KPS Gill following the orders of Indian intelligence agencies was trying their best to control the narrative. Panjabi music is an important arm that forms the narrative.
Chamkila, Gurdas Mann type singers were popialrized and their akhaadas (concerts), many times were held deliberately around villages where human rights violations were taking place.
So when Indian newspapers would do propaganda against Sikhs that there is no police brutality going on and there is no Sikh genocide going on.
And during the time when Sikhs like Jaswant Singh Khalra, Bimal Kaur Khalsa and other human rights activists like Ram Narayan Kumar would travel the world to make people aware of the ongoing genocide.
India would use events like chamkila concerts and these type of concerts and events and say that the police is not killing Sikhs but freeing them from the clutches of an extremist cult of fundamentalists (khalistanis).
The visual illusion of drunk, crowds dancing and laughing in music concerts fooled many to fall into the trap that Indian state is the utopia for a "good life".
And the sad, desperate, tough life on the run (life of struggle) as a militant or as a Panjabi In militancy is dark and unpleasant.
All this helped unpopularize Panjabi freedom struggle and helped Indian State win the battle of narrative.
Chamkila was caught in the middle, a mere pawn (tool) for India in this battle of narratives.
Indian police killed Dilshad Akhtar, and 2-3 other Panjabi Singers who would sing songs for the resistance to liberate Panjabis.
One singer's tongue was cut off and the singer tortured before he was shot dead.
Kuldeep Manak, another prominent singer did not sell out and would perform songs encouraging Sikhs to fight tyranny and liberate themselves. Manak was also seen once on stage singing a duet with Bhai Gurjant Singh Budhsinghwala (4th Chief of KLF).

KPS Gill following the orders of Indian intelligence agencies was trying their best to control the narrative. Panjabi music is an important arm that forms the narrative.
Chamkila, Gurdas Mann type singers were popialrized and their akhaadas (concerts), many times were held deliberately around villages where human rights violations were taking place.
So when Indian newspapers would do propaganda against Sikhs that there is no police brutality going on and there is no Sikh genocide going on.
And during the time when Sikhs like Jaswant Singh Khalra, Bimal Kaur Khalsa and other human rights activists like Ram Narayan Kumar would travel the world to make people aware of the ongoing genocide.
India would use events like chamkila concerts and these type of concerts and events and say that the police is not killing Sikhs but freeing them from the clutches of an extremist cult of fundamentalists (khalistanis).
The visual illusion of drunk, crowds dancing and laughing in music concerts fooled many to fall into the trap that Indian state is the utopia for a "good life".
And the sad, desperate, tough life on the run (life of struggle) as a militant or as a Panjabi In militancy is dark and unpleasant.
All this helped unpopularize Panjabi freedom struggle and helped Indian State win the battle of narrative.
Chamkila was caught in the middle, a mere pawn (tool) for India in this battle of narratives.
Indian police killed Dilshad Akhtar, and 2-3 other Panjabi Singers who would sing songs for the resistance to liberate Panjabis.
One singer's tongue was cut off and the singer tortured before he was shot dead.
Kuldeep Manak, another prominent singer did not sell out and would perform songs encouraging Sikhs to fight tyranny and liberate themselves. Manak was also seen once on stage singing a duet with Bhai Gurjant Singh Budhsinghwala (4th Chief of KLF).

ARE INDIANS WILLING TO SURRENDER THEIR SANATAN RIGHTS?
(timeless rights)
It’s easy to take democracy for granted in India. As Indians we have had it for 77 years. Most of us have never known anything other than democracy. Most Indians will find it very difficult to relate to what it must be like growing up in China or Russia or pre-war Japan or the German third reich. What it is like to be deeply afraid to express your free opinions about anything and everything; what is it like to be spied on by your neighbours and friends for your views; what it is like to be denied basic redeeming rights to have a say - even a tiny fraction - in who rules over you.
In fact given how expressive and argumentative many Indians are - have been for aeons, giving birth to a host of dialectical schools thousands of years back - it’s difficult to imagine Indians without the Sanatan right to free opinions. No wonder the world’s first democracy existed in Vaishali (Bihar, India) 2,500 years ago. Free thinking and the centrality of objective truth was invoked again and again as divine.
असतो मा सद्गमय। तमसो मा ज्योतिर्गमय।
(Lead me from the untruth to truth. Lead me from the darkness to light of wisdom)
This is the reason why when every neighbour of India one by one relapsed to some form of dictatorship, we stood firm, recoiling even stronger post the ‘75-77 fiasco, as a democracy. India remains one of the rare lights among major developing countries even today on this.
Yet so much of this can’t be taken for granted. A democracy is what we make it as people. China also calls itself a democracy (with Chinese characteristics), so does Russia. So then what distinguishes a real sustained democracy from a mere ‘fig leaf’ one.
The quality and strength of a democracy rests on its institutions. The institutions in turn derive their resilience and relevance from the constitution, their own individual legacy and the type of moral reputation they enjoy among people. Given the constitution is often broad enough - rightfully so - to allow for a range of interpretations, a free media as the public memory and reputation builder becomes a critical condition for democracy.
One has to just zoom out from the last ten years of relentless WhatsApp brainfog to take in some alarming developments.
A. MEDIA AS THE MOUTHPIECE:
Professional Media (as against user-generated media it is typically expected to be well-researched and thoughtful) has never been as weak.
Rise of social media has dramatically diluted the power that professional media and editors enjoyed.
50% of ad spends are in digital media - almost all going to global search and social platforms, leaving indian newspapers and tv channels to fight for half the pie.
The share of gov ad budgets in professional media has become significant creating wrong incentives. And weakening media business model allowed non-media corporate interests to acquire much of the professional media, especially the news channels, and these interests in turn use them to stay in BJP’s good books.
This means that ability of a ruling regime with dictatorial tendencies to make media kowtow to its whims and fancies has increased dramatically.
Scores of proud editors have left these companies and created their own YouTube channels trying hard to get by and get their message out. If you write against BJP, you are on their crosshair and someday they will get you this way or that way no matter what. Little wonder that India’s rank in world press freedom index is now 161, behind Pakistan.
National household consumption survey data was suppressed as it showed uncomfortable truths. Census seems to have been canceled. The hostility to analytical criticisms seems pervasive.
BJP now runs probably the most formidable social media machine in the world with their WhatsApp networks and advocates penetrating the most intimate family, neighbourhood and alumni groups with industrial scale and efficiency. Truth is low, emotions are high, sometimes almost rabid. Dissent is pounced upon by social media lynch trolls systematically to discourage dissenters leaving no one to counter, but for the most tenacious and foolhardy.
Media in India is no more free. Most don’t even pretend. Truth is what BJP likes. Fake meets fact brazenly everyday. It’s scary. It should be.
B. JAIL FIRST, ASK LATER:
In the ten years of UPA gov, ED did 54% of raids on opposition politicians and 46% of raids on UPA ones. In ten years of Modi gov, 95% of ED raids are on the opposition politicians and 5% on ruling NDA.
Given there is little difference in corruption between UPA and NDA regimes, it points towards a deeply disturbing pattern. In fact while direct transfers thanks to UPA’s aadhar and NDA’s build on that has reduced leakage, we have had magical phenomenon like an industrialist going from about $1B to $150B in net worth in 7 years - quite unprecedented in global history. The most corrupt and venal opposition politicians regularly switch to BJP to win protection - Hemant V Sharma and Ajit Pawar being just the latest two in the list.
The fact that two sitting CMs are being kept in jail without bail on the pretext of investigation into certain charges is unprecedented. The fact that the accused turned approver in the excise case for Kejriwal donated 35 crores in electoral bonds to BJP before he - Sarat Reddy - turned an approver just shows the length to which NDA is willing to go to send a warning to all opposition leaders who don’t switch, or dare challenge their dominance. If wildly popular elected CMs (Delhi: 62 seats out of 70) can be thrown into jail without bail for ‘poochh tachh’ on some dubious charges, while election process is on, no one is really safe.
It’s easy to forget that NDA did not let the parliament function in last one year of UPA. Bills are passed without any debate. 147 opposition MPs were suspended in a single day last year. Unprecedented in the history of India.
The limits have been blurred and this pattern imperils some fundamental norms of democracy.
C. AN OFFICIAL EXTORTION MACHINE:
Electoral bonds - a new system brought by NDA - allow people and companies to donate big monies using an SBI bond. The buyer can buy the anonymous bond and pass it to a party or anyone who in turn can give it to a political party. Who really donated can be a secret, except to the doner.
Ruling party however via the public sector SBI can know who bought how much and they know who donated how much to them. So they also know who donated how much to opposition. Each bond even has a hidden code - something lied about in parliament by them earlier.
When electoral bond data was forced by Supreme Court to be made public, the true picture emerged. About 50% of the bonds went to BJP, rest to the opposition parties. Again and again a contract was awarded to a company right after big bonds were purchased by that company. Again and again a CBI/ tax/ ED raid happened and a big bond was purchased by the company right after to ostensibly “wash off” their sins.
The whole machine came across as a highly professional extortion machine. To be fair, companies buying favours from politicians is age old in India. What is new is the extreme hypocrisy around election funding - and the singling out of strong opposition leaders for attack - turning ED/CBI/Tax officials into hatchetmen. Thus, and this is destroying the credibility of these institutions for good.
$10-16B worth of spending is estimated to happen in the incoming elections - great majority of it by BJP. Wholesale buying of MLAs has happened in many states. No one knows where all that money is coming from. Congress accounts have been frozen for INR 15 lakhs in an old tax matter.
A chief election commissioner resigned just a few weeks before election process began. CJI is being kept out of new CEC appointment. An institution that Sheshan turned into a formidable moral axis is being pressured to turn into a lapdog.
D. DIVIDE AND RULE:
However, what gives these trends a particularly sinister backdrop, is the BJP’s Hindutva ideology. An ideology that thrives on hate against Muslims. It thrives on “divide and rule” - exactly as the British used for 250 years to conquer and colonise the country.
The lesson of India’s history is not that Hindus must hate Muslims, the lesson is each time we have been divided as a nation, foreign powers have prevailed upon us - whether it’s the Huns, the Mongols, the Afghans or the European colonizers.
तेजस्वी नावधीतमस्तु मा विद्विषावहे।
(May the brilliance of wisdom overcome hatred)
When growing up in 80s or 90s, neither the Hindus were under threat, nor the Muslims. Now after decades of brainwash telling Hindus they are under threat, well, both Hindus and Muslims feel they are under threat. This relentless poison of systematic lies and the fear of the ‘other’ - via WhatsApp and other media, has seeped deep into the society.
With rising affluence, the new middle class - now 1/3rd of the country - seeks to find a new identity, and BJP-RSS regime has filled that vacuum with the poison of age-old bigotry. Otherwise decent aunties and kind well-educated uncles are high on the opium of divisive religious zeal, bringing Indian society ironically closer to that of Pakistan. It’s bizarre as most BJP supporters love to gloat over Pakistan’s failings even as they often cite Pakistan to justify their bigotry. Bigots are best friends of bigots no matter what religion.
सर्वे भवन्तु सुखीनः। सर्वे संतु निरामयाह।
(May ALL be happy. May ALL be healthy)
It’s also ironical that Hindu dharma, whose greatest beauty lies in its open architecture open source forever evolving syncretic agility - a quality that makes it probably the oldest surviving major religion, yet made for the future of humanity - is being weaponised into a narrow monolithic religio-political cult.
It is highly plausible that in the ongoing general elections, if BJP scores a much stronger mandate, they will ramp up the “religious war” to next level - by further excluding Muslims from the mainstream (not 1 out of 303 BJP MPs is a Muslim). They may even seek to destroy whatever is left of the opposition with an unimaginable impunity (Haren Pandya was bumped off by hired murderers in Gujarat). It’s possible their reference system here is Russia and China rather than US or Europe.
Some may draw parallels with Indira Gandhi’s ‘75-77 emergency period. But this time I imagine it to be very different. There will be no declared emergency. Indira was arguably rash and clumsy in this matter. And though she was no saint like her father Nehru (her own words), she could only go so far in shaming her beloved father. There was no social media eco-chamber then. And the hyper-capitalists by and large hated her. Much of India then was “media dark” too - and a lot more difficult to control. Many venerated freedom fighters with immense moral power, like JP, were still around to take her on.
The systematic subversion and subjugation of every constitutional body, this time, is happening a lot more thoroughly and rigorously. And a lot of it is irreversible. Institutions take a really long time to build but can be destroyed quite swiftly.
E. BUT INDIANS NEED A BULLY AS A LEADER:
Many Indians sort of in a “deal with the devil” way have accepted the trade between the regime’s bigotry and India’s progress. There is an assumption you can’t have both Hindu-Muslim love and progress. This is complete bunkum. Both are very much possible.
People say Yogi fixed UP’s criminals. People forget Nitish fixed Bihar’s criminals within six months without ever spewing poison from the podiums. You just need political will, need to put the right people on the job and let them do their thing.
People say development and a chaotic indian society needs a firm, heavy hand. Firm yes, heavy no. UPA delivered a higher 7.5% average GDP growth over 10 years despite deep recession and steep oil prices (and without make-up and photo shoots five times a day). India’s boldest reform budgets happened under 90s’ coalitions.
And all this while keeping debt to GDP ratio at about 65% vs about 85% now (IMF has issued a warning). And yes with larger GDP base and so much extra debt one is likely to see tons of more highways being built - but let’s not forget India’s first great metros, airports and highways were built by UPA (and Atal ji built golden quadrilateral before that).
In the last decade, unemployment has worsened further with net loss of industrial jobs - surprisingly regressive for a fast growing economy. Rural wages (40% of indian workers are in farm sector) that went from $3 per day to $4.8 per day in UPA decade has stayed flat.
Per capita GDP post inflation grew only 4.3% vs UPA’s 6.2%. INR has lost about 1/3rd of its value. All these have added up to widening the inequality further. Only saving grace being the inflation levels here.
And let’s not forget the stock markets which went from about 20k to 70K in last ten years - 3.5 times - but it went from about 4K to 20k in UPA’s ten years - 5 times.
Public memory is short, especially when brainwash is overwhelming. Objectivity is an unnecessary inconvenience in the age of social media.
F. BUT HE HAS RAISED INDIA’s STATURE SINGLE-HANDEDLY
Many say India’s stature has risen in the world. Indeed it has. It has been rising consistently with economic growth over last three decades. (And Modi ji has nothing to do with Satya Nadella’s success).
US-China decoupling and the new Cold War has suddenly put India on the right side of history. Global south is a concept from 50s - they called it NAM then. And Nehru actually Co-founded it with Ata Turk, Nasser and Sukarno. G20 is a rotating presidency - everybody gets a year - India swapped its year with Indonesia. And those NRI rock shows in Central Park or Texas stadium mean nothing beyond propaganda to impress Indians - only Indians - that ‘look, even America loves Modi’.
US loves Modi ji only as much as they love India - no more and no less (it may be less as they are aware of the 2002 shame and his impatience with media freedom). For all the current bravado, it’s easy to forget that BJP moved a no-confidence motion on UPA gov for signing the US-India nuclear deal, just about ten years back. That deal is the foundation on which the new US-India reality is being crafted.
And let’s not forget Xi, who Modi ji would often in parliament address as “my friend Xi Jinping” (and took him to his village to sit on a swing together). Xi took Modi ji for a mega ride not unlike Nehru-Mao experience, atleast qualitatively speaking. There was talk of India+ factor, plus standing for Modi’s “my friend” relations with Xi. It was so tough for him to accept that betrayal that in his first statement in parliament post Ladakh incursion, Modi ji denied there was any incursion into Indian lands, quickly u-turning after.
China has still not vacated and the sacred piece of land that in ‘62 Maj Shaitan Singh PVC and his 13 Kumaon made the ultimate sacrifices to the last round for, is now in the buffer zone for first time in history.
We have in the last decade lost a lot of plot in Nepal (blockade was a disastrous move); Maldives (open threat is rarely good diplomacy) and Bhutan (China keeps building roads deeper into Bhutan pre and post Doklam). Sri Lanka and Bangladesh are near status quo - and thank god for that.
Modi ji has done a good job with Pakistan in my assessment. He has been lucky though, for Pakistan, post Osama has less utility for US, and his gov managed to successfully manoeuvre change of status quo in Kashmir. Of course the “Aksai chin bhi lenge” bravado may just have been the trigger for Ladakh.
G. BUT HE IS DOING SO MUCH FOR THE POOR:
Toilets and med insurance for the poor are excellent schemes by the regime, no doubt.
Digital India is being erected on aadhaar which Modi ji called a national security issue in 2014. Soon after winning, he re-branded UPA’s 25 million BSBDA bank accounts as Jan Dhan basis the same Aadhaar vision (which is ramped up to 500 million now and is great).
GST was a necessary and decisive move by the government, even if clumsily rolled-out. Women’s reservation bill, a congress baby, which Sonia and UPA tried hard to push through, is finally done.
Triple Talaaq bill is progressive, but why is there no talk about giving the superior divorce and inheritence rights to Hindu women as Muslim women enjoy. And why not allow Muslims to enjoy the tax benefits that Hindu HUF structure offers.
Demonetisation was a PR stunt. A long and painful one. It broke the back of millions of small businesses. It was never supposed to eliminate black money. More than 99% of notes found their way back to RBI. Indians keep bulk of their black money in benami properties and off shore accounts. You just have to take a glance at the top source countries for FDI into India to know where round-tripped white-washed money comes from. For all the Hindenburg research, the whole matter was summarily suppressed.
Covid handling went from clumsy to getting there to outright complacent right before delta (resolution in parliament to congratulate PM’s supreme victory et al) to finally getting our act together.
In a country that ranks 156 on per capita income, the regime has the gall to declare ‘Amrit Kaal’. In a country that hasn’t produced a single Nobel winning citizen in a long long time - except Kailash Satyarthi for peace prize - and cattles roam gov schools, declaring we have become ‘Vishwaguru’ can only be done by a delusional semi-literate (albeit brilliant in his own right, no doubt).
H. WHO, IF NOT MODI?!:
Many argue, what’s the choice then after all. (Typical reaction: so then Rahul Gandhi?! - and the rhetorical question comes with the rejection built in.)
I think there are many options. BJP itself is not all that bad. Within BJP there are leaders who will make much better PMs - Nitin Gadkari, Rajnath Singh, Shivraj Singh Chauhan, even S. Jaishankar. If they are allowed to raise their profile.
A victory for opposition doesn’t have to result in Rahul Gandhi as PM. It could be Tharoor, or Chidambaram or Nitish or Kharge. Or someone else (before 2002 riots in Gujarat, no one knew who Modi ji was. Before they started obsessively putting out photos of Modi Ji’s Gujarat model - Ahmedabad much before him had been among the most developed cities in India - no one knew Modi ji had anything to do with development - not even Gujaratis. There certainly are real good candidates out there. In any case, it’s better to be roughly right than be precisely wrong.
A country of 1.5B people, which no less than 8 PMs and presidents around the world and dozens of global CEOs call their origin, will always have ample good candidates.
If only they are allowed to emerge. And they will emerge if the seemingly unstoppable BJP momentum slows down. If BJP gets even 270 seats instead of 303 currently (and much lower than the targeted 370) - it will expose the limitations of ModiShahi. It will make RSS, coalition partners and BJP leaders rethink and reconsider.
A lot of BJP leaders while happy to get the extra Modi factor of 5-10% votes to win (if they win it’s Modi, if they lose it’s them) - with extreme centralisation of power in the PMO, they feel more like employees than leaders with a will and agency of their own. So when revolt happens, like all repressed regimes, it will happen very quickly.
All said and done, last GE 37% of votes went to BJP. The other 63% went against it. Not all Indians for whatever reasons are on social media or listen to the frequently nauseating news channels ad nauseum. Thank heavens for that. Modi for them is “as actualised” rather than “as projected”.
Our illiterates and ignorants may after all remain the ones to keep their wisdom and redeem India’s soul, our Sanatan adhikaar to people’s will and agency.
- Prashant K Umaputra

So, I've been trying to combine all the northern indian culture groups into one big one, and I ended up throwing them together in the cultures text file. When I load up the game, nothing changes and all the separate groups are still there. What am I doing wrong?

aryan = { graphical_culture = indiangfx assamese = { primary = KMR dynasty_names = { "Khen" "Nagas" "Chutiya" "Raikat" "Koch" "Sutiya" "Kachari" "Barobhyan" } male_names = { Balavarman Bhaskarvarman Bhattamahabahu Bhutivarman Birapala Brahmapala Chandramukhavarman Dharmapala Ganapativarman Gopala Harjjaravarman Harshadeva Harshapala Harshavarman Indrapala Jayamala Jayapala Kalyanavarman Kumarapala Mahendravarman Narayanavarman Pralambha Purandelapala Pushyavarman Ratnadhwajpala Ratnapala Salasthamba Samudravarman Sthitavarman Supratisthitavarman Susthitavarman Timgyadeva Tyagasimha Ummoka Vanamalavarmadeva Vigrahastambha Vijaya Virabahu } female_names = { Ahiavadevi Bhogavati Dattadevi Devavati Durlabha Gandharavati Kuladevi Nayanadevi Ratnavati Suvrata Syamadevi Vasumati Vijnanavati Vijnayavati Yajiyavati Yajnavati } } bengali = { primary = BNG dynasty_names = { "Ilyas Shahi" "Ganesha" "Hussein Shahi" "Najafi" "Afshari" "Nasiri" "Karrani" # CKII "Sur" } male_names = { "Sikandar" "Sher" "Ala-ud-Din Firuz" "Rukn ad-Din Barbak" "Jalal ad-Din Fateh" "Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud" "Nasir ad-Din Nasrat" "Jalaluddin Mohammed" "Islam" "Mirza Muhammad" "Shams-ud-Din Yusuf" "Shams-ud-Din Ahmad" "Shams-ud-Din Muhammad" "Mir Muhammad Ja'far" "Shihab-ud-Din Bayazid" "Mir Qasim 'Ali" "Sayf-ud-Din Hamza" "Ghiyasuddin Azam" "Ghiyasuddin Mahmud" "Ghiyat ad-Din Bahadur" "Ghiyat ad-Din Jalal" "Da'ud" "Sulayman" "Murshid Quli" "Shuja' ad-Din Muhammad" "Azam" "Ahmad" "Abu Nasr" "Barbak" "Farid" "Yusuf" "Husain" "Firuz" "Nasrat" "Fateh" "Bayazid" "Nasir" "Ghiyasuddin" "Mirza" "Raja" "Hamza" Amritnarayan Balabhata Balinarayan Ballalsen Basudevnayaran Bhagadatta Bhairabendranarayan Bhatta Bhavashankari Bhimsingha Birnayaran Chandrasen Chandranarayan Chaturanan Chilarai Danujmadhava Dasharathadeva Devakhadga Devapala Devendranarayan Dhairjendranayaran Dharendranarayan Dharmapala Dhirsingha Gajnarayan Gopala Govindachandra Govindapala Hajo Harendranarayan Haridevnarayan Hariyamandal Hemantasen Indranarayan Jadu Jagaddipendranarayan Jatakhadga Jayanarayan Jayapala Jitendranarayan Kalyanachandra Kamalnarayan Keshabsen Khadgodyama Krishanmishra Krishnaroy Kumarapala Kumudnarayan Ladahachandra Lakshmansen Lakshmichandra Lakshminarayan Lomapada Madanapala Mahendrapala Mahendrasingha Mahindranarayan Mahipala Manava Mukundanarayan Naranarayan Narasingha Narayanapala Narendranarayan Nayapala Nripendranarayan Parikshitnayaran Prananarayan Prannath Pratapnarayan Pratapnarayanroy Pushkaranadhipa Raghudev Rajabhata Rajadinaj Rajaganesha Rajendranarayan Rajrajendranarayan Rajyapala Ramapala Ramnath Ranasura Ranjitsingha Roopnarayan Rudranarayan Samudrasen Shanibhangar Shashanka Shivanarayan Shivendranarayan Shukladhwaj Shurapala Srichandra Srimanta Subarnachandra Sukhdev Suryanarayan Traillokyachandra Udirnakhadga Uditanarayan Upendranayaran Vakapala Vapyata Vigrahapala Vijaynarayan Vijaysen Vijaysingha Virajdendranarayan Vishwarupsen Vishwasingha "Bhairav Singh" "Bhavesh" "Bhogishwar" "Dev Singh" "Dhir Singh" Dhireshwar "Ganeshwar Singh" "Gang Dev" Harasimhadeva "Hari Singh" "Hemant Sen" "Kameshwar" "Kirti Singh" Jyotirishwar "Laxman Sen" "Laxminath Singh Dev" Madanpal "Nanya Dev" "Nar Singh" "Narsingh Dev" "Padma Singh" "Rambhadra Singh Dev" Rameshwar "Samant Sen" "Shakrasingh Dev" "Shiv Singh" "Vallal Sen" "Vijay Sen" Agnimitra Andhraka Ayus Bhagabhadra Bhikhari Bhumimitra Devabhuti Ghosha Gopal Govindapal Khsetravridha Maharshi Mahendra Maurayadhwaj Narayana Pulindaka Pusyamitra Sahtiya Susarman Vajramitra Vasudeva Vasujyeshtha Vasumitra } female_names = { Amrapali Amritakala Asima Bhavashankari Bishwas Bhogavati Bibibai Dattadevi Devavati Devi Ahiylya Gandharavati "Malika Bibi" "Sharat" "Kamala" Gayatri Himadrija Hira Jira Kanchani Mahendrani Malavyadevi Nayanadevi Rani Ratnadevi Suvrata Syamadevi Vijnayavati Vina Yajnavati } } bihari = { primary = TRT dynasty_names = { "Sugauna" "Sharqi" "Suri" "Oinwara" } male_names = { "Shiv Singh" "Padma Singh" "Hari Singh" "Nar Singh" "Dhir Singh" "Bhairav Singh" "Rambhadra Singh" "Laxminath Singh" } female_names = { "Bishwas Devi" "Bhanumati" "Sharat" Amrapali Amritakala Asima Bhavashankari Bishwas Bhogavati Bibibai Dattadevi Devavati Devi Ahiylya Gandharavati "Malika Bibi" "Kamala" } } oriya = { primary = ORI } garjati = { primary = GRJ dynasty_names = { "Nagavamsi" "Sankara" "Bhuyavamsha" "Gangabansi" "Bhanja" "Karan" "Keshari" "Suryavanshi" "Baghal" } male_names = { "Haria" "Jugasai" "Pratapnayan" "Harirudra" "Anku" "Raghunath" "Biswambhar" "Raisingh" "Dusmant" "Pratap Deo" "Padman" "Khadag Rai" "Yuvaraj" "Birabar" "Harichandra" "Gopinath" "Raghuraj" "Bishwanath" "Rai" "Sunder" "Krishna" "Barman" "Biwarta" "Jagannath" "Narayana" "Bebarta" "Chandra" "Damodar" "Jadunath" "Pradeep" } female_names = { "Giriraj" "Suratarangini Devi" "Malavika Devi" } } avadhi = { primary = ODH dynasty_names = { "ud Daula" "Awadhi" "Chand" "Bundela" "Malikzada" "Tomara" "Raghuvansi" "Parmari" } male_names = { "Muhammad Sa'adat Khan" "Muhammad Safdar Jang" "Shujah ad-Daula" "Asaf ad-Daula" "Wazir 'Ali" "Sa'adat 'Ali Khan" "Ghazi ud-Din Haidar" "Saadat" "Safdarjung" "Hyder" "Birjis Qadra" "Ali" "Alauddin" "Bhi" "Malik" "Narendra" "Bismillah" "Obaid" "Iqbal" } female_names = { "Hazrat Mahal" "Farzana" "Fakhr-un-Nisa" } } kanauji = { #Hindvi primary = DLH dynasty_names = { "Tughluq" "Lodi" "Khilji" } male_names = { "Nusrat" "Sayyid Khidr" "Daulat Khan" "Khidr Khan" "Mubarrak Shah" "Mohammed Shah" "Aladdin Alam Shah" "Bahlûl" "Saikander" "Ibrahim" "Sher" "Islam Shah" "Saadat" "Safdarjung" "Hyder" "Birjis Qadra" "Ali" "Iqbal" "Alauddin" "Bhi" "Malik" "Narendra" "Bismillah" "Obaid" "Hemu" "Ghazi" } female_names = { "Raziyya" "Bahar" "Roshanara" "Fakhr-un-Nisa" } } vindhyan = { #Bundeli primary = BND dynasty_names = { Baghela Malikzada Bundela Tomara Karkare Newalkar } } bagheli = { primary = BGL dynasty_names = { Baghela Malikzada Bundela Tomara Karkare Newalkar } } jharkhandi = { #Chhattisgarhi primary = RTT dynasty_names = { Baghela Malikzada Bundela Tomara Karkare Newalkar } } panjabi = { primary = PUN dynasty_names = { "Kohkkar" "Gakhkhar" "Phulkian" "Bhullara" "Dhaliwala" "Sandhawalia" "Ahluwalia" "Langa" "Mirrani" "Abbasi" "Janda" "Jhuti" "Kahlon" "Banu Sama" } male_names = { "Jassa Ahuwalia" "Lahina" "Bhag" "Duleep" "Maha" "Sobha" "Narnak" "Ram" "Arjan" "Rai" "Krishan" "Bahadur" "Sardar Badar" "Balbir" "Bhalla" "Daya" "Gahunia" "Gian" "Nihang " "Granth" "Bhai Bachittar" "Himmat" "Hoora" "Ishnar" "Jhol" "Jhotti" "Mokham" "Nand" "Parmanand" "Rajsingh" "Sanlib" "Sardul" "Shabeg" "Shergill" "Sodhi" "Sohal" "Tara" "Udasi" "Lohaar" "Dharem" "Fakir" Ranjor Ajit Amar "Amar Dasi" Amir Angad Arjun Atar Basawa Bhagwant Bhaimani Budh Chand Charat Damodar Dasu Datu Dayaram Didar Farid Fateh Gobind Gurdita Hargobind Hari "Har Krishan" "Har Rai" "Jai Ram" Jetha Jujhar Kalyan Kapur Kehar Kharak Khushal Lahna Lakhmichand Laxman Mahadev Mohan Mohri Nanak Narayan Nodha Partap Pheru Prithichand Prithvi "Ram Rai" Ranjit Sahdev Shamsher Sher Srichand "Tegh Bahadur" "Tej Bhan" Thakur Zorawar } female_names = { Amro Anokhi Anup Begum Bhani Dani Gujri Jodhabai Khivi Kishan Lachmi Nanaki Nihal Ramo Sabhirai Sahib Sulakhni Sundari Tripta "Chand Kaur" "Ratan Kaur" "Kanwal Kaur" "Datar Kaur" "Nand Kaur" "Mahtab" } } sindhi = { primary = SND dynasty_names = { "Samma" "Kalhora" "Soomra" # CKII "Ghanshani" "Doolani" "Khetpal" "Lohi" "Notani" "Sawai" "Bhambhani" } male_names = { "Fath Khan" "Tughluq" "Nizam ad-Din" "Furuz Salah ad-Din" "Shah Shuja' Beg" "Nanda" "Shah Husayn" "Mirza Muhammad 'Isa" "Mirza Muhammad Baqi" "Mirza Jani Beg" "Yar Muhammad Khan" "Muhammad Murad" "Gulam Shah" "Sarfaraz Khan" "Gulam Nabi Khan" "'Abd an-Nabi Khan" "'Abd Allah Khan Talpur" "Mir Fath Ali" "Thara" "Mohammed 'Isa" "Mohammed Baqi" "Nur Mahammad" "Mohammad" "Muzzafar" "Ali" "Khalil" "Bhenji" "Hamirji" "Bhav" "Natwar" "Sidhraj" "Ghulam" "Hussain" Abdullah Abdurrashid Abdurrahman Alauddin "Ali Sher" Amar Arnel Asamuddin Aziz Banhbina Bhungar "Bhungar Rao" Chanesar Doda "Dadu Phattu" "Dalu Rai" "Deva Rai" "Fateh Khan" Feruzuddin Genhra Hafif Khafif Hamir Ismail Junah Kahah Karan Khaira Khinrah Mahmud Mubarak Muhammad Muhammed-Tur Munzir Nangar Nizamuddin Pahtu Punhun Raidhan Sabar Salahuddin Sanghar Sanjar Shahabuddin Sikandar Sumrah Syed Tai Tamachi Taghlak Umar Unar } female_names = { Bhagi Hamide Himu Sad Tari "Zainab Tari" "Noor" "Chaguli" "Khair" } } kashmiri = { primary = KSH dynasty_names = { "Shah Miri" "Sayyidi" "Mirrani" #CK2 "Ladakhi" } male_names = { "Sikandar" "Ali Shah" "Zayn al-'Abidin" "Haydar Shah" "Hasan Shah" "Muhammad Shah" "Sayyid Hassan" "Fath Shah" "Ibrahim Shah" "Nazuk Shah" "Shams ad-Din" "Ismail Shah" "Ghazi Shah" "Husayn Shah" "Yusuf Shah" "Lohir Shah" "Nabib Shah" "Ya'qub Shah" "Ibrahim" "Hassan" "Nazuk" "Yusuf" "Ya'qub" "Muhammad" "Ali" "Ismail" "Gulab" "Ranbir" "Hari" "Pratap" "Kishore" "Zorawar" "Jonaraja" "Prajna" "Hamza" } female_names = { "Kota" "Sibaia" "Tara Devi" } } pahari = { primary = GHR dynasty_names = { Chand Parmar Prakash Katoch } } nepali = { primary = NPL dynasty_names = { "Malla" "Ghorka" Limbu } male_names = { Jayajyotimalla Jayayakshamalla Ratmamalla Suryamalla Amaramalla Narendramalla Mahendramalla Sadashivamalla Shivasimhamalla Lakshminarasimhamalla Pratapamalla Jayanripendramalla Parthivendramalla Bhupendramalla Bhaskaramalla Mahendrasimhamalla Jayaprakasamalla Bhimsen Amar Singh Ranjur Bhakti } female_names = { Devaladevi Kaushalyawati Rajendralakshmi Maiya Nanu Nani Maya Pragya Anu Chameli Nirmala Anushka Sarmila Komal Rita Kamala Goma Srijana Bhawana Pramila Saraswati Laxmi Ganga Radha Radhika Krishna Bishnu Sarita Kalpana Shanti Aayusha Ramita Gita Sita Sangita Mira Ranjita Ranju Manju Punam Maili Kaili Saili Jamuna Shova Pratiksha Sanjila Anita Nilam Nira Urmila Kopila Pavitra Iswari Khusbhu Rina Junu Tika Kali Rasmi Rupa Puja Aarati Mankumari Dhankumari Bechani Mangita Uru Lalita Rekha Prabha Shushila Laila Renu Muna Amrita Seti Gauri Kaushilya Rama Madhu Madhurima Renuka Chandrakala Fulkumari Indrakala Sabitri Archana Kamana Puspa Putali Suntali Dipa Ambika Dipshika Sabita Suravi Ramabati Mainabati Kabita Champa Kusum Rampyari } } gujarati = { primary = GUJ dynasty_names = { "Muzaffarid" "Ahmad Shahi" "Vadher" "Babi" "Rawal" "Jadeja" "Calukya" "Bhil" "Kathi" } } parsi = { dynasty_names = { "Vakil" "Wadia" "Pithawala" "Subedar" "Sanjana" "Surti" "Bulsara" "Damania" "Gandhi" "Marzban" "Jejeebhoy" "Tata" } } saurashtri = { primary = CMP dynasty_names = { "Yadava" "Gohil" "Vadher" "Babi" "Rawal" "Jadeja" "Calukya" "Bhil" "Kathi" } } marathi = { primary = MAR dynasty_names = { "Bhonsle" "Gaikwar" "Bhat" "Sindhia" "Koli" "Sinda" "Kamadeva" "Gaitonde" "Malviya" "Ruddha" } male_names = { Shambaji Sahuji Baji Rao Madhu Narayan Ragunath Pratap Singh Firangoji Kanhoji Netaji Prabhu Suryaji Tanaji Chimaji Ranoji Malhar Haripant Abaji Amutrao Bahadur Bahiroji Balaji Bajirao Chimnaji Dattaji Daulatrao Dhanaji Dhondu Ekoji Fatehsinh Gopalrao Hambirao Harirao Jayajirao Jayappa Janakappa Jivajirao Khanderao Krishnarao Madhavrao Mahadji Malerao Malharrao Mankoji Martandrao Moropant Murarirao Nanasaheb Narayanrao Pandurangrao Pratapsinh Raghunathrao Rajaram Ramaswami Ramchandrapant Ramshastri Ranojirao Sadashivrao Sambhaji Sayajirao Serfoji Shahuji Shivaji Shivajirao Tryambakrao Tukkoji Tukojirao Tulojirao Venkatrao Vishwanathpant Yashwantrao Adityavarman Aiyaparaja Anantadeva Aparaditya Aparajita Arikesarin Arthapathi Avasara Bhavadatta Bhima Bhoja Bijjala Chandra Chandraditya Chhadvaideva Chhittaraja Daharasena Dhammayira Gandaraditya Goggiraja Gonka Guhala Guhalladeva Haripaladeva Indradatta Indraraja Jatiga Jayakeshi Jhanjha Kamadeva Kapardin Keshideva Kirtiraja Mallikarjuna Marsimha Mummuniraja Nagarjuna Nagavarma Naivarman Pullashakti Rattaraja Sanaphulla Shashthadeva Shivachitta Skandavarman Soddhala Someshvara Sovideva Suketuvarman Taila Tejahkantha Vappuvanna Vijayaditya Viravarmadeva Vishnuchitta Vyaghrasena } female_names = { Ahilyabai Ambikabai Anandibai Anubai Bhiubai Deepabai Durgabai Gangabai Gunvantibai Jankibai Jijibai Kamlabai Kashibai Laxmibai Mahadik Mastani Putalabai Rajasbai Rajkunvarbai Ramabai Ranubai Saibai Sagunabai Sakavaarbai Sayeebai Sujanbai Yesubai Anjanibai Anuradha Durga Kamadevi Kamaladevi Kesarbai Kishori Kundaladevi Lasthiyavva Maya Mogubai Radhabai Radhika Shevanti Shudhamati Sovidevi Sudha Sumati Sunita Tarabai Soyarabai Tukabai } } rajput = { primary = MER dynasty_names = { "Sisodiya" "Faruqi" "Rastraudha" "Solanki" "Khan Zada" "Kachwaha" "Satnami" "Rathore" "Hada" "Chauhan" "Holkar" "Qadirid" "Shaja'atid" "Khalji" "Tomara" "Jadeja" "Khirwara" "Nauhwara" "Sinsiniwar" "Balhara" "Panwara" "Panwar" "Bargujar" "Guhilot" "Dahiya" "Chandela" "Pathan" "Vaghela" "Pragvata" "Somavansha" "Adityavansha" "Chandravansha" "Suryavansha" "Samma" "Chudasama" "Bhatti" "Sanchore" "Gujar" "Chhinda" } male_names = { "Udai Singh" "Amar Singh" "Lakha" "Mokal" "Kumbha" "Raimal" "Sangha" "Ratan Singh" "Vikramaditya Mahthan" "Pratap Singh" "Karan" "Jagat Singh" "Raj Singh" "Jay Singh" "Sangrama Singh" "Ari Singh" "Hammir" "Bhim Singh" "Baz" "Kumbhakarna" "Natwar" "Ratan" "Jhala" "Hakim" "Sidhraj" "Raj" "Jai" "Sangram" "Sejakji" "Dilip" "Kshetra" "Nath" "Viram" "Baiji Lal" "Jawan" "Bhawani" "Naryan" "Krishna" "Ballu" Achalraj Achalraja Adhandev Adityadeva Ajmal Alsi Amir Anangpal Anangpala Anuppal Anupapala "Apara Gangeya" Arjunpal Arjunpala Arjunavarman Bacchdev Bachraj Baghpal Baghpala Bahadur-Singh Beejpal Beejpala Bhaadar Bhilpala Bhoj Bhojavarman Bhopal Bhumpal Bhumpala Birpal Birpala Bisaldeva Brahmadeva Brahmapala Brahmdevpal Chand Devapala Devavarman Dhangadeva Dhanga Dharmapala Dhaulshaya Dilippal Dilipapala Doth Draupad Draupada Dugarendra Gambhir Ganapatideva Gandadeva Gangeya Ghatamdeva Gopal Govindachandra Govindapala Govindraj Hamir Hammiravarman Harpal Harshapala Harsa Hirapal Hirapala Indrapal Indrapala Ishtpala Jaganpal Jaganpala Jagatpal Jagatpala Jagdev Jagdeva Jaidas Jaipal Jaspal Jasapala Jatanpal Jatanpala Jayapala Jayasakti Jayasimha Jhetpal Jhetpala Junpala Kailaspal Kailaspala Kalkurna Kalyanachandra Kakhopal Kakhopala Kamal Kanhad Kanvarpal Kanvarpala Karnpal Keeratdeva Khadag Khetrapal Khetrapala Kiratpal Kiratpala Krishnray Krsnapa Kumarapala Kunwarpal Kunwar Ladahachandra Lakshmandeva Lokpala Madanapala Madanavarman Maharana Mahendrapal Mahipal Mahipata Mahlakadeva Mandandeva Mangaldeva Margdeva Mihira Nagapala Nagdeo Nannuka Naravarman Narayanapala Narpal Nayapala Nihaal Nihalray Paramardideva Pavak Peepalraj Popatraj Pritampal Pritampala Prithipala Prithvi Prithviraj Prithvivarman Rahila Rajapala Rajyapala Ramabhadra Ramachandra Rampal Rampala Rana Rangraj Rangraja Ratnapala Rijhpala Roshandeva Salivaahan Sallaksanavarman Saugandeva Shurapala Sisupal Sisupala Sohanpal Somasi Someshvara Sonpal Sonpala Srichandra Subhatavarman Sukhinpal Sukhinpala Sulakshanpal Sultanpal Sultanpala Surajpal Surajpala Traillokyachandra Tejapala Tejpal Tolpal Trailokyavarman Trilochanpala Udayaditya Udaysangh Uddharandeva Vachhal Vakpati Vapyata Varshpal Varshapala Vasudev Vidurathpal Vidurathpala Vidyadhara Vigrahapala Vigraharaja Vihangpal Vijayapala Vijayasakti Vinayakapala Vindhyavarman Viramdeva Viravarman Virsinghadeva Yasovarman Abhayapala Acharya Ahila Ajairaja Jayaraja Ajayapala Ajay-Singh Alhana Allat Amarangeya Ambra-Prasad Amritapala Anahilla Ari-Singh Arnoraja Asaraja Asvapala Balaprasada Baliraja Bhatarka Bhert-Patt Bhimadeva Bhima Bhim-Singh Bhuvan-Singh Bhoja Bhoo-Chand Chachiga Chamundaraja Chandanaraja Chandraraja Chaud-Singh Dadda Dambarisimha Deopali-Deo Dharapatta Dharasena Dhruvasena Dinakarn Dronasinha Dungar-Singh Durlabharaja Gajasimha Gopala Gopendraka Gopendraraja Govinda Guhasena Guvaka Govindaraja Hammira Hammir-Singh Hanspal Hariraja Harischandra Hemachandra Jagadeva Jaitra-Singh Jaitrasimha Jaitugideva Jaskarn Jay-Singh Jay-Singh-Deo Jayat-Singh Jayshikari Jendraraja Jojalla Kalbhoj Kanhadadeva Karandeva Karnadeva Karan-Singh Katudeva Katukaraja Keerti-Verma Kirtivarman Kelhana Kharagraha Khuman Kirtipala Kshemraja Kshem-Singh Kshetra-Singh Lakhanapala Lakhshaman-Singh Lakshmana Lakshmanadeva Lakshmivarman Lavanyakarna Lunavarman Luntiga Mahap Mahayak Mahendra Mahendrapala Mahipala Maladeva Manavasimha Mathan-Singh Mattat Mulraja Nagabhata Nagarjuna Nagraja Naradeva Narapati Naravarmandeva Nar-Verma Narwahan Padam-Singh Prahladana Pratapa Prithvipal Prithivipala Prithviraja Purnpala Rahap Ramapala Ratan-Singh Rayapala Rudrapala Sahajapala Sahanapala Samanta Samant-Singh Samantasimha Samarasimha Samar-Singh Shaliwahan Shuchi-Verma Siladitya Sindhuraja Singhraja Sinha Sinhad-Deo Siyaka Sohiya Someshwara Suratrana Tejasimha Tej-Singh Tribhuvanapala Udayasimha Udayavarman Upendra Vagbhata Vahadiasimha Vairsingh Vairisimha Vajradeva Vakapati Vakpatiraja Valhana Valhanadeva Vallabharaja Vanraja Vasudeva Vatsaraja Vigrharaja Vijada-Dasasyandana Vijai-Singh Vikramaditya Vinaykpala Virama Viradeva Viranarayana Virsinh-Deo Viryarama Xemraja Yograj } female_names = { Akal Anantadevi Damayanti Dattadevi Dehanagadevi Dhruvadevi Dhruvasvamini Hemavati Kakanvati Kalayandevi Kanchuka Kanwar Karmavati Kumaradevi Lakshman Maharani Mahidevi Nattadevi Prabhavati Prabhavatigupta Prasadhanadevi Puppadevi Rajamati Sanyukta Shrimitradevi Annaladevi Bauladevi Bhuyikadevi Candrabhattarikadevi Chachinidevi Delhanadevi Desaladevi Hariyadevi Laxmidevi Madhavi Mahalakshmi Manaladevi Mayanalladevi Namalladevi Padmaladevi Padmini Pratha Rasaladevi Rudaladevi Rudrani Rupadevi Samyukta Sidhawa Somalladevi Suhava Sundaridevi Tihunaka Udayamati "Songari" "Ajab" "Kamala" "Dev" } } malvi = { primary = MLW dynasty_names = { "Holkar" "Qadirid" "Shaja'atid" "Khalji" } male_names = { "Dilavar Khan" "Alp Khan Hushang" "Ghazni Khan" "Nasir Shah" "Salim Shah" "Baz Bahadur" "Mali Rao" "Ahalya Bai" "Mahmud Shah" "Ghiyath Shah" "Qadir Shah" "Shaja'at Khan" "Bahadur" "Mahmud" "Ferishta" "Ghiyas-ud-din" "Qadir" "Mohammed" "Baz" "Salim" "Nasir" "Amir" "Hoshang" } female_names = { "Qudsia" "Hajjah" "Shahjahan Begum" Amro Anokhi Anup Bhani Dani Gujri Jodhabai Khivi Kishan } } sinhala = { primary = CEY dynasty_names = { "Kotteid" "Konnapu Bandara" "Gampolan" "Savulu" } male_names = { Parakramabahu Jayabahu Bhuvanaikabahu Dharmapalabahu Vimala Dharmasuriya Senarut Narenda Sri Vijaya Rajasimha Kitri Rajadhiraja Simha Dhatmapala Agabala Aggabodhi Agibuti Ananda Anikanga Apaya Arittha Avirada Ayasmantha Bhuvanekabahu Butisamana Chodaganga Dahamsena Danamitta Dappula Dathappabhuti Dathopatissa Dharmapala Dharmasena Dharmasoka Dhatusena Digakassapa Diganaguli Digasumana Gajabahu Hadaka Hadana Hujata Jetthatissa Jhotisena Kashyapa Kassapa Kitti Kittisena Kittivarma Magamitta Mahadeva Mahanaga Mahasattha Mahasena Mahasiva Mahinda Manavanna Mihidala Mihindala Mitta Moggallana Nandamitta Narendra Narendrasinha Nirmala Padita Parakkamabahu Rajasinha Rakasala Ratana Rohaka Sadhatissa Sagala Saliya Sanghamitta Sanghatissa Sankha Sena Senarat Sidata Sigaratissa Silameghavanna Sinhabahu Siva Sobana Sobika Sudata Sumana Surakita Suratissa Tissa Udaya Upatissa Vassaba Vebeliya Vepali Vijayabahu Vikrama Vikramabahu Vimaladharma Vimaladharmasuriya Virabahu Viranarendra } female_names = { Abijliguta Ahali Anula Anurada Anuradi Anuridi Asadaguta Asali Aselaya Ata Barani Bodhideva Bohodevi Butadata Cadana Citadevi Citaguta Damadina Damaguta Damarajha Damarakita Damaruci Damasena Damati Damika Damutara Devanakata Devanapiya Devarakita Dhamarajha Dhamika Jhita Jhotisena Jhotiya Kanadasika Kanaguta Kanatissa Kitaka Kituka Kubira Kumara Kumaradata Kumaratiha Lasani Lilavati Maga Magha Maka Maki Mita Nagadina Narayaguta Nuga Nugaya Paduma Palikada Pamatissa Purushadata Pusamitta Rajhita Ramadata Ramajhata Ramani Rasumiliya Reva Sagara Samidata Samudaguta Savera Seneya Silmini Siriguta Siripali Sivala Sivanabuti Somali Sugula Sujhata Sumanadevi Suri Suriguta Tisi Tissabuti Tissadata Tissadevi Tissamita Tissaraka Tissarakita Yahasaya Yahasini Sunetra Devi Kalyanavati Swarnamanikya } } } 

I am looking for an assistant who can speak Hindi and/or Panjabi. I know there are larger populations of Indian and Punjabi people closer to San Francisco and San Jose, but I am looking for someone who can work in Contra Costa County.
Is there a local newspaper, community center or website anyone can recommend? Thanks in advance!

I am looking for an assistant who can speak Hindi and/or Panjabi. I know there are larger populations of Indian and Punjabi people closer to San Francisco and San Jose, but I am looking for someone who can work in Contra Costa County.
Is there a local newspaper, community center or website anyone can recommend? Thanks in advance!

Everyone in India needs to watch and understand the recent interview with former J&K governor Mr. Satyapal Malik, so I've done my best to transcribe and translate from Hindi to English:
I = Interviewer, SM = Satyapal Malik (starting from 0:35)
I: Satyapal Ji, first let's discuss what's happening in the parliament, on Manipur. Why do you think our PM is not ready for a statement or a discussion?
SM: He has scant regard for democracy, he doesn't care at all. You can keep barking but he doesn't care. But he's on the wrong path. He should come and talk, and bring the people in confidence. People in Manipur will feel someone is worried about them.
I: Do you think not just Manipur, but especially for women, after that video came out...
SM: No, for women... when the women wrestlers were bringing medals he used to say they are my daughters. They lay there for months, were dragged at Janpath, he didn't say a word. He doesn't care about women or anyone except himself.
I: We often hear there is a climate of fear in the nation, do you believe this?
SM: The climate of fear is made by them, their party. Those who are corrupt live in fear, those who are not, don't. So there are only a few people who aren't caught up in this, because they (BJP) misuse the institutions like ED and CBI, and everyone is scared of it.
I: Should the common people be scared?
SM: Definitely not, if the people rise up he'll run away. Common folks think what do we care, we need our two meals a day.
I: Malik sir, we're seeing that the society is getting divided. In Manipur, Kukis and Meitis are divided. People are comparing it to how Juhapura got alienated after Gujarat in 2002. When the division comes, and violence will be used to bring it, won't the people be fearful?
SM: They will be fearful, and this is not good. People should stand up against it.
I: Must someone stand up so that people can stand behind them? Or do you think people can stand up on their own?
SM: People listen when someone stands up and speaks.
I: You saw '77, you saw the emergency. Often the current period is compared to that...
SM: That period was much better than this. This period is very dangerous and bad. The power is in the hands of very small people. I saw the period under Mrs. Gandhi, I will tell you two incidents. The allotment for Advani Ji's house was over, as he was not a member of RS anymore. His wife didn't have to go anywhere, Om Mehta went to their house and gave her the letter of extension saying she can stay there...
I: When he was in custody?
SM: Yes. Is it possible today? And Atal Ji wasn't sent to jail for even a single day, he was taken straight to the hospital, and he stayed there until the emergency was over. This etiquette existed then, but not anymore.
I: How is it now? Is Modi Ji like Indira Gandhi Ji? Or is he different?
SM: No no, Indira Gandhi had a value system, she was Jawaharlal's daughter. I was asking my friend Swaraj Paul why did Mrs. Gandhi conduct the elections? He said she was most distressed that the European newspapers are saying that Nehru's daughter has become a dictator. This hurt her the most. She had that shame and consideration. This guy doesn't have any of it, in fact, he withdrew all my security. A person who was instrumental in removing 370 got his entire security removed except one soldier, you might not have met even him on your way in.
I: No I did not.
SM: Yes. He withdrew the security and did not give me a house. I am in a rented house.
I: Why do you think no security was given to you?
SM: Enmity.
I: For what reason?
SM: I had an argument with him about farmers.
I: So as you said, don't mess with him.
SM: No I never said that. I actually went to mess with him with the resignation letter in my pocket. I said sir they are protesting for four months, do something for them. He said no Satyapal, they'll leave. So I got angry and I said sir you don't know them, they'll leave when you are gone. These Sikhs, their Guru sacrificed four of their sons but did not compromise. And they don't forget for 300 years. After Operation Blue Star, Mrs. Gandhi conducted mahamrityunjay mantra at her farmhouse for one month, and (Nehru?) said to her you didn't believe in any of this, she said you don't know but all who touched the Golden Temple are dead. They will kill me, she said, she knew it. So he was threatened and got sensible and withdrew the farm laws.
I: He got sensible and he won the elections. People said the government did the right thing. Do you think he'll get more chances like this?
SM: No, he's too arrogant now.
I: In a way, I'm asking you for your prediction in 2024.
SM: No he will be finished in the 2024 elections, he will be removed. If he gets less than 200 seats the party people themselves will remove him, and he knows this. I fear that he might carry out some mischief like a bomb blast on the Ram Mandir, or get some important BJP person killed, he can order something like that, he's capable of it. If one can have Pulwama done, one can do anything.
I: Why are you saying he is responsible for Pulwama, we have no proof of it.
SM: No I have no proof, when someone says that, I too say that's not the case. But, the way he silenced me when I spoke to him in the evening when he was in Jim Corbett Park getting his shoot done, he asked me what happened, I told him more than 40 of our soldiers have been martyred and it's our fault. He told me to shut up and don't talk about this. Then he made (Ajit) Doval call me, he is my batch mate, and he too asked me not to speak. I had already spoken to two channels. I thought they will investigate, but they didn't do anything, and from the third day they changed track and blamed Pakistan and said we will attack them in their house, etc. The country's mood was changed.
I: You don't say that Pakistan had a hand in it or not...
SM: Pakistan had a role in it, they are always disturbing us in Kashmir. This amount of explosives cannot enter India without the connivance of Pakistan.
I: ...and for 10-12 days...
SM: ...the vehicle kept doing the rounds with the explosives.
I: But you've stayed in North East too, you were Meghalaya's governor till 2020. Did you witness any activities by the RSS, now that they are alleged to have a hand in Manipur violence?
SM: They have a hand in Manipur, but they have no status in Meghalaya. In the last elections, Modi Ji and Amit Shah Saheb both went to campaign, addressed meetings, and their seats were reduced from 3 to 2. They have no effect on the people there.
I: When you were in the North East, in Meghalaya, did you see any forewarnings of the violence in Manipur?
SM: No there was nothing like that, it is a very peaceful society.
I: Because people are blaming the RSS that for years they have been training and bringing in arms, any news like that?
SM: No nothing like that, the arms were given by the government.
I: You're talking about the Meitei?
SM: Yes, the Meitei community.
I: Why do you think the government has given them arms?
SM: These weapons are not accessible to the common public. INSAS rifles are government issued, it is not sold in the market.
I: There are news reports too that they looted the police armory...
SM: That's nonsense, they (govt) let them loot. But this was wrong and they have put the entire state in danger.
I: Not just the state, the entire region in a way...
SM: Yes, you see the reaction everywhere from Nagas, Mizos... everything will go wrong, peaceful North East will get destroyed.
I: Was this avoidable?
SM: It is avoidable, even now. If the PM visits the injured, those who faced loss, if he helps them and says that they will be treated equally then everything will be alright.
I: Why do you have so much confidence in PM's statement, after all, as the saying goes, actions speak louder than words.
SM: I have no faith in actions, but a statement has some effect.
I: People will think that...
SM: ...yes this man is speaking about justice.
I: What message is his silence sending?
SM: His silence is sending the message go to hell I don't worry for you.
I: But who is this message for? Between the two groups who are fighting, Kukis and Meitis...
SM: Don't care for Mei... sorry Kukis.
I: But I care for Meitis?
SM: I am with them, yeah.
I: You mean, in a situation where the government is silent during the violence, it is the powerful side...
SM: ...the government will be considered to be on their side. It is out in the open there, everyone knows who is on which side.
I: So have you gone to the North East after the governorship of Meghalaya?
SM: I haven't gone there but I spoke to Meghalaya CM the day before and asked what's happening over there, and he said the guy who lost the election to me is creating some unrest, but no matter we will control it.
I: Ok. In the coming elections, we have noticed that for a long time, the ruling government benefits from polarization. The whole nation is polarized, but you're saying that it won't have much effect, people are unhappy with the governance in the last 10 years. But even you might think that with so much polarization, BJP...
SM: See, Hindu-Muslim won't work every time. Mine is a Hindu village with a population of 15,000. There is a 300-year-old temple, and only two people visit it in the evening to light diyas. Hindu is not Hindu every day, he is Hindu on the day of riots and 2 days after, and then is normal on the 3rd day. You can't provoke him every day.
I: But it's not just Hindu-Muslim, it's tribals, it's Christians, everyone is...
SM: No, it's not there in the North Belt. I'll show you state-wise. They don't have 2 seats in Punjab, they'll hardly have two seats in Haryana if Rao Saheb (Yadavs) remain with them, they'll lose MP, Chattisgarh, West Bengal, Maharashtra. They have UP, that is due to Yogi Ji, people are understanding the difference between Yogi and Modi. The people in UP dislike Modi and like Yogi. They will lose seats in UP. A BJP leader told me that bring him below 200 and we will remove him on our own, and he will come down to 200.
I: So if everything does not depend on polarization, then looking at BJP's governance record, they've given the food scheme...you meet a lot of people, are people discussing?
SM: I'll tell you that after I left governorship I might have done 20 public meetings, big ones, in Rajasthan, Haryana, Western UP...I meet everyone. Farmers are upset, their problems are still unsolved, MSP remains unsolved, and they (govt) are ignoring them (farmers), and farmers are very angry. Similarly the poor are unhappy, inflation, unemployment...everything is the same.
I: Every region has its own demands. Looking at Kashmir, you supported (removing) 370, and the matter is now in SC, do you think the decision will be rolled back?
SM: No, SC won't interfere.
I: But do you think the statehood...
SM: I think the statehood shouldn't have been removed. Amit Shah promised in the parliament to reinstate it, it's best it is done as soon as possible, they are most hurt by this.
I: You say communalism won't work, tell me about the development
SM: Where is development? Tell me.
I: Apart from farmers, the remaining public...
SM: What's the development for the rest of the public?
I: The govt said that roads and highways are being constructed...
SM: Who made that happen is being insulted every day. The entire credit goes to (Nitin) Gadkari, and he has been removed from all important committees.
I: Then maybe some emotional issue? Like when the temple will be built...
SM: I told you, that won't work, the temple is done. They might have a bomb thrown on the temple to polarize public opinion, have someplace set on fire, have someone from BJP killed, he can do anything. This is his history in Gujarat.
I: Sir, the temple is being built as per SC order, but the order also directed a mosque to be built. Now the news is coming out that the temple is about to be finished and the mosque hasn't even collected enough funds, they've had to give a revised plan. Do you think the temple construction should stop for some time?
SM: No it shouldn't stop, it should keep up the pace. This is a 500-year-old demand, and it should be finished. But if something can be done for the mosque, it should be done, for fairness.
I: But following the SC order...
SM: Even if it is not in the order, it should be done to assuage the feelings of a section of society.
I: The same amount of help should be given as...
SM: Here the funds are given by the people, not the govt. In fact, the temple committee has eaten up funds.
I: Why are you saying that?
SM: I know it.
I: You have a suspicion.
SM: No people told me that Champat Rai and others have eaten the funds.
I: Would you like to credit Modi Ji with any success stories?
SM: No absolutely not, except that he knows how to rule, and how to rule ruthlessly. He is ruling ruthlessly, but causing harm to the nation and the society. It's best for him that he leaves now.
I: Are you talking about the 2024 elections?
SM: Yes
I: Why do you say that?
SM: If he leaves after a loss will it feel good? I guarantee that he won't be successful in 2024.
I: On what basis are you so sure sir?
SM: For one I explained the arithmetic, which states they're losing. And if he comes below 200, the BJP will remove him. People are sitting ready.
I: Which people are sitting ready?
SM: BJP people
I: You mean the party's internal...
SM: Leadership, important leaders...
I: Who are ready to...
SM: Ready to ask him to step aside, that's enough. Now we'll handle it.
I: What is the reason for the internal strife?
SM: He insults everyone, personally
I: You mean his behavior is not good?
SM: His behavior is not good, it's really bad. People will be standing with folded arms on the stage, and he doesn't even look at them, like Advani Ji.
I: So for his party, he is a vote catcher, so is he important to the party? Or maybe RSS?
SM: No RSS is unhappy with him.
I: So he is staying on because he gets people's votes?
SM: No there is this perception that he gets people's votes, when this illusion breaks, he will be removed.
I: Sir, one last thing - your book, we listen to your interviews, and read your articles and speeches, is there any breaking news remaining for your book or have you already said everything?
SM: I haven't said anything so far. There's so much left to say about Kashmir, I haven't said anything, which I will say in the book. I can't say right now because they are looking to send me to jail on some excuse.
I: Are you working on your book?
SM: The book is right here (points to his head).
I: Any publication date?
SM: No dates so far, I'll publish it after he is gone.
I: After he is gone? But why, the author might want it to be read before!
SM: It might get published before, maybe during the heat of the elections. Many publishers have approached me like Penguin and others, all want to publish it.
I: But you haven't shown the manuscript to anyone?
SM: No I haven't shown it to anyone, nor I have promised anyone I will.
I: You saved a lot of things for the book?
SM: So many things, if I start telling you the whole day will pass. I have so much experience in Kashmir.

The role of the INC in shielding its politicians involved in the 1984 Pogrom
Disclaimer: To prevent any misunderstanding, this post does not endorse support for any political party, whether it be the BJP or any other regional opposition.
Over the years, I have discussed this topic with people, not just on Reddit or other Social Media, it seems like people are woefully ignorant about the fact that thousands of people who were involved in the Genocide/Pogrom, following Indira Gandhi's death, are still living free, without any fear or consequences. It's claimed that one of the reasons why mob violence is so easy to commit in India, is because the INC (Indian National Congress) built the foundation for it, especially in regards to methods used for inciting the mob and protecting them once the killing ends.
Nowadays, INC is seen as the better option as many, due to beliefs that they don't promote communal enmity, but a few people don't call out the fact that the party is openly supporting, empowering and protecting Genociders and rioters even now in 2023. The party can set a legacy by throwing these people out, but choose not to.
Here are a few people that continue to be protected by the Party.
1) Kamal Nath
Kamal Nath is the former CM of Madhya Pradesh and continues to be a senior leader of the party. In fact, it's said that if Congress wins the Vidhan Sabha elections in Late 2023, he will become a CM again. He continues to enjoy support and can even be seen hugging Rahul Gandhi in pictures and joining him for rallies. He remains a close confidante of the Gandhi's.
However, Nath is one of the accused in inciting and controlling the mob during the 1984 Pogrom, at the Gurudwara Rakabganj, where 2 Sikhs were killed and part of the complex burned by the mob. According to the Indian Express Journalist Sanjay Suri and 2 Sikhs at the site, Kamal Nath had complete control over the mob and it's said that he incited the crowd at Teen Murti Bhavan as well.
Sadly, the investigating committees led by Justice Misra and Nanavati, exonerated him citing lack of evidence. This is despite the fact that 2 Sikhs, Mukhtiar and Ajit Singh clearly heard him inciting the mob. In fact :-

The Rakab Ganj gurdwara episode involving Kamal Nath stands out as it’s the only instance from 1984 of a political leader admitting his presence at the scene of crime. In fact, he had no option but to make such an admission as police officers had corroborated a journalist’s testimony in this regard. The allegations against other leaders were entirely by victims or members of the targeted Sikh community.”

2) Jagdish Tytler
Tytler has served as a Union Minister for Civil Aviation and in the Labor Ministry in the 1980's, and was made the Minister of State for Surface Transport in 1991. Even now in 2022, he was a senior member of the committee involved in picking Delhi MC Election Candidates.
The accusations against Tytler are more grave. He's accused of inciting the mob at Gurudwara Pul Bangash, which proceeded ahead to burn Sikhs and destroy their properties.

Surinder Singh, Granthi (head priest) at the Gurudwara, Surinder Singh, who was a granthi at Gurudwara vividly remembers 'seeing Tytler urging rioters not to waste time on looting but to get down to kill'
The mob put a tyre around Ragi Badal Singh, a Sikh police inspector Thakur Singh, and a Sikh servant and set them on fire. Tytler was there from 9 am to 11am overseeing the carnage. The CBI’s questioning was only designed to let Tytler off. During those 14 hours of questioning they kept accusing me of telling lies and threatened to take action against me if I do not tell the truth.

Something that people often forget, is the fact that other than common civilians, many Sikh Armymen and Police Officers were brutally massacred by the Congress Mob as well, mostly led by people like Tytler. Despite obvious evidence of Tytler's involvement in the genocide (which even some Congress leaders have confirmed), he has never faced imprisonment and the party has protected him at all costs, by threatening the survivors, witnesses and empowering him by making him a senior leader.
https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/ever-since-i-deposed-against-tytle240174
3) Babu Ram Sharma, Member, Municipal Corporation (Ward No. 58) reported to be the right-hand man of H. K. L. Bhagat. Reportedly responsible for loot, arson and murder in trance-Yamuna areas-Babarpur, Chajupur Colony, Maujpur, Gonda. Allegedly led people on motor cycle with megaphone.
Status : Never faced justice and retired into obscurity.
4) Dharam Dass Shashtri, A Member of Parliament from Karol Bagh.
"Reported to becarrying voters list with him at Prakash Nagar for identification of Sikhs. On November 5, according to newspaper reports, he along with other Congress-I leaders tried to pressurize the SHO of Karol Bagh Police Station to release the persons who arrested during the police raids to recover looted property."
Dharam Das Shastri is one of such leaders who is unapologetic about protecting the mobs and securing their release.
From New York Times article on him from 2014.

Mr. Shastri had intervened at New Delhi's Karol Bagh police station to win the release of 300 people who had been rounded up for looting. ''Let them take away the recovered property, but there is no need to arrest,''. He insisted that he had only tried to gain the release of members of local vigilante groups (mobs) that appeared across New Delhi to defend their neighborhoods after the police failed to do so.

5) H.K.L Bhagat
Another senior Indian Minister, serving as the Union Minister for Parliamentary Affairs from 1984-89.
Accusation : Reported to have intervened to get miscreants released who were held in Shahdara Thana and leading the mob to Sikh addresses.
Never faced justice or imprisonment. Died by Alzheimers Disease in 2005.
Other names, that played a major role in the Genocide were :-
6) Dr. Ashok Kumar, Member of Municipal Corporation from Kalyanpuri - According to many eye witnesses he led mobs which indulged in loot, murder, arson and rape.
7). Sukhan Lal Sood, Metropolitan Councillor. According to eye witnesses was seen leading mobs, which indulged in loot, murder, arson and rape. He had come with petrol and serial lists and addressess of Sikhs in the locality.
8) Jagdish Chander Tokas, Member of Municipal Corporation Munirka (Ward No. 14) reportedly led a mob to R.K. Puram Sector IV and V.
9) Ishwar Singh, Member, Municipal Corporation, Mangolpuri (Ward No. 37). Allegedly led the mobs that indulged in looting, burning, rape and murder in Mangolpuri area.
10) Balwant Khokhar, Youth Congress-I Leader, Delhi, Identified as one of the persons responsible for instigating looting and arson in Palam Colony area.
11) Faiz Mohammad, Youth Congress-I Leader, Delhi, named by refugees in Shakurpur camp and in Mangolpuri for being a part of the mob indulging in looting, arson and murder.
P.S - This list does not include the names of thousands of perpetrators that were involved in the Carnage across Northern India in Late October 1984 and these rioters continue to roam free.
Almost all of the people mentioned in this post, have either never faced justice or died peacefully.

Visit article from The Hill (newspaper) (Grade: B) or alternatively:

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Continuation of Caste System in India: Part 02 (Varna, Jati and Casta) (https://www.reddit.com/IndiaRWResources/comments/xy1krn/caste_system_in_india_part_02_varna_jati_and_casta/)

The modern caste system in India has its roots in

• Jati system: Practised by Indians at that time
• Taking the "Law of Manu" in a literal sense and using it for legal purposes by the company
• Racism
• English Feudal system: The social hierarchy in England where the aristocrats had an upper position in the society and were well respected among all people
• Colonial mentality: The need of Englishmen to maintain their emperor and secure its future
• Missionary activities: Converting native to the true religion
• Poverty: Due to Islamic invasions and company rule followed by industrialization in Europe

Benjamin states the importance of studying the Jati system in India

“Many other examples of its (Jati system) minor details we might produce; but what effect can these have had on our institutions? Surely, none; though the spirit which produced by its abuse these may also have affected them. It is the effects of this abstract spirit which we must notice, omitting all details, and confining ourselves to the broad features of the case. We shall, then, examine its effects as they have been seen.
First. On the Political, Military, and Civil Institutions of our Indian Empire.
Secondly. On its Social and Domestic Institutions.
Thirdly. On the Moral and Religious Character of the People.
Fourthly. We shall notice how it affects their Conversion to Christianity.
Lastly. We shall consider Its probable effects on the future destinies of that Empire.” ( The theory and practice of caste )

1. The law of Manu

As mentioned earlier, the authenticity of Manava dharmasastra could never be confirmed. There is also no evidence that it was ever implemented in a legal or civic form under any Indian kings. Moreover, Manava dharmasastra (Manusmriti) is one of the many Dharmasastras available under Smriti. When the British translated it for legal purposes and legislation, only a part of India was under British rule, making the legal and civic system that existed in other regions of the country obsolete.
Quoting Sir William Jones

“an intention to leave the natives of the Indian provinces in possession of their own Laws, at least on the titles of contrails and inheritances, we may humbly presume, that all future provisions, for the administration of justice and government in India, will be conformable, as far as the natives are affected by them, to the manners and opinions of the natives themselves; an object which cannot possibly be attained, until the manners and opinions can be fully and accurately known. These confederations, and a few others more immediately within my province, were my principal motives for wishing to know, and have induced me at length to publish, that system of duties, religious and civil, and of law in all its branches, which the Hindus firmly believe to have been promulged in the beginning of time by Menu, son or grandson of Brahma', or, in plain language, the first of created beings, and not the oldest only, but the holiest of legislators ; a system so comprehensive and so minutely exact, that it may be considered as the Institutes of Hindu Law, preparatory to the copious Digest, which has lately been compiled by Pandits of eminent learning, and introductory perhaps to a Code which may supply the many natural defects in the old jurisprudence of this country, and, without any deviation from its principles, accommodate it justly to the improvements of a commercial age” (Institutes of Hindu law, or, The ordinances of Menu)

Regarding the credibility of the “Law of Manu”

“Should a series of Brahmens omit, for three generations, the reading of Menu, their sacerdotal class, as all the Pandits allure me, would in strictness be forfeited ; but they must explain it only to their pupils of the three highest classes; and the Brahmen, who read it with me, requeued most earnestly, that his name might be concealed; nor would he have read it for any consideration on a forbidden day of the moon, or without the ceremonies prescribed in the second and fourth chapters for a lecture on the Veda : so great, indeed, is the idea of sanctity annexed to this book, that, when the chief native magistrate at Banares endeavoured, at my request, to procure a Persian translation of it, before I had a hope of being at any time able to understand the original, the Pandits of his court unanimously and positively refused to assist in the work ; nor Should I have procured it at all, if a wealthy Hindu at Gaya had not caused the version to be made by some of his dependants, at the desire of my friend Mr. Law. The Persian translation of Menu, like all others from the Sanskrit into that language, is a rude intermixture of the text, loosely rendered, with some old or new comment, and often with the crude notions of the translator ; and though it expresses the general sense of the original, yet it swarms with errors, imputable partly to haste, and partly to ignorance: thus where Menu says, that emissaries are the eyes of a prince, the Persian phrase makes him ascribe four eyes to the person of a king ; for the word char, which means an emissary in Sanskrit, signifies four in the popular dialect.” (Institutes of Hindu law, or the ordinances of Menu)

Here it’s clear that

• The credibility of the work (translation) itself is in question as the supporters were either morally corrupt, not ready to assist or the one who did assist was a dependent of the person requested for the help.

Sir Jones himself states the low quality of the text as a lawbook but he goes on to say that it must be accepted as legalisation due to the language and devotion present in the book.

“The work, now presented to the European world, contains abundance of curious matter extremely interesting both to speculative lawyers and antiquaries, with many beauties which need not be pointed out, and with many blemishes which cannot be justified or palliated. It is a system of despotism and priestcraft, both indeed limited by law, but artfully conspiring to give mutual support, though with mutual checks; it is filled with strange conceits in metaphysics and natural philosophy, with idle superfluities, and with a scheme of theology most obscurely figurative, and consequently liable to dangerous misconception; it abounds with minute and childish formalities, with ceremonies generally absurd and often ridiculous; the punishments are partial and fanciful; for some crimes, dreadfully cruel, for others, reprehensibly flight; and the very morals, though rigid enough on the whole, are in one or two instances (as in the cafe of light oaths and of pious perjury) unaccountably relaxed : nevertheless, a spirit of sublime devotion, of benevolence to mankind, and of amiable tenderness to all sentient creatures, pervades the whole work; the style of it has a certain austere majesty, that founds like the language of legislation, and extorts a respectful awe ; the sentiments of independence on all beings but God, and the harsh admonitions, even to kings, are truly noble; and the many panegyrics on the Gayatt'i, the Mother as it is called, of the Veda, prove the author to have adored (not the visible material fun, but) that divine and incomparably greater light, to use the words of the most venerable text in the Indian scripture, 'which illumines all, delights all, from which all proceed., to which all must return, and which alone can irradiate (not our visual organs merely, but our souls and) our intellects.”

He continues

“Whatever opinion in short may be formed of Menu and his laws, in a country happily enlightened by found philosophy and the only true revelation, it must be remembered, that those laws are actually revered, as the word of the Most High, by nations of great importance to the political and commercial interests of Europe, and particularly by many millions of Hindu subjects, whose well-directed industry would add largely to the wealth of Britain, and who ask no more in return than protection for their persons and places of abode, justice in their temporal concerns, indulgence to the prejudices of their old religion, and the benefit of the laws, which they have been taught to believe sacred, and which alone they can possibly comprehend.”

Below is another account of how deceptive the law of Manu was. But still, it was implemented.

“To this end Sir Wilham Jones, after an astonishing amount of persuasion, induced some of the most illustrious pundits of the day, to furnish him, notwithstanding their religious scruples on the point, with a translation of the Code of Menu, which was supposed, and which they averred, contained the legitimate regulations of Hindoo caste. What a deceptive picture of this institution is there given, we have before noticed. Such as it was, however, it was adopted, and in many particulars credited, by the government and literati\ of the day; and many of the orders of the Board of Directors in England, and Regulations of the Council in India, are careful that its spirit should not be wantonly offended.”* (The theory and practice of caste (p34)

Below is an account of how religiously the law of Manu was followed.

“The pretensions of Bramins, and the high respect which had been awarded to them from antiquity, were often regarded in points, in which they ill accorded with the preconceived ideas of Europeans, and in some cases were not neglected even in the courts of justice. The Kshatriyas, as a class, were extinct in the greater part of India, but the Rajpoots of Rajasthan claimed descent from them, and readily found occupation as sepoys, in our armies; whilst the lowest castes, such as Coolies, Maters, Choomars, Mullahs, &c., were for a long time studiously excluded. Bramins and men of high caste, as Vakeels, or native lawyers, and Moonsiffs or inferior judges, were occupied in the administration of justice; whilst little encouragement was given to the Sudra and the Ryot, to leave the cultivation of the soil, that occupation to which the Code of Menu had devoted him.”(The theory and practice of caste)
“When the policy of pleasing the natives was especially strong, under the administration of Lord Cornwallis, men of the lowest caste were, as we have remarked above, excluded from our army ; yet even among the higer classes there was the same exclusiveness as would have existed between men of the highest and lowest castes. It was unaccompanied, however, by that discontent which would have arisen, if the latter had been admitted. Even these regulations do not at present prevail. There is now no legal bar to the admission of even a Pariah into our Indian regiments, though such would be rejected, as any pro- motion which might happen to be granted them would be viewed with dissatisfaction by those of superior caste, who, in general, form the majority of a regiment. * (The theory and practice of caste)

In short

• From company times, utmost importance was given to the "Law of Manu" to protect British interests. The assumption was that implementing laws that are native to the region will help them with avoiding any dissension and eliminate any possible threat to their empire.

2. Coloniality

Benjamin states

“In one point of view there exists a remarkable difference between the history of Europeans and Asiatics. In that of Western nations it is the exploits of the people, that are, for the most part, described. We are made acquainted with their feelings and sentiments, and the impulse which these gave to their internal as well as external policy…If otherwise so remarkable that history for a time centres in their person, it is either because opposed to their people, or with dictatorial power heading their armies in or against foreign invasion.”
“With the East this is not the case. Their history is a narrative of the deeds of princes, not of the sentiments of nations. We read not so much of the constitutional struggles of myriads, as of the diplomacy, the treachery, the crimes, and the ambition of a few ; and history becomes most interesting when it enters most minutely into the personal habits and feelings of an illustrious monarch. This is especially the case with India. The Ramayana, the Mahabarat, and the Puranas, make us to a considerable extent acquainted with its history, fabulous or otherwise, from the earliest periods ; whilst Ferishta and Persian writers in abundance give us the events of more modern times. But upon what do they chiefly dwell ? The people are lost sight of, the deeds of princes are alone conspicuous. The whole is one mass of private feuds, of jealousy, of tyranny, of sudden rebellion, and of remorseless punishment ; of the rise of princes and of the fall of dynasties. Occasionally some Chandragupta, or Mahmoud, or Akbar, command our respect for their conquests or legislation.”
“We look in vain for a description of the effects of minor circumstances upon the feelings, the actions and institutions of the early invaders of Indostan. We know that then, as now, the same intricate rules of caste prevailed, yet we find little or no notice of its influence on the character of their policy ; though it must, in one form or other, have come in contact with every act of legislation. Strange as it may seem, its influence was so subtle and inscrutable, that, either from ignorance of its character, or from despair of accurately defining it, they have altogether neglected to notice even its existence. It may happen occasionally to have forced itself on their attention, when the overweening influence of some particular class may have produced a sudden political movement. As, for instance, when Khusru, the vizier of Mobarik K-hilji,f entirely surrounded himself with those of his own caste, by their means overthrew the power of his master, and exterminated the house of Khilji.”

Below are accounts of how colonial policers were conceptualized and implemented

“Consistent with this idea has been the policy of our government. Well aware that for many years (even if the same may not now be true) our empire was not founded upon the good-will of the people, or our own popular acts, but was an " empire of opinion," as it has been termed, that is, one founded upon a prevailing idea among oar subjects, that we are morally and physically their superiors, and that no power which they could exert against us will ever effect our removal. Well aware of this, the East India Company have made it a fundamental point in their policy, never to afford the people an opportunity of learning their strength by a sudden outbreak of popular fury. Hence the Directors have been especially careful that the prejudices of the natives should be respected.” (The theory and practice of caste)

​

The fact that the Hindoo law is to be learned chiefly from Sanscrit books, and the Mahometan law from Arabic books, has been much insisted on, but seems not to bear at all on the question. We are commanded by Parliament to ascertain and digest the laws of India. The assistance of a Law Commission has been given to us for that purpose. As soon as the Code is promulgated the Shasters and the Hedaya will be useless to a moonsiff or a Sudder Ameen. I hope and trust that, before the boys who are now entering at the Mudrassa and the Sanscrit College have completed their studies, this great work will be finished. It would be manifestly absurd to educate the rising generation with a view to a state of things which we mean to alter before they reach manhood. (Macaulay minute)

​

In one point I fully agree with the gentlemen to whose general views I am opposed. I feel with them that it is impossible for us, with our limited means, to attempt to educate the body of the people. We must at present do our best to form a class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern, --a class of persons Indian in blood and colour, but English in tastes, in opinions, in morals and in intellect. To that class we may leave it to refine the vernacular dialects of the country, to enrich those dialects with terms of science borrowed from the Western nomenclature, and to render them by degrees fit vehicles for conveying knowledge to the great mass of the population. (Macaulay minute)

​

I would at once stop the printing of Arabic and Sanscrit books. I would abolish the Mudrassa and the Sanscrit College at Calcutta. Benares is the great seat of Brahminical learning, Delhi of Arabic learning. If we retain the Sanscrit College at Bonares and the Mahometan College at Delhi we do enough and much more than enough in my opinion, for the Eastern languages. If the Benares and Delhi Colleges should be retained, I would at least recommend that no stipends shall be given to any students who may hereafter repair thither, but that the people shall be left to make their own choice between the rival systems of education without being bribed by us to learn what they have no desire to know. The funds which would thus be placed at our disposal would enable us to give larger encouragement to the Hindoo College at Calcutta and establish in the principal cities throughout the Presidencies of Fort William and Agra schools in which the English language might be well and thoroughly taught. (Macaulay minute)

How Macaulay’s education policy affected the Hindus

The once Brahman, but now Christian editor of the Inquirer newspaper, who himself received his English education at the Government Hindu College, where no religion is taught, thus strongly testifies: —“The Hindu College, under the patronage of Government, has^ as indeed it must have, destroyed many a native’s belief in Hinduism. How could a boy continue to worship the sun, when he understood that this luminary was not a devatah, (a divinity) but a mass of inanimate matter? How could he believe in the injunctions of such Shasters as taught him lessons contrary to the principles inculcated by his lecturer in natural philosophy? The consequence was, that the castle of Hinduism was battered down. No Missionary ever taught us (meaning himself, the editor) to forsake the religion of our fathers; it was Government that did us this service.” (Vindication of the Church of Scotland's India missions)

​

“Are there any signs that Mission Higher Education is moving caste Hinduism \? We believe that there are. It is the universal opinion that caste feeling is no longer what it once was. We were everywhere told that caste was being slowly undermined. The mere contact with Western civilisation and British rule might account for part of this without the education in Christian truth received in Mission Colleges. But it is well to ask what Hindus, who are passionately attached to Hinduism, think about the matter. Hinduism is now seriously alarmed.* Hindus are arming in defence of Hinduism. They establish Hindu high schools, Hindu colleges. They write Hindu tracts and form Hindu associations.” (The India mission of the Free Church of Scotland 1888)

3. Racism

The British could never understand the peculiarity of Jati system. Following are a few examples of how complex the Jati system was when the British landed on the subcontinent.
Benjamin in his book states

“Suppose by way of illustration, that a gentleman of consequence engaged in making a purchase, feels thirsty. He asks the shop-boy for a glass of ale or water. If he drink it in the shop all is well; but if he go into the back room, and there drink his beverage, seating himself on one chair whilst the boy seated himself on another, he would be considered to have committed an impropriety. We understand the difference; but it would probably be impossible for a native of India to do so. He does not possess the turn of thought necessary for its comprehension. He would probably say, if the gentleman may quench his thirst in a tradesman's house, what possible difference can it make whether seated or standing, whether in one room or the other? This is precisely the same with us, in our attempts to understand many of the peculiarities of Hindoo customs. We have not the train of thought and association of ideas requisite; and we in equal astonishment ask, " If you eat bread ^ prepared by that man what possible difference can it make to eat boiled rice which he has cooked?" or, "You make no objection to such a person handling prepared pastry, how can his touch render impure another sort of food? "
“Such is the case with caste in India. To a stranger it is one mass of inconsistencies, to a native the most important feature of his society. The foundation of the whole matter rests on self-confidence, and a desire of exalting ourselves in society. This feeling is common to all mankind. Caste, as its offspring, affects all men more or less; but in India it has been carried to its furthest extent, and endued with all the respectability which religion and antiquity could confer.”

​
Below are other accounts of how complete the then-existing social system in India was

“People in this country, are ever apt to conceive of India, as if it were a mere Asiatic province of limited territorial extent, like some section of the Island of Great Britain. It is necessary, therefore, constantly to remind them that, in extent, India more resembles Europe than Britain: —and how much more than any mere section of the latter? Consequently, though the Brahmanical system, as elsewhere remarked, “may be said to preserve, through the wide extent of its baneful domination, a sort of universal identity in fundamental principles, yet in the practical development of these principles, it may exhibit modifications that are endlessly or even capriciously diversified. So that what may be strictly and literally true of the mental habitudes, the social and religious practices, of the people of one city or province, may require some qualification when predicated of the inhabitants of another.” From overlooking this essential circumstance, the statements of Missionaries situated in different parts of India, have sometimes been pronounced, erroneous, exaggerated, distorted, or, even contradictory. Whereas the truth may be, that each may all the while be conveying a scrupulously exact Report of his own individual findings, and local experience. (Vindication of the Church of Scotland's India missions)

​

“The student of sociology will thus find within the limits of a single Indian Province a complete series of the stages through which civilisation must everywhere progress. We start in the lowest grade with the Korwa, a mere savage, living on the roots or fruits which he can collect in the jungle or the animals which he can slay for food. Little higher is the Dom, whose only industry is a little rude work in bamboo, a loafer, a thief, a beggar, an eater of carrion, a collector of filth. Then we meet the Kanjar or Sansiya, a pure nomad who lives by hunting birds and animals, and will eat the lizard which has its home in the salt plains. A little higher is the Baheliya and Chiryamar, who catches birds for food and sale. Then comes the Pasi, who collects palm juice as an intoxicant ; the Bari, who makes leaf platters for use at fetes ; the Khairaha, who distils catechu from the acacia ; the Bansphor, who makes baskets out of canes or twigs. Then we have the wandering juggler and acrobat like the Nat; the nomad Lohar blacksmith ; the Bengah', an itinerant surgeon ; the Saikalgar, or peripatetic cutler. Another stage leads us to the Mallah and Kahar, who are boatmen, water-carriers, bearers of palanquins, fishermen, and collectors of tank produce. With the Gujar and Ahir we come upon the seminomad grazier and rearer of cattle, and the Gadariya whobreeds sheep and practises agriculture merely as a secondary occupation” (The North-Western Provinces of India; their history, ethnology, and administration)

​

“I'or my own part have always been much impressed by the difficulty of conveying to European readers who have no experience of India even an approximate idea of the extraordinary complexity of the social system which is involved in the word "caste." At the risk of being charged with frivolity I shall, therefore, venture on an illustration, based on one which I published in Blackwood's Magazine a good many years ago, of a caste expressed in terms of an English social group. Let us take an instance, and, in order to avoid the fumes of bewilderment that are thrown off by uncouth names, let us frame it on English lines. Let us imagine the great tribe of Smith, the " noun of multitude," as a famous headmaster used to call it, to be transformed by art magic into a caste organized on the Indian model, in which all the subtle nuances of social merit and demerit which Punch and the society papers love to chronicle should have been set and hardened into positive regulations affecting the intermarriage of families. The caste thus formed would trace its origin back to a mythical eponymous ancestor, the first Smith who converted the rough stone hatchet into the bronze battleaxe and took his name from the "smooth"\ weapons that he wrought for his tribe. Bound together by this tie of common descent, they would recognize as the cardinal doctrine of their community the rule that a Smith must always marry a Smith, and could by no possibility marry a Brown, a Jones, or a Robinson. But overand above this general canon threeother modes or principles of grouping within the caste would be conspicuous. First of all, the entire caste of Smith would be split up into an indefinite number of "in-marrying" clans based upon all sorts of trivial distinctions. Brewing Smiths and baking Smiths, hunting Smiths and shooting Smiths, temperance Smiths and licensed-victualler Smiths, Smiths with double-barrelled names and hyphens, Smiths with double-barrelled names without hyphens, Conservative Smiths, Radical Smiths, tinker Smiths, tailor Smiths, Smiths of Mercia, Smithsof Wessex—all these and all other imaginable varieties of the tribe Smith would be as it were crystallized by an inexorable law forbidding the members of any of these groups to marry beyond the circle marked out by the clan-name. Thus the Unionist Mr. Smith could only marry a Unionist Miss Smith, and might not think of a Home Rule damsel ; the free-trade Smiths would have nothing to say to the tariff reformers ; a hyphen-Smith could only marry a hyphen-Smith, and so on. Secondly, within each class enquiry would disclose a number of "out-marrying" groups, bearing distinctive names, and governed by the rule that a man of one group could in no circumstances marry a girl of the same group. In theory each group would be regarded as a circle of bloodkindred and would trace its descent from a mythical or historical ancestor like the Wayland-Smith of the Berkshire hills, the Captain Smith who married Pocahontas, or the Mr. W. H. Smith of the railway bookstalls. The name of each would usually suggest its origin, and marriages within the limits defined by the group-name would be deemed incestuous, however remote the actual relationship between the parties concerned. A Wayland could not marry a Wayland, though the two might come from opposite ends of the kingdom and be in no way related, but must seek his bride in the Pocahontas or bookstall circle, and so on. Thus the system, the converse o{ that just described, would effect in a cumbrous and imperfect fashion what is done for ourselves by the table of prohibited degrees at the end of the Prayer-book—cumbrous because it would forbid marriage between people who are in no sense relations, and imperfect because the group-name would descend in the male line and would of itself present no obstacle to a man marrying his grandmother. Thirdly, running through the entire series of clans we should find yet another principle at work breaking up each in-marrying clan into three or four smaller groups which would form a sort of ascending scale of social distinction. Thus the clan of hyphen-Smiths, which we take to be the cream of the caste—the Smiths who have attained to the crowning glory of double names securely welded together by hyphens—would be again divided into, let us say, Anglican, Dissenting, and Salvationist hyphen-Smiths, taking regular rank in that order. Now the rule of this series of groups would be that a man of the highest or Anglican group might marry a girl of his own group or of the two lower groups, that a man of the second or Dissenting group might take a Dissenting or Salvationist wife, while a Salvationist man would be restricted to his own group. A woman, it will be observed, could under no circumstances marry down into a group below her, and it would be thought eminently desirable for her to marry into a higher group. Other things being equal, it is clear that two-thirds of the Anglican girls would get no husbands, and two-thirds of the Salvationist men no wives. These are some of the restrictions which would control the process of match-making among the Smiths if they were organized in a caste of the Indian type. There would also be restrictions as to food. The different in-marrying clans would be precluded from dining together, and their possibilities of reciprocal entertainment would be limited to those products of the confectioner's shop into the composition of which water, the most fatal and effective vehicle of ceremonial impurity, had not entered. Water pollutes wholesale, but its power as a conductor of malign influence admits of being neutralized by a sufficient admixture of milk, curds, whey, or clarified butter in fact, of anything that comes from the sacred cow. It would follow from this that the members of our imaginary caste could eat chocolates and other forms of sweetmeats together, but could not drink tea or coffee, and could only partake of ices if they were made with cream and were served on metal, not porcelain, plates. I am sensible of having trenched on the limits of literary and scientific propriety in attempting to describe an ancient and famous institution in unduly vivacious language, but the parallel is as accurate as any parallel drawn from the other end of the world can well be, and it has the advantage of being presented in terms familiar to European readers. The illustration, indeed, may be carried a step further. If we suppose the various aggregates of persons bearing the two or three thousand commonest English surnames to be formed into separate castes and organized on the lines described above, so that no one could marry outside the caste-name and could only marry within that limit subject to the restrictions imposed by differences' of residence, occupation, religion, custom, social status, and the like—the mental picture thus formed will give a fairly adequate idea of the bewildering complexity of the Indian caste system.”* (The people of India)

Jones’s theory of Indo-European language gave way to so many racial theories including the "Aryan invasion" hypothesis. Since Sanskrit had a lot in common with other languages in Europe, a popular assumption prevailed that there was a common ancestral race that later moved towards India and Europe from central Asia and conquered the land by subjugating the natives.
Later such racial theories were brought to the mainstream by people like Herbert Hope Risley and other students of “scientific racism”
Following are a few examples of how anthropology promoted scientific racism and created certain prejudice against the idea of Jati and Varna.

“It is impossible here to discuss at length the wide and difficult question of the value of anthropometry as a test of race, on which controversy is still active. " Of late years," says Mr. O'Malley, "anthropometry as a test of race has begun to fall out of favour." \ Perhaps it may be safer to say that measurements collected in a haphazard fashion among the larger composite groups, like Brahmans, Rajputs, Nayars, or Vellalas, which include all sorts and conditions of men, must remain of doubtful value, unless it is certain that the individuals who have been examined belong to sub-castes or families which have not been contaminated by union with outsiders.”* (The people of India)

The below accounts mention how only a very few parameters were considered by Risley. Risley’s whole theory was built around the original “Casta system” how people with different skin colours and physical attributes could be treated as different races and how people can be classified based on the "purity of the blood".

“Secondly, it has been urged that Risley devoted too little attention to the influence of environment in modifying bodily structure. The views of Professor Franz Boas, who claims to have proved that the head-forms of immigrants to the United States rapidly become modified in their environment, have not been universally accepted. \ But the stress laid on these influences by Professor W. Ridgeway deserve more attention than they have hitherto received in India. It can hardly, it is urged, be possible that the differences of climate, soil, and food supplies throughout the Indian Peninsula fail to exert their influence 'on the physical characteristics of the population. The contrast between the deltas of the great rivers and regions like the Panjab, the Deccan, or the forest and hill tracts is obvious. Differences in the food supply equally deserve investigation, when we compare the races of Bengal or Madras, who mainly subsist on rice, with the people of the Deccan whose staple food is . millet, the Panjabi who eats wheat or barley, the jungle-dwellers who largely use the wild products of the forest.”* (The people of India)
“…, the views expressed 'in this work on the origin of the Rajputs, Jats, and Marathas have met with vigorous criticism. Accepting the fact that the people of Central Asia are of an uniform brachycephalic type, Risley argued that it was impossible to suppose that the long-headed Rajputs and Jats could be descended from races entering India from that region… As regards the Marathas, Risley suggested that they originated in bodies of Scythians, driven from the grazing-grounds of the Western Panjab towards the south, where they intermingled with the Dravidian type. There seems to be, however, no historical, or even traditional, evidence of a Scythian migration into the Deccan.” (The people of India)

​

“It is a familiar experience that the ordinary untravelled European, on first arriving in India, finds much difficulty in distinguishing one native of the country from another. To his untrained eye all Indians are black; all have the same cast of countenance; and all, except the " decently naked labouring classes, wear loose garments which revive dim memories of the attire of the Greeks and Romans. An observant man soon shakes off these illusions and realizes the extraordinary diversity of the types which are met with everywhere in India. The first step in his education is to learn to tell a Hindu from a Muhammadan. A further stage is reached when it dawns upon him that the upper classes of Hindus are much fairer than the lower and that their features are moulded on finer lines.”
.
“For ethnological purposes physical characters may be said to be of two kinds indefinite characters which can only be described in more or less appropriate language, and definite characters which admit of being measured and reduced to numerical expression. The former class, usually called descriptive or secondary characters, includes such points as the colour and texture of the skin; the colour, form, and position of the eyes the colour and character of the hair; and the form of the face and features. Conspicuous as these traits are, the difficulty of observing, defining, and recording them is extreme. Colour, the most striking of them all, is perhaps the most evasive, and deserves fuller discussion as presenting a typical instance of the shortcomings of the descriptive method. Some forty years ago the French anthropologist Broca devised a chromatic scale consisting of twenty shades, regularly graduated and numbered, for registering the colour of the eyes, and thirty-four for the skin. The idea was that the observer would consult the scale and note the numbers of the shades which he found to correspond most closely with the colouring of his subjects.”
.
“The proportions of the nose are determined on the same principle as those of the skull.. The length the nasal breadth are measured from certain specified points, and the latter dimension is expressed as a percentage of the former.- The nasal index, therefore, is simply the relation of the breadth of the nose to its length. If a man's nose is as broad as it is long—no infrequent case among the Dravidians—his index is loo…It thus represents very distinctly the personal impressions which a particular type conveys to the observer. The broad nose of the Negro or of the typical Dravidian is his most striking feature, and the index records its proportions with unimpeachable accuracy. Where races with different nasal proportions have intermixed, the index marks the degree of crossing that has taken place; it records a large range of variations ; and it enables us to group types in a serial order corresponding to that suggested by other characters.”

To know how scientific racism was implemented and how it impacted the 1901 census and the British policies, please read “The people of India” and about the "contribution" of Risley.
If anyone thinks that racism was not prevalent in Europe at that time, please read the following account

“There is likewise a male orphan asylum, where the boys are brought up to different trades. If such establishments are wanted anywhere, it is in India, where the numbers of half-caste, and therefore (if 1 may use the expression), half-parented children, exceed what one could imagine. I cannot but think it a cruelty to send children of colour to Europe, where their complexion must subject them to perpetual mortification. Here, being in their own country, and associating with those in the same situation with themselves, they have a better chance of being happy.” (Journal of a residence in India)

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Every country strives to keep its citizens and national property safe, and for this, it depends on the police, military forces, and intelligence department. As they are the one who discovers the upcoming threats, take steps of security, and to defeat the enemies. In this procedure, a very vital role is played by a spy and Security Advisor as one gathers information, and the other helps to make the correct decision. We appreciate some of them, and others go unnoticed, but this does not distract their determination, and we live peacefully in our homes because of the real-life heroes. Our existence and prosperity is a gift from these fighters who dedicate their life for our safety.
There are only a few people who have been able to serve the motherland by taking up different roles for countrymen’s safety and never stop doing the duty. Ajit Doval is the man with the vision to dedicate his life to protect his homeland, and he became an IPS officer, spy, director at the intelligence bureau, and National Security Advisor. His story is an example of patriotism and sacrifice for the youth and upcoming generations, which motivates them to do something for the nation’s welfare.
Inheriting Patriotism
“Patriotism is religion and religion is love for India”.-Bankim Chandra Chatterjee On 20 January 1945, a baby boy was born in the family of Major G. N Doval in a small village Ghiri Banelsyun of Uttarakhand, which was then a United Provision. The child was named Ajit, and that meant unconquered, and his life journey proved why the name was the best fit for him. As the young one grew in free India, he was impressed by the stories of the freedom fighters, and his father’s dedication towards serving the nation inspired the young boy. Thus the lad also started dreaming of doing the same. Moreover, he could see the growth of newly independent India and the need for securing the people in the motherland, and this also gave wings to his desire.
ajit doval national security advisor
Ajit Doval joined the Ajmer Military School which was formerly known as King George's Royal Indian Military School of Rajasthan for his early education and this helped him to learn discipline, adaptability, and persistence. Later, he graduated with a master’s degree in Economics from Agra University. Subsequently, the educated man decided to appear for the civil service exam, and fortunately, he cleared the exam after working hard for several days and nights. It became the first step of his desire to serve the nation.
Serving as IPS Officer
“The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.” -Mahatma Gandhi The first posting of the aspirant succeeding all the procedures of civil service was at the Kollam district of Kerala in 1968. During this time, he actively participated in anti-insurgency operations in Mizoram and Punjab which included undercover operations and gathered many vital pieces of information. The officer did his duty efficiently adapting both roles of police and secret agent.
The public servant also played a vital role in the recovery of the loots caused in the Thalassery Riot in 1972, and in the course of time, the state government appointed him as SI of Kannur Town Police Station. The intelligent man not only brought the criminals in custody but also carried out a handy plan to stop the violence, and it worked successfully. His service days in the town were for five months, yet it was a constructive time for welfare.
In a short period of 6 years, Ajit Doval was appreciated with a Police medal by the Indian Government for his outstanding service, and this made him the youngest officer to receive the award. Usually, it takes almost a decade to receive the award, whereas Ajit Doval made himself capable of the reward in a short time. The dedicated man never stepped back from doing his duty and glorified the honour of the towns wherever he worked in the passing year.
Working as Undercover
“Soldiers who always remain faithful to their nation, who are always prepared to sacrifice their lives, are invincible.” -Subhas Chandra Bose In 1988 during the operation black thunder II, Ajit Doval was present in the Golden Temple of Amritsar while Khalistani militants barricaded themselves in the complex. Even though he was inside the temple, the secret agent successfully gave every detail of the action taking place in the house-of-worship. The wise man entered the religious site pretending to be a rickshaw puller and also convinced the hijackers of being an ISI operative and had come to fight against the government. It helped him to understand the plans of terrorists and eventually was able to assist the military forces in taking the terror group down. The brave man risked his life to reduce casualty and protect the pilgrimage.
Ajit Doval inspiring story
The mastermind worked as undercover for almost seven years in Pakistan, where he played the role of a Muslim citizen. The intelligence officer was so accurate with his work that nobody was able to recognise him. It was only once when a man with a long beard identified him and asked if he was Hindu. Ajit Doval tried to hide the truth initially, saying that he comes from a Hindu family and then converted to Islam, but the stranger was not convinced. The unknown man said that he was a Hindu and showed the Idol of Lord Shiva at home, and the unfamiliar elderly was also living as a Muslim citizen in the country. Even after this incident, Ajit Doval continued his operation after the success of which he worked in the Indian Commission of Pakistan.
The undercover agent has also completed missions in North East and Jammu Kashmir, which helped stop many terrible attacks and to run elections peacefully in several sensitive areas. The spy also played an essential part in the merger of Sikkim in India. Throughout his journey as an intelligent agent, he never feared losing his life and was promoted as Director of Intelligence bureau in 2004.
A short break
“Remember, no one is stopping you from lighting a lamp in a dark night.” – Harivansh Rai Bacchan In January 2005, the dedicated citizen retired from the duty of the Intelligence Bureau and began spending valuable time with his family. But the gentleman was born to devote his life to assisting people around him and so started charity work and became the founding director of the Vivekananda International Foundation, which was set up by Vivekananda Kendra. Even after retiring, Ajit Doval was always involved in the discourse of National security in India.
He began writing editorials for popular newspapers and journals, which were the source of learning for aspiring students and people working with National security. The ex-Intelligent agent gave lectures on India’s security challenges and foreign policies at different government and non-government institutes and even abroad. His speech offered a clear vision of safety and had a significant impact on the listeners. Moreover, he accompanied other writers in 2009 and 2011 on two reports, which were Indian Black Money Abroad In Secret Banks and Tax Havens. Ajit Doval was leading the group of writers as he was a part of the task force constituted by BJP. Thus, the retired officer contributed his precious time in educating the youth and also showed the problems that affect the countrymen.
Restarting with Pride
“Do not lower your goals to the level of your abilities. Instead, raise your abilities to the height of your goals.” - Swami Vivekananda On 24th May 2014, when BJP became the ruling party and elected Narendra Modi as the Prime Minister of India, then Ajit Doval was appointed as 5th National Security Advisor due to his outstanding experience. Soon after his joining in June 2014, a very critical problem arose in Iraq, where 46 nurses were trapped in a hospital. ISIL captured them, and so they lost contact with their families, and soon the situation reached the ears of the central Government. The Advisor himself took the task, and in a short time, he flew to Iraq for a secret mission. The officer consulted his contacts in the country and made all arrangements to rescue the nurses. All of his efforts paid off, and ISIL militants handed them to Kurdish authorities at Erbil city, then they were brought back to their homes in Kerala.
Ajit Doval took up many other missions, and challenges were solved by him that included the Myanmar strike, which was denied by their government. But the strike of September 2016 in Pakistan Occupied Kashmir(POK) was the talk of the world, and this idea came out of the mind of the intelligent man. The mastermind convinced the Indian government to take this step as an answer to the terrorist who attacked the military camp of URI.
Ajit Doval biography
Because of the impressive attempts made by him for India’s security, the clever man was again appointed as National Security Advisor on June 3 and also got the rank of Union Cabinet Minister.
Conclusion
“Life is like a game of cards. The hand you are dealt is determinism; the way you play it is free will.” – Jawaharlal Nehru Ajit Doval has proved his determination in serving the nation and for which he not only developed the skill but also worked with the presence of mind. People like him are born to dedicate their lives to the country and its citizens. His life teaches the youth to never resist themself from contributing to India, even without being a part of the military force. The enlightened individual in all his professions performed the duty effortlessly without any failure or distraction. Any job we as countrymen take should be done selflessly for the progress and prosperity of our country as nothing can stop us, not even our birthplace. The only thing all of us need to do is to make a path for ourselves to grow and grab the opportunity as soon as you find one. Lastly, Salute the son of mother India, who also played a part in protecting us.

Every country strives to keep its citizens and national property safe, and for this, it depends on the police, military forces, and intelligence department. As they are the one who discovers the upcoming threats, take steps of security, and to defeat the enemies. In this procedure, a very vital role is played by a spy and Security Advisor as one gathers information, and the other helps to make the correct decision. We appreciate some of them, and others go unnoticed, but this does not distract their determination, and we live peacefully in our homes because of the real-life heroes. Our existence and prosperity is a gift from these fighters who dedicate their life for our safety.
There are only a few people who have been able to serve the motherland by taking up different roles for countrymen’s safety and never stop doing the duty. Ajit Doval is the man with the vision to dedicate his life to protect his homeland, and he became an IPS officer, spy, director at the intelligence bureau, and National Security Advisor. His story is an example of patriotism and sacrifice for the youth and upcoming generations, which motivates them to do something for the nation’s welfare.
Inheriting Patriotism
“Patriotism is religion and religion is love for India”.-Bankim Chandra Chatterjee On 20 January 1945, a baby boy was born in the family of Major G. N Doval in a small village Ghiri Banelsyun of Uttarakhand, which was then a United Provision. The child was named Ajit, and that meant unconquered, and his life journey proved why the name was the best fit for him. As the young one grew in free India, he was impressed by the stories of the freedom fighters, and his father’s dedication towards serving the nation inspired the young boy. Thus the lad also started dreaming of doing the same. Moreover, he could see the growth of newly independent India and the need for securing the people in the motherland, and this also gave wings to his desire.
ajit doval national security advisor
Ajit Doval joined the Ajmer Military School which was formerly known as King George's Royal Indian Military School of Rajasthan for his early education and this helped him to learn discipline, adaptability, and persistence. Later, he graduated with a master’s degree in Economics from Agra University. Subsequently, the educated man decided to appear for the civil service exam, and fortunately, he cleared the exam after working hard for several days and nights. It became the first step of his desire to serve the nation.
Serving as IPS Officer
“The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.” -Mahatma Gandhi The first posting of the aspirant succeeding all the procedures of civil service was at the Kollam district of Kerala in 1968. During this time, he actively participated in anti-insurgency operations in Mizoram and Punjab which included undercover operations and gathered many vital pieces of information. The officer did his duty efficiently adapting both roles of police and secret agent.
The public servant also played a vital role in the recovery of the loots caused in the Thalassery Riot in 1972, and in the course of time, the state government appointed him as SI of Kannur Town Police Station. The intelligent man not only brought the criminals in custody but also carried out a handy plan to stop the violence, and it worked successfully. His service days in the town were for five months, yet it was a constructive time for welfare.
In a short period of 6 years, Ajit Doval was appreciated with a Police medal by the Indian Government for his outstanding service, and this made him the youngest officer to receive the award. Usually, it takes almost a decade to receive the award, whereas Ajit Doval made himself capable of the reward in a short time. The dedicated man never stepped back from doing his duty and glorified the honour of the towns wherever he worked in the passing year.
Working as Undercover
“Soldiers who always remain faithful to their nation, who are always prepared to sacrifice their lives, are invincible.” -Subhas Chandra Bose In 1988 during the operation black thunder II, Ajit Doval was present in the Golden Temple of Amritsar while Khalistani militants barricaded themselves in the complex. Even though he was inside the temple, the secret agent successfully gave every detail of the action taking place in the house-of-worship. The wise man entered the religious site pretending to be a rickshaw puller and also convinced the hijackers of being an ISI operative and had come to fight against the government. It helped him to understand the plans of terrorists and eventually was able to assist the military forces in taking the terror group down. The brave man risked his life to reduce casualty and protect the pilgrimage.
Ajit Doval inspiring story
The mastermind worked as undercover for almost seven years in Pakistan, where he played the role of a Muslim citizen. The intelligence officer was so accurate with his work that nobody was able to recognise him. It was only once when a man with a long beard identified him and asked if he was Hindu. Ajit Doval tried to hide the truth initially, saying that he comes from a Hindu family and then converted to Islam, but the stranger was not convinced. The unknown man said that he was a Hindu and showed the Idol of Lord Shiva at home, and the unfamiliar elderly was also living as a Muslim citizen in the country. Even after this incident, Ajit Doval continued his operation after the success of which he worked in the Indian Commission of Pakistan.
The undercover agent has also completed missions in North East and Jammu Kashmir, which helped stop many terrible attacks and to run elections peacefully in several sensitive areas. The spy also played an essential part in the merger of Sikkim in India. Throughout his journey as an intelligent agent, he never feared losing his life and was promoted as Director of Intelligence bureau in 2004.
A short break
“Remember, no one is stopping you from lighting a lamp in a dark night.” – Harivansh Rai Bacchan In January 2005, the dedicated citizen retired from the duty of the Intelligence Bureau and began spending valuable time with his family. But the gentleman was born to devote his life to assisting people around him and so started charity work and became the founding director of the Vivekananda International Foundation, which was set up by Vivekananda Kendra. Even after retiring, Ajit Doval was always involved in the discourse of National security in India.
He began writing editorials for popular newspapers and journals, which were the source of learning for aspiring students and people working with National security. The ex-Intelligent agent gave lectures on India’s security challenges and foreign policies at different government and non-government institutes and even abroad. His speech offered a clear vision of safety and had a significant impact on the listeners. Moreover, he accompanied other writers in 2009 and 2011 on two reports, which were Indian Black Money Abroad In Secret Banks and Tax Havens. Ajit Doval was leading the group of writers as he was a part of the task force constituted by BJP. Thus, the retired officer contributed his precious time in educating the youth and also showed the problems that affect the countrymen.
Restarting with Pride
“Do not lower your goals to the level of your abilities. Instead, raise your abilities to the height of your goals.” - Swami Vivekananda On 24th May 2014, when BJP became the ruling party and elected Narendra Modi as the Prime Minister of India, then Ajit Doval was appointed as 5th National Security Advisor due to his outstanding experience. Soon after his joining in June 2014, a very critical problem arose in Iraq, where 46 nurses were trapped in a hospital. ISIL captured them, and so they lost contact with their families, and soon the situation reached the ears of the central Government. The Advisor himself took the task, and in a short time, he flew to Iraq for a secret mission. The officer consulted his contacts in the country and made all arrangements to rescue the nurses. All of his efforts paid off, and ISIL militants handed them to Kurdish authorities at Erbil city, then they were brought back to their homes in Kerala.
Ajit Doval took up many other missions, and challenges were solved by him that included the Myanmar strike, which was denied by their government. But the strike of September 2016 in Pakistan Occupied Kashmir(POK) was the talk of the world, and this idea came out of the mind of the intelligent man. The mastermind convinced the Indian government to take this step as an answer to the terrorist who attacked the military camp of URI.
Ajit Doval biography
Because of the impressive attempts made by him for India’s security, the clever man was again appointed as National Security Advisor on June 3 and also got the rank of Union Cabinet Minister.
Conclusion
“Life is like a game of cards. The hand you are dealt is determinism; the way you play it is free will.” – Jawaharlal Nehru Ajit Doval has proved his determination in serving the nation and for which he not only developed the skill but also worked with the presence of mind. People like him are born to dedicate their lives to the country and its citizens. His life teaches the youth to never resist themself from contributing to India, even without being a part of the military force. The enlightened individual in all his professions performed the duty effortlessly without any failure or distraction. Any job we as countrymen take should be done selflessly for the progress and prosperity of our country as nothing can stop us, not even our birthplace. The only thing all of us need to do is to make a path for ourselves to grow and grab the opportunity as soon as you find one. Lastly, Salute the son of mother India, who also played a part in protecting us.