I will say that the general consensus is that Saitama is Galaxy level however I still see people down playing him, often using excuses to say that serious punch^2 (SPS) is not able to destroy a galaxy, which I calculated in this post: https://www.reddit.com/PowerScaling/s/ITQuFARcOa
Moving onto the excuses that I have seen:

1. “The punch simply reflected all of the light from the stars.”
   
2. “The punch created a black hole that absorbed all the light.”
   
3. “SPS is unreliable due to it being modified by Blast.”
   

These 3 claims are unfounded and go directly against what we see in the manga. Blast states that what he is doing (with the assistance of his buddies) is “deflecting the destructive energy away from Earth.” Blast is in no way modifying the energy emitted by the attack and is simply changing it from being released in a radius around Saitama and Garou to being directed in a straight line into outer space. The overall AP of the energy remains the same. For 1 and 2, both rely on SPS somehow creating matter, because a black hole obviously has mass and light only reflects off matter.
However, if you do want to assume either 1 or 2 is correct, here are calculations for them, assuming the attack can indeed create matter:
1. To begin this calculation, we will assume the matter is hydrogen as not only it is by far the most common element in the universe, but it would also be the easiest atom to make. From the previous calculation we know that the volume of the destroyed area is 4.289x10^12 lightyears^3 = 3.726x10^65 meters^3. To determine the matter required to do this we will calculate the Optical Depth (τ) required for opaqueness, which to block all light is τ = 1. The optical depth τ is related to the density ρ, the cross-sectional area of the particles σ, and the length of the path through the medium L by the formula: τ = ρσL. For complete opacity, τ = 1, we can rearrange this formula to find the required density: ρ = τ​/σL. The cross-sectional area of a hydrogen atom is 3x10^-21 m^2. L = 16,000 lightyears = 1.514x10^20 m. Plugging this into our formula gives us ρ = 1/((3x10^-21) x (1.514x10^20)) = 6.6x10^-3 kg/m^3. We then can calculate the mass by multiplying the volume of the cone by the hydrogen density which is V_cone X ρ = (6.6x10^-3) x (3.726x10^65) = 2.46x10^63 kg. Using E = MC^2 we can then calculate the energy required to create this amount of mass: (2.46x10^63) x (3x10^8)^2 which is 2.214x10^80 J, which is right in the center of multi-galaxy.
2. To begin this calculation, we start with the Schwarzschild Radius formula of the event horizon of a non-rotating black hole: R = 2GM/c^2. We will assume that the behavior going on here is that the Black Hole is being created and is getting launched out to the end of the cone of destruction calculated in my previous calc. This means that the black hole would need a radius as large as the base of the cone of destruction, 16,000 lightyears = 1.514x10^20 m. Rearranging our formula to solve for M gives us M = (Rc^2)/2G. Solving this gives us a black hole with a mass of 1.021x10^41 kg. Plugging this into E = MC^2 gives us 9.189 x 10^57 J. However, we’re not done, we need to calculate the energy required to launch the black hole 16,000 lightyears into space. For the speed of the black hole I will be using this highball speed calc: https://vsbattles.fandom.com/wiki/User_blog:Kachon123/One-Punch_Man:_Saitama_and_Garou_Jump_Around_Io#Scan_1. This puts the highball for Saitama’s speed at 18497547800c, and considering when Saitama landed on IO he didn’t know where they were and what happened, it’s likely that he was moving faster than this when he was launched to IO. As such, this speed makes sense. Doing (Mv^2)/2 to calculate kinetic energy gets 1.572x10^78 J. The energy needed to create the black hole is negligible in scale compared to this, so no need for anything else. This means this excuse would also be multi-galaxy.
In conclusion, if you want to deny what is shown right in front of your face, aka an energy attack that could destroy a galaxy, the lowest you can scale SPS with these excuses is multi-galaxy.

this is the code below #include  int main(){ int diameter, height; float volume; printf("input diameter and height of cone, respectively.\n"); scanf("%d %d", &diameter, &height); volume = (1/3)*3.14*((diamete2)*(diamete2))*height; printf("%d", &volume); return(0); } ___________________________________________________________________ this is the output input diameter and height of cone, respectively. 14 67 6291092 why is this happening someone please help! 

Let's discuss the paper. I remember some of the questions. Feel free to add any questions I missed and comment your answers.
Question 1:
Muscles with application to ACL
Question 2:
Brain structure and compare and contrast of PET and CT and the usage of SSRIs
Question 3:
Seedlings growth with gibberlins and IAA and no treatment
Question 4:
Rod and cone cells in two different species of monkey and nervous system such as tetratoxins
Question 5:
Muscles: role of troponin in the sarcomere contraction, comparison of lactate production and heart rate against stroke volume of athletes and non athletes
Question 6:
Respiration: lactate to pyruvate, how the cytochrome oxidase is inhibited by cyanide on ETC and how this leads to death of coyote
Question 7:
Kidneys: how the structure benefits (?). do not remember the rest
Question 8:
gene tech
determination of the same gene, why they double in size, why the population of BtPMaT1 gene increase in population, pros and cons of using GMO (transgenic zebrafish) in human health, how the zebrafish containing a dsRed gene can be produced from other zebrafish, do not remember the rest

Would volume of a cone/pyramid etc come up on a foundation paper or is it just prisms amd cuboids and the easy stuff

I am not an expert but read for a second:
I found a Budgie that came to my house, we have had him for some time now, like 3 or so weeks, he was very tame, he chills with humans really nice, talks and says some words, he is very well behaved BUT:
Red flags started appearing:

• Anytime he found an object that was almost like his size and had some volume to it he would "talk" to it, peck it, bob his head as if he was talking to some other Budgie and honestly felt more like an aggression than talking or he was being very rude.
• Any time any surface that had reflection he would do the exact same to the reflection
• We bought one of those metal bowls to put water in it and he was doing the same
• We bought one of those cones that have seed on them for him to eat
• He became super territorial over his food, his cage and the cone, he would bite really hard, it's like I have a mini Quaker
• We bought another budgie, a female from a pet store that I am tamming and I thought the tamming was going to be easier with the other Budgie that already is tame and it was at the beginning but REAL QUICK it was the opposite, he doesn't want to let the female budgie to eat, he pecks her constantly, whenever she gets up in my hand to eat he goes around and pecks her in the back to scare her so he can eat himself, he is constantly following her and "harassing" her she clearly doesn't want to be around him because she moves away but he keeps following and he pecks her, bobs his head and starts talking and I honestly find it very disturbing to see, it doesn't feel like a friendly interaction but like actual harassement and like he is being a bully, he wants to force feed her etc. They don't sleep together of course LMAO, but the thing is whenever I separate him the female budgie becomes really distressed and starts looking for him and she can not be interacted with when she is like that, I have to take it to a completely different room to train her and she will be constantly try to listen to the male budgie sounds to try to see if she can communicate with him, I honestly feel like I would have had an easier time tamming the female budgie alone, this guy is unbelivable.

And my conclusion is that this guy was a single Budgie pet with a cage full of mirror toys or something like that, he clearly doesn't know how to interact with his fellow budgies and he is hyper aggressive whenever you try to remove his "imaginary friends", yeah I think I have a Budgie with a mental disorder LMAO.
Don't give your birds mirrors, it damages their psyche.

Rcc's hitting these markets especially cone as its fairly well established could be the difference when it comes to alt season. More exchanges brings volume and new holders! Cone for thought 🚀

Hello, here is the latest changelog.
Content: * Add Alcoholic Snow Cones by TheMurderUnicorn * Add murky water, make regular water safer by nornagon * More tie-able fridges/freezers by Holli-Git * Ruger MK IV by Holli-Git * Vitamin Cost per mutation by Maleclypse * Regen serum by GuardianDll
Features: * Add turpentine, camphine as flammable liquids for crafting by natsirt721 * Corpses can decay into bones etc (defined as a harvest group) by RenechCDDA * Introduce half face gas masks by aapocalypseAArisen * Hold your arrow by osuphobia * Unholy Debug Angel Cake added to the game. 10k calories for easy calories gain and for basecamp companions by SomeGuyIGues * Automatic turrets will not fire guns if they are going to overheat by linewriter1024
Balance: * Adjust Copper Wire Deconstructions by TheMurderUnicorn * Switched Reload Speeds for Plasma Rifle and PPA by halosammy * Lower the warmth values of some undergarments and thin clothes. by Aerin-of-the-Toast
Interface: * Warn on setting an auto feature when auto features are off by Brambor
Mods: * Removes the habitat block palette introduced in my last PR and expands the palettes in habitat structure. by QuillInkwell * Fixed jmath in magiclysm to prevent reverse-scaling due to proficiency increases by Infoturgist * [MoM] Reduce maximum length of Nether Conduit attunement effect by Standing-Storm * [MoM] Extended channeling lowers Nether Attunement event odds by Standing-Storm * Aftershock: Update bug brewing nutrients to be equivalent to red meat. by John-Candlebury * [Magiclysm] Add more enchants to effect scaling by Standing-Storm * Summon Mojocycle gets better at lvl 10 by OromisElf * Aftershock: Add urban farms as town buildings by John-Candlebury * [MoM] Torrential channeling research no longer has required proficiencies by Standing-Storm
Performance: * cache available recipe list in craft menu by mischief
Bugfixes: * Fixed proper nouns in lore doc by halosammy * slow-sand water filter weighed half of what it should by nornagon * Fix M27 melee damage by ProjectMithril * [MoM] Fix Earthshaker ter_transform by Standing-Storm * Stop showing suffix of vehicle in overextended link by Bobtron * Monster difficulty (and exp for killing them) cannot be lower than 1 by RenechCDDA * Allow using hotkeys to select spells in other categories by b3brodie * Reduce Mini 14/Judge Spawns by Holli-Git * Removes unnecessary use of 'surface_heat' from recipes with 'plastic_molding' by TealcOneill * Hordes won't wander without a reason by RenechCDDA * Removes Railgun Fouling by halosammy * Readjust descriptions for fridges/freezers by Holli-Git * Fix cata-static-string_id-constants in char_volume_test by osuphobia * Fix Foam Guns and Hazardous foam not spawning on shelves in Aftershock Urban Farms. by QuillInkwell * Fix an assertion failure by osuphobia * fix sort armor ui list indexing by mischief * Added a weapon category to the G80 by halosammy * Fix Various Typos/Mistakes in Flier Snippets by TheMurderUnicorn * Fix inconsistencies in corn and popcorn by osuphobia * Remove 9mm from .22 spawns by Holli-Git * [Magiclysm] Reduce preserved food in druid tower by Standing-Storm
Build: * stlemulation span::count is not const anymore by mischief
None: * Corrected exodii base roof shape to match courtyard by PatrikLundell * rename acetylene -> oxyacetylene to avoid name collision by Brambor * Correct the duct tape requirements in aquarium recipes by Karol1223 * Break recursive death spiral by PatrikLundell * godco got roofs by PatrikLundell * Fixed tools/json_tools/table.py and this get clean csv file for tools/gfx_tools/tileset_coverage.py by mdtrooper * use local coordinates instead of global in avatar::rebuild_aim_cache() by PatrikLundell * provided scrap yard with roofs by PatrikLundell * weather_glass description etc. by Brambor * Remove the ability to force feed NPCs petfood by Karol1223 * Cut down on gun_variant_validator blacklist by anothersimulacrum * catch incorrect component strings by nornagon * Weekly Changelog 2024-05-20 to 2024-05-27 by kevingranade * Characters have actual volume, sane-ify sane-ified vehicle size checks. Enforce with unit tests by RenechCDDA * Load sound-triggered traps with more safety by RenechCDDA * Cooldown fix and minor changes by Ramza13 * Remove extern trap ids by Procyonae * Prevent gun variant script identifiers from being cut off by anothersimulacrum * A little bit of everything - Minor JSON fixes from the voices on discord by Karol1223 * Added chimney/vent pipe to shelter by PatrikLundell * Added chimney/vent pipe above fireplace/wood stove on base shelter 1 by PatrikLundell * Allow appliances to looks_like furniture by Procyonae * small tipo fix by casswedson * Routine i18n updates on 01 June 2024 by kevingranade * Added chimney/vent pipe to shelter 2 base camp fireplace/wood stove by PatrikLundell * Routine tileset updates on 01 June 2024 by kevingranade * hound of tindalos looks like hound of tindalos by casswedson

TOOL is very loud live, I thought I could share this tip about earplugs that I found really helpful over experience
So I have a pair Alpine MusicSafe Pro plugs that are designed for concerts, they come with 3 different filters that have slightly different 'sound signature' and basically it's 3 levels of volume/decibels reducing (I use the middle filter for reference)
Saw them in Paris the other day, my seat was center-left on the 3rd row of the lower stands, raw sound with pretty loud (I'd say 110dB-ish) and mix was pretty good all things considered besides the fact that MJK was a bit too loud sometimes and higher frequency from his voice resulted in some distortion, same goes for Danny Carey's cymbals. It sounds like the highs gets slightly shrieked and this can be annoying as the show goes on
So after taking the first minutes of Jambi in the face without ear protection, to get a feel of the raw sound, I quickly decided to put my earplugs. If you already use plugs, you probably know putting them all the way in the ears during a song is super underwhelming, because it feels like you lose all the punch from the sound, high end is muffled, lower end a bit too prominent.
The trick is you don't have to put them all the way in, most earplugs sillicone tips have 2 to 3 cones, you need to find the sweet spot when putting them in so that you reduce the dB of the right frequencies to your taste
Of course it won't ever be perfect, but it makes the mix so much more enjoyable when you find the good balance
(Also noteworthy that some venues are simply shit for sound and no engineer can salvage those)
TL;DR : You can put earplugs half-way in your ears, the sound reduction won't be as drastic as putting them all the way obviously, you can kinda adjust the level of high-end / low-end you want to some extent.
Don't get tinnitus guys, that shit sounds nasty as fuck.
(Thankfully I don't have that condition and intend to avoid it as much as possible, I love music too much)

Atlas Walked

This engineering proposal has been submitted to Polaris, Steward of Technology, and Julian Bennett, Swordmaster. All information herein is considered CLASSIFIED - TOP SECRET - COMPARTMENTALIZED

Approved and Endorsed:

Polaris
Steward of Technology
Julian Bennett
Swordmaster

TZ-300 CERBERUS-1 Heavy Assault Titan

Category	Specification
Name:	TZ-300 CERBERUS-1
Role:	Heavy Assault Titan
Manufacturer:	Atlas Defense Works
Height:	72 ft
Depth:	53.8 ft
Width:	50.2 ft
Weight:	780 metric tons
Foot Diameter at Ground:	Stabilizers Retracted: 26 ft, Stabilizers Extended: 31.1 ft.
Powerplant:	10R306 185 MW Miniature Fusion Reactor, (3) High-Energy Capacitors for FEL Laser Defense and EMRG charging.
Locomotion:	(2) 5M314 1000 HP, 1.25M lb-ft High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) actuatoservomechanisms (A/SEM) (wrists and fingers/weapon mount), (4) 5M315 4000 HP, 4.25M lb-ft HTS A/SEMs (elbows, ankles), (5) 5M316 10000 HP, 12M lb-ft HTS A/SEMs (shoulder arm joints, knees, torso waist mount), (2) 5M317 22000 HP, 35.5M lb-ft HTS A/SEMs (hip joints).
Servo Transmission Specifications:	(14) 5M309 Hybrid electromagnetic-mechanical variable size 3-axis transmissions.
Stabilization:	5M325 Advanced CNT Gyroscopic Stabilizers, 5M322 Dynamic Balance Control System (DBCS), 5M328 Advanced Hydraulic Shock Stabilizers
Cooling:	Microchannel Heat Exchangers utilizing Phase-Change Materials and High-Performance Liquid Cooling Loops, Cryogenic Helium-based Cooling Systems, Thermoelectric Coolers (TECs), Graphene-Based Heat Exchangers, Active Thermal Management System (ATMS)
Maximum Speed:	26 mph, full stride. 15 mph, eco stride.
Operational Range:	Unlimited.
Crew & Passengers:	(1) Commander, (1) Master Gunner, (1) Auxiliary Gunner, (1) Sensors and Intelligence Officer, (1) Master Engineer, (1) Auxiliary Engineer
Sensors & Processing:	(1) 2W298 ARCHBISHOP-2 Multispectral PESA/EO/DAS, (1) 2W330 HELIOS-1 Omnispectral Sensor System, (1) 2V166 WHISPER-1 ISN Datalink
Countermeasures:	(6) 6K264 CERBERUS-1 Rapid Action Smoke Generators, (3) 2W319 1 MW HPM Emitters.
Armor:	6T313 ICEHELM-1 Composite Armor (see below)
Main Armament:	(1) 4N326 10-inch/30-caliber Electromagnetic Railgun, (1) 6G304 5 inch, triple barrel ETC cannon (see below), (4) 30-tube 6-inch rocket pods,
Secondary Armament:	(4) AURORA-1 20 MW FEL Laser Emitters (2 shoulder, 1 front, 1 rear), (4) 6G213 1.5 inch ETC self-defense autocannons
LRIP:	2083
R&D Cost:	$50B
Cost Per Unit:	$650M

DESIGN:

STRUCTURE: The structure of the TZ-300 CERBERUS-1, due to the major forces it will be subjected to, is based primarily around a mixture of Titanium Aluminides, Nickel-Based Superalloys similar to Iconel, and Graphene-Reinforced Metals. More high-stress areas are composed of the latter two. With tension ratings in excess of 180,000 psi, these metals are capable of resisting all major loads envisioned by Borealis designers.
The TZ-300 is a bipedal titan with relatively short legs, longer arms, and a bulky torso. It contains a head with ruddy yellow glowing eyes. The head is mostly for aesthetic and intimidation purposes, but does house a significant amount of sensors and is heavily armored.
ARMOR: Building on Canada’s well known skill in developing advanced armor alloys, the new 6T313 ICEHELM-1 Composite Armor introduces a new generation in lightweight, ultra-strong armor. This is a three-layer armor plate. The outer layer consists of a Ti-WC-BN composite nano-crystal structure with the Titanium used for strength, tungsten carbide for hardness, and boron nitride for thermal stability, this is backed by a final high-entropy alloy layer of AlCoCrFeNi with a tensile strength of 261,000 psi. A second layer is used to absorb strikes and consists of graphene-reinforced hyper-steel (80% steel, 20% graphene by volume), and a visoelastic energy-absorbing polymer (VEP) with embedded carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for additional strength. These are placed in alternating layers. The final inner layer consists of a nano-reinforced kevlar embedded aluminum alloy matrix with additional embedding of nanoceramic particles. The armor ranges from 3 to 9 inches thick and has a maximum RHAe level of 6,250mm or ~ 20.5 ft of RHA steel. The armor protects critical areas such as joints, the fusion reactor, and thinner areas of the limbs as well as the rest of the body.
POWER: The CERBERUS is powered by a 10R329 185 MW Miniature Fusion Reactor developed as a spinoff of the Canadian Next Generation Power Initiative of 2069 It is a larger variant of the 10R310 MICFR, which was in turn based on the 10R234 Mobile Fusion Reactor (MFR) of 2057. The reactor is merely a technology-induced miniaturization of the 10R234, still utilizing its protium / boron-11 (p-11B) fuel, but far more efficiently. There are also (3) high-capacity capacitors to store energy for the aerial defense lasers and EMRG main weapon.
LOCOMOTION: Using the feasibility study appended to the end of this design paper, engineers have designed several superconducting electric motors and hybrid mechanical/electromagnetic transmissions to produce and transmit power through servos and actuators to the various limbs and appendages. Superconducting motors have been in use since the early 2000’s including an example that produced 49,000 hp and 2.9m Newton/m of torque (2.3m lb-ft) in 2004. The technology has developed significantly in the intervening 70 years, and Borealis engineers have created a set of specialized extremely high output variants to power the CERBERUS. Due to the staggering torque requirement figures of 35.5 million lb-ft, the transmissions and motors need to be engineered to produce and handle a great deal of power reliably and efficiently. The 5M309 Hybrid electromagnetic-mechanical variable size 3-axis transmissions, and the 5M314-317 High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) actuatoservomechanisms (A/SEM)s utilize both mechanical and electromagnetic power delivery. The highest torque output requirements which are sent through the hip joints, produce forces of around 175,000 psi, the chosen alloy for all gearing and housing components is a NbMoTaW Alloy consisting of Niobium, Molybdenum, Tantalum, Tungsten. This alloy has a tensile strength of around 290,000 psi, and has excellent high-temperature strength, hardness, creep resistance, and thermal stability. These mechanical gears are further augmented by electromagnetic actuators which minutely control power application and gear meshing to improve power delivery refinement and prevent any slippage of gears, which reduces their life. A small amount of nanolubricant with self-healing properties to repair microscopic gear damage is also provided for additional heat transfer capacity.
STABILIZATION: The TZ-300 uses multiple methods to achieve precise stabilization control across multiple inclinations and terrain types. These include the: 5M325 Advanced CNT Gyroscopic Stabilizers, 5M322 Dynamic Balance Control System (DBCS), 5M328 Advanced Hydraulic Shock Stabilizers. The 5M322 is the controller for the 5M325 and 5M328 and uses a series of hundreds of nano-accelerometers and inertial sensors to provide a constant millisecond-scale model of the exact disposition of all portions of the Titan and uses predictive modeling along with short and medium range LIDAR sensors to observe the surrounding terrain and predict potential unwanted movements or areas of potential loss of stability and notify the commander via his neuralink connection of these potentialities. The 5M325 CNT Gyroscopic Stabilizers are CNT reinforced hyperalloy stabilizers consisting of flywheels and counterweights to assist with minute and rapid balance and stability adjustments, while Advanced Hydraulic Shock Stabilizers absorb the shock of stepfalls, movements, short falls, and impacts.
COOLING: The cooling system is of critical importance due to the many systems that generate heat. The CERBERUS uses a globally managed heat monitoring and mitigation system which begins with the Active Thermal Management System (ATMS). This system automatically routes the myriad data obtained through thousands of nano-scale sensors through the onboard quantum supercomputer to provide a continuous heat management image of the Titan. All systems are threaded with millions of microchannel heat exchangers which use modern phase-change materials and high-performance liquid cooling loops to pull heat from various systems and shunt it to cryogenic helium-based internal heat exchangers, as well as exterior graphene-based heat exchangers. Finally, specific components such as actuators and servos contain local Thermoelectric Coolers (TECs) to provide additional cooling capacity when required.

ARMAMENT:

The CERBERUS is primarily a weapon of war and as such it possesses a robust armament. Its primary weapon is a 14N326 10-inch/30-caliber Electromagnetic Railgun which launches a 1,161 kg slug with a muzzle velocity of 5,000 m/s located on the right arm in lieu of a hand. The slug is composed of a tungsten carbide core, surrounded by a graphene-reinforced CNT sheath with an amorphous Vitreloy zirconium-based metal jacket. Expected kinetic energy using a full energy discharge of the fusion reactor and all three capacitors will result in ~ 5 gigajoules of energy. However, a typical firing will achieve kinetic energy values of 500-800 megajoules of energy. For comparison, the 10-inch/50 caliber Mark 7 naval gun from US battleships fired a 227 kg round at 823 m/s with a kinetic energy of 76.75 megajoules. An additional round that is designed to break up in a tight cone after firing is used for area-of-effect and suppressing fire. The CERBERUS EMRG is capable of firing three rounds per minute sustained, and can rapid-fire three rounds in 10 seconds with a 45 second recharge and rearm period.
Shells are stored in the bulky rear of the torso in two magazines and are dispensed via a retractable graphene-reinforced titanium belt conveyor to the arm-based ammunition loaders. The arm can carry three rounds in the upper arm, and six rounds in the lower arm, with three of those six located beneath the gun itself similar to an over-under shotgun. The arm will have to be reloaded every so often after all shells have been expended.
The left arm consists of a fist complete with movable fingers, atop of which a 6G304 5-inch Triple-Barrel rotary ETC cannon is affixed. This weapon is capable of firing one round every two seconds and works by loading a round into one barrel as another is being primed, and the third is firing. After firing, the barrels rotate and the process repeats.
(4) 6R232 SLINGSHOT-1 EM-Assisted Armored RA Pods which are 30-tube 6-inch rocket pods used on the GU-40 CARIBOU-1 L-RAV, and GU-59 H-RAV developed in 2058, are mounted on the rear shoulders of the Titan and have armored shutters to protect the rockets during battle when not in use. They are capable of firing the entire arsenal of 6-inch Rockets used by Borealis.
Secondary armaments consist first of (4) AURORA-1 20 MW FEL Laser Emitters (2 shoulder, 1 front, 1 rear) which are small, angular domes consisting of transparent aluminum oxynitride (AION) inside of which are synthetic three movable synthetic diamond prisms which direct a tunable (200 nm to 10 micrometer) wavelength laser onto selected targets. The laser can either be fired as a concentrated or pulsed beam through a single prism for maximum power, or dispersed through the other two prisms to engage multiple targets from one emitter. This enables the CERBERUS to engage up to twelve targets at once using four laser emitter points. The prisms are mounted on reinforced, vibration-isolation mounts, and contain their own closed loop cryogenic cooling circuits. Max output is 20 MW, however, in practice actual output is much lower depending on the target engaged. The choice of an advanced FEL laser allows a modulated wavelength to be selected in order to mitigate the effects of battlefield smoke, weather, and other atmospheric effects. Expected range at max firing power is 15-20 km in clear conditions, and 7-10 km in foul weather or thick battlefield smoke. The lasers are primarily intended to engage depleted uranium penetrators, drones and loitering munitions, ATGMs, and artillery shells within milliseconds of beam exposure.
Additional self defense weapons consist of 6G213 1.5 inch ETC self-defense autocannons which provide a 360-degree arc of fire around the Titan to engage infantry, androids, and other armored vehicles or aircraft. Heat from the reactor and systems can be vented downwards around the Titan to scald and boil unprotected infantry within a 100-200 ft radius around the CERBERUS as an unintended but usable defensive tactic.

SENSORS:

The 2W298 ARCHBISHOP-2 Multispectral PESA/EO/DAS is a further advancement on the concept of an electro-optical distributed aperture system. The new system upgrades the electro-optical receivers with newer, more robust, smaller, and efficient receivers to provide an automated threat assessment matrix for the commander and crew. The addition of a high fidelity passive electronic scanned array permits the use of long-range radar to identify inbound threats such as drones, artillery shells, missiles, and aircraft without betraying an active radar signal for anti-radiation missiles to lock onto. The panels are armored and are designed to resist battlefield damage. The 2W330 HELIOS-1 Omnispectral Sensor System combines multiple sensors across the TZ-300 into a real-time analysis picture with the ability for the commander and other users to switch between views via their neuralink connections using mere thoughts. The HELIOS-1 system combines 3D Lidar, Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave Lidar, hyperspectral cameras with a very wide range of wavelength coverage including ultraviolet, visible, and infrared. Ultra-high resolution optical cameras with dynamic zoom functionality, laser rangefinders, microphone arrays, ultrasonic sensors, magnetometers, electromagnetic field detectors, radio frequency analysis sensors, gas detectors, chemical analyzers, biological agent analyzers, temperature, humidity, and pressure sensors, geiger counters, various particle detectors, communications analysis sniffers, SIGINT detector and analysis modules, and several others to paint a highly informative battlefield picture. Connection to the WHISPER network via the ISN datalink also permits data-sharing with all other Borealis assets in the theater and indeed, around the globe. Finally, certain emitters are able to launch EW warfare attacks to attempt to soft-kill inbound threats and obscure enemy targeting and tracking capabilities.

LOGISTICS:

A Titan as large and slow as the TZ-300 must have long-distance travel taken into account. To rapidly move the Titan from one location to another, a variety of methods may be used. The Titan can be disassembled into 7 distinct parts, torso, legs, upper arms, and lower arms and can be transported via ship, rail, truck, or air provided the mode of shipping can handle the weight and dimensions. Disassembly and assembly take 18-24 hours using specialized cranes and a team of technicians.

TZ-200 HOPLITE-1

Category	Specification
Name:	TZ-200 HOPLITE-1
Role:	Light Scout Titan
Manufacturer:	Atlas Defense Works
Height:	38 ft
Depth:	25.9 ft
Width:	16 ft
Weight:	392 metric tons
Foot Diameter at Ground:	Stabilizers Retracted: 10.5 ft, Stabilizers Extended: 13.25 ft.
Powerplant:	10R306 85 MW Miniature Fusion Reactor, (1) High-Energy Capacitor for FEL Laser Defense and EMRG charging.
Locomotion:	(8) 5M314 1000 HP, 1.25M lb-ft High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) actuatoservomechanisms (A/SEM) (elbows, ankles, wrists and fingers/weapon mount), (5) 5M315 4000 HP, 4.25M lb-ft HTS A/SEMs (shoulder arm joints, knees, torso waist mount), (2) 5M316 10000 HP, 12M lb-ft HTS A/SEMs (hip joints)
Servo Transmission Specifications:	(15) 5M309 Hybrid electromagnetic-mechanical variable size 3-axis transmissions.
Stabilization:	5M325 Advanced CNT Gyroscopic Stabilizers, 5M322 Dynamic Balance Control System (DBCS), 5M328 Advanced Hydraulic Shock Stabilizers
Cooling:	Microchannel Heat Exchangers utilizing Phase-Change Materials and High-Performance Liquid Cooling Loops, Cryogenic Helium-based Cooling Systems, Thermoelectric Coolers (TECs), Graphene-Based Heat Exchangers, Active Thermal Management System (ATMS)
Maximum Speed:	39 mph, full stride. 24 mph, eco stride.
Operational Range:	Unlimited.
Crew & Passengers:	(1) Commander, (1) Master Gunner, (1) Sensors and Intelligence Officer, (1) Master Engineer,
Sensors & Processing:	(1) 2W298 ARCHBISHOP-2 Multispectral PESA/EO/DAS, (1) 2W330 HELIOS-1 Omnispectral Sensor System, (1) 2V166 WHISPER-1 ISN Datalink
Countermeasures:	(4) 6K264 CERBERUS-1 Rapid Action Smoke Generators, (2) 2W319 1 MW HPM Emitters.
Armor:	6T313 ICEHELM-1 Composite Armor (see below)
Main Armament:	(2) 6G304 5 inch, triple barrel ETC cannons, (2) 30-tube 6-inch rocket pods,
Secondary Armament:	(2) AURORA-1 20 MW FEL Laser Emitters (1 front, 1 rear), (4) 6G213 1.5 inch ETC self-defense autocannons
LRIP:	2080
R&D Cost:	$3B
Cost Per Unit:	$285M

The TZ-200 HOPLITE-1 is a small scouting Titan that is significantly smaller, lighter, and faster than the CERBERUS. Most of the technology is reused and will therefore not be discussed in detail. Armor is lighter, but it is still substantial, able to resist 2-3,000 RHAe of penetration. The lack of a powerful EMRG significantly reduces the required power output and thus reactor size and heat generated. The HOPLITE-1 is intended to be used as a scout and to operate in urban environments where the CERBERUS will find matters more difficult due to its size and maneuverability. This is unless the goal is complete destruction, then the CERBERUS will be very much at home in urban environments.

Factory Construction and Procurement

Titans of this size will require entirely new factories to construct these behemoths. Two large factories, under the management of a new company, Atlas Defense Works, will be constructed in Dene territory in north-west Borealis, one is located at the Tanacross, Alaska location, and another is located at the Camsell Bend location. Both will be bored deep in the Rocky Mountains to protect from long range strategic strikes. Each facility will have its own living, medical, recreation, water purification, food storage, and power facilities onsite (for emergencies). Power will be supplied via triple 300 megawatt fusion reactors. The local towns of Camsell Bend and Tanacross will receive significant upgrades to house the large expected workforce of 10,000 engineers and technicians and their families. The mountain facilities are expected to be used only in emergencies and for convenience, while housing built in the towns is expected to be used on a daily basis. Infrastructural upgrades including road, rail, and airport access will be provided and substantially improved in order to permit transport of the Titans to specific deployment areas quickly and to allow resources to be transported to the foundries more efficiently. Both facilities will have extra room prepared for additional production lines of any future smaller or larger titans or warsuits that may be developed. The expected cost for these measures is expected to run to $29.5B which will be entirely paid by the Dene and Blackfoot over the course of 7 years.
An initial batch of 30 TZ-300 CERBERUS-1 Heavy Titans and 60 TZ-200 HOPLITE-1 Scout Titans will be procured at a cost of $19.5B and $17.1B, respectively. 15% will be paid by all of the nations, and the remaining 85% will be paid by the Borealis Federal Government.

Feasibility Analysis

The idea of creating large mechanical bipedal walkers has been a hallmark of science fiction for decades, but the technological and material means to do so have remained out of our grasp. Indeed, it has been said that titans are physically impossible due to a myriad of reasons. We have conducted thorough feasibility analyses on multiple potential issues before deciding to move forward with the program.

1. Weight vs. Ground Subgrade Reaction
Objection: A bipedal Titan’s mass is too great to spread across the surface area of one foot during each step where all mass is concentrated upon one foot as the other is lifted forward.
Analysis: Borealis engineers first calculated the estimated mass of the TZ-300 CERBERUS-1 Titan, the diameter of the bottom of the foot, and ran multiple soil bearing capacity tests on the three most common soil types: clay, sand, and silt, in both dry and wet states. The following figures are averages of the samples.

Soil Type	Bearing Capacity (Dry)	Bearing Capacity (Wet)
Clay	2,000 psf	1,500 psf
Sand	3,000 psf	2,000 psf
Silt	2,500 psf	1,800 psf

TZ-300 Weight: 780 metric tons
TZ-300 Foot Diameter (stabilizers extended): 31 feet
Calculation of Force Exerted upon Ground:

1. Conversion to Lbs.

• Weight = 780 tons x 2,000 pounds/ton = 1,560,000 lbs exerted on foot

1. Calculation of the area of the foot

• radius = 31 / 2 = 15.5 ft
  
• Area = pi*radius² = pi(15.5)² = approximately 754.77 sqft
  

1. Calculation of pressure (force per unit area):

• Pressure = Force / Area = 1,560,000 lbs / 754.77 sqft = approximately 2066 psf

Sinking Depth Calculation

Soil Type	Titan psf	- Bearing Capacity	= Excess Pressure
Clay (Dry)	2066	-2000	= 66 psf
Clay (Wet)	2066	-1500	= 566 psf
Sand (Dry)	2066	-3000	= -934 psf
Sand (Wet)	2066	-2000	= 66 psf
Silt (Dry)	2066	-2500	= -434 psf
Silt (Wet)	2066	-1800	= 266 psf

Modulus of Subgrade Reaction (k (psf/ft))
Chart of Modulus of Subgrade Reaction (k) in psf/ft

Soil Type	k (psf/ft)
Clay (Dry)	1800
Clay (Wet)	900
Sand (Dry)	3600
Sand (Wet)	1800
Silt (Dry)	2700
Silt (Wet)	1500

Using the formula of sinking depth (d) = excess pressure / modulus of subgrade reaction (k) we receive the final values of approximate settlement of the Titan in feet by each foot on each soil state.

Soil Type	Total Settlement of Titan’s Foot (approximate)
Clay (Dry)	0.037 ft
Clay (Wet)	0.63 ft
Sand (Dry)	None
Sand (Wet)	0.037 ft
Silt (Dry)	2700
Silt (Wet)	0.18 ft

FINAL Analysis: Due to the large square footage of the TZ-300’s feet with stabilizers extended, expected sinkage into various soil types is expected to be minimal.

2. Force Requirement for Lifting TZ-300’s legs
Objection: A Titan’s legs are too heavy to lift.
Analysis:
Each leg of the CERBERUS-1 weighs approximately 95.74 tons and is 45.14 feet in length. The leg of an average adult male in Borealis weighs roughly 32 lbs and is roughly 35.4 inches (2.95 ft). The force required to lift the weight of a human leg is equal to the weight of the leg (since force = mass x acceleration due to gravity, and the gravity involved is 1 g or 9.8 m/s^2, which can be simplified to 1.)
Utilizing this same formula, the total force required is 191,480 lbs.
The Borealis engineers also took into account the following additional considerations:
Center of mass and torque, distribution of weight, leverage and muscle force, acceleration.
The CERBERUS-1’s center of mass of the leg is roughly halfway up the leg, similar to humans, or 22.57 feet from the hip. The human body uses leverage (movement arm) to lift the leg, a similar mechanical advantage will be assumed.
T(human) = 32 lb x 1.475 ft (center of leg mass) = 47.2 lb-ft.
T(titan) = 191,480 lbs x 22.57 ft = 4,321,163.6 lb-ft
To calculate acceleration, additional force is necessary to overcome inertia, engineers assumed a 20% additional force requirement.
Final Adjusted Force:
Adjusted force (human) 32 x 1.2 = 38.4 lbs
Adjusted force (titan) = 191,480 x 1.2 = 229,776 lbs.
Final torque requirement (titan) = 229,776 lb x 22.57 ft = approximately 5,185,396 lb-ft.
This number is to merely lift the leg. In order for the Titan to walk at 7 mph or its top speed of 30 mph at full stride, a force of ~ 17,000 hp and 9,500,000 lb-ft of torque, and 20,000 hp and 35,236,536 lb-ft of torque.

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