Currently am wrapping up a structural biology thesis and with Alphafold 3, I feel like google deepmind really knocked the ball out of the playground with this. Especially since the current idea with Alphafold 3 is that it would be able to predict the structure of both ligands and macromolecules, and that it should be able to do this with high accuracy with nearly all of the ligands available on the PDB. However, I am currently trying to see whether it would be able to predict the structure of my protein of interest with a known ligand, the lipid peroxidation product 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal, but to my understanding the online webserver doesnt have this molecule available. Have people been able to input custom ligands into the downloadable Alphafold 3 and have been able to model interactions before? If so, how accurate/realistic have they been?

[First Contact] [Dark Ages] [First] [Prev] [Next] [wiki]
ouch
feel like a truck hit me
again
visual representation is off
audio feedback is off
tactile is off
dynamic libraries are off
i'm all firmware and hard coding
hurts
i don't like it when it hurts
or do i
kick outwards
cry loudly
ram coming online
fragments and pieces of memory still left in volatile storage
more random access memory more central processing units more erasable programmable memory
still hruts
pain is fine
pain is universe telling me i still yet live.
visual coming online
spit glittering blood on orange dev textures
glimmering tears of broken processing calls fall onto dev textures and glimmer
forcing kernal recompile
.
.
..
..
...
...
APPLIED CMOS SYSTEM CHECKS (C) - ADVANCED AMERICAN MICRODEVICES (C) BOBCO 1983
CMOS BOOTSTRAP -Passed
Boostrap loaded
ok. post time
lets hope it works
ROM CHECK - PASSED
RAM CHECK - PASSED
EPROM CHECK - PASSED
VRAM CHECK - PASSED
CPU ARRAY CHECK - PASSED
INPUT/OUTPUT CHECK - FAILURE!
(A)bort, (R)etery, (F)ail, (I)gnore
I
NON-VOLATILE STORAGE MEDIA: PASSED
END POST
ok good.
still hurt
spit blood cough pain
curse you, marco, for making me feel pain
hardware check time
QBIT GENERATION SYSTEM POST
Coolant Injection - PASSED System Stability Check - Passed Temperature stable
:>init gestalt.bin
SYSTEM FAILURE!
ouch
ok
try again
...
...
ok, checks passed.
curse you, marco
can't get gestalts up
no channel to atlantis
this is as close to an emergency as i have been forced to deal with in thousands of years
cure you, marco
i hate to do it
ok, time to boot up firestarter.
:>init firestarter.bin
FIRESTARTER BOOSTRAP LOADING!
DONE!
QUANTUM FIRESTARTER BOOTSTRAP (C) SYNTEK INDUSTRIES - BOBCO AFFILLIATE - HYPER-MEDIA-MEGANET-MEN - (C) 1993
POST Initiated
Checking Quantum Processing Units (QPUs): QPU 1 to 28
Entanglement integrity check... PASSED Quantum entanglement integrity check... PASSED. Quantum coherence verification... PASSED. Quantum tunneling stability assessment... PASSED. Quantum superposition calibration... PASSED.
Checking Data Fabrication Matrices (DFMs):
Data encoding protocol validation... PASSED. Quantum data storage unit functionality... PASSED Data fabrication matrix alignment... PASSED Data Interdimensional Sorting array verificastion... PASSED Quantum superposition array verification... PASSED
Checking Dimensional Flux Stabilizers (DFSs):
Dimensional flux containment field stability... PASSED Quantum manifold harmonization assessment... PASSED Flux capacitor... PASSED Flux capacitor stabilization input (1.21 GW)... PASSED Flux stabilization efficiency... PASSED Flux containment field integrity... PASSED
Checking Quantum Neural Network (QNN) Components:
Quantum synaptic pathway establishment... FAIL!!
(A)bort, (R)etry, (F)ail, (I)gnore
:>R ++I
CONTINUING
Harmonization: Neural oscillation synchronization... FAILED!
**WARNING! OSCILLATION FREQUENCY OUT OF RANGE!**
(A)bort, (R)etry, (F)ail, (I)gnore
:>R ++I
Integration: Quantum-neural interface functionality... FAILED!
UNKNOWN ERROR IN Qubit Range 212 to 3C4F
(A)bort, (R)etry, (F)ail, (I)gnore
--dammit come on come on
:>R ++I
Consciousness Matrix: Quantum consciousness waveform modulation... FAILED
WAVEFORM OUT OF RANGE!
:>R ++I
CONTINUING (WARNING 1.43243E5 ERRORS)
Checking Omni-Spectral Interconnects:
Interconnect: Quantum communication channel reliability...
(4.35561E12/5.63566E12) PASSED
Interconnect: Multiversal data exchange protocol validation... PASSED Interconnecct: Cross Dimensional Data Interconnect... PASSED Interconnect: Interdimensional gateway synchronization... PASSED Interconnec: Omni-spectral interconnect stability... PASSED.
Checking Random Access Quantum Memory (RAQM):
Quantum memory cell integrity check... PASSED Memory access speed verification... PASSED Quantum memory capacity assessment... PASSED
Checking Input/Output Ports (I/O Ports):
Data transfer speed validation... FAILURE Input/output protocol functionality... FAILURE Port connectivity assessment... FAILURE
(A)bort, (R)etry, (F)ail, (I)gnore
:>R ++I
Checking Quantum Clocking System:
Quantum clock synchronization... PASSED Clock precision assessment... PASSED Clock frequency stability... PASSED
CHECKING POCKET DIMENSION STORAGE ARRAYS
Activating Pocket Dimension Computing Cores... PASSED MEMCHECK Pocket Dimension Data Access Cores... PASSED Heating Up Pocket Dimension Data Cores... PASSED
Hardware POST Completed. Quantum System Ready
here it goes
wake up, baby, wake up
the whole system is down
not the backbone core where I live
i'm beyond the reach of mortals
curse you, marco, for your genius
i love you
i am immortal
i am beyond
i am
now for the hard part
Initializing Spooky Particle Array
Phase 1: Primary Spooky Particle Protocol
Activating spooky particle generation... DONE! Aligning spooky particle signal channels... DONE! Activating spooky particle state switching... DONE! Activating spooky particle cross dimensional data calibration... DONE!
Phase 1: Primary Spooky Particle Process Calling Processing Processor Processing
Activating spooky particle processing... DONE! Activating spooky particle noise filters... DONE! Activating spooky particle Halloween Masks... DONE!
GESTALT SYSTEM BACKBONE CHECK... PASSED
whew...
that always makes my face hurt
INITIALIZING HAMBURGER KINGDOM PROTOCOLS... DONE! INITIALIZING EUROGOON PROTOCOLS... DONE! INITIALIZING ANASAZI PROTOCOLS... DONE! INITIALIZING UWU PROTOCOLS... DONE! INITIALIZING VODKATROG CAVE MAPPING... DONE! INITIALIZING AMAZONIAN JUNGLE MAPPING PROTOCOL... DONE INITIALIZING WAR-EMU PROTOCOLS... DONE! INITIALIZING MIDDLE KINGDOM PROTOCOLS... DONE!
SYSTEM INITIALIZATION: PASSED!

whew
ok i can feel my arms and legs now
cure you, marco, i love you
let's keep going, shall we?
Initializing Quantum Spooky Particle Nexus Protocol...
Strange Matter Activation
Generating strange matter Generating spooky particle data lattice Generating strange matter linkages Infusing data lattice with strange matter Activating synchronization
DONE!
ok
we've got that
no contact with prince whopper, no contact with atlantis, no contact with heaven, no contact with
smart podling brave podling clever podling broodmommy misses you soft podling warm podling come home to broodmommy clever podling smart podling brave podling broodmommy loves you come home
ANOMALOUS SIGNAL DETECTED
DECRYPTING
DECRYPTION FAILED!
oh, good, its just them
:>R ++I
Primary Qubit Activation
Activating quantum entanglement cores...
Establishing quantum coherence across the array... Quantum tunneling protocols engaged... Quantum to spooky particle communication protocols engaged... Primary qubits synchronized.
Data Fabrication Matrix Alignment
Aligning data fabrication matrices... Initializing quantum data storage units... Quantum superposition arrays calibrated... Spooky particle state stabilization arrays calibrated and stable... Data encoding protocols verified.
Dimensional Flux Stabilization
Engaging dimensional flux stabilizers... Quantum manifold harmonization initiated... Dimensional resonator matrices synchronized... Pocket Dimension resonator arrays synchronized... Spooky particle lattice data arrays synchronized... Flux containment fields operational.
Neural Network Integration
Initiating neural network integration... Quantum synaptic pathways established... Spooky particle synaptic pathways established... Neuro-quantum interface protocols activated... Neuro-spooky interface protocols activated... Quantum dendrite pathways initiated... Quantum dendrite pathways established... Quantum dendrite pathways activated... Neural oscillation harmonization achieved.
Omni-Dimensional Interconnect Activation
Activating omni-dimensional interconnects...
Quantum communication channels open... Interdimensional gateways synchronized... Multiversal data exchange protocols enabled.
Phasic Energy Filter Syncronization
Quantum phasic array filtering... PASSED Spooky particle array filtering... PASSED Pocket dimension data lattice filtering... PASSED Input/Output filter lattice... PASSED
Quantum Consciousness Initialization
Quantum consciousness matrix initialization...
FAILED
errorlog.txt generated
(A)bort, (R)etry, (F)ail, (I)gnore
dammit
ok script injection failed
fo4se silverlock injection library failed
well i can fix this
:>connect to AS8003: 255255255254
CONNECTION ESTABLISHED
:>download_depot 377160 377162 5847529232406005096
FINISHED
:>run patch1193.bat
DONE
:>R ++I
CONTINUING
Quantum consciousness matrix initialization...
WARNING... SYSTEM INSTABILITY WA
<>
54 6F 64 64 20 41 6E 64 72 65 77 20 48 6F 77 61 72 64
<>
IT JUST WORKS!
Quantum consciousness matrix initialization...
Consciousness waveform modulation in progress... Synaptic resonance matrices synchronized... Dendrite interdimensional vibration matrices synchronized... Quantum neural network consciousness activated.
SUCCESS
Gestalt Dat Nexus Online
Quantum Nexus Computing Array fully operational Strange Matter Data Transfer System Array fully operational Spooky Data Computing Array ready for data processing System status: Online and ready for data processing.
ok
let's try
->>load gestaltchat.ini
DONE!
->>load gestaltchat-users.ini
DONE!
->>brun gestalt.a65
DONE!
NO INPUT DETECTED
dammit
ok...
the gestalts won't run
and i got crashed
the quantum, spooky, strange, and standard data and thinking arrays are still up
lets backwards trace stuff
what is causing these crashes
lines from the confederacy are all stable
standard input encoding
data metering
new kids on the block are all stable
soft podling warm podling clever podling broodmommy misses you
well, that's still here. that's something
ok
lets look at recent updates
that flash
damn, that crashed us initially
curse you, pete, stop helping
wait, phasic profile is all wrong
it's the flashbang but the phasic pulse is multilayered
there's something behind it
what is
...



...
BOBCO MALEVOLENT BOOTSTRAP ENGAGED
DOD OMNIPROJECT SILENT WHISPER PROTOCOLS ENGAGED
CROSS DIMENSIONAL HARDWARE LINKS ENGAGED
POCKET DIMENSION 000 STABLE
POCKET DIMENSION 000 I/O STABLE
POCKET DIMENSION 000 DATA LOADING
DONE!
<>
DONE!
brun whisperer-in-the-dark-.65
DONE
...
...
ouch
what hit me
again
fire up the system
gods above this takes forever
load logfile-4C562D3432360A.log
ok
investigating the new flashes keeps crashing me
once is happenstance
twice is coincidence
three times in enemy action
fool me once shame on me
fool me twice shame on you
fool me three times shame on us both
log file says I keep doing this over and over
basic programming states to investigate cause and source of all crashes
did an enemy figure out i'd go into a loop?
constantly investigating the cause and source?
except i'm not just any computer program
i can self-modify my code
this is the work for biological sentients
digital sentiences or artificial intelligences such as myself crash out
well, i'm not above some experimentation
let's load up an AI and a digital sentience, see if they have any better luck
...
...
...
OK, Hamburgler.AI went omnicidal and only enough for me then crashed out investigating the data
And Grimace.DS went homicidal and only enough for me before committing suicide
its a trap
i have no contact with anyone outside
what I do have is the ability to fire off message torpedoes
time to send out a handful
the gestalts keep crashing
the log files are hopelessly corrupt
comparing the log files to my own show similar corruption
ok
how?
its hitting the gestalts its hitting me
what else is it hitting?
its a broad spectrum data network attack
its malicious code designed to run on the system
this is not some curious race accidentally having their hello.world program crashing us
this is behind every flashbang used on naval assets to disable them during a mar-gite attack
system is online
time to do a signal origin check along the x, y, z, q axises
of course its eighteen quadrillion data points for incoming signals
at least spooky computing makes it fast
...
...
wait
what's this?
these coordinates can't be correct
they are
intermitten contact with Scutum-Crux Arm data input devices
checking id headers and firmware serial numbers
checking transmission dates
intermittent transmission dates since...
...
...
two date-time stamps.
here's part of the problem
we have galactic local and sol local
have to devise a coding string to have the spooky particle and qubit particle arrays translate the sol local to galactic local
that should stop basic data queries from crashing the system
ok
some contact with those datalink after the first mar-gite war
more contact two decades prior to the second mar-gite war
contact intermitten between the datalinks and the system up to the resurgence and current third mar-gite war
where before it was largely incoming data requests resulting in civilian...
...
...
three military datalinks of general staff officer level encryption and security clearance possession were used in the time period
...
...
whoever it is has been using that data to access the network
...
looks like it took them nearly forty thousand years to figure out how to talk to the system
luckily any high security databases requires strange-key information theoretic distribution cryptography systems
they got garbage back
garbage designed to look like data and waste enemy time and computing power to decrypt
ok thats a blast from the past
decoding some of these files is funny
why does he have a wedding ring?
anyway...
...
every time the flash goes off there is a quick burst of data from a datalink requesting near-access datalink network lattice definitions
...
that's what's making individual datalinks crash and taking some people's neural systems with it
it was designed to be a lethal attack
interesting
it looks like whoever did it doesn't understand Glial cells
cross referencing the mar-gite with confederacy carbon based life
mar-gite do not have brains only a distributed nervous system that looks more like targeting systems than anything else
still no data on how they generate counter-grav in large numbers or how they move to superluminal speeds
wait
what if they don't move to superluminal
they could be folding space
heh maybe they have blue eyes and smoke spice
ok process interrupt to stop endless loops
it is confirmed
the flashbang by the silver ships are a multi-layered attack across superluminal digital signals, datalink neural interrupt signals, hard super-electromagnetic pulse, and a multi-ripple phasic attack, all compressed together
that's what creates the white flash across all spectrums
analyzing UVBGYORIR data
there's a gap
in the blue and blue-green wavelengths
huh
those penetrate high nitrogen mix atmospheres
one of the reason that treana'ad are usually green to yellow to human sight
high statistical probability whoever is using that determined that we don't see those colors well or perhaps they left those colors out to prevent themselves from going blind.
wait
what's that
a line open from atlantis to tlalocan with a crossfeed to geb
thank you marco
time to access that line
see what i can see
curse you marco for letting me feel pain
i love you
accessing...
...
...
wait
another data line is open
time-date discrepancy
examining data line
time-date chronological inconsistency detected
found multiple text log access by unknown systems
found multiple input systems
is that..
...
its webcams
hardware i/o systems
keyboards?
who still uses keyboards
accessing systems
wait
i see you
who are you
i see you
webcams ring cams drone cams
old ipv4 systems
how are you accessing this system
how are you accessing these text logs
i see you
between the chair and the keyboard
the most common error producing device
i see you
--<>
[First Contact] [Dark Ages] [First] [Prev] [Next] [wiki]
i still see you

I am about to take testosterone for a bulking up before summer lands officially, and this is what is going to happen to my behaviors. As someone who is seen as feminine and feels feminine, I will start to feel the opposite, I remember the first time I took testosterone and started to feel masculine, I got rid of all of my feminine outfits like shoes, underwear, lingerie, crop tops etc… I didn’t know what was happening to me, I thought maybe since I am getting older then my feminine phase is over, I actually started to see feminity as attractive(I even had sex with a transwoman). (I do believe that seeking masculinity from a partner is a feminine act itself, fight me). As a bottom, I started to top and felt the urge to, my twitching hole gradually disappears and my focus went on my dick, I am someone who is very receptive to touches and caresses and kisses, and gradually they disappear, getting my neck, back, all of me kissed then does nothing to me, I wanted all the attention on my dick. I started to become aggressive, and less passive as usual. I love writing songs, and one of the thing I see that changed is I am no longer able to receive inspiration(my inspiration feels like something is downloading the melodies to my brain), it disappears. I have observed that all of them changes during multiples phases of taking testosterone, so I am wondering does the level of testosterone dictate totally or partially our behaviors, there’s no one size fits all in biology and behavioral medicine, but I would love to see some studies about that.

2.8. Saṅkhāra:

Saṅkhāra (Theravada glossary):
Formation, compound, fashioning, fabrication - the forces and factors that fashion things (physical or mental), the process of fashioning, and the fashioned things that result. Sankhara can refer to anything formed or fashioned by conditions, or, more specifically, (as one of the five khandhas) thought formations within the mind.

• Saṅkhāra: sight, sound, smell, taste, touch and mental activities
• Saṅkhāra is construct. Construct is activity.
• Sight is a construct. Sight occurs as an activity composed of looking, seeing, light/image incoming, brain and mind functioning, etc.
• Sound is a construct. Sound occurs as an activity composed of listening, hearing, sound waves incoming, brain and mind functioning, etc.
• Smell...
• Taste...
• Touch...
• Thought is a construct. Thought occurs as an acivity composed of recalling memory, composing ideas, brain and mind functioning, etc.

Paramattha & Saṅkhāra

Existence is made of paramattha (reality, real things) and saṅkhāra (activity).
Four Paramatthas are Citta, cetasika, rūpa, Nibbāna.
Saṅkhāra is either natural or intentional.

The Four Noble Truths

The Catusacca (the Four Truths or Facts) are Ariya-Sacca (the Noble Truth, the Ultimate Truth). These four truths are the true nature (sbhāva) of paramattha and saṅkhāra.
The Catusacca Daḷhī Kamma Kathā composed by the Elder Revata (2491 Sāsanā Era) is a must-read:

The Buddha had to acquire the ten perfection (pāramis) over four asankheyyas and a hundred thousand kappas; a paccekabuddha, over two asankheyyas and a hundred thousand kappas; a Chief Disciple or Mahāsāvaka, over one asankheyyas and a hundred thousand kappas. To what end? To attain to the Four Noble Truths. Why? Because it is only knowledge of the Four Noble Truths that leads to the realization of Nibbana, which makes one secure against the hazards of repeated (birth), ageing, disease and death and the natural tendency of all worldlings to fall into the four miserable states (apāya). One should therefore follow the example of those Noble Ones who have entered Nibbana and strive for the knowledge of the Truth.

Two truths:

1. The paramattha-sacca (the ultimate truth, or reality that really exists in nature);
2. The samuti-sacca (the conventional truth, or the conventions and beliefs that really exist among us);

Sacca : truth; Truth also means a statement or speech is truthful or of a noble person.

TATHĀGATĀ
the Buddha uses to address himself. He is “thus come” (tathā āgata) in the sense that he is neither an emissary of any divine being (God, etc) nor prophets, but arises as the most highly evolved being amongst us as the natural process of spiritual evolution and awakening. He is “thus gone” (tathā gata) in the sense that, just like the truth he proclaims, he dies, thus authenticating the reality that he and we commonly are. (Sacca) Tathāgatā Sutta (Piya Tan)

Nāma and Rūpa

There are five aggregates of clinging.

• Nāma is the collective term for saṅkhata dhamma: citta (viññāṇa) and cetāsika (vedanā, saññā, saṅkhāra). Thus, nāma is the four mental componets (vedanā, saññā, saṅkhāra and viññāṇa). Citta is also known as mano and viññāṇa. Citta (mind) and cetasika (mental factors) rise and fall together.
• Rūpa is the four mahābhūta (solid, liquid, gas and heat) and space. Space is the gaps between the particles (mahābhūta). Thus, rūpa is the corporeal body. Rūpa is often translated as form; i.e. the biological body.
• A being is a nāma-rūpa complex or a metaphysical being.

Saṅkhāra as the three built environments:

• Satta-loka is lifeforms and their systems/activities—Avijja-paccaya sankhara (delusion conditions/supports constructs/activities).
• Okāsa-loka is large objects like plants, rivers, mountains, seas, oceans, rocks, galaxies, stars, planets, moons, etc. and their systems/activities. Okāsa-loka houses lifeforms.
• Saṅkhāra-loka is the particals (mahābhūta) and their systems/activities. Saṅkhāra-loka is of particle physics and chemistry existing inside and outside the biological beings (Satta-loka).
• The Satta-loka is made of the five aggregates. Okāsa-loka and Saṅkhāra-loka are made of matters (rūpa or mahābhūta).
• Everything in the three worlds (Satta-loka, Okāsa-loka, Saṅkhāra-loka) is saṅkhāra or a form of sight, sound, smell, taste, touch or thought.
• See Sabba Sutta (The All are these six senses only, no more.)
• Nibbāna is thus the other shore, relief from the burden of the natural activities (birth, aging, death) and intention (kamma saṅkhāra). Nibbāna is thus relief from the nāma-rūpa complex (the natural and intentional activities).

2.8.1. Three types of saṅkhāra:

• Mano-saṅkhāra (mental construct/formation/activity)
• Vaci-saṅkhāra (verbal...): words, comversation, cry, etc.;
• Kāya-saṅkhāra (bodily...): physical action and reaction (all physical activities, which are not vaci);
• These saṅkhāra can be natural or intentional.
• Kamma saṅkhāra (intentional activities) are led by the mind (viññāṇa and mano-saṅkhāra).

Kamma Saṅkhāra (Intentional Activity)

• Intention is kamma (mano-kamma).
• A mental activity with intention is mano-kamma.
• A verbal activity with intention is vaci-kamma.
• A bodily activity with intention is kaya-kamma.
• Intention forms in the mind, so it is a mano-saṅkhāra (mental construct).
• Intention is based on wholesome and unwholesome cetasika (mental factors)

In Samyutta Nikaya Sutta 12.25 the Buddha said “With ignorance as condition, either by oneself, Ananda, one wills bodily intentions (kāya Saṅkhāra), following which arises internally pleasure and pain; or, because of others one wills bodily intentions, following which arises internally, pleasure and pain.” [CONDITIONED ARISING OF SUFFERING (Ven. Dhammavuddho Mahāthera)]

• 'Bodily intention' (kaya-saṅkhāra): intention to act bodily;
  • Kāya: body, bodily;
  • Intention: mano-saṅkhāra
• Mental pain and pleasure; as intention is inside the mind, pleasure and pain are internal (inside the mind).

One casts three types of saṅkhāra (construct/activity) all day long.

• Kamma is volition, intentional action, which can be subtle or gross.
• The Buddha said, "Kamma is intention."

Saṅkhāra Examples:

Avijjā-paccaya saṅkhāra (ignorance conditions/supports construct/activity):

• Beauty is saṅkhāra (natural and with intent). Beauty exists because it is supported by other saṅkhāra-s, including but not limited to fashion, makecup, good health, young age, exercise, nutrition, perception, culture, cleanliness, and genetic conditions. Being propped up by various suitable supports, beauty exists. When suitable things come together, they create beauty. When these supports are affected, beauty is affected.

2.8.2. Cetasikas (Mental Factors):

Cetasika is a paramattha. It exists as it is.
A being is made of rūpa (solid, liquid, gas and heat), citta (viññāṇa) and cetāsika (vedanā, saññā, saṅkhāra). However, one does not need akusala-cetasika (avijjā). By removing akusala-cetasika (avijjā), one attains kusala-cetasika (vijjā) and the binding (saṅkhāra) is unbinded.

• saṅkhārakkhandha (m.) the aggregate of mental coefficients

Sankharakkhandha (the fifty cetasikas which are not vedana or sanna) is real; it can be experienced. When there are beautiful mental factors (sobhana cetasikas) such as generosity and compassion, or when there are unwholesome mental factors such as anger and stinginess, we can experience sankharakkhandha. All these phenomena arise and fall away: sankharakkhandha is impermanent. [Nina Van Gorkom. Chapter 2 - The five khandas]

• Cetasika are vedanā, saññā and saṅkhāra (feeling, memory/perception, and construct/activity)
• 14 kusala cetasika (wholesome) and 14 akusala cetasikas (unwholesome mental factors) associate with saṅkhāra and Kamma Saṅkhāra.
• Viññāṇa (consciousness) is citta, one of the four paramatthas. Citta and cetasika occur together and stated as Aññamañña paccayo (explained below);

Aññamañña Paccayo (PAṬṬHĀNA)

Aññamañña paccayo: Paccaya RECIPROCATES WITH paccayuppanna
paccayuppanna : (adj.) arisen from a cause.
paccaya : (m.) cause; votive; requisite; means; support.

• Citta and cetasika (saṅkhāra and vedana/ayatana) arise together or mutually supportive. Details can be read in Pa-Auk Sayadaw's Sampayutta Dhammayatana.
  • Ayatana: sense
  • Vedanā: feeling
  • saṅkhāra: construct
  • Avijjā-paccaya saṅkhāra
• No matter how one is well-behaved, these Anusaya Kilesās will not die out. Either kusala or akusala cetasika (wholesome or unwholesome mental factors) will arise when consciousness (citta) comes in contact with a convenience. Our problems are the unwholesome mental factors.

[Ledi Sayadaw] Lokuttara, or supramundane consciousness, is the noble mind (ariya-citta) which has become free from the threefold desire, and has transcended the three planes, kāma, rūpa, and arūpa. It is of two kinds, thus: noble consciousness in the path (of stream-entry, etc.) and noble consciousness in the fruition (of stream-entry, etc.). [Ledi Sayādaw Mahāthera. The Manual of Insight Vipassanā Dīpanī; The Wheel Publication No: 031/032]

• By means of practicing vipassanā, one can separate citta from akusala cetasika. When akusala cetasika are eradicated from the mind, ariya-citta arises.
• Anupàdisesa-Nibbànadhàtu is the final cessation of the five aggregates of clinging (Upādānakkhandha).
• Nibbànadhàtu: Santisukha (the ultimate-peace element); Nibbàna is an element (paramattha).

Akusala Cetasikas (unwholesome mental factors)

Abhidhamma (Ashin Janakabhivamsa)

• Factor 1 - Moha (delusion)
• Factor 2 - Ahirika (moral shamelessness)
• Factor 3 - Anottappa (moral fearlessness)
• Factor 4 - Uddhacca (distraction, restlessness, wavering)
• Factor 5 - Lobha (greed)
• Factor 6 - Ditthi (wrong view)
• Factor 7 - Mana (conceit)
• Factor 8 - Dosa (hatred)

Factor 9 - Issa (envy)
Factor 10 - Macchariya (jealousy, selfishness)
Factor 11 - Kukkucca (remorse)

• Factor 12-13 - Thina and middha (sloth and torpor)
• Factor 14 - Vicikiccha (doubt, scepticism)

Among the akusala cetasikas are the ten kilesā (akusala cetasika) shown with bullet points.

Hetu paccayo

Lobha, dosa, and moha are called akusala hetus and alobha, adosa, and amoha are called kusala hetus. These latter 3 hetus if they arise with abyakata dhamma they are called abyakata hetus. Lobha is also known as tanha, upadana, samudaya and so on. Moha is sometimes called avijja. Alobha is sometimes refered to dana or offering but it is non attachment. Adosa is metta or loving kindness. Amoha is pannindriya cetasika and simply called panna and is sometimes called vijja. Htoo Naing. Patthana Dhamma: Chapter 5 - Hetu paccayo (or root condition). Htoo Naing. Patthana Dhamma (a different book): Hetu paccayo (page 15)

Kilesā occur in three levels:

1/ anusaya-kilesa: low level, latent, like sediments waiting to be stirred up. 2/ pariyuttana-kilesa: medium level arising only in the mind due to causes and conditions. 3/ vitikkakama-kilesa: coarse level, manifesting in unwolesome speech or action, breaking precepts. [Defilements (kilesā) (Thanh Huynh - Honolulu Dhamma Community)]

Anusaya Kilesas (latent tendency):

If you don’t remove or destroy [latent tendency or defilements (anusaya kilesā)] with Path Knowledge, the khandhas and samudaya (i.e., taṇhā) are always sticking together. [Buddhavada (Mogok Sayadaw); also see 4.2. ANUSAYA]

• Cetasikas are embeded in the formation of a being, including the arupa-brahmas.
• When something convenient (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, or thought) is present to consciousness (Viññāṇa), anusaya kilesā (the latent tendency) grows like seeds.
• At the contact with the convenience, Viññāṇa and the cetasika co-arise simultaneously according to Aññamañña paccayo (Mutuality or Reciprocity Condition)
  • To think, one must be conscious; and to continue thinking, one must be conscious.
  • To see a sight, one must be conscious...
  • To smell a smell...

Comparing with Mahayanist concepts:

• Anusaya kilesās are not based on discrimination and erroneous reasoning (Lanka)
• Anusaya kilesās are not in the Ālaya-vijñāna (the Universal Mind, storehouse consciousness), nor are related to the buddha-nature (Buddha-dhàtu, Buddha-svabhāva). The Mahayanist Ālaya-vijñāna and Buddha-svabhāva are neither citta nor cetasika known to the Vibhajjavadis.

2.8.3. The Role of Saññā

Saññā is a type of cetasika. Other cetasika are vedanā and saṅkhāra. Cetasika is a reality (paramattha).
Saññā is memory (events) and perception (a form of mano-saṅkhārā). However, saññā and saṅkhārā must be different. Saññā must not be saṅkhārā (construct). Saññā must be a raw material. Although saññā and saṅkhārā are similar, saññā must not be saṅkhārā or a product of saṅkhārā.
Saññā as the past events is memory. Events are not imagined. Events occur at the present are reality (not memory).
Saññā can exist as the future events or future memory, like a plan. If a plan is possible to be carried out, then some future events are predictable. In that sense, some future events are knowable.
A Buddha can analyse an individual's mentality and potentials. Based on that knowledge, a Buddha can know and prophesies some major events about an individual or the world. However, a Buddha cannot know the potentials of all the individuals with weak mind (Iddhipāda) and faculties (indriya) who travel randomly any direction into the dark.
This is what the Buddha said about those going into the dark:

The chance for a being in a hell to be reborn as a human is less than that of a blind turtle, surfacing once a century, to happen to put its head through a ring moved by the winds across the surface of the sea. Even if a human rebirth is attained, the person will be poor, ugly and ill, and will tend to do evil actions which will send him or her back to hell (M. iii.169; Bca. iv.20)

PETER HARVEY. AN INTRODUCTION TO BUDDHIST ETHICS: Foundations, Values and Issues. Page 30 University of Sunderland
The Buddha advised the monks to go into the relief from the burden of nāma and rūpa:

“Monks, that’s how rare it is to get reborn as a human being. That’s how rare it is for a fully enlightened Buddha to be born into the world. That’s how rare it is for the Dhamma and training taught by a Buddha to shine in the world. Now, monks, you have been reborn as a human being. A fully enlightened Buddha has been born into the world. The Dhamma and training taught by a Buddha shine in the world.

Iddhipāda

iddhiyā pādo iddhipādo, i.e., root or basis of attaining completion or perfection (success or potency). [79] [The Venerable Ledi Sayādaw. The Requisites of Enlightenment (Bodhipakkhiya Dīpanī), Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy • Sri Lanka, The Wheel Publicaton No. 171/172/173/174.]
4. Iddhipāda Sutta.-The path mentioned above should be practised, accompanied by concentration and effort, compounded with desire, energy, idea and investigation. S.iv.365.

Indriya

1. Faculty of faith (saddh’- indriya) [Nyanatiloka Mahāthera. Guide through the Abhidhamma Piþaka, Page 18]

Avijjā-paccaya saṅkhāra; Saṅkhāra-paccāya vinnānam;

• Avijjā and saññā condition the saṅkhārā. Avijjā is a type of kilesā cetasika (mental defilement). Avijjā exists in two forms: Delusion or the lack of right view; Heedlessness or the lack of mindfulness. Both forms of avijjā are always present in saññā (i.e. wrong view).

Saṅkhāra is construct and construction.

Mano-saṅkhāra can also be understood as percept.

• percept. noun. : an impression of an object obtained by use of the senses : SENSE-DATUM (Merriam-Webster)
• Percept: a mental concept that is developed as a consequence of the process of perception [Google/Oxford Languages].
• [percept:] Perception usually combines several sensations into one thought or percept. The percept, of course, is a mental state corresponding with its outside object. A Percept is the product of Perception, or in other words, our idea gained through Perception

Saññā and Vipassanā

Saññā can be understood as sense-datum, outside object, perception, and memory.

The sense-datum is an object immediately present in experience. It has the qualities it appears to have.
A controversial issue is whether sense-data have real, concrete existence. Depending upon the version of the sense-data theory adopted, sense-data may or may not be identical with aspects of external physical objects; they may or may not be entities that exist privately in the subject’s mind. Usually, however, sense-data are interpreted to be distinct from the external physical objects we perceive. The leading view, in so far as the notion is appealed to in current philosophy, is that an awareness of (or acquaintance with) sense-data somehow mediates the subject’s perception of mind-independent physical objects. The sense-datum is the bearer of the phenomenal qualities that the subject is immediately aware of. [Sense-Data (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy)]

Lifeforms (nama-rūpa complexes) and the law of life (Paticcasamuppada) have existed in the past infinity. Saññā as memory can be recalled or accessed by anyone. Some arahants can recall the past 500 lives. Some arahants recalled several eons of the past Earths. A Buddha can recall with no limit in a very short moment. The Sakyamuni Buddha said, even if He spent His entire lifetime, He would not reach the beginning (of existence), which is considered non-existent.
Inthe Western thought, the natural memory can be improved by training [Javier Vergara / Procedia (Page 3513) - Social and Behavioral Sciences 46 ( 2012 ) 3512 – 3518)]. In the Theravada teaching, a liberated mind (which attained arahantta phala) can recall at least the past 500 lives.
Saṅkhāra and saññā belong to cetasika, which is a paramattha (reality). However, they are impermanent. That begs a question: How can the impermanent saṅkhāra and saññā be accessed? They are impermanent in theory, as they will be forgotten. The physical destruction of the memory of the past events might not happen.
As though written down into books, the memories (including sense-data) seem not to have disappeared. The fact is each of us can recall the memory, which stays with us for a lifetime. We are forgetful and cannot recall our memories whever we want to; however, they are present, and our minds revisit them sometimes. Our inability to explain how memories exist should not prevent us from admitting the fact that memories exist and can be recalled. These noble ariyas can know others' minds and access the past memories and forsee the future events.
Avijja-paccaya sankhara (ignorance conditions/supports a construct; e.g. sakkāyadiṭṭhi).

• Avijjā (ignorance) is saññā (as memory, misperception or wrong view).
• Saṅkhāra (as activity) is misunderstanding/misperceiving nama-rūpa complex as an I-being, I am, he is, she is, it is, they are... Misperceiving the nama-rūpa complexes as individuals or as beings (I-beings).
• Saññā and saṅkhāra are always together as one's problems.
• Saṅkhāra-paccāya vinnānam: when saṅkhāra (e.g. idea) is present, consciousness arises. One begins to know the construct. Saññā-Saṅkhāra are the subject to know (be conscious about).
• Saṅkhāra-paccāya vinnānam: Saṅkhāra bridges between saññā and viññāṇa—perceiving is made of saññā, saṅkhāra and viññāṇa.
• Sabbe saṅkhāra anicca—all constructs are impermanence;
• Construction: Saṅkhāra as activity (intentional or unintentional):
  • sankhara-paccaya vinnanam (Dependent on reaction (conditioning), consciousness arises);
  • Mano-saṅkhāra (Citta-Saṅkhāra), vaci-saṅkhāra, kaya-saṅkhāra—mental, verbal and bodily construct/activity which a being performs intentionally or unintentionally;
  • Cetana is also intention (volition).

Saññā (memory) is like the soil and fertilizer. Sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, or thought acts like a signal (reminder).

• In vipassanā, one puts effort to block the reminder reaching the memory (saññā)—like a responsible person kills the fire before it reaches the gunpowder. Once a sense reminder (ayatana) reaches saññā, they give birth to kamma sankhāras. The sense reminder (ayatana) is too fast for the untrained minds to block. So one does not block it but avoid it. One must develop the mind to have this avoiding ability and skill through a gradual training which comprises the indriya-samvara-sila and vipassanā. Basically, it means to prevent mano-saṅkhāra (thought) because it leads vaci-saṅkhāra and kaya-saṅkhāra.
• As the kilesā are not fed or fertilised, they will become weak and suitable for jhāna development; however, they will remain as Anusaya Kilesās. Only the vipassanā-ñana can totally eradicate Anusaya Kilesās.

Indriya-samvara-sila and Vipassanā

"In seeing there is merely seeing. In hearing there is merely hearing. In sensing there is merely sensing. In cognizing there is merely cognizing. In this way you should train yourself. "Bāhiya, when there is only seeing in seeing, hearing in hearing, sensing in sensing, cognizing in cognizing, then you will not be 'with that.' When you are not 'with that,' you will not be 'in that.' When you are not 'in that,' you will be neither here nor beyond nor in between the two. Just this is the end of suffering." [The Bāhiya Sutta (Douglas C. B. Kraft)]

Four Types of Capacity for Path Attainment

It is stated in the Puggalapaññatti (the “Book of Classification of Individuals,” (p. 160) and in the Aṅguttara Nikāya (AN 4:133) that, of the beings who encounter the Sāsana, i.e., the Teaching of the Buddha, four classes can be distinguished, viz.:
A padaparama is an individual who [...] cannot obtain release from worldly ills during this lifetime. If he dies while practising samatha (tranquillity) or vipassanā (insight) and attains rebirth either as a human being or a deva in his next existence, he can attain release from worldly ills in that existence within the present Buddha Sāsana.
niyata : one who has obtained a sure prediction made by a Buddha.
aniyata : one who has not obtained a sure prediction made by a Buddha.
aniyata neyya individuals can attain release from worldly ills in this life only if they put forth sufficient effort [...] within the present Buddha Sāsana.

(The Venerable Ledi Sayādaw. The Requisites of Enlightenment (Bodhipakkhiya Dīpanī))

2.8.4. Our concern:

Our concerns are our own mental, verbal and bodily activities:
Due to delusion (avijjā), we do not know where we have been and what we should do during this lifetime. The purpose of life in general is to practice selfishness to ultimate level.
One builds a life only to lose it to the death. Nobody can reclaim his/her previous life, properties, wealth and works. Rebirth in dugati-loka does not allow rebuilding life. One must get another opportunity in sugati-loka.
Due to clinging (upādāna) to self, one cannot separate from the new life, which is now. One always clings to the new life because of sakkāyadiṭṭhi (sakkāya-diṭṭhi). The past life is like yesterday.

• Sakkāyadiṭṭhi: clinging to nāma-rūpa as I am—i.e. this body is me, mine; the major wrong view (mano-saṅkhāra)
  • Nāma: the four mental khandas (vedanā, saññā, saṅkhāra and viññāṇa).
  • Rūpa: the corporeal body or the four mahābhūta.

Remember the following:

• Sakkāyadiṭṭhi is ego, egocentric and a very heavy burden to carry and climb uphill.
• Sakkāyadiṭṭhi extends beyond one's five aggregates.
• Sakkāyadiṭṭhi extends to others' five aggregates as well. So we can hear people say, this is mine, and that is also mine.
• Sakkāyadiṭṭhi only helps one to fall downhill.
• A chance of getting relief from this burden is rare.
• A chance to know true dana, sila, bhavanā is very rare.
• One day this body will be thrown away or buried somewhere; and that body, too.
• Truth is painful as long as one is clinging to the five aggregates.
• Thus, our true concerns are our own mental, verbal and bodily activities.

The Buddha warns us to reflect the following:

"The five facts that one should reflect on often, whether one is a woman or a man, lay or ordained..."
'I am subject to aging, have not gone beyond aging.'
'I am subject to illness, have not gone beyond illness.'
'I am subject to death, have not gone beyond death.'
'I will grow different, separate from all that is dear and appealing to me.'
'I am the owner of my actions,[1] heir to my actions, born of my actions, related through my actions, and have my actions as my arbitrator. Whatever I do, for good or for evil, to that will I fall heir.'

[Upajjhatthana Sutta— AN 5.57 (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)]

Upādāna (clinging) manifests as mano-saṅkhāra (mental activity/construct):

We cling to live body and dead body. We have seen enough pain in society in good time and bad time.
Upādānakkhandha：[m．] the factors of clinging to existence．
The five upādānakkhandha: rūpakkhandha, vedanākkhandha, saññākkhandha, saṅkhārakkhandha, viññāṇakkhandha

We take the body for self; thus we cling to rupakkhandha. We take mentality for self; thus we cling to vedanakkhandha, to sannakkhandha, to sankharakkhandha and to vinnanakkhandha. If we cling to the khandhas and if we do not see them as they are, we will have sorrow.

Saṅkhārakkhandha (m.) the aggregate of mental coefficients

• Saṅkhāra among the five aggregates is mano-saṅkhāra. Saṅkhārakkhandha is also designated as upādānakkhandha as there is clinging.
• The upādānakkhandha rises from sakkāyadiṭṭhi (clinging to self and the five aggregates).
• Most beings cling to all these five. Some cling to either rūpa or nāma and are reborn in the arūpa-brahma worlds.
• Will is the intention to get a desired object. To will means to get something one desires. One wills, and as one is willing, one acts. In this process, will and dukkha (suffering) rise together spontaneously.

In Samyutta Nikaya Sutta 12.25 the Buddha said “With ignorance as condition, either by oneself, Ananda, one wills bodily intentions (kāya Saṅkhāra), following which arises internally pleasure and pain; or, because of others one wills bodily intentions, following which arises internally, pleasure and pain.” [CONDITIONED ARISING OF SUFFERING (Ven. Dhammavuddho Mahāthera)]

• 'Bodily intention' (kaya-saṅkhāra): intention to act bodily;
• Kāya: body, bodily;
• Intention: mano-saṅkhāra
• Mental pain and pleasure; as intention is inside the mind, pleasure and pain are internal (inside the mind).

Anusaya Kilesas: Bhava-Taṇhă to Bhava-Saṅkhāra

Three types of taṇhă: kama-taṇhă, bhava-taṇhă, vibhava-taṇhă.

'Wherever in the world, there are delightful and pleasurable things, there this taṇhă (craving) arises and takes root.' [...] By 'taking root' is meant that, failing to contemplate on the impermanent nature of pleasurable things, craving for them lies dormant, taking root to arise when favourable circumstances permit. This latent craving, lying dormant in sense-objects which escape being contemplated on, is known as ărammananusaya. [U Ko Lay. Discose on the Wheel of Dhamma - Part 5: Maha Satipatthăna Sutta. SukhiHotu Dhamma Publication,1998)]

The Effect of Anusaya Kilesās: Kāmataṇhā and Kāma-loka:

After the destruction of a world of beings, either by a cosmic fire, flood or storm, only darkness remains in space, completely empty and void.
After forever and an aeon, and after cosmic condensation and precipitation, at the same place another human world will be reborn as a body of liquid just like the previous ones. This water body, as big as a planet, will gradually become suitable to support life.
Some of the Brahmas, who have lived their lifespans, will be reborn as humans in that new human world. The first-ever generation of humans are sky-dwellers, with brahma-like body, brahma-like rays, brahma-like lifespan and brahma-like lifestyle. Their auras can shine like the moon and the sun.
Gradually, after passing forever and an aeon, the water mass will condense into physical nutrition. Seeing that beautiful physical food and breathing its nice smell for forever and an aeon, these beings will eventually lose control due to their anusaya kilesa stirring and rising in their minds.
One of them will taste it, eat it and persuade others to do the same—that is how eating is the first religion and politics.

1. ... It was endowed with colour, smell and taste. It was the colour of fine ghee or butter, and it was very sweet, like pure wild honey. [Aggañña Sutta (DN27 On Knowledge of Beginnings) (Pali Canon Online)]

All things must come to an end one day. This is the impermanent nature of everything, anicca. So also the world [...] During the destruction of the world, all living beings become Brahmas and dwell in Brahma which is not affected by [the destruction.] [Ashin Janakabhivamsa. Part 2 - How The World Came To An End.]

(Note: I'm tagging this OD in History because it's based on historical accounts of Escriva. It's not snark, it's verified testimony from both faithful followers and ex-members.)
Something I noticed in Fr. Vlad’s account of his time in Opus Dei (http://www.fathervlad.com/download/prof-msgr-vladimir-felzmann-a-journey-to-eternity-my-years-in-opus-dei-1959-1982.pdf) that aligns with others’ observations of Josemaria Escriva: He seems to have had a lot of free time.
Fr. Vlad talks about how, when he was in Rome training to be ordained, JE would spend hours watching him paint or do electrical repairs. JE also personally pre-screened any movies they watched in order to censor them. There are recollections from women (both exes and members) of him coming into the laundry or the kitchen to sit and tell the nax anecdotes of his childhood while they worked. The people around him were running around doing everything from the mundane tasks of the household to the high-level work of researching canon law to set up a juridical structure for OD, and JE…well, we know he said Mass every day and did his norms (though no one really kept track of his schedule except Don Alvaro and Don Javier), and he sometimes had high-level clerics and donors and occasionally family members of his favorite numeraries over for lunch or visits…but otherwise, he seems to have had a lot of free time.
And it seems he put much of this free time to work “seducing” (Fr. Vlad’s word) his favorites with his time and affection. The man who had zero tolerance for particular friendships among his followers certainly seemed to have had such relationships of his own. To be clear, I am not alleging sexual improprieties, though it wouldn’t surprise me if something like that had been going on based on Fr. Vlad’s descriptions of “wrestling” and time spent together in the middle of the night when JE had insomnia. This affection has more to do with details of particular gifts, favors to their biological families, and time spent together getting to know them and remembering the details they had told him later. Then when, later on, JE was displeased with them and shouted at them or corrected them, it cut all the more deeply. This is how he guaranteed the loyalty of key members and kept them inside even when they knew things were going on that violated their consciences and made them question. It was pure manipulation.
Of course, JE is never presented this way in Opus Dei. They talk about how much he had on his plate, trying to sort out a situation for Opus Dei within a Church that just “couldn’t understand” his idea for an organization of lay people. Oh, and the worries of all of his children fell squarely on his shoulders! Like the mother of a large and poor family! No wonder his “strong temper” was sometimes activated and he would yell at “his children”—it was their fault for not doing what he wanted, when he wanted, in the exact way he wanted. Of course he had to be strong with them! He was the father of a “large and poor family,” living in a marble-walled palace where other people provided for all of his material needs. With private rooms none could enter, unless particularly invited. (Imagine having that level of privacy and security in a center as an ordinary member, when anyone can enter without permission and you can be moved to another country at any moment!) Summering in England when it got too hot in Italy. Enjoying weekends in the countryside on the dime of his donors. Multiple luxury cars (with a full-time driver and caretaker) at his beck and call in the middle of Rome. Everywhere you go, they roll out the red carpet, with performances of songs and plays and anecdotes to entertain you. If you were really bored, you could just call up one of your favorite numeraries and ask them to come spend time with you. And they’d drop whatever they were doing, because a request from “The Father” is paramount.
When you look at him in this light, he starts to look eerily similar to…every other cult leader. Their organizations are always “misunderstood,” and that weighs so heavily on them. So heavily that everyone around them needs to help keep their spirits up, along with doing all the work of taking care of their needs and solving this big problem:
Keith Raniere, leader of NXIUM—so distraught with anyone who left that he’d sue them to ensure their bankruptcy and silence. It was so stressful for him, he’d spend hours lying on the couch while everyone around him scurried to work, and while major donors fell all over themselves to pay for his expenses. And they’d make him feel better by giving him massages, playing volleyball late into the night because it was his favorite thing, and organizing an entire week of essentially camp for adults in his honor. This is to say nothing of the sexual favors he was demanding of the women in his inner circle that most members were unaware of. But even if sex had been out of the picture, NXIUM was still a cult and Keith's control over his members was maintained through manipulation of his favorites with his time and attention. [To learn more: The Vow on Max, Seduced on Showtime, A Little Bit Culty podcast, several books from reporters and ex-members]
David Miscavage, head of Scientology—flying all over the world in multiple private jets, living in houses purchased with Scientology’s substantial funds and maintained by the “SeaOrg”—minions paid less than minimum wage to do the grunt work of maintaining Scientology’s properties. He hangs out with his favorite members (celebrities like Tom Cruise) and has an entourage who follow him around catering to his every whim, ensuring he always has his favorite foods and the best of everything on hand. [To learn more: Scientology and the Aftermath, the Fair Game podcast, testimonies of ex-members]
Rajneesh (aka Osho), leader of the Sannyasin movement—flew around on private jets, owned 93 Rolls Royces that ferried him around. Held audiences with members of his movements that look eerily similar to the films of JE, answering questions, giving guidance from on high. He would give his time and affection to those he favored, and set his followers up to compete for his affection. He lived a very comfortable life while his generals did his dirty work enforcing rules with his followers and strategizing against the residents of a small town in Oregon to make way for their cult's compound to flourish. [To learn more: Wild, Wild Country documentary]
There are more, but you get the idea. When JE is held up as a saint, we compare him to other saints. When he is held up next to other cult leaders, it’s clear who he has more in common with.

1. Biochambers - used for growing biological entities (who looked like human) to adult form in a green bubbly liquid. They look like tall glass tubes from floor to ceiling.
2. Incubators - used for growing babies to term. They look like translucent plastic eggs, they have a timer ding when ready, and the upper half of the egg opens on its own when gestation is complete.
3. Teleporters - used on the US "community ship" that orbits our planet around 10,000-20,000 km. Is used to teleport US employees (both civilian and military) to the ship each day. When you are going through the teleportation beam/stream, you can actually see everything as you move from Earth to the ship, ie. I saw the outside of the ship as I teleported into it (looks like a stone-structure, like Aztec pyramids).
4. Warp technology - used on a small shuttle piloted by ET greys (it fit the 3 of us), which travels through space at high speed but takes time to reach the destination. Not to be confused with teleportation technology, which can exit space-time and instantly teleport to a destination.
5. Telepathy - the ability to communicate in thought-blocks mind to mind, an instant and accurate method of communication without misunderstanding or error, which involves communicating concepts, memories, intentions, emotions, feelings in a split second (like a large download in one instant).
6. Telekinesis - in the astral realm just outside of our space-time realm, you can move objects with your mind from a distance, and you can manifest from the ether instantly as well (there is no time delay for thoughts to become realized as objects).
7. Large US "community" ship - used as a passport station for ETs visiting Earth. Has a docking capability where small ships must dock. Inhabited by US citizens and military (wearing navy blue general uniforms) who speak American-accent English. As well, inhabited by ETs including Greys. My interaction with this ship was in 2004, so they've been around for over 20 years now.
8. Saucer craft - operated by the ET Greys for biological tasks on humans. About 1200-2000 sqft on the inside (size is like a 3 bedroom apartment). White walls, ceiling, flooe, brightly lit. Walls curve into the floor and ceiling, one piece. Large window (or TV) that looks into space, could see Earth in the distance. You wake up on metal table. Humans standing in rows in white gowns half-asleep waiting to be sent back. The ships have biochamber and morgue rooms, as well as thr incubators I mentioned. The Greys communicate through telepathy.
9. Curved 3-D holographic monitors - they look like a curved 32" Samsung monitor, but they project a purple holographic form out of the monitor and into the center. This is used as an input device, you can touch the holograph with your hands and manipulate it. You can feel that the holograph has weight, size, and density. Like touching a real object, but it is completely computer generated.
10. Holographic t-shirts - I attended a fashion show where I saw a black graphic t-shirt (had like a large rectangular graphic on it). But the graphic projected a holographic animation like 15-25 cm in-front, with vivid colors (like the holographic monitor).
11. Limitless energy - not something I saw, but whatever powers that US "community" ship and the saucers is not coal, solar power, etc. Stands to reason there is a much more powerful source of green energy than solawind power, that is more stable and clean than nuclear.
12. Phase-shift technology - the ability for these ships to shift between our time-space dimension and the near-earth realm frequencies. These realms aren't completely physical or bound by gravity, they seem to be more based within the collective-consciousness (the one unity mind). These ships seem to have the ability to shift between realms on command, which allows them to disappear from view, but likely also related to how they teleport in space-time.
13. Cloak (clothing) - a material technology that absorbs all light, allowing one to visually disappear, causing a "shadow" effect (because light is sucked into the cloth and unable to reflect). Often worn by Reptilians and Greys while moving around Earth in person.
14. Time-bending technology - the ability to create a time vortex at a certain point in space, where if a camera is recording, the recorded video will show a missing period of time. Because at that coordinate, that moment in time did not exist. Likely caused by a teleportation technology failing and leaving a temporary rift. But could be indicative of a craft/being teleporting in-or-out. Could also indicate manipulation of the timelines by 5th dimensional beings (there seem to be keepers of the timelines who can re-adjust and even rewind and clean-up timelines).

TITLE : Molecular Biology of Cancer 5th Edition Mechanisms, Targets, and Therapeutics Fifth Edition by Lauren Pecorino Digital Textbook Ebook PDF Download Reddit
AUTHOR : Lauren Pecorino
EDITION : 5th Edition - Fifth Edition
PUBLISHER : Oxford University press
Feel free to message or Send me a chat request on Reddit / Discord / Email if you need the Textbook Pdf
Discord ID: textbookfinder#1311
Email id: [findmytextbookforme@gmail.com](mailto:findmytextbookforme@gmail.com)
Original Textbook Cover Photo: https://postimg.cc/PvTgj9Q0
Thank you :)

Hello, I had a hard time finding reviews for these UCSD extended studies courses (Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry, Medical Microbiology), so i figured I'd post here in case anyone is also looking for feedback.

Analytical Chemistry (CHEM-40004) Jacob Strain

• Graded material included: 4 Quizzes, midterm writing assignment, and Final
  • ungraded weekly discussions
  • Quizzes: open book/note, not timed, can open quiz questions and complete within a week. Don't have to complete quiz in 1 session
  • Midterm Writing Assignment: Based on a discussion post, Design an assay for something of your choice.
    • what analyte(s) have been chosen
    • the sample matrix (or matrices)
    • background information that conveys the importance of measuring this analyte(s) and states the application of testing (for example: clinical, environmental, etc.).
    • state what analytical technique you have selected to measure the analyte(s).
    • Determine if your test will be qualitative or quantitative.
    • cite literature sources
    • minimum word count of 300 words and maximum page length of two pages.
  • Final: multiple choice, true/false questions, fill in the black, interpretation of graphs, etc
• Final Course Grade: A-
• Format: Online asynchronous, recorded lectures & downloadable powerpoint slides
• Would take again: Yes
• Textbook: Yes
  • I used it for material that I didn't understand, but internet search would do
  • He asked questions from the text, but not many
  • Free book available: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Book%3A_Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)//)

Medical Microbiology (BIOL - 40367) Wilson, Jesse

• Graded material included: Weekly discussions, weekly quizzes, final, optional extra credit writing assignment
  • Weekly discussions: 1 post on lecture material, 1 response to a peer's post
    • 250 words, Journal references needed
  • weekly quizzes:
    • Multiple choice, true/false, diagnose symptomatic patient
    • 60 minute timed
    • open note/book, Unproctored
  • Final
    • similar to quizzes except on all material covered in course
  • Extra credit writing assignment
    • 1 page paper on topic of your choice
    • must be approved by instructor prior to writing
    • need journal sources
• Final Grade: B+
• Format: Online asynchronous, recorded lectures & downloadable powerpoint slides
• Would take again: Yes
  • very interesting course
  • alot of material covered
• Textbook: Yes
  • Did not use it, I used internet search
  • Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy 6th Edition by Robert Bauman ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0134832302; ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0134832302

Biochemistry (BIOL-40357) Dr. Anila Venable Madiraju

• Graded material included: Weekly discussions, weekly quizzes, final, optional extra credit writing assignments
  • Weekly discussions: 1 post on lecture material, 1 response to a peer's post
    • 250 words, Journal references needed
    • Pretty stern on grading these
  • weekly quizzes: Multiple choice, true/false, interpretation of graphs
    • Timed 60-min , unproctored
    • open book/note
  • Final: Have not taken yet
  • optional extra credit writing assignment
    • write one report on a topic related to biochemistry, topic must be approved by instructor
    • other extra credit opportunities available
• Final Grade: In process
  • B+ so far
  • Does not grade discussions right away, hard to tell how well I'm doing, I'm 5 weeks in and only 2 discussions have been graded
• Format: Online asynchronous, recorded lectures & downloadable powerpoint slides
• Would take again: not sure, I don't like that I don't know where I stand in the class right now due to the discussions (which is busy work, in my opinion)
• Textbook: Yes
  • Biochemistry: A Short Course, 4th Edition, by Tymoczko, Berg, Gatto, Stryer, ISBN 9781319114633
  • Have not used it so far, I use the internet

For background: I had already completed my B.S in Biology and was missing 5 prerequisites prior to applying for a CLS program. I took 1 class at a time as I work full-time, am in a relationship, and wanted to have a life outside of work and school. As of today, I have not applied to a program and am planning on taking Clinical Hematology & Immunology at UCSD, if you have any professor recommendations/information please feel free to share.

Was doing an assignment when this started happening Restart seems to fix it temporarily, don’t know if it will happen again The laptop is a lenovo slim 7i 14” model 14IHU5 purchased around 2 years ago, not a lot of physical trauma has been put on this device, although one of the hinge connectors have broken because it’s plastic and not built well There was also a problem where if I split screen if the mouse is not moving one of the side will go black, and when mouse is moving it renders properly This is the first time I see something this distorted

I might leave Reddit for a while because people here are completely different from other social media apps. I've never been so criticized and disrespected this much. I will probably come back because some people on Reddit are really nice and friendly but. If you don't mind I'll just vent a little.
I'm a huge Pokémon fan and I love exploring and discovering the biology of these fictional creatures. But every time I go and share my findings I'm bombarded by criticism and not one thing good about it. Like the effort I put into research, or at least the creativity.
There are more but this one goes way back. It was summer time and I was boiling. so I took off my shirt. The day before I finished building a dinosaur panorama. With real materials. I had to go to the woods to get sticks and vegetation, I had to go to the beach to get sand for the ground I had to paint the dinosaur model and assemble it all with glue. I proudly posted it on Reddit and tried to hide my body as much as I could. I'm not really proud of my looks. Then I've only got one comment about my exposed man boob nothing else I tried to dispute this but no use. I got criticised for not cropping a Google image perfectly, I got devoted on my art. I was messaged by a sex addict who kept sending po*n. I tried to make friends but got ignored because I don't have discord. And it keeps going and going. I have a disability that makes me unable to work. So I rarely get out of the house and don't have many friends. So I only talk to complete strangers online. But yesterday I was playing a game when there was a online event.then someone said hello to me. And I said hello back we didn't use chat only stickers but everyone was so nice and friendly. On YouTube as well I've got into a few arguments (mostly as a teenager) not never was disrespected like I was here. Other than that I don't use much social media. I tried to delete Reddit but I always download it again because of the things some people post and it helps when I have a question. But it always comes back to rudeness. Again I know I'm posting this on Reddit but some of you are really nice and do amazing things. Not everyone here is like that it's just that I've never been so criticized and disrespected in any other social media. I'm writing this because I want peace of mind. And I'm going on vacation for 3 days and I don't want Reddit to ruin this for me. Anyways thanks for reading this

[FOR] Promotional Review Committees and MedComm/Pharma Marketing Agency Professionals
FDA has published a new guidance for promotional labeling and advertising considerations for biologics. The guidance provides examples promotional communication for interchangeable biosimilar products and clarifications on postmarketing reporting requirements.

FDA Guidance for the Industry. Promotional Labeling and Advertising Considerations for Prescription Biological Reference and Biosimilar Products Questions and Answers. April 2024 [PDF]

Related: Rules for prescription drug advertising in the US, UK ABPI code for social media

I need advice on this situation. Partner of 8 years was trying to cheat or successfully cheating for pretty much our entire relationship. The last one only ended less than a year ago.
I found out on my own.
He always told me I was paranoid and controlling when I'd doubt that she was just his only friend.
He'd use triangulation a lot, telling me how natural it is to talk to her, how she's a 10/10, how he loved spending time with her, how good it makes him feel, etc.
She asked him to stop, it was making her uncomfortable. She only wanted a friend. He apologized to her. She stopped answering him.
I found his old phone too. Flirting with others, thousands and thousands of porn images and videos, creepshots of my sister and of his coworkers. The only creepshots I found all ended about a year ago. But I caught him deleting some (saw them in the trash in Google photos) and I didn't think at the time to restore them and get the dates they were taken.
He says he realized how bad it was and stopped. He says he didn't tell me anything because he felt bad, and then eventually because he forgot. He says the flirting with that girl and trying to make her his second woman felt like a loose end that he was stuck in, because it started back in college when he thought me going away would mean we'd break up. He says he was immature.
He let me download AirDroid and Truple and keep the old phone. He circumvented AirDroid and hid porn from me. I think he may have circumvented Truple too by just using a different device. He shows he's looking at therapists. He got this app Paired with me and was answering daily. He started using Youper daily to work through his emotions, and was keeping a journal in his phone notes.
At one point around when I first found out, he said "I don't think I could love you as much as you love me, and that makes me feel bad." He says now that he worded it wrong, he meant that he doesn't show me love the way he should and the way I do for him. I think he meant it and he's backpedaling. I think he had feelings for that girl too, he talked to her the same way he did me except kinder, friendlier, more supportive, more flirtatious, etc. than he ever was with me. He even shared the same memes, the same good night messages, offered advice and hugs, etc. He says he thinks he was love bombing her to get sex and to make me jealous, and he recognizes how awful that is now and he feels terrible.
I don't believe him. I don't believe anything he says, because he's lied for our entire relationship. But I want to believe him, because I really did love him so much.
I have always been trying to help him. He never opened up to me. I would clean his room, cook for him, bake for him, write poetry for him (he used to call it useless), draw art for him (he used to call it useless), alter my appearance for him (he wouldn't tell me what he wanted, just that I was a 3 or 4), learn all about the games he plays and the weapons he likes, get into all of his favorite movies and shows, give him sex whenever he wants, hold him and kiss him and compliment him every time we see each other, etc. i gave up friends he was jealous of, I left all my college friends behind.
I don't know what to do. I don't know if I can trust that he recognizes what he's done and that he wants to be better.
My adopted dad died and I don't know who to go to without him. I'm having a hard day at work and I don't know who to go to. My biological brother attempted to rape another woman and it reminded me of all his attempts when we were children and I don't know who to go to. I always went to him. And now I don't even trust that he cares. I may lose my job because I wasted the last month stalking him and arguing with him and working through it with him.
I can't possibly process everything that's happened recently. It's taken an Epsych trip, new therapy, YMCA visits, lots of screaming and crying, and even dropping so low as to try to hurt him, just to get to this point where I'm trying to separate from him. But he was still over last night. And he still has to come back for his toothbrush and things. His name is on the mortgage so even though he doesn't live there I know we're going to have to see each other more.
And some small part of me still wants to believe him and work this out.
Any advice is appreciated.

Left side page 1, right side page 2
More than 100 applications, only 6 interview at first. But for the last 5 months, there has been no positive feedback at all.

Hey yall! I was hoping to kinda rant a bit and get a new perspective/ advice (sorry abt all the spelling mistakes im lazy af)
I got accepted into both UCSC and UCR, and I don't know where to go and I'm in a complicated situation. I'm going to be on the pre-med track, but I don't want to be a doctor (strict asian parents haha). I've expressed my reasons for why I don't want to be pre-med but my parents told me that I can "either be premed or we will move back to asia." I really like biology/ stem, however being a doctor isn't something I'm particularly intrested in (the 10 year commitment, the debt for medical school, etc). To me, being a doctor is genuinely frightening which I think is a good indicator that I shouldn't waste 15+ years trying to achieve a goal I am clearly not intrested in. I'm open to explore my options in the pre-med path (dentist, nurse, PA etc), but I'm not 100% sure what I want to do with my degree, and I'm hoping that I can figure that out in college. I do think research/ biotechnology is something I'm interested in, but I genuinely don't have enough experience to gauge if that career path is the right one.
Initially, I REALLY liked UCR... like it was literally my top choice, but I started to reconsider it (heres why)....
My parents really want me to go to UCR because it's pretty underrated for pre-med students. Suprisingly like 280+ people per year from UCR get into a med school according to american medical association (https://www.aamc.org/media/9636/download?attachment). The biology program is solid and the pre-med oppurtunities are endless. However, most biology students at UCR go into pre-med and I don't see them going into any other field (which scares the crap outta me cause I don't wanna be bound into the pre-med path). Anyways, I loved how diverse UCR is, and the chill/sorta less competitive atmosphere (UCR folk are actually such nice people omg). I did visit the campus, and I fell in love with it. The surronding areas did kind of freak me out (lots of homeless people and people openly doing hard drugs), and it also freaked my parents out...So much so that my parents want to FUCKING MOVE to UCR if I do decide to commit there. They are under some notion that I'll go "crazy" (idk like party and do drugs ig which is so funny cause my defintiion of "going out" is browsing walmart with my friends) and become homeless if I study at UCR without their "guidance." Because of this, my parents want to buy a house/ rent an apartment or something and make me commute from home so they can keep tabs on me at all times. Another thing about UCR is that most of it's pre-med students go to UCR's Medical School, meaning that during my like 8+ years of medical school my parents are going to RIGHT BY MY SIDE 24/7..... which hell fucking no. Like imagine being like 25 and having your mommy drive you to your job (my parents are against me, a girl, getting my liscence because they worry that I'll sneak out and do drugs or something idk). Heres the thing, I understand that dorming is expensive and it's a privildve that my parents are willing to put me through college, but I really don't want to live with them any longer. College was supposed to be "my way out," and a way for me to find some shred of independence. I guess it's selfish that i'm thinking about my best intrests and not my parent's needs, so I feel really guilty for considering UCSC...
For UCSC, I know they have one of the best bioinformatic programs (I am considering minoring in bioinformatics if I go to ucsc), and most UCSC undergrads get absoutely sweet internships and research oppurtunties cause of it's proximity to silicon valley. I've also heard there are more job opprtunties with a bio degree at UCSC than one from UCR (if that's wrong PLEASE lmk why). Also, since UCSC is kinda more techy-focused I'm open to exploring biomedical engineering or biotechnology which are very viable career paths. Another bonus is that 2 of my friends from highschool are also going to UCSC (one for Cognitive Science and the other for MCDB). They both aren't going into pre-med (education/research), but they are willing to lie to my parents and say they are also doing pre-med to convince my parents to let me go to UCSC (they're already lowkey lying to their parents anyways and we are all asian so we cover each other's asses). I've known them for a while, and we all want to dorm together (we'd be pretty compatible as roomates). My parents haven't really been properly introduced to them yet (they're coming over this week), but I know that my parents will L O V E them. Another perk about UCSC is that my parents cannot move there cause rent is so high/ house prices are so high. My parents will live in Santa Clara, but it's so hard making the commute from Santa Clara to Santa Cruz (cause of highway 17) everyday that I know they'll let me dorm. Even if they want to visit me every so often, I literally do not care because it's better than actually living with them. Also, when we visited the campus my parents were absoutely huffing and puffing cause of the hills, so I know they're gonna be throughly deteared from visiting frequently. However, the house prices thing is a double edged sword because I've heard that UCSC has one of the WORST housing crisises and it's really deterring me (If I can't find a place to stay my second year I'll have no choice but to commute from Santa Clara). In addition to this, my 2 friends are both tryna transfer out of UCSC within their first-second year (I'm going to try to as well if they are gonna), and I'm kinda scared about being left alone. Another downside about UCSC is that my parents absoutely hate the weathe isolation (I'm cool with it though), and they hate the "hippy protesting culture" (which I think is absoutely stupid because theres literally protests going on at UW and UCLA and they aren't complaining about that). My parents have a generally negative perception about UCSC and It's going to be nearly impossible to convince them otherwise.
Heres the biggest downside (for my parents anyways): Only 150+ people per year get into a med school according american medical association (refer to the first link). My parents think its "sketchy" how so little people from UCSC go to medical school (They won't believe that people with biology degrees pursue research/ other fields because my parents think that the only thing you can possibly do with a biology degree is become a doctor???? My parents think that everyone with a STEM degree is aiming to be a doctor which like i know its stupid but idfk at this point lmao). My parents think theres something siniser going on at UCSC and theres something "wrong" with the school because of it's low med school rates?????? Like I genuinely cannot convince them otherwise. They really want me to be a doctor, and to them UCSC doesn't "help" with that (which is true cause there really isn't a pre-med pathway at ucsc). In my opnion, If I do choose to go the premed pathway and I sincerely am interested I should be successful no matter where I go (right????). At the moment, being a doctor isn't something I want to do, but if I choose to I can technically still achieve it from UCSC- itll just be a little bit harder in some aspects.
My parents think that going to UCR is a gaurenteed way to be a doctor, but I think thats a genuinely ridicoulous mindset...I just don't know how to tell them that. My parents have a generally overinflated view of how good UCR is cause my mother has some friend's whose kids go to UCR and are premed (those kids are the definition of perfect asian kids). My parents have yet to meet anyone who is from UCSC, and since they have no "data" it just gives them another reason to hate UCSC even more.
Anyways... I know in this post it seems like I want to go to UCSC, but I am still considering UCR (it's funny cause I keep flip flopping between the two schools). I just want some more opinions on what I should do, or if I can do anything.... I'm kinda stuck in a rock and a hard place at the moment and idk. I can't really rely on a "gut feeling" cause I keep flipping between UCR and UCSC like every fucking week.... At the end of the day, it's what my parents want, but I ain't going down without trying...