden in a stabbing attack, and his sentence was escalated to death by the courts for it.
12. Tuan Anh Nguyen (~1982-1998, lethal injection): By all accounts, Nguyen was jealously possessive over his wife, 21 year old Donna. During one of their arguments over his behavior, he stabbed Donna, her 6 year old nephew Joseph White, and her 3 year old niece Amanda White, in their home and left the bodies to be found by the children’s parents. He fled to Arizona, groomed a 14 year old girl into an illicit “relationship”, and impregnated her. After he convinced her to move in with him, Nguyen physically and sexually abused the girl until she fled and went to the local police for help. Nguyen was then deported back to Oklahoma to face trial for Donna and the White children’s slayings, and was sentenced to death for them.
13. John Duvall (1986-1998, lethal injection): During a fight with his wife, 30 year old Donna, Duvall stabbed and suffocated her to death with a pillow.
14. John Castro Sr. (1983-1999, lethal injection): Castro carjacked Beulah Cox, a 31 year old Oklahoma State University student, after she picked him up hitchhiking and shot her to death. A few months later, Castro held up a restaurant with an empty pistol, and attacked the manger, 29 year old Rhonda Pappan, after forcing her to open the register. During their struggle, Pappan was fatally stabbed, and he took off with her purse. During his mid teens, Castro was allegedly molested by his mother. Castro's attorneys made the argument that his glimpses of Cox's buttocks reminded him of his mother's reported abuse, and he was triggered into attacking her for it.
15. Sean Sellers (1985-1999, lethal injection): In 1985, a then 15 year old Sellers tried to buy beer from a convenience store, but the clerk, 32 year old Robert Bower, denied him due to being underaged at the time. Sellers gunned him down in a fit of rage. A year later, Sellers shot and killed his mother, 32 year old Vonda Bellofatto, and stepfather, 43 year old Paul, in their sleep. Due to being 16 at the time of his conviction, Sellers remains the youngest condemned offender to have his sentence carried out in the post Furman era. He also attracted national media attention for claiming that his crimes were the result of demonic possession.
16. Scotty Moore (1983-1999, lethal injection): Moore was fired from a motel for undisclosed reasons. In retaliation, Moore and a cousin (whom he was dating at the time), assaulted the motel, and gunned down the desk clerk, 42 year old Alex Fernandez. According to court documents, the pair took a total of $97 in the robbery.
17. Norman Newsted (1984-1999, lethal injection): Newsted tricked Lawrence Buckley, a 26 year old cab driver, into picking him up. He shot Buckley dead and took his wallet. In an attempt to cover his tracks, Newsted placed the body inside the cab, and drove it into a creek near a local church. Despite his best efforts, Buckley’s cab and remains were discovered a day later by the church’s pastor.
18. Cornel Cooks (1982-1999, lethal injection): Cooks and his accomplice broke into the home of 87 year old Jennie Ridling. She was gagged, raped, and suffocated to death with gauze wrappings. According to autopsy reports, the pair abused her for over 2 hours. They then sacked the house for any valuables and left with her checkbook.
19. Bobby Ross (1983-1999, lethal injection): While robbing an inn, Ross fatally shot a police officer, 30 year old Steve Mahan, that tried to intervene.
20. Malcolm Johnson (~1970s(?)-2000, lethal injection): Johnson invaded the apartment of 76 year old Ura Thompson and sexually assaulted her. Thompson either died from having her chest compounded during the abuse or was suffocated by Johnson’s hands covering her nose. He seized several possessions such as furs, typewriters, purse, watch, rings, and a hand mirror, which were discovered by police in his residence during an unrelated investigation of a firearms possession charge. Johnson had an extensive criminal history, which included several convictions of rape, armed robberies, and burglaries. The case attracted controversy when it was discovered that the lead chemist in the investigation misconducted several of her other cases, and forged some of the evidence used in the trial. Despite the other overwhelming evidence to the contrary, Johnson’s supporters took the opportunity to push a narrative of his innocence.
21. Gary Walker (~1960s-2000, lethal injection): Walker abducted, raped, and murdered at least 5 women, 36 year old Margaret Lydick, 35 year old Jane Hilburn, 32 year old Janet Jewell, 25 year old Valerie Shaw-Hartzell, and 24 year old DeRonda Roy, and non fatally assaulted several other women and teenage girls. The victims were mostly strangled to death with their bras and panties. Some of them were forced to withdraw hundreds of dollars from ATMs before they were killed. He also strangled a man, 63 year old Eddie Cash, with an electrical cord while robbing his home. Walker had dozens of previous convictions for burglary, carjacking, drug possession, and carrying concealed weapons. Some of his earliest arrests occurred when he was a teenager.
22. Michael Roberts (~1988-2000, lethal injection): A career burglar, Roberts was condemned for murder of 80 year old Lula Brooks. She was raped and her throat was slit by an intruder in her home. Roberts' death sentence and execution has been contested, as he was convicted on his later recounted testimony alone. He claimed that the investigators tricked him into confessing with the promise of a plea deal that was allegedly withheld from him.
23. Kelly Rogers (1990-2000, lethal injection): Rogers’ girlfriend lured 21 year old Karen Lauffenburger into her apartment with a fake pizza order. They accosted her when she arrived with the delivery. After the couple forced Lauffenburger to hand to over the $40 she earned from the night's pizza deliveries and withdraw $175 from an ATM, Rogers raped and stabbed her to death. The body was left in Lauffenburger’s apartment and was found by her boyfriend.
24. Ronald Boyd (1986-2000, lethal injection): During a robbery spree of several gas stations and supermarkets, Boyd engaged in a shootout with the responding officers. A Master Patrolman, 32 year old Richard Riggs, was killed in the exchange.
25. Charles Foster (~1980s(?)-2000, lethal injection): Foster suspected a grocery store owner, 74 year old Claude Wiley, of making sexual advances at his wife. He arranged for her to entice Wiley to their home with an order. When he arrived with the delivery, Foster stabbed and bludgeoned him to death with a baseball bat. He a history of convictions involving threats and violence, though my sources didn’t disclose any specific details.
26. James Robedeaux (1978-2000, lethal injection): In 1978, Robedeaux strangled his first wife, 30 year old Linda, and plead guilty to a second degree murder charges. He was released after serving 6 out of a 25 year sentence despite an escape attempt. In the following year, he began a relationship with 37 year old Nancy McKinney while he married a different woman. During an argument, Robedeaux beat McKinney to death, dismembered her body with a saw and machete, and scattered the remains across the state. While being investigated for McKinney's murder, he was arrested for choking and beating his estranged second wife. The cases were incidental and kept separate by the courts.
27. Roger Berget (~1985-2000, lethal injection): Berget carjacked and abducted 33 year old Rick Patterson with an accomplice, and shot him dead. He also admitted to the beating death of a roommate, 40 year old James Meadows, on the behalf of the man's wife. As a trivial side note, Berget's brother Rodney was executed in 2018 by the state of South Dakota for killing a prison guard [for more information, please see Rodney Berget's entry under the South Dakota section of my states with less then 10 executions post].
28. William Bryson (1988-2000, lethal injection): To collect a $300,000 life insurance policy, Marilyn Plantz recruited her boyfriend Byrson and his friend to kill her husband, 33 year old James. Byrson and his friend ambushed Plantz in his house as he was coming home from work and beat him to death with a baseball bat. With the intentions of staging an accident, Marilyn ordered the pair to burn the body in the couple's pickup truck.
29. Gregg Braun (1989-2000, lethal injection): Across several states, Braun shot and killed 4 women, 48 year old Geraldine Valdez, 31 year old Gwendolyn Miller, 28 year old Mary Rains, 27 year old Barbara Kochendorfer, and one man, 54 year old Pete Spurrier, while robbing stores.
30. George Wallace (~1970s-2000, lethal injection): Known as "the Mad Paddler" due to his habit of spanking abducted preteen and teenage boys with a wooden paddle, Wallace kidnapped his victims by posing as a police officer. After duping his targets into thinking that they were being arrested, Wallace restrained them with handcuffs and leg chains. The captives were then sexually abused and shot or stabbed to death. His crimes were exposed when an 18 year old man he abducted escaped from him despite being shot and stabbed numerous times. By his own admission, Wallace murdered 18 year old Thomas Reed, 15 year old William Domer, 14 year old Mark McLaughlin, 14 year old Jeffrey Foster, and 12 year old Alonzo Cade.
31. Eddie Trice (1987-2001, lethal injection): Trice snuck into the home of 84 year old Ernestine Jones and raped her. After he beat Jones to death with numbchucks, he terrorized and extorted her cognitively disabled son of $500 with threats of killing him if he told anyone of the murder. The son was also assaulted with a hammer, and he received injuries to his right eye, right cheekbone, and his right forearm.
32. Wanda Allen (~1981-2001, lethal injection): In 1981, Allen got into a fight with her live in girlfriend, 21 year old Dedra Pettus, and shot her dead. Despite giving a bungled story about her being accidentally killed in a shootout with Pettus’ ex boyfriend to the investigators, Allen managed to secure a 4 year sentence for manslaughter after pleading guilty to a plea deal, and was released after serving two years. While incarcerated, she started dating a fellow inmate, 29 year old Gloria Leathers, and continued their relationship outside of prison. The couple’s relationship was marred with extreme domestic violence on Allen’s end. In one incident, Allen struck Leathers with a rake. In 1989, while they were arguing in front of a shopping center, Allen shot and killed Leathers. Leathers herself also had history of violence, and had a conviction for stabbing a woman to death. Allen and her defense team tried to use Leathers’ previous convictions to make a self defense argument, but that was shot down by the courts.
33. Floyd Medlock (1990-2001, lethal injection): 7 year old Katherine Busch went to visit her family's old apartment, which Medlock was residing in, by herself. Busch knocked on the door and Medlock let her inside after she begged for food. He then choked and sexually assaulted the girl, dunked her head in a toilet bowl, and stabbed her to death. The body was hidden in a nearby dumpster. Busch's grandmothers were staunch pro capital punishment and anti death penalty activists respectively, and their public feud over Medlock's sentence and execution attracted some media attention. Medlock also had an extensive criminal history despite being only 19 at the time of Busch's murder, and was previously arrested several times for indecent exposure, arson, armed robbery, and marijuana possession.
34. Dion Smallwood (1992-2001, lethal injection): Smallwood walked into the home of his ex girlfriend's adoptive stepmother, 68 year old Lois Frederick, without invitation. He had a tumultuous and often violent relationship with her adopted stepdaughter that she strongly opposed, and they broke up under her pressure. After an argument, Smallwood knocked Frederick unconscious with a croquet mallet, locked her in a car, and burned her alive in it.
35. Mark Fowler (1985-2001, lethal injection): To get back at his ex employers for firing him, Fowler and his partner, Billy Fox, stormed a supermarket that he used to work out. The pair rounded up 3 employees, Chumpon Chaowasin, a 44 year old Thai immigrant, 33 year old Rick Cast, and 27 year old John Barrier, at gun point. Their hostages were shot, clubbed, and stabbed to death, and they took over $2,7000 in cash and checks.
36. Billy Fox (1985-2001, lethal injection): Fox assisted the above mentioned Mark Fowler in robbing a supermarket and murdering 3 of its employees
37. Loyd Lafevers (1985-2001, lethal injection): Lafevers and his accomplice, Randall Cannon, kidnapped 84 year old Addie Hawley from her home. She was raped, trapped in the trunk of a car, and burned alive in it. Although she was rescued, Hawley died from her injuries 6 hours later. The pair stole Hawley's wedding ring and Lafevers gifted it to a stripper. As Hawley's nephew was a Colorado state senator, her murder gained some attention from media outlets.
38. Dorsie Jones Jr. (1979-2001, lethal injection): While drinking at a bar, a barmaid chastised Jones for carrying an unconcealed gun. He shot at her in a fit of rage, but missed and injured his female companion instead. Jones then turned his attention to the other patrons and fired on them. 48 year old Stanley Buck Sr. was killed in front of his 19 year old son, who was also wounded in the shooting.
39. Robert Clayton (~1980s-2001, lethal injection): Clayton attacked 19 year old Rhonda Timmons while she was sunbathing near her apartment. She was raped, stabbed, kicked in the head, and strangled to death with her swimming suit. Her husband found Timmons' body laying next to their infant daughter, who was left unharmed. Clayton had a previous rape conviction in Tennessee and a robbery conviction in Texas.
40. Ronald Fluke (1997-2001, lethal injection): Out of despair that his gambling addiction drove his family to near poverty, Fluke shot and killed his wife, 44 year old Ginger, and their daughters, 13 year old Kathryn and 11 year old Susanne, while they were sleeping in their bedrooms. He initially attacked Ginger with a hatchet, but turned to shooting when she fought back.
41. Marilyn Plantz (1988-2001, lethal injection): The married girlfriend of William Bryson. As mentioned under Bryson's entry, Plantz arranged for him and his friend to kill her husband James to collect his life insurance policy.
42. Terrance James (1983-2001, lethal injection): While awaiting trial for a theft of government property charge, James and two accomplices strangled a fellow inmate, 25 year old Mark Berry, with wire out of their suspicions of him being a snitch. They then hung the body in an attempt to make it look like a suicide. Berry was another party in the theft of government property case, and James and his accomplices believed that it was his testimony that got them arrested.
43. Vincent Johnson (1991-2001, lethal injection): Johnson gunned down 44 year old Shirley Mooneyham in her home. The prosecution believed that Mooneyham's boyfriend arranged the killing to collect a life insurance policy, but he was acquitted at trial.
44. Jerald Harjo (~1980s-2001, lethal injection): Harjo snuck into the bedroom of 64 year old Ruth Porter, raped her, and suffocated her with a pillowcase. He then snatched Porter's car keys and drove off with her van. His past criminal history was extensive, and was in prison numerous times for burglary and autotheft.
45. Jack Walker (1988-2001, lethal injection): Disgruntled with the custody dispute over their then 3 month old son, Walker stabbed his ex girlfriend, 17 year old Shelly Ellison, and her uncle, 30 year old Donald, 32 and 11 times with an ice pick during a confrontation at their home.
46. Alvie Hale Jr. (1983-2001, lethal injection): Hale kidnapped 24 year old William Perry to extort a $350,000 ransom from his banking family. When the negotiations failed, Perry was shot dead, and Hale buried the body on his father's property.
47. Lois Smith (1982-2001, lethal injection): Smith, her son, and a female accomplice abducted her son's ex girlfriend, 21 year old Cindy Baillee, from an airport out of fear her testifying of his involvement in the drug trade. Baillee was taken to Smith's ex husband's house, and stabbed in the throat by her ex boyfriend while driving to their destination. Inside the home, she was taunted by Smith with a gun, and was shot 7 times in the chest and 2 times in the back of the head. While her son was reloading the gun, Smith jumped on and crushed Bailee's throat.
48. Sahib Lateef Al-Mosawi (1992-2001, lethal injection): Following a dispute over their newborn son's name, Al-Mosawi's estranged wife, 26 year old Inaam Al-Nashi, fled to the apartment of her uncle, 45 year old Mohammed. Al-Mosaw attacked the pair in the apartment and stabbed them to death. Inaam's sister was also stabbed, but she managed to escape with her life. The couple and their families were refugees from Iraq that were displaced by the First Persian Gulf War, and they fled into the United States.
49. John Romano (1985-2002, lethal injection): Romano and his accomplice David Woodruff robbed and murdered two of their acquaintances. One of the victims, 63 year old Lloyd Thompson, was attacked in his apartment. Thompson was held down by the pair while they stabbed him 22 times and served his spinal cord. The other victim, 52 year old Roger Sarfaty, was tied up, beaten, stabbed 5 times, and strangled to death in a jewelry store he owned. In the robberies, Romano and Woodruff stole several pieces of jewelry from Sarfaty, and took most of Thompson’s quarter collection.
50. David Woodruff (1985-2002, lethal injection): As mentioned under John Romano's entry, Woodruff took part in the robbery murders of Lloyd Thompson and Roger Sarfaty.
51. Randall Cannon (1985-2002, lethal injection): Cannon assisted Loyd Lafevers in abducting, sexually assaulting, and burning Addie Hawley alive in her car. Although he was acquitted of molesting Hawley, Cannon was still condemned for his part in the kidnapping and murder.
52. Earl Frederick Sr. (~1989-2002, lethal injection): Frederick beat Bradford Beck, a 41 year old veteran that was crippled during his service in the Vietnam war, to death in his home after befriending him. He ransacked the house and dumped Beck's body in a field. A second murder, the robbery and shooting death of a Texan man, 77 year old Shirley Fox, was also tied to him. However, authorities in Texas withheld from prosecuting Fredrick due to his death penalty trial and conviction in Oklahoma. Both Fox and Beck had physical disabilities, which led prosecutors to the conclusion that Frederick intentionally selected and depredated on disabled men.
53. Jerry McCracken (~1980s(?)-2002, lethal injection): McCracken and his accomplice shot up a bar, killed 3 patrons and the bartender, and made off with $350. The victims that lost their lives were 41 year old Carol McDaniels, 37 year old Timothy Sheets, 34 year old Steven Sheets, and 27 year old Tyrrell Boyd. Months before the mass shooting, McCracken was paroled after serving time for stabbing 3 people in a bar fight.
54. Jay Neill (1984-2002, lethal injection): During a bank robbery, Neill disemboweled and nearly decapitated 3 tellers, 42 year old Kay Bruno, 25 year old Joyce Mullenix, and 19 year old Jerri Bowles. A group of 4 customers, consisting of 33 year old Ralph Zeller, a married couple, and their 14 month old daughter, unwittingly walked in on him, and he herded them into a backroom to be shot. Zeller was killed, the couple were wounded, and Neill left the daughter unharmed due to running out of bullets. Neill's boyfriend was given a life sentence for the robbery and murders, despite not being directly involved.
55. Ernest Carter Jr. (~1989-2002, lethal injection): After being fired from an autoshop, Carter robbed it with an accomplice, and fatally shot a security guard, 35 year old Eugene Manowski. The pair stole the shop's tow truck, and later tried to burn it with Carter's girlfriend to destroy any traces of the crime. Carter was also previously accused of burning a friend to death in the previous year, but the charges were dismissed.
56. Daniel Revilla (1987-2003, lethal injection): While babysitting his girlfriend's son, 13 month old Mark Gomez, in their home, Revilla broke the boy’s ribs in a beating and scalded him with boiling water. When he brought the boy to a hospital, Revilla gave a story that he accidentally hit Gomez’s head with a door handle, which was quickly seen through by the staff. According to the accounts of his girlfriend and her family, Revilla was violently abusive to Gomez, and they recounted incidents of him trapping the boy in a kitchen drawer, dunking him in cold water, folding him into a pull up bed, and hanging him by his ankles with duct tape.
57. Bobby Fields (~1990s-2003, lethal injection): Fields shot and killed 77 year old Louise Schem while burglarizing her home. She had tried to shot him with her .25 calibre pistol, but he wrestled the gun away from her, and gunned her down with it. His intentions was to steal Schem's television set to sell for cocaine, but left empty handed after losing his nerves with the struggle and murder. According to court documents, Fields had a previous robbery and assault conviction, and several arrests for drug possession.
58. Walanzo Robinson (1989-2003, lethal injection): A member of the Gangster Bloods street gang, Robinson shot and killed 26 year old Dennis Hill, an affiliate of a rival gang, in a turf war over drug sales.
59. John Hooker (~1971-2003, lethal injection): As a teenager in 1971, Hooker attended a party at a friend's house, and got into an argument. In a fit of anger, he fatally shot 18 year old Alta Lang, and wounded two other partygoers. Due to the witnesses refusing to cooperate with the investigation and being unable to prove any calculated intentions, Hooker was given a manslaughter conviction, and released a few years later. After he was paroled, Hooker started dating Sylvia Stokes, and fathered several children with her. Their troubled relationship lasted for 8 years, and ended when Stokes filed a protection order against him. In retaliation, Hooker lured Stokes and her mother, 53 year old Durcilla Morgan, into his apartment and stabbed them both to death.
60. Scot Hain (~1980s-2003, lethal injection): Hain carjacked and abducted a couple, 27 year old Michael Houghton and 22 year old Laura Sanders. After taking $565 and some bags of clothing, he forced them into the trunk of their car at gunpoint, and burned them alive in it. He had several previous arrests for robbery, and was involved with a number of rapes and attempted kidnappings months before the Houghton and Sanders' murders.
61. Don Hawkins Jr. (1985-2003, lethal injection): Hawkins kidnapped 29 year old Linda Ann Thompson and her two daughters, aged 4 years old and 18 months old, from a mall. Although his original intentions were to ransom off Thompson and her children, Hawkins gang raped the captive woman with his cousin and his girlfriend's teenage nephew, and drowned her in a lake. Thompson's children were spared and simply left with a babysitter. Hawkins and his accomplice then went on a nation wide rampage with his accomplice that involved the abductions and rapes of several grown women and teenage girls, hanging 31 year old David Coupez of Colorado in his home while robbing him, and countless other robberies.
62. Larry Jackson (~1984-2003, lethal injection): In 1984, Jackson shot and killed his girlfriend, 19 year old Freda Washington. He accepted a plea deal that dumbed down the charges to second degree murder, and was given a 30 year sentence for it. During his incarceration, Jackson started a relationship with 29 year old Wendy Cade. Despite her promises of marriage after his release, Cade left him for another man, and they got engaged. When Jackson was assigned to a prison work crew, he snuck out and went to confront Cade. Reportedly, the two had bought alchool, cocaine, and cigerates together and had sex in Cade's apartment. However, they got into an argument, and he slashed Cade's throat and stabbed her 31 times with box cutters. Jackson then left with her jewelry, watch, and the keys to her jeep.
submitted by Leather_Focus_6535 to TrueCrimeDiscussion [link] [comments]


2024.05.13 14:37 Fuzzy_Aspect_73 Travelling to New Mexico from Europe. Any jewelry connections?

Wachiye, boozhoo, hello:
I am Oji-Cree (Anishinini), planning a trip to New Mexico in July. I’ve just moved from Canada to the Netherlands and am planning on starting a jewelry business here.
I am hoping to make connections with local silversmiths and crafters, based on respect and mutuality for my fellow Natives in trade. It would be great to visit local Nations and reservations, but as a visitor I’m unsure where to start.
Is anyone in IndianCountry available to give helpful recommendations or starting points that may help in my journey?
Miigwetch 🪶
submitted by Fuzzy_Aspect_73 to IndianCountry [link] [comments]


2024.05.13 11:11 Kela-el silver-uses

silver-uses submitted by Kela-el to MonetaryRealist [link] [comments]


2024.05.13 04:05 LoriDee605 Kitchen Island Tumbler Set up

Kitchen Island Tumbler Set up
This side of the island is rock tumbling, the other side is my jewelry-making workbench. I can’t cook so I use the island. The island has a power outlet I use for the tumblers (on a power strip). I lined the cabinet with an old sleeping bag for sound dampening. The tumblers sit on packing foam to absorb vibration. I also tilt the tumblers so the barrel weight is mostly in the idle roller, not the drive roller. That takes some strain off the motor, especially the Nat Geo.
submitted by LoriDee605 to RockTumbling [link] [comments]


2024.05.12 08:20 Electrical-Aspect-13 From Sonora, Mexico. A yaqui indian in traditional clothes. this was obviously colorized. Around the 1900s. we can see the man in traditional clothes and jewelry.

From Sonora, Mexico. A yaqui indian in traditional clothes. this was obviously colorized. Around the 1900s. we can see the man in traditional clothes and jewelry. submitted by Electrical-Aspect-13 to fashionhistory [link] [comments]


2024.05.12 00:02 Redditaccount1543354 [WTS][WTT] 597 Grams of Sterling Silver - 10% Under Melt Shipped, 14K Scrap Lot under Melt, Gold & Silver Jewelry. Rings, Necklaces, Pendants

Proof: https://imgur.com/a/J5IRGvn
925 Sterling Silver Lot - 597 Grams - 10% UNDER MELT - Solid Sterling Butter Spreaders, Candy Nut Spoon, Spoons - $450 Shipped SOLD
14K Imperial Gold USA Basket Style Woven Bracelet - 7” Inches Long - 7.5mm Wide - 12.10grams - $645
10K Yellow Gold Italy Choker Necklace - 16” Inches Long - 4.75mm Wide - 20.50 Grams - $800
10 Yellow Gold Leafs Pendant - 1.60” Inches Wide - 2.75 Grams @ SPOT - $87
14K Yellow Gold Scrap lot - 1.16g - 10% under melt - $46
22-24K Gold Nugget PowdeDust left over from damaged gold specimens - .30g sold as 22k - 10% under melt - $18.77
14K Italy Gold .28 Carat Round Cut Diamond Pendant + 20” Inch Necklace - 3.00g - $275
14K Yellow Gold Heart Shaped 1.25 Carat Peridiot Stone Pendant + 18” Inch Necklace - 4.00g - $275
Willing to separate pendants and necklaces if you want to buy individually.
14K Jade Chinese Good Luck Prosperity Donut Pendant - 8.41g - 5mm Size - $225
14K Yellow Gold Green Fire Opal Pendant - 5.52g - Up to a 4mm wide/7mm length Chain/Necklace - **$750
Vintage 10K Yellow Gold Opal Ring - Size 7-7.25 - 3.30g - $275
14K Yellow Gold Two Foxes Interlinked Ring - Iced Out W/ Tiny Diamonds - Smallest Size 7 - Expands To Size 9 - 8.80g - $485
14K Yellow Gold Ring .25Ct Diamond - Size 10 - 4.25 grams @ Spot + $12 - $200 missing a 0.015 carat diamond, perfect for someone who wants to get a deal putting a small diamond in.
10k ring with missing .17ct stone - 2.05 grams @ Melt value - $65
10K Yellow Gold Diamond Cluster Ring - Size 7.5 - 2.75g - $125
14K Yellow Gold Diamond Flower Ring - 3.20g - Size 7 - $175
10k Yellow Gold Ring - Size 5.5-5.75 - 2.00 grams - $145
10K Yellow Gold Bypass Diamond Cluster Ring - Size 7.5-7.75 - 4.45g - $200
10K AFJC Yellow Gold Pear Shaped Amethyst Ring - Size 7 - 3.87 grams - $250
14K White Gold Diamond Ring .40CT Center Stone - Size 5.5 - $700
18K White Gold Diamond Cluster Ring - 0.56TCW - Size 7 - 3.95g - $450
10K Vintage Yellow Gold Ruby/Pearl Leaf Brooch Pin - 2.06g - 1.35” Inches Long - $96
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I also have a bunch of 925 Sterling jewelry for sale, Rings, necklaces, pendants, earrings, pins/brooch’s https://imgur.com/a/IklyakC https://imgur.com/a/Lwy3Mkx
Can’t list it all, message me if you see anything that catches your eye and I could take pictures, sizes and send the price your way.
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Silver
925 Italy Sterling Silver Herringbone Chain - 20” Inches Long - 6mm Wide - 17.50g - $30
925 Italy Sterling Silver Herringbone Chain - 18.25” Inches Long - 4.5mm Wide - 10.04g - $15
925 Italy Sterling Silver Rope Chain - 18” Inches Long - 9.03g - $18
925 Italy Sterling Silver - 18” Inches Long - 4mm Wide - 17.00g - $35
925 Sterling Silver Chain/Necklace - 36” Inches Long - 17.66g - $35
925 Sterling Silver Filigree Style Butterly Ring - Size 7-7.25 - $20
Vintage 925 Sterling Silver Onyx Butterfly Ring - Size 7-7.25- $35
Vintage Southwestern 925 Sterling Silver Red Coral/Blue Turquoise Butterfly Ring - Size 5.5-5.75 - $35
925 Sterling Silver Butterfly Pendant - 2mm Wide/3mm Long - $10
Fleming Sterling Silver 925 Horse Belt Buckle W/ rubies - Mexico - 92g - $150
925 Italy Sterling Silver Interlinked Weave Bracelet - 7” Inches Long - 8.88g - $25
925 Italy Sterling Silver Tri-Multi Strand Bracelet - 7” Inches Long - 10.55g - $30
Mark [XIV] Sterling Silver 925 Cuff Bracelet - 24.13g - 2.5” Inches Side to Side - $50 SOLD
925 Sterling Silver Somerset Mesh Bracelet - 39.00g - 2.75” Inch Diameter - $65
SARDA Fine Sterling Silver 925 Amethyst? Mixture Multi Strand Byzantine Wheat Link Chain Bracelet - Hand Crafted In Bali - 7” Inches Long - $120
925 Sterling Silver Custom Ingot Pendant Family Crest Marks - 55g - $75
Atocha Shipwreck Pendant 925 Sterling Silver - $40
925 Liquid Silver 30 Strand Necklace With 10 Strand Earrings - $55
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Payment
I accept Zelle, PayPal f&f as a last resort.
Willing to accept trades potentially for low premium silver or gold
—————————————————————————————
Shipping
$5 USPS first class shipping, $10 Priority box, $18 medium box
•Signature Confirmation $3 (Optional)
•Insurance is also available at buyers expenses.
•I pack safely and discretely - All Sales Final
•Prices are subject to change at any moments notice, if error occurs in pricing then purchase is void or canceled.
•Message me if you have any questions.
•All packages will be dropped on Monday or Tuesday.
•Once I drop the package at the post office I’m not responsible for USPS mistakes or losses.
submitted by Redditaccount1543354 to Pmsforsale [link] [comments]


2024.05.11 23:13 slyboogie96 Is it a special friendship or an emotional affair?

Currently in a temporary LDR with my girlfriend (in a queer relationship) for more than 2 months already because of her work. We've been together for more than 2 years now and this is the longest time we've been apart.
At first, it was alright, we still managed to have constant communication. But after a month and a half, when their schedule became a lot busier, she gradually lost time.
It was understandable at first, given their busy schedule. But then when I see that she has free time she still didn't even call. Don't get me wrong, I know I'm not entitled to her free time and she needs to rest and relax too -- but still, more than 2 weeks of no calls, erratic updates, less details of where she is or what she's doing-- eventually I barely know what she's up to.
I see her hanging out more often with her colleagues than she did before. Which was okay, she should socialize and she can also make friends. But from that point on, I'm having a gut feeling that something's wrong. I didn't bring it up for days, telling myself I'm just missing her and being paranoid.
Then when I brought up that she didn't have even little time for me, we had a small fight. She said I have to understand her situation there. And whenever I would like to know more details of what she's up to, it sounded like I'm accusing her.
Then just a week ago, I opened our iPad to check the receipt of the phone bill I paid, which was sent to her email. Her email was logged in and she has a habit of deleting even important invoices.
I was searching for it, then went to the trash, only to accidentally click on drafts. There I saw a sweet, lovely message she drafted for one of her colleagues. It was drafted weeks ago. It was a sweet and thoughtful parting message. She wrote along the words:
"We had a short but oh so sweet run and I don't want our relationship to end just because I'm going home. I am just going back to a place where it needed me the most right now and you will go to a place where you will learn more and strengthen your skills. But this isn't the end baby. This is the beginning of a lifelong relationship between you and me".
She also wrote that she'll fly anywhere in the world to get her and her home is her home. She called her name with "my" and had a special endearment for her.
When I confronted her, she had been defensive. She said she's just a special friend to whom she connected deeply in a platonic way. Like she had a soul sister. She said she doesn't have to explain to me because the letter is for that person. She wouldn't stay away from her just because I'm jealous and uncomfortable. She also explained that they all call each other at work "baby", regardless, she still refers to her in another word of endearment. She also added that I shouldn't be jealous because she's straight.
She said I shouldn't overthink the message too. But I didn't like the way she said as if she's just going home just because she needs to, because the contract's over and she has to go home. Like its an obligation, and that if she have a choice, she won't.
I like to believe her, I really do. But then, this discovery and her behavior lately prompted me to dig more. Her email, social media, and search history revealed more. (Yes this is very toxic, I know).
There is a deleted hotel booking confirmation, deleted massage appointment (i know she didn't avail for herself because she just got one), an Uber ride to said hotel, a search for a jewelry in a specific birthstone, a search for a sports watch (one of the other girl's interests), a searh for a luxury watch and where is the nearest outlet to buy it, a search for translation of words she captioned her insta post with the girl's photo, a lot of translation searches for messages, a search about songs on one sided love. Also searched how long can she stay in the country without a visa.
She also claimed that she wrote the message for a few mins but there's a search for "pick up lines" and quotes for said message.
There are saved reels with captions "we'll love each other in secret and that's okay", "i'll love you in silence".
Upon stalking the girl, the birthstone for her birth month is the exactly the one she's looking for in a necklace.
Do you think these are just being a very very nice friend??
As I am writing this, I feel like I'm fooling myself asking the question. A lot of these are assumptions but given that my girlfriend had enjoyed her time there a little too much to the point of neglecting me is making my heart drop.
submitted by slyboogie96 to survivinginfidelity [link] [comments]


2024.05.11 15:46 P00kiemonster Abuse victims launch four day, four city MO "outreach effort" against the Troubled Teen Industry.

Two survivors of childhood abuse will crisscross Missouri next week in what they’re calling "an outreach and education effort" to "help expose crimes against kids" in Christian boarding schools and prod officials to take immediate steps to "prevent more devastating harm to extremely vulnerable girls and boys."
They are:
--Amanda Householder of California, a nationally-known survivor, activist, and whistleblower who, in a highly unusual civil lawsuit, sued her parents for severely abusing purportedly ‘troubled kids’ at the two now-shuttered Christian reform/boarding schools they ran in southern Missouri for years. The couple face a trial this fall on 100+ felony charges. (Amanda’s experiences have been profiled on Dateline, Rolling Stone, the Daily Beast, Dr. Oz and an Amazon Prime documentary and numerous media outlets), and
--David Clohessy of St. Louis, the former long-time national director of SNAP, the Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests. (As a youngster, he and three of his brothers were sexually violated by a mid-Missouri priest.)
The events kick off on Monday, May 13 in St. Louis. The two, sometimes joined by other survivors and supporters, will also hold news conferences in Springfield on Tuesday, Jefferson City on Wednesday and Kansas City on Thursday.
The survivors will also
--disclose both newly-filed and recently settled abuse lawsuits involving several of these facilities,
--announce the formation of a new non-profit support & advocacy group for adults who suffered sexual, physical, emotional and educational abuse in ‘faith-based’ boarding/reform schools,
--pass out fliers in several small towns near 'faith-based' institutions that house purportedly 'troubled kids,'
--beg legislators, in the waning days of the legislative session, to "remove or reform Missouri's archaic, arbitrary and predator-friendly statute of limitations on child sex crimes,"
--prod local prosecutors to investigate the facilities in their counties,
--blast several politicians, including Missouri Attorney General Andrew Bailey,
--urge "anyone who "may have seen, suspected or suffered any kind of mistreatment at these 'schools' to 'show courage and compassion by contacting law enforcement,'" and
--meet individually with journalists.
At their kick-off event on Monday in St. Louis, the two will be accompanied by Doug Lay of Florissant, a Protestant survivor and whistleblower who helped expose child sex crimes at a boarding school in Mexico.
At the group’s news conference on Tuesday in Springfield, at least two other victims of boarding school abuse will also speak publicly for the first time.
Details of the events will be posted at SNAPnetwork.org (under "Media Events" &/or "Media Statements" &/or at DavidClohessy.com
submitted by P00kiemonster to missouri [link] [comments]


2024.05.11 15:37 P00kiemonster Abuse victims launch four day, four city MO "outreach effort" against the TTI.

Two survivors of childhood abuse will crisscross Missouri next week in what they’re calling "an outreach and education effort" to "help expose crimes against kids" in Christian boarding schools and prod officials to take immediate steps to "prevent more devastating harm to extremely vulnerable girls and boys."
They are:
--Amanda Householder of California, a nationally-known survivor, activist, and whistleblower who, in a highly unusual civil lawsuit, sued her parents for severely abusing purportedly ‘troubled kids’ at the two now-shuttered Christian reform/boarding schools they ran in southern Missouri for years. The couple face a trial this fall on 100+ felony charges. (Amanda’s experiences have been profiled on Dateline, Rolling Stone, the Daily Beast, Dr. Oz and an Amazon Prime documentary and numerous media outlets), and
--David Clohessy of St. Louis, the former long-time national director of SNAP, the Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests. (As a youngster, he and three of his brothers were sexually violated by a mid-Missouri priest.)
The events kick off on Monday, May 13 in St. Louis. The two, sometimes joined by other survivors and supporters, will also hold news conferences in Springfield on Tuesday, Jefferson City on Wednesday and Kansas City on Thursday.
The survivors will also
--disclose both newly-filed and recently settled abuse lawsuits involving several of these facilities,
--announce the formation of a new non-profit support & advocacy group for adults who suffered sexual, physical, emotional and educational abuse in ‘faith-based’ boarding/reform schools,
--pass out fliers in several small towns near 'faith-based' institutions that house purportedly 'troubled kids,'
--beg legislators, in the waning days of the legislative session, to "remove or reform Missouri's archaic, arbitrary and predator-friendly statute of limitations on child sex crimes,"
--prod local prosecutors to investigate the facilities in their counties,
--blast several politicians, including Missouri Attorney General Andrew Bailey,
--urge "anyone who "may have seen, suspected or suffered any kind of mistreatment at these 'schools' to 'show courage and compassion by contacting law enforcement,'" and
--meet individually with journalists.
At their kick-off event on Monday in St. Louis, the two will be accompanied by Doug Lay of Florissant, a Protestant survivor and whistleblower who helped expose child sex crimes at a boarding school in Mexico.
At the group’s news conference on Tuesday in Springfield, at least two other victims of boarding school abuse will also speak publicly for the first time.
Details of the events will be posted at SNAPnetwork.org (under "Media Events" &/or "Media Statements" &/or at DavidClohessy.com
submitted by P00kiemonster to troubledteens [link] [comments]


2024.05.10 23:53 Mountain_Mud3769 [WTS] Your Weekend Wholesale Deals! GOLD: Pre-33, AGE's, Mexico, Panda, 1/10, Vintage; SILVER: Vintage Art Bars, Geiger, and More!

Proof: https://imgur.com/a/75xhJKp
Every item is Sigma PRO full penetration and specific gravity tested.
SILVER: https://imgur.com/a/H4e7PlA
10 oz Geiger Bar, sealed - $
1 oz Vintage Art Bars - $
Random Selection of Silver - https://imgur.com/a/4KR3udH
GOLD: https://imgur.com/a/ikMrZWl (scroll down imgur link for pre-33 close ups)
1909 $2.50 Indian, ex jewelry - $
1897 $10 Liberty, XF - $
1899 $10 Liberty, BU - $
$20 Saint Gaudens, BU - $
1910-S $20 Saint Gaudens, PCGS MS 61, hairline crack on reverse corner due to being dropped - $
1/4 oz American Gold Eagle - $
2008 1/2 oz American Gold Eagle - $
1980 1/2 oz Krugerrand - $
Mexico 10 Peso (.2411 ozt agw) - $
Mexico 50 Peso (1.206 ozt agw) - $
Talent Dominon 1/10 oz .9999 "Light of the World" Round Numista - $
IGR 1 Gram bar, early sealed version - $
Vintage 1/3 oz Swiss Bank Corporation Bar - $
Vintage 1 oz Johnson Matthey Republic Bank of New York, original seal - $
Shipping Options:
$4+ USPS Ground tracked, optional insurance is $0.80 per $100 value;
$8 USPS Priority with optional insurance;
$16 Insured USPS Priority with signature confirmation; or
UPS, FedEx, or USPS Registered Mail available at cost with optional insurance.
My liability ends once package is in carrier custody.
Payment Options: Zelle, Venmo, PaypalFF, CashApp, Picture Check (up to 5 days to clear), Crypto (USDC no fee, others 2-3.5%). No notes or comments, use period or emote for Venmo.
Chat preferred, PM is fine too. Please say your shipping and payment choice.
submitted by Mountain_Mud3769 to Pmsforsale [link] [comments]


2024.05.10 07:45 Doubtfulaboutit The Original Purpose of the Divine Towers and Farum Azula's Doom

The Original Purpose of the Divine Towers and Farum Azula's Doom
Of the 400 hours I have spent in this game, probably 1/2 of that time has been spent on trying to understand the Divine Towers (DT) and Farum Azula (AZ). What was their history? Who built them? Why is FA crumbling? Why do the DT have meteorite's imbedded in them? And the list goes on and on.
Now I believe I know enough about their history to determine two things: The reason the DT were created and why Farum Azula is crumbling, and subsequently why it is located to the east and only visible by the Isolated Divine Tower.
For those who want the express answer, TL;DR:
  • FA is based on Laputa from Castle in the Sky AND Gulliver's travels
  • The DT were built likely to protect the inhabitants on the ground from FA, to destroy FA, or both.
  • Gullivers travels have a story (that castle in the sky is based on) about a flying kingdom called Laputa. In the story, some of the people rebel and build towers containing magnetic stones that cause mechanics of Laputa to begin to fail to cause the city to crash on the towers so it would break apart.
The details behind these points are listed below.
1. The Ruins of Farum Azula
If you explore Limgrave and Liurnia, you'll notice that both of these regions feature many ruins, but ONLY these regions. That has bothered me for a long time. You won't find the ruins in Caelid, Altus, Gelmir, or the Mountain Top of the Giants. We know these ruins fell from the sky as the Ruin Fragment, which can be found all over these ruins, has a description that says:
"Stone fragment found near places where ruins have fallen from the sky. Can be used for crafting, or simply for throwing at enemies. These shards of stone are believed to have once been part of a temple in the sky. They glow with a faint light from within."
And the Sanctuary Stone description reads:
"A rare piece of stone fragment found near places where ruins have fallen from the sky."
There is a small detail that all of these ruins share that help us identify why FA is called Farum AZULA. Azula is a feminine Spanish word/name for Blue. If you look closely at any of the fallen ruins, you'll see this color barely clinging on:
https://preview.redd.it/yr8b0t9ddjzc1.jpg?width=2671&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=9633d3867ddc0395e32d0c5028add5dee8d24d9c
This blue can also be found on beastmen adornments and in their burial statues
This Blue appears to be the remnants of a kind of paint that once coated the ruins. We have real world examples of this from multiple ancient civilizations (Greeks, Romans, Egyptians etc) where over the centuries the original color of statues and buildings has faded. So now we have an idea as to why FA is called "Farum Blue" (Additionally, some of the jewelry worn by the beast-men of FA also have blue ornamentation as well as the corpses held in the structures all over FA and the Bestial Sanctum.)
So what of there structure? Which part of Farum Azula did these ruins make up? Well I tried to get creative and reconstruct them as best I could. There seem to be about two main types of ruins: Circular and Square. The circular ruins look like the once formed a circular wall or tower and the square pieces look like they might have been the tops of the towers. I took a screenshot of one of the ruins and followed the curvature in an attempt to recreate the structure:
https://preview.redd.it/1u0yimwidjzc1.jpg?width=1427&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=73d04d13b7b30be1922366ee6ac1746602dca685
You might have to zoom in on this picture to see the ruin's behind the character.
It is possible I am too in the weeds with this, especially since all the ruins are the same: Designs on the top, inside, and outside of the structures with the bottoms and sides indicating they were once connected to other pieces or the ground. That they were all the same height. But there is another option, the structure under the Bestial Sanctum.
https://preview.redd.it/9mt2ggfmdjzc1.jpg?width=640&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=3666887f24cee07ed08beafcba7fe8b9960237c8
The structure under the sanctum has an incomplete tower like design but based on how it seems partially buried, might be a completed tower. Additionally, the bestial sanctum structure also features the square shapes that we see scattered around Limgrave and Liurnia.
As I mentioned above, the ruin fragments and sanctuary stones can both be found on this structure as you climb down, but that I'll touch on that later.
Now that we have looked at the ruins themselves in terms of structure, we still need to figure out WHY they are scattered the way they are. Why do they only appear in two regions? The Ruins Greatsword may have the answer:
"Originally rubble from a ruin which fell from the sky, this surviving fragment was honed into a weapon. One of the legendary armaments.
The ruin it came from crumbled when struck by a meteorite, as such this weapon harbors its destructive power."
When something impacted by great force like a bullet, cannon ball, or a meteor, the impact will launch the broken pieces out away from the place of impact. We might be able to use the locations of the ruins to determine where FA was when it was struck:
https://preview.redd.it/hgiwbrgpdjzc1.jpg?width=1524&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=c9e9ce607926aa65ced637b5e266fde8b97aa086
If you notice where the red arrow points, you might catch onto an idea I am playing with about which meteor struck FA...
The yellow lines above creating the farthest the ruins go in each region, we can roughly figure out FA's location when it was struck. It is also possible that the one meteor broke into multiple pieces (as often happens with meteors; literally a meteor shower) just prior to striking FA as we can find multiple meteors throughout the lands between (every tunnel has a meteor in the boss room).
So now that we have the potential location of FA when it was struck, you may wonder "what does this have to do with the DTs?"
2. The Intended Purpose of the Divine Towers
If you have spent any time researching the inspirations for many of Elden Ring's designs and lore you will have no doubt come across Hayao Miyazaki's Castle in the Sky. FA seems to be heavily inspired by Laputa, the literal Castle in the Sky from the movie of the same name.
https://preview.redd.it/oswm6x0sdjzc1.jpg?width=300&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=6b9904d5b02d99d2e297032017d713da8c30ad67
We can see several inspirations for FA in the Castle of Laputa from the outer ring walls to the giant tree that houses the powering device of the Castle. The underside of the city, where the dome is, is an ancient technology capable of destruction as serves as a kind of control point for the city. And guess which color it is? That's right, Blue.
But Laputa does not originate in Castle in the Sky. The story of Laputa goes much further back to the original story that inspired Hayao Miyazaki movie, Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels. On one of Gulliver's voyages he and his men are attacked by pirates. Gulliver then find himself marooned on an island and while exploring notices a large object in the sky blocks out the sun. The object is the floating city of Laputa. Laputa is a large cicular city with a flat underside. The underside of the city is made of Adamant, which extends up 200 yards from the bottom. Adamant is a blue stone and it covers the entire underside of the city.
https://preview.redd.it/laay4ar1ejzc1.jpg?width=932&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=3249f092d0dfaa7b65c57828a639befd16786d36
https://preview.redd.it/ownyxd5vdjzc1.jpg?width=170&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=9aa816102eba2142fda5db23a9574a3d9b345911
Here is the section of the story further describing the construction of the city (fair warning, it's not short) Skip ahead to the next bold text to skip the story:
"The flying or floating island is exactly circular, its diameter 7837 yards, or about four miles and a half, and consequently contains ten thousand acres. It is three hundred yards thick. The bottom, or under surface, which appears to those who view it below, is one even regular plate of adamant, shooting up to the height of about two hundred yards. Above it lie the several minerals in their usual order, and over all is a coat of rich mould, ten or twelve feet deep. The declivity of the upper surface, from the circumference to the centre, is the natural cause why all the dews and rains, which fall upon the island, are conveyed in small rivulets toward the middle, where they are emptied into four large basins, each of about half a mile in circuit, and two hundred yards distant from the centre. From these basins the water is continually exhaled by the sun in the daytime, which effectually prevents their overflowing. Besides, as it is in the power of the monarch to raise the island above the region of clouds and vapours, he can prevent the falling of dews and rain whenever he pleases. For the highest clouds cannot rise above two miles, as naturalists agree, at least they were never known to do so in that country.
At the centre of the island there is a chasm about fifty yards in diameter, whence the astronomers descend into a large dome, which is therefore called flandona gagnole, or the astronomer’s cave, situated at the depth of a hundred yards beneath the upper surface of the adamant. In this cave are twenty lamps continually burning, which, from the reflection of the adamant, cast a strong light into every part. The place is stored with great variety of sextants, quadrants, telescopes, astrolabes, and other astronomical instruments. But the greatest curiosity, upon which the fate of the island depends, is a loadstone of a prodigious size, in shape resembling a weaver’s shuttle. It is in length six yards, and in the thickest part at least three yards over. This magnet is sustained by a very strong axle of adamant passing through its middle, upon which it plays, and is poised so exactly that the weakest hand can turn it. It is hooped round with a hollow cylinder of adamant, four feet deep, as many thick, and twelve yards in diameter, placed horizontally, and supported by eight adamantine feet, each six yards high. In the middle of the concave side, there is a groove twelve inches deep, in which the extremities of the axle are lodged, and turned round as there is occasion.
The stone cannot be removed from its place by any force, because the hoop and its feet are one continued piece with that body of adamant which constitutes the bottom of the island.
By means of this loadstone, the island is made to rise and fall, and move from one place to another. For, with respect to that part of the earth over which the monarch presides, the stone is endued at one of its sides with an attractive power, and at the other with a repulsive. Upon placing the magnet erect, with its attracting end towards the earth, the island descends; but when the repelling extremity points downwards, the island mounts directly upwards. When the position of the stone is oblique, the motion of the island is so too. For in this magnet, the forces always act in lines parallel to its direction.
By this oblique motion, the island is conveyed to different parts of the monarch’s dominions. To explain the manner of its progress, let A B represent a line drawn across the dominions of Balnibarbi, let the line c d represent the loadstone, of which let d be the repelling end, and c the attracting end, the island being over C; let the stone be placed in the position c d, with its repelling end downwards; then the island will be driven upwards obliquely towards D. When it is arrived at D, let the stone be turned upon its axle, till its attracting end points towards E, and then the island will be carried obliquely towards E; where, if the stone be again turned upon its axle till it stands in the position E F, with its repelling point downwards, the island will rise obliquely towards F, where, by directing the attracting end towards G, the island may be carried to G, and from G to H, by turning the stone, so as to make its repelling extremity to point directly downward. And thus, by changing the situation of the stone, as often as there is occasion, the island is made to rise and fall by turns in an oblique direction, and by those alternate risings and fallings (the obliquity being not considerable) is conveyed from one part of the dominions to the other.
But it must be observed, that this island cannot move beyond the extent of the dominions below, nor can it rise above the height of four miles. For which the astronomers (who have written large systems concerning the stone) assign the following reason: that the magnetic virtue does not extend beyond the distance of four miles, and that the mineral, which acts upon the stone in the bowels of the earth, and in the sea about six leagues distant from the shore, is not diffused through the whole globe, but terminated with the limits of the king’s dominions; and it was easy, from the great advantage of such a superior situation, for a prince to bring under his obedience whatever country lay within the attraction of that magnet.
When the stone is put parallel to the plane of the horizon, the island stands still; for in that case the extremities of it, being at equal distance from the earth, act with equal force, the one in drawing downwards, the other in pushing upwards, and consequently no motion can ensue.
This loadstone is under the care of certain astronomers, who, from time to time, give it such positions as the monarch directs. They spend the greatest part of their lives in observing the celestial bodies, which they do by the assistance of glasses, far excelling ours in goodness. For, although their largest telescopes do not exceed three feet, they magnify much more than those of a hundred with us, and show the stars with greater clearness. This advantage has enabled them to extend their discoveries much further than our astronomers in Europe; for they have made a catalogue of ten thousand fixed stars, whereas the largest of ours do not contain above one third part of that number. They have likewise discovered two lesser stars, or satellites, which revolve about Mars; whereof the innermost is distant from the centre of the primary planet exactly three of his diameters, and the outermost, five; the former revolves in the space of ten hours, and the latter in twenty-one and a half; so that the squares of their periodical times are very near in the same proportion with the cubes of their distance from the centre of Mars; which evidently shows them to be governed by the same law of gravitation that influences the other heavenly bodies.
They have observed ninety-three different comets, and settled their periods with great exactness. If this be true (and they affirm it with great confidence) it is much to be wished, that their observations were made public, whereby the theory of comets, which at present is very lame and defective, might be brought to the same perfection with other arts of astronomy.
The king would be the most absolute prince in the universe, if he could but prevail on a ministry to join with him; but these having their estates below on the continent, and considering that the office of a favourite has a very uncertain tenure, would never consent to the enslaving of their country.
If any town should engage in rebellion or mutiny, fall into violent factions, or refuse to pay the usual tribute, the king has two methods of reducing them to obedience. The first and the mildest course is, by keeping the island hovering over such a town, and the lands about it, whereby he can deprive them of the benefit of the sun and the rain, and consequently afflict the inhabitants with dearth and diseases. And if the crime deserve it, they are at the same time pelted from above with great stones, against which they have no defence but by creeping into cellars or caves, while the roofs of their houses are beaten to pieces. But if they still continue obstinate, or offer to raise insurrections, he proceeds to the last remedy, by letting the island drop directly upon their heads, which makes a universal destruction both of houses and men. However, this is an extremity to which the prince is seldom driven, neither indeed is he willing to put it in execution; nor dare his ministers advise him to an action, which, as it would render them odious to the people, so it would be a great damage to their own estates, which all lie below; for the island is the king’s demesne.
But there is still indeed a more weighty reason, why the kings of this country have been always averse from executing so terrible an action, unless upon the utmost necessity. For, if the town intended to be destroyed should have in it any tall rocks, as it generally falls out in the larger cities, a situation probably chosen at first with a view to prevent such a catastrophe; or if it abound in high spires, or pillars of stone, a sudden fall might endanger the bottom or under surface of the island, which, although it consist, as I have said, of one entire adamant, two hundred yards thick, might happen to crack by too great a shock, or burst by approaching too near the fires from the houses below, as the backs, both of iron and stone, will often do in our chimneys. Of all this the people are well apprised, and understand how far to carry their obstinacy, where their liberty or property is concerned. And the king, when he is highest provoked, and most determined to press a city to rubbish, orders the island to descend with great gentleness, out of a pretence of tenderness to his people, but, indeed, for fear of breaking the adamantine bottom; in which case, it is the opinion of all their philosophers, that the loadstone could no longer hold it up, and the whole mass would fall to the ground.
About three years before my arrival among them, while the king was in his progress over his dominions, there happened an extraordinary accident which had like to have put a period to the fate of that monarchy, at least as it is now instituted. Lindalino, the second city in the kingdom, was the first his majesty visited in his progress. Three days after his departure the inhabitants, who had often complained of great oppressions, shut the town gates, seized on the governor, and with incredible speed and labour erected four large towers, one at every corner of the city (which is an exact square), equal in height to a strong pointed rock that stands directly in the centre of the city. Upon the top of each tower, as well as upon the rock, they fixed a great loadstone, and in case their design should fail, they had provided a vast quantity of the most combustible fuel, hoping to burst therewith the adamantine bottom of the island, if the loadstone project should miscarry.
It was eight months before the king had perfect notice that the Lindalinians were in rebellion. He then commanded that the island should be wafted over the city. The people were unanimous, and had laid in store of provisions, and a great river runs through the middle of the town. The king hovered over them several days to deprive them of the sun and the rain. He ordered many packthreads to be let down, yet not a person offered to send up a petition, but instead thereof very bold demands, the redress of all their grievances, great immunities, the choice of their own governor, and other the like exorbitances. Upon which his majesty commanded all the inhabitants of the island to cast great stones from the lower gallery into the town; but the citizens had provided against this mischief by conveying their persons and effects into the four towers, and other strong buildings, and vaults underground.
The king being now determined to reduce this proud people, ordered that the island should descend gently within forty yards of the top of the towers and rock. This was accordingly done; but the officers employed in that work found the descent much speedier than usual, and by turning the loadstone could not without great difficulty keep it in a firm position, but found the island inclining to fall. They sent the king immediate intelligence of this astonishing event, and begged his majesty’s permission to raise the island higher; the king consented, a general council was called, and the officers of the loadstone ordered to attend. One of the oldest and expertest among them obtained leave to try an experiment, he took a strong line of an hundred yards, and the island being raised over the town above the attracting power they had felt, he fastened a piece of adamant to the end of his line, which had in it a mixture of iron mineral, of the same nature with that whereof the bottom or lower surface of the island is composed, and from the lower gallery let it down slowly towards the top of the towers. The adamant was not descended four yards, before the officer felt it drawn so strongly downwards that he could hardly pull it back, he then threw down several small pieces of adamant, and observed that they were all violently attracted by the top of the tower. The same experiment was made on the other three towers, and on the rock with the same effect.
This incident broke entirely the king’s measures, and (to dwell no longer on other circumstances) he was forced to give the town their own conditions.
I was assured by a great minister that if the island had descended so near the town as not to be able to raise itself, the citizens were determined to fix it for ever, to kill the king and all his servants, and entirely change the government.
By a fundamental law of this realm, neither the king, nor either of his two eldest sons, are permitted to leave the island; nor the queen, till she is past child-bearing."
Stop Here
There are a couple of things to note from Gulliver's account of Laputa:
  • The Adamant (which is blue)
  • The lodestone that controls Laputa's movement
  • The Astronomer's cave (dome) which houses the lodestone and the eight pedestals that hold it up in the cylinder in which it sits.
  • The towers that house lodetones of their own to bring down Laputa
You can already see where I am going with the Divine towers. Housed in each tower at the top are multiple meteors and meteors house gravitational power. Additionally, lodestone is a real stone that is magnetized. And this is what the rock looks like:
https://preview.redd.it/pi8xqdi4ejzc1.jpg?width=1400&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=3ac691893df418414ed4c96bb42eaa43446c3d15
Now compare that to a picture of picture of the rocks that make up the very foundations of FA:
https://preview.redd.it/q5t3yxw6ejzc1.jpg?width=4032&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=cc100b83df5036d28851978205766e78a1405a7f
Ok, so the towers have gravitational power and FA is made of lodestone/is magnetized, how does that relate? Well lets look at the symbol for gravitational magic/power in Elden Ring:
https://preview.redd.it/q3gkjkmbejzc1.png?width=512&format=png&auto=webp&s=13ccd12848e9fef2046d12c4ac533e2ec505890d
This symbol actually represents how Earth's magnetic poles work in real life. Gravity is literally responsible for Earth's magnetic poles and the effects they have on our planet:
https://preview.redd.it/nf2f4m6gejzc1.png?width=700&format=png&auto=webp&s=053bb61f25d0720be0b7027050448e1cc3929da2
All that to say, FA does not have a lodestone to direct it's movements like Laputa does, it IS a lodestone.
Side note: Since electromagnetism is essentially why lightning exists (a negative charge being attracted to a positive one) I am playing with the idea that dragons can control lightning themselves because the are living lodestones. Additionally, we know that gravity affects time dilation in the real world. It's possible that the dragon's bodies allows them to lightly twist time as well as control lightning. If you examine the bodies, the bodies of the dead ones in the walls of FA and even the damaged body of Placidusax, you'll notice the same rock and mineral vein patterns on them all, that again, look like lodestones from real life:
https://preview.redd.it/dvdh6zwkejzc1.jpg?width=1920&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=a0722807afe3a6f1c81bdd1d8b8b22e93e45ce81
This would be similar to how the onyx and alabasters lords are living stones and who also have mineral veins on their bodies:
https://preview.redd.it/tki6eprnejzc1.png?width=1280&format=png&auto=webp&s=735afd4702e46ae566b43fddda1b0359928126b0
The difference being that one harnesses more of the gravitational aspect and the other lightning or electromagnetism. But I've only just thought of all of this so back to the main subject.
FA may have come from the surface of the lands between, but that was "time immemorial". So long ago that the lands likely look nothing like they used to, with only the DT and FA (and a few other ruins) left to indicate the world as they knew it.
So the question is, if the towers were meant to pull FA down in hopes of destroying or crippling it, was it a wasted effort? Well, maybe not. The two unique features to the isolated DT is that you can actually FA from the top of the tower and the tower itself is damaged on top. No other tower has these details. I don't think that is a coincidence.
https://preview.redd.it/5lbv21jqejzc1.jpg?width=600&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=8100e78481e56972dcf6e9498c31eda168fb4f24
Despite the Bestial Sanctum being a few hundred yards away at most and sharing the same architecture, FA is still not visible from that location.
Tarnished Archeologist, in his video where he discusses the making of the towers, points out (and I agree) that what may rest underneath the two fingers atop each tower (or Ranni's body), or at least once did, was a central meteor. This would fit with what we see around the rest of the tower. He also posits that it was the giants who built these towers (as the eye of the fell god matches the 8 points, which are meteors, around the center point, which would be another meteor).
I speculate that after being damaged, FA was in retreat and proceeded east passing over the Isolated Divine Tower and struck it due to the gravitational force that pulled it down and reducing it to what it is now by essentially shredding what survived. I also speculate that this contact with the DT allows us to see FA from the tower itself when it's not visible from anywhere else.
3. Additional Thoughts/Speculations
These speculations don't quite address a few other questions that aren't necessarily related, like why the storm? I have also considered that this storm may have been an attack by the Storm King to attack or confine Placidusax in an act of Rebellion.
In Gulliver's Travels the town that built the towers are essentially rebelling against Laputa. This act of defiance and rebellion would line up with the Storm King description:
"Ashes of a hawk revered by all others as sovereign back in the days when Stormveil's winds still raged like no other.
This ancient monarch is proud however, refusing to answer anyone's summons."
In addition to this, we find storm hawks in FA. We also find banished knights in FA and the other place we find both together is Stormveil Castle. It would almost seem like both were part of a rebellious war against the inhabitants of FA.
I also think its possible the original inhabitants of FA were the humans we see depicted in the architecture and that the dragons took over. Thus the act of rebellion was a means to fight against the dragons tyrannical rule. After all we know the dragons are not against going to war against the human races of the Lands Between.
We know the final resting place of the Great Alexander is FA after we defeat him. Alexandria Egypt is the resting place of Alexander the Great from history. The Pharos of Alexndria is also in this location. Pharos = Farum. Further, Egypt was the only ancient civilization to use heavily use the color blue. The ancient Egyptians held the color blue in very high regard and were eager to present it on many media and in a variety of forms. They also desired to imitate the semiprecious stones turquoise and lapis lazuli which were valued for their rarity and stark blue color. Apart from Egypt, ancient civilizations had no word for the color blue. It was the last color to appear in many languages, including Greek, Chinese, Japanese, and Hebrew.
It would seem that in addition to being inspired by Miyazaki and Swift's Laputa, FA was also the Land's Between version of ancient Egypt.
Another interesting feature in FA is the boss area where you fight Maliketh. In the boss around, which sits in the massive dome, there are 8 pillars. These are the pillars that Maliketh will jump off of when he attacks you in phase 2. The pillars are in two rows of 4. Now look at the throne room in Laputa from Castle in the Sky:
https://preview.redd.it/cz0j8qwvejzc1.jpg?width=3579&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=5cc4a0522d2f7bbedf7b8018ff1497b450a3b275
There are 8 circles on the floor as if 8 cylindrical objects were positioned there. This throne room in Laputa sits above the core of the castle/city where the lodestone controls the movement.
submitted by Doubtfulaboutit to Eldenring [link] [comments]


2024.05.10 07:33 Doubtfulaboutit The reason the Divine Towers were created and Farum Azula's original location.

The reason the Divine Towers were created and Farum Azula's original location.
Of the 400 hours I have spent in this game, probably 1/2 of that time has been spent on trying to understand the Divine Towers (DT) and Farum Azula (AZ). What was their history? Who built them? Why is FA crumbling? Why do the DT have meteorite's imbedded in them? And the list goes on and on.
Now I believe I know enough about their history to determine two things: The reason the DT were created and why Farum Azula is crumbling, and subsequently why it is located to the east and only visible by the Isolated Divine Tower.
For those who want the express answer, TL;DR:
  • >! FA is based on Laputa from Castle in the Sky AND Gulliver's travels!<
  • >! The DT were built likely to protect the inhabitants on the ground from FA, to destroy FA, or both.!<
  • Gullivers travels have a story (that castle in the sky is based on) about a flying kingdom called Laputa. In the story, some of the people rebel and build towers containing magnetic stones that cause mechanics of Laputa to begin to fail to cause the city to crash on the towers so it would break apart.
The details behind these points are listed below.
1. The Ruins of Farum Azula
If you explore Limgrave and Liurnia, you'll notice that both of these regions feature many ruins, but ONLY these regions. That has bothered me for a long time. You won't find the ruins in Caelid, Altus, Gelmir, or the Mountain Top of the Giants. We know these ruins fell from the sky as the Ruin Fragment, which can be found all over these ruins, has a description that says:
"Stone fragment found near places where ruins have fallen from the sky. Can be used for crafting, or simply for throwing at enemies. These shards of stone are believed to have once been part of a temple in the sky. They glow with a faint light from within."
And the Sanctuary Stone description reads:
"A rare piece of stone fragment found near places where ruins have fallen from the sky."
There is a small detail that all of these ruins share that help us identify why FA is called Farum AZULA. Azula is a feminine Spanish word/name for Blue. If you look closely at any of the fallen ruins, you'll see this color barely clinging on:
This blue can also be found on beastmen adornments and in their burial statues
This Blue appears to be the remnants of a kind of paint that once coated the ruins. We have real world examples of this from multiple ancient civilizations (Greeks, Romans, Egyptians etc) where over the centuries the original color of statues and buildings has faded. So now we have an idea as to why FA is called "Farum Blue" (Additionally, some of the jewelry worn by the beast-men of FA also have blue ornamentation as well as the corpses held in the structures all over FA and the Bestial Sanctum.)
So what of there structure? Which part of Farum Azula did these ruins make up? Well I tried to get creative and reconstruct them as best I could. There seem to be about two main types of ruins: Circular and Square. The circular ruins look like the once formed a circular wall or tower and the square pieces look like they might have been the tops of the towers. I took a screenshot of one of the ruins and followed the curvature in an attempt to recreate the structure:
You might have to zoom in on this picture to see the ruin's behind the character.
It is possible I am too in the weeds with this, especially since all the ruins are the same: Designs on the top, inside, and outside of the structures with the bottoms and sides indicating they were once connected to other pieces or the ground. That they were all the same height. But there is another option, the structure under the Bestial Sanctum.
https://preview.redd.it/vis72frizizc1.jpg?width=640&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=fdd4e73eed283facab6fb579fd32f14bbcf1f86a
The structure under the sanctum has an incomplete tower like design but based on how it seems partially buried, might be a completed tower. Additionally, the bestial sanctum structure also features the square shapes that we see scattered around Limgrave and Liurnia.
https://preview.redd.it/dbc1u4rlzizc1.png?width=784&format=png&auto=webp&s=c99c94440e982faa28b05c5ed11298c042152ba5
As I mentioned above, the ruin fragments and sanctuary stones can both be found on this structure as you climb down, but that I'll touch on that later.
Now that we have looked at the ruins themselves in terms of structure, we still need to figure out WHY they are scattered the way they are. Why do they only appear in two regions? The Ruins Greatsword may have the answer:
https://preview.redd.it/yji645nzzizc1.jpg?width=1024&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=3185cdad2b00dafe834c174981e1321366a0cabc
"Originally rubble from a ruin which fell from the sky, this surviving fragment was honed into a weapon. One of the legendary armaments.
The ruin it came from crumbled when struck by a meteorite, as such this weapon harbors its destructive power."
When something impacted by great force like a bullet, cannon ball, or a meteor, the impact will launch the broken pieces out away from the place of impact. We might be able to use the locations of the ruins to determine where FA was when it was struck:
If you notice where the red arrow points, you might catch onto an idea I am playing with about which meteor struck FA...
The yellow lines above creating the farthest the ruins go in each region, we can roughly figure out FA's location when it was struck. It is also possible that the one meteor broke into multiple pieces (as often happens with meteors; literally a meteor shower) just prior to striking FA as we can find multiple meteors throughout the lands between (every tunnel has a meteor in the boss room).
So now that we have the potential location of FA when it was struck, you may wonder "what does this have to do with the DTs?"
2. The Intended Purpose of the Divine Towers
If you have spent any time researching the inspirations for many of Elden Ring's designs and lore you will have no doubt come across Hayao Miyazaki's Castle in the Sky. FA seems to be heavily inspired by Laputa, the literal Castle in the Sky from the movie of the same name.
https://preview.redd.it/0isjx1bv0jzc1.jpg?width=300&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=67cb7111c2072aea6cd634b6e086ea0adbd36d32
We can see several inspirations for FA in the Castle of Laputa from the outer ring walls to the giant tree that houses the powering device of the Castle. The underside of the city, where the dome is, is an ancient technology capable of destruction as serves as a kind of control point for the city. And guess which color it is? That's right, Blue.
But Laputa does not originate in Castle in the Sky. The story of Laputa goes much further back to the original story that inspired Hayao Miyazaki movie, Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels. On one of Gulliver's voyages he and his men are attacked by pirates. Gulliver then find himself marooned on an island and while exploring notices a large object in the sky blocks out the sun. The object is the floating city of Laputa. Laputa is a large cicular city with a flat underside. The underside of the city is made of Adamant, which extends up 200 yards from the bottom. Adamant is a blue stone and it covers the entire underside of the city.
https://preview.redd.it/klrjpzv11jzc1.jpg?width=932&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=eb03e0d373b51999c676e98e4685de9ea577e7e6
Here is the section of the story further describing the construction of the city (fair warning, it's not short) Skip ahead to the next bold text to skip the story:
"The flying or floating island is exactly circular, its diameter 7837 yards, or about four miles and a half, and consequently contains ten thousand acres. It is three hundred yards thick. The bottom, or under surface, which appears to those who view it below, is one even regular plate of adamant, shooting up to the height of about two hundred yards. Above it lie the several minerals in their usual order, and over all is a coat of rich mould, ten or twelve feet deep. The declivity of the upper surface, from the circumference to the centre, is the natural cause why all the dews and rains, which fall upon the island, are conveyed in small rivulets toward the middle, where they are emptied into four large basins, each of about half a mile in circuit, and two hundred yards distant from the centre. From these basins the water is continually exhaled by the sun in the daytime, which effectually prevents their overflowing. Besides, as it is in the power of the monarch to raise the island above the region of clouds and vapours, he can prevent the falling of dews and rain whenever he pleases. For the highest clouds cannot rise above two miles, as naturalists agree, at least they were never known to do so in that country.
At the centre of the island there is a chasm about fifty yards in diameter, whence the astronomers descend into a large dome, which is therefore called flandona gagnole, or the astronomer’s cave, situated at the depth of a hundred yards beneath the upper surface of the adamant. In this cave are twenty lamps continually burning, which, from the reflection of the adamant, cast a strong light into every part. The place is stored with great variety of sextants, quadrants, telescopes, astrolabes, and other astronomical instruments. But the greatest curiosity, upon which the fate of the island depends, is a loadstone of a prodigious size, in shape resembling a weaver’s shuttle. It is in length six yards, and in the thickest part at least three yards over. This magnet is sustained by a very strong axle of adamant passing through its middle, upon which it plays, and is poised so exactly that the weakest hand can turn it. It is hooped round with a hollow cylinder of adamant, four feet deep, as many thick, and twelve yards in diameter, placed horizontally, and supported by eight adamantine feet, each six yards high. In the middle of the concave side, there is a groove twelve inches deep, in which the extremities of the axle are lodged, and turned round as there is occasion.
The stone cannot be removed from its place by any force, because the hoop and its feet are one continued piece with that body of adamant which constitutes the bottom of the island.
https://preview.redd.it/16d4or7c1jzc1.jpg?width=170&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=f1105b00655b605a005f49338140f9358038c241
By means of this loadstone, the island is made to rise and fall, and move from one place to another. For, with respect to that part of the earth over which the monarch presides, the stone is endued at one of its sides with an attractive power, and at the other with a repulsive. Upon placing the magnet erect, with its attracting end towards the earth, the island descends; but when the repelling extremity points downwards, the island mounts directly upwards. When the position of the stone is oblique, the motion of the island is so too. For in this magnet, the forces always act in lines parallel to its direction.
By this oblique motion, the island is conveyed to different parts of the monarch’s dominions. To explain the manner of its progress, let A B represent a line drawn across the dominions of Balnibarbi, let the line c d represent the loadstone, of which let d be the repelling end, and c the attracting end, the island being over C; let the stone be placed in the position c d, with its repelling end downwards; then the island will be driven upwards obliquely towards D. When it is arrived at D, let the stone be turned upon its axle, till its attracting end points towards E, and then the island will be carried obliquely towards E; where, if the stone be again turned upon its axle till it stands in the position E F, with its repelling point downwards, the island will rise obliquely towards F, where, by directing the attracting end towards G, the island may be carried to G, and from G to H, by turning the stone, so as to make its repelling extremity to point directly downward. And thus, by changing the situation of the stone, as often as there is occasion, the island is made to rise and fall by turns in an oblique direction, and by those alternate risings and fallings (the obliquity being not considerable) is conveyed from one part of the dominions to the other.
But it must be observed, that this island cannot move beyond the extent of the dominions below, nor can it rise above the height of four miles. For which the astronomers (who have written large systems concerning the stone) assign the following reason: that the magnetic virtue does not extend beyond the distance of four miles, and that the mineral, which acts upon the stone in the bowels of the earth, and in the sea about six leagues distant from the shore, is not diffused through the whole globe, but terminated with the limits of the king’s dominions; and it was easy, from the great advantage of such a superior situation, for a prince to bring under his obedience whatever country lay within the attraction of that magnet.
When the stone is put parallel to the plane of the horizon, the island stands still; for in that case the extremities of it, being at equal distance from the earth, act with equal force, the one in drawing downwards, the other in pushing upwards, and consequently no motion can ensue.
This loadstone is under the care of certain astronomers, who, from time to time, give it such positions as the monarch directs. They spend the greatest part of their lives in observing the celestial bodies, which they do by the assistance of glasses, far excelling ours in goodness. For, although their largest telescopes do not exceed three feet, they magnify much more than those of a hundred with us, and show the stars with greater clearness. This advantage has enabled them to extend their discoveries much further than our astronomers in Europe; for they have made a catalogue of ten thousand fixed stars, whereas the largest of ours do not contain above one third part of that number. They have likewise discovered two lesser stars, or satellites, which revolve about Mars; whereof the innermost is distant from the centre of the primary planet exactly three of his diameters, and the outermost, five; the former revolves in the space of ten hours, and the latter in twenty-one and a half; so that the squares of their periodical times are very near in the same proportion with the cubes of their distance from the centre of Mars; which evidently shows them to be governed by the same law of gravitation that influences the other heavenly bodies.
They have observed ninety-three different comets, and settled their periods with great exactness. If this be true (and they affirm it with great confidence) it is much to be wished, that their observations were made public, whereby the theory of comets, which at present is very lame and defective, might be brought to the same perfection with other arts of astronomy.
The king would be the most absolute prince in the universe, if he could but prevail on a ministry to join with him; but these having their estates below on the continent, and considering that the office of a favourite has a very uncertain tenure, would never consent to the enslaving of their country.
If any town should engage in rebellion or mutiny, fall into violent factions, or refuse to pay the usual tribute, the king has two methods of reducing them to obedience. The first and the mildest course is, by keeping the island hovering over such a town, and the lands about it, whereby he can deprive them of the benefit of the sun and the rain, and consequently afflict the inhabitants with dearth and diseases. And if the crime deserve it, they are at the same time pelted from above with great stones, against which they have no defence but by creeping into cellars or caves, while the roofs of their houses are beaten to pieces. But if they still continue obstinate, or offer to raise insurrections, he proceeds to the last remedy, by letting the island drop directly upon their heads, which makes a universal destruction both of houses and men. However, this is an extremity to which the prince is seldom driven, neither indeed is he willing to put it in execution; nor dare his ministers advise him to an action, which, as it would render them odious to the people, so it would be a great damage to their own estates, which all lie below; for the island is the king’s demesne.
But there is still indeed a more weighty reason, why the kings of this country have been always averse from executing so terrible an action, unless upon the utmost necessity. For, if the town intended to be destroyed should have in it any tall rocks, as it generally falls out in the larger cities, a situation probably chosen at first with a view to prevent such a catastrophe; or if it abound in high spires, or pillars of stone, a sudden fall might endanger the bottom or under surface of the island, which, although it consist, as I have said, of one entire adamant, two hundred yards thick, might happen to crack by too great a shock, or burst by approaching too near the fires from the houses below, as the backs, both of iron and stone, will often do in our chimneys. Of all this the people are well apprised, and understand how far to carry their obstinacy, where their liberty or property is concerned. And the king, when he is highest provoked, and most determined to press a city to rubbish, orders the island to descend with great gentleness, out of a pretence of tenderness to his people, but, indeed, for fear of breaking the adamantine bottom; in which case, it is the opinion of all their philosophers, that the loadstone could no longer hold it up, and the whole mass would fall to the ground.
About three years before my arrival among them, while the king was in his progress over his dominions, there happened an extraordinary accident which had like to have put a period to the fate of that monarchy, at least as it is now instituted. Lindalino, the second city in the kingdom, was the first his majesty visited in his progress. Three days after his departure the inhabitants, who had often complained of great oppressions, shut the town gates, seized on the governor, and with incredible speed and labour erected four large towers, one at every corner of the city (which is an exact square), equal in height to a strong pointed rock that stands directly in the centre of the city. Upon the top of each tower, as well as upon the rock, they fixed a great loadstone, and in case their design should fail, they had provided a vast quantity of the most combustible fuel, hoping to burst therewith the adamantine bottom of the island, if the loadstone project should miscarry.
It was eight months before the king had perfect notice that the Lindalinians were in rebellion. He then commanded that the island should be wafted over the city. The people were unanimous, and had laid in store of provisions, and a great river runs through the middle of the town. The king hovered over them several days to deprive them of the sun and the rain. He ordered many packthreads to be let down, yet not a person offered to send up a petition, but instead thereof very bold demands, the redress of all their grievances, great immunities, the choice of their own governor, and other the like exorbitances. Upon which his majesty commanded all the inhabitants of the island to cast great stones from the lower gallery into the town; but the citizens had provided against this mischief by conveying their persons and effects into the four towers, and other strong buildings, and vaults underground.
The king being now determined to reduce this proud people, ordered that the island should descend gently within forty yards of the top of the towers and rock. This was accordingly done; but the officers employed in that work found the descent much speedier than usual, and by turning the loadstone could not without great difficulty keep it in a firm position, but found the island inclining to fall. They sent the king immediate intelligence of this astonishing event, and begged his majesty’s permission to raise the island higher; the king consented, a general council was called, and the officers of the loadstone ordered to attend. One of the oldest and expertest among them obtained leave to try an experiment, he took a strong line of an hundred yards, and the island being raised over the town above the attracting power they had felt, he fastened a piece of adamant to the end of his line, which had in it a mixture of iron mineral, of the same nature with that whereof the bottom or lower surface of the island is composed, and from the lower gallery let it down slowly towards the top of the towers. The adamant was not descended four yards, before the officer felt it drawn so strongly downwards that he could hardly pull it back, he then threw down several small pieces of adamant, and observed that they were all violently attracted by the top of the tower. The same experiment was made on the other three towers, and on the rock with the same effect.
This incident broke entirely the king’s measures, and (to dwell no longer on other circumstances) he was forced to give the town their own conditions.
I was assured by a great minister that if the island had descended so near the town as not to be able to raise itself, the citizens were determined to fix it for ever, to kill the king and all his servants, and entirely change the government.
By a fundamental law of this realm, neither the king, nor either of his two eldest sons, are permitted to leave the island; nor the queen, till she is past child-bearing."
Stop Here
There are a couple of things to note from Gulliver's account of Laputa:
  • The Adamant (which is blue)
  • The lodestone that controls Laputa's movement
  • The Astronomer's cave (dome) which houses the lodestone and the eight pedestals that hold it up in the cylinder in which it sits.
  • The towers that house lodetones of their own to bring down Laputa
You can already see where I am going with the Divine towers. Housed in each tower at the top are multiple meteors and meteors house gravitational power. Additionally, lodestone is a real stone that is magnetized. And this is what the rock looks like:
https://preview.redd.it/v7saibo81jzc1.jpg?width=1400&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=c29f73ba72afb8fbc22a3c13057d80c281f0c156
Now compare that to a picture of picture of the rocks that make up the very foundations of FA:
https://preview.redd.it/xu36fzkb2jzc1.jpg?width=4032&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=a9375b6a6043d7d2874bdea55e5d5e01bb2d6e1f
Ok, so the towers have gravitational power and FA is made of lodestone/is magnetized, how does that relate? Well lets look at the symbol for gravitational magic/power in Elden Ring:
https://preview.redd.it/bprvtm0h2jzc1.png?width=512&format=png&auto=webp&s=3a8925dcc82e02fc23b4d5f6307513c4db45c1d3
This symbol actually represents how Earth's magnetic poles work in real life. Gravity is literally responsible for Earth's magnetic poles and the effects they have on our planet:
https://preview.redd.it/h33knhii2jzc1.png?width=260&format=png&auto=webp&s=62f14c03a97587e937af0d52443fa3715835fa40
All that to say, FA does not have a lodestone to direct it's movements like Laputa does, it IS a lodestone.
Side note: Since electromagnetism is essentially why lightning exists (a negative charge being attracted to a positive one) I am playing with the idea that dragons can control lightning themselves because the are living lodestones. Additionally, we know that gravity affects time dilation in the real world. It's possible that the dragon's bodies allows them to lightly twist time as well as control lightning. If you examine the bodies, the bodies of the dead ones in the walls of FA and even the damaged body of Placidusax, you'll notice the same rock and mineral vein patterns on them all, that again, look like lodestones from real life:
https://preview.redd.it/jrjvl97l3jzc1.png?width=1920&format=png&auto=webp&s=a8b6f09020225179634d705873b3305d28190349
https://preview.redd.it/08fum3zq3jzc1.png?width=640&format=png&auto=webp&s=f62ab190f409c2cc6131715c887b3811158eb251
https://preview.redd.it/0hrittet3jzc1.png?width=1800&format=png&auto=webp&s=d2e4562db933f43b2e75a6941b8e1d926e3291c9
This would be similar to how the onyx and alabasters lords are living stones and who also have mineral veins on their bodies:
https://preview.redd.it/1w29jo224jzc1.png?width=1920&format=png&auto=webp&s=b21fe99cafdb471aa04e127da153ec23777d7fde
https://preview.redd.it/aldl83x44jzc1.png?width=461&format=png&auto=webp&s=a826973001b20327fd9912814e1f3eeb3f07e02f
The difference being that one harnesses more of the gravitational aspect and the other lightning or electromagnetism. But I've only just thought of all of this so back to the main subject.
FA may have come from the surface of the lands between, but that was "time immemorial". So long ago that the lands likely look nothing like they used to, with only the DT and FA (and a few other ruins) left to indicate the world as they knew it.
So the question is, if the towers were meant to pull FA down in hopes of destroying or crippling it, was it a wasted effort? Well, maybe not. The two unique features to the isolated DT is that you can actually FA from the top of the tower and the tower itself is damaged on top. No other tower has these details. I don't think that is a coincidence.
Despite the Bestial Sanctum being a few hundred yards away at most and sharing the same architecture, FA is still not visible from that location.
Tarnished Archeologist, in his video where he discusses the making of the towers, points out (and I agree) that what may rest underneath the two fingers atop each tower (or Ranni's body), or at least once did, was a central meteor. This would fit with what we see around the rest of the tower. He also posits that it was the giants who built these towers (as the eye of the fell god matches the 8 points, which are meteors, around the center point, which would be another meteor).
I speculate that after being damaged, FA was in retreat and proceeded east passing over the Isolated Divine Tower and struck it due to the gravitational force that pulled it down and reducing it to what it is now by essentially shredding what survived. I also speculate that this contact with the DT allows us to see FA from the tower itself when it's not visible from anywhere else.
3. Additional Thoughts/Speculations
These speculations don't quite address a few other questions that aren't necessarily related, like why the storm? I have also considered that this storm may have been an attack by the Storm King to attack or confine Placidusax in an act of Rebellion.
In Gulliver's Travels the town that built the towers are essentially rebelling against Laputa. This act of defiance and rebellion would line up with the Storm King description:
"Ashes of a hawk revered by all others as sovereign back in the days when Stormveil's winds still raged like no other.
This ancient monarch is proud however, refusing to answer anyone's summons."
In addition to this, we find storm hawks in FA. We also find banished knights in FA and the other place we find both together is Stormveil Castle. It would almost seem like both were part of a rebellious war against the inhabitants of FA.
I also think its possible the original inhabitants of FA were the humans we see depicted in the architecture and that the dragons took over. Thus the act of rebellion was a means to fight against the dragons tyrannical rule. After all we know the dragons are not against going to war against the human races of the Lands Between.
We know the final resting place of the Great Alexander is FA after we defeat him. Alexandria Egypt is the resting place of Alexander the Great from history. The Pharos of Alexndria is also in this location. Pharos = Farum. Further, Egypt was the only ancient civilization to use heavily use the color blue. The ancient Egyptians held the color blue in very high regard and were eager to present it on many media and in a variety of forms. They also desired to imitate the semiprecious stones turquoise and lapis lazuli which were valued for their rarity and stark blue color. Apart from Egypt, ancient civilizations had no word for the color blue. It was the last color to appear in many languages, including Greek, Chinese, Japanese, and Hebrew.
It would seem that in addition to being inspired by Miyazaki and Swift's Laputa, FA was also the Land's Between version of ancient Egypt.
Another interesting feature in FA is the boss area where you fight Maliketh. In the boss around, which sits in the massive dome, there are 8 pillars. These are the pillars that Maliketh will jump off of when he attacks you in phase 2. The pillars are in two rows of 4. Now look at the throne room in Laputa from Castle in the Sky:
https://preview.redd.it/4lduboubcjzc1.jpg?width=3579&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=834ef1d1c9d40d17a43efb7a44d5d1e58c5ec411
There are 8 circles on the floor as if 8 cylindrical objects were positioned there. This throne room in Laputa sits above the core of the castle/city where the lodestone controls the movement.
submitted by Doubtfulaboutit to EldenRingLoreTalk [link] [comments]


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