I understand the grumblings about Goldy & Arenado not producing similar to what they have in the past nor living up to their mega-contracts but if you look around the league they’re far from alone
Ronald Acuna Jr- only 3 HR .342 SLG% and .696 OPS
Randy Arozarena- batting .160 with a .340 SLG% and .600 OPS
Alex Bregman- batting .225 .358 SLG% .651 OPS
Corbin Carroll- batting .193 .255 SLG% .539 OPS
Nick Castellanos- batting .205 .311 SLG% .587 OPS
Matt Chapman- one of Boras “Big Four” batting .210 .347 SLG% .606 OPS
Carlos Correa- only 2 HR 10 RBI on a contract that pays him $32M in 2024
Matt Olson- batting .218 .401 SLG% .731 OPS
Julio Rodriguez- 2 HR 13 RBI .325 SLG% .639 OPS
These are just a few of the prime examples. Then there’s Mike Trout getting injured (again) at a salary of $37M for 2024 and the Jose Abreu debacle of being optioned to the Astros minor league complex after only batting .099 through his first 71 ABs
It’s a very long season and many of these players stats will regress towards the mean when it’s all said and done. Goldy has looked better of late and if Arenado can tap back into his pull side power hopefully they get back to being the best versions of themselves that we all know and love

Example: I needed some dental work. Insurance covers most of it but I had a copay and deductible. Dentist office checked with insurance company beforehand and got a very specific number - $539 - that I would have to pay. I paid it as soon as the work was done. A month later I get a bill from the dentist for another $68, because the insurance company didn't pay what they expected.
Something like this every time I go to any healthcare provider, not just my dentist.
Why can't the providers and the insurance companies communicate better up front?

Hi all,
I'm a 36M, 175cm (5 foot 9) and currently weigh 94KG. Goal weight is 80KG to begin with, I've never been that light in my adult life so I'm not actually sure what is the right weight for me, but we can cross that bridge when we get to it!
I run quite a bit, 5 or 6 times a week. I will be doing my 2nd marathon in October, after a Marathon that didn't go to plan last year (I finished, but struggled for the second half of it)
I would have been between 91 and 93KG doing the marathon last year, but that was down from 103KG in February, the vast majority of the weight loss happened in the first half of the year, I focused a lot more on fueling for running in the 3 months up to the marathon than trying to lose weight.
I put on some weight after the marathon training with the reduction in running, Christmas and whatever other excuses I can find! I was up to 97KG, despite still running 3/4 times a week.
I've been counting calories for the last 2 weeks with myfitnesspal. I gave it my details, with the stationary setting (I work an office job, from home most of the time) and mfp is connected to my Garmin. So my calorie allowance is 1500 + whatever comes from exercise.
The tracking is going well, I'm mainly eating 3 meals a day, with the odd piece of fruit or something for a snack if needed. I eat well during these 3 meals, especially lunch. No one who saw my lunch plate would think I'm trying to aim for a calorie deficit!
But the biggest issue I have is figuring out what to do with the extra calories mfp gives me from exercise. Take for example yesterday
Base - 1500

• extra from 14K run - 1317
  
• extra from steps (22k) - 554
  

I ate 2200 calories yesterday, which meant I had a deficit on mfp of 1100 calories.
My food from yesterday:
Breakfast was Overnight oats made with greek yoghurt with apple, honey and sunflower seeds - 413
During the run I had a gel and Post Run I had a banana and a Protein shake - 475
Lunch was a 3 egg omelette with chorizo and some veg with half a can of air fryed chickpeas (I'd normally have a pork chop instead of the chickpea, but I ran out) - 690
Evening snack I ate some more (1/4 can) of the chickpeas - 57
Dinner I had beef bolognase with pasta and mixed veg - 539
When I was logging my dinner I was looking at this 1100 deficit and wondering what am I meant to do with this! I was hungry pre all my meals, but I wasn't hungry after them. I was going to bed shortly after my dinner anyways. My wife was suggesting having a treat or something with the excess, but didn't really have any desire to have a treat!
I don't typically run 14k either, most of my runs are 5/6k, with one long run at the weekend so the additional is usually a lot lower than this.
So some questions (sorry about the rambling post up to this point) - Is mfp/garmin double dipping with the calories it's giving me? The vast majority of the 22k steps would have come from the 14k run which it has already given me calories for. I was out gardening yesterday after the run so was more active than normal.

• On days like these should I just be trying to eat bigger portions of stuff to reduce the calorie deficit even if I feel ok? I generally felt pretty good yesterday. I do probably need to increase my carbs on the day before longer runs as I definitely should be able to do better 14Ks than I did yesterday, especially as I get lighter.
  
• any other suggestions on what to do in this situation?
  

Thanks!

/DoctorWho

716,539 companions travelling in the TARDIS for 16 years!
 
It's Doctor Who Day!
Well, not in the UK yet. Doctor Who's newest season to reboot the franchise softly - the aptly titled Season One - premieres in the UK at midnight, in about seven hours at the time of posting. But... for American audiences, Doctor Who premieres today - May 10 - at 4pm Pacific/7 Eastern (on Disney+ in the US and worldwide). So, in honour of Doctor Who Day for those in the UTC timezone or earlier, let's have a lot at the show's biggest community on Reddit - /DoctorWho!
First, let's talk about the community, which is fantastic. Absolutely fantastic. Doctor Who fans are sometimes called Whovians, and many Whovians love cosplay. Like this person who was lucky enough to meet Peter Capaldi and Paul McGann in Missy cosplay! Or this Tenth Doctor cosplay, which pairs well with some Rose Tyler cosplay. Spookier yet, a Weeping Angel.
The creativity doesn't end there. /DoctorWho, being all about Doctor Who and its related media, has a great mix of discussion threads, pictures from the show, news, theories, and arts and crafts. Some examples of these are this comparison of Tom Baker in Leisure Hive, 1980, versus Tom at 89, this collection of hugs in the show, and these really cool sketches of the 12th Doctor! For other types of Doctor Who-related posts on Reddit, there's /Gallifrey for more discussion-oriented stuff, /DoctorWhumour for memes and meme-like stuff, leaving /DoctorWho for (almost) everything else (check the rules!). See you on there!
 
Here is a taste of what you can find on /DoctorWho:

1. Really needs to be acknowledged that Rose 100% had depression (4726 upvotes, 249 comments)
2. I made my own Dalek with paper and some beads (876 upvotes, 39 comments)
3. The Disney+ budget is really coming through here (2049 upvotes, 178 comments)

Written by verifypassword__

The End of the Old Testament

Beginning in 606 BC, Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon launched the first of three successive attacks upon the city of Jerusalem and the people of Judah. During the second attack (597 BC), Ezekiel, Daniel, and about 10,000 other inhabitants of Jerusalem were carried into captivity. During the third attack (587-586 BC) Jerusalem was completely destroyed. Her walls were broken down. The gates were burned. The temple was destroyed. The city was left desolate in shambles.
While in captivity, Daniel foretold that the Babylonian Empire would be overtaken by the Medes and the Persians, the Medes and the Persians would be conquered by the Greeks, the Greeks would be conquered by the Maccabeans (Hasmoneans), and the Hasmoneans would be conquered by the Romans. The Romans later installed the Herodians as vassal (or "client") kings of Rome over Judea. Daniel further foretold that the establishment of the kingdom of God would take place during the days of the this mixed empire (Dan. 2:41-44); this empire began near the end of the "intertestamental period," spilling over into the times of the New Testament.

The Intertestamental Period

The time between the last writings of the Old Testament and the appearance of Christ is known as the “intertestamental” (or “between the testaments”) period. It lasted from the prophet Malachi’s time (about 400 BC) to the preaching of John the Baptist (about AD 25). The political, religious, and social atmosphere of Israel changed significantly during this period. Again, much of what happened was predicted by the prophet Daniel. (See Daniel chapters 2, 7, 8, and 11 and compare to historical events.)
Israel was under the control of the Persian Empire about 539–332 BC. The Persians allowed the Jews to practice their religion with little interference. They were even allowed to rebuild and worship at the temple (2 Chron. 36:22-23, Ezra 1:1-4). This span of time included the last 100 years of the Old Testament period and about the first 100 years of the intertestamental period. This time of relative peace and contentment was just the calm before the storm.
During the intertestamental period, Alexander the Great defeated Darius of Persia, bringing Greek rule to the world. Alexander was a student of Aristotle and was well-educated in Greek philosophy and politics. Alexander required that Greek culture be promoted in every land that he conquered. As a result, the Hebrew Old Testament was translated into Greek, becoming the translation known as the Septuagint. Most of the New Testament references to Old Testament Scripture use the Septuagint phrasing. Alexander did allow religious freedom for the Jews, though he still strongly promoted Greek lifestyles. This was not a good turn of events for Israel, since the Greek culture was very worldly, humanistic, and ungodly. As a result, many in the Jewish population would begin to adopt increasingly Hellenistic views and ways of thinking about God and the Scriptures.
After Alexander died, Judea was ruled by a series of successors, culminating in the Selucid king Antiochus Epiphanes. Antiochus did far more than refuse religious freedom to the Jews. Around 167 BC, he overthrew the rightful line of the priesthood and desecrated the temple, defiling it with unclean animals and a pagan altar (see Mark 13:14 for a similar event to take place in the then future). Antiochus’ act was the religious equivalent of rape. Eventually, Jewish resistance to Antiochus, led by Judas Maccabeus and the Hasmoneans, restored Jewish priests and rescued the temple. The period of the Maccabean Revolt was one of war, violence, and infighting.
Around 63 BC, Pompey of Rome conquered Israel, putting all of Judea under control of the Caesars. This eventually led to Herod being made the vassal (or "client") king of Judea by the Roman emperor and senate. This is the nation that taxed and controlled the Jews and eventually executed the Messiah on a Roman cross. Roman, Greek, and Hebrew cultures were now mixed together in Judea.
The years of Herod’s rule were a time of turmoil for the Jewish people. He was an Idumean. His ancestors had been forced to convert to Judaism, but the Jews never accepted Herod. In fact, they resented him. He was the representative of a foreign power. Scheming, jealous, and cruel, he killed two of his own wives and at least three of his own sons. Just five days before his own death, Herod had his oldest son, Antipater, put to death. Augustus once said that it was better to be Herod’s pig than his son (a wordplay, since the Greek words for pig, hus, and for son, huios, sound very much alike). His relations with Rome were sometimes troubled due to the unsettled conditions in the empire. Herod was a strong supporter of Antony, though he could not tolerate Cleopatra with whom Antony had become enamored. When Antony was defeated by Octavian (31 BC), Herod pledged his full support to Octavian.
Herod proved himself an efficient administrator on behalf of Rome. He kept the peace among a people who were hard to rule. He was a cruel and merciless man. Yet, during a time of great famine, he used his own funds to feed the people. Among his many building projects in Jerusalem, his greatest contribution to the Jews was the beautification of the Temple in Jerusalem. This beautification seems to have largely been an attempt to conciliate his subjects. The Temple, decorated with white marble, gold, and jewels, became proverbial for its splendor: “Whoever has not seen the temple of Herod has seen nothing beautiful.”
It was during the reign of Herod that Jesus was born (Matt. 2:1-18, Luke 1:5). Herod was the king who ordered the execution of the male babies in Bethlehem, for fear of being usurped by the prophesied Messiah (Matt. 2:16-18).

Major Political Events of the New Testament

At his death (4 BC), Herod left his kingdom to three of his sons. Antipas became tetrarch (“ruler of a fourth”) of Galilee and Perea (4 BC–AD 39). Philip became tetrarch of the Gentile regions to the northeast of the Sea of Galilee (4 BC—AD 34). Archelaus was to be king of Judea and Samaria, but Rome refused to give him the title of king. He was ethnarch (“ruler of the people”) of these two territories. He proved to be a poor ruler and was deposed (6 AD). His territories were placed under the direct rule of Roman procurators under the control of the governor of Syria.
John the Baptist rebuked Antipas for divorcing his wife in order to marry Herodias, the wife of Philip, his half brother. In retaliation, Herodias induced her dancing daughter to demand the head of John the Baptist. Antipas yielded to the grisly request (Mark 6:17-29, Matt. 14:3-12). Jesus once referred to Antipas as “that fox” (Luke 13:32). Later Jesus stood trial before him (Luke 23:7-12).
Except for brief periods, Roman governors ruled Archelaus’s former territory. The fifth procurator appointed to rule over Judea was Pontius Pilate, before whom Jesus stood trial prior to his crucifixion. Interestingly, three times Pilate pronounced Jesus innocent, yet he lacked the courage to set him free for fear of the angry mob whipped up by the enemies of Christ (John 18).
Herod Agrippa I, grandson of Herod the Great, executed James, the apostle and son of Zebedee, and imprisoned Peter (Acts 12:1-5). He was smitten of God when he accepted the praise of the people, “It is the voice of a god, and not of a man.” Luke tells us that because “he gave not God the glory,” “the angel of the Lord smote him" and "he was eaten of worms," and died (Acts 12:21-23).
The governor Felix heard the apostle Paul preach the gospel and trembled at the word, yet postponed obeying the gospel (Acts 24–25). He hoped that Paul would bribe him with money, but Paul never did and remained a prisoner for two years under the governor Felix.
Festus, who took the place of Felix, also heard Paul’s case (Acts 25). Willing to do the Jews a favor, Festus suggested that Paul return to Jerusalem to stand trial. Being a Roman citizen, and knowing that the Jews intended to kill him, Paul appealed his case to Caesar.
This presented a problem for Festus. He had no choice but to send Paul to Rome. The problem was that he did not have any charges to write in the papers to accompany Paul to Rome. Thus, he asked Herod Agrippa II, great-grandson of Herod the Great, to listen to Paul’s self-defense and see if he could determine what charges should be written against Paul before sending his case to Rome. Agrippa heard Paul’s self-defense and was “almost” persuaded to become a Christian himself (Acts 26:28).
Upon the death of Festus, Albinis and then Florus were appointed governors of Judea. It was during Florus' reign that the Jewish revolt of AD 66-70 took place, which ended with the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple in AD 70.

Groups, Peoples, and Philosophies of the Day

During the span of the Greek and Roman occupations, some important political/religious groups emerged in Israel. In a study of the New Testament, it is important to consider the historical background and significance of some of the Jewish groups in Palestine at the time, whose names are familiar as participants in the drama of early Christianity. These were the groups with whom Christ Jesus had to deal as he observed and often challenged their views. Entrenched in positions of authority and leadership through anciently established hierarchy, tradition, or inheritance, their resistance to change was almost inevitable.
Most familiar of the New Testament parties and groups in political and religious life were the Sadducees, the Pharisees, and the scribes. The nationalistic and revolutionary Zealots are also mentioned. The Herodians were exclusively a political party, members and supporters of the family of the Herods, whose titular authority was permitted by Rome. Finally, there's the Galileeans and the Samaritans, who weren't necessarily attached to any of the aformentioned ideologies, but were citizens of their respective states.
Jews and Samaritans were to have no dealings with each other, so Samaritans technically had no dog in this fight between the Jews' themselves and their own ideologies, but it's important to mention them because they contribute to the narrative of the New Testament through Jesus' dealings with them, and his famous parable of "the Good Samaritan."
THE SADDUCEES
The Sadducees constituted a conservative priestly party among the Jews. Their name probably derived from Zadok, the high priest who anointed Solomon as king (1 Kings 1:39). Comprised of high-priestly families from the Jewish aristocracy, who had come into power largely during the Maccabean War, they were educated and wealthy men, fairly few but wielding great power. No man who was unable to trace his descent from a priestly family could offer sacrifice in the Temple. The Sadducees represented the aristocrats and the wealthy. The Sadducees, who wielded power through the Sanhedrin, rejected all but the Mosaic books of the Old Testament. They refused to believe in resurrection and were generally shadows of the Greeks, whom they greatly admired.
While upholding the spread of Greek culture, the Sadducees stressed the letter of the Mosaic Law, or Torah. They denied the authority even of ancient tradition, and rejected the current concepts of angels, immortality, resurrection, and final judgment (Mark 12:18‐27, Acts 4:1-2; 23:8). They jealously guarded Temple worship and sacrificial rites, objecting to Jesus' cleansing of the Temple, which infringed their religious authority. After the destruction of the Second (or Herod's) Temple in 70 AD, when the Jewish state came to an end, their sway virtually ceased. In the absence of the Temple, the office of priest became obsolete, to be succeeded by that of the rabbi in the synagogue.
THE PHARISEES
It was when the people were in exile, Solomon's Temple having been destroyed, that the need arose for local gathering places, which became the forerunners of the synagogue. Even after some of the exiles returned to Palestine, and the Second (or Zerubbabel's) Temple was built, the continued dispersion of many Jews and the demand for Scriptural knowledge that came with the religious reformation of Ezra and Nehemiah made the synagogue and its school increasingly necessary. In New Testament times they prevailed in all cities and towns where Jewish people resided.
The beginnings of Pharisaism go back to the days of Ezra and Nehemiah, who lived about 450 years before the New Testament era. Ezra did much to bring stability to his nation in a period of downfall and discouragement. He upheld two main concepts, which formed, as it were, the heart of Pharisaism. First, he erected a distinct barrier between Jew and Gentile. The Jews he regarded as God's holy people. Intermarriage between them and others of mixed ancestry', such as the Samaritans, was not to be tolerated. Also, he made the Law of Moses the central point of Jewish religion, virtually establishing it as the constitution of the Jewish people.
In their objection to the Hellenizing of Judaism, after the rise of Alexander the Great, many Jews became even more strict in their desire to maintain the purity of their law and tradition. Thus it is easy to see how they came to be called Pharisees (Hebrew Perushim), meaning literally "separatists." These were the ones who adopted, or popularized, a prescriptive method of interpreting the Law of Moses, as opposed to the "descriptive wisdom" methodology of Jesus as seen in the New Testament.
Contributing a democratic influence in Judaism, Pharisees were basically laymen, coming from all walks of life, often including scribes and priests. Like the Sadducees, they sought to uphold the Mosaic Law, but their concern was to adapt its teachings to current situations, and their influence was primarily in the synagogue.
Much of the strength of Pharisaism came from the adaptability of this movement to changing conditions, a tendency which helped in preparing for Christianity. It was the Pharisees who were largely responsible for taking the Messianic idea and keeping it alive in the hopes of the people. Also, it was they who upheld the belief in immortality and the resurrection, to which the Sadducees took great exception. Unlike the Zealots, they generally rejected violence as a means to national liberation.
While modern research is providing justification for more favorable opinions concerning the Pharisees' role in history, there was ample room for Jesus' repeated denunciations of the abuses and inconsistencies he observed. The Pharisees added to the Law of Moses through oral tradition and eventually considered their own laws more important than God’s (Mark 7:1-23). While Christ’s teachings often agreed with the Pharisees, he railed against their hollow legalism and lack of compassion. Nevertheless, Pharisees such as Nicodemus (John 3:1; 19:39), Gamaliel (Acts 5:34) and his famous pupil, Saul of Tarsus (Acts 22:3) certainly represented the highest thought in Judaism.
THE SCRIBES
The powerful seventy-one-member Sanhedrin or Council, the highest Jewish court, was made up of Pharisees and Sadducees, with the high priest as president.
The scribes, strictly speaking, formed a legal profession rather than a party. They—and a nearly identical group, the lawyers—were usually Pharisees, though occasionally there were Sadducean scribes as well. They were professional teachers who were interpreters and transcribers of the Law at a time when hand-copying was the only method of preserving any document.
So insistent were the Jews upon maintaining the absolute accuracy of their sacred Scriptures that the work of the scribes demanded exceptional skill and mastery of the text. The Jews considered the Law of Moses to be the infallible standard, God's own law. It was their national, civil, moral, and religious law in one.
The scribes not only transmitted but contributed to "the tradition of the elders"—an ever-increasing body of legalistic detail, which, when committed to writing, formed the Talmud.
It was usual for the scribes to have another occupation to supplement their unpaid teaching and writing work. Their work combined the many functions of judge, lawyer, preacher, teacher, and scholar. The office of the scribe gradually merged into that of the rabbi, for when the canon of the Old Testament was finally settled in 90 AD—largely the result of the Pharisees' work—the need for the scribes as interpreters of the Law diminished.
There are many references to scribes in the Old Testament, but clearly "Ezra the scribe" (Neh. 8:1; 12:26) was the true antecedent of those referred to in the New.
THE ZEALOTS
The Zealots were members of a first-century political movement among Judean Jews who sought to overthrow the occupying Roman government. The word zealot derives from the Greek zelotes, meaning “emulator or (zealous) follower.”
According to the Jewish historian Josephus, the Zealots “agree in all other things with the Pharisaic notions; but they have an inviolable attachment to liberty, and say that God is to be their only Ruler and Lord" (Antiquities 18.1.6).
Hezekiah, under whose leadership the Zealots arose, was martyred by Herod. Their appearance on the political horizon of Palestine came early in the Roman occupation. According to Josephus, they "were particularly active in AD 6 during the revolt of Judas of Gamala, in Galilee, who maintained that compliance with the Roman demand for a census would constitute an act of enslavement 'among Palestinians." Josephus was apparently unaware of the role played by Hezekiah in the rise of the Zealots. This appears from his reference to Judas as their author.
They "were most influential in Galilee and later in Jerusalem, especially from the time of Herod (37 BC –AD 4) until the fall of Jerusalem (AD 70)."
"They refused to pay taxes and considered it a sin to acknowledge loyalty to Ceasar." They "harassed the Roman administration with every means at their disposal." They "relentlessly opposed the Roman attempt to bring Judea under her idolatrous rule."
It was from among the Zealots that the extreme Sicarri arose. The Sicarii were famous for hiding their daggers in their cloaks and using them to secretly target their enemies during the festivals (Antiquities 20.8.10). Some sources make a sharp distinction between the Zealots and the Sicarii, while others do not. It seems fair to say that the Sicarii were part of the Zealot movement, but not all Zealots were Sicarii. Thus, “Zealot” was an umbrella term for the revolutionaries who rebelled against Rome.
Some sources say that those who belonged to the family dynasty of Hezekiah were all Sicarii. Wikipedia designates the Sicarii as “a splinter group of the Jewish Zealots.” The Sicarii are mentioned in Acts 21:38, where Paul was asked if he was the Egyptian who had led 4000 assassins (or “dagger-bearers”) into the wilderness.
Of importance in New Testament history, the Zealots led a rebellion when Rome introduced imperial cult worship. The Great Jewish Revolt began in AD 66. The Zealots successfully overtook Jerusalem, but their revolt was ultimately unsuccessful. In AD 70, the Romans destroyed the city of Jerusalem and the Temple. A remnant of the Zealots then took refuge in Masada.
Josephus records many of the atrocities committed by the Zealots when they possessed Jerusalem, blaming them for being the ones truly responsible for its destruction, as the city was left quite desolate and chaotic by the time the Roman general Titus even came to finish it off.
It is my belief that there are, in fact, 5 kingdoms which precede the kingdom of God in Daniel chapter 2, and not 4, as commonly taught. It is also my belief that the fourth kingdom was the Hasmonean (Maccabean) Dynasty, and that the fifth kingdom (thus, the "Beast" of Revelation; see Daniel 7) wasn't Rome, but apostate Israel instead. It is my belief that the Beast represents apostate Israel as a whole, the culmination of which was the Zealots. This explains how it had authority over every nation (the Jewish Diaspora) and how it conquered the saints (same). The Zealots were just a symptom of the disease, but John’s vision focuses on them more because they were the ones who brought about the eschatological war.
THE HERODIANS
The Herodians held political power, and most scholars believe that they were a political party that supported King Herod Antipas, the Roman Empire’s ruler over much of the land of the Jews from 4 BC to AD 39. The Herodians favored submitting to the Herods, and therefore to Rome, for political expediency. This support of Herod compromised Jewish independence in the minds of the Pharisees, making it difficult for the Herodians and Pharisees to unite and agree on anything. But one thing did unite them—opposing Jesus. Herod himself wanted Jesus dead (Luke 13:31), and the Pharisees had already hatched plots against him (John 11:53), so they joined efforts to achieve their common goal.
The first appearance of the Herodians in Scripture is Mark 3:6, "And the Pharisees went forth, and straightway took counsel with the Herodians against him, how they might destroy him." Jesus had been doing miracles, which caused some of the people to believe in him for salvation, and that threatened the power and position of the Pharisees, the Sadducees, and the Herodians. The Herodians again joined with the Pharisees to challenge Jesus, to see if they could trap Jesus in his words by a trick question, to either discredit him or to get him to stop preaching (Matt. 22:15-22).
Jesus regarded the two groups as in unity against him and warned his followers against them: "Take heed, beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, and of the leaven of Herod." (Mark 8:15b). Yeast in this context is false teaching, the rejection of Jesus as the Messiah, and hypocrisy. Many scholars believe that the Herodians looked to Herod as a messiah, a savior of sorts who would put the Jewish land in favor with the Roman Empire and bring blessings to them. Jesus’ presentation of himself as the Messiah was a threat to the Herodians' attempt to make Herod the influential political power in the land.
In the then future (now past; we're Preterists), the Bible tells us that many would be deceived by an Antichrist figure and would view this Antichrist as a "messiah." He would be a political leader as well as a false religious leader, and he would promise peace and prosperity through policy. The Herodians at the time of Jesus were also focused on political goals rather than the eternal goals that Jesus proclaimed. They thought Herod might bring peace politically. But Jesus came to bring us salvation from our sins. The lesson we learn from the error of the Herodians is that we are not to trust in man's devices or politicians, as they trusted in Herod (Psa. 118:8). We are to put our trust in the Lord.
THE GALILEEANS
A Galilean was an inhabitant of the area in Israel near the Sea of Galilee. In the time of Christ, Galilee was the northernmost of the three provinces of Israel, above Samaria in the middle and Judea in the south. Approximately 700 years before Christ, Galilee’s Israelite inhabitants were conquered by Assyria. Most of the Jews living there were relocated to Assyria, while non-Jewish immigrants moved into Galilee (2 Kin. 15:29–17:24). This is why the Bible sometimes refers to the area as “Galilee of the Gentiles” (Isa. 9:1, Matt. 4:13-16).
Judeans tended to look down on Galileans, viewing them as uneducated and of questionable ancestry (John 1:46; 7:52). Galileans also had a reputation of being rabble-rousers, as they often took part in protests and uprisings against the Roman occupiers. It is significant that Jesus grew up in Galilee (Matt. 2:19‐23) and in Galilee recruited most of his disciples, started his ministry, and performed his first miracles (Matt. 4:17-23, John 2:11). Being Galilean, Jesus “was despised, and we esteemed him not” (Isa. 53:3).
We see glimpses in Scripture of how Galilee may have been a trouble spot for Roman rule. Gamaliel mentioned a failed revolt led by “Judas the Galilean” in Acts 5:37. In Luke 13:1-3, some people told Jesus about an incident involving Galileans: “There were present at that season some that told him of the Galilaeans, whose blood Pilate had mingled with their sacrifices” (vs. 1). Neither Scripture nor secular history gives any more details regarding this massacre, but it is likely that the Galileans, visiting Jerusalem to offer sacrifices, had been caught up in a nationalistic fervor and started a commotion on the temple mount. The Roman governor Pilate quickly and violently quelled the disturbance, killing the Galileans along with their sacrificial animals, perhaps as a public demonstration of how violators must “atone” for their “sins” against Rome.
Jesus responded to hearing about the massacre of the Galileans with a warning: “Suppose ye that these Galilaeans were sinners above all the Galilaeans, because they suffered such things? I tell you, Nay: but, except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish” (Luke 13:2b-3). Instead of conjecturing on the Galileans’ sin, Jesus said to his audience that they needed take care of their own sin. They all needed to repent.
Peter, being a Galilean, spoke in a northern Aramaic dialect, and his accent and vocabulary gave him away when he was trying to remain anonymous on the night of Jesus’ arrest. As Peter was sitting in a courtyard during one of Jesus’ trials, a servant girl came up to him and said, “Thou also wast with Jesus of Galilee” (Matt. 26:69c). Later, another servant girl said, “This fellow was also with Jesus of Nazareth” (vs. 71). A short time later, others said to Peter, “Surely thou also art one of them; for thy speech bewrayeth thee” (vs. 73). Galileans naturally stood out to the people of Jerusalem.
The fact that Jesus lived and ministered in Galilee is yet another example of his identification with those the world rejects. He came to seek and to save the lost. Those who follow his example will likewise proclaim his message and live out his teachings among culture’s outcasts and minister to “the least of these” (Matt. 25:40).
THE SAMARITANS
A Samaritan was a person from Samaria, a region north of Jerusalem. In Jesus’ day, the Jewish people of Galilee and Judea shunned the Samaritans, viewing them as a mixed race who practiced an impure, half-pagan religion.
Samaritans, as a people distinct from the Jews, are first mentioned in the Bible during the time of Nehemiah and the rebuilding of Jerusalem after the Babylonian captivity (Ezra 4:17, Neh. 2:10). Both Ezra chapter 4 and a fifth-century BC Aramaic set of documents called the Elephantine Papyri point to a schism between the Jews and Samaritans during this Persian period.
The Samaritans saw themselves as the keepers of the Torah and the true descendants of Israel, from the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. They had their own unique copy of the Pentateuch, the first five books of Moses, and believed they alone preserved the original Mosaic religion. Samaritans also had a unique religious system and established their primary worship site on Mount Gerizim. They considered the Jerusalem temple and the Levitical priesthood illegitimate.
The historian Josephus and Jewish tradition trace the origin of the Samaritans to the captivity of the northern kingdom under Assyria in 721 BC. Jews of the northern kingdom intermarried with Assyrians after the captivity and produced the half-Jewish, half-Gentile Samaritan race. When the Jews accused Jesus of being a “Samaritan” in John 8:48, they were rudely suggesting that he was a half-breed, born of an unfaithful mother.
In New Testament times, the Jews despised Samaritans and would have nothing to do with them. The Samaritans were still living primarily around Mount Gerizim (John 4:1-42), but also kept to their own villages (Matt. 10:5, Luke 9:52). Scripture mentions encounters with Samaritans in towns bordering Samaria (Luke 17:11-19) and on roads between Jerusalem and Jericho (Luke 10:29-37).
Jesus met with difficulty when ministering to people in Samaritan villages (Luke 9:52-53) and at one point told his disciples not to enter them (Matt. 10:5-6). Nonetheless, Christ shared the good news with Samaritans, ministering to a Samaritan woman (John 4:4-26) and healing a Samaritan leper (Luke 17:11-19).
The most recognized Samaritan in the Bible is the one in Jesus’ parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:29-37). A Jewish legal expert had put Jesus to the test, asking him to explain the commandment to “love your neighbor as yourself”; specifically, he asked Jesus to define the word neighbor.
That’s when Jesus told his parable of a man in need, portraying the Samaritan as the hero in the story. In the lawyer’s eyes, the Samaritan was the least likely candidate to act lovingly and compassionately to his neighbor. As intended, the story shocked Christ’s audience of prejudiced Jews. Jesus showed that authentic love must transcend all human boundaries of race, religion, nationality, economic class, and educational status.
In Acts 1:8, Jesus told his disciples that, by the power of the Holy Spirit, they would be his witnesses in Samaria. In Acts chapter 8 the prophecy was fulfilled, and Samaria became an early mission field for the spreading of the Church.

The Shammaite and Hillelite Interpretations of Mosaic Law

Shammai and Hillel were two influential Jewish rabbis whose commentaries on the Torah shaped Jewish theology and philosophy for hundreds of years. The Shammaite and Hillelite schools were the two dominant approaches to Jewish Law during the years of Jesus’ earthly ministry. Unfortunately, the destruction of the Temple in 70 AD resulted in the loss of most records relating to the debates between these two groups. The Hillelite school quickly gained dominance after the Temple was razed, so much of what we know about first-century Hillelite and Shammaite law comes exclusively from later Hillelite writers. These writers portray the Shammaite-Hillelite divide in a manner similar to modern two-party politics, with each side seemingly bound and determined to contradict the other on everything.
According to tradition, Shammai was a Pharisee who taught in the years just prior to Jesus’ birth. In his commentary on the Law, he emphasized the need for Temple rituals, and his interpretation is characterized as strict, literalist, and Israel-centric. The school that followed those interpretations is referred to as the Shammaite interpretation of Jewish Law.
Rabbi Hillel, a contemporary of Shammai, was less concerned with temple worship. His commentary is seen as being more liberal, tolerant, and accepting of Gentiles. Hillel was also known for codifying traditional patterns for exegesis into seven individual rules. His Hillelite school was a rival to the Shammaite approach. After the destruction of the Temple, the influence of the Shammaite school faded, and Hillel’s philosophy became the dominant approach to Jewish Law for more than 400 years.
Scholars are unsure how many of the differences between the Shammaite and Hillelite schools are factual and how many are the products of revisionist history. While Jewish scholars prior to 70 AD make frequent reference to the disagreements between these two groups, the vast majority of surviving records are from Hillelite writers. It’s possible that the Hillelites exaggerated some of the differences between Shammai and Hillel in order to portray Hillel in a more heroic light.
Even with such open questions, it’s clear that the interplay between Shammai and Hillel influenced Judaism during the early Christian era. The rivalry between the two schools greatly contributed to Judaism’s growing belief that the oral law—such as promoted in the Shammaite or Hillelite schools—was as authoritative as the written Torah.
Some scholars debate which school, Shammaite or Hillelite, had a greater influence on the theology of the New Testament. Jesus’ restrictive rules on divorce echo those of Shammai, while Hillel allowed for a wider range of acceptable reasons to end a marriage. Jesus also phrased the “Golden Rule” using a more challenging, positive expression, in contrast to Hillel’s lighter, negative expression of the same basic idea. At the same time, Jesus was welcoming of non-Jewish people and often castigated the Pharisees for their excessive legalism. The fact is that Jesus presented the truth, and his agreement with either Shammai or Hillel was secondary and coincidental. Jesus spoke the Father’s Word, and his teaching cannot be seen as a defense of any rabbi (John 12:49).
There is also an academic debate over the influence of Shammai and Hillel on the theology of the apostle Paul. On one hand, Paul was a student of Gamaliel, who came from the Hillelite school and might have even been Hillel’s grandson. But, prior to his conversion, Paul (Saul) was hardly a tolerant, Gentile-friendly Pharisee. Rather, in opposition to Gamaliel’s teaching, Paul took a severe stance. And in his letters Paul expresses an Israel-centric, all-or-nothing obedience to the Law (Rom. 3:19-28; cp. James 2:10), which many scholars would identify more with Shammai. Of course, as he was writing inspired Scripture, Paul was not concerned with what rabbi might have had a past influence upon him; he was “moved by the Holy Ghost” and wrote what the Spirit wanted (2 Pet. 1:21).

The Ediomite Lineage of Christ's Enemies

Around 63 BC, the Roman Triumvirate Pompey brought Judea under Roman Rule. He pushed all the Jews into the areas of Gallilee, Jericho and Jersalem. Then he settled Greeks and Syrians in the rest of the land of Palestine. Originally, Galilee was settled by the tribe of Benjamin who always followed the tribe of Judah.
A few years earlier, Hyrcanus, a descendant of the Maccabees, conquered the land of Idumea. Idumea was the home land of the Edomites. He forced all the Edomites to be circumcised and follow the Jewish laws.
The Jewish Encyclopedia, 1903 edition, says under the heading Edom:

"They were then incorporated with the Jewish nation, and their country was called by the Greeks and Romans “Idumea” . . . From this time the Idumeans ceased to be a separate nation, though the name “Idumea” still existed (in) the time of Jerome."

The Edomites were the descendants of Esau. Esau married into the families of the Canaanites. The Canaanites were the people that God told Moses and the Israelites to kill and drive out of the land of Canaan. They were warned never to mix or marry with the Canaanites. God gave Edom the land south of Judea. They were driven westward by the Natabeans to the area that became Idumea. Their border was only 19 miles from Jerusalem.
Flavus Josephus who lived from 37 AD to 100 AD confirms Edomite occupation in southern Judea:

“That country is also called Judea, and the people Jews; and this name is given also to as many as embrace their religion (Judaism), though of other nations. But then upon what foundation so good a governor as Hyrcanus (grandson of Mattathias patriarch of the Maccabees, a family of Judahite patriots of 2nd and 1st centuries B.C.) took upon himself to compel these Idumeans (Edomites) either to become Jews or to leave their country, deserves great consideration. I suppose it was because they had long ago been driven out of the land of Edom, and had SEIZED ON AND POSSESSED THE TRIBE OF SIMEON (their land not the people), AND ALL THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE TRIBE OF JUDAH, WHICH WAS THE PECULIAR INHERITANCE OF THE WORSHIPERS OF THE TRUE GOD WITHOUT IDOLATRY…”

The word “Jews” in Scripture often refers to the inhabitants of the land of Judea. But it can also mean the tribe of Judah in some cases, or those who simply follow the Jewish religion (Judaism). The name for the land of Palestine was called Judea because they combined the name Judah and Idumea.
Now at the time of the Messiah, the Sadducees were in control of the Temple. Pharisees were the synagogue leaders. According to the Ency. Britannica and Philo, there were 6,000 Pharisees during the time of the Messiah.
Some had to be non-Jews and Edomites. When Herod came to power, he solidified his position by bringing in relatives from Idumea and appointing many non-Jews to important positions. And he killed the entire Sanhedrin except Hillel and Shammai. Herod was practicing Judaism, as many Edomites and Nabateans had been commingled with the Jews and adopted their customs.
The Edomites were called the Herodians in Scripture, and were politically aligned with Herod. As shown earlier, they plotted with the Pharisees to kill the Messiah.
The Bible also shows that some of the Pharisees were Edomites. Notice the verse below:

"They answered him, We be Abraham's seed, and were never in bondage to any man: how sayest thou, Ye shall be made free?"-John 8:33

The Pharisees told the Messiah that they had never gone into bondage. This could only apply to the Edomites because the tribe of Judah was taken into captivity in around 586 BC by Babylon. They would have never told the Messiah that they never went into captivity. This verse proves that the Edomites were mixed among the Pharisees.
In the time of Christ, there were two Sanhedrins operating in Jerusalem, the first of which was a 23-member court run by the Sadducees that handled local affairs. Its larger counterpart, the Great Sanhedrin, was comprised of 70 elders with a president, who in the time of Jesus was Gamaliel. Acts 5:25 shows this group and the Great Sanhedrin coming together to discuss the problem of the Christians. The Great Sanhedrin functioned much like a combination of the Senate and Supreme Court, and most of its members at the time of the crucifixion were Pharisees from the school of Shammai.
You will note in the Book of Acts that Gamaliel, the president of the Great Sanhedrin, encouraged tolerance of the Christians. But because he and his followers were outnumbered by the aristocratic Sadducees and the Shammai-oriented Pharisees, the Great Sanhedrin ultimately elected to persecute the Christians. At the trial of Jesus before the elders of Israel, Gamaliel may not have been present. If he had, the circumstances may have turned out quite differently. The trial held to try Jesus was hurriedly assembled and included almost across the board members who were either Sadducees, or else Pharisees from the school of Shammai. It is possible that Nicodemus and Joseph of Arimithea represented the school of Hillel.

Conclusion

It's important to keep in mind when studying all this that Jesus came to establish the New Covenant, which is about a heavenly Jerusalem, not an earthly one like the Zealots and Pharisees of Jesus' day thought or like how Zionists today think: "And when he was demanded of the Pharisees, when the kingdom of God should come, he answered them and said, The kingdom of God cometh not with observation: Neither shall they say, Lo here! or, lo there! for, behold, the kingdom of God is within you" (Luke 17:20-21). Jesus even said, "My kingdom is not of this world: if my kingdom were of this world, then would my servants fight, that I should not be delivered to the Jews: but now is my kingdom not from hence" (John 18:36b).

Here is the history of the land:

1. ⁠Before Israel, there was a British mandate, not a Palestinian state
   
2. ⁠Before the British Mandate, there was the Ottoman Empire, not a Palestinian state.
   
3. ⁠Before the Ottoman Empire, there was the Islamic state of the Mamluks of Egypt, not a Palestinian state.
   
4. ⁠Before the Islamic state of the Mamluks of Egypt, there was the Ayubid Arab-Kurdish Empire, not a Palestinian state.
   
5. ⁠Before the Ayubid Empire, there was the Frankish and Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem, not a Palestinian state.
   
6. ⁠Before the , there was the Umayyad and Fatimid empires, not a Palestinian state.
   
7. ⁠Before the Umayyad and Fatimid empires, there was the Byzantine empire, not a Palestinian state.
   
8. ⁠Before the Byzantine Empire, there were the Sassanids, not a Palestinian state.
   
9. ⁠Before the Sassanid Empire, there was the Byzantine Empire, not a Palestinian state.
   
10. ⁠Before the Byzantine Empire, there was the Roman Empire, not a Palestinian state.
    
11. ⁠Before the Roman Empire, there was the Hasmonean state, not a Palestinian state.
    
12. ⁠Before the Hasmonean state, there was the Seleucid, not a Palestinian state.
    
13. ⁠Before the Seleucid empire, there was the empire of Alexander the Great, not a Palestinian state.
    
14. ⁠Before the empire of Alexander the Great, there was the Persian empire, not a Palestinian state.
    
15. ⁠Before the Persian Empire, there was the Babylonian Empire, not a Palestinian state.
    
16. ⁠Before the Babylonian Empire, there were the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, not a Palestinian state.
    
17. ⁠Before the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, there was the Kingdom of Israel, not a Palestinian state.
    
18. ⁠Befroe the 12 tribes of Israel there was independent cnanists city kingdoms not a Palestinian state.
    
19. ⁠Actually, in this piece of land there has been everything EXCEPT A PALESTINIAN STATE. The land of Israel has been populated by the Jewish people since 2000 BC. Here's the timeline, in case you didn't realize that its there homeland, . 2000BC Abraham chosen as the father of the Jewish nation 1900 BC: Isaac, rules over Israel. 1850 BC: Jacob, son of Issac, rules over Israel. 1400 BC: Moses leads the people back to Israel. 1010 BC: King David unites the 12 tribes into one nation. 970 BC: King Solomon, son of David, builds the first temple structure in Jerusalem 930 BC: Israel is divided into two kingdoms, the Kingdom of Israel and the Kingdom of Judah. 800s BC: The rise of the prophets 722 BC: Kingdom of Israel is conquered by Assyrians. 605 BC: Kingdom Judah is conquered by the Babylonians. 586 BC: Solomon's Temple is destroyed by the Babylonians. 539 BC: Persians conquer the Babylonians and take control of Israel. 538 BC: The Jews return to Israel from exile. 520 BC: The Temple is rebuilt. 450 BC: Reforms made by Ezra and Nehemiah. 433 BC: Malachi is the end of the prophetic age. 432 BC: The last group of Jews return from exile. 333 BC: The Greeks conquer the Persian empire. 323 BC: The Egyptian and Syrian empire take over Israel. 167 BC: Hasmonean's recapture Israel, and the Jews are ruled independently. 70 BC: Romans conquer Israel. 20 BC: King Herod builds the "second" temple 6 BC: Jesus Christ is born in Bethlehem 70 AD: Romans destroy the temple After that, the people were captives to the Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, and Crusaders. Through all of these events, the Jewish people continued to live in Israel. There were more or less of them, depending on the centuries, but there was never a time when the Jews didn't live in the land. They stayed, they built their communities, they raised their families, practiced their faith and they suffered at the hands of many outside rulers, but they always kept their faith. It is what sustains them, even now. In 1948, the UN established the State of Israel, the nation of Jews. Don't buy the Palestinian lies that they are entitled to the land. It simply is not true. ERETZ-ISRAEL [(Hebrew) - the Land of Israel] was the birthplace of the Jewish people. Here their spiritual, religious and political identity was shaped. Here they first attained to statehood, created cultural values of national and universal significance jews always lived in the land there wasn't a time where they didn't live there and lot of jews do dna tests and it's show that they are originally from Israel example: Are you serious? Based on DNA analysis, my family originated southern Israel and the migrated to Syria at about the conclusion of the Roman conquest. From there, they migrated to Spain and Portugal and then to Russia. In Russia, their names changed and they immigrated to the US in the mid-1800s. It has been common that Jews changed their last names in an effort to fight antisemitism. Jews originally trace their ancestry to a confederation of Iron Age Semitic-speaking tribes known as the Israelites that inhabited a part of Canaan during the tribal and monarchic periods. Modern Jews are named after and also descended from the Israelite Kingdom of Judah Jews are originated from Judea Modern Jews descended from the ancient Canaanites. Hebrew originated from the Canaanite language modern Jewish groups show more then half of their ancestry as Canaanite there was never Palestinenian state Since 1964, they have been referred to as Palestinians the Palestinenians come from Jordan, syria, Egypt, Lebanon and more countries tell the arab occupiers to go back to there original countries!!!! Palestine has never been a state, a nation or a country. It was a geographical area belonging to the Turkish Ottoman empire before 1918. The Turks lost in WW1 and the League of Nations gave it as a protectorate to Britain as part of the British Mandate for Palestine. Britain handed the responsibility to the UN in 1947. The UN suggested a partition plan (UN Resolution 181) that separated the region into a Jewish homeland and an Arab land The Jews accepted and created Israel. The Arabs refused, declared war on Israel and have been waging war on Israel and refusing any offers of their own nation
    

The word Palestinian is Latin for Philistine and actually means “Invader to the land” That makes as much sense as renaming a house Burglarland and the Burglar claiming the home he was robing now belongs to him and the original owners are occupying it.
You are basically saying the word thief means new owner plisthim come from Crete Greece and they extinct The Palestinenians come from the middle east but you all are pretending it’s solely from one specific country in the Middle East which just isn’t true as your own DNA test even shows (primarily Egyptian and Jordanian, as is expected). Interestingly enough tons of Jewish DNA tests have also shown Middle Eastern (directly from the area of Israel in southern Levant) ancestry despite being Ashkenazi (and obviously Sephardic and Mizrahi) yet I hear lots of people claiming the same, that ties to the area are questionable and should "go back to Europe"
If you’re going to downvote at least explain which part you feel is wrong other than “this went against my narrative

Here is the history of the land:

1. ⁠Before Israel, there was a British mandate, not a Palestinian state
   
2. ⁠Before the British Mandate, there was the Ottoman Empire, not a Palestinian state.
   
3. ⁠Before the Ottoman Empire, there was the Islamic state of the Mamluks of Egypt, not a Palestinian state.
   
4. ⁠Before the Islamic state of the Mamluks of Egypt, there was the Ayubid Arab-Kurdish Empire, not a Palestinian state.
   
5. ⁠Before the Ayubid Empire, there was the Frankish and Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem, not a Palestinian state.
   
6. ⁠Before the , there was the Umayyad and Fatimid empires, not a Palestinian state.
   
7. ⁠Before the Umayyad and Fatimid empires, there was the Byzantine empire, not a Palestinian state.
   
8. ⁠Before the Byzantine Empire, there were the Sassanids, not a Palestinian state.
   
9. ⁠Before the Sassanid Empire, there was the Byzantine Empire, not a Palestinian state.
   
10. ⁠Before the Byzantine Empire, there was the Roman Empire, not a Palestinian state.
    
11. ⁠Before the Roman Empire, there was the Hasmonean state, not a Palestinian state.
    
12. ⁠Before the Hasmonean state, there was the Seleucid, not a Palestinian state.
    
13. ⁠Before the Seleucid empire, there was the empire of Alexander the Great, not a Palestinian state.
    
14. ⁠Before the empire of Alexander the Great, there was the Persian empire, not a Palestinian state.
    
15. ⁠Before the Persian Empire, there was the Babylonian Empire, not a Palestinian state.
    
16. ⁠Before the Babylonian Empire, there were the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, not a Palestinian state.
    
17. ⁠Before the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, there was the Kingdom of Israel, not a Palestinian state.
    
18. ⁠Befroe the 12 tribes of Israel there was independent cnanists city kingdoms not a Palestinian state.
    
19. ⁠Actually, in this piece of land there has been everything EXCEPT A PALESTINIAN STATE. The land of Israel has been populated by the Jewish people since 2000 BC. Here's the timeline, in case you didn't realize that its there homeland, . 2000BC Abraham chosen as the father of the Jewish nation 1900 BC: Isaac, rules over Israel. 1850 BC: Jacob, son of Issac, rules over Israel. 1400 BC: Moses leads the people back to Israel. 1010 BC: King David unites the 12 tribes into one nation. 970 BC: King Solomon, son of David, builds the first temple structure in Jerusalem 930 BC: Israel is divided into two kingdoms, the Kingdom of Israel and the Kingdom of Judah. 800s BC: The rise of the prophets 722 BC: Kingdom of Israel is conquered by Assyrians. 605 BC: Kingdom Judah is conquered by the Babylonians. 586 BC: Solomon's Temple is destroyed by the Babylonians. 539 BC: Persians conquer the Babylonians and take control of Israel. 538 BC: The Jews return to Israel from exile. 520 BC: The Temple is rebuilt. 450 BC: Reforms made by Ezra and Nehemiah. 433 BC: Malachi is the end of the prophetic age. 432 BC: The last group of Jews return from exile. 333 BC: The Greeks conquer the Persian empire. 323 BC: The Egyptian and Syrian empire take over Israel. 167 BC: Hasmonean's recapture Israel, and the Jews are ruled independently. 70 BC: Romans conquer Israel. 20 BC: King Herod builds the "second" temple 6 BC: Jesus Christ is born in Bethlehem 70 AD: Romans destroy the temple After that, the people were captives to the Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, and Crusaders. Through all of these events, the Jewish people continued to live in Israel. There were more or less of them, depending on the centuries, but there was never a time when the Jews didn't live in the land. They stayed, they built their communities, they raised their families, practiced their faith and they suffered at the hands of many outside rulers, but they always kept their faith. It is what sustains them, even now. In 1948, the UN established the State of Israel, the nation of Jews. Don't buy the Palestinian lies that they are entitled to the land. It simply is not true. ERETZ-ISRAEL [(Hebrew) - the Land of Israel] was the birthplace of the Jewish people. Here their spiritual, religious and political identity was shaped. Here they first attained to statehood, created cultural values of national and universal significance jews always lived in the land there wasn't a time where they didn't live there and lot of jews do dna tests and it's show that they are originally from Israel example: Are you serious? Based on DNA analysis, my family originated southern Israel and the migrated to Syria at about the conclusion of the Roman conquest. From there, they migrated to Spain and Portugal and then to Russia. In Russia, their names changed and they immigrated to the US in the mid-1800s. It has been common that Jews changed their last names in an effort to fight antisemitism. Jews originally trace their ancestry to a confederation of Iron Age Semitic-speaking tribes known as the Israelites that inhabited a part of Canaan during the tribal and monarchic periods. Modern Jews are named after and also descended from the Israelite Kingdom of Judah Jews are originated from Judea Modern Jews descended from the ancient Canaanites. Hebrew originated from the Canaanite language modern Jewish groups show more then half of their ancestry as Canaanite there was never Palestinenian state Since 1964, they have been referred to as Palestinians the Palestinenians come from Jordan, syria, Egypt, Lebanon and more countries tell the arab occupiers to go back to there original countries!!!! Palestine has never been a state, a nation or a country. It was a geographical area belonging to the Turkish Ottoman empire before 1918. The Turks lost in WW1 and the League of Nations gave it as a protectorate to Britain as part of the British Mandate for Palestine. Britain handed the responsibility to the UN in 1947. The UN suggested a partition plan (UN Resolution 181) that separated the region into a Jewish homeland and an Arab land The Jews accepted and created Israel. The Arabs refused, declared war on Israel and have been waging war on Israel and refusing any offers of their own nation
    

The word Palestinian is Latin for Philistine and actually means “Invader to the land” That makes as much sense as renaming a house Burglarland and the Burglar claiming the home he was robing now belongs to him and the original owners are occupying it.
You are basically saying the word thief means new owner plisthim come from Crete Greece and they extinct The Palestinenians come from the middle east but you all are pretending it’s solely from one specific country in the Middle East which just isn’t true as your own DNA test even shows (primarily Egyptian and Jordanian, as is expected). Interestingly enough tons of Jewish DNA tests have also shown Middle Eastern (directly from the area of Israel in southern Levant) ancestry despite being Ashkenazi (and obviously Sephardic and Mizrahi) yet I hear lots of people claiming the same, that ties to the area are questionable and should "go back to Europe"
If you’re going to downvote at least explain which part you feel is wrong other than “this went against my narrative

Here is the history of the land:

1. ⁠Before Israel, there was a British mandate, not a Palestinian state
   
2. ⁠Before the British Mandate, there was the Ottoman Empire, not a Palestinian state.
   
3. ⁠Before the Ottoman Empire, there was the Islamic state of the Mamluks of Egypt, not a Palestinian state.
   
4. ⁠Before the Islamic state of the Mamluks of Egypt, there was the Ayubid Arab-Kurdish Empire, not a Palestinian state.
   
5. ⁠Before the Ayubid Empire, there was the Frankish and Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem, not a Palestinian state.
   
6. ⁠Before the , there was the Umayyad and Fatimid empires, not a Palestinian state.
   
7. ⁠Before the Umayyad and Fatimid empires, there was the Byzantine empire, not a Palestinian state.
   
8. ⁠Before the Byzantine Empire, there were the Sassanids, not a Palestinian state.
   
9. ⁠Before the Sassanid Empire, there was the Byzantine Empire, not a Palestinian state.
   
10. ⁠Before the Byzantine Empire, there was the Roman Empire, not a Palestinian state.
    
11. ⁠Before the Roman Empire, there was the Hasmonean state, not a Palestinian state.
    
12. ⁠Before the Hasmonean state, there was the Seleucid, not a Palestinian state.
    
13. ⁠Before the Seleucid empire, there was the empire of Alexander the Great, not a Palestinian state.
    
14. ⁠Before the empire of Alexander the Great, there was the Persian empire, not a Palestinian state.
    
15. ⁠Before the Persian Empire, there was the Babylonian Empire, not a Palestinian state.
    
16. ⁠Before the Babylonian Empire, there were the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, not a Palestinian state.
    
17. ⁠Before the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, there was the Kingdom of Israel, not a Palestinian state.
    
18. ⁠Befroe the 12 tribes of Israel there was independent cnanists city kingdoms not a Palestinian state.
    
19. ⁠Actually, in this piece of land there has been everything EXCEPT A PALESTINIAN STATE. The land of Israel has been populated by the Jewish people since 2000 BC. Here's the timeline, in case you didn't realize that its there homeland, . 2000BC Abraham chosen as the father of the Jewish nation 1900 BC: Isaac, rules over Israel. 1850 BC: Jacob, son of Issac, rules over Israel. 1400 BC: Moses leads the people back to Israel. 1010 BC: King David unites the 12 tribes into one nation. 970 BC: King Solomon, son of David, builds the first temple structure in Jerusalem 930 BC: Israel is divided into two kingdoms, the Kingdom of Israel and the Kingdom of Judah. 800s BC: The rise of the prophets 722 BC: Kingdom of Israel is conquered by Assyrians. 605 BC: Kingdom Judah is conquered by the Babylonians. 586 BC: Solomon's Temple is destroyed by the Babylonians. 539 BC: Persians conquer the Babylonians and take control of Israel. 538 BC: The Jews return to Israel from exile. 520 BC: The Temple is rebuilt. 450 BC: Reforms made by Ezra and Nehemiah. 433 BC: Malachi is the end of the prophetic age. 432 BC: The last group of Jews return from exile. 333 BC: The Greeks conquer the Persian empire. 323 BC: The Egyptian and Syrian empire take over Israel. 167 BC: Hasmonean's recapture Israel, and the Jews are ruled independently. 70 BC: Romans conquer Israel. 20 BC: King Herod builds the "second" temple 6 BC: Jesus Christ is born in Bethlehem 70 AD: Romans destroy the temple After that, the people were captives to the Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, and Crusaders. Through all of these events, the Jewish people continued to live in Israel. There were more or less of them, depending on the centuries, but there was never a time when the Jews didn't live in the land. They stayed, they built their communities, they raised their families, practiced their faith and they suffered at the hands of many outside rulers, but they always kept their faith. It is what sustains them, even now. In 1948, the UN established the State of Israel, the nation of Jews. Don't buy the Palestinian lies that they are entitled to the land. It simply is not true. ERETZ-ISRAEL [(Hebrew) - the Land of Israel] was the birthplace of the Jewish people. Here their spiritual, religious and political identity was shaped. Here they first attained to statehood, created cultural values of national and universal significance jews always lived in the land there wasn't a time where they didn't live there and lot of jews do dna tests and it's show that they are originally from Israel example: Are you serious? Based on DNA analysis, my family originated southern Israel and the migrated to Syria at about the conclusion of the Roman conquest. From there, they migrated to Spain and Portugal and then to Russia. In Russia, their names changed and they immigrated to the US in the mid-1800s. It has been common that Jews changed their last names in an effort to fight antisemitism. Jews originally trace their ancestry to a confederation of Iron Age Semitic-speaking tribes known as the Israelites that inhabited a part of Canaan during the tribal and monarchic periods. Modern Jews are named after and also descended from the Israelite Kingdom of Judah Jews are originated from Judea Modern Jews descended from the ancient Canaanites. Hebrew originated from the Canaanite language modern Jewish groups show more then half of their ancestry as Canaanite there was never Palestinenian state Since 1964, they have been referred to as Palestinians the Palestinenians come from Jordan, syria, Egypt, Lebanon and more countries tell the arab occupiers to go back to there original countries!!!! Palestine has never been a state, a nation or a country. It was a geographical area belonging to the Turkish Ottoman empire before 1918. The Turks lost in WW1 and the League of Nations gave it as a protectorate to Britain as part of the British Mandate for Palestine. Britain handed the responsibility to the UN in 1947. The UN suggested a partition plan (UN Resolution 181) that separated the region into a Jewish homeland and an Arab land The Jews accepted and created Israel. The Arabs refused, declared war on Israel and have been waging war on Israel and refusing any offers of their own nation
    

The word Palestinian is Latin for Philistine and actually means “Invader to the land” That makes as much sense as renaming a house Burglarland and the Burglar claiming the home he was robing now belongs to him and the original owners are occupying it.
You are basically saying the word thief means new owner plisthim come from Crete Greece and they extinct The Palestinenians come from the middle east but you all are pretending it’s solely from one specific country in the Middle East which just isn’t true as your own DNA test even shows (primarily Egyptian and Jordanian, as is expected). Interestingly enough tons of Jewish DNA tests have also shown Middle Eastern (directly from the area of Israel in southern Levant) ancestry despite being Ashkenazi (and obviously Sephardic and Mizrahi) yet I hear lots of people claiming the same, that ties to the area are questionable and should "go back to Europe"
If you’re going to downvote at least explain which part you feel is wrong other than “this went against my narrative

Just a warning to those paying for "Schematic Floor Plans" - I've found them to be highly incorrect. Matterport says "Sizes and dimensions are approximate, actual may vary" but in reality, they are almost made up.
Some examples:

1. 868 sqft room labeled as 32' 5" x 47' 6" = 1,539 sqft
   
   1. https://i.postimg.cc/x1pbPTVn/ye1pQFm.png
   2. https://i.postimg.cc/Bt6n8H6D/OqDgmbN.png
2. ~400 sqft hallway labeled as 31' 11'' x 33' 9'' = 1,077 sqft
   
   1. https://i.postimg.cc/bwwtbSMm/63r6H7J.png
   2. https://i.postimg.cc/grTk3jX7/WfFv6di.png
3. Commercial bathroom labeled a bedroom
   
   1. https://i.postimg.cc/ZBq4dzTZ/85s5YWT.png
4. Hallway given two different dimensions and drawing doesn't line up
   
   1. https://i.postimg.cc/2LVkPRJT/riz7sep.png (5'0'' width)
   2. https://i.postimg.cc/xJFYGpCm/uVoeBAp.png (5'0'' width)
   3. https://i.postimg.cc/kR6CTN6p/wlZ0Npd.png (5'1'' & 5'3'')
5. Office that should be 8'11'' x 8'8'' labeled 9'1''x 8'10''
   
   1. https://i.postimg.cc/NGxF4fRS/RLyuIpq.png
   2. https://i.postimg.cc/YjZMhPTK/Z39X1b6.png

I realize the service is relatively cheap ($15 & $20/rush) but if they are this inaccurate and I had to spend hours manually fixing it, what's the point?

Just a warning to those paying for "Schematic Floor Plans" - I've found them to be highly incorrect. Matterport says "Sizes and dimensions are approximate, actual may vary" but in reality, they are almost made up.
Some examples:

1. 868 sqft room labeled as 32' 5" x 47' 6" = 1,539 sqft
   1. https://i.imgur.com/ye1pQFm.png
   2. https://i.imgur.com/OqDgmbN.png
2. ~400 sqft hallway labeled as 31' 11'' x 33' 9'' = 1,077 sqft
   1. https://i.imgur.com/63r6H7J.png
   2. https://i.imgur.com/WfFv6di.png
3. Commercial bathroom labeled a bedroom
   1. https://i.imgur.com/85s5YWT.png
4. Hallway given two different dimensions and drawing doesn't line up
   1. https://i.imgur.com/riz7sep.png (5'0'' width)
   2. https://i.imgur.com/uVoeBAp.png (5'0'' width)
   3. https://i.imgur.com/wlZ0Npd.png (5'1'' & 5'3'')
5. Office that should be 8'11'' x 8'8'' labeled 9'1''x 8'10''
   1. https://i.imgur.com/RLyuIpq.png
   2. https://i.imgur.com/Z39X1b6.png

I realize the service is relatively cheap ($15 & $20/rush) but if they are this inaccurate and I had to spend hours manually fixing it, what's the point?

Hi,
I recently installed my NAS (Synology DS418play) and installed Plex Server on it, aswell as the Plex clients on my fathers tv downstairs (LG G1) and my PS4 (as my tv's aren't smart-tv's or old smart-tv where functionality is out of the door). I'm planning on setting my movies on. Also a bit tired of having to buy dvd/bluray players that don't seem to last long (even from brands like Pioneer). So I want to digitize my collection. Only I just download them, as I don't have the equipment and software to back them up myself.
Since I wan't some order on my NAS, I try to make sure files are the same (so all MP4"s). Many movies don't seem to name the audio track (for example: 5.1 AAC - English). So I transcode them using Xmedia Recode, copy both video- and audio-stream and discard subtitles if any are in there, as I like them externally. I also have to transcode MKV to MP4, as I need to be able to import them into Davinci Resolve. To either improve them if necessary, or because I'm converting them to 3D movies. And after rendering in Davinci Resolve, I generally need to trancode again, to name the audio track (as Davinci Doesn't seem to be able to do that). I've also transcoded 1 movie (Sammy's Adventure), cropping the left view out of the 3D version, as Plex doesn't seem to have any 3D playback options. Although I also transcoded this, this one does work. So it isn't my transcoding software either (Xmedia Recode).
But I'm doing something wrong, as my files don't seem to play on the PS4 Plex, even when the original file does. They do on all the other app-clients or browser. Or even on the PS4 Media Player. Looking at the Plex browser Dashboard, I see that those that won't play on PS4 Plex, aren't even appearing on the Dashboard. While files that to work, but don't play because of the subtitles issue on PS4 Plex, do appear on the dashboard.
If been cross-referencing several of these files to find similarities and differences, using media-info. But I actually don't have sufficient knowledge to determine what is going wrong. Can somebody help out?
Here are some of these:

The Goonies (transcoded file, not playing)
Algemeen Volledige naam : ...\Fantasy Adventure\The.Goonies.1985_2160p.4K.BluRay.x265.10bit.AAC5.1.mp4 Formaat : MPEG-4 Formaatprofiel : Base Media Codec-ID : isom (isom/iso2/mp41) Bestandsgrootte : 5,09 GiB Duur : 1 h 53 min Totale bitrate : 6 390 kb/s Framerate : 23,976 FPS Datum codering : 2024-04-27 16:03:54 UTC Tagdatum : 2024-04-27 16:03:54 UTC Gebruikt programma : Lavf60.23.100 Video ID : 1 Formaat : HEVC Formaat/Info : High Efficiency Video Coding Formaatprofiel : Main 10@L5@Main Codec-ID : hev1 Codec-ID/Info : High Efficiency Video Coding Duur : 1 h 53 min Bitrate : 5 997 kb/s Breedte : 3 840 pixels Hoogte : 1 600 pixels Beeldverhouding : 2,40:1 Frameratemodus : Variabel Framerate : 23,976 (24000/1001) FPS Minimale framrate : 11,765 FPS Maximale framrate : 24,390 FPS Color space : YUV Chroma subsampling : 4:2:0 Bit depth : 10 bits Bits/(Pixel*Frame) : 0.041 Stroomgrootte : 4,77 GiB (94%) Gebruikte encoderbibliotheek : x265 3.3+4-30eb4de83092:[Linux][GCC 7.4.0][64 bit] 10bit Instellingen codering : cpuid=1111039 / frame-threads=3 / wpp / no-pmode / no-pme / no-psnr / no-ssim / log-level=2 / input-csp=1 / input-res=3840x1600 / interlace=0 / total-frames=0 / level-idc=0 / high-tier=1 / uhd-bd=0 / ref=4 / no-allow-non-conformance / no-repeat-headers / annexb / no-aud / no-hrd / info / hash=0 / no-temporal-layers / open-gop / min-keyint=23 / keyint=250 / gop-lookahead=0 / bframes=4 / b-adapt=2 / b-pyramid / bframe-bias=0 / rc-lookahead=25 / lookahead-slices=4 / scenecut=40 / hist-scenecut=0 / radl=0 / no-splice / no-intra-refresh / ctu=64 / min-cu-size=8 / rect / no-amp / max-tu-size=32 / tu-inter-depth=1 / tu-intra-depth=1 / limit-tu=0 / rdoq-level=2 / dynamic-rd=0.00 / no-ssim-rd / signhide / no-tskip / nr-intra=0 / nr-inter=0 / no-constrained-intra / strong-intra-smoothing / max-merge=3 / limit-refs=3 / limit-modes / me=3 / subme=3 / merange=57 / temporal-mvp / no-frame-dup / no-hme / weightp / no-weightb / no-analyze-src-pics / deblock=0:0 / sao / no-sao-non-deblock / rd=4 / selective-sao=4 / no-early-skip / rskip / no-fast-intra / no-tskip-fast / no-cu-lossless / no-b-intra / no-splitrd-skip / rdpenalty=0 / psy-rd=2.00 / psy-rdoq=1.00 / no-rd-refine / no-lossless / cbqpoffs=0 / crqpoffs=0 / rc=abr / bitrate=6000 / qcomp=0.60 / qpstep=4 / stats-write=0 / stats-read=2 / cplxblur=20.0 / qblur=0.5 / ipratio=1.40 / pbratio=1.30 / aq-mode=2 / aq-strength=1.00 / cutree / zone-count=0 / no-strict-cbr / qg-size=32 / no-rc-grain / qpmax=69 / qpmin=0 / no-const-vbv / sar=1 / overscan=0 / videoformat=5 / range=0 / colorprim=2 / transfer=2 / colormatrix=2 / chromaloc=0 / display-window=0 / cll=0,0 / min-luma=0 / max-luma=1023 / log2-max-poc-lsb=8 / vui-timing-info / vui-hrd-info / slices=1 / no-opt-qp-pps / no-opt-ref-list-length-pps / no-multi-pass-opt-rps / scenecut-bias=0.05 / hist-threshold=0.01 / no-opt-cu-delta-qp / no-aq-motion / no-hdr10 / no-hdr10-opt / no-dhdr10-opt / no-idr-recovery-sei / analysis-reuse-level=0 / analysis-save-reuse-level=0 / analysis-load-reuse-level=0 / scale-factor=0 / refine-intra=0 / refine-inter=0 / refine-mv=1 / refine-ctu-distortion=0 / no-limit-sao / ctu-info=0 / no-lowpass-dct / refine-analysis-type=0 / copy-pic=1 / max-ausize-factor=1.0 / no-dynamic-refine / no-single-sei / no-hevc-aq / no-svt / no-field / qp-adaptation-range=1.00 / no-scenecut-aware-qpconformance-window-offsets / right=0 / bottom=0 Datum codering : 2024-04-27 16:03:54 UTC Tagdatum : 2024-04-27 16:03:54 UTC Color range : Limited Codec configuration box : hvcC Audio ID : 2 Formaat : AAC LC Formaat/Info : Advanced Audio Codec Low Complexity Codec-ID : mp4a-40-2 Duur : 1 h 53 min Bitrate-modus : Constant Bitrate : 384 kb/s Kanaal(en) : 6 kanalen Channel layout : C L R Ls Rs LFE Samplerate : 48,0 kHz Framerate : 46,875 FPS (1024 SPF) Compression mode : Lossy Stroomgrootte : 313 MiB (6%) Titel : 5.1 AAC - English Taal : Engels Default : Ja Alternate group : 1 Datum codering : 2024-04-27 16:03:54 UTC Tagdatum : 2024-04-27 16:03:54 UTC
The Goonies - (original file, playing)
Algemeen Unique ID : 150160826514646361080266585975912105170 (0x70F7EC58877E18BF1C3C9814313784D2) Volledige naam : ...]\The.Goonies.1985.2160p.4K.BluRay.x265.10bit.AAC5.1-[YTS.MX].mkv Formaat : Matroska Formaatversie : Version 4 Bestandsgrootte : 5,33 GiB Duur : 1 h 53 min Totale bitrate : 6 699 kb/s Framerate : 23,976 FPS Gebruikt programma : Lavf58.41.100 Gebruikte encoderbibliotheek : Lavf58.41.100 ErrorDetectionType : Per level 1 Video ID : 1 Formaat : HEVC Formaat/Info : High Efficiency Video Coding Formaatprofiel : Main 10@L5@Main Codec-ID : V_MPEGH/ISO/HEVC Duur : 1 h 53 min Breedte : 3 840 pixels Hoogte : 1 600 pixels Beeldverhouding : 2,40:1 Frameratemodus : Constant Framerate : 23,976 (24000/1001) FPS Color space : YUV Chroma subsampling : 4:2:0 Bit depth : 10 bits Gebruikte encoderbibliotheek : x265 3.3+4-30eb4de83092:[Linux][GCC 7.4.0][64 bit] 10bit Instellingen codering : cpuid=1111039 / frame-threads=3 / wpp / no-pmode / no-pme / no-psnr / no-ssim / log-level=2 / input-csp=1 / input-res=3840x1600 / interlace=0 / total-frames=0 / level-idc=0 / high-tier=1 / uhd-bd=0 / ref=4 / no-allow-non-conformance / no-repeat-headers / annexb / no-aud / no-hrd / info / hash=0 / no-temporal-layers / open-gop / min-keyint=23 / keyint=250 / gop-lookahead=0 / bframes=4 / b-adapt=2 / b-pyramid / bframe-bias=0 / rc-lookahead=25 / lookahead-slices=4 / scenecut=40 / hist-scenecut=0 / radl=0 / no-splice / no-intra-refresh / ctu=64 / min-cu-size=8 / rect / no-amp / max-tu-size=32 / tu-inter-depth=1 / tu-intra-depth=1 / limit-tu=0 / rdoq-level=2 / dynamic-rd=0.00 / no-ssim-rd / signhide / no-tskip / nr-intra=0 / nr-inter=0 / no-constrained-intra / strong-intra-smoothing / max-merge=3 / limit-refs=3 / limit-modes / me=3 / subme=3 / merange=57 / temporal-mvp / no-frame-dup / no-hme / weightp / no-weightb / no-analyze-src-pics / deblock=0:0 / sao / no-sao-non-deblock / rd=4 / selective-sao=4 / no-early-skip / rskip / no-fast-intra / no-tskip-fast / no-cu-lossless / no-b-intra / no-splitrd-skip / rdpenalty=0 / psy-rd=2.00 / psy-rdoq=1.00 / no-rd-refine / no-lossless / cbqpoffs=0 / crqpoffs=0 / rc=abr / bitrate=6000 / qcomp=0.60 / qpstep=4 / stats-write=0 / stats-read=2 / cplxblur=20.0 / qblur=0.5 / ipratio=1.40 / pbratio=1.30 / aq-mode=2 / aq-strength=1.00 / cutree / zone-count=0 / no-strict-cbr / qg-size=32 / no-rc-grain / qpmax=69 / qpmin=0 / no-const-vbv / sar=1 / overscan=0 / videoformat=5 / range=0 / colorprim=2 / transfer=2 / colormatrix=2 / chromaloc=0 / display-window=0 / cll=0,0 / min-luma=0 / max-luma=1023 / log2-max-poc-lsb=8 / vui-timing-info / vui-hrd-info / slices=1 / no-opt-qp-pps / no-opt-ref-list-length-pps / no-multi-pass-opt-rps / scenecut-bias=0.05 / hist-threshold=0.01 / no-opt-cu-delta-qp / no-aq-motion / no-hdr10 / no-hdr10-opt / no-dhdr10-opt / no-idr-recovery-sei / analysis-reuse-level=0 / analysis-save-reuse-level=0 / analysis-load-reuse-level=0 / scale-factor=0 / refine-intra=0 / refine-inter=0 / refine-mv=1 / refine-ctu-distortion=0 / no-limit-sao / ctu-info=0 / no-lowpass-dct / refine-analysis-type=0 / copy-pic=1 / max-ausize-factor=1.0 / no-dynamic-refine / no-single-sei / no-hevc-aq / no-svt / no-field / qp-adaptation-range=1.00 / no-scenecut-aware-qpconformance-window-offsets / right=0 / bottom=0 Default : Ja Forced : Nee Color range : Limited Audio ID : 2 Formaat : AAC LC Formaat/Info : Advanced Audio Codec Low Complexity Codec-ID : A_AAC-2 Duur : 1 h 53 min Kanaal(en) : 6 kanalen Channel layout : C L R Ls Rs LFE Samplerate : 48,0 kHz Framerate : 46,875 FPS (1024 SPF) Compression mode : Lossy Gebruikte encoderbibliotheek : Lavc58.75.100 libfdk_aac Default : Ja Forced : Nee
Starship Troopers - 3D conversion Davinci Resolve (not playing)
Algemeen Volledige naam : Z:\3D Movies\SciFi Horror\Starship Troopers (1997) [u1080p 3dHSBS].mp4 Formaat : MPEG-4 Formaatprofiel : Base Media Codec-ID : isom (isom/iso2/avc1/mp41) Bestandsgrootte : 8,37 GiB Duur : 2 h 9 min Totale bitrate : 9 241 kb/s Framerate : 23,976 FPS Datum codering : 2024-04-23 22:41:10 UTC Tagdatum : 2024-04-23 22:41:10 UTC Gebruikt programma : Blackmagic Design DaVinci Resolve Studio Video ID : 1 Formaat : AVC Formaat/Info : Advanced Video Codec Formaatprofiel : High@L4.1 Formaatinstellingen : CABAC / 4 Ref Frames Formaatinstellingen, CABAC : Ja Formaatinstellingen, RefFrames : 4 frames Format settings, GOP : M=2, N=24 Codec-ID : avc1 Codec-ID/Info : Advanced Video Coding Duur : 2 h 9 min Bitrate : 8 655 kb/s Breedte : 1 920 pixels Hoogte : 1 080 pixels Beeldverhouding : 16:9 Frameratemodus : Constant Framerate : 23,976 (24000/1001) FPS Color space : YUV Chroma subsampling : 4:2:0 Bit depth : 8 bits Scansoort : Progressief Bits/(Pixel*Frame) : 0.174 Stroomgrootte : 7,84 GiB (94%) Datum codering : 2024-04-23 22:41:10 UTC Tagdatum : 2024-04-23 22:41:10 UTC Color range : Limited Color primaries : BT.709 Transfer characteristics : BT.709 Matrix coefficients : BT.709 Codec configuration box : avcC Audio ID : 2 Formaat : AAC LC Formaat/Info : Advanced Audio Codec Low Complexity Codec-ID : mp4a-40-2 Duur : 2 h 9 min Bitrate-modus : Constant Bitrate : 576 kb/s Kanaal(en) : 6 kanalen Channel layout : C L R Ls Rs LFE Samplerate : 48,0 kHz Framerate : 46,875 FPS (1024 SPF) Compression mode : Lossy Stroomgrootte : 539 MiB (6%) Default : Ja Alternate group : 1 Datum codering : 2024-04-23 22:41:10 UTC Tagdatum : 2024-04-23 22:41:10 UTC Ander ID : 3 Type : Time code Formaat : QuickTime TC Duur : 2 h 9 min Framerate : 23,976 (24000/1001) FPS Time code of first frame : 01:00:00:00 Time code of last frame : 03:09:28:17 Time code, stripped : Ja Taal : Engels Datum codering : 2024-04-23 22:41:10 UTC Tagdatum : 2024-04-23 22:41:10 UTC
Sammy's Adventure - transoded 3D cropped to 2D (playing)
Algemeen Volledige naam : ...\Animation\A Turtle s Tale Sammy Adventures (2010) [1080p].mp4 Formaat : MPEG-4 Formaatprofiel : Base Media Codec-ID : isom (isom/dby1/iso2/avc1/mp41) Bestandsgrootte : 5,29 GiB Duur : 1 h 25 min Totale bitrate : 8 853 kb/s Framerate : 23,976 FPS Filmnaam : SAMMYS_ADVENTURES_BD25_3D.Title3 Datum codering : 2024-04-04 13:52:06 UTC Tagdatum : 2024-04-04 13:52:06 UTC Gebruikt programma : Lavf60.23.100 Video ID : 1 Formaat : AVC Formaat/Info : Advanced Video Codec Formaatprofiel : Main@L4 Formaatinstellingen : CABAC / 2 Ref Frames Formaatinstellingen, CABAC : Ja Formaatinstellingen, RefFrames : 2 frames Codec-ID : avc1 Codec-ID/Info : Advanced Video Coding Duur : 1 h 25 min Bitrate : 8 500 kb/s Maximale bitrate : 9 000 kb/s Breedte : 1 920 pixels Hoogte : 1 080 pixels Beeldverhouding : 16:9 Frameratemodus : Constant Framerate : 23,976 (24000/1001) FPS Color space : YUV Chroma subsampling : 4:2:0 Bit depth : 8 bits Scansoort : Progressief Bits/(Pixel*Frame) : 0.171 Stroomgrootte : 4,91 GiB (93%) Gebruikte encoderbibliotheek : x264 core 164 r3179 Instellingen codering : cabac=1 / ref=2 / deblock=1:0:0 / analyse=0x1:0x131 / me=hex / subme=7 / psy=1 / psy_rd=1.00:0.00 / mixed_ref=0 / me_range=16 / chroma_me=1 / trellis=1 / 8x8dct=0 / cqm=0 / deadzone=21,11 / fast_pskip=1 / chroma_qp_offset=-2 / threads=34 / lookahead_threads=5 / sliced_threads=0 / nr=0 / decimate=1 / interlaced=0 / bluray_compat=0 / constrained_intra=0 / bframes=3 / b_pyramid=0 / b_adapt=1 / b_bias=0 / direct=0 / weightb=1 / open_gop=0 / weightp=2 / keyint=239 / keyint_min=23 / scenecut=40 / intra_refresh=0 / rc_lookahead=40 / rc=abr / mbtree=1 / bitrate=8500 / ratetol=1.0 / qcomp=0.60 / qpmin=10 / qpmax=69 / qpstep=4 / vbv_maxrate=9000 / vbv_bufsize=24000 / nal_hrd=none / filler=0 / ip_ratio=1.40 / aq=3:1.00 Datum codering : 2024-04-04 13:52:06 UTC Tagdatum : 2024-04-04 13:52:06 UTC Color range : Limited Color primaries : BT.709 Transfer characteristics : BT.709 Matrix coefficients : BT.709 Codec configuration box : avcC Audio ID : 2 Formaat : AC-3 Formaat/Info : Audio Coding 3 Commercial name : Dolby Digital Codec-ID : ac-3 Duur : 1 h 25 min Bitrate-modus : Constant Bitrate : 640 kb/s Kanaal(en) : 6 kanalen Channel layout : L R C LFE Ls Rs Samplerate : 48,0 kHz Framerate : 31,250 FPS (1536 SPF) Compression mode : Lossy Stroomgrootte : 392 MiB (7%) Titel : 5.1 AC3 [Dolby Digital] - English Taal : Engels Service kind : Complete Main Default : Ja Alternate group : 1 Datum codering : 2024-04-04 13:52:06 UTC Tagdatum : 2024-04-04 13:52:06 UTC Dialog Normalization : -31 dB cmixlev : -4.5 dB surmixlev : -6 dB dialnorm_Average : -31 dB dialnorm_Minimum : -31 dB dialnorm_Maximum : -31 dB

What is the most money that you've made in story mode, without cheating, across all 3 characters? If you've ever done a max money run, let me know how much you made in the comments! I just made about $20.8 billion combined. That is not a typo... Michael ~$9.4B, Trevor ~$5.8B, Franklin ~$5.6B
This post is a guide on how to maximize your money at the end of the game. I know there's other guides out there sharing the same info, but I haven't seen one complete list. I've went through all the various guides and compiled every detail that was perhaps missed in one guide or another. Is it necessary to have infinite money? Absolutely not, but if you want to do it anyways, here's what you need to do:

• First, turn off autosave. You don't want the game accidentally saving if you need to reset and load a save.
• Second, don't spend ANY cash throughout the game until you've completed the the last stock market investment. If you die or get busted by the cops, reload your file to save that $5,000. Don't buy any properties (with one exception), vehicles, weapons, etc. You can get through the story on the bare minimum. For weapons and ammo, just loot people throughout missions and events.
• Third, get gold medals on all shooting range challenges across all 3 characters. The 25% discount comes in handy especially if you ignored my last point about not buying weapons and ammo lol. Regardless, some missions require you to stop at the gun store, so best to get the shooting range out of the way ASAP. For Franklin, do it BEFORE The Long Stretch, for Trevor do it BEFORE Nervous Ron (I was able to loot what I needed and didn't need to spend any cash for the mission), and for Michael do it BEFORE Boiler Suits heist setup (I don't think these are discounted which means Michael doesn't have any missions that require him to stop at the gun range).
• Fourth, later on when I'm talking about investments, you need to save scum. By that I mean, using multiple save slots to save and/or reload the game to manipulate the stock market. This is especially important on the LCN. The LCN fluctuates and there's no telling what it'll do next. You want to invest in every stock at its minimum and sell at its maximum. Sounds obvious, right? But most people don't save scum before the investment and just buy the stock as-is. I was able to get higher returns on the LCN market than advertised by being patient and investing at the low point.
  • In order to save scum, take one of the characters to their safehouse, check the price of the stock you're about to invest/sell, quick save the game (on your phone), and then go to sleep (but DO NOT SAVE... if you save during the sleep, the save file is in the advanced time... Michael sleeps for 6 hours, Franklin 8 hours, and Trevor 12 hours). Once you wake up, check the stock again. If the stock price has moved up or down in the right direction, quick save again in a new time slot (ALWAYS keep a backup save in case you mess up), sleep and repeat this process until you find the high or low point. If the stock price did not move in the right direction, either sleep again or reload a previous save. However, when you reload a save, please note there is no guarantee the stock will be at its same relative price since the LCN is completely unpredictable. The goal here is to sleep multiple times until you find the relative peak/valley and then invest/sell with all 3 characters when you get to the point.
  • BAWSAQ is controlled by GTA Online and sleep advancing time in-game doesn't affect the market. There's no need to save scum before the investment if the stock is on the BAWSAQ network.
  • At some point, you will have more money in the stock market than the game allows each character to carry ($2,147,483,647). When you get to this point, DON'T hit the 'SELL ALL' button. Either the game won't let you sell that much or it glitches and you lose your excess money over the money cap. What you need to do is hit the 'Plus' button until you reach the money cap, sell off $2.1B, and then reinvest that money in a random stock at its low point. Sort stocks by their change in value, find one doing poorly and eventually it'll rebound and you'll earn a little extra profit on top. (NEVER invest in LifeInvader, Richards Majestic, or Merryweather). Then repeat this process in $2.1B increments until all your money is out of the stock that was manipulated by the mission. When you need to reinvest all that money, you'll need to buy in $2.1B increments, sell off the random stock in $2.1B increments, and buy again until all your money is in the stock.
• The goal of this guide is to penny pinch. You want to earn every last dollar possible while spending the bare minimum that the game requires to progress the story. You want to exhaust the game of all its money possible BEFORE EACH investment. For the mathematically challenged, your money will increase much faster if you collect all that you can before the investments. Every dollar that you earn now, will multiply and become about $750 later. For example, if you skip a $100,000 opportunity early in the game, you missed out on a potential $75 million(!) depending when you later collect that $100k.

Here is the exhaustive list of missions and events that earn you money and when you need to complete them by throughout the story. If a random event is available to all 3 characters, Michael won't need it as he ends up with the most money. You'll want to purchase the Sonar Collections Dock with either Franklin or Trevor (I chose Trevor), and whomever doesn't purchase this property will be the one that should collect the rest of random choice money. It's easier to earn money by targeting security vans (and you should hit all 10 at least once… and anytime when they appear) but if you're doing a completionist run like me, might as well collect the smaller money earnings too before The Hotel Assassination. Also, if something can be purchased to progress the story with any of the characters then choose Michael.

• AFTER Daddy's Little Girl
  • Complete The Good Husband optional mission to avoid a $5,000 loss from Amanda
• BEFORE Casing the Jewel Store Job
  • Complete the Getaway Driver random event to unlock Packie McReary as a heist member
  • Wait for Rickie Lukens to call Michael AFTER Friend Request to unlock as a heist member
• Casing the Jewel Store Job
  • Smart Approach
  • Crew: Karim Denz (driver), Packie McReary (gunman), Rickie Lukens (hacker)
  • Take: Michael $1,223,073, Franklin $293,539 (paid out AFTER Fame or Shame)
• BEFORE The Jewel Store Job
  • Kill Simeon Yetarian (missable random event)
  • Chaos (optional Dr. Friedlander mission... missable content)
    • Costs $500 but Michael has plenty of money
• BEFORE Did Somebody Say Yoga?
  • Complete the Epsilon Program's (8) missions and steal the $2.1M (net $2,009,500 profit)
    • If you die during the betrayal, my game glitched and gave me the $50,000 back
  • AFTER completing the Epsilon Program, invest all of Michael's money in a random stock to avoid a $3,000 loss from Jimmy
• AFTER Did Somebody Say Yoga?
  • Sell all of the money in the random stock (always save scum for profit, never take a loss)
• BEFORE The Hotel Assassination
  • Trevor
    • Drop 4 people off at the Altruist Cult ($3,000) and pickup 4 briefcases after shootout ($100,000 profit)
    • Drug Shootout (~$60,000+)
    • (4) Maude Bail Bonds Missions (net $40,00) (Complete Abandoned Vehicle 1 and use Trevor’s special to obtain a stun gun)
    • Complete Vinewood Souvenirs - The Last Act and release Al once he offers $10,000
    • Complete all Hunting activities
    • Win a game of Tennis ($14, $25, or $36)
  • Franklin
    • Complete (5) Hao street races (net $15,075 profit)
    • Complete Paparazzo Reality Check (~$2,000 in money drops)
  • Any (recommend Trevor or Franklin)
    • Purchase the Sonar Collections Dock and collect all (30) nuclear wastes (net $690,000 profit)
    • Collect (11) underwater briefcases worth $143,500 total (I know these are glitched but I only collected each one once)
    • Bike Thief City 1 (wait until email and then sell stock immediately for $100,000)
    • Burial ($60,000 plus another ~$4,000 in money drops)
    • Deal Gone Wrong ($25,000)
    • Countryside Robbery ($10,000)
    • Security Van 1 (respawns)
    • Security Van 2 (respawns)
    • Security Van 3 (respawns)
    • Security Van 4 (respawns)
    • Security Van 5 (respawns)
    • Security Van 6 (respawns)
    • Security Van 7 (respawns)
    • Security Van 8 (respawns)
    • Security Van 9 (respawns)
    • Security Van 10 (respawns)
    • (6) Off Road Races ($3,000 total)
    • Chase Thieves City 1 ($2,000)
    • Mugging 3 ($2,000)
    • Shop Robbery 1 ($2,000)
    • Shop Robbery 2 ($2,000)
    • Robbery 10 - Limited LTD Gasoline (~$1,200) (respawns)
    • Robbery 7 - 24/7 Supermarket (~$1,100) (respawns)
    • Robbery 12 - 24/7 Supermarket (~$1,050) (respawns)
    • Countryside Gang Fight ($1,000)
    • Gang Intimidation (~$1,000 in money drops)
    • Robbery 1 - 24/7 Supermarket (~$950) (respawns)
    • Robbery 13 - Limited LTD Gasoline (~$880) (respawns)
    • Robbery 19 - Limited LTD Gasoline (~$880) (respawns)
    • Robbery 16 - Limited LTD Gasoline (~$800) (respawns)
    • Escape Paparazzi ($750)
    • Border Patrol 1 (~$700 in money drops)
    • Border Patrol 2 (~$700 in money drops)
    • Border Patrol 3 (~$700 in money drops)
    • Robbery 8 - 24/7 Supermarket (~$700) (respawns)
    • Robbery 17 - Rob's Liquor (~$700) (respawns)
    • Robbery 4 - 24/7 Supermarket (~$600) (respawns)
    • Robbery 11 - 24/7 Supermarket (~$600) (respawns)
    • Robbery 14 - Rob's Liquor (~$600) (respawns)
    • Robbery 15 - Rob's Liquor (~$600) (respawns)
    • ATM Robberies ($500) (respawns)
    • Robbery 2 - Limited LTD Gasoline (~$500) (respawns)
    • Chase Thieves City 2 ($500)
    • Robbery 5 - Scoops Liquor Barn (~$350) (respawns)
    • Robbery 18 - 24/7 Supermarket (~$300) (respawns)
    • Arrest 1 ($250)
    • Arrest 2 ($250)
    • Chase Thieves Country 1 ($250)
    • Mugging 1 ($200)
    • Robbery 3 - 24/7 Supermarket (~$200) (respawns)
    • Robbery 6 - 24/7 Supermarket (~$200) (respawns)
    • Chase Thieves Country 2 ($120)
    • Robbery 9 - Rob's Liquor (~$100) (respawns)
    • Robbery 20 - Trevor’s meth lab (~$100) (respawns)
    • Drunk Driver 1 ($80 then beat up and loot the guy)
    • Domestic ($80)
    • Rogue Altruists ($80)
    • Luring Girl Into Alley (~$25 in money drops)
  • AFTER collecting all the money, invest in Betta Pharmaceuticals
    • Michael should have around $3.3M, Trevor ~$1M, and Franklin ~$700k (swap Trevor and Franklin depending who purchased the Sonar Collections Dock)
• AFTER The Hotel Assassination
  • Sell Betta Pharmaceuticals (50% return)
  • Invest in Bilkington Research
  • Sell Bilkington Research (100 - 110% return)
• AFTER completing the investments, buy Boiler Suits and Masks (Blitz Play setup) with Michael
• BEFORE Mr. Richards
  • Evil (optional Dr. Friedlander mission... missable content)
    • Costs $1,000 but Michael has plenty of money
• BEFORE Caida Libre
  • Complete What Lies Beneath after collecting all (30) submarine parts ($10 profit)
  • Lastly, invest in Vangelico with Michael and Trevor (they become unavailable so need to invest now)
• BEFORE Minor Turbulence
  • Invest in Vangelico with Franklin
• AFTER Minor Turbulence
  • Sell Vangelico (42.57% return)
• The Paleto Score Setup
  • Crew: Norm Richards (gunman). Note: he will die, so be sure to pickup his money drop
  • Take: ~$455,577 each for Michael, Trevor, and Franklin
• BEFORE Derailed
  • Negativity (optional Dr. Friedlander mission... missable content)
    • Costs $1,500 but Michael has plenty of money
• BEFORE Bury the Hatchet
  • Invest in Gruppe Sechs with Michael (he will become unavailable so need to invest now)
• BEFORE Fresh Meat
  • Complete all (13) parachute jumps ($4,500 profit)
  • Complete Uncalculated Risk ($5,000 in money drops)
  • Complete An American Welcome ($1,000 total from first two CBP missions)
  • Lastly, invest in Gruppe Sechs with Trevor and Franklin
• AFTER Fresh Meat
  • Sell Gruppe Sechs (15 - 20% return)
• BEFORE Architect's Plans
  • Complete Crash Rescue to unlock Taliana Martinez as a heist member
• Architect's Plans
  • Roof Entry
  • Crew: Rickie Lukens (hacker), Daryl Johns (gunman), Taliana Martinez (driver)
  • Take: Franklin $242,346
• BEFORE Reuniting the Family
  • Fucked Up (optional Dr. Friedlander mission... missable content)
    • Costs $1,500 but Michael has plenty of money
• BEFORE Meltdown
  • Abandonment Issues - kill Dr. Friedlander and pickup ~$2,000 in money drops
  • Lastly, invest in FlyUS
• AFTER Meltdown
  • Sell FlyUS (100% return)
• Planning the Big Score
  • Obvious Approach
  • Crew: Taliana Martinez (driver 1), Karim Denz (driver 2), Daryl Johns (gunman 1), Hugh Welsh (gunman 2)
  • Take: $41,664,000 each for Michael, Trevor, and Franklin
• BEFORE The Third Way
  • Invest In Augury Insurance
• The Third Way
  • Make sure it is dawn when you start this mission. There's a cutscene at 8pm and if you finish the mission later, it will advance time to the next day and you will miss out on a bigger return.
• AFTER The Third Way
  • IMMEDIATELY invest The Big Score earning into Augury Insurance (it's too late if the stock jumped more than a few percentage points)
  • Sell Augury Insurance (100% return)
• BEFORE The Multi Target Assassination
  • Invest in Debonaire
• AFTER The Multi Target Assassination
  • Sell Debonaire (~50% return)
  • Invest in Redwood
  • Sell Redwood (~300% return)
• BEFORE The Vice Assassination
  • Invest in Fruit
• AFTER The Vice Assassination
  • Sell Fruit (25% return)
  • Invest in Facade
  • Sell Facade (33.3% return)
• AFTER The Bus Assassination
  • Invest in Vapid
  • Sell Vapid (100% return)
  • This is the point I reached the money cap, so be sure to keep your excess money in random stocks
• BEFORE The Construction Assassination
  • Invest In GoldCoast
• AFTER The Construction Assassination
  • Sell GoldCoast (~40% return)
• BEFORE Hitch Lift 1
  • Invest In Tinkle
  • You earn more money saving this for after the assassination missions
• AFTER Hitch Lift 1
  • Sell Tinkle (33% return)

And that's it! Please note that the investment return percentages are approximate and reported from various max money guides. I actually received a higher percentage on some of the investments on the LCN market. No one knows how the stock market truly works, but by save scumming here are the return percentages I got (if not noted, I got the reported percentage listed above):

• Bilkington: 106.3%
• Vangelico: 53.6%
• Gruppe Sechs: 35.7%
• FlyUS: 117.6%
• Augury Insurance: 101.2%
• Debonaire 64.5%
• Redwood: 337.9%
• GoldCoast: 57.6%

I am new to Flink/PyFlink and I'm not super familir with Java. I am trying to get a basic PyFlink job to consume a Kafka topic but can't for the life of me make it work. I can get the producer to produce messages on the topic, so I must be doing something half right. This is the error I run the consumer.

path '/config/packages/example-flink-job' does not contain a 'flake.nix', searching up FLINK_CONF_DIR already set to /nix/store/4k7w9gw9d16pfx18h98i254m7b8i4x78-flink-1.18.0/opt/flink/conf TOPIC already set to example-topic BROKER already set to webb:9092 Job has been submitted with JobID 4edfab6332cd496714503db9b2b65769 Traceback (most recent call last): File "/nix/store/0c7hlcsxnlmjdxwmf06fw6jpcm8ssj53-example-flink-job/job/consumer.py", line 29, in  read_from_kafka(env, topic, broker) File "/nix/store/0c7hlcsxnlmjdxwmf06fw6jpcm8ssj53-example-flink-job/job/consumer.py", line 23, in read_from_kafka env.execute("Read from Kafka") File "/nix/store/4k7w9gw9d16pfx18h98i254m7b8i4x78-flink-1.18.0/opt/flink/opt/python/pyflink.zip/pyflink/datastream/stream_execution_environment.py", line 773, in execute File "/nix/store/4k7w9gw9d16pfx18h98i254m7b8i4x78-flink-1.18.0/opt/flink/opt/python/py4j-0.10.9.7-src.zip/py4j/java_gateway.py", line 1322, in __call__ File "/nix/store/4k7w9gw9d16pfx18h98i254m7b8i4x78-flink-1.18.0/opt/flink/opt/python/pyflink.zip/pyflink/util/exceptions.py", line 146, in deco File "/nix/store/4k7w9gw9d16pfx18h98i254m7b8i4x78-flink-1.18.0/opt/flink/opt/python/py4j-0.10.9.7-src.zip/py4j/protocol.py", line 326, in get_return_value py4j.protocol.Py4JJavaError: An error occurred while calling o0.execute. : java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.flink.client.program.ProgramInvocationException: Job failed (JobID: 4edfab6332cd496714503db9b2b65769) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.reportGet(CompletableFuture.java:396) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.get(CompletableFuture.java:2073) at org.apache.flink.client.program.StreamContextEnvironment.getJobExecutionResult(StreamContextEnvironment.java:171) at org.apache.flink.client.program.StreamContextEnvironment.execute(StreamContextEnvironment.java:122) at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:104) at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:578) at org.apache.flink.api.python.shaded.py4j.reflection.MethodInvoker.invoke(MethodInvoker.java:244) at org.apache.flink.api.python.shaded.py4j.reflection.ReflectionEngine.invoke(ReflectionEngine.java:374) at org.apache.flink.api.python.shaded.py4j.Gateway.invoke(Gateway.java:282) at org.apache.flink.api.python.shaded.py4j.commands.AbstractCommand.invokeMethod(AbstractCommand.java:132) at org.apache.flink.api.python.shaded.py4j.commands.CallCommand.execute(CallCommand.java:79) at org.apache.flink.api.python.shaded.py4j.GatewayConnection.run(GatewayConnection.java:238) at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1589) Caused by: org.apache.flink.client.program.ProgramInvocationException: Job failed (JobID: 4edfab6332cd496714503db9b2b65769) at org.apache.flink.client.deployment.ClusterClientJobClientAdapter.lambda$null$6(ClusterClientJobClientAdapter.java:130) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$UniApply.tryFire(CompletableFuture.java:646) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.postComplete(CompletableFuture.java:510) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.complete(CompletableFuture.java:2179) at org.apache.flink.util.concurrent.FutureUtils.lambda$retryOperationWithDelay$6(FutureUtils.java:302) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.uniWhenComplete(CompletableFuture.java:863) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$UniWhenComplete.tryFire(CompletableFuture.java:841) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.postComplete(CompletableFuture.java:510) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.complete(CompletableFuture.java:2179) at org.apache.flink.client.program.rest.RestClusterClient.lambda$pollResourceAsync$33(RestClusterClient.java:794) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.uniWhenComplete(CompletableFuture.java:863) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$UniWhenComplete.tryFire(CompletableFuture.java:841) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.postComplete(CompletableFuture.java:510) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.complete(CompletableFuture.java:2179) at org.apache.flink.util.concurrent.FutureUtils.lambda$retryOperationWithDelay$6(FutureUtils.java:302) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.uniWhenComplete(CompletableFuture.java:863) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$UniWhenComplete.tryFire(CompletableFuture.java:841) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.postComplete(CompletableFuture.java:510) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.postFire(CompletableFuture.java:614) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$UniCompose.tryFire(CompletableFuture.java:1163) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$Completion.run(CompletableFuture.java:482) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1144) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:642) ... 1 more Caused by: org.apache.flink.runtime.client.JobExecutionException: Job execution failed. at org.apache.flink.runtime.jobmaster.JobResult.toJobExecutionResult(JobResult.java:144) at org.apache.flink.client.deployment.ClusterClientJobClientAdapter.lambda$null$6(ClusterClientJobClientAdapter.java:128) ... 23 more Caused by: org.apache.flink.runtime.JobException: Recovery is suppressed by NoRestartBackoffTimeStrategy at org.apache.flink.runtime.executiongraph.failover.flip1.ExecutionFailureHandler.handleFailure(ExecutionFailureHandler.java:176) at org.apache.flink.runtime.executiongraph.failover.flip1.ExecutionFailureHandler.getFailureHandlingResult(ExecutionFailureHandler.java:107) at org.apache.flink.runtime.scheduler.DefaultScheduler.recordTaskFailure(DefaultScheduler.java:285) at org.apache.flink.runtime.scheduler.DefaultScheduler.handleTaskFailure(DefaultScheduler.java:276) at org.apache.flink.runtime.scheduler.DefaultScheduler.onTaskFailed(DefaultScheduler.java:269) at org.apache.flink.runtime.scheduler.SchedulerBase.onTaskExecutionStateUpdate(SchedulerBase.java:764) at org.apache.flink.runtime.scheduler.SchedulerBase.updateTaskExecutionState(SchedulerBase.java:741) at org.apache.flink.runtime.scheduler.SchedulerNG.updateTaskExecutionState(SchedulerNG.java:83) at org.apache.flink.runtime.jobmaster.JobMaster.updateTaskExecutionState(JobMaster.java:488) at jdk.internal.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor181.invoke(Unknown Source) at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566) at org.apache.flink.runtime.rpc.pekko.PekkoRpcActor.lambda$handleRpcInvocation$1(PekkoRpcActor.java:309) at org.apache.flink.runtime.concurrent.ClassLoadingUtils.runWithContextClassLoader(ClassLoadingUtils.java:83) at org.apache.flink.runtime.rpc.pekko.PekkoRpcActor.handleRpcInvocation(PekkoRpcActor.java:307) at org.apache.flink.runtime.rpc.pekko.PekkoRpcActor.handleRpcMessage(PekkoRpcActor.java:222) at org.apache.flink.runtime.rpc.pekko.FencedPekkoRpcActor.handleRpcMessage(FencedPekkoRpcActor.java:85) at org.apache.flink.runtime.rpc.pekko.PekkoRpcActor.handleMessage(PekkoRpcActor.java:168) at org.apache.pekko.japi.pf.UnitCaseStatement.apply(CaseStatements.scala:33) at org.apache.pekko.japi.pf.UnitCaseStatement.apply(CaseStatements.scala:29) at scala.PartialFunction.applyOrElse(PartialFunction.scala:127) at scala.PartialFunction.applyOrElse$(PartialFunction.scala:126) at org.apache.pekko.japi.pf.UnitCaseStatement.applyOrElse(CaseStatements.scala:29) at scala.PartialFunction$OrElse.applyOrElse(PartialFunction.scala:175) at scala.PartialFunction$OrElse.applyOrElse(PartialFunction.scala:176) at scala.PartialFunction$OrElse.applyOrElse(PartialFunction.scala:176) at org.apache.pekko.actor.Actor.aroundReceive(Actor.scala:547) at org.apache.pekko.actor.Actor.aroundReceive$(Actor.scala:545) at org.apache.pekko.actor.AbstractActor.aroundReceive(AbstractActor.scala:229) at org.apache.pekko.actor.ActorCell.receiveMessage(ActorCell.scala:590) at org.apache.pekko.actor.ActorCell.invoke(ActorCell.scala:557) at org.apache.pekko.dispatch.Mailbox.processMailbox(Mailbox.scala:280) at org.apache.pekko.dispatch.Mailbox.run(Mailbox.scala:241) at org.apache.pekko.dispatch.Mailbox.exec(Mailbox.scala:253) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.doExec(ForkJoinTask.java:290) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool$WorkQueue.topLevelExec(ForkJoinPool.java:1020) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.scan(ForkJoinPool.java:1656) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.runWorker(ForkJoinPool.java:1594) at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinWorkerThread.run(ForkJoinWorkerThread.java:183) Caused by: java.io.IOException: Cannot run program "python": error=2, No such file or directory at java.base/java.lang.ProcessBuilder.start(ProcessBuilder.java:1128) at java.base/java.lang.ProcessBuilder.start(ProcessBuilder.java:1071) at org.apache.flink.python.util.PythonEnvironmentManagerUtils.execute(PythonEnvironmentManagerUtils.java:175) at org.apache.flink.python.util.PythonEnvironmentManagerUtils.getPythonUdfRunnerScript(PythonEnvironmentManagerUtils.java:139) at org.apache.flink.python.env.process.ProcessPythonEnvironmentManager.createEnvironment(ProcessPythonEnvironmentManager.java:59) at org.apache.flink.streaming.api.runners.python.beam.BeamPythonFunctionRunner.createPythonExecutionEnvironment(BeamPythonFunctionRunner.java:441) at org.apache.flink.streaming.api.runners.python.beam.BeamPythonFunctionRunner.lambda$open$0(BeamPythonFunctionRunner.java:269) at org.apache.flink.runtime.memory.MemoryManager.lambda$getSharedMemoryResourceForManagedMemory$5(MemoryManager.java:539) at org.apache.flink.runtime.memory.SharedResources.createResource(SharedResources.java:126) at org.apache.flink.runtime.memory.SharedResources.getOrAllocateSharedResource(SharedResources.java:72) at org.apache.flink.runtime.memory.MemoryManager.getSharedMemoryResourceForManagedMemory(MemoryManager.java:555) at org.apache.flink.streaming.api.runners.python.beam.BeamPythonFunctionRunner.open(BeamPythonFunctionRunner.java:272) at org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.python.process.AbstractExternalPythonFunctionOperator.open(AbstractExternalPythonFunctionOperator.java:57) at org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.python.process.AbstractExternalDataStreamPythonFunctionOperator.open(AbstractExternalDataStreamPythonFunctionOperator.java:85) at org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.python.process.AbstractExternalOneInputPythonFunctionOperator.open(AbstractExternalOneInputPythonFunctionOperator.java:117) at org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.python.process.ExternalPythonProcessOperator.open(ExternalPythonProcessOperator.java:64) at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.tasks.RegularOperatorChain.initializeStateAndOpenOperators(RegularOperatorChain.java:107) at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.tasks.StreamTask.restoreGates(StreamTask.java:753) at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.tasks.StreamTaskActionExecutor$SynchronizedStreamTaskActionExecutor.call(StreamTaskActionExecutor.java:100) at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.tasks.StreamTask.restoreInternal(StreamTask.java:728) at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.tasks.StreamTask.restore(StreamTask.java:693) at org.apache.flink.runtime.taskmanager.Task.runWithSystemExitMonitoring(Task.java:953) at org.apache.flink.runtime.taskmanager.Task.restoreAndInvoke(Task.java:922) at org.apache.flink.runtime.taskmanager.Task.doRun(Task.java:746) at org.apache.flink.runtime.taskmanager.Task.run(Task.java:562) at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:829) Caused by: java.io.IOException: error=2, No such file or directory at java.base/java.lang.ProcessImpl.forkAndExec(Native Method) at java.base/java.lang.ProcessImpl.(ProcessImpl.java:340) at java.base/java.lang.ProcessImpl.start(ProcessImpl.java:271) at java.base/java.lang.ProcessBuilder.start(ProcessBuilder.java:1107) ... 25 more org.apache.flink.client.program.ProgramAbortException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Python process exits with code: 1 at org.apache.flink.client.python.PythonDriver.main(PythonDriver.java:140) at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:104) at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:578) at org.apache.flink.client.program.PackagedProgram.callMainMethod(PackagedProgram.java:355) at org.apache.flink.client.program.PackagedProgram.invokeInteractiveModeForExecution(PackagedProgram.java:222) at org.apache.flink.client.ClientUtils.executeProgram(ClientUtils.java:105) at org.apache.flink.client.cli.CliFrontend.executeProgram(CliFrontend.java:851) at org.apache.flink.client.cli.CliFrontend.run(CliFrontend.java:245) at org.apache.flink.client.cli.CliFrontend.parseAndRun(CliFrontend.java:1095) at org.apache.flink.client.cli.CliFrontend.lambda$mainInternal$9(CliFrontend.java:1189) at org.apache.flink.runtime.security.contexts.NoOpSecurityContext.runSecured(NoOpSecurityContext.java:28) at org.apache.flink.client.cli.CliFrontend.mainInternal(CliFrontend.java:1189) at org.apache.flink.client.cli.CliFrontend.main(CliFrontend.java:1157) Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Python process exits with code: 1 at org.apache.flink.client.python.PythonDriver.main(PythonDriver.java:130) ... 12 more 

this is the code thats running:

import os from pyflink.common import Types from pyflink.datastream import StreamExecutionEnvironment from pyflink.datastream.connectors import FlinkKafkaConsumer from pyflink.common.serialization import SimpleStringSchema def process_message(message): # Your custom processing logic here return "Processed: " + message def read_from_kafka(env, topic, broker): deserialization_schema = SimpleStringSchema() kafka_consumer = FlinkKafkaConsumer( topics=topic, deserialization_schema=deserialization_schema, properties={'bootstrap.servers': broker, 'group.id': 'test_group_1'} ) kafka_consumer.set_start_from_earliest() # Apply the process_message function to each message env.add_source(kafka_consumer).flat_map(lambda x: [(process_message(x),)], output_type=Types.TUPLE([Types.STRING()])) # Start the environment env.execute("Read from Kafka") if __name__ == '__main__': env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.get_execution_environment() topic = os.getenv("TOPIC") broker = os.getenv("BROKER") read_from_kafka(env, topic, broker) 

the python environment is this:

[tool.poetry] name = "example-flink-job" version = "0.1.0" description = "" authors = ["Matt Camp "] readme = "README.md" [tool.poetry.dependencies] python = "^3.11" kafka-python = "^2.0.2" schema = "^0.7.5" python-dateutil = "^2.9.0.post0" simplejson = "^3.19.2" confluent-kafka = "^2.3.0" pytest = "^8.1.1" google-api-python-client = "^2.124.0" boto3 = "^1.34.75" pillow = "^10.3.0" apache-flink = "^1.19.0" apache-flink-libraries = "^1.19.0" psycopg2-binary = "^2.9.9" setuptools = "^69.5.1" pyflink = "^1.0" google-cloud-bigquery-storage = "^2.24.0" [tool.poetry.group.dev.dependencies] pytest-mock = "^3.14.0" pytest = "^8.1.1" [build-system] requires = ["poetry-core"] build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api" 

If you have a Kafka cluster and Nix you can run my stuff like this:

export TOPIC=example-topic export BROKER=yourkakfa:9092 export FLINK_CONF_DIR=/path/to/flink/conf # this works and will populate the topic nix run gitlab:usmcamp0811/dotfiles#example-flink-job.producer # this will fail with the above error nix run gitlab:usmcamp0811/dotfiles#example-flink-job.consumer 

I have the taskmanager and jobmanager running as a systemd service on the same machine.
My flink_conf.yaml looks like this:

env.java.opts.all: --add-exports=java.base/sun.net.util=ALL-UNNAMED --add-exports=java.rmi/sun.rmi.registry=ALL-UNNAMED --add-exports=jdk.compilecom.sun.tools.javac.api=ALL-UNNAMED --add-exports=jdk.compilecom.sun.tools.javac.file=ALL-UNNAMED --add-exports=jdk.compilecom.sun.tools.javac.parser=ALL-UNNAMED --add-exports=jdk.compilecom.sun.tools.javac.tree=ALL-UNNAMED --add-exports=jdk.compilecom.sun.tools.javac.util=ALL-UNNAMED --add-exports=java.security.jgss/sun.security.krb5=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.net=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.nio=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/sun.nio.ch=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.lang.reflect=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.text=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.time=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent.atomic=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent.locks=ALL-UNNAMED jobmanager.rpc.address: lucas jobmanager.rpc.port: 6123 jobmanager.bind-host: jobmanager.memory.process.size: 10600m taskmanager.bind-host: taskmanager.host: lucas taskmanager.memory.process.size: 11728m taskmanager.numberOfTaskSlots: 4 parallelism.default: 1 jobmanager.execution.failover-strategy: region rest.port: 8081 rest.address: lucas rest.bind-port: 8080-8090 rest.bind-address: env.log.dir: /valib/flink/flink-logs python.tmpdir: /tmp/pyflink0.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.0 

it is shared with the jobmanager and the taskmanager
the actual run command that the nix commands above are running are:

/nix/store/4k7w9gw9d16pfx18h98i254m7b8i4x78-flink-1.18.0/bin/flink run \ -py /nix/store/0c7hlcsxnlmjdxwmf06fw6jpcm8ssj53-example-flink-job/job/consumer.py \ -pyclientexec /nix/store/yyxmr9i3ny0ax2nxqhbgy974avj67phv-python3-3.11.8-env/bin/python \ --jarfile /nix/store/6280vm1ll4mvv0yyjymphvvfjyylhsfc-flink-sql-connector-kafka-3.0.2-1.18.jar 

the flink-sql-connector-kafka jar is coming from:

"https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/flink/${kafka-jar}/${jar-version}/${kafka-jar}-${jar-version}.jar" 

This is the version of Flink I am using: Version: 1.18.0, Commit ID: a5548cc
Any suggestions on what I am missing or pointers would be great TIA!!!

I 6.0have seen a massive number of posts in Indian market subs (personalfinanceind/ indianstreetbets/ indiainvestments /CreditcardsIndia), so here is a master list that should cover 99.99% of use cases.
Before we begin, some data to help you gauge returns. (These returns are all point-to-point datasets, so take them with a grain of salt).

Index		1 year	3 Year	5 Year	10 Year	15 Year	20 year
Equity (Nifty 50)		12.9	26.1	12.9	13.3	10.6	17.2
Equity (S&P 500)		9.5	16.2	15.7	16.4	14.8	12.9
Gold		14.2	7.6	13.1	7.5	10.3	12.0
Debt		6.5	5.5	6.8	7.4	7.5	7.2
Real Estate		6.0	4.8	5.2	4.8	6.5	9.0

Source: The Funds India Wealth report, June '23. Link Here.
So here goes nothing. Some of these will seem fucking stupid, but who am I to judge. A mathematician must be impartial and cover all bases, so here goes.
If you would like to help me with my little project, please DM as I'm just a college student with basic VBA programming skills. It would look good on our resumes. (more on this at the end of the post).
Six important points:

1. All of these assume no debt/ or that your investable income after debt payments can cover these.
2. All of these are total investment valuation (invested capital + returns) not net capital gains (just returns).
3. These assume that your "existing investments" are appreciating (giving returns) at the same % as your monthly investments. As I mentioned at the bottom for a calculation involving different returns across asset classes, watch this space for more in the future.
4. I have taken the median since the existing investments are given as a range. Ex; for 50-1cr it will be 75 Lakh.
5. Currently only 1 crore targets have been posted for 1,3,5 and 7 years, at 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, and 17.5% interests. I will be doing the analyses for 2 Crore, 3 Crore, 5 Crore and 10 Crore as well, and posting them in a gdoc. I will link this gdoc soon by mid may, so follow to stay in the loop. Also, to that doc (including for this 1 crore analysis) I will be adding calculations for 6%, 8%, 11%, 13%, and 14% to fill in the most common gaps.
6. How to gauge which slab you slot into: 5% = Mostly FDs. 7.5% = Bonds and FDs. 10% = Debt. 12.5% = Largecap equities and MFs. 15% = High growth portfolio. 17.5% = be realistic, go back to 12.5 or 15.

Target 1 crore in 1 year

Existing Investments 0 (0 rupees)

• At 5.0% Interest: 812,759 per month x 12 months
• At 7.5% Interest: 803,433 per month x 12 months
• At 10 % Interest: 794,193 per month x 12 months
• At 12.5% Interest: 785,038 per month x 12 months
• At 15 % Interest: 775,968 per month x 12 months
• At 17.5% Interest: 766,982 per month x 12 months

Existing Investments 0 <= 5 Lakh (2.5 Lakh)

• At 5.0% Interest: 7,93,006 per month x 12 months
• At 7.5% Interest: 783,385 per month x 12 months
• At 10 % Interest: 773,847 per month x 12 months
• At 12.5% Interest: 764,391 per month x 12 months
• At 15 % Interest: 755,019 per month x 12 months
• At 17.5% Interest: 745,728 per month x 12 months

Existing Investments 5 Lakh <= 15 Lakh (10 Lakh)

• At 5.0% Interest: 728,801 per month x 12 months
• At 7.5% Interest: 718,317 per month x 12 months
• At 10 % Interest: 707,910 per month x 12 months
• At 12.5% Interest: 697,579 per month x 12 months
• At 15 % Interest: 687,325 per month x 12 months
• At 17.5% Interest: 677,147 per month x 12 months

Existing Investments 15 lakh <= 25 lakh (20 Lakh)

• At 5.0% Interest: 643,193 per month x 12 months
• At 7.5% Interest: 631, 559 per month x 12 months
• At 10 % Interest: 619,994 per month x 12 months
• At 12.5% Interest: 608, 496 per month x 12 months
• At 15 % Interest: 597,066 per month x 12 months
• At 17.5% Interest: 585,704 per month x 12 months

Existing Investments 25 lakh <= 50 Lakh (37.5 Lakh)

• At 5.0% Interest: 493,380 per month x 12 months
• At 7.5% Interest: 479,734 per month x 12 months
• At 10 % Interest: 466,141 per month x 12 months
• At 12.5% Interest: 452,601 per month x 12 months
• At 15 % Interest: 439,114 per month x 12 months
• At 17.5% Interest: 425,680 per month x 12 months

Existing Investments 50 Lakh <= 1 Crore (75 lakh)

• At 5.0% Interest: 172,352 per month x 12 months
• At 7.5% Interest: 154, 394 per month x 12 months
• At 10 % Interest: 136,456 per month x 12 months
• At 12.5% Interest: 118,540 per month x 12 months
• At 15 % Interest: 100,646 per month x 12 months
• At 17.5% Interest: 82,772 per month x 12 months

Existing Investments 1 Crore <= 2 Crore
Null for this use case.

Target 1 Crore in 3 Years

Existing Investments 0 (0 Rupees) - At 5.0% Interest: 258,042 per month x 36 months - At 7.5% Interest: 248,562 per month x 36 months - At 10 % Interest: 239,339 per month x 36 months - At 12.5% Interest: 230,370 per month x 36 months - At 15 % Interest: 221,653 per month x 36 months - At 17.5% Interest: 213,187 per month x 36 months
Existing Investments 0 <= 5 Lakh (2.5 Lakh) -At 5.0% Interest: ₹250,550 per month x 36 months
-At 7.5% Interest: ₹240,786 per month x 36 months
-At 10% Interest: ₹231,272 per month x 36 months
-At 12.5% Interest: ₹222,006 per month x 36 months
-At 15% Interest: ₹212,987 per month x 36 months
-At 17.5% Interest: ₹204,212 per month x 36 months
Existing Investments 5 Lakh <= 15 Lakh (10 Lakh)
-At 5.0% Interest: ₹228,071 per month x 36 months
-At 7.5% Interest: ₹217,456 per month x 36 months
-At 10% Interest: ₹207,071 per month x 36 months
-At 12.5% Interest: ₹196,916 per month x 36 months
-At 15% Interest: ₹186,988 per month x 36 months
-At 17.5% Interest: ₹177,285 per month x 36 months
Existing Investments 15 lakh <= 25 lakh (20 Lakh)
-At 5.0% Interest: ₹198,101 per month x 36 months
-At 7.5% Interest: ₹186,350 per month x 36 months
-At 10% Interest: ₹174,804 per month x 36 months
-At 12.5% Interest: ₹163,462 per month x 36 months
-At 15% Interest: ₹152,323 per month x 36 months
-At 17.5% Interest: ₹141,383 per month x 36 months
Existing Investments 25 lakh <= 50 Lakh (37.5 Lakh)
-At 5.0% Interest: ₹145,651 per month x 36 months
-At 7.5% Interest: ₹131,914 per month x 36 months
-At 10% Interest: ₹118,337 per month x 36 months
-At 12.5% Interest: ₹104,918 per month x 36 months
-At 15% Interest: ₹91,658 per month x 36 months
-At 17.5% Interest: ₹78,555 per month x 36 months
Existing Investments 50 Lakh <= 1 Crore (75 Lakh)
At 5.0% Interest: ₹33,261 per month x 36 months
At 7.5% Interest: ₹15,266 per month x 36 months
At 10% Interest: (-)₹2,665 per month x 36 months
At 12.5% Interest: (-)₹20,533 per month x 36 months
At 15% Interest: (-)₹38,337 per month x 36 months
At 17.5% Interest: (-)₹56,078 per month x 36 months
Where I mention a (-) in front of a number, basically it means that you can withdraw that much investment per month and still be left with 1 crore at maturity. Non inflation-adjusted.
Existing Investments 1 Crore <= 2 Crore
Null for this use case.

Target 1 Crore in 5 years

Existing Investments 0 (0 Rupees) -At 5.0% Interest: ₹147,046 per month x 60 months
-At 7.5% Interest: ₹137,879 per month x 60 months
-At 10% Interest: ₹129,137 per month x 60 months
-At 12.5% Interest: ₹120,813 per month x 60 months
-At 15% Interest: ₹112,899 per month x 60 months
-At 17.5% Interest: ₹105,389 per month x 60 months
Existing Investments 0 Lakh <= 5 Lakh (2.5 Lakh) -At 5.0% Interest: ₹142,328 per month x 60 months
-At 7.5% Interest: ₹132,870 per month x 60 months
-At 10% Interest: ₹123,825 per month x 60 months
-At 12.5% Interest: ₹115,188 per month x 60 months
-At 15% Interest: ₹106,952 per month x 60 months
-At 17.5% Interest: ₹99,108 per month x 60 months
Existing Investments 5 Lakh <= 15 Lakh (10 lakh)
-At 5.0% Interest: ₹128,174 per month x 60 months
-At 7.5% Interest: ₹117,842 per month x 60 months
-At 10% Interest: ₹107,890 per month x 60 months
-At 12.5% Interest: ₹98,315 per month x 60 months
-At 15% Interest: ₹89,109 per month x 60 months
-At 17.5% Interest: ₹80,267 per month x 60 months
Existing Investments 15 lakh <= 25 lakh (20 lakh)
-At 5.0% Interest: ₹109,303 per month x 60 months
-At 7.5% Interest: ₹97,804 per month x 60 months
-At 10% Interest: ₹86,643 per month x 60 months
-At 12.5% Interest: ₹75,817 per month x 60 months
-At 15% Interest: ₹65,319 per month x 60 months
-At 17.5% Interest: ₹55,144 per month x 60 months
Existing Investments 25 lakh <= 50 Lakh (37.5 lakh)
-At 5.0% Interest: ₹76,279 per month x 60 months
-At 7.5% Interest: ₹62,737 per month x 60 months
-At 10% Interest: ₹49,461 per month x 60 months
-At 12.5% Interest: ₹36,445 per month x 60 months
-At 15% Interest: ₹23,687 per month x 60 months
-At 17.5% Interest: ₹11,181 per month x 60 months
Existing Investments 50 Lakh <= 1 Crore (75 lakh)
-At 5.0% Interest: ₹5,511 per month x 60 months
-At 7.5% Interest: (-)₹12,405 per month x 60 months
-At 10% Interest: (-)₹30,216 per month x 60 months
-At 12.5% Interest: (-)₹47,922 per month x 60 months
-At 15% Interest: (-)₹65,525 per month x 60 months
-At 17.5% Interest: (-)₹83,028 per month x 60 months
Where I mention a (-) in front of a number, basically it means that you can withdraw that much investment per month and still be left with 1 crore at maturity. Non inflation-adjusted.
Existing Investments 1 Crore <= 2 Crore Null for this use case.

Target 1 crore in 7 Years

Existing Investments 0 (0 Rupees) -At 5.0% Interest: ₹99,672 per month x 84 months
-At 7.5% Interest: ₹90,883 per month x 84 months
-At 10% Interest: ₹82,679 per month x 84 months
-At 12.5% Interest: ₹75,046 per month x 84 months
-At 15% Interest: ₹67,968 per month x 84 months
-At 17.5% Interest: ₹61,425 per month x 84 months
Existing Investments 0 <= 5 Lakh (2.5 Lakh) -At 5.0% Interest: ₹96,139 per month x 84 months
-At 7.5% Interest: ₹87,048 per month x 84 months
-At 10% Interest: ₹78,528 per month x 84 months
-At 12.5% Interest: ₹70,565 per month x 84 months
-At 15% Interest: ₹63,143 per month x 84 months
-At 17.5% Interest: ₹56,243 per month x 84 months
Existing Investments 5 Lakh <= 15 Lakh (10 lakh) -At 5.0% Interest: ₹85,539 per month x 84 months
-At 7.5% Interest: ₹75,544 per month x 84 months
-At 10% Interest: ₹66,077 per month x 84 months
-At 12.5% Interest: ₹57,124 per month x 84 months
-At 15% Interest: ₹48,671 per month x 84 months
-At 17.5% Interest: ₹40,699 per month x 84 months
Existing Investments 15 lakh <= 25 lakh (20 lakh) -At 5.0% Interest: ₹71,405 per month x 84 months
-At 7.5% Interest: ₹60,206 per month x 84 months
-At 10% Interest: ₹49,476 per month x 84 months
-At 12.5% Interest: ₹39,203 per month x 84 months
-At 15% Interest: ₹29,374 per month x 84 months
-At 17.5% Interest: ₹19,973 per month x 84 months
Existing Investments 25 lakh <= 50 Lakh (37.5 lakh) At 5.0% Interest: ₹46,670 per month x 84 months
At 7.5% Interest: ₹33,364 per month x 84 months
At 10% Interest: ₹20,424 per month x 84 months
At 12.5% Interest: ₹7,841 per month x 84 months
At 15% Interest: (-)₹4,395 per month x 84 months
At 17.5% Interest: (-)₹16,297 per month x 84 months
Where I mention a (-) in front of a number, basically it means that you can withdraw that much investment per month and still be left with 1 crore at maturity. Non inflation-adjusted.
Existing Investments 50 Lakh <= 1 Crore (75 lakh) At 5.0% Interest: (-)₹6,332 per month x 84 months
At 7.5% Interest: (-)₹24,154 per month x 84 months
At 10% Interest: (-)₹41,830 per month x 84 months
At 12.5% Interest: (-)₹59,364 per month x 84 months
At 15% Interest: (-)₹76,758 per month x 84 months
At 17.5% Interest: (-)₹94,019 per month x 84 months
Where I mention a (-) in front of a number, basically it means that you can withdraw that much investment per month and still be left with 1 crore at maturity. Non inflation-adjusted.
Existing Investments 1 Crore <= 2 Crore Null for this use case.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
How accurate is my data? it is a very rough guide. For example, 1.2 lakh invested at 15% for 5 years gives you 1.07 crore, but I have rounded it to the nearest crore and nearest % as well for ease. This post is meant to be a broad guideline not a hard and fast rule. How did I come up with these numbers? : I didn't pull these numbers out of my ass. I have built my own (patented) investment calculator using VBA that you can use if your goals are different (DM). The key difference is that this investment calculator does five main things. AFAIK there is stuff that can do all of this separately, but no one tool that can do it all.

1. it takes into account any existing investments you have. For now it assumes a common rate of interest between your existing closed and existing ongoing returns, in the future I'll have separate sections and rates of interest to cater to people who have multi asset class investments. For example future case could popularly be 30L in FD earning 7.25% interest, Existing MF portfolio of 15L with SIPs of 20k per month earning 13%, Bonds with X maturity date earning 5%, and private loan given earning 10%. Then it will calculate the interest on maturity date, do some forex and PPP conversions, and account for live inflation. It shows you both adjusted for inflation and actual returns for convenience.
2. it takes into account SIPs and is not rigid on a 12 month multiplier (I. E. Can calculate SIPs for, say, 27.5 months for example). Side note: most SIP calcs today are limited to 30 years, with groww being 40. This can go up to 100 years, I am for you to be able to plan legacy investing (kids, grandkids) using it soon. I also will sometime in my vacations from college code it to be able to deal with SWPs (marriage, education, foreign education, travel, home purchase, car purchase, etc.), and for it to be able to categorize those as appreciating assets and depreciating assets using AI (very long term goal) (EYQ).
3. can account for semi regular additional investments outside of SIPs (bi annual bonuses, birthday cash, gifts from relatives, mom and dads gift to you etc.)
4. pulls the inflation rate from the RBI website and accounts for this in giving you the maturity value
5. pulls the current and historical forex data and makes a prediction on that basis, target date your maturity date, and converts your portfolio into USD, EUR, GBP, AED, QAR, OMR and AUD. Will add a PPP calculation also later. This is because my calculator is targeting Nri users. If you would like to help me in my little project please DM as I'm just a college student with basic VBA programming skills. It would look good on our resumes. Also feel free to drop a follow if you want to stay updated on this. I plan to make the calculator free on a page on my website but currently idk how to replicate excel logic in programming languages (self taught coder).

If you go into Deletion Utility - Custom Image, what is the highest number slot you have? I’m not talking about data size, ignore that. But where it says Slot 01, Slot 02, etc, what is the highest slot that yours goes up to?
I haven’t experienced the glitch yet, but I was curious about this and I counted, I have only 390 images downloaded, but the highest number slot I have is 539.
In previous games, let’s say you had three images. As far as I remember, deleting Slot 02 (for example) would cause Slot 03 to be renamed to Slot 02, and then the next thing you download would be Slot 03. But in 2K24, deleting Slot 02 seems to wipe it the fuck from existence, the next thing you download is Slot 04.
So what I’m wondering is that because of this, perhaps the game is recognizing that people are hitting Slot 1000 or higher and that’s causing problems, because the game probably isn’t meant to recognize anything higher than the 1000 limit. Kind of like the Y2K issue. It would make sense as to why deleting things doesn’t seem to help, it’s not that you’ve actually used up too much space, it’s that the game has run out of image slots. But to test this theory, I need people who’ve experienced the glitch to report what the highest image slot number they have in deletion utility is.

Claude, Gemini and ChatGPT are all free versions.
The lottery is translated as Today's Lotto 539 (Claude)/Taiwan Lottery 539 (Gemini)/Daily Cash 539 (ChatGPT)
Even for the translation Claude is better! (Mandarin name: 今彩539, official translation is Lotto 5/39).
Rules are simple, I typed it in the prompt:

Me:

Please calculate the probability of this:
Paul chose 5 numbers out of 1 to 39, and the lottery machine spitted out 5 random numbers out of 1 to 39, Paul had 2 numbers that fit and won the fourth prize.

Claude:

To calculate the probability of this scenario, we need to consider the following: 1. There are 39 numbers to choose from. 2. Paul chose 5 numbers out of the 39. 3. The lottery machine randomly selected 5 numbers out of the 39. 4. Paul had 2 numbers that matched the lottery numbers. 5. Paul won the fourth prize. The probability of this event can be calculated as follows: The total number of possible combinations of 5 numbers out of 39 is: C(39, 5) = 39! / (5! * (39 - 5)!) = 575,757 The number of ways to choose 2 numbers out of the 5 numbers Paul selected is: C(5, 2) = 5! / (2! * (5 - 2)!) = 10 The number of ways to choose the remaining 3 numbers out of the 34 remaining numbers is: C(34, 3) = 34! / (3! * (34 - 3)!) = 5,984 The probability of this event occurring is: (10 * 5,984) / 575,757 ≈ 0.104 or 10.4% Therefore, the probability of Paul having 2 numbers that matched the lottery numbers and winning the fourth prize is approximately 10.4%.

Gemini:

To calculate the exact probability of winning fourth prize with 2 matching numbers is quite complex because it depends on the specific lottery rules. Here's why: * **Fourth prize definition:** Lottery rules vary on what constitutes a fourth-prize win. Sometimes it might require only 2 matching numbers, but other times it might require 2 matching numbers plus an additional factor like a bonus number. * **Number of matching locations:** Even if the lottery defines a fourth-prize win with 2 matching numbers, it might matter where those matches fall. For example, some lotteries might differentiate between having the first 2 numbers match versus having the last 2 numbers match. However, we can calculate the probability of Paul getting exactly 2 matches out of 5 chosen numbers. This gives us a general idea of how unlikely it is: 1. **Total possible lottery number combinations:** There are 39 choices for the first number, 38 choices left for the second, 37 for the third, and so on. So, the total number of combinations is 39 * 38 * 37 * 36 * 35 = 575,757. 2. **Favorable outcomes:** There are different ways to get 2 matching numbers (first two match, second two match, etc.). To calculate all possibilities, we can use a combination formula. However, since the order doesn't matter in this case (we only care about getting 2 matches), it's simpler to calculate the total number of winning outcomes and then divide by the number of times order can affect the outcome (which is 5! or 5 factorial = 120). The number of ways to choose 2 winning numbers out of 5 is: (Number to choose from) choose (Number to choose) = (5 choose 2) = 10 So, the total number of favorable outcomes where Paul gets exactly 2 winning numbers is 10 / 120 = 1/12 3. **Probability:** Finally, we divide the number of favorable outcomes by the total number of possible combinations: Probability = Favorable outcomes / Total outcomes = 1/12 / 575,757 ≈ 1.74 x 10^-7 (approximately 1 in 5.7 million) **Important Note:** This is an estimate and might not reflect the exact probability for winning the fourth prize in a specific lottery due to the reasons mentioned earlier.

ChatGPT:

To calculate the probability of Paul winning the fourth prize in the lottery, we first need to find the total number of possible combinations for both Paul's selection and the lottery machine's selection. 1. Total number of combinations for Paul's selection: Paul chooses 5 numbers out of 39, so the number of combinations is given by the binomial coefficient "39 choose 5": \[ \text{Number of combinations} = \binom{39}{5} \] 2. Total number of combinations for the lottery machine's selection: The lottery machine also selects 5 numbers out of 39. Since order doesn't matter, the number of combinations is the same as for Paul's selection: \[ \text{Number of combinations} = \binom{39}{5} \] 3. Number of favorable outcomes (Paul's numbers matching the lottery machine's numbers): Paul needs to match 2 out of his 5 numbers with the numbers selected by the lottery machine. We can calculate this using combinations: \[ \text{Number of favorable outcomes} = \binom{5}{2} \] Now, to calculate the probability, we divide the number of favorable outcomes by the total number of combinations: \[ \text{Probability} = \frac{\text{Number of favorable outcomes}}{\text{Total number of combinations}} \] Plugging in the values: \[ \text{Probability} = \frac{\binom{5}{2}}{\binom{39}{5}} \] Let's calculate this: \[ \text{Number of combinations for Paul's selection} = \binom{39}{5} = \frac{39!}{5!(39-5)!} = \frac{39!}{5!34!} = \frac{39 \times 38 \times 37 \times 36 \times 35}{5 \times 4 \times 3 \times 2 \times 1} = 575,757 \] \[ \text{Number of favorable outcomes} = \binom{5}{2} = \frac{5!}{2!(5-2)!} = \frac{5!}{2!3!} = \frac{5 \times 4}{2 \times 1} = 10 \] So, the probability of Paul winning the fourth prize is: \[ \text{Probability} = \frac{\text{Number of favorable outcomes}}{\text{Total number of combinations}} = \frac{10}{575,757} \] \[ \text{Probability} \approx \frac{1}{57,576} \] So, the probability of Paul winning the fourth prize in the lottery is approximately \( \frac{1}{57,576} \).

If you've learned combinations, you'd know Claude is right, ChatGPT forgot to multiply the combinations of the 3 out of 39-5=34 numbers that don't match, and Gemini is just terribly wrong.
I also Googled and a blogger has the same results as Claude and I.
Plus I bought one ticket, two times now, and they both won the fourth prize (2 matching numbers), so the chances must be high, and 10.4% seems plausible.
I won yesterday and the prize is 50 TWD (1.55 USD), recovering the cost of the ticket 50 TWD lol.

Taxation
I personally believe that the federal government should implement a simple Negative Income Tax system, a 25% VAT, and a LVT.
The NIT system would provide a maximum benefit of $24k for adults who are head of household or who’s relationship status is single, $12k for adult dependants within a household, and $6k for all minors. The formula for how this NIT would work, is as follows:
50% tax ([taxable income] - $48,000)
The 50% tax rate is a flat tax rate on all net positive tax liabilities, as calculated by the calculator. For example, if you are earning $40k a year, then you would subtract that by the income limit (the max income you can have and still receive a payout), and multiply it by 0.5. This would net you a pay out of $4k. When the number is negative, that means a net payout to you. When the number is positive, that is the tax you owe.
Such a tax system would eliminate poverty within this country. An unemployed individual earning no income would automatically receive $24k, due to how the calculations work out. That is enough for $350/mo on food, $1500/mo for an 1 bedroom apartment, and $150/mo for clothing. An unemployed family consisting of 1 head of household, 1 adult dependant, and 2 children, would collectively receive $48k from this system, completely tax free.
People will ask, how much will this cost? Not as much as you think. In fact, we could do this right now without a NIT. From my cost estimate, using the current estimated US population of 342M, it would cost the USA $1,660,053,014,670. 2023 US welfare spending, excluding Medicaid, is $485B. Obviously that isn’t enough to cover this spending. But according to the US Department of The Treasury, the USA loses the equivalent of 3% of GDP in tax revenue due to tax non-compliance. https://home.treasury.gov/news/featured-stories/the-case-for-a-robust-attack-on-the-tax-gap
If we are to apply this number to the gdp in 2023, that means we have $820.8B in untapped tax revenue. Adding the welfare spending to this lost revenue, and you get a total of $1.3058T in tax revenue to spend on my proposal. With just a miniscule tax increase, in addition to the elimination of all welfare spending (excluding Medicaid), we can very easily implement such a program.
Now, onto the government’s method of getting taxes. From my calculations, under my proposal, we’d net $3,034,801,668,360 in individual income tax revenue from my NIT. And from data I could source from online, countries with an 25% VAT typically have a VAT collection to GDP ratio of 9 - 10%. So, using the maximum of 10%, we could expect to see $2,778,000,000,000 in tax revenue in 2024, assuming growth projections are correct. This brings us to a total of $5,812,801,668,360 in tax revenue. Subtract the NIT payments, and you get $4,152,748,653,690 left for the federal government to spend. And since welfare spending (excluding Medicaid) is eliminated, this frees up the federal budget for other purposes, like providing housing to low income individuals, building a world class trans-continental transit system, large scale utility service to make water and electricity incredibly cheap, and a whole host of other things that would lower the cost of living for everybody. The NIT payout would also adjust for inflation. The income limit would conversely increase and decrease as well. So if max payout is $26k with a 50% tax rate, then the income cut off would be $52k.
Government Services
The federal government should ensure there is enough public low-cost housing to accommodate a 5% YOY population growth. This would mean, with the current 342M population estimate, the federal government would need to build/maintain 17.1M public housing units. Such housing units would be rented at 30% of the maximum NIT payout for a single individual. With my proposal being $24k at max, the monthly rent for a 1 bedroom apartment would be $600. The cost of a 2 bedroom residence, would be rented at $900/mo, which is 30% of the combination of 1 head of household + 1 adult dependant. For every additional bedroom afterwards, the additional cost would be $150/mo. So a 5 bedroom residence would be $1350. Obviously, the lower the individual’s or group of individual’s incomes are, the more they’ll be prioritized. The monthly rent would rise and fall in relation to the rise and fall in max NIT payout. So if inflation was 3%, then a 1 bed would cost $618/mo, and a 5 bed would cost $1,390.50/mo. If there was any deflation, in which the net NIT payout would resultingly decrease, then the rents would decrease.
Government Budget
Now, this is admittedly an more unrealistic option, but I would set funding for agencies on a per capita basis. This would be my hypothetical budget:

Department of Education: $370,500,000,000 ($5000/pupil) Department of Health & Human Services: $1,539,000,000,000 ($4000/capita) Department of Homeland Security: $171,000,000,000 ($500/capita) Department of Defense: $555,600,000,000 (2% of GDP) Department of Transportation: $171,000,000,000 ($500/capita) Department of Housing & Urban Development: $256,500,000,000 ($750/capita) Department of Agriculture: $54,236,000,000 (2023 Budget - Nutrition programs) Department of Energy: $102,600,000,000 ($300/capita) Environmental Protection Agency: $25,650,000,000 ($75/capita) National Science Administration: $277,800,000,000 (1% of GDP) National Aeronautics & Space Administration: $138,900,000,000 (0.5% of GDP) Internal Revenue Service: $34,200,000,000 ($100/capita) 

Everything listed here would be mandatory spending. This totals up to $3,671,336,000,000 in mandatory spending, leaving $481,412,653,690 left in discretionary spending. Again, this is pretty unrealistic, except maybe the programs that are based on a percentage of GDP. But all of the provided budgets far exceed the current amount of funding that every agency listed receives, so I don’t expect the budget to be too high after all is said and done. Any budget shortfall could be resolved with a LVT. If my numbers are correct, total land value of the USA is $40,204,000,000,000. Private entities hold 60% of that land, so that is $24,122,400,000,000 in potential tax revenue. With a simple 10% LVT, you’d have an extra $2,412,240,000,000 for use.
Common Criticisms:
"Giving so much free money would discourage work" No it wouldn't. In fact, it would encourage more people to work, since they can work any job they please, and still have the NIT payout to fall back on in the event they become unemployed. And it allows for them to get their life together to begin with, by providing them direct funds to spend on shelter, nutrition, hygiene, and clothing.
"This will just allow corporations to pay their employees less." That's why I would raise minimum wage to 50% of GDP per capita, based on a 40 hour work week, 48 weeks a year. That would bring minimum wage up to $21.25/hr. And on top of that, people would be able to leave the workforce whenever they please. Being fired no longer becomes the difference between being able to eat and have shelter and being homeless and starving. This puts a lot of power into the hands of the workers, as they now have an plentiful safety net to fall back on. When enough of the workforce does this, it will lead to a restriction of labor supply, forcing corporations and companies to raise the wages of whatever workforce they have left, in order to not lose anymore valuable labor. Corporations and companies would then HAVE to cave more to the demand of the worker, because now they don't have the wage carrot to dangle in front of the workers to get them to accept terrible terms.
"Raising minimum wage that much would cause mass unemployment." It would obviously be gradual. And plus, there goes another major benefit of the NIT. It would help people without a job. And on top of that, it would greatly help freelance workers by allowing them to have a guaranteed income source, that would eliminate the stress of needing to have constant commissions in order to make ends meet. You're an artist who can go from earning $5000 one month to $500 in another? Well with a NIT, no matter what, you are ensured that you will never fear starvation or homelessness. You're a delivery driver and you're fed up with the pay? You have the choice now to just stop working that job. This ties back into workers having more power; if the delivery company can't keep enough drivers, they'll be forced to provide them a high enough pay that it makes the benefit of working for them greater than just doing something else and working less and utilizing the NIT as their backbone.
"Raising minimum wage/having such a high VAT would skyrocket prices." Just increase the production of goods. That's all companies need to do in order to bring the end user cost down. Customers will just buy other, cheaper goods if the company refuses to do anything to reduce the cost of their goods, forcing them to do so anyways. Sure, I admit prices are still most likely going to be greater as a result of the VAT and minimum wage hike, but the inflationary affects of that is nowhere near as terrible as many people think it would be. And due to the fact that many people are going to choose to switch jobs and work less, wages are gonna have to go up anyways to stop the mass exodus of the workforce.
"But a UBI is universal, therefore it is cheaper!" A $12k a year UBI for all 342 million people in the USA would cost $4.104T. My proposal is less than half that, and provides a significantly better wage floor for the most impoverished among us than a UBI could. If you wanted to try to match the benefits my proposal would provide, you would need to spend $6,847,524,000,000 in order to do so, over 4 times more expensive than my own proposal. We already have a mini-Negative Income Tax in the USA, the Earned Income Tax Credit. A full scale NIT would essentially just be an expansion of this. On top of that, since we already have the IRS, and the sheer simplicity of the NIT, the "it's means tested so therefore more expensive" argument falls flat. At the absolute most, it'd add maybe $20B - $30B to the overall cost of the NIT.

The chronology of the Neo-Babylonian period is fixed by the interpretation of relatively few historical documents. 626 B.C.E.–539 B.C.E. is the time period assigned to the Neo-Babylonian period. It is widely accepted and championed by academia. No better source makes this more evident than Wikipedia, with its hundreds of references to numerous publications on the subject. For this reason, it is necessary to consider what Wikipedia summarizes from its references in order to evaluate whether the claims made actually support the 626 B.C.E.–539 B.C.E. time period or if they're just speculation. The important articles to consider concern the kings who are said to have reigned during that period, the king lists, and the sources from which the information was obtained.
Nabopolassar
He is not mentioned in the Bible.
According to Wikipedia:
"The near-contemporary sources that do survive include two Babylonian chronicles (written from the point of view of the victorious Babylonians); the Nabopolassar Chronicle and the Fall of Nineveh Chronicle, as well as royal inscriptions and economic and administrative texts. In terms of reconstructing the succession of events in the period of Assyria's downfall, the Babylonian chronicles are the most important source, though they do not cover all of Nabopolassar's reign, only reveal select facts and are written in a terse and objective style. Around 1,500 administrative and economical texts are known from Nabopolassar's reign, most recovered from excavated temple archives in Uruk and Sippar, but they do not record much of events on a geopolitical scale. Inscriptions that record Nabopolassar's building projects or his piety, recovered at several sites throughout Babylonia, do not mention much about geopolitical events either."
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabopolassar
According to their own assessment, what is available from later sources is incomplete and comes from unknown provenance, and what is considered contemporary, apart from the economic texts, is insufficient to establish a complete chronology for Nabopolassar's reign. Only the economic texts are used to verify the number of years assigned to Nabopolassar's reign.
Nebuchadnezzar II
His name is mentioned 56 times in scripture.
According to Wikipedia (with arbitrarily assigned dates omitted):
"There are very few cuneiform sources . . . covering much of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II . . . Though the handful of cuneiform sources recovered, notably the Babylonian Chronicle, confirm some events of his reign, such as conflicts with the Kingdom of Judah, other events, such as the . . . destruction of Solomon's Temple and other military campaigns Nebuchadnezzar possibly conducted, are not covered in any known cuneiform documents. . . As a result, historical reconstructions of this period generally follow secondary sources in Hebrew, Greek and Latin . . . Though use of the sources written by later authors, many of them created several centuries after Nebuchadnezzar's time and often reflecting their own cultural attitudes to the events and figures discussed, presents problems in and of itself, blurring the line between history and tradition . . ."
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II
According to their own assessment, there are some synchronisms between scripture and the chronicles from the later period, in addition to nothing thereafter from Babylonian sources (except for economic texts), sufficient to establish a complete chronology for the reign of Nebuchadnezzer. Therefore, they rely on the economic texts to validate each year for the reign of Nebuchadnezzer.
Evil-Merodach
His name is mentioned twice in scripture.
According to Wikipedia:
"Very few cuneiform sources survive from Amel-Marduk's reign, and as such, almost nothing is known of his accomplishments."
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amel-Marduk
Additionally, on an inscription located on a pillar of a Babylonian bridge, Amel-Marduk refers to himself as King of Babylon and son of Nebuchadnezzar.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amel-Marduk
As with the previous two kings, only the economic texts are used to support the years of the reign of Amel-Marduk.
Neriglissar
Possibly the Rab-Mag mentioned in Jeremiah 39:13.
According to Wikipedia (with the dates they arbitrarily assigned):
"There are only a small number of cuneiform sources for the period between 594 BC and 557 BC, covering much of the later reign of Nebuchadnezzar as well as the reigns of Amel-Marduk, Neriglissar and Neriglissar's son and successor Labashi-Marduk. Historical reconstructions of this period as such generally follow secondary sources in Hebrew, Greek and Latin to determine what events transpired at the time, in addition to contract tablets from Babylonia. . . Berossus writes that Neriglissar ruled four years before dying and being succeeded by his son Laborosoardokhos (Labashi-Marduk)."
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neriglissar
Their conclusions for the reign of Neriglissar are based on the same circumstances, which remain unchanged throughout the whole time period: there is nothing contemporary, the provenance of what is near contemporary is unknown, secondary sources are necessary for historical reconstruction, and economic texts are used to validate the years for the reigns of the kings.
Labashi-Marduk
Not mentioned in the Bible.
According to Wikipedia:
"Labashi-Marduk thus became king of Babylon, but his reign proved to be brief. Because he reigned for such a short period of time, no inscriptions survive from his time as king. . . Although Berossus refers to Labashi-Marduk as a child, it possible that he became king as an adult since commercial texts from two years earlier indicate that Labashi-Marduk was in charge of his own affairs at that time. Labashi-Marduk may still have been relatively young, however. One of the inscriptions of Nabonidus refers to Labashi-Marduk as 'a young boy who had not yet learned proper behavior'."
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labashi-Marduk
As with the previous kings, the pattern is the same, although with significantly less information available.
Nabonidus
He is not mentioned in the Bible.
According to Wikipedia (with the acknowledged speculation omitted):
"The origins of Nabonidus are obscure, with the scarce available details about him leaving much room for interpretation and speculation. . . The Babylonian historian Berossus, active centuries later during the Hellenistic period, wrote that Nabonidus had been a 'priest of Bêl'."
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabonidus
With all of this uncertainty, it is difficult to understand how Wikipedia can be so confident about the dates assigned to the Neo-Babylonian period.
Uruk King List
"The script is late Babylonian and the tablet was obviously inscribed some time after the reign of Seleucus II."
https://www.livius.org/sources/content/uruk-king-list/
This is from another source, and it follows the same pattern of relying on information far removed from the Neo-Babylonian era.
Ptolemy's Canon
"The astronomer Ptolemy of Alexandria, who lived in the second century CE (or AD, used the system of regnal years and has handed down to us an important list of kings."
https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/ptolemys-canon/
At this point, they rely on information derived some 700 years after the Neo-Babylonian era. Furthermore, as the following excerpt from the Wikipedia article on Claudius Ptolemy demonstrates, the information is actually fraudulent.
According to Wikipedia:
"The overall quality of Claudius Ptolemy's observations has been challenged by several modern scientists, but prominently by Robert R. Newton in his 1977 book The Crime of Claudius Ptolemy, which asserted that Ptolemy fabricated many of his observations to fit his theories. Newton accused Ptolemy of systematically inventing data or doctoring the data of earlier astronomers, and labelled him "the most successful fraud in the history of science". One striking error noted by Newton was an autumn equinox said to have been observed by Ptolemy and "measured with the greatest care" at 2pm on 25 September 132, when the equinox should have been observed around 9:55am the day prior. In attempting to disprove Newton, Herbert Lewis also found himself agreeing that 'Ptolemy was an outrageous fraud," and that "all those results capable of statistical analysis point beyond question towards fraud and against accidental error'."
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy
The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, published in 1915, offers information about two different persons bearing the name Nabunaid (Nabonidus) under the article on Belshazzar, which isn't mentioned in the Wikipedia articles, possibly due to the degree of speculation. Nevertheless, it is interesting to consider.
"bel -shaz´ar ( בּלשׁאצּר , bēlsha'ccar ; Βαλτασάρ , Baltasár , Babylonian Bel -shar -uṣur ): According to Daniel 5:30 , he was the Chaldean king under whom Babylon was taken by Darius the Mede. The Babylonian monuments speak a number of times of a Bel -shar -uṣur who was the "firstborn son, the offspring of the heart of" Nabunaid, the last king of the Babylonian empire, that had been founded by Nabopolassar, the father of Nebuchadnezzar, at the time of the death of Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, in 626 bc. There is no doubt that this Belshazzar is the same as the Belshazzar of Dnl. It is not necessary to suppose that Belshazzar was at any time king of the Babylonian empire in the sense that Nebuchadnezzar and Nabunaid were. It is probable, as M. Pognon argues, that a son of Nabunaid, called Nabunaid after his father, was king of Babylon, or Babylonian king, in Harran (Haran), while his father was overlord in Babylon. This second Nabunaid is called "the son of the offspring of the heart" of Nabunaid his father. It is possible that this second Nabundid was the king who was killed by Cyrus, when he crossed the Tigris above Arbela in the 9th year of Nabunaid his father, and put to death the king of the country (see the Nabunaid-Cyrus Chronicle col. ii, 17); since according to the Eshki-Harran inscription, Nabunaid the Second died in the 9th year of Nabunaid the First. Belshazzar may have been the son of the king who is said in the same chronicle to have commanded the Babylonian army in Accad from the 6th to the 11th year of Nabunaid I; or, possibly longer, for the annals before the 6th and after the 11th year are broken and for the most part illegible. This same son of the king is most probably mentioned again in the same chronicle as having died in the night in which Babylon was captured by Gobryas of Gutium. As Nabunaid II, though reigning at Hatran under the overlordship of his father, is called king of Babylon on the same inscription on which his father is called by the same title; so Belshazzar may have been called king of Babylon, although he was only crown prince. It is probable also, that as Nabunaid I had made one of his sons king of Harran, so he had made another king of Chaldea. This would account for Belshazzar's being called in Daniel 5:30 the Chaldean king, although, to be sure, this word Chaldean may describe his race rather than his kingdom. The 3rd year of Belshazzar spoken of in Daniel 8:1 , would then refer to his 3rd year as subking of the Chaldeans under his father Nabunaid, king of Babylon, just as Cambyses was later subking of Babylon, while his father Cyrus was king of the lands. From the Book of Daniel we might infer that this subkingdom embraced Chaldea and Susiana, and possibly the province of Babylon; and from the Nabunaid-Cyrus Chronicle that it extended over Accad as well. That the city of Babylon alone was sometimes at least governed by an official called king is highly probable, since the father of Nergal -shar -uṣur is certainly, and the father of Nabunaid I is probably, called king of Babylon, in both of which cases, the city, or at most the province, of Babylon must have been meant, since we know to a certainty all of the kings who had been ruling over the empire of Babylon since 626 bc, when Nabopolassar became king, and the names of neither of these fathers of kings is found among them.
In addition to Nabunaid II, Belshazzar seems to have had another brother named Nebuchadnezzar, since the two Babylonian rebels against Darius Hystaspis both assumed the name of Nebuchadnezzar the son of Nabunaid (see the Behistun Inscription, I, 85, 89, 95). He had a sister also named Ina-esagilaremat, and a second named probably Ukabu'shai' -na
Belshazzar had his own house in Babylon, where he seems to have been engaged in the woolen or clothing trade. He owned also estates from which he made large gifts to the gods. His father joins his name with his own in some of his prayers to the gods, and apparently appointed him commander of the army of Accad, whose especial duty it was to defend the city of Babylon against the attacks of the armies of Media and Persia.
It would appear from the Nabunaid-Cyrus Chronicle, that Belshazzar was de facto king of the Babylonian empire, all that was left of it, from the 4th to the 8th month of the 17th year of the reign of his father Nabunaid, and that he died on the night in which Babylon was taken by Gobryas of Gutium (that is, probably, DARIUS THE MEDE (which see)).
The objection to the historical character of the narrative of Daniel, based upon the fact that Belshazzar in Daniel 5:11 , Daniel 5:18 is said to have been the son of Nebuchadnezzar whereas the monuments state that he was the son of Nabunaid, is fully met by supposing that one of them was his real and the other his adoptive father; or by supposing that the queen-mother and Daniel referred to the greatest of his predecessors as his father, just as Omri is called by the Assyrians the father of Jehu, and as the claimants to the Medo-Pers throne are called on the Behistun Inscription the sons of Cyaxares, and as at present the reigning sheikhs of northern Arabia are all called the sons of Rashid, although in reality they are not his sons."
In another article concerning the Neo-Babylonian period, the author speaks of a second Nabonidus and says that the name Nabonidus was actually a patronymic or a surname. As with the preceding article, it contains a degree of speculation. It is available at the following link:
https://www.christianhospitality.org/wp/prophetic-reckoner2/
Josephus claimed that Belshazzar was called "Naboandelus."
"And when he was dead, it came to Baltasar; who by the Babylonians was called Naboandelus. Against him did Cyrus, the King of Persia, and Darius, the King of Media, make war."- Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, book 10, chapter 11, paragraph 2.
There is nothing from the Neo-Babylonian period that can be referenced to establish a reliable chronology. All data in the form of lists of kings comes from later periods and reflects what was thought to be correct during those times, and the actual provenance of the data is unknown.
The numerous business documents, many of which contain a king's name and the year of his reign, can only be used to allege the existence of the king whose name appears on the document and that the document was written in the specific year mentioned, and this only if it is not ambiguous, a forgery, or discredited in some other way.
Moreover, Janos Everling published a list of business documents in 2000, of which some were said to have been written during the Neo-Babylonian period. A comparison of the data assigned to the kings of that period produces an anomaly that merits an explanation. The fact that the reign of the Nabonidus, to whose reign many documents are assigned, occurred immediately after the death of Labashi-Marduk cannot be reliably established. There remains the possibility of an interregnum, which could not be reflected in business documents if there were no King to date them to. Under such circumstances, documents could have been undated. Additionally, there is the possibility that internal strife could have curtailed normal business activity or that the impact of military rule on the country might have restricted trade or restructured how trade was conducted. It was also during this time that many people, who had been brought in as captives from all over the conquered lands, occupied the country.
The anomaly in question concerns the near 400% increase in the number of documents credited to the reign of Nabonidus over the average of all other kings in the Neo-Babylonian period. (See Chart.) Exactly how such an increase in economic activity can be explained, as the data as it is currently structured indicates, is highly problematic if the reign of Nabonidus is considered to have begun immediately after the death of Labashi-Marduk.
It is probable that the assignment of the reign of Nabonidus to the time period immediately after the death of Labashi-Marduk has produced this artifact due to a misunderstanding over when his reign actually began. This, of course, may not be the only contributing factor that has produced the anomaly.
Obviously, evidence from non-biblical sources that could be used to construct a complete chronology from the available information concerning the Neo-Babylonian period is lacking. What are called lines of evidence often end up being examples of the application of speculation instead of facts. The various attempts to harmonize astronomical observations allegedly taken from astronomical diaries with the King List or calculated by various methods are just as unreliable.
According to scripture:
". . . all the nations shall serve him (Nebuchadnezzer), and his son, and his son's son, until the time of his own land come: and then many nations and great kings shall make him their bondman." - Jeremiah:27:7
According to the explanation, as cited in the Prophetic Reckoner of the Visions of Daniel, for the fulfillment of this prophecy, the reign of Belshazzer (from the Hebrew perspective) as King of Babylon would begin with the death of Labashi-Marduk. The idea of the immediate beginning of the reign of Nabonidus as king following the death of Labashi-Marduk is not supported in scripture. One would think that if he had become king at that time, the scriptures would have mentioned it instead of referring to Belshazzar (who was not king from the Babylonian perspective). It is also impossible for such a profound increase in economic activity, as suggested by the number of business documents created during the reign of Nabonidus, with its beginning placed immediately after the death of Labashi-Marduk, to have occurred in such a short period of time. Irregardless, there is nothing from non-biblical sources that proves Nabonidus became king immediately after the death of Labashi-Marduk.
"The son of Nebuchadnezzar was Evil-Merodach, who reigned immediately after Nebuchadnezzar, his son-in-law was Neriglissar, the next king following Evil-Merodach, and his “grandson [son’s son]” by his daughter (the wife of Neriglissar) was Labashi-Marduk, and both these ruled as kings; then truly, Nebuchadnezzar’s family line ceased when the coup took place, and the succeeding dynasty was removed by foreign powers, as foretold." See the Prophetic Reckoner.
Since Belshazzar is recognized as king in the book of Daniel and the Babylonians (according to what is accepted as reliable from non-biblical sources) only recognized him as a commander of his army, there is no reason to conclude that he did not exercise exclusive military control over Babylon after the death of Labashi-Marduk. Note also that Daniel records that Belshazzar had 1000 lords under him in Babylon. (Daniel 5:1) The understanding that Belshazzar shared co-rulership as king with his father Nabonidus is based on a misunderstanding of Daniel 5:7, where Belshazzar, recognized as king by the Hebrews (in his last year as commander from the Babylonian perspective), promised to make Daniel a "third one" in the kingdom.
This idiom simply means the holder of a high office. See 2 Kings 7:2, where שָׁלִישׁ in Hebrew, meaning the third one, corresponds to the Aramaic תְּלִיתַי. The book of Daniel no doubt considers Belshazzar's reign as king to have begun after the death of Labashi-Marduk, although the Babylonians never recognized him as king.
At some point, Belshazzar's father, Nabonidus, agreed to accept the position of king (possibly as a compromise to appease the priestly class). This could have occurred near the end of Egypt's forty years of desolation, during which time the Egyptians and Amasis were held captive in Babylon, as was foretold to occur. (Ezekiel 29:19; Jeremiah 52:32) This would explain Nabonidus' long absence from Babylon, during which time he took up residence in Tema with his army to oversee the reconstruction of Egypt under Amasis as his vassal. Ezekiel 29:13–15
Therefore, from the demise of the dynasty of Nabopolassar at the death of Labashi-Marduk, the country of Babylon was under some kind of military rule, with Nabonidus at a later point agreeing to act as a token king while Belshazzar was the real power in the kingdom, although he himself never took the position of king. This means there was an interregnum between the death of Labashi-Marduk and the beginning of the reign of the Nabonidus, who was the father of Belshazzar. Moreover, according to the non-biblical records, Nabonidus claimed he had no desire or inherent right to become king.

The chronology of the Neo-Babylonian period is fixed by the interpretation of relatively few historical documents. 626 B.C.E.–539 B.C.E. is the time period assigned to the Neo-Babylonian period. It is widely accepted and championed by academia. No better source makes this more evident than Wikipedia, with its hundreds of references to numerous publications on the subject. For this reason, it is necessary to consider what Wikipedia summarizes from its references in order to evaluate whether the claims made actually support the 626 B.C.E.–539 B.C.E. time period or if they're just speculation. The important articles to consider concern the kings who are said to have reigned during that period, the king lists, and the sources from which the information was obtained.
Nabopolassar
He is not mentioned in the Bible.
According to Wikipedia:
"The near-contemporary sources that do survive include two Babylonian chronicles (written from the point of view of the victorious Babylonians); the Nabopolassar Chronicle and the Fall of Nineveh Chronicle, as well as royal inscriptions and economic and administrative texts. In terms of reconstructing the succession of events in the period of Assyria's downfall, the Babylonian chronicles are the most important source, though they do not cover all of Nabopolassar's reign, only reveal select facts and are written in a terse and objective style. Around 1,500 administrative and economical texts are known from Nabopolassar's reign, most recovered from excavated temple archives in Uruk and Sippar, but they do not record much of events on a geopolitical scale. Inscriptions that record Nabopolassar's building projects or his piety, recovered at several sites throughout Babylonia, do not mention much about geopolitical events either."
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabopolassar
According to their own assessment, what is available from later sources is incomplete and comes from unknown provenance, and what is considered contemporary, apart from the economic texts, is insufficient to establish a complete chronology for Nabopolassar's reign. Only the economic texts are used to verify the number of years assigned to Nabopolassar's reign.
Nebuchadnezzar II
His name is mentioned 56 times in scripture.
According to Wikipedia (with arbitrarily assigned dates omitted):
"There are very few cuneiform sources . . . covering much of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II . . . Though the handful of cuneiform sources recovered, notably the Babylonian Chronicle, confirm some events of his reign, such as conflicts with the Kingdom of Judah, other events, such as the . . . destruction of Solomon's Temple and other military campaigns Nebuchadnezzar possibly conducted, are not covered in any known cuneiform documents. . . As a result, historical reconstructions of this period generally follow secondary sources in Hebrew, Greek and Latin . . . Though use of the sources written by later authors, many of them created several centuries after Nebuchadnezzar's time and often reflecting their own cultural attitudes to the events and figures discussed, presents problems in and of itself, blurring the line between history and tradition . . ."
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II
According to their own assessment, there are some synchronisms between scripture and the chronicles from the later period, in addition to nothing thereafter from Babylonian sources (except for economic texts), sufficient to establish a complete chronology for the reign of Nebuchadnezzer. Therefore, they rely on the economic texts to validate each year for the reign of Nebuchadnezzer.
Evil-Merodach
His name is mentioned twice in scripture.
According to Wikipedia:
"Very few cuneiform sources survive from Amel-Marduk's reign, and as such, almost nothing is known of his accomplishments."
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amel-Marduk
Additionally, on an inscription located on a pillar of a Babylonian bridge, Amel-Marduk refers to himself as King of Babylon and son of Nebuchadnezzar.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amel-Marduk
As with the previous two kings, only the economic texts are used to support the years of the reign of Amel-Marduk.
Neriglissar
Possibly the Rab-Mag mentioned in Jeremiah 39:13.
According to Wikipedia (with the dates they arbitrarily assigned):
"There are only a small number of cuneiform sources for the period between 594 BC and 557 BC, covering much of the later reign of Nebuchadnezzar as well as the reigns of Amel-Marduk, Neriglissar and Neriglissar's son and successor Labashi-Marduk. Historical reconstructions of this period as such generally follow secondary sources in Hebrew, Greek and Latin to determine what events transpired at the time, in addition to contract tablets from Babylonia. . . Berossus writes that Neriglissar ruled four years before dying and being succeeded by his son Laborosoardokhos (Labashi-Marduk)."
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neriglissar
Their conclusions for the reign of Neriglissar are based on the same circumstances, which remain unchanged throughout the whole time period: there is nothing contemporary, the provenance of what is near contemporary is unknown, secondary sources are necessary for historical reconstruction, and economic texts are used to validate the years for the reigns of the kings.
Labashi-Marduk
Not mentioned in the Bible.
According to Wikipedia:
"Labashi-Marduk thus became king of Babylon, but his reign proved to be brief. Because he reigned for such a short period of time, no inscriptions survive from his time as king. . . Although Berossus refers to Labashi-Marduk as a child, it possible that he became king as an adult since commercial texts from two years earlier indicate that Labashi-Marduk was in charge of his own affairs at that time. Labashi-Marduk may still have been relatively young, however. One of the inscriptions of Nabonidus refers to Labashi-Marduk as 'a young boy who had not yet learned proper behavior'."
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labashi-Marduk
As with the previous kings, the pattern is the same, although with significantly less information available.
Nabonidus
He is not mentioned in the Bible.
According to Wikipedia (with the acknowledged speculation omitted):
"The origins of Nabonidus are obscure, with the scarce available details about him leaving much room for interpretation and speculation. . . The Babylonian historian Berossus, active centuries later during the Hellenistic period, wrote that Nabonidus had been a 'priest of Bêl'."
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabonidus
With all of this uncertainty, it is difficult to understand how Wikipedia can be so confident about the dates assigned to the Neo-Babylonian period.
Uruk King List
"The script is late Babylonian and the tablet was obviously inscribed some time after the reign of Seleucus II."
https://www.livius.org/sources/content/uruk-king-list/
This is from another source, and it follows the same pattern of relying on information far removed from the Neo-Babylonian era.
Ptolemy's Canon
"The astronomer Ptolemy of Alexandria, who lived in the second century CE (or AD, used the system of regnal years and has handed down to us an important list of kings."
https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/ptolemys-canon/
At this point, they rely on information derived some 700 years after the Neo-Babylonian era. Furthermore, as the following excerpt from the Wikipedia article on Claudius Ptolemy demonstrates, the information is actually fraudulent.
According to Wikipedia:
"The overall quality of Claudius Ptolemy's observations has been challenged by several modern scientists, but prominently by Robert R. Newton in his 1977 book The Crime of Claudius Ptolemy, which asserted that Ptolemy fabricated many of his observations to fit his theories. Newton accused Ptolemy of systematically inventing data or doctoring the data of earlier astronomers, and labelled him "the most successful fraud in the history of science". One striking error noted by Newton was an autumn equinox said to have been observed by Ptolemy and "measured with the greatest care" at 2pm on 25 September 132, when the equinox should have been observed around 9:55am the day prior. In attempting to disprove Newton, Herbert Lewis also found himself agreeing that 'Ptolemy was an outrageous fraud," and that "all those results capable of statistical analysis point beyond question towards fraud and against accidental error'."
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy
The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, published in 1915, offers information about two different persons bearing the name Nabunaid (Nabonidus) under the article on Belshazzar, which isn't mentioned in the Wikipedia articles, possibly due to the degree of speculation. Nevertheless, it is interesting to consider.
"bel -shaz´ar ( בּלשׁאצּר , bēlsha'ccar ; Βαλτασάρ , Baltasár , Babylonian Bel -shar -uṣur ): According to Daniel 5:30 , he was the Chaldean king under whom Babylon was taken by Darius the Mede. The Babylonian monuments speak a number of times of a Bel -shar -uṣur who was the "firstborn son, the offspring of the heart of" Nabunaid, the last king of the Babylonian empire, that had been founded by Nabopolassar, the father of Nebuchadnezzar, at the time of the death of Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, in 626 bc. There is no doubt that this Belshazzar is the same as the Belshazzar of Dnl. It is not necessary to suppose that Belshazzar was at any time king of the Babylonian empire in the sense that Nebuchadnezzar and Nabunaid were. It is probable, as M. Pognon argues, that a son of Nabunaid, called Nabunaid after his father, was king of Babylon, or Babylonian king, in Harran (Haran), while his father was overlord in Babylon. This second Nabunaid is called "the son of the offspring of the heart" of Nabunaid his father. It is possible that this second Nabundid was the king who was killed by Cyrus, when he crossed the Tigris above Arbela in the 9th year of Nabunaid his father, and put to death the king of the country (see the Nabunaid-Cyrus Chronicle col. ii, 17); since according to the Eshki-Harran inscription, Nabunaid the Second died in the 9th year of Nabunaid the First. Belshazzar may have been the son of the king who is said in the same chronicle to have commanded the Babylonian army in Accad from the 6th to the 11th year of Nabunaid I; or, possibly longer, for the annals before the 6th and after the 11th year are broken and for the most part illegible. This same son of the king is most probably mentioned again in the same chronicle as having died in the night in which Babylon was captured by Gobryas of Gutium. As Nabunaid II, though reigning at Hatran under the overlordship of his father, is called king of Babylon on the same inscription on which his father is called by the same title; so Belshazzar may have been called king of Babylon, although he was only crown prince. It is probable also, that as Nabunaid I had made one of his sons king of Harran, so he had made another king of Chaldea. This would account for Belshazzar's being called in Daniel 5:30 the Chaldean king, although, to be sure, this word Chaldean may describe his race rather than his kingdom. The 3rd year of Belshazzar spoken of in Daniel 8:1 , would then refer to his 3rd year as subking of the Chaldeans under his father Nabunaid, king of Babylon, just as Cambyses was later subking of Babylon, while his father Cyrus was king of the lands. From the Book of Daniel we might infer that this subkingdom embraced Chaldea and Susiana, and possibly the province of Babylon; and from the Nabunaid-Cyrus Chronicle that it extended over Accad as well. That the city of Babylon alone was sometimes at least governed by an official called king is highly probable, since the father of Nergal -shar -uṣur is certainly, and the father of Nabunaid I is probably, called king of Babylon, in both of which cases, the city, or at most the province, of Babylon must have been meant, since we know to a certainty all of the kings who had been ruling over the empire of Babylon since 626 bc, when Nabopolassar became king, and the names of neither of these fathers of kings is found among them.
In addition to Nabunaid II, Belshazzar seems to have had another brother named Nebuchadnezzar, since the two Babylonian rebels against Darius Hystaspis both assumed the name of Nebuchadnezzar the son of Nabunaid (see the Behistun Inscription, I, 85, 89, 95). He had a sister also named Ina-esagilaremat, and a second named probably Ukabu'shai' -na
Belshazzar had his own house in Babylon, where he seems to have been engaged in the woolen or clothing trade. He owned also estates from which he made large gifts to the gods. His father joins his name with his own in some of his prayers to the gods, and apparently appointed him commander of the army of Accad, whose especial duty it was to defend the city of Babylon against the attacks of the armies of Media and Persia.
It would appear from the Nabunaid-Cyrus Chronicle, that Belshazzar was de facto king of the Babylonian empire, all that was left of it, from the 4th to the 8th month of the 17th year of the reign of his father Nabunaid, and that he died on the night in which Babylon was taken by Gobryas of Gutium (that is, probably, DARIUS THE MEDE (which see)).
The objection to the historical character of the narrative of Daniel, based upon the fact that Belshazzar in Daniel 5:11 , Daniel 5:18 is said to have been the son of Nebuchadnezzar whereas the monuments state that he was the son of Nabunaid, is fully met by supposing that one of them was his real and the other his adoptive father; or by supposing that the queen-mother and Daniel referred to the greatest of his predecessors as his father, just as Omri is called by the Assyrians the father of Jehu, and as the claimants to the Medo-Pers throne are called on the Behistun Inscription the sons of Cyaxares, and as at present the reigning sheikhs of northern Arabia are all called the sons of Rashid, although in reality they are not his sons."
In another article concerning the Neo-Babylonian period, the author speaks of a second Nabonidus and says that the name Nabonidus was actually a patronymic or a surname. As with the preceding article, it contains a degree of speculation. It is available at the following link:
https://www.christianhospitality.org/wp/prophetic-reckoner2/
Josephus claimed that Belshazzar was called "Naboandelus."
"And when he was dead, it came to Baltasar; who by the Babylonians was called Naboandelus. Against him did Cyrus, the King of Persia, and Darius, the King of Media, make war."- Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, book 10, chapter 11, paragraph 2.
There is nothing from the Neo-Babylonian period that can be referenced to establish a reliable chronology. All data in the form of lists of kings comes from later periods and reflects what was thought to be correct during those times, and the actual provenance of the data is unknown.
The numerous business documents, many of which contain a king's name and the year of his reign, can only be used to allege the existence of the king whose name appears on the document and that the document was written in the specific year mentioned, and this only if it is not ambiguous, a forgery, or discredited in some other way.
Moreover, Janos Everling published a list of business documents in 2000, of which some were said to have been written during the Neo-Babylonian period. A comparison of the data assigned to the kings of that period produces an anomaly that merits an explanation. The fact that the reign of the Nabonidus, to whose reign many documents are assigned, occurred immediately after the death of Labashi-Marduk cannot be reliably established. There remains the possibility of an interregnum, which could not be reflected in business documents if there were no King to date them to. Under such circumstances, documents could have been undated. Additionally, there is the possibility that internal strife could have curtailed normal business activity or that the impact of military rule on the country might have restricted trade or restructured how trade was conducted. It was also during this time that many people, who had been brought in as captives from all over the conquered lands, occupied the country.
The anomaly in question concerns the near 400% increase in the number of documents credited to the reign of Nabonidus over the average of all other kings in the Neo-Babylonian period. (See Chart.) Exactly how such an increase in economic activity can be explained, as the data as it is currently structured indicates, is highly problematic if the reign of Nabonidus is considered to have begun immediately after the death of Labashi-Marduk.
It is probable that the assignment of the reign of Nabonidus to the time period immediately after the death of Labashi-Marduk has produced this artifact due to a misunderstanding over when his reign actually began. This, of course, may not be the only contributing factor that has produced the anomaly.
Obviously, evidence from non-biblical sources that could be used to construct a complete chronology from the available information concerning the Neo-Babylonian period is lacking. What are called lines of evidence often end up being examples of the application of speculation instead of facts. The various attempts to harmonize astronomical observations allegedly taken from astronomical diaries with the King List or calculated by various methods are just as unreliable.
According to scripture:
". . . all the nations shall serve him (Nebuchadnezzer), and his son, and his son's son, until the time of his own land come: and then many nations and great kings shall make him their bondman." - Jeremiah:27:7
According to the explanation, as cited in the Prophetic Reckoner of the Visions of Daniel, for the fulfillment of this prophecy, the reign of Belshazzer (from the Hebrew perspective) as King of Babylon would begin with the death of Labashi-Marduk. The idea of the immediate beginning of the reign of Nabonidus as king following the death of Labashi-Marduk is not supported in scripture. One would think that if he had become king at that time, the scriptures would have mentioned it instead of referring to Belshazzar (who was not king from the Babylonian perspective). It is also impossible for such a profound increase in economic activity, as suggested by the number of business documents created during the reign of Nabonidus, with its beginning placed immediately after the death of Labashi-Marduk, to have occurred in such a short period of time. Irregardless, there is nothing from non-biblical sources that proves Nabonidus became king immediately after the death of Labashi-Marduk.
"The son of Nebuchadnezzar was Evil-Merodach, who reigned immediately after Nebuchadnezzar, his son-in-law was Neriglissar, the next king following Evil-Merodach, and his “grandson [son’s son]” by his daughter (the wife of Neriglissar) was Labashi-Marduk, and both these ruled as kings; then truly, Nebuchadnezzar’s family line ceased when the coup took place, and the succeeding dynasty was removed by foreign powers, as foretold." See the Prophetic Reckoner.
Since Belshazzar is recognized as king in the book of Daniel and the Babylonians (according to what is accepted as reliable from non-biblical sources) only recognized him as a commander of his army, there is no reason to conclude that he did not exercise exclusive military control over Babylon after the death of Labashi-Marduk. Note also that Daniel records that Belshazzar had 1000 lords under him in Babylon. (Daniel 5:1) The understanding that Belshazzar shared co-rulership as king with his father Nabonidus is based on a misunderstanding of Daniel 5:7, where Belshazzar, recognized as king by the Hebrews (in his last year as commander from the Babylonian perspective), promised to make Daniel a "third one" in the kingdom.
This idiom simply means the holder of a high office. See 2 Kings 7:2, where שָׁלִישׁ in Hebrew, meaning the third one, corresponds to the Aramaic תְּלִיתַי. The book of Daniel no doubt considers Belshazzar's reign as king to have begun after the death of Labashi-Marduk, although the Babylonians never recognized him as king.
At some point, Belshazzar's father, Nabonidus, agreed to accept the position of king (possibly as a compromise to appease the priestly class). This could have occurred near the end of Egypt's forty years of desolation, during which time the Egyptians and Amasis were held captive in Babylon, as was foretold to occur. (Ezekiel 29:19; Jeremiah 52:32) This would explain Nabonidus' long absence from Babylon, during which time he took up residence in Tema with his army to oversee the reconstruction of Egypt under Amasis as his vassal. Ezekiel 29:13–15
Therefore, from the demise of the dynasty of Nabopolassar at the death of Labashi-Marduk, the country of Babylon was under some kind of military rule, with Nabonidus at a later point agreeing to act as a token king while Belshazzar was the real power in the kingdom, although he himself never took the position of king. This means there was an interregnum between the death of Labashi-Marduk and the beginning of the reign of the Nabonidus, who was the father of Belshazzar. Moreover, according to the non-biblical records, Nabonidus claimed he had no desire or inherent right to become king.