1989 sears gamefisher
José Raúl Mulino is the New President of Panama
2024.05.06 10:22 Jhonjournalist José Raúl Mulino is the New President of Panama
 | submitted by Jhonjournalist to u/Jhonjournalist [link] [comments]
The 64-year-old attorney, whose last situation in legislative issues was as pastor of safety in then President Ricardo Martinelli’s 2009–2014 organization, was at first tapped by the famous previous pioneer to be his pursuing mate Martinelli’s significant other declined. The New President of Panama City is MulinoHowever, at that point, Martinelli was excluded from pursuing he was condemned to over 10 years in jail for a tax evasion conviction. Mulino had his spot and wound up winning Sunday’s official political race with 35% of the vote and a noteworthy lead over his closest rival in the wake of evading protected difficulties to his bid.The duly elected president arrived at areas of strength for Martinelli, seemingly the main device in Mulino’s mission as he rode the searing ex-pioneer’s fame to triumph. While he comes up short on his moxy, the period of prosperity seen under his partner pushed numerous citizens to help Mulino during a period when Panama’s economy had slacked. The previous president, who has been shielding in the Nicaraguan Consulate since February in the wake of getting political refuge, said his trust for Mulino goes back 30 years. An oceanic regulation lawyer who moved on from Tulane College in New Orleans, Mulino became known as a personal business pioneer who participated in a common development against the fascism of Gen. Manuel Antonio Noriega, who was removed by an American intrusion on Dec. 20, 1989. He went about as a bad habit priest of international concerns in the 1989–1994 organization of President Guillermo Endara, who got down to business after the fall of Noriega and the finish of the Panamanian military system. Mulino later stayed accountable for the country’s worldwide arrangement in the last piece of that organization. Mulino stayed dynamic in governmental issues and over 10 years after the fact moved Martinelli in the political decision that the grocery store head honcho won in 2009. Mulino was selected pastor of the inside and equity, later assuming control over the public security office. Learn More: https://worldmagzine.com/politics/jose-raul-mulino-is-the-new-president-of-panama/ |
2024.05.03 00:58 GThunderhead Newly Added to The Criterion Channel: May 2024 - 1999: The Best Movie Year Ever?
 | Criterion has released the full May 2024 lineup for The Criterion Channel. submitted by GThunderhead to criterionconversation [link] [comments] Was 1999 the best movie year ever? This book thinks so, and now there's a collection on the Channel dedicated to this landmark year. 1999 on The Criterion Channel
My personal recommendations:
Previously mentioned on this sub: Caught my eye:
What would you recommend? What are you planning to watch?As always, here's the full list of May additions to the Channel - courtesy of thefilmstage.com.The Criterion Channel May 2024 Full Lineup:
|
2024.05.02 13:03 pmpatriot Republicans Not For Trump
Republicans Not for Trump
Numerous prominent republicans have expressed reluctance or outright opposition to supporting Donald Trump in his bid for the presidency in 2024. These individuals and organizations have an interest in seeing that republicans are successful, but for varying reasons, all have turned their backs on Trump and admit that even if it takes democrat Joe Biden to serve four more years, that's preferable to having that disaster of a candidate Donald Trump given the reins of power.
Here is a partial list of some notable figures:
George Bush – Former republican President of the US
Dick Cheney – former republican Vice President of the US
Mike Pence – Vice President under President Donald Trump
Carl Rove - Republican political consultant, policy advisor, and lobbyist, Senior Advisor and Deputy Chief of Staff during the George W. Bush administration
Dan Coats, Director of National Intelligence (2017-2019)
Mark Esper, United States Secretary of Defense (2019–2020), United States Secretary of the Army (2017–2019)
Nikki Haley, Ambassador to the United Nations (2017–2018), Governor of South Carolina (2011–2017) (former candidate for president)
John F. Kelly, White House Chief of Staff (2017–2019), United States Secretary of Homeland Security (2017)
Mick Mulvaney, acting White House Chief of Staff (2019-2020), Director of the Office of Management and Budget (2017-2020), acting Director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (2017-2018), U.S. Representative from SC-05 (2011-2017)
John Bolton, U.S. National Security Advisor (2018–2019), Ambassador to the United Nations (2005–2006)
Ty Cobb, White House Special Council (2017-2018), Assistant U.S. Attorney for the District of Maryland in (1981–1986)
Condoleezza Rice, American diplomat and political scientist, United States Secretary of State (2005–2009), current director of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University.
Ashley Davis, White House Deputy Director of Management and Administration (2001–2003)
Ronald Gidwitz, Acting U.S. Ambassador to the European Union (2020–2021), U.S. Ambassador to Belgium (2018–2021), chair of the Illinois State Board of Education (1999–2003)
Alyssa Farah Griffin, White House Director of Strategic Communications (2020), Press Secretary of the U.S. Department of Defense (2019–2020), Press Secretary to the Vice President (2017–2019)
Stephanie Grisham, White House Communications Director and White House Press Secretary (2019–2020)
Cassidy Hutchinson, executive assistant to the White House Chief of Staff (2020–2021)
Bobbie Kilberg, Director of the Office of Public Liaison (1989–1992)
Mary Kramer, U.S. Ambassador to Barbados (2004–2006)
Frank Lavin, U.S. Ambassador to Singapore (2001–2005), White House Director of Political Affairs (1987–1989)
Sarah Matthews, Deputy White House Press Secretary (2020–2021)
H.R. McMaster, U.S. National Security Advisor (2017-2018)
Harriet Miers, White House Counsel (2005–2007), White House Deputy Chief of Staff (2003–2005), and White House Staff Secretary (2001–2003)
Omarosa, Communications Director of the Office of Public Liaison (2017–2018)
Karen Pence, Second Lady of the United States (2017–2021), First Lady of Indiana (2013–2017)
Jeanne Phillips, United States Ambassador to the OECD (2001–2002)
Anthony Scaramucci, White House Communications Director (2017)
Marc Short, Chief of Staff to the Vice President (2019–2021)
Miles Taylor, Chief of Staff of the United States Department of Homeland Security (2019)
Jay Town, United States Attorney for the Northern District of Alabama (2017–2020)
Olivia Troye, Homeland Security adviser and lead COVID-19 adviser to the Vice President (2018–2020)
~Current and Former U.S. Senators~
Bill Cassidy, U.S. Senator from Louisiana (2015–present), U.S. Representative from LA-06 (2009–2015)
Susan Collins, U.S. Senator from Maine (1997–present)
Lisa Murkowski, U.S. Senator from Alaska (2002–present)
Mitt Romney, U.S. Senator from Utah (2019–present), 2012 nominee for president, Chair of the Republican Governors Association (2005–2006), Governor of Massachusetts (2003–2007)
Mike Rounds, U.S. Senator from South Dakota (2015–present), Governor of South Dakota (2003–2011), member of the South Dakota Senate (1991–2001)
Todd Young, U.S. Senator from Indiana (2017–present), U.S. Representative from IN-09 (2011–2017)
Jeffrey Chiesa, U.S. Senator from New Jersey (2013), Attorney General of New Jersey (2012–2013)
Bob Corker, U.S. Senator from Tennessee (2007–2019)
Jeff Flake, Ambassador to Turkey (2022–present), U.S. Senator from Arizona (2013–2019), U.S. Representative from AZ (2001–2013)
Cory Gardner, U.S. Senator from Colorado (2015–2021), and U.S. Representative from CO-04 (2011–2015)
George LeMieux, U.S. Senator from Florida (2009–2011)
Rob Portman, U.S. Senator from Ohio (2011–2023), Director of the Office of Management and Budget (2006–2007), United States Trade Representative (2005–2006), U.S. Representative from OH-02 (1993–2005), White House Director of Legislative Affairs (1989–1991)
Pat Toomey, U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania (2011–2023), U.S. Representative from PA-15 (1999–2005)
~Current and Former U.S. Representatives~
Larry Bucshon, U.S. Representative from IN-08 (2011–present)
Mike Gallagher, U.S. Representative from WI-08 (2017–present)
David Joyce, U.S. Representative from OH-14 (2013–present)
Mike Lawler, U.S. Representative from NY-17 (2023–present)
Thomas Massie, U.S. Representative from KY-04 (2012–present)
Greg Pence, U.S. Representative from IN-06 (2019–present)
Chip Roy, U.S. Representative from TX-21 (2019–present)
David Valadao, U.S. Representative from CA-22 (2023–present), U.S. Representative from CA-21 (2013–2019, 2021–present)
Gresham Barrett, U.S. Representative from SC-03 (2003–2011)
John Boehner, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (2011–2015), U.S. Representative from OH-08 (1991–2015)
Mo Brooks, U.S. Representative from AL-05 (2011–2023), Member of the Madison County Commission (1996–2011)
Susan Brooks, U.S. Representative from IN-05 (2013–2021)
Liz Cheney, U.S. Representative from WY-AL (2017–2023), Chair of the House Republican Conference (2019–2021)
Barbara Comstock, U.S. Representative from VA-10 (2015–2019)
Anthony Gonzalez, U.S. Representative from OH-16 (2019–2023)
Will Hurd, U.S. Representative from TX-23 (2015–2021) (former candidate for president)
John Katko, U.S. Representative from NY-24 (2015–2023)
Adam Kinzinger, U.S. Representative from IL-16 (2013–2023), U.S. Representative from IL-11 (2011–2013)
Mia Love, U.S. Representative from UT-04 (2015–2019)
Peter Meijer, U.S. Representative from MI-03 (2021–2023)
Connie Morella, U.S. Representative from MD-08 (1987–2003)
Tom Rice, U.S. Representative from SC-07 (2013–2023)
Paul Ryan, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (2015–2019), U.S. Representative from WI-01 (1999–2019), 2012 nominee for Vice President
Joe Scarborough, U.S. Representative from FL-01 (1995–2001), host of Morning Joe (independent since 2017)
Fred Upton, U.S. Representative from MI-06 (1993–2023), U.S. Representative from MI-04 (1987–1993)
Joe Walsh, U.S. Representative from Il-08 (2011–2013), candidate for president in 2020
~State and Local Officials~
~Current and Former Governors~
Spencer Cox, Governor of Utah (2021–present), Lieutenant Governor of Utah (2013–2021)
Eric Holcomb, Governor of Indiana (2017–present), Lieutenant Governor of Indiana (2016–2017)
Phil Scott, Governor of Vermont (2017–present), Lieutenant Governor of Vermont (2011–2017)
Charlie Baker, Governor of Massachusetts (2015–2023) and President of NCAA (2023–present)
Jeb Bush, Governor of Florida (1999–2007), candidate for president in 2016
Chris Christie, Governor of New Jersey (2010–2018), U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey (2002–2008), candidate for presidency in 2016
Bill Haslam, Governor of Tennessee (2011–2019), chair of the Republican Governors Association (2017–2018)
Larry Hogan, Governor of Maryland (2015–2023), Chair of the National Governors Association (2019–2020)
Asa Hutchinson, Governor of Arkansas (2015–2023), Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration (2001–2003), U.S. Representative from AR-03 (1997–2001)
John Kasich, Governor of Ohio (2011–2019), 2000 and 2016 candidate for president, Chair of the House Budget Committee (1995–2001), U.S. Representative from OH-12 (1983–2001)
George Pataki, Governor of New York (1995–2006), candidate for president in 2016
Marc Racicot, Governor of Montana (1993–2001), chair of the RNC (2001–2003)
Bruce Rauner, Governor of Illinois (2015–2019
Mark Sanford, Governor of South Carolina (2003–2011), U.S. Representative from SC-01 (1995–2001 and 2013–2019), Republican candidate for U.S. President in 2020.
Arnold Schwarzenegger, Governor of California (2003–2011)
Bill Weld, Governor of Massachusetts (1991–1997)
Christine Todd Whitman, Governor of New Jersey (1994–2001), Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (2001-2003)
~Current and Former Statewide Elected Officials~
John Dougall, Auditor of Utah (2013–present), Utah State Representative from District 27 (2003–2013)
Jeanette Nunez, Lieutenant Governor of Florida (2019–present)
Winsome Sears, Lieutenant Governor of Virginia (2022–present)
Roby Smith, Treasurer of Iowa (2023–present)
Geoff Duncan, Lieutenant Governor of Georgia (2019–2023), Member of the Georgia House of Representatives (2013–2017)
Adam Laxalt, Attorney General of Nevada (2015–2019), 2022 nominee for U.S. Senator from Nevada and 2018 nominee for Governor of Nevada
Corey Stapleton, 2024 candidate for president, Secretary of State of Montana (2017–2021)
Michael Steele, Lieutenant Governor of Maryland (2003–2007), Chair of the RNC (2009–2011), co-host of MSNBC's The Weekend
Cate Zeuske, Secretary of the Wisconsin Department of Revenue (1996–2001), Treasurer of Wisconsin (1991–1995), Deputy Secretary of the Wisconsin Department of Administration (2015–2018), Wisconsin State Assemblywoman from District 4 (1985–1991) and District 54 (1983–1985)
~Other Public Figures~
Kathy Barnette, candidate for Senator from Pennsylvania in 2022, and Republican nominee for U.S. Representative from PA-04 in 2020
Michael Cohen, Donald Trump’s lawyer of several decades
Ann Coulter, political commentator and public republican pundit
S. E. Cupp, political commentator
Jenna Ellis, lawyer and alleged racketeering co-conspirator
Carly Fiorina, CEO of Hewlett-Packard (1999–2005) and candidate for president in 2016
David Frum, political commentator and speech writer
Robert Kagan, former republican, former U.S. State Department official, Senior Fellow at The Brookings Institution, contributor to The Washington Post
Tomi Lahren, political commentator
Meghan McCain, political commentator, daughter of 2008 nominee for President John McCain
Rupert Murdoch, businessman and owner of Fox News
Michael Reagan, political commentator and son of Ronald Reagan
~Generally Right Leaning Organizations Opposed to a Second Trump Presidency~
43 Alumni for America, Americans for Prosperity, The Bulwark, National Review, New York Post, Republican Accountability Project , Republicans for the Rule of Law, The Lincoln Project - a centrist American political action committee founded in December 2019 by moderate conservatives and former Republican Party members who oppose U.S. President Donald Trump and Trumpism.
submitted by pmpatriot to AntiTrumpAlliance [link] [comments]
Numerous prominent republicans have expressed reluctance or outright opposition to supporting Donald Trump in his bid for the presidency in 2024. These individuals and organizations have an interest in seeing that republicans are successful, but for varying reasons, all have turned their backs on Trump and admit that even if it takes democrat Joe Biden to serve four more years, that's preferable to having that disaster of a candidate Donald Trump given the reins of power.
Here is a partial list of some notable figures:
George Bush – Former republican President of the US
Dick Cheney – former republican Vice President of the US
Mike Pence – Vice President under President Donald Trump
Carl Rove - Republican political consultant, policy advisor, and lobbyist, Senior Advisor and Deputy Chief of Staff during the George W. Bush administration
Dan Coats, Director of National Intelligence (2017-2019)
Mark Esper, United States Secretary of Defense (2019–2020), United States Secretary of the Army (2017–2019)
Nikki Haley, Ambassador to the United Nations (2017–2018), Governor of South Carolina (2011–2017) (former candidate for president)
John F. Kelly, White House Chief of Staff (2017–2019), United States Secretary of Homeland Security (2017)
Mick Mulvaney, acting White House Chief of Staff (2019-2020), Director of the Office of Management and Budget (2017-2020), acting Director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (2017-2018), U.S. Representative from SC-05 (2011-2017)
John Bolton, U.S. National Security Advisor (2018–2019), Ambassador to the United Nations (2005–2006)
Ty Cobb, White House Special Council (2017-2018), Assistant U.S. Attorney for the District of Maryland in (1981–1986)
Condoleezza Rice, American diplomat and political scientist, United States Secretary of State (2005–2009), current director of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University.
Ashley Davis, White House Deputy Director of Management and Administration (2001–2003)
Ronald Gidwitz, Acting U.S. Ambassador to the European Union (2020–2021), U.S. Ambassador to Belgium (2018–2021), chair of the Illinois State Board of Education (1999–2003)
Alyssa Farah Griffin, White House Director of Strategic Communications (2020), Press Secretary of the U.S. Department of Defense (2019–2020), Press Secretary to the Vice President (2017–2019)
Stephanie Grisham, White House Communications Director and White House Press Secretary (2019–2020)
Cassidy Hutchinson, executive assistant to the White House Chief of Staff (2020–2021)
Bobbie Kilberg, Director of the Office of Public Liaison (1989–1992)
Mary Kramer, U.S. Ambassador to Barbados (2004–2006)
Frank Lavin, U.S. Ambassador to Singapore (2001–2005), White House Director of Political Affairs (1987–1989)
Sarah Matthews, Deputy White House Press Secretary (2020–2021)
H.R. McMaster, U.S. National Security Advisor (2017-2018)
Harriet Miers, White House Counsel (2005–2007), White House Deputy Chief of Staff (2003–2005), and White House Staff Secretary (2001–2003)
Omarosa, Communications Director of the Office of Public Liaison (2017–2018)
Karen Pence, Second Lady of the United States (2017–2021), First Lady of Indiana (2013–2017)
Jeanne Phillips, United States Ambassador to the OECD (2001–2002)
Anthony Scaramucci, White House Communications Director (2017)
Marc Short, Chief of Staff to the Vice President (2019–2021)
Miles Taylor, Chief of Staff of the United States Department of Homeland Security (2019)
Jay Town, United States Attorney for the Northern District of Alabama (2017–2020)
Olivia Troye, Homeland Security adviser and lead COVID-19 adviser to the Vice President (2018–2020)
~Current and Former U.S. Senators~
Bill Cassidy, U.S. Senator from Louisiana (2015–present), U.S. Representative from LA-06 (2009–2015)
Susan Collins, U.S. Senator from Maine (1997–present)
Lisa Murkowski, U.S. Senator from Alaska (2002–present)
Mitt Romney, U.S. Senator from Utah (2019–present), 2012 nominee for president, Chair of the Republican Governors Association (2005–2006), Governor of Massachusetts (2003–2007)
Mike Rounds, U.S. Senator from South Dakota (2015–present), Governor of South Dakota (2003–2011), member of the South Dakota Senate (1991–2001)
Todd Young, U.S. Senator from Indiana (2017–present), U.S. Representative from IN-09 (2011–2017)
Jeffrey Chiesa, U.S. Senator from New Jersey (2013), Attorney General of New Jersey (2012–2013)
Bob Corker, U.S. Senator from Tennessee (2007–2019)
Jeff Flake, Ambassador to Turkey (2022–present), U.S. Senator from Arizona (2013–2019), U.S. Representative from AZ (2001–2013)
Cory Gardner, U.S. Senator from Colorado (2015–2021), and U.S. Representative from CO-04 (2011–2015)
George LeMieux, U.S. Senator from Florida (2009–2011)
Rob Portman, U.S. Senator from Ohio (2011–2023), Director of the Office of Management and Budget (2006–2007), United States Trade Representative (2005–2006), U.S. Representative from OH-02 (1993–2005), White House Director of Legislative Affairs (1989–1991)
Pat Toomey, U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania (2011–2023), U.S. Representative from PA-15 (1999–2005)
~Current and Former U.S. Representatives~
Larry Bucshon, U.S. Representative from IN-08 (2011–present)
Mike Gallagher, U.S. Representative from WI-08 (2017–present)
David Joyce, U.S. Representative from OH-14 (2013–present)
Mike Lawler, U.S. Representative from NY-17 (2023–present)
Thomas Massie, U.S. Representative from KY-04 (2012–present)
Greg Pence, U.S. Representative from IN-06 (2019–present)
Chip Roy, U.S. Representative from TX-21 (2019–present)
David Valadao, U.S. Representative from CA-22 (2023–present), U.S. Representative from CA-21 (2013–2019, 2021–present)
Gresham Barrett, U.S. Representative from SC-03 (2003–2011)
John Boehner, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (2011–2015), U.S. Representative from OH-08 (1991–2015)
Mo Brooks, U.S. Representative from AL-05 (2011–2023), Member of the Madison County Commission (1996–2011)
Susan Brooks, U.S. Representative from IN-05 (2013–2021)
Liz Cheney, U.S. Representative from WY-AL (2017–2023), Chair of the House Republican Conference (2019–2021)
Barbara Comstock, U.S. Representative from VA-10 (2015–2019)
Anthony Gonzalez, U.S. Representative from OH-16 (2019–2023)
Will Hurd, U.S. Representative from TX-23 (2015–2021) (former candidate for president)
John Katko, U.S. Representative from NY-24 (2015–2023)
Adam Kinzinger, U.S. Representative from IL-16 (2013–2023), U.S. Representative from IL-11 (2011–2013)
Mia Love, U.S. Representative from UT-04 (2015–2019)
Peter Meijer, U.S. Representative from MI-03 (2021–2023)
Connie Morella, U.S. Representative from MD-08 (1987–2003)
Tom Rice, U.S. Representative from SC-07 (2013–2023)
Paul Ryan, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (2015–2019), U.S. Representative from WI-01 (1999–2019), 2012 nominee for Vice President
Joe Scarborough, U.S. Representative from FL-01 (1995–2001), host of Morning Joe (independent since 2017)
Fred Upton, U.S. Representative from MI-06 (1993–2023), U.S. Representative from MI-04 (1987–1993)
Joe Walsh, U.S. Representative from Il-08 (2011–2013), candidate for president in 2020
~State and Local Officials~
~Current and Former Governors~
Spencer Cox, Governor of Utah (2021–present), Lieutenant Governor of Utah (2013–2021)
Eric Holcomb, Governor of Indiana (2017–present), Lieutenant Governor of Indiana (2016–2017)
Phil Scott, Governor of Vermont (2017–present), Lieutenant Governor of Vermont (2011–2017)
Charlie Baker, Governor of Massachusetts (2015–2023) and President of NCAA (2023–present)
Jeb Bush, Governor of Florida (1999–2007), candidate for president in 2016
Chris Christie, Governor of New Jersey (2010–2018), U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey (2002–2008), candidate for presidency in 2016
Bill Haslam, Governor of Tennessee (2011–2019), chair of the Republican Governors Association (2017–2018)
Larry Hogan, Governor of Maryland (2015–2023), Chair of the National Governors Association (2019–2020)
Asa Hutchinson, Governor of Arkansas (2015–2023), Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration (2001–2003), U.S. Representative from AR-03 (1997–2001)
John Kasich, Governor of Ohio (2011–2019), 2000 and 2016 candidate for president, Chair of the House Budget Committee (1995–2001), U.S. Representative from OH-12 (1983–2001)
George Pataki, Governor of New York (1995–2006), candidate for president in 2016
Marc Racicot, Governor of Montana (1993–2001), chair of the RNC (2001–2003)
Bruce Rauner, Governor of Illinois (2015–2019
Mark Sanford, Governor of South Carolina (2003–2011), U.S. Representative from SC-01 (1995–2001 and 2013–2019), Republican candidate for U.S. President in 2020.
Arnold Schwarzenegger, Governor of California (2003–2011)
Bill Weld, Governor of Massachusetts (1991–1997)
Christine Todd Whitman, Governor of New Jersey (1994–2001), Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (2001-2003)
~Current and Former Statewide Elected Officials~
John Dougall, Auditor of Utah (2013–present), Utah State Representative from District 27 (2003–2013)
Jeanette Nunez, Lieutenant Governor of Florida (2019–present)
Winsome Sears, Lieutenant Governor of Virginia (2022–present)
Roby Smith, Treasurer of Iowa (2023–present)
Geoff Duncan, Lieutenant Governor of Georgia (2019–2023), Member of the Georgia House of Representatives (2013–2017)
Adam Laxalt, Attorney General of Nevada (2015–2019), 2022 nominee for U.S. Senator from Nevada and 2018 nominee for Governor of Nevada
Corey Stapleton, 2024 candidate for president, Secretary of State of Montana (2017–2021)
Michael Steele, Lieutenant Governor of Maryland (2003–2007), Chair of the RNC (2009–2011), co-host of MSNBC's The Weekend
Cate Zeuske, Secretary of the Wisconsin Department of Revenue (1996–2001), Treasurer of Wisconsin (1991–1995), Deputy Secretary of the Wisconsin Department of Administration (2015–2018), Wisconsin State Assemblywoman from District 4 (1985–1991) and District 54 (1983–1985)
~Other Public Figures~
Kathy Barnette, candidate for Senator from Pennsylvania in 2022, and Republican nominee for U.S. Representative from PA-04 in 2020
Michael Cohen, Donald Trump’s lawyer of several decades
Ann Coulter, political commentator and public republican pundit
S. E. Cupp, political commentator
Jenna Ellis, lawyer and alleged racketeering co-conspirator
Carly Fiorina, CEO of Hewlett-Packard (1999–2005) and candidate for president in 2016
David Frum, political commentator and speech writer
Robert Kagan, former republican, former U.S. State Department official, Senior Fellow at The Brookings Institution, contributor to The Washington Post
Tomi Lahren, political commentator
Meghan McCain, political commentator, daughter of 2008 nominee for President John McCain
Rupert Murdoch, businessman and owner of Fox News
Michael Reagan, political commentator and son of Ronald Reagan
~Generally Right Leaning Organizations Opposed to a Second Trump Presidency~
43 Alumni for America, Americans for Prosperity, The Bulwark, National Review, New York Post, Republican Accountability Project , Republicans for the Rule of Law, The Lincoln Project - a centrist American political action committee founded in December 2019 by moderate conservatives and former Republican Party members who oppose U.S. President Donald Trump and Trumpism.
2024.05.01 14:48 highdoge209 Good, better, best…but in which order?
 | submitted by highdoge209 to CAguns [link] [comments] |
2024.05.01 10:02 Spenloverofcats Points per race in a driver's best season
When you come right down to it, winning a championship comes down more to having your best season in the right year than anything else. Some years have a lower bar to clear than others. So using the standard Latford from '75-'03, here's a list of every driver who has had a year that would beat the lowest ever championship season, Tony Stewart's 2002 which averaged 133.3 points per race. I used 10 starts as the minimum cutoff point.
I hope you all enjoyed this little diversion, which if nothing else might add some fuel to best driver who never won a championship debates. Who's inclusion of exclusion surprised you the most?
submitted by Spenloverofcats to NASCAR [link] [comments]
- Richard Petty 1971 (168.1)
- Tim Flock 1955 (166.6)
- Cale Yarborough 1977 (166.6)
- Fireball Roberts 1958 (165.6)
- Bobby Allison 1972 (165.2)
- Marvin Panch 1963 (163.6)
- David Pearson 1969 (162.5)
- Herb Thomas 1953 (162.2)
- Lloyd Dane 1957 (162.1)
- Dale Earnhardt 1987 (161.9)
- Buck Baker 1957 (161.7)
- Ned Jarrett 1965 (161.5)
- Jeff Gordon 1998 (161.4)
- Joe Weatherly 1962 (159.3)
- Lee Petty 1953 (158.6)
- Darrell Waltrip 1981 (157.4)
- Dick Rathman 1954 (156.5)
- Bobby Isaac 1970 (156.3)
- Fred Lorenzen 1963 (155.2)
- Buddy Baker 1971 (155.2)
- Dale Jarrett 1999 (154.7)
- Bill Elliott 1988 (154.7)
- Eddie Pagan 1957 (154.0)
- Rusty Wallace 1988 (153.9)
- Curtis Turner 1954 (153.7)
- Mark Martin 1990 (153.4)
- Kevin Harvick 2020 (152.8)
- Rex White 1960 (152.7)
- Benny Parsons 1977 (152.3)
- Red Byron 1949 (152.0) (My one exception to the 10 start rule for obvious reasons)
- Dick Hutcherson 1965 (151.9)
- Ernie Irvan 1994 (151.3)
- Bobby Labonte 2000 (150.8)
- Terry Labonte 1984 (150.2)
- Kyle Busch 2018 (150.1)
- Kyle Larson 2021 (149.0)
- Pete Hamilton 1970 (149.0)
- Denny Hamlin 2021 (148.3)
- Harry Gant 1984 (148.1)
- Jim Reed 1958 (147.4)
- Martin Truex, Jr. 2017 (147.0)
- Speedy Thompson 1956 (146.8)
- Fonty Flock 1951 (146.8)
- LeeRoy Yarbrough 1969 (146.8)
- Joey Logano 2015 (146.4)
- Carl Edwards 2008 (145.7)
- Emanuel Zervakis 1961 (145.5.)
- Cotton Owens 1961 (145.2)
- James Hylton 1970 (145.1)
- Jack Smith 1962 (144.8)
- Dave Marcis 1978 (144.5)
- Tom Pistone 1959 (144.4)
- Tim Richmond 1986 (143.9)
- Hershel McGriff 1954 (143.9)
- Tony Stewart 2005 (143.7)
- Jimmie Johnson 2008 (143.0)
- Matt Kenseth 2006 (142.6)
- Jim Paschal 1961 (142.5)
- Billy Wade 1964 (142.4)
- Dick Linder 1950 (142.4)
- Jeff Burton 2000 (142.2)
- Junior Johnson 1965 (141.8)
- Bob Welborn 1955 (141.6)
- Brad Keselowski 2020 (141.5)
- Gober Sosebee 1954 (141.4)
- Darel Dieringer 1963 (141.2)
- Ricky Rudd 1991 (141.1)
- Davey Allison 1991 (140.9)
- Bill Amick 1955 (140.7)
- Sterling Marlin 1995 (140.6)
- Alan Kulwicki 1992 (140.6)
- Shorty Rollins 1958 (140.5)
- Bill Blair 1952 (140.2)
- Jimmie Lewallen 1951 (139.5)
- William Byron 2023 (139.3)
- Neil Bonnett 1985 (139.3)
- Greg Biffle 2012 (138.9)
- Geoff Bodine 1990 (138.5)
- Donnie Allison 1969 (137.8)
- Chase Elliott 2021 (137.6)
- Joe Eubanks 1954 (137.6)
- Paul Goldsmith 1957 (136.8)
- Clint Bowyer 2012 (136.5)
- Dale Earnhardt, Jr. 2012 (136.5)
- Scotty Cain 1957 (136.5)
- Paul Lewis 1966 (136.2)
- Kurt Busch 2015 (136.1)
- Kyle Petty 1992 (136.0)
- Jimmy Massey 1955 (136.0)
- John Sears 1967 (135.6)
- Lennie Pond 1978 (135.5)
- Neil Cole 1952 (135.1)
- Tiny Lund 1963 (134.8)
- Bill Rexford 1950 (134.8)
- Larry Thomas 1964 (134.3)
- Lloyd Moore 1950 (134.0)
- Marshall Teague 1951 (133.8)
- Nelson Stacy 1963 (133.7)
- Ken Schrader 1989 (133.6)
- Neil Castles 1969 (133.3)
I hope you all enjoyed this little diversion, which if nothing else might add some fuel to best driver who never won a championship debates. Who's inclusion of exclusion surprised you the most?
2024.04.28 17:04 jpmoney26 1982 Gamefisher (Eska, Sears, Ted Williams) 7.5 outboard parts?
Hello, I just picked up a garage sale special - a well running outboard that is missing the prop, shear pin, and nut.
It's a model # 217.585750 (1982) and I've looked up the Sears part # 46066 for the prop.
Unfortunately, I can't find it anywhere - I've scoured eBay, NLA, the Brazilian connection, FB market place, Craigslist.
Does anyone know what other props are interchangeable with this model or a good source to order one?
submitted by jpmoney26 to Outboards [link] [comments]
It's a model # 217.585750 (1982) and I've looked up the Sears part # 46066 for the prop.
Unfortunately, I can't find it anywhere - I've scoured eBay, NLA, the Brazilian connection, FB market place, Craigslist.
Does anyone know what other props are interchangeable with this model or a good source to order one?
2024.04.16 19:45 Wolfman5155 Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer
Il 18 giugno 1978, subito dopo il divorzio dei genitori e in seguito al conseguimento del diploma della scuola superiore, Dahmer mise in atto il suo primo omicidio. La sua prima vittima fu Steve Hicks, un autostoppista di 19 anni. In quell'occasione l'assassino invitò il giovane nella casa dei genitori rimasta vuota gli offrì una birra, gli fece ascoltare della musica e finì per ucciderlo, colpendolo con un manubrio di 4,5 kg e soffocandolo Successivamente gli tolse i vestiti gli si mise a cavalcioni, vi si masturbò sopra e smembrò il cadavere. Dahmer dapprima disciolse nell'acido alcuni pezzi di carne per gettarli nel gabinetto, quindi frantumò le ossa di Hicks con una mazza da baseball e, infine, le nascose in sacchi per l'immondizia che seppellì nel bosco situato dietro casa.
Subito dopo il delitto, Dahmer si iscrisse all'Università statale dell'Ohio, che abbandonò dopo soli tre mesi, a causa della scarsa frequenza alle lezioni e dell'alcolismo Nel gennaio 1979, non volendo cercare un lavoro fu sollecitato dal padre ad arruolarsi volontario nell'esercito, addestrandosi come specialista medico presso Fort Sam Houston di guarnigione a San Antonio, in Texas. Il 13 luglio dello stesso anno venne assegnato a Baumholder, nella Germania Ovest, dove servì con l'incarico di soccorritore militare all'interno del 2º Battaglione, 68º Reggimento Corazzato dell'8ª Divisione di Fanteria. Trascorsi due anni di servizio, nel marzo 1981 fu dimesso per via del suo sempre più grave alcolismo Ricevette tuttavia un congedo onorevole, dato che i suoi superiori ritenevano che i problemi che Dahmer aveva nell'esercito non sarebbero stati applicabili alla vita civile.
Tornato negli Stati Uniti, Dahmer fu dapprima spedito nella base militare di Fort Jackson, nella Carolina del Sud, per poi stabilirsi a Miami Beach (dove lavorò in una banca del sangue presso un ospedale). Nel 1981 Lionel lo mandò a vivere a casa di sua nonna Catherine Jemima Hughes (1904-1992) a West Allis; ella era infatti l'unico membro della famiglia a cui mostrava affetto e, sotto la sua influenza, il padre sperava che Jeffrey smettesse di bere, trovasse un lavoro e iniziasse a vivere in modo responsabile.
Inizialmente, tale sistemazione con la nonna sembrò proseguire nel migliore dei modi: il giovane la accompagnava in chiesa, svolgeva volentieri le faccende domestiche e fu assunto come flebotomo presso il Milwaukee Blood Plasma Center per dieci mesi, prima di essere licenziato. Dahmer rimase disoccupato per oltre due anni, spendendo quei pochi soldi che gli dava la nonna in alcolici e sigarette.
Durante questo periodo, Dahmer continuò a coltivare le proprie passioni sciogliendo nell'acido scoiattoli morti e custodendo nell'armadio manichini rubati. Nel 1985, peraltro, mentre era seduto a leggere alla Biblioteca di West Allis, un ragazzo gli lanciò un bigliettino nel quale si offriva di praticargli una fellatio; sebbene Dahmer non abbia mai risposto al messaggio, quell'evento contribuì a far risvegliare in lui le sue fantasie di dominio e sopraffazione, portandolo a frequentare sempre con maggior insistenza i bar gay della città e passare tempi prolungati nei bagni degli uomini. Il 20 settembre 1987 Dahmer incontrò in un bar gay Steven Tuomi, un ragazzo di 25 anni con lontane ascendenze finlandesi originario di Ontonagon, in Michigan: dopo aver assunto consistenti quantità di alcolici, Jeffrey uccise la propria vittima in una stanza di albergo all'Ambassador Hotel di Milwaukee, ne chiuse il cadavere in una valigia acquistata per l'occasione per poi portarlo nella cantina della casa di sua nonna, dove ebbe con esso rapporti sessuali.Infine, il cadavere fu smembrato e i resti gettati tra i rifiuti Sette mesi più tardi uccise Jamie Doxtator, un quattordicenne di origini nativo-americane che frequentava i locali gay della città in cerca di una relazione dopo averlo attirato con un'offerta di $50 per posare per una foto di nudo, Dahmer lo strangolò sul pavimento della cantina, per poi gettare i resti di Jamie nella spazzatura.
Il 24 marzo 1988 Dahmer massacrò Richard Guerrero, un ragazzo bisessuale di 22 anni di origini messicane, anch'egli incontrato in un bar gay (anche se la famiglia della vittima ribadì più volte la sua estraneità a tale ambiente: egli dapprima lo drogò con una massiccia dose di sonniferi, poi lo soffocò con un cinturino di pelle, sbarazzandosi successivamente del corpo.
Nel settembre 1988 fu allontanato da casa della nonna a causa del suo comportamento erratico, dei continui rumori molesti e dei terribili odori provenienti dalla cantina. Si trasferì in un appartamento di Milwaukee situato vicino alla fabbrica di cioccolata in cui lavorava; in quello stesso mese adescò Somsack Sinthasomphone, un ragazzo laotiano di tredici anni, promettendogli dei soldi per un servizio fotografico. La vittima riuscì però a sfuggire all'aggressore e a denunciarne le violenze Grazie alla denuncia, Dahmer fu arrestato e accusato di violenza sessuale In attesa del processo (che lo condannò a dieci mesi di ospedale psichiatrico, nonostante l'accusa avesse chiesto l'incarcerazione, Dahmer in seguito tornò a vivere a casa della nonna. Qui massacrò Anthony Sears, incontrato in un circolo gay: anche in questo caso la vittima fu drogata, strangolata e in seguito violentata Il 14 maggio 1990, subito dopo aver ottenuto la libertà condizionata,Jeffrey si trasferì dalla casa di sua nonna a West Allis all'appartamento n°213 presso il 924 dell'edificio Oxford, situato sulla 25esima strada a nord di Milwaukee, in una zona presidiata prevalentemente da minoranze etniche ed alto indice di criminalità. Dahmer portó con sé la testa mummificata e i genitali di Sears. Da allora in poi intensificherà la propria attività omicida uccidendo, in poco più di un anno (in un periodo che va da giugno 1990 a luglio 1991), dodici persone con gli stessi metodi utilizzati per le vittime precedenti. Va sottolineato che dopo il terzo omicidio compiuto nell'appartamento 213 (Quello di David Thomas, nel settembre 1990), Dahmer non uccise più nessuno per quasi cinque mesi, anche se in almeno cinque occasioni tra l'ottobre 1990 e il febbraio 1991 tentò senza successo di adescare uomini nel suo appartamento. Sempre in quel periodo, in diverse occasioni, Dahmer confidò all'agente di sorveglianza di aver avuto pensieri suicidi. In questo periodo non fu mai scoperto né dai vicini di casa (i quali lamentavano tuttavia strani rumori e odori nauseabondi provenienti dal suo appartamento), né dalla polizia, che pure era riuscita a entrare nell'appartamento in seguito a un tentativo di fuga da parte della futura vittima Konerack Sinthasomphone (fratello minore del ragazzo laotiano che Dahmer aveva adescato anni prima. Il ragazzo era riuscito a liberarsi e a ricevere soccorso da parte di due donne che chiamarono la polizia: Dahmer riuscì tuttavia a convincere gli agenti che Sinthasomphone (pesantemente intossicato da alcol e droghe) fosse il suo fidanzato, allontanatosi in seguito a una banale lite. Quando gli agenti se ne andarono, Dahmer uccise, violentò, smembrò e mangiò parzialmente la vittima.
Gli agenti furono successivamente molto criticati per non aver prestato ascolto alle donne, ignorato le telefonate in cui queste aggiungevano dettagli e chiedevano ulteriori informazioni, aver fatto commenti razzisti verso la vittima (emersi dalle registrazioni fra la centrale e la pattuglia) e non aver condotto ricerche nell'appartamento di Dahmer, dove nella camera era ancora riverso uno dei cadaveri delle vittime; in seguito a queste polemiche gli agenti furono rimossi, ma vennero in seguito reintegrati e uno dei due divenne successivamente capo di una sezione di polizia di provincia. Il 22 luglio 1991 Dahmer invitò Tracy Edwards nella sua abitazione, dove gli somministrò una dose di sonnifero, lo ammanettò a un braccio e lo costrinse a entrare nella stanza da letto. Accortosi della presenza di foto di cadaveri smembrati appese ai muri e di un odore insopportabile proveniente da un barile, Edwards colpì l'aggressore con un pugno e fuggì dall'appartamento. Fermato da una pattuglia della polizia, convinse gli agenti Robert Rauth e Rolf Müller ad andare a controllare l'appartamento di Dahmer, all'interno del quale furono ritrovati numerosi resti di cadaveri conservati nel frigorifero, alcune teste e mani tagliate di netto all'interno di pentole, teschi umani dipinti, peni conservati in formaldeide, due cuori umani avvolti in sacchetti di plastica e fotografie di cadaveri squartati all'interno di cassetti. Dopo una breve colluttazione Jeffrey fu immobilizzato e condotto in prigione, in attesa di essere sottoposto a processo. «"Vostro Onore,Ora è finita. Lo scopo di questa causa non e mai stato ottenere la libertà. Non ho mai voluto la libertà. Sinceramente, volevo la morte per me stesso. Era il caso di dire al mondo che ho fatto quello che ho fatto, ma non per motivi di odio. Non odiavo nessuno. Sapevo di essere malato o malvagio o entrambi. Adesso credo di essere stato malato. I medici mi hanno parlato della mia malattia e ora ho un po’ di pace.So quanto male ho causato. Ho cercato di fare del mio meglio dopo l’arresto per fare ammenda, ma qualunque cosa abbia fatto non sono riuscita a rimediare al terribile danno che ho causato. Il mio tentativo di aiutare a identificare i resti è stato il meglio che ho potuto fare, e non è stato quasi nulla. Mi sento così male per quello che ho fatto a quelle povere famiglie e capisco il loro legittimo odio. Ora so che resterò in prigione per il resto della mia vita. So che dovrò rivolgermi a Dio per aiutarmi a superare ogni giorno. Sarei dovuto restare con Dio. Ci ho provato e ho fallito e ho creato un olocausto. Grazie a Dio non potrò fare più alcun male. Credo che solo il Signore Gesù Cristo può salvarmi dai miei peccati. Ho dato istruzioni al signor Boyle di porre fine a questa faccenda. Non voglio contestare le cause civili. Ho detto al signor Boyle di provare a finalizzarli, se possibile. Se mai ci saranno soldi, voglio che vadano alle famiglie. Ho parlato con il signor Boyle di altre cose che potrebbero aiutarmi ad alleviare la mia coscienza in qualche modo per trovare idee su come fare ammenda a queste famiglie, e lavorerò con lui su questo. Voglio tornare in Ohio e porre fine rapidamente a questa faccenda in modo da potermi mettere tutto alle spalle e poi tornare qui per scontare la mia sentenza. Ho deciso di sottopormi a questa prova per una serie di motivi. Uno dei motivi era far sapere al mondo che non si trattava di crimini d’odio. Volevo che il mondo e Milwaukee, che ho ferito profondamente, conoscessero la verità su quello che avevo fatto. Non volevo domande senza risposta. Tutte le domande ora hanno avuto risposta. Volevo scoprire cosa mi rendeva così cattivo e malvagio. Ma soprattutto, il signor Boyle e io abbiamo deciso che forse c'era un modo per dire al mondo che se ci sono persone là fuori con questi disturbi, forse possono ricevere aiuto prima di finire per farsi male o ferire qualcuno. Penso che il processo abbia fatto questo. Il giudice nel mio caso precedente ha cercato di aiutarmi, ma io ho rifiutato il suo aiuto e lui è rimasto ferito da quello che ho fatto. Ho ferito quei poliziotti nella questione Konerak, e non mi pentirò mai di aver fatto perdere loro il lavoro, e spero solo e prego che possano riavere il loro lavoro perché so che hanno fatto del loro meglio e li ho semplicemente ingannati. Per questo mi dispiace. So di aver ferito il mio agente di sorveglianza, che stava davvero cercando di aiutarmi. Mi dispiace così tanto per questo e mi dispiace per tutti gli altri che ho ferito. Ho ferito mia madre, mio padre e la mia matrigna. Li amo tutti così tanto. Spero che troveranno la stessa pace che sto cercando. I soci del signor Boyle, Wendy ed Ellen, sono stati meravigliosi con me, aiutandomi a superare questo momento peggiore di tutti. Voglio ringraziare pubblicamente il signor Boyle. Non aveva bisogno di accettare questo caso. Ma quando gli ho chiesto di aiutarmi a trovare le risposte e di aiutare gli altri se potevo, è rimasto con me ed ha esagerato nel tentativo di aiutarmi. Il signor Boyle e io eravamo d'accordo sul fatto che non si trattava mai di provare a scappare. no consideration..»
(IT) «"Vostro Onore,Ora è finita. Lo scopo di questa causa non e mai stato ottenere la libertà. Non ho mai voluto la libertà. Sinceramente, volevo la morte per me stesso. Era il caso di dire al mondo che ho fatto quello che ho fatto, ma non per motivi di odio. Non odiavo nessuno. Sapevo di essere malato o malvagio o entrambi. Adesso credo di essere stato malato. I medici mi hanno parlato della mia malattia e ora ho un po’ di pace.So quanto male ho causato. Ho cercato di fare del mio meglio dopo l’arresto per fare ammenda, ma qualunque cosa abbia fatto non sono riuscita a rimediare al terribile danno che ho causato. Il mio tentativo di aiutare a identificare i resti è stato il meglio che ho potuto fare, e non è stato quasi nulla. Mi sento così male per quello che ho fatto a quelle povere famiglie e capisco il loro legittimo odio. Ora so che resterò in prigione per il resto della mia vita. So che dovrò rivolgermi a Dio per aiutarmi a superare ogni giorno. Sarei dovuto restare con Dio. Ci ho provato e ho fallito e ho creato un olocausto. Grazie a Dio non potrò fare più alcun male. Credo che solo il Signore Gesù Cristo può salvarmi dai miei peccati. Ho dato istruzioni al signor Boyle di porre fine a questa faccenda. Non voglio contestare le cause civili. Ho detto al signor Boyle di provare a finalizzarli, se possibile. Se mai ci saranno soldi, voglio che vadano alle famiglie. Ho parlato con il signor Boyle di altre cose che potrebbero aiutarmi ad alleviare la mia coscienza in qualche modo per trovare idee su come fare ammenda a queste famiglie, e lavorerò con lui su questo. Voglio tornare in Ohio e porre fine rapidamente a questa faccenda in modo da potermi mettere tutto alle spalle e poi tornare qui per scontare la mia sentenza. Ho deciso di sottopormi a questa prova per una serie di motivi. Uno dei motivi era far sapere al mondo che non si trattava di crimini d’odio. Volevo che il mondo e Milwaukee, che ho ferito profondamente, conoscessero la verità su quello che avevo fatto. Non volevo domande senza risposta. Tutte le domande ora hanno avuto risposta. Volevo scoprire cosa mi rendeva così cattivo e malvagio. Ma soprattutto, il signor Boyle e io abbiamo deciso che forse c'era un modo per dire al mondo che se ci sono persone là fuori con questi disturbi, forse possono ricevere aiuto prima di finire per farsi male o ferire qualcuno. Penso che il processo abbia fatto questo. Il giudice nel mio caso precedente ha cercato di aiutarmi, ma io ho rifiutato il suo aiuto e lui è rimasto ferito da quello che ho fatto. Ho ferito quei poliziotti nella questione Konerak, e non mi pentirò mai di aver fatto perdere loro il lavoro, e spero solo e prego che possano riavere il loro lavoro perché so che hanno fatto del loro meglio e li ho semplicemente ingannati. Per questo mi dispiace. So di aver ferito il mio agente di sorveglianza, che stava davvero cercando di aiutarmi. Mi dispiace così tanto per questo e mi dispiace per tutti gli altri che ho ferito. Ho ferito mia madre, mio padre e la mia matrigna. Li amo tutti così tanto. Spero che troveranno la stessa pace che sto cercando. I soci del signor Boyle, Wendy ed Ellen, sono stati meravigliosi con me, aiutandomi a superare questo momento peggiore di tutti. Voglio ringraziare pubblicamente il signor Boyle. Non aveva bisogno di accettare questo caso. Ma quando gli ho chiesto di aiutarmi a trovare le risposte e di aiutare gli altri se potevo, è rimasto con me ed ha esagerato nel tentativo di aiutarmi. Il signor Boyle e io eravamo d'accordo sul fatto che non si trattava mai di provare a scappare. Era solo questione di quale posto sarei stato ospitato per il resto della mia vita, non per comodità, ma per cercare di studiarmi nella speranza di aiutarmi e imparare ad aiutare gli altri che avrebbero potuto avere problemi. So che sarò in prigione. Mi impegno a parlare con i medici che potrebbero essere in grado di trovare le risposte. In chiusura, voglio solo dire che spero che Dio mi abbia perdonato. Penso che lo abbia fatto. So che la società non potrà mai perdonarmi. So che le famiglie delle vittime non potranno mai perdonarmi per quello che ho fatto. Ma se c’è un Dio in paradiso, prometto che pregherò ogni giorno per chiedere loro perdono quando il dolore se ne andrà, se mai accadrà. Ho visto le loro lacrime e, se potessi rinunciare alla mia vita in questo momento per riportare indietro i loro cari, lo farei. Mi dispiace profondamente. Vostro Onore, so che state per condannarmi. Non chiedo attenuanti. Voglio che sappia che sono stato trattato perfettamente dai deputati che lavorano per il carcere. I deputati mi hanno trattato professionalmente e voglio che tutti lo sappiano. Non mi hanno riservato un trattamento speciale. Ecco un detto degno di fiducia che merita piena accettazione: “Cristo Gesù è venuto in questo mondo per salvare i peccatori, dei quali io sono il peggiore. Ma proprio per questo mi è stata usata misericordia, affinché in me, il peggiore dei peccatori, Cristo Gesù manifestasse la sua illimitata pazienza, come esempio per coloro che avrebbero creduto in lui e avrebbero ricevuto la vita eterna. Ora al Re eterno, immortale, invisibile, unico Dio, onore e gloria nei secoli dei secoli». So che il mio tempo in prigione sarà terribile, ma merito tutto ciò che otterrò per quello che ho fatto. Grazie, vostro onore, e sono pronto per la vostra sentenza, che so sarà la massima. Non chiedo attenuanti. ".»
submitted by Wolfman5155 to Monsters [link] [comments]
Subito dopo il delitto, Dahmer si iscrisse all'Università statale dell'Ohio, che abbandonò dopo soli tre mesi, a causa della scarsa frequenza alle lezioni e dell'alcolismo Nel gennaio 1979, non volendo cercare un lavoro fu sollecitato dal padre ad arruolarsi volontario nell'esercito, addestrandosi come specialista medico presso Fort Sam Houston di guarnigione a San Antonio, in Texas. Il 13 luglio dello stesso anno venne assegnato a Baumholder, nella Germania Ovest, dove servì con l'incarico di soccorritore militare all'interno del 2º Battaglione, 68º Reggimento Corazzato dell'8ª Divisione di Fanteria. Trascorsi due anni di servizio, nel marzo 1981 fu dimesso per via del suo sempre più grave alcolismo Ricevette tuttavia un congedo onorevole, dato che i suoi superiori ritenevano che i problemi che Dahmer aveva nell'esercito non sarebbero stati applicabili alla vita civile.
Tornato negli Stati Uniti, Dahmer fu dapprima spedito nella base militare di Fort Jackson, nella Carolina del Sud, per poi stabilirsi a Miami Beach (dove lavorò in una banca del sangue presso un ospedale). Nel 1981 Lionel lo mandò a vivere a casa di sua nonna Catherine Jemima Hughes (1904-1992) a West Allis; ella era infatti l'unico membro della famiglia a cui mostrava affetto e, sotto la sua influenza, il padre sperava che Jeffrey smettesse di bere, trovasse un lavoro e iniziasse a vivere in modo responsabile.
Inizialmente, tale sistemazione con la nonna sembrò proseguire nel migliore dei modi: il giovane la accompagnava in chiesa, svolgeva volentieri le faccende domestiche e fu assunto come flebotomo presso il Milwaukee Blood Plasma Center per dieci mesi, prima di essere licenziato. Dahmer rimase disoccupato per oltre due anni, spendendo quei pochi soldi che gli dava la nonna in alcolici e sigarette.
Durante questo periodo, Dahmer continuò a coltivare le proprie passioni sciogliendo nell'acido scoiattoli morti e custodendo nell'armadio manichini rubati. Nel 1985, peraltro, mentre era seduto a leggere alla Biblioteca di West Allis, un ragazzo gli lanciò un bigliettino nel quale si offriva di praticargli una fellatio; sebbene Dahmer non abbia mai risposto al messaggio, quell'evento contribuì a far risvegliare in lui le sue fantasie di dominio e sopraffazione, portandolo a frequentare sempre con maggior insistenza i bar gay della città e passare tempi prolungati nei bagni degli uomini. Il 20 settembre 1987 Dahmer incontrò in un bar gay Steven Tuomi, un ragazzo di 25 anni con lontane ascendenze finlandesi originario di Ontonagon, in Michigan: dopo aver assunto consistenti quantità di alcolici, Jeffrey uccise la propria vittima in una stanza di albergo all'Ambassador Hotel di Milwaukee, ne chiuse il cadavere in una valigia acquistata per l'occasione per poi portarlo nella cantina della casa di sua nonna, dove ebbe con esso rapporti sessuali.Infine, il cadavere fu smembrato e i resti gettati tra i rifiuti Sette mesi più tardi uccise Jamie Doxtator, un quattordicenne di origini nativo-americane che frequentava i locali gay della città in cerca di una relazione dopo averlo attirato con un'offerta di $50 per posare per una foto di nudo, Dahmer lo strangolò sul pavimento della cantina, per poi gettare i resti di Jamie nella spazzatura.
Il 24 marzo 1988 Dahmer massacrò Richard Guerrero, un ragazzo bisessuale di 22 anni di origini messicane, anch'egli incontrato in un bar gay (anche se la famiglia della vittima ribadì più volte la sua estraneità a tale ambiente: egli dapprima lo drogò con una massiccia dose di sonniferi, poi lo soffocò con un cinturino di pelle, sbarazzandosi successivamente del corpo.
Nel settembre 1988 fu allontanato da casa della nonna a causa del suo comportamento erratico, dei continui rumori molesti e dei terribili odori provenienti dalla cantina. Si trasferì in un appartamento di Milwaukee situato vicino alla fabbrica di cioccolata in cui lavorava; in quello stesso mese adescò Somsack Sinthasomphone, un ragazzo laotiano di tredici anni, promettendogli dei soldi per un servizio fotografico. La vittima riuscì però a sfuggire all'aggressore e a denunciarne le violenze Grazie alla denuncia, Dahmer fu arrestato e accusato di violenza sessuale In attesa del processo (che lo condannò a dieci mesi di ospedale psichiatrico, nonostante l'accusa avesse chiesto l'incarcerazione, Dahmer in seguito tornò a vivere a casa della nonna. Qui massacrò Anthony Sears, incontrato in un circolo gay: anche in questo caso la vittima fu drogata, strangolata e in seguito violentata Il 14 maggio 1990, subito dopo aver ottenuto la libertà condizionata,Jeffrey si trasferì dalla casa di sua nonna a West Allis all'appartamento n°213 presso il 924 dell'edificio Oxford, situato sulla 25esima strada a nord di Milwaukee, in una zona presidiata prevalentemente da minoranze etniche ed alto indice di criminalità. Dahmer portó con sé la testa mummificata e i genitali di Sears. Da allora in poi intensificherà la propria attività omicida uccidendo, in poco più di un anno (in un periodo che va da giugno 1990 a luglio 1991), dodici persone con gli stessi metodi utilizzati per le vittime precedenti. Va sottolineato che dopo il terzo omicidio compiuto nell'appartamento 213 (Quello di David Thomas, nel settembre 1990), Dahmer non uccise più nessuno per quasi cinque mesi, anche se in almeno cinque occasioni tra l'ottobre 1990 e il febbraio 1991 tentò senza successo di adescare uomini nel suo appartamento. Sempre in quel periodo, in diverse occasioni, Dahmer confidò all'agente di sorveglianza di aver avuto pensieri suicidi. In questo periodo non fu mai scoperto né dai vicini di casa (i quali lamentavano tuttavia strani rumori e odori nauseabondi provenienti dal suo appartamento), né dalla polizia, che pure era riuscita a entrare nell'appartamento in seguito a un tentativo di fuga da parte della futura vittima Konerack Sinthasomphone (fratello minore del ragazzo laotiano che Dahmer aveva adescato anni prima. Il ragazzo era riuscito a liberarsi e a ricevere soccorso da parte di due donne che chiamarono la polizia: Dahmer riuscì tuttavia a convincere gli agenti che Sinthasomphone (pesantemente intossicato da alcol e droghe) fosse il suo fidanzato, allontanatosi in seguito a una banale lite. Quando gli agenti se ne andarono, Dahmer uccise, violentò, smembrò e mangiò parzialmente la vittima.
Gli agenti furono successivamente molto criticati per non aver prestato ascolto alle donne, ignorato le telefonate in cui queste aggiungevano dettagli e chiedevano ulteriori informazioni, aver fatto commenti razzisti verso la vittima (emersi dalle registrazioni fra la centrale e la pattuglia) e non aver condotto ricerche nell'appartamento di Dahmer, dove nella camera era ancora riverso uno dei cadaveri delle vittime; in seguito a queste polemiche gli agenti furono rimossi, ma vennero in seguito reintegrati e uno dei due divenne successivamente capo di una sezione di polizia di provincia. Il 22 luglio 1991 Dahmer invitò Tracy Edwards nella sua abitazione, dove gli somministrò una dose di sonnifero, lo ammanettò a un braccio e lo costrinse a entrare nella stanza da letto. Accortosi della presenza di foto di cadaveri smembrati appese ai muri e di un odore insopportabile proveniente da un barile, Edwards colpì l'aggressore con un pugno e fuggì dall'appartamento. Fermato da una pattuglia della polizia, convinse gli agenti Robert Rauth e Rolf Müller ad andare a controllare l'appartamento di Dahmer, all'interno del quale furono ritrovati numerosi resti di cadaveri conservati nel frigorifero, alcune teste e mani tagliate di netto all'interno di pentole, teschi umani dipinti, peni conservati in formaldeide, due cuori umani avvolti in sacchetti di plastica e fotografie di cadaveri squartati all'interno di cassetti. Dopo una breve colluttazione Jeffrey fu immobilizzato e condotto in prigione, in attesa di essere sottoposto a processo. «"Vostro Onore,Ora è finita. Lo scopo di questa causa non e mai stato ottenere la libertà. Non ho mai voluto la libertà. Sinceramente, volevo la morte per me stesso. Era il caso di dire al mondo che ho fatto quello che ho fatto, ma non per motivi di odio. Non odiavo nessuno. Sapevo di essere malato o malvagio o entrambi. Adesso credo di essere stato malato. I medici mi hanno parlato della mia malattia e ora ho un po’ di pace.So quanto male ho causato. Ho cercato di fare del mio meglio dopo l’arresto per fare ammenda, ma qualunque cosa abbia fatto non sono riuscita a rimediare al terribile danno che ho causato. Il mio tentativo di aiutare a identificare i resti è stato il meglio che ho potuto fare, e non è stato quasi nulla. Mi sento così male per quello che ho fatto a quelle povere famiglie e capisco il loro legittimo odio. Ora so che resterò in prigione per il resto della mia vita. So che dovrò rivolgermi a Dio per aiutarmi a superare ogni giorno. Sarei dovuto restare con Dio. Ci ho provato e ho fallito e ho creato un olocausto. Grazie a Dio non potrò fare più alcun male. Credo che solo il Signore Gesù Cristo può salvarmi dai miei peccati. Ho dato istruzioni al signor Boyle di porre fine a questa faccenda. Non voglio contestare le cause civili. Ho detto al signor Boyle di provare a finalizzarli, se possibile. Se mai ci saranno soldi, voglio che vadano alle famiglie. Ho parlato con il signor Boyle di altre cose che potrebbero aiutarmi ad alleviare la mia coscienza in qualche modo per trovare idee su come fare ammenda a queste famiglie, e lavorerò con lui su questo. Voglio tornare in Ohio e porre fine rapidamente a questa faccenda in modo da potermi mettere tutto alle spalle e poi tornare qui per scontare la mia sentenza. Ho deciso di sottopormi a questa prova per una serie di motivi. Uno dei motivi era far sapere al mondo che non si trattava di crimini d’odio. Volevo che il mondo e Milwaukee, che ho ferito profondamente, conoscessero la verità su quello che avevo fatto. Non volevo domande senza risposta. Tutte le domande ora hanno avuto risposta. Volevo scoprire cosa mi rendeva così cattivo e malvagio. Ma soprattutto, il signor Boyle e io abbiamo deciso che forse c'era un modo per dire al mondo che se ci sono persone là fuori con questi disturbi, forse possono ricevere aiuto prima di finire per farsi male o ferire qualcuno. Penso che il processo abbia fatto questo. Il giudice nel mio caso precedente ha cercato di aiutarmi, ma io ho rifiutato il suo aiuto e lui è rimasto ferito da quello che ho fatto. Ho ferito quei poliziotti nella questione Konerak, e non mi pentirò mai di aver fatto perdere loro il lavoro, e spero solo e prego che possano riavere il loro lavoro perché so che hanno fatto del loro meglio e li ho semplicemente ingannati. Per questo mi dispiace. So di aver ferito il mio agente di sorveglianza, che stava davvero cercando di aiutarmi. Mi dispiace così tanto per questo e mi dispiace per tutti gli altri che ho ferito. Ho ferito mia madre, mio padre e la mia matrigna. Li amo tutti così tanto. Spero che troveranno la stessa pace che sto cercando. I soci del signor Boyle, Wendy ed Ellen, sono stati meravigliosi con me, aiutandomi a superare questo momento peggiore di tutti. Voglio ringraziare pubblicamente il signor Boyle. Non aveva bisogno di accettare questo caso. Ma quando gli ho chiesto di aiutarmi a trovare le risposte e di aiutare gli altri se potevo, è rimasto con me ed ha esagerato nel tentativo di aiutarmi. Il signor Boyle e io eravamo d'accordo sul fatto che non si trattava mai di provare a scappare. no consideration..»
(IT) «"Vostro Onore,Ora è finita. Lo scopo di questa causa non e mai stato ottenere la libertà. Non ho mai voluto la libertà. Sinceramente, volevo la morte per me stesso. Era il caso di dire al mondo che ho fatto quello che ho fatto, ma non per motivi di odio. Non odiavo nessuno. Sapevo di essere malato o malvagio o entrambi. Adesso credo di essere stato malato. I medici mi hanno parlato della mia malattia e ora ho un po’ di pace.So quanto male ho causato. Ho cercato di fare del mio meglio dopo l’arresto per fare ammenda, ma qualunque cosa abbia fatto non sono riuscita a rimediare al terribile danno che ho causato. Il mio tentativo di aiutare a identificare i resti è stato il meglio che ho potuto fare, e non è stato quasi nulla. Mi sento così male per quello che ho fatto a quelle povere famiglie e capisco il loro legittimo odio. Ora so che resterò in prigione per il resto della mia vita. So che dovrò rivolgermi a Dio per aiutarmi a superare ogni giorno. Sarei dovuto restare con Dio. Ci ho provato e ho fallito e ho creato un olocausto. Grazie a Dio non potrò fare più alcun male. Credo che solo il Signore Gesù Cristo può salvarmi dai miei peccati. Ho dato istruzioni al signor Boyle di porre fine a questa faccenda. Non voglio contestare le cause civili. Ho detto al signor Boyle di provare a finalizzarli, se possibile. Se mai ci saranno soldi, voglio che vadano alle famiglie. Ho parlato con il signor Boyle di altre cose che potrebbero aiutarmi ad alleviare la mia coscienza in qualche modo per trovare idee su come fare ammenda a queste famiglie, e lavorerò con lui su questo. Voglio tornare in Ohio e porre fine rapidamente a questa faccenda in modo da potermi mettere tutto alle spalle e poi tornare qui per scontare la mia sentenza. Ho deciso di sottopormi a questa prova per una serie di motivi. Uno dei motivi era far sapere al mondo che non si trattava di crimini d’odio. Volevo che il mondo e Milwaukee, che ho ferito profondamente, conoscessero la verità su quello che avevo fatto. Non volevo domande senza risposta. Tutte le domande ora hanno avuto risposta. Volevo scoprire cosa mi rendeva così cattivo e malvagio. Ma soprattutto, il signor Boyle e io abbiamo deciso che forse c'era un modo per dire al mondo che se ci sono persone là fuori con questi disturbi, forse possono ricevere aiuto prima di finire per farsi male o ferire qualcuno. Penso che il processo abbia fatto questo. Il giudice nel mio caso precedente ha cercato di aiutarmi, ma io ho rifiutato il suo aiuto e lui è rimasto ferito da quello che ho fatto. Ho ferito quei poliziotti nella questione Konerak, e non mi pentirò mai di aver fatto perdere loro il lavoro, e spero solo e prego che possano riavere il loro lavoro perché so che hanno fatto del loro meglio e li ho semplicemente ingannati. Per questo mi dispiace. So di aver ferito il mio agente di sorveglianza, che stava davvero cercando di aiutarmi. Mi dispiace così tanto per questo e mi dispiace per tutti gli altri che ho ferito. Ho ferito mia madre, mio padre e la mia matrigna. Li amo tutti così tanto. Spero che troveranno la stessa pace che sto cercando. I soci del signor Boyle, Wendy ed Ellen, sono stati meravigliosi con me, aiutandomi a superare questo momento peggiore di tutti. Voglio ringraziare pubblicamente il signor Boyle. Non aveva bisogno di accettare questo caso. Ma quando gli ho chiesto di aiutarmi a trovare le risposte e di aiutare gli altri se potevo, è rimasto con me ed ha esagerato nel tentativo di aiutarmi. Il signor Boyle e io eravamo d'accordo sul fatto che non si trattava mai di provare a scappare. Era solo questione di quale posto sarei stato ospitato per il resto della mia vita, non per comodità, ma per cercare di studiarmi nella speranza di aiutarmi e imparare ad aiutare gli altri che avrebbero potuto avere problemi. So che sarò in prigione. Mi impegno a parlare con i medici che potrebbero essere in grado di trovare le risposte. In chiusura, voglio solo dire che spero che Dio mi abbia perdonato. Penso che lo abbia fatto. So che la società non potrà mai perdonarmi. So che le famiglie delle vittime non potranno mai perdonarmi per quello che ho fatto. Ma se c’è un Dio in paradiso, prometto che pregherò ogni giorno per chiedere loro perdono quando il dolore se ne andrà, se mai accadrà. Ho visto le loro lacrime e, se potessi rinunciare alla mia vita in questo momento per riportare indietro i loro cari, lo farei. Mi dispiace profondamente. Vostro Onore, so che state per condannarmi. Non chiedo attenuanti. Voglio che sappia che sono stato trattato perfettamente dai deputati che lavorano per il carcere. I deputati mi hanno trattato professionalmente e voglio che tutti lo sappiano. Non mi hanno riservato un trattamento speciale. Ecco un detto degno di fiducia che merita piena accettazione: “Cristo Gesù è venuto in questo mondo per salvare i peccatori, dei quali io sono il peggiore. Ma proprio per questo mi è stata usata misericordia, affinché in me, il peggiore dei peccatori, Cristo Gesù manifestasse la sua illimitata pazienza, come esempio per coloro che avrebbero creduto in lui e avrebbero ricevuto la vita eterna. Ora al Re eterno, immortale, invisibile, unico Dio, onore e gloria nei secoli dei secoli». So che il mio tempo in prigione sarà terribile, ma merito tutto ciò che otterrò per quello che ho fatto. Grazie, vostro onore, e sono pronto per la vostra sentenza, che so sarà la massima. Non chiedo attenuanti. ".»
(La dichiarazione di Jeffrey Dahmer alla corte dopo il processo.)
Modus Operandi: Tutte le 17 vittime degli omicidi di Dahmer erano principalmente ragazzi, adolescenti o adulti (perlopiù omosessuali di etnia afroamericana o asiatica e, come rilevato in seguito dalla polizia locale e dai rapporti dell'FBI alcuni di loro avevano già precedenti penali di una certa entità alle loro spalle. Il serial killer li adescava nei pressi dei luoghi di ritrovo per omosessuali fingendosi un fotografo in cerca di modelli col pretesto di vedere film dal contenuto hard e bere qualcosa insieme, oppure semplicemente proponendo loro un rapporto sessuale Le vittime venivano nella maggior parte dei casi narcotizzate e uccise tramite strangolamento. Solo una di loro fu pugnalata, sempre in seguito alla somministrazione di un narcotizzante. Le vittime subivano talvolta atti di necrofilia e infine venivano squartate con una sega.Tutta l'operazione era documentata da Dahmer tramite varie fotografie che illustravano il processo in ogni singolo passo.Le parti asportate dai corpi venivano conservate in freezer come cibo, disciolte nell'acido, oppure messe in formaldeide. Alcune teste venivano invece bollite per rimuoverne la carne, lasciando il teschio nudo che veniva poi dipinto per farlo sembrare di plastica. Dahmer sottopose inoltre alcune vittime a esperimenti di lobotomia, iniettando nel loro cervello acido muriatico o acqua bollente tramite dei fori trapanati nel cranio, con l'apparente scopo di creare zombie, e provocando la morte dei malcapitati.
Nomi delle vittime di Jeffrey Dahmer: Stephen Hicks 19 18 giugno 1978 Steven Tuomi 24 20 settembre 1987 Jamie Doxtator 14 16 gennaio 1988 Richard Guerrero 21 24 marzo 1988[74] Anthony Sears 24 25 marzo 1989 Eddie Smith 28 14 giugno 1990[75] Raymond Smith (aka Ricky Beeks[76]) 27 27 luglio 1990 Ernest Miller 22 22 settembre 1990 David Thomas 23 24 settembre 1990[77] Curtis Straughter 17 19 febbraio 1991 Errol Lindsey 19 19 aprile 1991 Tony Hughes 31 24 maggio 1991 Konerack Sinthasomphone 14 27 maggio 1991 Matt Turner (aka Donald Montrell) 20 30 giugno 1991 Jeremiah Weinberger 23 5 luglio 1991 Oliver Lacy 23 12 luglio 1991 Joseph Bradehoft 25 19 luglio 1991 Fonte Articolo: https://it.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Dahmerjeffreydahmer #serialkiller #necrofilia #violenzasessuale #strangolamenti #cannibalismo #uccisionedianimali
2024.04.04 01:29 Srybutimtoolazy Books I own or have otherwise access to. DM me if you want me to look anything up and/or take photos.
Numismatics:
[DOC I] Bellinger, Alfred R. (1992) Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. Volume One: Anastasius I to Maurice 491-602 (2nd ed.), Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
[DOC II-1] Grierson, Philip (1993) Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. Volume Two: Phocas to Theodosius III 602-717. Part 1: Phocas and Heraclius (602-641) (2nd ed.), Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
[DOC II-2] Grierson, Philip (1993) Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. Volume Two: Phocas to Theodosius III 602-717. Part 2: Heraclius Constantine to Theodosius III (641-717) (2nd ed.), Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
[DOC III-1] Grierson, Philip (1993) Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. Volume Three: Leo III to Nicephorus III 717-1081. Part 1: Leo III to Michael III (717-867) (2nd ed.), Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
[DOC III-2] Grierson, Philip (1993) Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. Volume Three: Leo III to Nicephorus III 717-1081. Part 2: Basil I to Nicephorus III (867-1081) (2nd ed.), Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
[DOC IV-1] Hendy, Michael F. (1999) Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. Volume Four: Alexius I to Michael VIII 1081-1261. Part 1: Alexius I to Alexius V (1081-1204), Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
[DOC IV-2] Hendy, Michael F. (1999) Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. Volume Four: Alexius I to Michael VIII 1081-1261. Part 2: The Emperors of Nicaea and Their Contemporaries (1204-1261), Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
[DOC V-1] Grierson, Philip (1999) Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. Volume Five: Michael VIII to Constantine XI 1258-1453. Part I: Introduction, Appendices, and Bibliography, Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
[DOC V-2] Grierson, Philip (1999) Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. Volume Five: Michael VIII to Constantine XI 1258-1453. Part II: Catalogue, Concordances, and Indexes, Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
[BCV] Sear, David R. (1987) Byzantine Coins and their Values (2nd ed.), London: B. A. Seaby Ltd.
[GCV I] Sear, David R. (1978) Greek Coins and their Values. Volume I: Europe. Coins of Spain, Gaul, Italy, Sicily, the Balkan lands, Greece, the Cyclades and Crete; also the Celtic issues of Western and Central Europe (2nd ed.), London: Seaby Publications Ltd.
[GCV II] Sear, David R. (1979) Greek Coins and their Values. Volume II: Asia and North Africa (2nd ed.), London: Seaby Publications Ltd.
[GICV] Sear, David R. (2001) Greek Imperial Coins and their Values. The Local Coinages of the Roman Empire, London: Seaby Publications Ltd.
[ÉH I] Emil, Dr. Unger (1997) Magyar Éremhatározó. I. kötet (1000-1540) / Ungarischer Münzbestimmer. Band I. (1000-1540), Budapest: Ajtósi Dürer Könyvkiadó
[ÉH II] Emil, Dr. Unger (2000) Magyar Éremhatározó. II. kötet (1526-1740) / Ungarischer Münzbestimmer. Band II. (1526-1740), Budapest: Ajtósi Dürer Könyvkiadó
[ÉH III] Emil, Dr. Unger (2001) Magyar Éremhatározó. III. kötet (1740-1922) / Ungarischer Münzbestimmer. Band III. (1740-1922), Budapest: Ajtósi Dürer Könyvkiadó
[MB] Nicol, N. Douglas; Cuhaj, George S.; Michael, Thomas (2011) Standard Catalog of German Coins 1501-Present (3rd ed.), Iola: Krause Publications
[KM] Michael, Thomas; Schmidt, Tracy L. (2018) Standard Catalog of World Coins 1601-1700 (7th ed.), Iola: Krause Publications
[KM] Michael, Thomas (2016) Standard Catalog of World Coins 1701-1800 (7th ed.), Iola: Krause Publications
[KM] Michael, Thomas (2015) Standard Catalog of World Coins 1801-1900 (8th ed.), Iola: Krause Publications
[KM] Michael, Thomas; Schmidt, Tracy L. (2019) 2020 Standard Catalog of World Coins 1901-2000 (47th ed.), Stevens Point: Krause Publications
[KM] Michael, Thomas; Schmidt, Tracy L. (2018) 2019 Standard Catalog of World Coins 2001-Date (13th ed.), Stevens Point: Krause Publications
[X] Cuhaj, George S.; Michael, Thomas (2011) Unusual World Coins. Companion Volume to the Standard Catalog of World Coins (6th ed.), Iola: Krause Publications
[RCV I] Sear, David R. (2000) Roman Coins and Their Values. Volume I: The Republic and The Twelve Caesars 280 BC-AD 96, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RCV II] Sear, David R. (2002) Roman Coins and Their Values. Volume II: The Accession of Nerva to the overthrow of the Severan dynasty AD 96-AD 235, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RCV III] Sear, David R. (2005) Roman Coins and Their Values. Volume III: The 3rd century crisis and reovery AD 235-285, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RCV IV] Sear, David R. (2011) Roman Coins and Their Values. Volume IV: The Tetrarchies and the rise of the House of Constantine AD 284-337, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RCV V] Sear, David R. (2014) Roman Coins and Their Values. Volume V: The Christian Empire. The Late Constantinian Dynasty and the Houses of Valentinian and Theodosius and their successors, Constantine II to Zeno AD 337-491, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RRC I] Crawford, Michael H. (1991) Roman Republican Coinage I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
[RRC II] Crawford, Michael H. (2008) Roman Republican Coinage II, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
[RSC I] Seaby, H. A.; Sear, David R.; Loosley, Robert (1989) Roman Silver Coins. Volume I: The Republic to Augustus (3rd ed.), London: Seaby Publications Ltd.
[RSC II] Seaby, H. A.; Sear, David R.; Loosley, Robert (1979) Roman Silver Coins. Volume II: Tiberius to Commodus; arranged according to Cohen (3rd ed.), London: Seaby Publications Ltd.
[RSC III] Seaby, H. A.; Loosley, Robert (1982) Roman Silver Coins. Volume III: Pertinax to Balbinus and Pupienus; arranged according to Cohen (2nd ed.), London: Seaby Publications Ltd.
[RSC IV] Seaby, H. A.; Sear, David R. (1982) Roman Silver Coins. Volume IV: Gordian III to Postumus; arranged according to Cohen (2nd ed.), London: Seaby Publications Ltd.
[RSC V] Seaby, H. A.; King, C. E.; Sear, David R. (1987) Roman Silver Coins. Volume V: Carausius to Romulus Augustus; arranged according to Cohen, London: Seaby Publications Ltd.
[RIC I] Sutherland, C. H. V. (1984) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume I: From 31 BC to AD 69; with introductions to the Mints and 32 Plates (2nd ed.), London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RIC II] Mattingly, Harold; Sydenham, Edward A. (1926) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume II: Vespasian to Hadrian; with an Introduction and 16 Plates, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RIC III] Mattingly, Harold; Sydenham, Edward A. (1930) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume III: Antoninus Pius to Commodus; with Historical Introduction to the Reigns and 16 Plates, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RIC IV-1] Mattingly, Harold; Sydenham, Edward A. (1936) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume IV Part I: Pertinax to Geta; with Introductions to the Reigns and 16 Plates, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RIC IV-2] Mattingly, Harold; Sydenham, Edward A.; Sutherland, C. H. V. (1938) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume IV Part II: Macrinus to Pupienus; with Introductions to the Reigns and 13 Plates, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RIC IV-3] Mattingly, Harold; Sydenham, Edward A.; Sutherland, C. H. V. (1949) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume IV Part III: Pertinax to Geta; with Introductions to the Reigns and 16 Plates, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RIC V-1] Webb, Percy H. (1972) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume V Part I: With an Introduction and 12 Plates, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RIC V-2] Webb, Percy H. (1972) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume V Part II: With Introductions to the Reigns and 20 Plates, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RIC VI] Sutherland, C. H. V. (1967) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume VI: From Diocletian's reform (A.D. 294) to the death of Maximinus (A.D. 313); with Introductions to the Mints and 16 Plates, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RIC VII] Bruun, Patrick M. (1966) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume VII: Constantine and Licinius A.D. 313-337; with Introductions to the Mints and 24 Plates, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RIC VIII] Kent, J. P. C. (1981) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume VIII: The Family of Constantine I A.D. 337-364, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RIC IX] Pearce, J. W. E. (1951) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume IX: Valentinian I-Theodosius I; with Introductions to the Mints and 16 Plates, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RIC X] Kent, J. P. C. (1994) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume X: The Divided Empire and the Fall of the Western Parts AD 395-491, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
Funck, Walter; Müller, Ralf; Peltzer, Wolfgang (2012) Die deutschen Notmünzen. Alle amtlichen Ausgaben und deren Varianten der Städte, Gemeinden, Kreise, Länder etc. (8th ed.), Regenstauf: H. Gietl Verlag & Publikationsservice GmbH
Schön, Gerhard (2022) Weltmünzkatalog 20. Jahrhundert. Von 1901 bis 2000; Auswärtige Umlaufmünzen bis 2017 (47th ed.), Regenstauf: Battenberg Gietl Verlag GmbH
[AKS] Arnold, Paul; Küthmann, Harald; Steinhilber, Dirk; Faßbender, Dieter (2019) 2020 Großer Deutscher Münzkatalog. Von 1800 bis Heute (35th ed.), Regenstauf: Battenberg Gietl Verlag GmbH
[Schön Euro] Schön, Gerhard (2019) Euro Münzkatalog. Die Münzen der Europäischen Währungsunion 1999-2019 (18th ed.), Regenstauf: Battenberg Gietl Verlag GmbH
[Schön DM] Schön, Gerhard (2019) Deutscher Münzkatalog 18. Jahrhundert. Von 1700 bis 1806 (5th ed.), Regenstauf: Battenberg Gietl Verlag GmbH
Hartill, David (2017) Cast Chinese Coins. A Historical Catalogue (2nd ed.), London: New Generation Publishing
Notaphily:
[P] Schmidt, Tracy L. (2016) Standard Catalog of World Paper Money. General Issues 1368-1960 (16th ed.), Iola: Krause Publications
[P] Schmidt, Tracy L. (2019) Standard Catalog of World Paper Money. Modern Issues 1961-Present (25th ed.), Stevens Point: Krause Publications
[P] Cuhaj, George S. (2013) Standard Catalog of World Paper Money. Specialized Issues (12th ed.), Iola: Krause Publications
[DeNG 1] Grabowski, Hans-Ludwig; Mehl, Manfred (2009) Deutsches Notgeld. Band 1: Deutsche Serienscheine 1918-1922 (A-K) (3rd ed.), Regenstauf: H. Gietl Verlag & Publikationsservice GmbH
[DeNG 2] Grabowski, Hans-Ludwig; Mehl, Manfred (2009) Deutsches Notgeld. Band 2: Deutsche Serienscheine 1918-1922 (L-Z) (3rd ed.), Regenstauf: H. Gietl Verlag & Publikationsservice GmbH
[DeNG 4] Müller, Manfred (2010) Deutsches Notgeld. Band 4: Die Notgeldscheine der deutschen Inflation von August 1922 bis Juni 1923 (3rd ed.), Regenstauf: H. Gietl Verlag & Publikationsservice GmbH
[DeNG 5] Grabowski, Hans-Ludwig (2004) Deutsches Notgeld. Band 5: Deutsche Kleingeldscheine. Amtliche Verkehrsausgaben 1916-1922 (Aachen-Lingen), Regenstauf: H. Gietl Verlag & Publikationsservice GmbH
[DeNG 6] Grabowski, Hans-Ludwig (2004) Deutsches Notgeld. Band 6: Deutsche Kleingeldscheine. Amtliche Verkehrsausgaben 1916-1922 (Linnich-Zwickau), Regenstauf: H. Gietl Verlag & Publikationsservice GmbH
[DeNG 7] Keller, Arnold (2004) Deutsches Notgeld. Band 7: Das Notgeld der deutschen Inflation 1923 (Aachen-Lindenberg), Regenstauf: H. Gietl Verlag & Publikationsservice GmbH
[DeNG 8] Keller, Arnold (2004) Deutsches Notgeld. Band 8: Das Notgeld der deutschen Inflation 1923 (Lindenthal-Zwota), Regenstauf: H. Gietl Verlag & Publikationsservice GmbH
[DeNG 10] Grabowski, Hans-Ludwig (2006) Deutsches Notgeld. Band 10: Das Papiergeld der deutschen Länder 1871-1948. Die Banknoten und Notgeldscheine der deutschen Länder, Provinzen und Bezirke (2nd ed.), Regenstauf: H. Gietl Verlag & Publikationsservice GmbH
Genealogy:
Maxeiner, Dieter (2008) Ortsfamilienbuch Kirchspiel Habenscheid; mit den Gemeinden Biebrich, Steinsberg und Wasenbach und dem Schönborner Ortsteil Bärbach 1702 bis 1900, Habenscheid: Evangelische Kirchengemeinde Habenscheid (I will not take pictures or give out info; I will only provide contact information for the author, as the book is still available for purchase)
Maxeiner, Dieter (2008) Ortsfamilienbuch der Gemeinde Schönborn 1637 bis 1900, Schönborn: Evangelische Kirchengemeinde Schönborn (I will not take pictures or give out info; I will only provide contact information for the author, as the book is still available for purchase)
Stahl, Karl Joseph (1967) Orts-Sippenregister des Kirchspiels Lahr im Westerwald. Band I: Das sind die Dörfer Ellar, Fussingen, Hausen, Hintermeilingen, Lahr und Waldernbach; zusammengestellt 1965-1967 nach den noch vorhandenen Archivalien im Pfarrarchiv zu Lahr aus der Zeit vor dem Jahre 1700, Hadamar
Stahl, Karl Joseph (1981) Orts-Sippenregister des Kirchspiels Lahr im Westerwald für das 18. Jahrhundert 1700-1760. Band II: Es sind die Dörfer Ellar, Fussingen, Hausen, Hintermeilingen, Lahr, Waldernbach, Hadamar
Stahl, Karl Joseph (1978) Orts-Sippenregister des Kirchspiels Lahr im Westerwald für das 18. Jahrhundert 1759-1796. Band III: Es sind die Dörfer Ellar, Fussingen, Hausen, Hintermeilingen, Lahr, Waldernbach, Hadamar
Stahl, Karl Joseph (1985) Ortssippenbuch der Familien des Kirchspiels Niederzeuzheim 1647-1800; das sind die Dörfer Niederzeuzheim, Oberzeuzheim, Thalheim, Heuchelheim, Hangenmeilingen, Hadamar
Buß, Gerold (1997) Familienbuch Eberstadt Kr. Gießen. Familienbuch der evangelisch-reformierten Kirchengemeinde ab 1670, Darmstadt: Hessische familiengeschichtliche Vereinigung e.V.
Buß, Gerold (2006) Familienbuch Muschenheim mit Birklar, Darmstadt: Hessische familiengeschichtliche Vereinigung e.V.
Dietrich, Ingeborg; Dollwet, Jochen (1996) Das Klarenthaler Kirchenbuch 1722-1817, Wiesbaden: Magistrat der Landeshauptstadt Wiesbaden, Stadtarchiv, Gesamtkirchenvorstand der Evangelischen Gesamtgemeinde Wiesbaden, Kirchengemeindeamt
Heraldry:
Stadler, Klemens (1964) Deutsche Wappen. Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Band 1: Die Landkreiswappen, Bremen: Angelsachsen-Verlag
Stadler, Klemens (1966) Deutsche Wappen. Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Band 2: Die Gemeindewappen von Rheinland-Pfalz und Saarland, Bremen, Hamburg, Westberlin. Nachträge und Berichtigungen zu Band 1, Bremen: Angelsachsen-Verlag
Stadler, Klemens (1967) Deutsche Wappen. Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Band 3: Die Gemeindewappen des Landes Hessen, Bremen: Angelsachsen-Verlag
Stadler, Klemens (1965) Deutsche Wappen. Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Band 4: Die Gemeindewappen des Freistaates Bayern. I. Teil A-L, Bremen: Angelsachsen-Verlag
Stadler, Klemens (1970) Deutsche Wappen. Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Band 5: Die Gemeindewappen der Bundesländer Niedersachsen und Schleswig-Holstein, Bremen: Angelsachsen-Verlag
Stadler, Klemens (1968) Deutsche Wappen. Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Band 6: Die Gemeindewappen des Freistaates Bayern. II. Teil M-Z. Nachträge zu Band 4 und 6, Bremen: Angelsachsen-Verlag
Stadler, Klemens (1972) Deutsche Wappen. Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Band 7: Die Gemeindewappen des Bundeslandes Nordrhein-Westfalen. Nachträge und Berichtigungen zu Band 1, Bremen: Angelsachsen-Verlag
Stadler, Klemens (1971) Deutsche Wappen. Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Band 8: Die Gemeindewappen des Bundeslandes Baden-Württemberg, Bremen: Angelsachsen-Verlag
Knodt, Hermann; Ritt, Heinz; Demandt, Dr. Karl E.; Renkhoff, Dr. Otto (1956) Hessisches Wappenbuch. Hessisches Ortswappenbuch. Doppel-Band 1 und 2; bearbeitet im Auftrage des Staatsarchivs zu Wiesbaden, Glücksburg/Ostsee: C. A. Starke Verlag
History:
Pollmann, Wolfgang (1998) Burgen, Bürger & Behörden. Mittelalter und Gegenwart am Beispiel der Geroldsteiner Burgen, Lorch
Gräfe, Marlis; Post, Bernhard; Schneider, Andreas (2009) Quellen zur Geschichte Thüringens. Die Geheime Staatspolizei im NS-Gau Thüringen 1933-1945. I. Halbband (5th ed.), Erfurt: Landeszentrale für politische Bildung Thüringen
Gräfe, Marlis; Post, Bernhard; Schneider, Andreas (2004) Quellen zur Geschichte Thüringens. Die Geheime Staatspolizei im NS-Gau Thüringen 1933-1945. II. Halbband, Erfurt: Landeszentrale für politische Bildung Thüringen
Facsimiles:
Niemeyer, Wilhelm (1961), Kassel: Bärenreiter-Verlag: Dilich, Wilhelm (1605) Hessische Chronica, Kassel: Wilhelm Wessel
Niemeyer, Wilhelm (1966), Kassel: Bärenreiter-Verlag: Merian, Matthäus; Zeiller, Martin (1655) Topographia Hassiae et Regionum Vicinarum. Das ist Beschreibung vnnd eygentliche Abbildung der vornehmsten Stätte vnd Plätze in Hessen vnnd denen benachbarten Landschafften als Buchen, Weteraw, Westerwaldt, Löhngaw, Nassaw, Solms, Hanaw, Witgenstein vnd andern (2nd ed.), Frankfurt am Main: Merianische Erben
Antique novels and other books:
Ettighoffer, P. C. (1936) Verdun. Das große Gericht, Gürtersloh: Verlag C. Bertelsmann
Kohl, Hermann (1939) Deutsche Flieger über Spanien, Reutlingen: Enßlin & Laiblin
submitted by Srybutimtoolazy to u/Srybutimtoolazy [link] [comments]
[DOC I] Bellinger, Alfred R. (1992) Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. Volume One: Anastasius I to Maurice 491-602 (2nd ed.), Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
[DOC II-1] Grierson, Philip (1993) Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. Volume Two: Phocas to Theodosius III 602-717. Part 1: Phocas and Heraclius (602-641) (2nd ed.), Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
[DOC II-2] Grierson, Philip (1993) Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. Volume Two: Phocas to Theodosius III 602-717. Part 2: Heraclius Constantine to Theodosius III (641-717) (2nd ed.), Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
[DOC III-1] Grierson, Philip (1993) Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. Volume Three: Leo III to Nicephorus III 717-1081. Part 1: Leo III to Michael III (717-867) (2nd ed.), Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
[DOC III-2] Grierson, Philip (1993) Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. Volume Three: Leo III to Nicephorus III 717-1081. Part 2: Basil I to Nicephorus III (867-1081) (2nd ed.), Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
[DOC IV-1] Hendy, Michael F. (1999) Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. Volume Four: Alexius I to Michael VIII 1081-1261. Part 1: Alexius I to Alexius V (1081-1204), Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
[DOC IV-2] Hendy, Michael F. (1999) Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. Volume Four: Alexius I to Michael VIII 1081-1261. Part 2: The Emperors of Nicaea and Their Contemporaries (1204-1261), Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
[DOC V-1] Grierson, Philip (1999) Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. Volume Five: Michael VIII to Constantine XI 1258-1453. Part I: Introduction, Appendices, and Bibliography, Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
[DOC V-2] Grierson, Philip (1999) Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. Volume Five: Michael VIII to Constantine XI 1258-1453. Part II: Catalogue, Concordances, and Indexes, Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
[BCV] Sear, David R. (1987) Byzantine Coins and their Values (2nd ed.), London: B. A. Seaby Ltd.
[GCV I] Sear, David R. (1978) Greek Coins and their Values. Volume I: Europe. Coins of Spain, Gaul, Italy, Sicily, the Balkan lands, Greece, the Cyclades and Crete; also the Celtic issues of Western and Central Europe (2nd ed.), London: Seaby Publications Ltd.
[GCV II] Sear, David R. (1979) Greek Coins and their Values. Volume II: Asia and North Africa (2nd ed.), London: Seaby Publications Ltd.
[GICV] Sear, David R. (2001) Greek Imperial Coins and their Values. The Local Coinages of the Roman Empire, London: Seaby Publications Ltd.
[ÉH I] Emil, Dr. Unger (1997) Magyar Éremhatározó. I. kötet (1000-1540) / Ungarischer Münzbestimmer. Band I. (1000-1540), Budapest: Ajtósi Dürer Könyvkiadó
[ÉH II] Emil, Dr. Unger (2000) Magyar Éremhatározó. II. kötet (1526-1740) / Ungarischer Münzbestimmer. Band II. (1526-1740), Budapest: Ajtósi Dürer Könyvkiadó
[ÉH III] Emil, Dr. Unger (2001) Magyar Éremhatározó. III. kötet (1740-1922) / Ungarischer Münzbestimmer. Band III. (1740-1922), Budapest: Ajtósi Dürer Könyvkiadó
[MB] Nicol, N. Douglas; Cuhaj, George S.; Michael, Thomas (2011) Standard Catalog of German Coins 1501-Present (3rd ed.), Iola: Krause Publications
[KM] Michael, Thomas; Schmidt, Tracy L. (2018) Standard Catalog of World Coins 1601-1700 (7th ed.), Iola: Krause Publications
[KM] Michael, Thomas (2016) Standard Catalog of World Coins 1701-1800 (7th ed.), Iola: Krause Publications
[KM] Michael, Thomas (2015) Standard Catalog of World Coins 1801-1900 (8th ed.), Iola: Krause Publications
[KM] Michael, Thomas; Schmidt, Tracy L. (2019) 2020 Standard Catalog of World Coins 1901-2000 (47th ed.), Stevens Point: Krause Publications
[KM] Michael, Thomas; Schmidt, Tracy L. (2018) 2019 Standard Catalog of World Coins 2001-Date (13th ed.), Stevens Point: Krause Publications
[X] Cuhaj, George S.; Michael, Thomas (2011) Unusual World Coins. Companion Volume to the Standard Catalog of World Coins (6th ed.), Iola: Krause Publications
[RCV I] Sear, David R. (2000) Roman Coins and Their Values. Volume I: The Republic and The Twelve Caesars 280 BC-AD 96, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RCV II] Sear, David R. (2002) Roman Coins and Their Values. Volume II: The Accession of Nerva to the overthrow of the Severan dynasty AD 96-AD 235, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RCV III] Sear, David R. (2005) Roman Coins and Their Values. Volume III: The 3rd century crisis and reovery AD 235-285, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RCV IV] Sear, David R. (2011) Roman Coins and Their Values. Volume IV: The Tetrarchies and the rise of the House of Constantine AD 284-337, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RCV V] Sear, David R. (2014) Roman Coins and Their Values. Volume V: The Christian Empire. The Late Constantinian Dynasty and the Houses of Valentinian and Theodosius and their successors, Constantine II to Zeno AD 337-491, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RRC I] Crawford, Michael H. (1991) Roman Republican Coinage I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
[RRC II] Crawford, Michael H. (2008) Roman Republican Coinage II, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
[RSC I] Seaby, H. A.; Sear, David R.; Loosley, Robert (1989) Roman Silver Coins. Volume I: The Republic to Augustus (3rd ed.), London: Seaby Publications Ltd.
[RSC II] Seaby, H. A.; Sear, David R.; Loosley, Robert (1979) Roman Silver Coins. Volume II: Tiberius to Commodus; arranged according to Cohen (3rd ed.), London: Seaby Publications Ltd.
[RSC III] Seaby, H. A.; Loosley, Robert (1982) Roman Silver Coins. Volume III: Pertinax to Balbinus and Pupienus; arranged according to Cohen (2nd ed.), London: Seaby Publications Ltd.
[RSC IV] Seaby, H. A.; Sear, David R. (1982) Roman Silver Coins. Volume IV: Gordian III to Postumus; arranged according to Cohen (2nd ed.), London: Seaby Publications Ltd.
[RSC V] Seaby, H. A.; King, C. E.; Sear, David R. (1987) Roman Silver Coins. Volume V: Carausius to Romulus Augustus; arranged according to Cohen, London: Seaby Publications Ltd.
[RIC I] Sutherland, C. H. V. (1984) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume I: From 31 BC to AD 69; with introductions to the Mints and 32 Plates (2nd ed.), London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RIC II] Mattingly, Harold; Sydenham, Edward A. (1926) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume II: Vespasian to Hadrian; with an Introduction and 16 Plates, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RIC III] Mattingly, Harold; Sydenham, Edward A. (1930) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume III: Antoninus Pius to Commodus; with Historical Introduction to the Reigns and 16 Plates, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RIC IV-1] Mattingly, Harold; Sydenham, Edward A. (1936) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume IV Part I: Pertinax to Geta; with Introductions to the Reigns and 16 Plates, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RIC IV-2] Mattingly, Harold; Sydenham, Edward A.; Sutherland, C. H. V. (1938) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume IV Part II: Macrinus to Pupienus; with Introductions to the Reigns and 13 Plates, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RIC IV-3] Mattingly, Harold; Sydenham, Edward A.; Sutherland, C. H. V. (1949) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume IV Part III: Pertinax to Geta; with Introductions to the Reigns and 16 Plates, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RIC V-1] Webb, Percy H. (1972) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume V Part I: With an Introduction and 12 Plates, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RIC V-2] Webb, Percy H. (1972) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume V Part II: With Introductions to the Reigns and 20 Plates, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RIC VI] Sutherland, C. H. V. (1967) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume VI: From Diocletian's reform (A.D. 294) to the death of Maximinus (A.D. 313); with Introductions to the Mints and 16 Plates, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RIC VII] Bruun, Patrick M. (1966) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume VII: Constantine and Licinius A.D. 313-337; with Introductions to the Mints and 24 Plates, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RIC VIII] Kent, J. P. C. (1981) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume VIII: The Family of Constantine I A.D. 337-364, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RIC IX] Pearce, J. W. E. (1951) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume IX: Valentinian I-Theodosius I; with Introductions to the Mints and 16 Plates, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
[RIC X] Kent, J. P. C. (1994) The Roman Imperial Coinage. Volume X: The Divided Empire and the Fall of the Western Parts AD 395-491, London: Spink and Son Ltd.
Funck, Walter; Müller, Ralf; Peltzer, Wolfgang (2012) Die deutschen Notmünzen. Alle amtlichen Ausgaben und deren Varianten der Städte, Gemeinden, Kreise, Länder etc. (8th ed.), Regenstauf: H. Gietl Verlag & Publikationsservice GmbH
Schön, Gerhard (2022) Weltmünzkatalog 20. Jahrhundert. Von 1901 bis 2000; Auswärtige Umlaufmünzen bis 2017 (47th ed.), Regenstauf: Battenberg Gietl Verlag GmbH
[AKS] Arnold, Paul; Küthmann, Harald; Steinhilber, Dirk; Faßbender, Dieter (2019) 2020 Großer Deutscher Münzkatalog. Von 1800 bis Heute (35th ed.), Regenstauf: Battenberg Gietl Verlag GmbH
[Schön Euro] Schön, Gerhard (2019) Euro Münzkatalog. Die Münzen der Europäischen Währungsunion 1999-2019 (18th ed.), Regenstauf: Battenberg Gietl Verlag GmbH
[Schön DM] Schön, Gerhard (2019) Deutscher Münzkatalog 18. Jahrhundert. Von 1700 bis 1806 (5th ed.), Regenstauf: Battenberg Gietl Verlag GmbH
Hartill, David (2017) Cast Chinese Coins. A Historical Catalogue (2nd ed.), London: New Generation Publishing
[P] Schmidt, Tracy L. (2016) Standard Catalog of World Paper Money. General Issues 1368-1960 (16th ed.), Iola: Krause Publications
[P] Schmidt, Tracy L. (2019) Standard Catalog of World Paper Money. Modern Issues 1961-Present (25th ed.), Stevens Point: Krause Publications
[P] Cuhaj, George S. (2013) Standard Catalog of World Paper Money. Specialized Issues (12th ed.), Iola: Krause Publications
[DeNG 1] Grabowski, Hans-Ludwig; Mehl, Manfred (2009) Deutsches Notgeld. Band 1: Deutsche Serienscheine 1918-1922 (A-K) (3rd ed.), Regenstauf: H. Gietl Verlag & Publikationsservice GmbH
[DeNG 2] Grabowski, Hans-Ludwig; Mehl, Manfred (2009) Deutsches Notgeld. Band 2: Deutsche Serienscheine 1918-1922 (L-Z) (3rd ed.), Regenstauf: H. Gietl Verlag & Publikationsservice GmbH
[DeNG 4] Müller, Manfred (2010) Deutsches Notgeld. Band 4: Die Notgeldscheine der deutschen Inflation von August 1922 bis Juni 1923 (3rd ed.), Regenstauf: H. Gietl Verlag & Publikationsservice GmbH
[DeNG 5] Grabowski, Hans-Ludwig (2004) Deutsches Notgeld. Band 5: Deutsche Kleingeldscheine. Amtliche Verkehrsausgaben 1916-1922 (Aachen-Lingen), Regenstauf: H. Gietl Verlag & Publikationsservice GmbH
[DeNG 6] Grabowski, Hans-Ludwig (2004) Deutsches Notgeld. Band 6: Deutsche Kleingeldscheine. Amtliche Verkehrsausgaben 1916-1922 (Linnich-Zwickau), Regenstauf: H. Gietl Verlag & Publikationsservice GmbH
[DeNG 7] Keller, Arnold (2004) Deutsches Notgeld. Band 7: Das Notgeld der deutschen Inflation 1923 (Aachen-Lindenberg), Regenstauf: H. Gietl Verlag & Publikationsservice GmbH
[DeNG 8] Keller, Arnold (2004) Deutsches Notgeld. Band 8: Das Notgeld der deutschen Inflation 1923 (Lindenthal-Zwota), Regenstauf: H. Gietl Verlag & Publikationsservice GmbH
[DeNG 10] Grabowski, Hans-Ludwig (2006) Deutsches Notgeld. Band 10: Das Papiergeld der deutschen Länder 1871-1948. Die Banknoten und Notgeldscheine der deutschen Länder, Provinzen und Bezirke (2nd ed.), Regenstauf: H. Gietl Verlag & Publikationsservice GmbH
Maxeiner, Dieter (2008) Ortsfamilienbuch Kirchspiel Habenscheid; mit den Gemeinden Biebrich, Steinsberg und Wasenbach und dem Schönborner Ortsteil Bärbach 1702 bis 1900, Habenscheid: Evangelische Kirchengemeinde Habenscheid (I will not take pictures or give out info; I will only provide contact information for the author, as the book is still available for purchase)
Maxeiner, Dieter (2008) Ortsfamilienbuch der Gemeinde Schönborn 1637 bis 1900, Schönborn: Evangelische Kirchengemeinde Schönborn (I will not take pictures or give out info; I will only provide contact information for the author, as the book is still available for purchase)
Stahl, Karl Joseph (1967) Orts-Sippenregister des Kirchspiels Lahr im Westerwald. Band I: Das sind die Dörfer Ellar, Fussingen, Hausen, Hintermeilingen, Lahr und Waldernbach; zusammengestellt 1965-1967 nach den noch vorhandenen Archivalien im Pfarrarchiv zu Lahr aus der Zeit vor dem Jahre 1700, Hadamar
Stahl, Karl Joseph (1981) Orts-Sippenregister des Kirchspiels Lahr im Westerwald für das 18. Jahrhundert 1700-1760. Band II: Es sind die Dörfer Ellar, Fussingen, Hausen, Hintermeilingen, Lahr, Waldernbach, Hadamar
Stahl, Karl Joseph (1978) Orts-Sippenregister des Kirchspiels Lahr im Westerwald für das 18. Jahrhundert 1759-1796. Band III: Es sind die Dörfer Ellar, Fussingen, Hausen, Hintermeilingen, Lahr, Waldernbach, Hadamar
Stahl, Karl Joseph (1985) Ortssippenbuch der Familien des Kirchspiels Niederzeuzheim 1647-1800; das sind die Dörfer Niederzeuzheim, Oberzeuzheim, Thalheim, Heuchelheim, Hangenmeilingen, Hadamar
Buß, Gerold (1997) Familienbuch Eberstadt Kr. Gießen. Familienbuch der evangelisch-reformierten Kirchengemeinde ab 1670, Darmstadt: Hessische familiengeschichtliche Vereinigung e.V.
Buß, Gerold (2006) Familienbuch Muschenheim mit Birklar, Darmstadt: Hessische familiengeschichtliche Vereinigung e.V.
Dietrich, Ingeborg; Dollwet, Jochen (1996) Das Klarenthaler Kirchenbuch 1722-1817, Wiesbaden: Magistrat der Landeshauptstadt Wiesbaden, Stadtarchiv, Gesamtkirchenvorstand der Evangelischen Gesamtgemeinde Wiesbaden, Kirchengemeindeamt
Stadler, Klemens (1964) Deutsche Wappen. Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Band 1: Die Landkreiswappen, Bremen: Angelsachsen-Verlag
Stadler, Klemens (1966) Deutsche Wappen. Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Band 2: Die Gemeindewappen von Rheinland-Pfalz und Saarland, Bremen, Hamburg, Westberlin. Nachträge und Berichtigungen zu Band 1, Bremen: Angelsachsen-Verlag
Stadler, Klemens (1967) Deutsche Wappen. Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Band 3: Die Gemeindewappen des Landes Hessen, Bremen: Angelsachsen-Verlag
Stadler, Klemens (1965) Deutsche Wappen. Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Band 4: Die Gemeindewappen des Freistaates Bayern. I. Teil A-L, Bremen: Angelsachsen-Verlag
Stadler, Klemens (1970) Deutsche Wappen. Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Band 5: Die Gemeindewappen der Bundesländer Niedersachsen und Schleswig-Holstein, Bremen: Angelsachsen-Verlag
Stadler, Klemens (1968) Deutsche Wappen. Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Band 6: Die Gemeindewappen des Freistaates Bayern. II. Teil M-Z. Nachträge zu Band 4 und 6, Bremen: Angelsachsen-Verlag
Stadler, Klemens (1972) Deutsche Wappen. Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Band 7: Die Gemeindewappen des Bundeslandes Nordrhein-Westfalen. Nachträge und Berichtigungen zu Band 1, Bremen: Angelsachsen-Verlag
Stadler, Klemens (1971) Deutsche Wappen. Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Band 8: Die Gemeindewappen des Bundeslandes Baden-Württemberg, Bremen: Angelsachsen-Verlag
Knodt, Hermann; Ritt, Heinz; Demandt, Dr. Karl E.; Renkhoff, Dr. Otto (1956) Hessisches Wappenbuch. Hessisches Ortswappenbuch. Doppel-Band 1 und 2; bearbeitet im Auftrage des Staatsarchivs zu Wiesbaden, Glücksburg/Ostsee: C. A. Starke Verlag
Pollmann, Wolfgang (1998) Burgen, Bürger & Behörden. Mittelalter und Gegenwart am Beispiel der Geroldsteiner Burgen, Lorch
Gräfe, Marlis; Post, Bernhard; Schneider, Andreas (2009) Quellen zur Geschichte Thüringens. Die Geheime Staatspolizei im NS-Gau Thüringen 1933-1945. I. Halbband (5th ed.), Erfurt: Landeszentrale für politische Bildung Thüringen
Gräfe, Marlis; Post, Bernhard; Schneider, Andreas (2004) Quellen zur Geschichte Thüringens. Die Geheime Staatspolizei im NS-Gau Thüringen 1933-1945. II. Halbband, Erfurt: Landeszentrale für politische Bildung Thüringen
Niemeyer, Wilhelm (1961), Kassel: Bärenreiter-Verlag: Dilich, Wilhelm (1605) Hessische Chronica, Kassel: Wilhelm Wessel
Niemeyer, Wilhelm (1966), Kassel: Bärenreiter-Verlag: Merian, Matthäus; Zeiller, Martin (1655) Topographia Hassiae et Regionum Vicinarum. Das ist Beschreibung vnnd eygentliche Abbildung der vornehmsten Stätte vnd Plätze in Hessen vnnd denen benachbarten Landschafften als Buchen, Weteraw, Westerwaldt, Löhngaw, Nassaw, Solms, Hanaw, Witgenstein vnd andern (2nd ed.), Frankfurt am Main: Merianische Erben
Ettighoffer, P. C. (1936) Verdun. Das große Gericht, Gürtersloh: Verlag C. Bertelsmann
Kohl, Hermann (1939) Deutsche Flieger über Spanien, Reutlingen: Enßlin & Laiblin
2024.03.31 22:34 subredditsummarybot Your weekly /r/80sMusic roundup for the week of March 24 - March 30, 2024
Sunday, March 24 - Saturday, March 30, 2024
submitted by subredditsummarybot to 80smusic [link] [comments]
Top Posts
Most Commented Posts
| score | comments | title & link | mirrors |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19 | 85 comments | [Discussion :table_flip:] Pick your favorite 80s rock frontmen | |
| 106 | 36 comments | [Other :hamster:] Local Radio Station is Doing an All 80s Long Weekend | |
| 2 | 32 comments | T or F? Remastered versions are created mainly just to extend the copyright term of the original sound recording (by creating an often indistinguishable “new” version)…. | |
| 0 | 23 comments | [Discussion :table_flip:] Why are the Eurythmics and especially Annie Lennox so anti prolific? | |
| 110 | 20 comments | Wham! performing “A Ray of Sunshine” on The Tube in 1983….at only 19 years old, George Michael was already a meteor…his writing in his early years were heavily influenced by American disco…and his musical sensibilites would evolve into much more introspective, soulful writing…but I love this era |
2024.03.24 02:34 Wildcat2517 No Spark
 | I have this 1980-81 Sears Gamefisher 7.5hp motor. It was given to me and I have some issues with it. First thing I did was rebuild the carb, seems to get fuel fine, wouldn’t hit at all. Checked spark, absolutely nothing. Pulled flywheel. A wire was broke, it was fixed, points were off, readjusted to 0.20 where it’s supposed to be, new spark plug, new wire, new coil, all rust cleaned off contact surfaces and inside the fly wheel, nothing. The only thing I haven’t done is replace the condenser and points which seem to only come with another coil, however both look absolutely fine. I have no idea why it’s not hitting at all. I’m about to buy a Chris Craft 5.5hp due to it being a better condition motor but I’m not ready to give up on this thing. Any ideas. I’ve heard of condensers being iffy and still giving some spark but at this point in time you can hold the spark plug with no chance of getting shocked. (Photos are before repairs were made.) submitted by Wildcat2517 to boating [link] [comments] |
2024.03.23 20:44 WUTONG01 DAY 13~ METS AUTO CHASE🫱🏾🫲🏻🗽🍎🔥
 | Went to target and found they had Hangers for $10😳 Grabbed the last 4 and hauled ass to work😂 Hangers definitely are Bangers🔥🔥🔥 submitted by WUTONG01 to baseballcards [link] [comments] |
2024.03.09 15:05 subredditsummarybot Your weekly /r/ClassicRock roundup for the week of March 02 - March 08, 2024
Saturday, March 02 - Friday, March 08, 2024
submitted by subredditsummarybot to ClassicRock [link] [comments]
Top 60s
| score | comments | title & link | mirrors |
|---|---|---|---|
| 134 | 962 comments | [60s] The last Classic rock song you listened to will now be played at your funeral… | |
| 113 | 5 comments | [1967] Jimi Hendrix, 1967. Photo by Barrie Wentzell. | |
| 73 | 13 comments | [1964] On March 6th, 1964, The Rolling Stones released their first single in the United States. "Not Fade Away" was a Buddy Holly cover that charted to #48. The flipside wad "I Wanna Be Your Man". | |
| 24 | 3 comments | [1967] The Beatles - Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds | [Sp] [AM] [Dzr] [SC] |
| 16 | 4 comments | [1968] The Byrds - Drug Store Truck Drivin' Man | [Sp] [AM] [BC] [Dzr] [SC] |
Top 70s
Top 80s
| score | comments | title & link | mirrors |
|---|---|---|---|
| 343 | 50 comments | [80s] Scorpions live (1980s) | |
| 163 | 28 comments | [1989] Cozy Powell in front of Tony Iommi's house (1989) | |
| 124 | 16 comments | [80s] Don Henley - Dirty Laundry | |
| 114 | 17 comments | [1980] Pete Townshend- "Let My Love Open the Door" | [Sp] [AM] [BC] [Dzr] [SC] |
| 91 | 14 comments | [1983] Mick Jagger & David Bowie, 1983. Photo by Dennis O'Regan |
Top Remaining
| score | comments | title & link | mirrors |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1,194 | 118 comments | Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr reunited for Stella McCartney's runaway show in Paris (4th March 2024) | |
| 1,192 | 69 comments | Happy Birthday to David Gilmour who turned 78 today | |
| 668 | 100 comments | Graham Nash, Neil Young, David Crosby & Stephen Stills, remembering Old Times | |
| 527 | 287 comments | paint it black | |
| 401 | 53 comments | Emerson, Lake & Palmer |
Top 5 Most Commented
| score | comments | title & link | mirrors |
|---|---|---|---|
| 143 | 556 comments | Which bands released their widely considered Worst album right after releasing their widely considered Best album? | |
| 312 | 451 comments | How did 'Frampton Comes Alive' sell so well while the studio records those songs came from sold literally nothing? | |
| 329 | 379 comments | “Wish I didn’t know now what I didn’t know then”…. | |
| 33 | 139 comments | If you could turn one concept album into a stage musical, what would it be? | |
| 36 | 99 comments | What songs by Roxy Music could you recommend me to start out with? |
2024.03.07 22:29 worldarchitect91 MVP by year, if analytics could vote
EDIT: Adding in players listed by MVP shares at the bottom.
How MVP voting works: My understanding of the current system is voters are asked to provide five players on their ballots ranked 1-5. Points are distributed as follows:
1st - 10 points
2nd - 7 points
3rd - 5 points
4th - 3 points
5th - 1 point
And then the points are totaled across all ballots to find the winner. So I thought it would be interesting to tally MVP votes this way if different advanced stats were the voters instead.
The voters:
Edit: All actual MVP winners from that year are in bold. Seems like it’s not working for some.
The results:
Most MVPs:
The number by the year is the number of “voters” I used and the number beside the player is the points they received that year. If the number 1 vote getter has exactly 10x more points than voters, it was a unanimous MVP.
2023 - 8 1. Nikola Jokic - 67 2. Joel Embiid - 52 3. Jimmy Butler - 25 4. Luka Doncic - 23 5. Giannis Antetokounmpo - 13 6. Domantas Sabonis - 7 7. De’Aaron Fox - 7 8. Lauri Markkanen - 5 9. Anthony Davis - 5 10. Shai Gilgeous-Alexander - 2 11. Jayson Tatum - 1 12. DeMar DeRozan - 1
2022 - 8 1. Nikola Jokic - 77 2. Giannis Antetokounmpo - 47 3. Joel Embiid - 32 4. DeMar DeRozan - 10 5. Rudy Gobert - 8 6. Jayson Tatum - 8 7. Luka Doncic - 6 8. LeBron James - 5 9. Stephen Curry - 4 10. Trae Young - 3 11. Robert Williams - 3 12. Karl-Anthony Towns - 3 13. Kevin Durant - 1 14. Dejounte Murray - 1
2021 - 8 1. Nikola Jokic - 73 2. Giannis Antetokounmpo - 31 3. Joel Embiid - 19 4. Stephen Curry - 19 5. Rudy Gobert - 17 6. Damian Lillard - 12 7. Jimmy Butler - 8 8. Zion Williamson - 8 9. Russell Westbrook - 7 10. Luka Doncic - 4 11. Nikola Vucevic - 3 12. LeBron James - 3 13. Paul George - 3 14. Jayson Tatum - 1
2020 - 8 1. James Harden - 65 2. Giannis Antetokounmpo - 56 3. LeBron James - 21 4. Anthony Davis - 18 5. Damian Lillard - 15 6. Kawhi Leonard - 13 7. Luka Doncic - 8 8. Nikola Jokic - 4 9. Ivica Zubac - 3 10. Duncan Robinson - 3 11. Chris Paul - 1 12. Mitchell Robinson - 1
2019 - 8 1. James Harden - 66 2. Giannis Antetokounmpo - 52 3. Nikola Jokic - 19 4. Anthony Davis - 18 5. Paul George - 16 6. Stephen Curry - 13 7. Rudy Gobert - 10 8. Joel Embiid - 3 9. Karl-Anthony Towns - 3 10. Kawhi Leonard - 3 11. Damian Lillard - 2 12. LeBron James - 1 13. Clint Capela - 1 14. Nikola Vucevic - 1
2018 - 8 1. James Harden - 57 2. LeBron James - 40 3. Anthony Davis - 27 4. Stephen Curry - 22 5. Chris Paul - 13 6. Karl-Anthony Towns - 10 7. Kevin Durant - 9 8. Russell Westbrook - 8 9. Damian Lillard - 8 10. Victor Oladipo - 5 11. Nikola Jokic - 3 12. Clint Capela - 3 13. Giannis Antetokounmpo - 2 14. Kyrie Irving - 1
2017 - 8 1. Russell Westbrook - 43 2. Kawhi Leonard - 39 3. James Harden - 24 4. Stephen Curry - 20 5. Kevin Durant - 16 6. Chris Paul - 15 7. LeBron James - 14 8. Isaiah Thomas - 10 9. CJ McCollum - 7 10. Karl-Anthony Towns - 5 11. Anthony Davis - 5 12. Rudy Gobert - 3 13. Jimmy Butler - 3 14. Giannis Antetokounmpo - 2 15. Bradley Beal - 1 16. Draymond Green - 1
2016 - 8 1. Stephen Curry - 77 2. Kevin Durant - 34 3. LeBron James - 28 4. Russell Westbrook - 20 5. Kawhi Leonard - 19 6. James Harden - 8 7. Draymond Green - 7 8. JJ Redick - 5 9. Chris Paul - 5 10. Boban Marjanovic - 3 11. Klay Thompson - 3
2015 - 8 1. Stephen Curry - 60 2. Anthony Davis - 46 3. James Harden - 38 4. Chris Paul - 31 5. Russell Westbrook - 13 6. Kawhi Leonard - 5 7. Kyle Korver - 5 8. Kevin Durant - 3 9. DeAndre Jordan - 3 10. Draymond Green - 3 11. Jimmy Butler - 1
2014 - 8 1. Kevin Durant - 80 2. LeBron James - 40 3. Kevin Love - 28 4. Chris Paul - 25 5. Stephen Curry - 18 6. James Harden - 6 7. Anthony Davis - 3 8. Dirk Nowitzki - 3 9. Paul George - 3 10. Blake Griffin - 1 11. DeMarcus Cousins - 1
2013 - 7 1. LeBron James - 67 2. Kevin Durant - 50 3. Chris Paul - 27 4. James Harden - 9 5. Russell Westbrook - 5 6. Ray Allen - 5 7. Carmelo Anthony - 4 8. Tyson Chandler - 3 9. Chris Bosh - 3 10. Mike Conley - 3 11. Stephen Curry - 2 12. Brook Lopez - 1 13. Kobe Bryant - 1 14. Tim Duncan - 1 15. Tony Parker - 1
2012 - 7 1. LeBron James - 60 2. Chris Paul - 50 3. Kevin Durant - 32 4. Dwyane Wade - 13 5. James Harden - 8 6. Blake Griffin - 6 7. Tim Duncan - 5 8. Kevin Love - 4 9. Ryan Anderson - 3 10. Derrick Rose - 1
2011 - 7 1. LeBron James - 56 2. Dwight Howard - 29 3. Chris Paul - 27 4. Dwyane Wade - 11 5. Dirk Nowitzki - 10 6. Derrick Rose - 10 7. Pau Gasol - 8 8. Kevin Love - 8 9. Kevin Durant - 7 10. Ray Allen - 5 11. Manu Ginobli - 4 12. Kevin Martin - 3 13. Kobe Bryant - 1 14. Kevin Garnett - 1 15. Tyson Chandler - 1 16. Blake Griffin - 1
2010 - 7 1. LeBron James - 70 2. Dwyane Wade - 34 3. Kevin Durant - 31 4. Dwight Howard - 15 5. Dirk Nowitzki - 7 6. Chris Bosh - 6 7. Kobe Bryant - 5 8. Manu Ginobli - 3 9. David Lee - 3 10. Tim Duncan - 3 11. Josh Smith - 3 12. Chris Paul - 1 13. Pau Gasol - 1
2009 - 6 1. LeBron James - 60 2. Chris Paul - 33 3. Dwyane Wade - 25 4. Dwight Howard - 11 5. Brandon Roy - 11 6. Danny Granger - 7 7. Kobe Bryant - 6 8. Pau Gasol - 2 9. Ray Allen - 1
2008 - 6 1. LeBron James - 45 2. Chris Paul - 41 3. Amar’e Stoudemire - 21 4. Kevin Garnett - 13 5. Manu Ginobli - 9 6. Kobe Bryant - 8 7. Chauncey Billups - 7 8. Dirk Nowitzki - 6 9. Dwight Howard - 5 10. Rashard Lewis - 1
2007 - 6 1. Dirk Nowitzki - 41 2. Tim Duncan - 19 3. Dwyane Wade - 17 4. Kobe Bryant - 16 5. LeBron James - 16 6. Kevin Garnett - 11 7. Manu Ginobli - 10 8. Steve Nash - 8 9. Yao Ming - 6 10. Mehmet Okur - 5 11. Jason Kidd - 3 12. Gilbert Arenas - 3 13. Rashard Lewis - 1
2006 - 6 1. Dirk Nowitzki - 43 2. LeBron James - 39 3. Kevin Garnett - 19 4. Shawn Marion - 17 5. Kobe Bryant - 14 6. Dwyane Wade - 10 7. Chauncey Billups - 7 8. Elton Brand - 3 9. Ray Allen - 3 10. Manu Ginobli - 1
2005 - 6 1. Kevin Garnett - 47 2. Dirk Nowitzki - 22 3. LeBron James - 21 4. Tim Duncan - 17 5. Damon Jones - 10 6. Amar’e Stoudemire - 7 7. Donyell Marshall - 7 8. Shaquille O’Neal - 5 9. Shawn Marion - 5 10. Kyle Korver - 5 11. Tracy McGrady - 3 12. Fred Hoiberg - 3 13. Manu Ginobli - 2 14. Peja Stojakovic - 1 15. Vince Carter - 1
2004 - 6 1. Kevin Garnett - 50 2. Tim Duncan - 33 3. Andrei Kirilenko - 15 4. Peja Stojakovic - 12 5. Tracy McGrady - 11 6. Reggie Miller - 7 7. Ben Wallace - 5 8. Brian Cardinal - 5 9. Michael Finley - 5 10. Kobe Bryant - 5 11. Shaquille O’Neal - 3 12. Antawn Jamison - 3 13. Sam Cassell - 1 14. James Posey - 1
2003 - 6 1. Tracy McGrady - 43 2. Kevin Garnett - 28 3. Tim Duncan - 23 4. Dirk Nowitzki - 15 5. Shaquille O’Neal - 14 6. Kobe Bryant - 12 7. Michael Redd - 10 8. Reggie Miller - 7 9. Peja Stojakovic - 3 10. Wesley Person - 1
2002 - 6 1. Tim Duncan - 41 2. Shaquille O’Neal - 31 3. Kevin Garnett - 19 4. Dirk Nowitzki - 11 5. Tracy McGrady - 11 6. Wesley Person - 10 7. Elton Brand - 8 8. Reggie Miller - 7 9. Paul Pierce - 6 10. Chris Webber - 3 11. Gary Payton - 3 12. Ray Allen - 3 13. David Robinson - 1 14. Ben Wallace - 1 15. Pat Garrity - 1
2001 - 6 1. Shaquille O’Neal - 44 2. Vince Carter - 24 3. Tracy McGrady - 15 4. David Robinson - 10 5. Ray Allen - 10 6. Dirk Nowitzki - 10 7. Kevin Garnett - 10 8. Karl Malone - 6 9. Tim Duncan - 5 10. Marcus Camby - 5 11. Peja Stojakovic - 5 12. John Stockton - 3 13. Reggie Miller - 3 14. Eric Piatkowski - 1 15. Kobe Bryant - 1 16. Chris Webber - 1
2000 - 6 1. Shaquille O’Neal - 50 2. Karl Malone - 29 3. Gary Payton - 15 4. Kevin Garnett - 11 5. Reggie Miller - 10 6. Alonzo Mourning - 8 7. Dan Majerle - 7 8. David Robinson - 6 9. Vince Carter - 6 10. John Stockton - 6 11. Tim Duncan - 4 12. Terry Mills - 3 13. Tracy Murray - 1
1999 - 6 1. Shaquille O’Neal - 41 2. Karl Malone - 28 3. David Robinson - 18 4. Jason Kidd - 13 5. Dell Curry - 10 6. Dale Ellis - 7 7. Darrell Armstrong - 7 8. Tim Duncan - 5 9. Terry Porter - 5 10. Allen Iverson - 5 11. Alonzo Mourning - 4 12. Gary Payton - 3 13. John Stockton - 3 14. Chris Mullin - 3 15. Grant Hill - 3 16. Sam Mack - 1
1998 - 6 1. Karl Malone - 41 2. David Robinson - 31 3. Michael Jordan - 20 4. Shaquille O’Neal - 16 5. Wesley Person - 10 6. Tim Duncan - 7 7. Reggie Miller - 7 8. Gary Payton - 6 9. Kevin Garnett - 5 10. Dale Ellis - 5 11. Glen Rice - 3 12. John Stockton - 2 13. Patrick Ewing - 1 14. Grant Hill - 1 15. Tracy Murray - 1
1997 - 6 1. Michael Jordan - 44 2. Karl Malone - 39 3. Grant Hill - 23 4. Wesley Person - 10 5. John Stockton - 9 6. Glen Rice - 7 7. Mookie Blaylock - 6 8. Shaquille O’Neal - 5 9. Reggie Miller - 5 10. Charles Barkley - 3 11. Terry Mills - 3 12. Tim Hardaway - 1 13. Chris Gatling - 1 14. Anthony Mason - 1
1996 - 5 1. Michael Jordan - 47 2. David Robinson - 38 3. Karl Malone - 17 4. Terrell Brandon - 10 5. Anfernee Hardaway - 6 6. Shaquille O’Neal - 5 7. Hakeem Olajuwon - 4 8. Penny Hardaway - 1 9. Arvydas Sabonis - 1 10. John Stockton - 1
1995 - 5 1. David Robinson - 50 2. John Stockton - 24 3. Shaquille O’Neal - 19 4. Scottie Pippen - 10 5. Karl Malone - 9 6. Hakeem Olajuwon - 6 7. Charles Barkley - 5 8. Clyde Drexler - 4 9. Detlef Schrempf - 3
1994 - 5 1. David Robinson - 50 2. Shaquille O’Neal - 27 3. John Stockton - 18 4. Hakeem Olajuwon - 16 5. Scottie Pippen - 9 6. Shawn Kemp - 6 7. Karl Malone - 3 8. Reggie Miller - 1
1993 - 5 1. Michael Jordan - 41 2. Hakeem Olajuwon - 32 3. Karl Malone - 23 4. Charles Barkley - 23 5. David Robinson - 8 6. John Stockton - 1 7. Dominique Wilkins - 1 8. Brad Daugherty - 1
1992 - 5 1. Michael Jordan - 50 2. David Robinson - 29 3. John Stockton - 17 4. Karl Malone - 9 5. Clyde Drexler - 9 6. Dennis Rodman - 5 7. Horace Grant - 5 8. Charles Barkley - 4 9. Hakeem Olajuwon - 1 10. Scottie Pippen - 1
1991 - 5 1. Michael Jordan - 50 2. David Robinson - 32 3. Magic Johnson - 21 4. Charles Barkley - 20 5. John Stockton - 7 6. Karl Malone - 4 7. Terry Porter - 1
1990 - 5 1. Michael Jordan - 50 2. Magic Johnson - 29 3. Charles Barkley - 17 4. Karl Malone - 10 5. John Stockton - 10 6. Hakeem Olajuwon - 7 7. David Robinson - 6 8. Clyde Drexler - 3
1989 - 5 1. Michael Jordan - 50 2. Magic Johnson - 33 3. Charles Barkley - 23 4. John Stockton - 14 5. Hakeem Olajuwon - 6 6. Karl Malone - 2 7. Clyde Drexler - 2
1988 - 5 1. Michael Jordan - 50 2. Larry Bird - 31 3. Charles Barkley - 25 4. John Stockton - 16 5. Clyde Drexler - 5 6. Dominique Wilkins - 1 7. Fat Lever - 1 8. Adrian Dantley - 1
1987 - 5 1. Michael Jordan - 47 2. Magic Johnson - 37 3. Larry Bird - 29 4. Charles Barkley - 15 5. Kevin McHale - 3 6. Fat Lever - 3 7. Moses Malone - 1 8. Doc Rivers - 1 9. Dominique Wilkins - 1
1986 - 5 1. Larry Bird - 47 2. Magic Johnson - 27 3. Charles Barkley - 11 4. Michael Jordan - 10 5. Adrian Dantley - 10 6. Paul Pressey - 10 7. Hakeem Olajuwon - 6 8. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 4 9. Kevin McHale - 3 10. Sidney Moncrief - 1 11. Isiah Thomas - 1
1985 - 4 1. Larry Bird - 40 2. Michael Jordan - 26 3. Magic Johnson - 18 4. Isiah Thomas - 8 5. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 6 6. Bernard King - 5 7. Kevin McHale - 1
1984 - 4 1. Larry Bird - 32 2. Adrian Dantley - 21 3. Magic Johnson - 14 4. Julius Erving - 11 5. Bernard King - 7 6. Isiah Thomas - 6 7. Kiki Vandeweghe - 5 8. Sidney Moncrief - 3 9. Mark Aguirre - 3 10. Kevin McHale - 1 11. Bobby Jones - 1
1983 - 4 1. Larry Bird - 30 2. Moses Malone - 20 3. Magic Johnson - 14 4. Sidney Moncrief - 13 5. Julius Erving - 13 6. Adrian Dantley - 7 7. Alex English - 4 8. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 1 9. Robert Parish - 1 10. Maurice Cheeks - 1
1982 - 4 1. Julius Erving - 34 2. Moses Malone - 20 3. Magic Johnson - 18 4. Larry Bird - 10 5. Sidney Moncrief - 5 6. George Gervin - 5 7. Gus Williams - 4 8. Adrian Dantley - 3 9. Artis Gilmore - 3 10. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 2
1981 - 4 1. Julius Erving - 31 2. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 28 3. Robert Parish - 13 4. Magic Johnson - 11 5. Marques Johnson - 6 6. Adrian Dantley - 5 7. Larry Bird - 3 8. Moses Malone - 3 9. Bobby Jones - 3 10. Alvan Adams - 1
1980 - 4 1. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 34 2. Julius Erving - 32 3. Marques Johnson - 9 4. Cedric Maxwell - 7 5. Gus Williams - 6 6. Adrian Dantley - 5 7. Magic Johnson - 4 8. Moses Malone - 3 9. Tree Rollins - 3 10. George Gervin - 1
1979 - 4 1. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 40 2. Marques Johnson - 28 3. Moses Malone - 11 4. George Gervin - 7 5. Gus Williams - 5 6. Artis Gilmore - 5 7. Wes Unseld - 3 8. Paul Westphal - 3 9. Walter Davis - 2
1978 - 4 1. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 40 2. Bill Walton - 22 3. Bob Lanier - 19 4. David Thompson - 11 5. George Gervin - 10 6. Paul Westphal - 1 7. Artis Gilmore - 1
1977 - 4 1. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 40 2. Bobby Jones - 21 3. Bill Walton - 20 4. Bob Lanier - 12 5. Julius Erving - 4 6. Bob McAdoo - 3 7. Dan Issel - 3 8. Artis Gilmore - 1
1976 - 4 1. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 40 2. John Drew - 19 3. Bob Lanier - 18 4. Bob McAdoo - 15 5. Wes Unseld - 6 6. Alvan Adams - 5 7. Fred Brown - 1
1975 - 4 1. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 37 2. Bob McAdoo - 25 3. Bob Lanier - 20 4. Rick Barry - 11 5. Chet Walker - 5 6. Don Nelson - 3 7. Wes Unseld - 1 8. Tiny Archibald - 1 9. Walt Frazier - 1
1974 - 4 1. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 37 2. Bob McAdoo - 27 3. Bob Lanier - 24 4. Rick Barry - 9 5. Chet Walker - 3 6. Walt Frazier - 2 7. Jerry West - 1 8. Rudy Tomjanovich - 1
1973 - 2 1. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 20 2. Tiny Archibald - 7 3. Wilt Chamberlain - 7 4. Jerry West - 6 5. Chet Walker - 5 6. Spencer Haywood - 3 7. Paul Silas - 3 8. Bob Lanier - 1
1972 - 2 1. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 20 2. Chet Walker - 8 3. Bob Lanier - 7 4. Tiny Archibald - 5 5. Walt Frazier - 5 6. Jerry West - 3 7. Clifford Ray - 3 8. Wilt Chamberlain - 1
1971 - 2 1. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 20 2. Jerry West - 12 3. Walt Frazier - 7 4. Dave Bing - 5 5. Bob Kauffman - 3 6. Johnny Green - 3 7. Billy Cunningham - 1 8. Calvin Murphy - 1
1970 - 2 1. Jerry West - 17 2. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 12 3. Wilt Chamberlain - 10 4. Oscar Robertson - 7 5. Dave Bing - 6 6. Walt Frazier - 1
1969 - 2 1. Jerry West - 14 2. Willis Reed - 11 3. Oscar Robertson - 10 4. Wilt Chamberlain - 5 5. Bailey Howell - 5 6. Walt Frazier - 3 7. Jerry Lucas - 3 8. Don Nelson - 1
1968 - 2 1. Wilt Chamberlain - 20 2. Oscar Robertson - 12 3. Jerry West - 12 4. Elgin Baylor - 3 5. Walt Bellamy - 3 6. Jerry Lucas - 1 7. Zelmo Beaty - 1
1967 - 2 1. Wilt Chamberlain - 20 2. Oscar Robertson - 14 3. Rick Barry - 8 4. Bailey Howell - 5 5. Jerry West - 4 6. Elgin Baylor - 1
1966 - 2 1. Wilt Chamberlain - 20 2. Oscar Robertson - 12 3. Jerry West - 12 4. Sam Jones - 6 5. Rick Barry - 1 6. Bailey Howell - 1
1965 - 2 1. Jerry West - 15 2. Oscar Robertson - 14 3. Wilt Chamberlain - 13 4. Bill Russell - 5 5. Walt Bellamy - 3 6. Bob Pettit - 1 7. Sam Jones - 1
1964 - 2 1. Wilt Chamberlain - 20 2. Oscar Robertson - 14 3. Jerry West - 8 4. Bill Russell - 5 5. Bob Pettit - 4 6. Walt Bellamy - 1
1963 - 2 1. Wilt Chamberlain - 20 2. Oscar Robertson - 10 3. Elgin Baylor - 8 4. Walt Bellamy - 5 5. Bailey Howell - 5 6. Bob Pettit - 4
1962 - 2 1. Wilt Chamberlain - 20 2. Walt Bellamy - 10 3. Oscar Robertson - 8 4. Elgin Baylor - 7 5. Bill Russell - 5 6. Bob Pettit - 1 7. Jerry West - 1
1961 - 2 1. Wilt Chamberlain - 17 2. Elgin Baylor - 15 3. Bob Pettit - 10 4. Oscar Robertson - 8 5. Clyde Lovellette - 1 6. Jack Twyman - 1
1960 - 2 1. Wilt Chamberlain - 20 2. Clyde Lovellette - 14 3. Elgin Baylor - 5 4. Bill Russell - 5 5. Cliff Hagan - 4 6. Bob Pettit - 3 7. Kenny Sears - 1
1959 - 2 1. Bob Pettit - 17 2. Kenny Sears - 11 3. Cliff Hagan - 8 4. Elgin Baylor - 7 5. Paul Arizin - 5 6. Clyde Lovellette - 3 7. Bill Russell - 1
1958 - 2 1. Dolph Schayes - 14 2. Bob Pettit - 11 3. Frank Ramsey - 10 4. Cliff Hagan - 6 5. George Yardley - 5 6. Neil Johnston - 5 7. Clyde Lovellette - 1
1957 - 2 1. Bob Pettit - 20 2. Neil Johnston - 14 3. Dolph Schayes - 8 4. Paul Arizin - 8 5. Harry Gallatin - 1 6. Bill Sharman - 1
1956 - 2 1. Bob Pettit - 15 2. Neil Johnston - 14 3. Larry Foust - 13 4. Clyde Lovellette - 5 5. Dolph Schayes - 4 6. Bob Houbregs - 1
1955 - 2 1. Neil Johnston - 17 2. Larry Foust - 15 3. Bob Pettit - 7 4. Dolph Schayes - 6 5. Chuck Share - 5 6. Bob Cousy - 1 7. Vern Mikkelsen - 1
1954 - 2 1. George Mikan - 15 2. Neil Johnston - 14 3. Dolph Schayes - 13 4. Ed Macauley - 8 5. Harry Gallatin - 2
1953 - 2 1. George Mikan - 20 2. Dolph Schayes - 10 3. Ed Macauley - 10 4. Neil Johnston - 7 5. Vern Mikkelsen - 3 6. Harry Gallatin - 2
1952 - 2 1. Paul Arizin - 15 2. George Mikan - 14 3. Vern Mikkelsen - 10 4. Dolph Schayes - 5 5. Ed Macauley - 4 6. Bob Cousy - 3 7. Harry Gallatin - 1
Players listed by total MVP shares
submitted by worldarchitect91 to nbadiscussion [link] [comments]
How MVP voting works: My understanding of the current system is voters are asked to provide five players on their ballots ranked 1-5. Points are distributed as follows:
1st - 10 points
2nd - 7 points
3rd - 5 points
4th - 3 points
5th - 1 point
And then the points are totaled across all ballots to find the winner. So I thought it would be interesting to tally MVP votes this way if different advanced stats were the voters instead.
The voters:
- LEBRON
- FIC
- PER
- WS/48
- WPA
- BPM
- VORP
- RAPTOR
Edit: All actual MVP winners from that year are in bold. Seems like it’s not working for some.
The results:
Most MVPs:
- Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 10
- Michael Jordan - 9
- Wilt Chamberlain - 8
- LeBron James - 6
- Larry Bird - 4
- Nikola Jokic - 3
- James Harden - 3
- Shaquille O’Neal - 3
- Bob Pettit - 3
- Steph Curry - 2
- Dirk Nowitzki - 2
- Kevin Garnett - 2
- David Robinson - 2
- Julius Erving - 2
- Jerry West - 2
- George Mikan - 2
- Neil Johnston - 1
- Russell Westbrook - 1
- Kevin Durant - 1
- Tracy McGrady - 1
- Tim Duncan - 1
- Karl Malone - 1
- Paul Arizin - 1
- Dolph Schayes - 1
The number by the year is the number of “voters” I used and the number beside the player is the points they received that year. If the number 1 vote getter has exactly 10x more points than voters, it was a unanimous MVP.
2023 - 8 1. Nikola Jokic - 67 2. Joel Embiid - 52 3. Jimmy Butler - 25 4. Luka Doncic - 23 5. Giannis Antetokounmpo - 13 6. Domantas Sabonis - 7 7. De’Aaron Fox - 7 8. Lauri Markkanen - 5 9. Anthony Davis - 5 10. Shai Gilgeous-Alexander - 2 11. Jayson Tatum - 1 12. DeMar DeRozan - 1
2022 - 8 1. Nikola Jokic - 77 2. Giannis Antetokounmpo - 47 3. Joel Embiid - 32 4. DeMar DeRozan - 10 5. Rudy Gobert - 8 6. Jayson Tatum - 8 7. Luka Doncic - 6 8. LeBron James - 5 9. Stephen Curry - 4 10. Trae Young - 3 11. Robert Williams - 3 12. Karl-Anthony Towns - 3 13. Kevin Durant - 1 14. Dejounte Murray - 1
2021 - 8 1. Nikola Jokic - 73 2. Giannis Antetokounmpo - 31 3. Joel Embiid - 19 4. Stephen Curry - 19 5. Rudy Gobert - 17 6. Damian Lillard - 12 7. Jimmy Butler - 8 8. Zion Williamson - 8 9. Russell Westbrook - 7 10. Luka Doncic - 4 11. Nikola Vucevic - 3 12. LeBron James - 3 13. Paul George - 3 14. Jayson Tatum - 1
2020 - 8 1. James Harden - 65 2. Giannis Antetokounmpo - 56 3. LeBron James - 21 4. Anthony Davis - 18 5. Damian Lillard - 15 6. Kawhi Leonard - 13 7. Luka Doncic - 8 8. Nikola Jokic - 4 9. Ivica Zubac - 3 10. Duncan Robinson - 3 11. Chris Paul - 1 12. Mitchell Robinson - 1
2019 - 8 1. James Harden - 66 2. Giannis Antetokounmpo - 52 3. Nikola Jokic - 19 4. Anthony Davis - 18 5. Paul George - 16 6. Stephen Curry - 13 7. Rudy Gobert - 10 8. Joel Embiid - 3 9. Karl-Anthony Towns - 3 10. Kawhi Leonard - 3 11. Damian Lillard - 2 12. LeBron James - 1 13. Clint Capela - 1 14. Nikola Vucevic - 1
2018 - 8 1. James Harden - 57 2. LeBron James - 40 3. Anthony Davis - 27 4. Stephen Curry - 22 5. Chris Paul - 13 6. Karl-Anthony Towns - 10 7. Kevin Durant - 9 8. Russell Westbrook - 8 9. Damian Lillard - 8 10. Victor Oladipo - 5 11. Nikola Jokic - 3 12. Clint Capela - 3 13. Giannis Antetokounmpo - 2 14. Kyrie Irving - 1
2017 - 8 1. Russell Westbrook - 43 2. Kawhi Leonard - 39 3. James Harden - 24 4. Stephen Curry - 20 5. Kevin Durant - 16 6. Chris Paul - 15 7. LeBron James - 14 8. Isaiah Thomas - 10 9. CJ McCollum - 7 10. Karl-Anthony Towns - 5 11. Anthony Davis - 5 12. Rudy Gobert - 3 13. Jimmy Butler - 3 14. Giannis Antetokounmpo - 2 15. Bradley Beal - 1 16. Draymond Green - 1
2016 - 8 1. Stephen Curry - 77 2. Kevin Durant - 34 3. LeBron James - 28 4. Russell Westbrook - 20 5. Kawhi Leonard - 19 6. James Harden - 8 7. Draymond Green - 7 8. JJ Redick - 5 9. Chris Paul - 5 10. Boban Marjanovic - 3 11. Klay Thompson - 3
2015 - 8 1. Stephen Curry - 60 2. Anthony Davis - 46 3. James Harden - 38 4. Chris Paul - 31 5. Russell Westbrook - 13 6. Kawhi Leonard - 5 7. Kyle Korver - 5 8. Kevin Durant - 3 9. DeAndre Jordan - 3 10. Draymond Green - 3 11. Jimmy Butler - 1
2014 - 8 1. Kevin Durant - 80 2. LeBron James - 40 3. Kevin Love - 28 4. Chris Paul - 25 5. Stephen Curry - 18 6. James Harden - 6 7. Anthony Davis - 3 8. Dirk Nowitzki - 3 9. Paul George - 3 10. Blake Griffin - 1 11. DeMarcus Cousins - 1
2013 - 7 1. LeBron James - 67 2. Kevin Durant - 50 3. Chris Paul - 27 4. James Harden - 9 5. Russell Westbrook - 5 6. Ray Allen - 5 7. Carmelo Anthony - 4 8. Tyson Chandler - 3 9. Chris Bosh - 3 10. Mike Conley - 3 11. Stephen Curry - 2 12. Brook Lopez - 1 13. Kobe Bryant - 1 14. Tim Duncan - 1 15. Tony Parker - 1
2012 - 7 1. LeBron James - 60 2. Chris Paul - 50 3. Kevin Durant - 32 4. Dwyane Wade - 13 5. James Harden - 8 6. Blake Griffin - 6 7. Tim Duncan - 5 8. Kevin Love - 4 9. Ryan Anderson - 3 10. Derrick Rose - 1
2011 - 7 1. LeBron James - 56 2. Dwight Howard - 29 3. Chris Paul - 27 4. Dwyane Wade - 11 5. Dirk Nowitzki - 10 6. Derrick Rose - 10 7. Pau Gasol - 8 8. Kevin Love - 8 9. Kevin Durant - 7 10. Ray Allen - 5 11. Manu Ginobli - 4 12. Kevin Martin - 3 13. Kobe Bryant - 1 14. Kevin Garnett - 1 15. Tyson Chandler - 1 16. Blake Griffin - 1
2010 - 7 1. LeBron James - 70 2. Dwyane Wade - 34 3. Kevin Durant - 31 4. Dwight Howard - 15 5. Dirk Nowitzki - 7 6. Chris Bosh - 6 7. Kobe Bryant - 5 8. Manu Ginobli - 3 9. David Lee - 3 10. Tim Duncan - 3 11. Josh Smith - 3 12. Chris Paul - 1 13. Pau Gasol - 1
2009 - 6 1. LeBron James - 60 2. Chris Paul - 33 3. Dwyane Wade - 25 4. Dwight Howard - 11 5. Brandon Roy - 11 6. Danny Granger - 7 7. Kobe Bryant - 6 8. Pau Gasol - 2 9. Ray Allen - 1
2008 - 6 1. LeBron James - 45 2. Chris Paul - 41 3. Amar’e Stoudemire - 21 4. Kevin Garnett - 13 5. Manu Ginobli - 9 6. Kobe Bryant - 8 7. Chauncey Billups - 7 8. Dirk Nowitzki - 6 9. Dwight Howard - 5 10. Rashard Lewis - 1
2007 - 6 1. Dirk Nowitzki - 41 2. Tim Duncan - 19 3. Dwyane Wade - 17 4. Kobe Bryant - 16 5. LeBron James - 16 6. Kevin Garnett - 11 7. Manu Ginobli - 10 8. Steve Nash - 8 9. Yao Ming - 6 10. Mehmet Okur - 5 11. Jason Kidd - 3 12. Gilbert Arenas - 3 13. Rashard Lewis - 1
2006 - 6 1. Dirk Nowitzki - 43 2. LeBron James - 39 3. Kevin Garnett - 19 4. Shawn Marion - 17 5. Kobe Bryant - 14 6. Dwyane Wade - 10 7. Chauncey Billups - 7 8. Elton Brand - 3 9. Ray Allen - 3 10. Manu Ginobli - 1
2005 - 6 1. Kevin Garnett - 47 2. Dirk Nowitzki - 22 3. LeBron James - 21 4. Tim Duncan - 17 5. Damon Jones - 10 6. Amar’e Stoudemire - 7 7. Donyell Marshall - 7 8. Shaquille O’Neal - 5 9. Shawn Marion - 5 10. Kyle Korver - 5 11. Tracy McGrady - 3 12. Fred Hoiberg - 3 13. Manu Ginobli - 2 14. Peja Stojakovic - 1 15. Vince Carter - 1
2004 - 6 1. Kevin Garnett - 50 2. Tim Duncan - 33 3. Andrei Kirilenko - 15 4. Peja Stojakovic - 12 5. Tracy McGrady - 11 6. Reggie Miller - 7 7. Ben Wallace - 5 8. Brian Cardinal - 5 9. Michael Finley - 5 10. Kobe Bryant - 5 11. Shaquille O’Neal - 3 12. Antawn Jamison - 3 13. Sam Cassell - 1 14. James Posey - 1
2003 - 6 1. Tracy McGrady - 43 2. Kevin Garnett - 28 3. Tim Duncan - 23 4. Dirk Nowitzki - 15 5. Shaquille O’Neal - 14 6. Kobe Bryant - 12 7. Michael Redd - 10 8. Reggie Miller - 7 9. Peja Stojakovic - 3 10. Wesley Person - 1
2002 - 6 1. Tim Duncan - 41 2. Shaquille O’Neal - 31 3. Kevin Garnett - 19 4. Dirk Nowitzki - 11 5. Tracy McGrady - 11 6. Wesley Person - 10 7. Elton Brand - 8 8. Reggie Miller - 7 9. Paul Pierce - 6 10. Chris Webber - 3 11. Gary Payton - 3 12. Ray Allen - 3 13. David Robinson - 1 14. Ben Wallace - 1 15. Pat Garrity - 1
2001 - 6 1. Shaquille O’Neal - 44 2. Vince Carter - 24 3. Tracy McGrady - 15 4. David Robinson - 10 5. Ray Allen - 10 6. Dirk Nowitzki - 10 7. Kevin Garnett - 10 8. Karl Malone - 6 9. Tim Duncan - 5 10. Marcus Camby - 5 11. Peja Stojakovic - 5 12. John Stockton - 3 13. Reggie Miller - 3 14. Eric Piatkowski - 1 15. Kobe Bryant - 1 16. Chris Webber - 1
2000 - 6 1. Shaquille O’Neal - 50 2. Karl Malone - 29 3. Gary Payton - 15 4. Kevin Garnett - 11 5. Reggie Miller - 10 6. Alonzo Mourning - 8 7. Dan Majerle - 7 8. David Robinson - 6 9. Vince Carter - 6 10. John Stockton - 6 11. Tim Duncan - 4 12. Terry Mills - 3 13. Tracy Murray - 1
1999 - 6 1. Shaquille O’Neal - 41 2. Karl Malone - 28 3. David Robinson - 18 4. Jason Kidd - 13 5. Dell Curry - 10 6. Dale Ellis - 7 7. Darrell Armstrong - 7 8. Tim Duncan - 5 9. Terry Porter - 5 10. Allen Iverson - 5 11. Alonzo Mourning - 4 12. Gary Payton - 3 13. John Stockton - 3 14. Chris Mullin - 3 15. Grant Hill - 3 16. Sam Mack - 1
1998 - 6 1. Karl Malone - 41 2. David Robinson - 31 3. Michael Jordan - 20 4. Shaquille O’Neal - 16 5. Wesley Person - 10 6. Tim Duncan - 7 7. Reggie Miller - 7 8. Gary Payton - 6 9. Kevin Garnett - 5 10. Dale Ellis - 5 11. Glen Rice - 3 12. John Stockton - 2 13. Patrick Ewing - 1 14. Grant Hill - 1 15. Tracy Murray - 1
1997 - 6 1. Michael Jordan - 44 2. Karl Malone - 39 3. Grant Hill - 23 4. Wesley Person - 10 5. John Stockton - 9 6. Glen Rice - 7 7. Mookie Blaylock - 6 8. Shaquille O’Neal - 5 9. Reggie Miller - 5 10. Charles Barkley - 3 11. Terry Mills - 3 12. Tim Hardaway - 1 13. Chris Gatling - 1 14. Anthony Mason - 1
1996 - 5 1. Michael Jordan - 47 2. David Robinson - 38 3. Karl Malone - 17 4. Terrell Brandon - 10 5. Anfernee Hardaway - 6 6. Shaquille O’Neal - 5 7. Hakeem Olajuwon - 4 8. Penny Hardaway - 1 9. Arvydas Sabonis - 1 10. John Stockton - 1
1995 - 5 1. David Robinson - 50 2. John Stockton - 24 3. Shaquille O’Neal - 19 4. Scottie Pippen - 10 5. Karl Malone - 9 6. Hakeem Olajuwon - 6 7. Charles Barkley - 5 8. Clyde Drexler - 4 9. Detlef Schrempf - 3
1994 - 5 1. David Robinson - 50 2. Shaquille O’Neal - 27 3. John Stockton - 18 4. Hakeem Olajuwon - 16 5. Scottie Pippen - 9 6. Shawn Kemp - 6 7. Karl Malone - 3 8. Reggie Miller - 1
1993 - 5 1. Michael Jordan - 41 2. Hakeem Olajuwon - 32 3. Karl Malone - 23 4. Charles Barkley - 23 5. David Robinson - 8 6. John Stockton - 1 7. Dominique Wilkins - 1 8. Brad Daugherty - 1
1992 - 5 1. Michael Jordan - 50 2. David Robinson - 29 3. John Stockton - 17 4. Karl Malone - 9 5. Clyde Drexler - 9 6. Dennis Rodman - 5 7. Horace Grant - 5 8. Charles Barkley - 4 9. Hakeem Olajuwon - 1 10. Scottie Pippen - 1
1991 - 5 1. Michael Jordan - 50 2. David Robinson - 32 3. Magic Johnson - 21 4. Charles Barkley - 20 5. John Stockton - 7 6. Karl Malone - 4 7. Terry Porter - 1
1990 - 5 1. Michael Jordan - 50 2. Magic Johnson - 29 3. Charles Barkley - 17 4. Karl Malone - 10 5. John Stockton - 10 6. Hakeem Olajuwon - 7 7. David Robinson - 6 8. Clyde Drexler - 3
1989 - 5 1. Michael Jordan - 50 2. Magic Johnson - 33 3. Charles Barkley - 23 4. John Stockton - 14 5. Hakeem Olajuwon - 6 6. Karl Malone - 2 7. Clyde Drexler - 2
1988 - 5 1. Michael Jordan - 50 2. Larry Bird - 31 3. Charles Barkley - 25 4. John Stockton - 16 5. Clyde Drexler - 5 6. Dominique Wilkins - 1 7. Fat Lever - 1 8. Adrian Dantley - 1
1987 - 5 1. Michael Jordan - 47 2. Magic Johnson - 37 3. Larry Bird - 29 4. Charles Barkley - 15 5. Kevin McHale - 3 6. Fat Lever - 3 7. Moses Malone - 1 8. Doc Rivers - 1 9. Dominique Wilkins - 1
1986 - 5 1. Larry Bird - 47 2. Magic Johnson - 27 3. Charles Barkley - 11 4. Michael Jordan - 10 5. Adrian Dantley - 10 6. Paul Pressey - 10 7. Hakeem Olajuwon - 6 8. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 4 9. Kevin McHale - 3 10. Sidney Moncrief - 1 11. Isiah Thomas - 1
1985 - 4 1. Larry Bird - 40 2. Michael Jordan - 26 3. Magic Johnson - 18 4. Isiah Thomas - 8 5. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 6 6. Bernard King - 5 7. Kevin McHale - 1
1984 - 4 1. Larry Bird - 32 2. Adrian Dantley - 21 3. Magic Johnson - 14 4. Julius Erving - 11 5. Bernard King - 7 6. Isiah Thomas - 6 7. Kiki Vandeweghe - 5 8. Sidney Moncrief - 3 9. Mark Aguirre - 3 10. Kevin McHale - 1 11. Bobby Jones - 1
1983 - 4 1. Larry Bird - 30 2. Moses Malone - 20 3. Magic Johnson - 14 4. Sidney Moncrief - 13 5. Julius Erving - 13 6. Adrian Dantley - 7 7. Alex English - 4 8. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 1 9. Robert Parish - 1 10. Maurice Cheeks - 1
1982 - 4 1. Julius Erving - 34 2. Moses Malone - 20 3. Magic Johnson - 18 4. Larry Bird - 10 5. Sidney Moncrief - 5 6. George Gervin - 5 7. Gus Williams - 4 8. Adrian Dantley - 3 9. Artis Gilmore - 3 10. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 2
1981 - 4 1. Julius Erving - 31 2. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 28 3. Robert Parish - 13 4. Magic Johnson - 11 5. Marques Johnson - 6 6. Adrian Dantley - 5 7. Larry Bird - 3 8. Moses Malone - 3 9. Bobby Jones - 3 10. Alvan Adams - 1
1980 - 4 1. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 34 2. Julius Erving - 32 3. Marques Johnson - 9 4. Cedric Maxwell - 7 5. Gus Williams - 6 6. Adrian Dantley - 5 7. Magic Johnson - 4 8. Moses Malone - 3 9. Tree Rollins - 3 10. George Gervin - 1
1979 - 4 1. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 40 2. Marques Johnson - 28 3. Moses Malone - 11 4. George Gervin - 7 5. Gus Williams - 5 6. Artis Gilmore - 5 7. Wes Unseld - 3 8. Paul Westphal - 3 9. Walter Davis - 2
1978 - 4 1. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 40 2. Bill Walton - 22 3. Bob Lanier - 19 4. David Thompson - 11 5. George Gervin - 10 6. Paul Westphal - 1 7. Artis Gilmore - 1
1977 - 4 1. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 40 2. Bobby Jones - 21 3. Bill Walton - 20 4. Bob Lanier - 12 5. Julius Erving - 4 6. Bob McAdoo - 3 7. Dan Issel - 3 8. Artis Gilmore - 1
1976 - 4 1. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 40 2. John Drew - 19 3. Bob Lanier - 18 4. Bob McAdoo - 15 5. Wes Unseld - 6 6. Alvan Adams - 5 7. Fred Brown - 1
1975 - 4 1. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 37 2. Bob McAdoo - 25 3. Bob Lanier - 20 4. Rick Barry - 11 5. Chet Walker - 5 6. Don Nelson - 3 7. Wes Unseld - 1 8. Tiny Archibald - 1 9. Walt Frazier - 1
1974 - 4 1. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 37 2. Bob McAdoo - 27 3. Bob Lanier - 24 4. Rick Barry - 9 5. Chet Walker - 3 6. Walt Frazier - 2 7. Jerry West - 1 8. Rudy Tomjanovich - 1
1973 - 2 1. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 20 2. Tiny Archibald - 7 3. Wilt Chamberlain - 7 4. Jerry West - 6 5. Chet Walker - 5 6. Spencer Haywood - 3 7. Paul Silas - 3 8. Bob Lanier - 1
1972 - 2 1. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 20 2. Chet Walker - 8 3. Bob Lanier - 7 4. Tiny Archibald - 5 5. Walt Frazier - 5 6. Jerry West - 3 7. Clifford Ray - 3 8. Wilt Chamberlain - 1
1971 - 2 1. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 20 2. Jerry West - 12 3. Walt Frazier - 7 4. Dave Bing - 5 5. Bob Kauffman - 3 6. Johnny Green - 3 7. Billy Cunningham - 1 8. Calvin Murphy - 1
1970 - 2 1. Jerry West - 17 2. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - 12 3. Wilt Chamberlain - 10 4. Oscar Robertson - 7 5. Dave Bing - 6 6. Walt Frazier - 1
1969 - 2 1. Jerry West - 14 2. Willis Reed - 11 3. Oscar Robertson - 10 4. Wilt Chamberlain - 5 5. Bailey Howell - 5 6. Walt Frazier - 3 7. Jerry Lucas - 3 8. Don Nelson - 1
1968 - 2 1. Wilt Chamberlain - 20 2. Oscar Robertson - 12 3. Jerry West - 12 4. Elgin Baylor - 3 5. Walt Bellamy - 3 6. Jerry Lucas - 1 7. Zelmo Beaty - 1
1967 - 2 1. Wilt Chamberlain - 20 2. Oscar Robertson - 14 3. Rick Barry - 8 4. Bailey Howell - 5 5. Jerry West - 4 6. Elgin Baylor - 1
1966 - 2 1. Wilt Chamberlain - 20 2. Oscar Robertson - 12 3. Jerry West - 12 4. Sam Jones - 6 5. Rick Barry - 1 6. Bailey Howell - 1
1965 - 2 1. Jerry West - 15 2. Oscar Robertson - 14 3. Wilt Chamberlain - 13 4. Bill Russell - 5 5. Walt Bellamy - 3 6. Bob Pettit - 1 7. Sam Jones - 1
1964 - 2 1. Wilt Chamberlain - 20 2. Oscar Robertson - 14 3. Jerry West - 8 4. Bill Russell - 5 5. Bob Pettit - 4 6. Walt Bellamy - 1
1963 - 2 1. Wilt Chamberlain - 20 2. Oscar Robertson - 10 3. Elgin Baylor - 8 4. Walt Bellamy - 5 5. Bailey Howell - 5 6. Bob Pettit - 4
1962 - 2 1. Wilt Chamberlain - 20 2. Walt Bellamy - 10 3. Oscar Robertson - 8 4. Elgin Baylor - 7 5. Bill Russell - 5 6. Bob Pettit - 1 7. Jerry West - 1
1961 - 2 1. Wilt Chamberlain - 17 2. Elgin Baylor - 15 3. Bob Pettit - 10 4. Oscar Robertson - 8 5. Clyde Lovellette - 1 6. Jack Twyman - 1
1960 - 2 1. Wilt Chamberlain - 20 2. Clyde Lovellette - 14 3. Elgin Baylor - 5 4. Bill Russell - 5 5. Cliff Hagan - 4 6. Bob Pettit - 3 7. Kenny Sears - 1
1959 - 2 1. Bob Pettit - 17 2. Kenny Sears - 11 3. Cliff Hagan - 8 4. Elgin Baylor - 7 5. Paul Arizin - 5 6. Clyde Lovellette - 3 7. Bill Russell - 1
1958 - 2 1. Dolph Schayes - 14 2. Bob Pettit - 11 3. Frank Ramsey - 10 4. Cliff Hagan - 6 5. George Yardley - 5 6. Neil Johnston - 5 7. Clyde Lovellette - 1
1957 - 2 1. Bob Pettit - 20 2. Neil Johnston - 14 3. Dolph Schayes - 8 4. Paul Arizin - 8 5. Harry Gallatin - 1 6. Bill Sharman - 1
1956 - 2 1. Bob Pettit - 15 2. Neil Johnston - 14 3. Larry Foust - 13 4. Clyde Lovellette - 5 5. Dolph Schayes - 4 6. Bob Houbregs - 1
1955 - 2 1. Neil Johnston - 17 2. Larry Foust - 15 3. Bob Pettit - 7 4. Dolph Schayes - 6 5. Chuck Share - 5 6. Bob Cousy - 1 7. Vern Mikkelsen - 1
1954 - 2 1. George Mikan - 15 2. Neil Johnston - 14 3. Dolph Schayes - 13 4. Ed Macauley - 8 5. Harry Gallatin - 2
1953 - 2 1. George Mikan - 20 2. Dolph Schayes - 10 3. Ed Macauley - 10 4. Neil Johnston - 7 5. Vern Mikkelsen - 3 6. Harry Gallatin - 2
1952 - 2 1. Paul Arizin - 15 2. George Mikan - 14 3. Vern Mikkelsen - 10 4. Dolph Schayes - 5 5. Ed Macauley - 4 6. Bob Cousy - 3 7. Harry Gallatin - 1
Players listed by total MVP shares
- Kareem Abdul-Jabbar: 11.70
- Wilt Chamberlain: 9.65
- Michael Jordan: 9.62
- LeBron James: 8.41
- Oscar Robertson 5.45
- David Robinson: 5.36
- Jerry West: 5.22
- Larry Bird: 5.01
- Magic Johnson: 4.91
- Bob Pettit: 4.65
- Shaquille O’Neal: 4.50
- Karl Malone: 3.92
- Chris Paul: 3.86
- Neil Johnston - 3.70
- Dirk Nowitzki: 3.65
- Kevin Garnett: 3.56
- James Harden: 3.54
- Kevin Durant: 3.50
- Julius Erving: 3.12
- Nikola Jokic: 3.04
- Dolph Schayes: 3.00
- Stephen Curry: 2.94
- Charles Barkley: 2.91
- Bob Lanier: 2.72
- Tim Duncan: 2.69
- Giannis Antetokounmpo: 2.54
- John Stockton: 2.54
- George Mikan: 2.45
- Elgin Baylor: 2.30
- Bob McAdoo: 1.75
- Dwyane Wade: 1.69
- Hakeem Olajuwon: 1.56
- Anthony Davis: 1.52
- Moses Malone: 1.44
- Larry Foust: 1.40
- Paul Arizin: 1.40
- Tracy McGrady: 1.38
- Joel Embiid: 1.32
- Adrian Dantley: 1.24
- Russell Westbrook: 1.21
- Clyde Lovellette: 1.20
- Kobe Bryant: 1.13
- Ed Macauley: 1.10
- Walt Bellamy: 1.10
- Marques Johnson: 1.07
- Bill Russell: 1.05
- Bill Walton: 1.05
- Kawhi Leonard: 0.99
- Rick Barry: 0.95
- Cliff Hagan: 0.90
- Dwight Howard: 0.89
- Walt Frazier: 0.87
- Chet Walker: 0.85
- Bailey Howell: 0.8
- Reggie Miller: 0.79
- Vern Mikkelsen: 0.7
- Bobby Jones: 0.62
- Tiny Archibald: 0.62
- Kenny Sears: 0.60
- George Gervin: 0.57
- Dave Bing: 0.55
- Willis Reed: 0.55
- Sidney Moncrief: 0.54
- Kevin Love: 0.52
- Vince Carter: 0.52
- Wesley Person: 0.52
- Luka Doncic: 0.51
- Frank Ramsey: 0.50
- Amar’e Stoudemire: 0.47
- John Drew: 0.47
- Manu Ginobli: 0.47
- Rudy Gobert: 0.47
- Clyde Drexler: 0.46
- Damian Lillard: 0.46
- Jimmy Butler: 0.46
- Gary Payton: 0.45
- Grant Hill: 0.45
- Ray Allen: 0.43
- Scottie Pippen: 0.4
- Gus Williams: 0.37
- Isiah Thomas: 0.37
- Shawn Marion: 0.37
- Peja Stojakovic: 0.35
- Robert Parish: 0.35
- Sam Jones: 0.35
- Bernard King: 0.3
- Harry Gallatin: 0.3
- David Thompson: 0.27
- Jason Kidd: 0.27
- Paul George: 0.27
- Karl-Anthony Towns: 0.26
- Andrei Kirilenko: 0.25
- Artis Gilmore: 0.25
- Chuck Share: 0.25
- George Yardley: 0.25
- Wes Unseld: 0.25
- Chauncey Billups: 0.23
- Alonzo Mourning: 0.20
- Bob Cousy: 0.20
- Dale Ellis: 0.20
- Jerry Lucas: 0.20
- Paul Pressey: 0.20
- Terrell Brandon: 0.20
- Brandon Roy: 0.18
- Elton Brand: 0.18
- Cedric Maxwell: 0.17
- Damon Jones: 0.17
- Dell Curry: 0.17
- Glen Rice: 0.17
- Kevin McHale: 0.17
- Michael Redd: 0.17
- Derrick Rose: 0.16
- Pau Gasol: 0.16
- Alvan Adams: 0.15
- Bob Kauffman: 0.15
- Clifford Ray: 0.15
- Johnny Green: 0.15
- Kyle Korver: 0.15
- Paul Silas: 0.15
- Spencer Haywood: 0.15
- Draymond Green: 0.14
- Chris Bosh: 0.13
- DeMar DeRozan: 0.13
- Steve Nash: 0.13
- Anfernee Hardaway: 0.12
- Dan Majerle: 0.12
- Danny Granger: 0.12
- Darrell Armstrong: 0.12
- Don Nelson: 0.12
- Donyell Marshall: 0.12
- Isaiah Thomas: 0.12
- Jayson Tatum: 0.12
- Kiki Vandeweghe: 0.12
- Shawn Kemp: 0.12
- Blake Griffin: 0.11
- Alex English: 0.10
- Ben Wallace: 0.10
- Dennis Rodman: 0.10
- Horace Grant: 0.10
- Mookie Blaylock: 0.10
- Paul Pierce: 0.10
- Paul Westphal: 0.10
- Terry Mills: 0.10
- Terry Porter: 0.10
- Yao Ming: 0.10
- CJ McCollum: 0.09
- De’Aaron Fox: 0.09
- Domantas Sabonis: 0.09
- Allen Iverson: 0.08
- Brian Cardinal: 0.08
- Fat Lever: 0.08
- Marcus Camby: 0.08
- Mehmet Okur: 0.08
- Michael Finley: 0.08
- Chris Webber: 0.07
- Dan Issel: 0.07
- Mark Aguirre: 0.07
- Tree Rollins: 0.07
- Carmelo Anthony: 0.06
- Detlef Schrempf: 0.06
- Dominique Wilkins: 0.06
- JJ Redick: 0.06
- Lauri Markkanen: 0.06
- Tyson Chandler: 0.06
- Victor Oladipo: 0.06
- Antawn Jamison: 0.05
- Bill Sharman: 0.05
- Billy Cunningham: 0.05
- Bob Houbregs 0.05
- Calvin Murphy: 0.05
- Chris Mullin: 0.05
- Clint Capela: 0.05
- Fred Hoiberg 0.05
- Gilbert Arenas: 0.05
- Jack Twyman: 0.05
- Nikola Vucevic: 0.05
- Walter Davis: 0.05
- Zelmo Beaty: 0.05
- Boban Marjanovic: 0.04
- David Lee: 0.04
- DeAndre Jordan: 0.04
- Duncan Robinson: 0.04
- Ivica Zubac: 0.04
- Josh Smith: 0.04
- Kevin Martin: 0.04
- Klay Thompson: 0.04
- Mike Conley: 0.04
- Robert Williams: 0.04
- Ryan Anderson: 0.04
- Trae Young: 0.04
- Rashard Lewis: 0.03
- Tracy Murray: 0.03
- Anthony Mason: 0.02
- Arvydas Sabonis: 0.02
- Brad Daugherty: 0.02
- Chris Gatling: 0.02
- Doc Rivers: 0.02
- Eric Piatkowski: 0.02
- Fred Brown: 0.02
- James Posey: 0.02
- Maurice Cheeks: 0.02
- Pat Garrity: 0.02
- Patrick Ewing: 0.02
- Penny Hardaway: 0.02
- Rudy Tomjanovich: 0.02
- Sam Cassell: 0.02
- Sam Mack: 0.02
- Shai Gilgeous-Alexander: 0.02
- Tim Hardaway: 0.02
- Bradley Beal: 0.01
- Brook Lopez: 0.01
- Dejounte Murray: 0.01
- DeMarcus Cousins: 0.01
- Kyrie Irving: 0.01
- Mitchell Robinson: 0.01
- Tony Parker: 0.01
- Zion Williamson: 0.01
2024.02.21 22:32 Negative_Document_81 Help
 | Is this my cheapest option? Does anyone know where I could buy one for a cheaper price? submitted by Negative_Document_81 to Cartalk [link] [comments] |
2024.02.06 01:53 Puzzleheaded_Bad3669 "Letters" Creepypasta
Everyone in Burningham is haunted by something; I would know after living here for thirty something years. For years now, I’ve wondered if I should leave this place for good and start a new life somewhere else or if I should just try to put my life back together here. It seemed so much easier to start a new life where no one else knows you, but I never wanted to leave my parents behind. As they grew older and older, I found myself more and more reluctant to leave, but now that doesn’t matter. They’re dead.
They didn’t die from health complications; in fact, they were in great shape for people in their sixties. They were driving cross-country when they got into a terrible accident. The worst part was going down to the morgue and seeing their cold, lifeless bodies. I fell apart then and there, that night I didn’t eat or sleep. Two weeks later, I held a small funeral. I was the only one there. As the only living relative left, it was my responsibility to clean up my parents’ house and prepare it for the market. I knew this wouldn’t be an easy task.
As I pulled into the driveway, the house stood before me, a poor copy of what it used to be. What once was a lush, well-kept lawn was now overgrown with dry, yellowed grass. The house and garage across from it were thankfully made of brick; who knows what shape they would be in if they weren’t. Brush was piled into the old, rusty dog cage across from the garage.
As I walked up the path, childhood memories flashed through my mind: Dad tossing the ball to me when I was ten, Mom helping me walk the dog around the house when I was twelve. The memories quickly faded away, and reality sunk in. I’d never be able to make new memories with them. My knees buckled from beneath me, and I fell to the ground. I let out a loud sob.
My parents were gone forever. Nothing I did would ever change that. Wiping the tears from my face, I tried to follow the breathing exercises my new therapist taught me. I took a few deep breaths and counted to ten, and once I calmed down, I stood back up. I unlocked the front door, took another deep breath, and entered the house.
The inside of the house didn’t look abandoned. For a moment, it felt like Mom and Dad were still in their bedroom, as if nothing had changed. It was almost like being inside of one of the Chernobyl houses. Everything in the house looked the same as it did when it was abandoned. Canned and boxed food still sat in the cabinets. There was a smell of rot coming from the refrigerator, accompanying the house’s strong scent of mold and mildew.
I held my breath, and stepping around the mouse droppings, I trudged forward to the bedrooms to look for my parents’ financial information. After a few minutes of rummaging through their drawers, I found the paperwork I needed, but I also found a box. Inside of it were letters written by people I didn’t recognize. Curious, I began to read through them.
Nov. 14th, 1989
Dear Uncle Tony,
Happy Birthday! Love is not something you can see. Love is something you feel deep in your heart. I love you!
Love,
Lorraine.
Lorraine? The letter is addressing my father, but he and my mother didn't have any siblings. Even if he had a falling out and decided he didn’t want anything to do with his family, why would he lie to me?
Nov. 21th, 1989
Dear Uncle Tony,
I really like staying over and spending time with you and Aunt Pam. I love staying up past my bedtime to watch cartoons and eat chocolate chip cookies. At bedtime, I heard someone whispering my name from under my bed. I was scared. But I peeked over the side of my bed, and my Daddy’s head popped out from underneath. I haven’t seen him since he and Mommy got divorced. I was so happy to see him. Then he asked me to go under the bed with him. His voice was deeper. There was something wrong with his eyes. They were all black. I told him no and rolled back over. I couldn’t sleep for the rest of the night.
Nov. 28th, 1989
Dear Uncle Tony,
I had lots of fun building snow forts with you and Aunt Pam last weekend. I had more fun when I caught both of you by surprise and nailed you with snowballs. It was fun until bedtime, when the thing that looked like my Daddy called my name again. I told him I wasn’t going to go under the bed with him, and I knew he wasn’t my Daddy. The thing got really mad at me. It grabbed my foot that was hanging off the edge of the bed and scratched it. I wanted to run away, but I was afraid that whatever was under my bed would come out from underneath it and get me.
To Tony:
I’m always happy to let Lorraine spend the weekend over your house. You’re family after all, and I want her to know her Uncle and Aunt. You and Pam have really been there for Lorraine and I ever since Rick abandoned us a few years ago, but Lorraine came home on Sunday with a scratch on her foot. Please keep a better eye on her while she’s playing.
Dec. 8th, 1989
Dear Uncle Tony,
I’m really looking forward to spending Christmas with you! Thank you for buying me a barbie. I love her so much. I was having fun until the monster under my bed started talking to me again. He promised not to hurt me again. He told me if I went under the bed with him I could have all the cookies I wanted. He even held one out for me to take from him. I know it was dumb, but I was hungry and I reached for it, but when I did he grabbed my wrist. I was able to pull back, but he scratched me again and it really hurt this time.
Dear Pam,
For whatever reason Tony hasn’t bothered to listen to me. I’m looking forward to having Christmas with you, but Lorraine got a big scratch on her wrist. How is she getting hurt so much?
Dear Pam,
I really appreciate you and Tony having us over for the holidays, but there’s something really odd that happened when I was there. Lorraine woke me up in the middle of the night. She was crying and telling me that someone was someone under her bed. I walked into the room she was staying in, and there was nothing there. She had fresh scratches on her. What is going on? Clearly, I have not been listened to. I do not think I can allow her over your house if you continue to ignore my requests. I’ll allow both of you one more chance. I do not want to have to do this, but if you force my hand, I will do what I feel is best.
Dear Uncle Tony,
I really enjoy seeing you and Aunt Pam, but I don’t know if I wanna come over anymore. I appreciate you letting me sleep in your bed last time, but I’m not safe even with you and Aunt Pam. I could hear the monster calling my name from my bedroom.
Dear Tony and Pam,
I can not allow Lorraine at your house. When she got home from the last visit, she said she never wanted to go back and wouldn’t stop crying. I don’t know what happened, but she is not going to your home anymore. I’m furious that my rules were not obeyed! How dare you undermine me! I think you know how Lorraine got hurt, too, but I’m starting to think it wasn’t just an accident due to your negligence.
Dear Tony and Pam,
How dare you try and play the victim. You want me to reconsider? No way! If you guys didn’t hurt Lorraine, then how come you can’t at the very least admit the both of you are negligent caretakers? How dare you throw in my face all the things you did for Lorraine financially, emotionally, or otherwise. Don’t try to spin me a sob story “Lorraine is the daughter I’ll never have.” Cry me a river. Also, never throw my condition in my face again! I’ve been just fine mentally, and I’ve been taking my medicine. My illness has nothing to do with the decision I’m making. I laughed when I read the part of your letter when you mentioned you were afraid for the child’s well-being because I’m unwell. Don’t ever threaten me! You’ll never see Lorraine or me again as long as you live.
I heard my parents calling my name down the hallway. I followed it to a bedroom. The door creaked loudly as I opened it.
“Max.” The voices called again.
As I entered the room, the door slammed shut behind me. It was probably the wind. Cold, stale air nipped at my face. The bedroom looked like it hadn’t been touched in over thirty years. I remember it my parents said it was a guest bedroom, but we never had any guests. The walls were painted pink and the bedspread was littered with bug carcasses and a few mouse carcasses as well. The whole room smelt so strongly of death and decay I could taste it.
“Hello?” I called out.
“Under here.”
The voice was coming from under the bed. Dread filled my entire being. There had to be a reasonable, logical explanation. I haven’t been sleeping or eating much, maybe it was my mind playing tricks on me. I knew I shouldn’t have, but I crouched down to see under the bed. I had to do it; I needed to see who was calling my name. I peeked under the bed expecting to see the face of some unworldly monster, but instead, I saw the faces of my mother and father.
My father’s old, wrinkled face was stretched into an unnatural smile, and his eyes were black and void of all emotion and life. Long, white, wispy hair hung over his face. My mother’s appearance was nearly identical to Dad’s: her wrinkled face stretched into a smile, her eyes all black, and her hair hanging over her face.
“You’re both dead. I buried you. This isn’t real. You’re not real!” I screamed.
My heart pounded rapidly as I backed away from them.
“We’re real, and we’ve come to see you.” They said.
There was a hope for a minute. Maybe, my parents were still alive and the trip to the morgue along with the funeral were all part of a terrible dream that I’ve woken up from. Perhaps, there was a chance that I had my parents back. As I gazed into their strange smiling faces I realized that there was hardly any mirth in their smiles. These weren’t happy smiles, they were deceptive, designed to get me to let my guard down. The imposters looked hungry and ready to pounce. I knew these were not my parents
I dropped to my knees and clasped my hands around my head. Tears streamed down my face. This can’t be real. I did the only thing that I could think: I got up and ran to the door. The door knob wouldn’t turn. I kicked the door and threw myself against it, but it wouldn’t budge.
They crawled out from under the bed and seized my ankles, pulling them out from underneath me, sending my face crashing down to the cold, hard floor. They continued to pull me towards the endless abyss.
“If you don’t come to us, we’ll come to you.”
I tried to sink my nails into the floorboards. “No!”
Their grip was inhumanly tight. As they dragged me, my nails left trails in the wood. Their nails sank into my ankles, drawing blood. Hot, searing pain filled the bottom half of my body.
“Please let me go.” My plea was only meant with cruel laughter, they were enjoying this.
“Please let me go.” Mom mocked.
“Don’t waste your tears, son. There will be plenty of time for tears soon enough.” Dad said.
I made another attempt to pull my feet loose, and their grip loosened as my ankles grew more and more slick with blood. I pulled and jerked, getting more and more control with each try. I pulled my left foot and slipped from Mom’s grasped. She looked at her blood-stained hands in disbelief, and then I freed my right foot. Before they could grab me again, I kicked both of them in the face. My ankles burning, I struggled to get to my feet. I charged the door with my shoulder lowered. The door gave way on impact, falling off its hinges. Dull, agonizing pain traveled up and down my shoulder, but I ignored it. I rushed down the hallway and threw the front door open.
“Come back!” They screamed.
“Fuck you. You’re not my parents!” I screamed back.
Before I slammed the door shut, a horrible, growl filled the house. The house shook as if there was an earthquake. I slammed the door shut and sprinted to my car. I sped off, gunning it down the street with no care for the speed limit. I don’t know what that thing under the bed was, and sadly, I’ll never know what happened to my Cousin Lorraine or my Aunt Susan.
I haven’t been to my parents’ house since and I refuse to go back there alone. The thing that bothers me the most is that the next owner doesn’t know what they’re in for. I could have the house demolished, but my gut tells me house or no house that, that thing will still be there no matter what.
submitted by Puzzleheaded_Bad3669 to u/Puzzleheaded_Bad3669 [link] [comments]
They didn’t die from health complications; in fact, they were in great shape for people in their sixties. They were driving cross-country when they got into a terrible accident. The worst part was going down to the morgue and seeing their cold, lifeless bodies. I fell apart then and there, that night I didn’t eat or sleep. Two weeks later, I held a small funeral. I was the only one there. As the only living relative left, it was my responsibility to clean up my parents’ house and prepare it for the market. I knew this wouldn’t be an easy task.
As I pulled into the driveway, the house stood before me, a poor copy of what it used to be. What once was a lush, well-kept lawn was now overgrown with dry, yellowed grass. The house and garage across from it were thankfully made of brick; who knows what shape they would be in if they weren’t. Brush was piled into the old, rusty dog cage across from the garage.
As I walked up the path, childhood memories flashed through my mind: Dad tossing the ball to me when I was ten, Mom helping me walk the dog around the house when I was twelve. The memories quickly faded away, and reality sunk in. I’d never be able to make new memories with them. My knees buckled from beneath me, and I fell to the ground. I let out a loud sob.
My parents were gone forever. Nothing I did would ever change that. Wiping the tears from my face, I tried to follow the breathing exercises my new therapist taught me. I took a few deep breaths and counted to ten, and once I calmed down, I stood back up. I unlocked the front door, took another deep breath, and entered the house.
The inside of the house didn’t look abandoned. For a moment, it felt like Mom and Dad were still in their bedroom, as if nothing had changed. It was almost like being inside of one of the Chernobyl houses. Everything in the house looked the same as it did when it was abandoned. Canned and boxed food still sat in the cabinets. There was a smell of rot coming from the refrigerator, accompanying the house’s strong scent of mold and mildew.
I held my breath, and stepping around the mouse droppings, I trudged forward to the bedrooms to look for my parents’ financial information. After a few minutes of rummaging through their drawers, I found the paperwork I needed, but I also found a box. Inside of it were letters written by people I didn’t recognize. Curious, I began to read through them.
Nov. 14th, 1989
Dear Uncle Tony,
Happy Birthday! Love is not something you can see. Love is something you feel deep in your heart. I love you!
Love,
Lorraine.
Lorraine? The letter is addressing my father, but he and my mother didn't have any siblings. Even if he had a falling out and decided he didn’t want anything to do with his family, why would he lie to me?
Nov. 21th, 1989
Dear Uncle Tony,
I really like staying over and spending time with you and Aunt Pam. I love staying up past my bedtime to watch cartoons and eat chocolate chip cookies. At bedtime, I heard someone whispering my name from under my bed. I was scared. But I peeked over the side of my bed, and my Daddy’s head popped out from underneath. I haven’t seen him since he and Mommy got divorced. I was so happy to see him. Then he asked me to go under the bed with him. His voice was deeper. There was something wrong with his eyes. They were all black. I told him no and rolled back over. I couldn’t sleep for the rest of the night.
- Lorraine
Nov. 28th, 1989
Dear Uncle Tony,
I had lots of fun building snow forts with you and Aunt Pam last weekend. I had more fun when I caught both of you by surprise and nailed you with snowballs. It was fun until bedtime, when the thing that looked like my Daddy called my name again. I told him I wasn’t going to go under the bed with him, and I knew he wasn’t my Daddy. The thing got really mad at me. It grabbed my foot that was hanging off the edge of the bed and scratched it. I wanted to run away, but I was afraid that whatever was under my bed would come out from underneath it and get me.
- Lorraine
To Tony:
I’m always happy to let Lorraine spend the weekend over your house. You’re family after all, and I want her to know her Uncle and Aunt. You and Pam have really been there for Lorraine and I ever since Rick abandoned us a few years ago, but Lorraine came home on Sunday with a scratch on her foot. Please keep a better eye on her while she’s playing.
- Susan
Dec. 8th, 1989
Dear Uncle Tony,
I’m really looking forward to spending Christmas with you! Thank you for buying me a barbie. I love her so much. I was having fun until the monster under my bed started talking to me again. He promised not to hurt me again. He told me if I went under the bed with him I could have all the cookies I wanted. He even held one out for me to take from him. I know it was dumb, but I was hungry and I reached for it, but when I did he grabbed my wrist. I was able to pull back, but he scratched me again and it really hurt this time.
- Lorraine
Dear Pam,
For whatever reason Tony hasn’t bothered to listen to me. I’m looking forward to having Christmas with you, but Lorraine got a big scratch on her wrist. How is she getting hurt so much?
- Susan
Dear Pam,
I really appreciate you and Tony having us over for the holidays, but there’s something really odd that happened when I was there. Lorraine woke me up in the middle of the night. She was crying and telling me that someone was someone under her bed. I walked into the room she was staying in, and there was nothing there. She had fresh scratches on her. What is going on? Clearly, I have not been listened to. I do not think I can allow her over your house if you continue to ignore my requests. I’ll allow both of you one more chance. I do not want to have to do this, but if you force my hand, I will do what I feel is best.
- Susan
Dear Uncle Tony,
I really enjoy seeing you and Aunt Pam, but I don’t know if I wanna come over anymore. I appreciate you letting me sleep in your bed last time, but I’m not safe even with you and Aunt Pam. I could hear the monster calling my name from my bedroom.
- Lorraine
Dear Tony and Pam,
I can not allow Lorraine at your house. When she got home from the last visit, she said she never wanted to go back and wouldn’t stop crying. I don’t know what happened, but she is not going to your home anymore. I’m furious that my rules were not obeyed! How dare you undermine me! I think you know how Lorraine got hurt, too, but I’m starting to think it wasn’t just an accident due to your negligence.
- Susan
Dear Tony and Pam,
How dare you try and play the victim. You want me to reconsider? No way! If you guys didn’t hurt Lorraine, then how come you can’t at the very least admit the both of you are negligent caretakers? How dare you throw in my face all the things you did for Lorraine financially, emotionally, or otherwise. Don’t try to spin me a sob story “Lorraine is the daughter I’ll never have.” Cry me a river. Also, never throw my condition in my face again! I’ve been just fine mentally, and I’ve been taking my medicine. My illness has nothing to do with the decision I’m making. I laughed when I read the part of your letter when you mentioned you were afraid for the child’s well-being because I’m unwell. Don’t ever threaten me! You’ll never see Lorraine or me again as long as you live.
I heard my parents calling my name down the hallway. I followed it to a bedroom. The door creaked loudly as I opened it.
“Max.” The voices called again.
As I entered the room, the door slammed shut behind me. It was probably the wind. Cold, stale air nipped at my face. The bedroom looked like it hadn’t been touched in over thirty years. I remember it my parents said it was a guest bedroom, but we never had any guests. The walls were painted pink and the bedspread was littered with bug carcasses and a few mouse carcasses as well. The whole room smelt so strongly of death and decay I could taste it.
“Hello?” I called out.
“Under here.”
The voice was coming from under the bed. Dread filled my entire being. There had to be a reasonable, logical explanation. I haven’t been sleeping or eating much, maybe it was my mind playing tricks on me. I knew I shouldn’t have, but I crouched down to see under the bed. I had to do it; I needed to see who was calling my name. I peeked under the bed expecting to see the face of some unworldly monster, but instead, I saw the faces of my mother and father.
My father’s old, wrinkled face was stretched into an unnatural smile, and his eyes were black and void of all emotion and life. Long, white, wispy hair hung over his face. My mother’s appearance was nearly identical to Dad’s: her wrinkled face stretched into a smile, her eyes all black, and her hair hanging over her face.
“You’re both dead. I buried you. This isn’t real. You’re not real!” I screamed.
My heart pounded rapidly as I backed away from them.
“We’re real, and we’ve come to see you.” They said.
There was a hope for a minute. Maybe, my parents were still alive and the trip to the morgue along with the funeral were all part of a terrible dream that I’ve woken up from. Perhaps, there was a chance that I had my parents back. As I gazed into their strange smiling faces I realized that there was hardly any mirth in their smiles. These weren’t happy smiles, they were deceptive, designed to get me to let my guard down. The imposters looked hungry and ready to pounce. I knew these were not my parents
I dropped to my knees and clasped my hands around my head. Tears streamed down my face. This can’t be real. I did the only thing that I could think: I got up and ran to the door. The door knob wouldn’t turn. I kicked the door and threw myself against it, but it wouldn’t budge.
They crawled out from under the bed and seized my ankles, pulling them out from underneath me, sending my face crashing down to the cold, hard floor. They continued to pull me towards the endless abyss.
“If you don’t come to us, we’ll come to you.”
I tried to sink my nails into the floorboards. “No!”
Their grip was inhumanly tight. As they dragged me, my nails left trails in the wood. Their nails sank into my ankles, drawing blood. Hot, searing pain filled the bottom half of my body.
“Please let me go.” My plea was only meant with cruel laughter, they were enjoying this.
“Please let me go.” Mom mocked.
“Don’t waste your tears, son. There will be plenty of time for tears soon enough.” Dad said.
I made another attempt to pull my feet loose, and their grip loosened as my ankles grew more and more slick with blood. I pulled and jerked, getting more and more control with each try. I pulled my left foot and slipped from Mom’s grasped. She looked at her blood-stained hands in disbelief, and then I freed my right foot. Before they could grab me again, I kicked both of them in the face. My ankles burning, I struggled to get to my feet. I charged the door with my shoulder lowered. The door gave way on impact, falling off its hinges. Dull, agonizing pain traveled up and down my shoulder, but I ignored it. I rushed down the hallway and threw the front door open.
“Come back!” They screamed.
“Fuck you. You’re not my parents!” I screamed back.
Before I slammed the door shut, a horrible, growl filled the house. The house shook as if there was an earthquake. I slammed the door shut and sprinted to my car. I sped off, gunning it down the street with no care for the speed limit. I don’t know what that thing under the bed was, and sadly, I’ll never know what happened to my Cousin Lorraine or my Aunt Susan.
I haven’t been to my parents’ house since and I refuse to go back there alone. The thing that bothers me the most is that the next owner doesn’t know what they’re in for. I could have the house demolished, but my gut tells me house or no house that, that thing will still be there no matter what.
2024.01.19 21:47 Feroset Did Steak n Shake used to be incredible or is my memory off?
I lived in Sharonville a short time in 1989 and remember Steak n Shake there being the best hamburger I ever had always searing hot fresh of the grill incredible tasting. I now live in Lexington and the Steak n Shake there is so bad I could puke, are they equally bad now in Cincinnati?
Is my memory off or was it incredible back in the 80's (at least in Cincinnati). Because now it's gross..what happened? Or was I just an 18 year old who was easy to please back then?
submitted by Feroset to cincinnati [link] [comments]
Is my memory off or was it incredible back in the 80's (at least in Cincinnati). Because now it's gross..what happened? Or was I just an 18 year old who was easy to please back then?
2024.01.13 06:33 That_Tech_Fleece_Guy Finally!
 | Time to shoot with it till it breaks then spend even more to fix it 😎 Led upgrade on the way, bought an old safariland to go with it too submitted by That_Tech_Fleece_Guy to USPmasterrace [link] [comments] |
2024.01.10 13:41 Foxwarrior3 Godzilla: the Monster King timeline. Part 1 (Q&A included)
Note: this timeline will combine Godzilla and various non-Godzilla things into one universe. Q&A includes elaboration on lore and behind-the-scenes trivia.
445 million years ago: The Late Ordovician mass extinction happens due to a gamma-ray burst, eliminating 49–60% of marine genera and nearly 85% of marine species. The radiation causes mutations, some creatures mutate to absorb radiation and thrive in the increased radiation.
320-65 millions years ago: The prehistoric "Age of Kaiju", which begins around the Carboniferous period sees certain lifeforms begin to grow gigantic sizes. In the Carboniferous, Kumonga, Kamacuras, Megaguirus & their Meganulon swarms become the first Kaiju to roam the earth. Baragon also appears in the Permian. The Permian extinction causes their decline, and around 200 million years ago, Rodans appear and become the dominant aerial predators. Varanopodes, as well as Gorosauruses, Gojirans and Anguiruses evolve. Titanosauruses, Mandas and Ebirahs appear just before the extinction of the dinosaurs.
65 million years ago: Cretaceous Ghidorah attempts to scorch the Earth clean of life, as he has done to other planets in the past. Before it can finish off the rest of the planet's life, the planet's mana produces two protectors in the form of Mothra and Battra. The two insectoid demi-gods are defeated in their larval stage but after growing into their imago forms they manage to drive the young Ghidorah off-world. Most Kaiju retreat undeground to the Hollow Earth or the ocean's depths.
12,000 years ago: The Elias, a race of physically diminutive humans that possess powerful mental abilities and advanced technology rule most of the planet along with regular humans, while also worshiping Kaiju. They use their knowledge to further advance their civilization but when they try to alter Earth’s climate and environment to better suit them, as well as controlling and creating Kaiju, they incur the wrath of Battra. Mothra attempts to stop her twin and the battle between them destroys the Elias. The only survivors, Moll and Lora, are taken in by Mothra. She brings them to her home on Infant Island where they become her priestesses, the Shobijin. A select few humans join them and form a peaceful village isolated from the rest of the world. Mothra provides them with a special water that greatly prolongs life.
Though unknowingly, other remnants of this advanced civilization would escape to the Hollow Earth. The known Kaiju creations of the Elias include Leviathan, Dagahra, Raiga, Pulgasari and Yongarry.
Aprox. 100 BC: The Leviathan, a massive sea snake created by the Elias, is awakened and goes on a rampage across the world's oceans. Dagon, a member of the Gojiran species, fends the monster off multiple times, but eventually gets mortally wounded in a battle at Crete, despite having the help of the mammalian kaiju Behemoth and Mothra. The king of the Mermaids, Orion, and his Kraken queen lover, who's name was lost to history, manage to find a way to seal the monster away with the use of the Trident of Oceanus, which was made from the monster's scales. They petrify the Leviathan with a ritual, but at the cost of their lives.
1030 AD: The alien monster Megalon crash lands in medieval Japan and attacks Okinawa. One of the Emperor’s royal guards, whose name has since been lost to time, performs a secret ritual that transfers his soul into a giant stone statue that comes to life as King Caesar. The knowledge of this ritual and how it was acquired have also been lost. Caesar defeats Megalon, who retreats to hibernate underground. King Caesar places himself into a deep slumber as well, waiting to be awakened by the sacred prayer that calls him to aid Japan again.
Approx. 1500 AD: The legend of Gojira begins on Odo Island. The natives form a tradition of sending out virgin sacrifices to appease the wrathful sea serpent, though this practice is abandoned by the 20th Century.
1953: The lesser known Rhedosaurus makes it's attack on New York city after being awakened by nuclear testing in the Arctic, and ultimately gets killed. Although historians generally agree that the ‘Age of Monsters’ began in 1954 with Godzilla, the Rhedosaurus is still recognized as the first recorded kaiju to appear outside of myth and legend. Following its death, the kaiju's body is taken to the American Museum of Natural History for study. Public access to the remains is strictly forbidden.
1954: An investigation by the Japanese into a series of shipping disasters across the South Pacific discovers the existence of a gigantic dinosaur-type creature known among the natives of Odo Island as Gojira, which is Americanised into ‘Godzilla'. The monster is lured to the Bikini Atoll by the US and Japanese armies where an atomic bomb is detonated under the guise of a test in an attempt to kill it quickly and quietly. The creature not only survives but becomes larger and more powerful. Godzilla backtracks the military to Tokyo and destroys most of the city in retaliation, turning the capital into a sea of fire. The JSDF’s weapons prove totally ineffective against him and only an attack by US and Japanese fighter planes manages to annoy him into retreating. Another attempt is made to kill the creature, this time using Dr. Daisuke Serizawa's experimental Oxygen Destroyer compound. Serizawa destroys all his research and sacrifices himself to activate the weapon so that it can never fall into the wrong hands. Godzilla is believed to have been killed. The Age of Monsters begins.
1955: Anguirus awakens from hibernation in the wilderness of Japan. A second Godzilla, sensing the other kaiju, emerges from the depths of the Pacific to investigate. The two meet in Osaka and fight one another in the first recorded kaiju-on-kaiju battle. Anguirus is forced into retreat while Godzilla is later frozen in an avalanche of ice in Kamiko Island.
1956: A mining village in northern Kyushu accidentally awakens a Meganulon hive. The giant insects kill and devour many of the miners. They then pupate into Meganula and absorb the radiation of underground uranium deposits to feed to their queen, who mutates into Megaguirus. Megaguirus emerges and destroys a good portion of the village. However, the commotion awakens Rodan, the last of a species of giant pterosaur that was the natural predator of the Meganula. Rodan destroys the hive and engages Megaguirus in an aerial dogfight which leads them to Fukuoka. The city is almost completely leveled by the two kaiju before the JSDF drives them off. Megaguirus retreats to an unknown hideout while Rodan head into the Japanese Alps, where the JSDF chooses to leave the solitary kaiju undisturbed.
1958: The kaiju Varan awakens in the outback of Australia. The creature goes on a rampage all the way to Sydney. Varan is eventually defeated using a new chemical weapon that forces the reptile to retreat into the sea.
1960: Infant Island and the Shobijin are discovered by a team investigating the effects of nearby nuclear tests on the surrounding islands. The tiny twin priestesses are kidnapped by businessman Clark Nelson and taken back to Japan to be capitalized on as a sideshow attraction. The Shobijin pray to Mothra for help and the kaiju hatches from her egg, attacking Tokyo in her larval form to rescue the girls. The JSDF injures Mothra, who cocoons herself on Tokyo Tower. The public demands the release of the Shobijin but Nelson tries to take the girls back to America with him. Fortunately, they are rescued by Professor Shinichi Chujo and Nelson is killed in a shootout with police. The JSDF tries to kill the pupating Mothra with their new Atomic Heat Ray Cannon but it only accelerates her maturation. Mothra emerges in her imago form and heads for Haneda Airport, lured with a symbol painted by Chujo on the runway tarmac. The girls and Mothra are reunited and return to Infant Island.
1961: London is attacked by the Gorgon creature Orka, who's seeking to find their kidnapped offspring Gorgo. The creatures then go back to the sea after reuniting.
1963: An island expedition leads to the discovery of the Matango creature. A long-dead body of an Anguirus, with Matango growing on it is also discovered. The island is then quarantined to prevent the spread of the Matango with any infected being cremated on site.
1965: The burrowing kaiju Baragon awakens in the Kamchatka Peninsula of Russia. The creature attacks several villages, devouring everything from animals to people. The GDF engages the kaiju before he can make it to Moscow. They use a new experimental weapon known as the Maser Cannon to drive it back underground. Following this successful test, Maser weapon technology is put into mass production.
1967: The monsters Gorosaurus, Kamacuras, and Kumonga are awakened by the conflict of the Vietnam War. Kamacuras and Kumonga attack and consume soldiers on both sides along with local villagers. Gorosaurus attempts to stop them, though this is deemed to be a territorial dispute rather than any attempt to protect the humans. Gorosaurus cannot fight both foes at once, but Anguirus eventually arrives on the scene and, to the surprise of onlookers, the two join forces to defeat the arthropods. Gorosaurus disappears into the wilds of Malaysia afterward, while Anguirus goes to the Himalayas.
1970: The Helios 7, an unmanned space probe, is launched on a mission to Mars, but an unexpected malfunction causes it to head wildly off-course and crash in the Pacific Ocean near Selgio Island. The disturbance awakens a giant cephalopod kaiju, known in local legend as Gezora. The monster’s subsequent rampage gains the attention of two more kaiju, Ganimes, and Kamoebas. They eventually meet and a three-way brawl ensues. It ends when a GDF team and the NASA team, sent there to retrieve the probe, and the natives, managed to use the weapons they had on hand to cause a small volcanic eruption on the island's north. The lava flow badly seared Gezora and drove the other two Kaiju back until their combined weight caused the unstable cliff edge to collapse, plunging all three of them into the sea. None of them resurfaced and they were presumed dead.
1971: King Ghidorah arives on Earth and begins causing havoc all across Japan. This gains the attention of Mothra and causes Anguirus and Rodan to awaken, while Godzilla escapes his icy tomb. Godzilla and Rodan meet and begin to duel. Mothra, with help from Anguirus, convinces them to join her in the battle against their true enemy and all four Earth kaiju attack King Ghidorah. Mothra is killed in the battle, however, her twin, newly-hatched larva join in and help drive Ghidorah off-world.
1973: Godzilla attacks Tokai, Japan to feed on the reactor of the nuclear power plant. Shortly after, Godzilla is attacked by the recently awakened sea monster Ebirah. The battle attracts the attention of Megaguirus, who tries to feed on the energy of both kaiju. After a long, lengthy struggle, Godzilla forces both of his opponents to retreat.
1974: Godzilla goes on a rampage throughout Japan, only to be intercepted by another Godzilla. It is then discovered that the first Godzilla is actually a robot in disguise named MechaGodzilla. MechaGodzilla’s advanced weaponry overwhelms Godzilla, but the robot’s main controls are damaged by a blast from Godzilla’s Atomic Breath, forcing both to retreat. The GDF discover that MechaGodzilla is actually the creation of an extraterrestrial invasion force called the Cryog, a race of shape-shifters whose home planet had been destroyed by King Ghidorah, leaving their civilization wandering the empty tracks of space in search of a habitable world. MechaGodzilla is eventually defeated by the combined efforts of Godzilla and King Caesar while a GDF battalion destroys most of the Cryog’s small strike force. MechaGodzilla's remains are recovered by the GDF for study and the attack is covered up as a terrorist plot to prevent widespread panic. The remaining Cryog escape into space but vow to return.
1975: The aquatic monster Titanosaurus is discovered off the southern coast of Taiwan. However, the monster appears friendly towards humans, only attacking a naval submarine in an act of self-defense. After much debate, the kaiju is allowed to remain in its natural habitat but is kept under constant surveillance by the GDF.
1980: Growing environmental destruction causes Battra to awaken and go on a rampage across Japan. Mothra arrives to calm her brother down, but Godzilla also appears after sensing Battra in "his" territory. Godzilla and Battra fight while Mothra attempts to pacify them both. With assistance from the GDF, Mothra is eventually able to break up the fight. Battra heads for the Bering Sea while Godzilla returns to the Pacific and Mothra to Infant Island.
1986: The massive release of radiation from the Chernobyl disaster triggers the first recorded mass awakening of the Kaiju, who all immediately begin migrating towards the north Ukrainian SSR. This includes Methuselah and Amhuluk from Munich, Germany and the Manpupuner Rock Formations, Russia. The GDF find themselves overwhelmed trying to evacuate those caught in the Kaijus' path while also trying to steer them away from population centers. Trying to find out what could be driving all the Kaiju into such a frenzy, the GDF quickly deduces that there has been a severe nuclear accident at Chernobyl, despite the Soviet's attempts to cover up the true extent of the damage.
Although Soviet authorities try to keep the local population calm and under control, a panic ensues once the Kaiju start arriving. Rodan is first and attempts to gorge himself on the burning nuclear fuel, but his efforts are hampered by Mothra, who fears her fellow Kaiju may make things worse in their attempts to feed. The two flying beasts get into a fight and are soon joined by Baragon and Anguirus. Varan, Kamacuras and the Gorgons also arrive, each Kaiju squabbling with the others for their share of the radiation pouring out of the reactor. Tunneling under the site, Anguirus and Baragon drink up all the contaminated water in the tanks beneath the exploded reactor, unintentionally preventing an even worse explosion. The GDF and the Soviet military form a massive ring of soldiers and vehicles around the site, but against so many Kaiju there is little they can do. With no way to get to the plant itself, no work can be done to contain the spread of radiation and it is feared that the situation will only worsen. However, Godzilla finally arrives and asserts his status as the Alpha, forcing the other Kaiju to wait their turn while he has his fill of the radiation, although Amhuluk briefly resists. A melted lump of fuel which should have remained radioactive for centuries is drained dry in a matter of weeks as each Kaiju takes their turn basking in the ruins of the plant. Mothra flies over the surrounding area absorbing the fallout and cleansing the plant and animal life. Methuselah goes back to hibernation, while Amhuluk wanders Siberia.
1987: A second dead Kamoebas washes up in Guam. DNA analysis confirms it to be a different subspecies. It appeared to have died from its wounds after a battle: there were lacerations on the right forelimb and face, and its shell was penetrated and was melting. Godzilla was initially suspected to be the cause, but the lacerations looked like they belonged to a giant cephalopod-like creature, that was neither Gezora or the Giant Octopus, since it must have had a powerful beam weapon to melt the shell.
1989: Godzilla arrives near Mt. St. Helens, seemingly attracted by the bio-acoustic signal in the area. This causes Biollante to appear out of fear and fight Godzilla. Both survive, Biollante turns into spores and settles on an uninhabitated island in the Pacific, as Godzilla retreats to the ocean.
1991: The GDF’s work on designs for various types of flying battleship meant to combine aerial agility with durability and firepower culminate in the Super X and the Garuda. The Super X is critically damaged in a battle above New Zealand against Varan but manages to drive the giant gliding lizard away. Garuda successfully protects the Peruvian capital of Lima from Kamacuras, but the fight lays bare the ship’s limitations. A young technician named Kazuma Aoki suggests a modification for the Garuda that will allow it to combine with MechaGodzilla to increase the machine’s maneuverability and firepower. This combination, dubbed Super MechaGodzilla, manages to go toe-to-toe with Godzilla himself in a famous battle outside Kyoto. Due to the unexpected intervention of Rodan, the fight ends in a stalemate.
1992: The Super X 2 is completed but takes critical damage in a fight with Godzilla off the Japanese coast, though its reflective Fire Mirror and Cadmium Missiles cause enough injury to Godzilla that he retreats rather than face Super MechaGodzilla. The GDF starts work on the Super X 3, which will be equipped with experimental freezing weapons meant to immobilize kaiju. It also draws up plans for a new class of flying battleship meant to operate in all possible environments, including aerial, aquatic and subterranean: the Gotengo.
1994: A colony of Precambrian crustaceans who were mutated by the original Oxygen Destroyer over the course of 40 years create Destoroyah. It attacks Tokyo, but is confronted by Mothra and MG UN, who hold it off. Godzilla then arrives and helps defeat the monstrous kaiju, supposedly killing it. Godzilla returns to the seas, in order to recover from the effects of Destoroyah's Micro-Oxygen's Beam.
1996: A deep-sea survey team stumbles upon the sleeping Godzilla. Rather than disturb or attack him, the GDF uses the opportunity to make a full X-ray analysis of Godzilla’s skeletal structure. The data collected is put to use in the construction of another, more advanced MechaGodzilla that will imitate the organic movements of the real Godzilla for a more flexible fighting form. To distinguish it from MG UN, the new mecha is nicknamed ‘Kiryu’. Dr. Naoko Akagi helps to design Kiryu’s most crucial piece of software: a DNA-based computer that will handle sub-conscious motor control functions for the pilot.
1998: A new kaiju appears in New York City. At first, thought to be Godzilla due to its close resemblance and ambient radioactivity, the creature is quickly found to be an entirely different creature. Given the name Zilla as a homage, the creature is discovered to be capable of asexual reproduction and that it is using the city as a nesting site. Both the adult and his offspring are killed by the GDF's American Branch. However one egg survives, and a new Zilla hatches. The GDF captures the newborn and discovers that it is fortunately infertile. It's raised by Monarch scientist Nick Tatopoulos and his team, naming it Zilla Junior.
1999: A temple is discovered in the Philippines by a GDF-funded archeological team. A mysterious mural is found inside depicting every known kaiju on Earth, as well as unknown ones. The painting is estimated to be thousands, possibly tens of thousands of years old, but its origins are a complete mystery. Scientists are stumped as to how so many kaiju who were not known to exist until modern times could be depicted in a single artwork. The mural is excavated and taken back to the GDF's main branch in Japan for further analysis and study.
2000-2010's: Technology reaches the pinnacle of advancement, and humanity is now years ahead of where they would have been if not for the Cryog invasion.
More on Part 2...
https://www.reddit.com/GODZILLA/comments/1937fkj/godzilla_the_monster_king_timeline_part_2_qa/
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445 million years ago: The Late Ordovician mass extinction happens due to a gamma-ray burst, eliminating 49–60% of marine genera and nearly 85% of marine species. The radiation causes mutations, some creatures mutate to absorb radiation and thrive in the increased radiation.
320-65 millions years ago: The prehistoric "Age of Kaiju", which begins around the Carboniferous period sees certain lifeforms begin to grow gigantic sizes. In the Carboniferous, Kumonga, Kamacuras, Megaguirus & their Meganulon swarms become the first Kaiju to roam the earth. Baragon also appears in the Permian. The Permian extinction causes their decline, and around 200 million years ago, Rodans appear and become the dominant aerial predators. Varanopodes, as well as Gorosauruses, Gojirans and Anguiruses evolve. Titanosauruses, Mandas and Ebirahs appear just before the extinction of the dinosaurs.
65 million years ago: Cretaceous Ghidorah attempts to scorch the Earth clean of life, as he has done to other planets in the past. Before it can finish off the rest of the planet's life, the planet's mana produces two protectors in the form of Mothra and Battra. The two insectoid demi-gods are defeated in their larval stage but after growing into their imago forms they manage to drive the young Ghidorah off-world. Most Kaiju retreat undeground to the Hollow Earth or the ocean's depths.
12,000 years ago: The Elias, a race of physically diminutive humans that possess powerful mental abilities and advanced technology rule most of the planet along with regular humans, while also worshiping Kaiju. They use their knowledge to further advance their civilization but when they try to alter Earth’s climate and environment to better suit them, as well as controlling and creating Kaiju, they incur the wrath of Battra. Mothra attempts to stop her twin and the battle between them destroys the Elias. The only survivors, Moll and Lora, are taken in by Mothra. She brings them to her home on Infant Island where they become her priestesses, the Shobijin. A select few humans join them and form a peaceful village isolated from the rest of the world. Mothra provides them with a special water that greatly prolongs life.
Though unknowingly, other remnants of this advanced civilization would escape to the Hollow Earth. The known Kaiju creations of the Elias include Leviathan, Dagahra, Raiga, Pulgasari and Yongarry.
Aprox. 100 BC: The Leviathan, a massive sea snake created by the Elias, is awakened and goes on a rampage across the world's oceans. Dagon, a member of the Gojiran species, fends the monster off multiple times, but eventually gets mortally wounded in a battle at Crete, despite having the help of the mammalian kaiju Behemoth and Mothra. The king of the Mermaids, Orion, and his Kraken queen lover, who's name was lost to history, manage to find a way to seal the monster away with the use of the Trident of Oceanus, which was made from the monster's scales. They petrify the Leviathan with a ritual, but at the cost of their lives.
1030 AD: The alien monster Megalon crash lands in medieval Japan and attacks Okinawa. One of the Emperor’s royal guards, whose name has since been lost to time, performs a secret ritual that transfers his soul into a giant stone statue that comes to life as King Caesar. The knowledge of this ritual and how it was acquired have also been lost. Caesar defeats Megalon, who retreats to hibernate underground. King Caesar places himself into a deep slumber as well, waiting to be awakened by the sacred prayer that calls him to aid Japan again.
Approx. 1500 AD: The legend of Gojira begins on Odo Island. The natives form a tradition of sending out virgin sacrifices to appease the wrathful sea serpent, though this practice is abandoned by the 20th Century.
1953: The lesser known Rhedosaurus makes it's attack on New York city after being awakened by nuclear testing in the Arctic, and ultimately gets killed. Although historians generally agree that the ‘Age of Monsters’ began in 1954 with Godzilla, the Rhedosaurus is still recognized as the first recorded kaiju to appear outside of myth and legend. Following its death, the kaiju's body is taken to the American Museum of Natural History for study. Public access to the remains is strictly forbidden.
1954: An investigation by the Japanese into a series of shipping disasters across the South Pacific discovers the existence of a gigantic dinosaur-type creature known among the natives of Odo Island as Gojira, which is Americanised into ‘Godzilla'. The monster is lured to the Bikini Atoll by the US and Japanese armies where an atomic bomb is detonated under the guise of a test in an attempt to kill it quickly and quietly. The creature not only survives but becomes larger and more powerful. Godzilla backtracks the military to Tokyo and destroys most of the city in retaliation, turning the capital into a sea of fire. The JSDF’s weapons prove totally ineffective against him and only an attack by US and Japanese fighter planes manages to annoy him into retreating. Another attempt is made to kill the creature, this time using Dr. Daisuke Serizawa's experimental Oxygen Destroyer compound. Serizawa destroys all his research and sacrifices himself to activate the weapon so that it can never fall into the wrong hands. Godzilla is believed to have been killed. The Age of Monsters begins.
1955: Anguirus awakens from hibernation in the wilderness of Japan. A second Godzilla, sensing the other kaiju, emerges from the depths of the Pacific to investigate. The two meet in Osaka and fight one another in the first recorded kaiju-on-kaiju battle. Anguirus is forced into retreat while Godzilla is later frozen in an avalanche of ice in Kamiko Island.
1956: A mining village in northern Kyushu accidentally awakens a Meganulon hive. The giant insects kill and devour many of the miners. They then pupate into Meganula and absorb the radiation of underground uranium deposits to feed to their queen, who mutates into Megaguirus. Megaguirus emerges and destroys a good portion of the village. However, the commotion awakens Rodan, the last of a species of giant pterosaur that was the natural predator of the Meganula. Rodan destroys the hive and engages Megaguirus in an aerial dogfight which leads them to Fukuoka. The city is almost completely leveled by the two kaiju before the JSDF drives them off. Megaguirus retreats to an unknown hideout while Rodan head into the Japanese Alps, where the JSDF chooses to leave the solitary kaiju undisturbed.
1958: The kaiju Varan awakens in the outback of Australia. The creature goes on a rampage all the way to Sydney. Varan is eventually defeated using a new chemical weapon that forces the reptile to retreat into the sea.
1960: Infant Island and the Shobijin are discovered by a team investigating the effects of nearby nuclear tests on the surrounding islands. The tiny twin priestesses are kidnapped by businessman Clark Nelson and taken back to Japan to be capitalized on as a sideshow attraction. The Shobijin pray to Mothra for help and the kaiju hatches from her egg, attacking Tokyo in her larval form to rescue the girls. The JSDF injures Mothra, who cocoons herself on Tokyo Tower. The public demands the release of the Shobijin but Nelson tries to take the girls back to America with him. Fortunately, they are rescued by Professor Shinichi Chujo and Nelson is killed in a shootout with police. The JSDF tries to kill the pupating Mothra with their new Atomic Heat Ray Cannon but it only accelerates her maturation. Mothra emerges in her imago form and heads for Haneda Airport, lured with a symbol painted by Chujo on the runway tarmac. The girls and Mothra are reunited and return to Infant Island.
1961: London is attacked by the Gorgon creature Orka, who's seeking to find their kidnapped offspring Gorgo. The creatures then go back to the sea after reuniting.
- Reptilicus, a creature with incredible regenerative powers, attacks Demark. It's killed with the use of liquid nitrogen after rampaging across Copenhagen.
1963: An island expedition leads to the discovery of the Matango creature. A long-dead body of an Anguirus, with Matango growing on it is also discovered. The island is then quarantined to prevent the spread of the Matango with any infected being cremated on site.
- The serpentine monster Manda is awakened off the coast of Shanghai, China. The monster eventually attacks the city but is driven off by the combined might of the Chinese and Japanese armed forces. After this event, the UN creates the Global Defense Force to combat the rising "kaiju epidemic". A science division is also created, named Monarch, which studies and examines kaiju.
1965: The burrowing kaiju Baragon awakens in the Kamchatka Peninsula of Russia. The creature attacks several villages, devouring everything from animals to people. The GDF engages the kaiju before he can make it to Moscow. They use a new experimental weapon known as the Maser Cannon to drive it back underground. Following this successful test, Maser weapon technology is put into mass production.
1967: The monsters Gorosaurus, Kamacuras, and Kumonga are awakened by the conflict of the Vietnam War. Kamacuras and Kumonga attack and consume soldiers on both sides along with local villagers. Gorosaurus attempts to stop them, though this is deemed to be a territorial dispute rather than any attempt to protect the humans. Gorosaurus cannot fight both foes at once, but Anguirus eventually arrives on the scene and, to the surprise of onlookers, the two join forces to defeat the arthropods. Gorosaurus disappears into the wilds of Malaysia afterward, while Anguirus goes to the Himalayas.
1970: The Helios 7, an unmanned space probe, is launched on a mission to Mars, but an unexpected malfunction causes it to head wildly off-course and crash in the Pacific Ocean near Selgio Island. The disturbance awakens a giant cephalopod kaiju, known in local legend as Gezora. The monster’s subsequent rampage gains the attention of two more kaiju, Ganimes, and Kamoebas. They eventually meet and a three-way brawl ensues. It ends when a GDF team and the NASA team, sent there to retrieve the probe, and the natives, managed to use the weapons they had on hand to cause a small volcanic eruption on the island's north. The lava flow badly seared Gezora and drove the other two Kaiju back until their combined weight caused the unstable cliff edge to collapse, plunging all three of them into the sea. None of them resurfaced and they were presumed dead.
1971: King Ghidorah arives on Earth and begins causing havoc all across Japan. This gains the attention of Mothra and causes Anguirus and Rodan to awaken, while Godzilla escapes his icy tomb. Godzilla and Rodan meet and begin to duel. Mothra, with help from Anguirus, convinces them to join her in the battle against their true enemy and all four Earth kaiju attack King Ghidorah. Mothra is killed in the battle, however, her twin, newly-hatched larva join in and help drive Ghidorah off-world.
1973: Godzilla attacks Tokai, Japan to feed on the reactor of the nuclear power plant. Shortly after, Godzilla is attacked by the recently awakened sea monster Ebirah. The battle attracts the attention of Megaguirus, who tries to feed on the energy of both kaiju. After a long, lengthy struggle, Godzilla forces both of his opponents to retreat.
1974: Godzilla goes on a rampage throughout Japan, only to be intercepted by another Godzilla. It is then discovered that the first Godzilla is actually a robot in disguise named MechaGodzilla. MechaGodzilla’s advanced weaponry overwhelms Godzilla, but the robot’s main controls are damaged by a blast from Godzilla’s Atomic Breath, forcing both to retreat. The GDF discover that MechaGodzilla is actually the creation of an extraterrestrial invasion force called the Cryog, a race of shape-shifters whose home planet had been destroyed by King Ghidorah, leaving their civilization wandering the empty tracks of space in search of a habitable world. MechaGodzilla is eventually defeated by the combined efforts of Godzilla and King Caesar while a GDF battalion destroys most of the Cryog’s small strike force. MechaGodzilla's remains are recovered by the GDF for study and the attack is covered up as a terrorist plot to prevent widespread panic. The remaining Cryog escape into space but vow to return.
1975: The aquatic monster Titanosaurus is discovered off the southern coast of Taiwan. However, the monster appears friendly towards humans, only attacking a naval submarine in an act of self-defense. After much debate, the kaiju is allowed to remain in its natural habitat but is kept under constant surveillance by the GDF.
1980: Growing environmental destruction causes Battra to awaken and go on a rampage across Japan. Mothra arrives to calm her brother down, but Godzilla also appears after sensing Battra in "his" territory. Godzilla and Battra fight while Mothra attempts to pacify them both. With assistance from the GDF, Mothra is eventually able to break up the fight. Battra heads for the Bering Sea while Godzilla returns to the Pacific and Mothra to Infant Island.
- The CIA is operating on kidnapped children across the United States at the peak of the Cold War. One of them is a young Japanese girl codenamed 094, who was injected with an experimental G-cell serum, derived from Godzilla, to increase her psychic powers. She escapes and hides. Until she went berserk when she was confronted by the same organization and took control of the large part of Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, becoming a giant "literal" forest Kaiju and killed several people before the mountain collapsed and destroyed everything in its path. Including the young phytokinetic girl, but her body was not found. A few weeks later, Monarch discovered a large abundance of wild Red Roses but after a number of deaths upon reaching the site, Monarch officially puts in a quarantine zone to prevent any more casualties.
- Professor Ishiro Serizawa, the nephew of Daisuke Serizawa, joins Monarch at 21-years-old.
1986: The massive release of radiation from the Chernobyl disaster triggers the first recorded mass awakening of the Kaiju, who all immediately begin migrating towards the north Ukrainian SSR. This includes Methuselah and Amhuluk from Munich, Germany and the Manpupuner Rock Formations, Russia. The GDF find themselves overwhelmed trying to evacuate those caught in the Kaijus' path while also trying to steer them away from population centers. Trying to find out what could be driving all the Kaiju into such a frenzy, the GDF quickly deduces that there has been a severe nuclear accident at Chernobyl, despite the Soviet's attempts to cover up the true extent of the damage.
Although Soviet authorities try to keep the local population calm and under control, a panic ensues once the Kaiju start arriving. Rodan is first and attempts to gorge himself on the burning nuclear fuel, but his efforts are hampered by Mothra, who fears her fellow Kaiju may make things worse in their attempts to feed. The two flying beasts get into a fight and are soon joined by Baragon and Anguirus. Varan, Kamacuras and the Gorgons also arrive, each Kaiju squabbling with the others for their share of the radiation pouring out of the reactor. Tunneling under the site, Anguirus and Baragon drink up all the contaminated water in the tanks beneath the exploded reactor, unintentionally preventing an even worse explosion. The GDF and the Soviet military form a massive ring of soldiers and vehicles around the site, but against so many Kaiju there is little they can do. With no way to get to the plant itself, no work can be done to contain the spread of radiation and it is feared that the situation will only worsen. However, Godzilla finally arrives and asserts his status as the Alpha, forcing the other Kaiju to wait their turn while he has his fill of the radiation, although Amhuluk briefly resists. A melted lump of fuel which should have remained radioactive for centuries is drained dry in a matter of weeks as each Kaiju takes their turn basking in the ruins of the plant. Mothra flies over the surrounding area absorbing the fallout and cleansing the plant and animal life. Methuselah goes back to hibernation, while Amhuluk wanders Siberia.
1987: A second dead Kamoebas washes up in Guam. DNA analysis confirms it to be a different subspecies. It appeared to have died from its wounds after a battle: there were lacerations on the right forelimb and face, and its shell was penetrated and was melting. Godzilla was initially suspected to be the cause, but the lacerations looked like they belonged to a giant cephalopod-like creature, that was neither Gezora or the Giant Octopus, since it must have had a powerful beam weapon to melt the shell.
1989: Godzilla arrives near Mt. St. Helens, seemingly attracted by the bio-acoustic signal in the area. This causes Biollante to appear out of fear and fight Godzilla. Both survive, Biollante turns into spores and settles on an uninhabitated island in the Pacific, as Godzilla retreats to the ocean.
- The GDF approaches the privately/donation-funded ESP Research Institute when one of their prodigy students, 17-year-old Miki Saegusa, claims that she is able to sense Godzilla's movements from across huge distances. The GDF is skeptical at first, but Ms. Saegusa demonstrates her telepathic and telekinetic abilities, then accurately predicts that Godzilla is approaching Osaka. In a desperate attempt to delay the kaiju king while the city is being evacuated, the GDF ask Ms Saegusa to reach into his mind and try to stall him. She makes a telepathic probe, looking for any sort of intelligence so that she can convince him to leave peacefully, but Godzilla becomes aware of her intrusion and forces her out, the psychic blowback knocking her unconscious. In her debriefing at GDF HQ, Ms. Saegusa states that had he wanted to, Godzilla could have easily killed her through sheer force of will and recommends that no one ever try what she did again. Ms. Saegusa is commissioned by the GDF to join Monarch and help them study Godzilla and his fellow kaiju.
1991: The GDF’s work on designs for various types of flying battleship meant to combine aerial agility with durability and firepower culminate in the Super X and the Garuda. The Super X is critically damaged in a battle above New Zealand against Varan but manages to drive the giant gliding lizard away. Garuda successfully protects the Peruvian capital of Lima from Kamacuras, but the fight lays bare the ship’s limitations. A young technician named Kazuma Aoki suggests a modification for the Garuda that will allow it to combine with MechaGodzilla to increase the machine’s maneuverability and firepower. This combination, dubbed Super MechaGodzilla, manages to go toe-to-toe with Godzilla himself in a famous battle outside Kyoto. Due to the unexpected intervention of Rodan, the fight ends in a stalemate.
1992: The Super X 2 is completed but takes critical damage in a fight with Godzilla off the Japanese coast, though its reflective Fire Mirror and Cadmium Missiles cause enough injury to Godzilla that he retreats rather than face Super MechaGodzilla. The GDF starts work on the Super X 3, which will be equipped with experimental freezing weapons meant to immobilize kaiju. It also draws up plans for a new class of flying battleship meant to operate in all possible environments, including aerial, aquatic and subterranean: the Gotengo.
1994: A colony of Precambrian crustaceans who were mutated by the original Oxygen Destroyer over the course of 40 years create Destoroyah. It attacks Tokyo, but is confronted by Mothra and MG UN, who hold it off. Godzilla then arrives and helps defeat the monstrous kaiju, supposedly killing it. Godzilla returns to the seas, in order to recover from the effects of Destoroyah's Micro-Oxygen's Beam.
1996: A deep-sea survey team stumbles upon the sleeping Godzilla. Rather than disturb or attack him, the GDF uses the opportunity to make a full X-ray analysis of Godzilla’s skeletal structure. The data collected is put to use in the construction of another, more advanced MechaGodzilla that will imitate the organic movements of the real Godzilla for a more flexible fighting form. To distinguish it from MG UN, the new mecha is nicknamed ‘Kiryu’. Dr. Naoko Akagi helps to design Kiryu’s most crucial piece of software: a DNA-based computer that will handle sub-conscious motor control functions for the pilot.
- The Kraken Kingdom is discovered. The GDF and the Krakens form a peace agreement to not interfere in each others business. The event and the existence of Krakens and Mermaids isn't made public.
1998: A new kaiju appears in New York City. At first, thought to be Godzilla due to its close resemblance and ambient radioactivity, the creature is quickly found to be an entirely different creature. Given the name Zilla as a homage, the creature is discovered to be capable of asexual reproduction and that it is using the city as a nesting site. Both the adult and his offspring are killed by the GDF's American Branch. However one egg survives, and a new Zilla hatches. The GDF captures the newborn and discovers that it is fortunately infertile. It's raised by Monarch scientist Nick Tatopoulos and his team, naming it Zilla Junior.
1999: A temple is discovered in the Philippines by a GDF-funded archeological team. A mysterious mural is found inside depicting every known kaiju on Earth, as well as unknown ones. The painting is estimated to be thousands, possibly tens of thousands of years old, but its origins are a complete mystery. Scientists are stumped as to how so many kaiju who were not known to exist until modern times could be depicted in a single artwork. The mural is excavated and taken back to the GDF's main branch in Japan for further analysis and study.
2000-2010's: Technology reaches the pinnacle of advancement, and humanity is now years ahead of where they would have been if not for the Cryog invasion.
- Using the mural they found, the GDF and Monarch are able to discover many dormant Kaiju across the world, constructing outposts meant to monitor and research them.
More on Part 2...
https://www.reddit.com/GODZILLA/comments/1937fkj/godzilla_the_monster_king_timeline_part_2_qa/
2024.01.03 06:43 CMDR_Trevor First ever video with a vintage Sears 3000 series camera from 1989
 | Winged a music video for my buddy Tom (tommyshermulis.com) just got friends together and had fun. Camera Model 934.53961550 submitted by CMDR_Trevor to camcorders [link] [comments] |
2023.12.28 17:51 thinkingstranger December 27, 2023
https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/december-27-2023
Fifty years ago tomorrow, on December 28, 1973, President Richard Nixon signed the Endangered Species Act into law. Declaring that Congress had determined that “various species of fish, wildlife, and plants in the United States have been rendered extinct as a consequence of economic growth and development untempered by adequate concern and conservation,” the act provided for the protection of endangered species.
Just over a decade before, in 1962, ecologist Rachel Carson had published Silent Spring, documenting how pesticides designed to eliminate insects were devastating entire ecosystems of linked organisms. The realization that human destruction of the natural world could make the planet uninhabitable spurred Congress in 1970 to create the Environmental Protection Agency. And in 1973, when Nixon called for stronger laws to protect species in danger of extinction, 194 Democrats and 160 Republicans in the House—99% of those voting—voted yes. Only four Republicans in the House voted no.
Such strong congressional support for protecting the environment signaled that a new era was at hand. While President Gerald Ford, who succeeded Nixon, tended to dial back environmental protections when he could in order to promote the development of oil and gas resources, President Jimmy Carter pressed the protection of the environment when he took office in 1977.
In 1978, Carter placed 56 million acres of land in Alaska under federal protection as national monuments, doubling the size of the national park system. “These areas contain resources of unequaled scientific, historic and cultural value, and include some of the most spectacular scenery and wildlife in the world,” he said. In 1979 he had 32 solar panels installed at the White House to help heat the water for the building and demonstrate that it was possible to curb U.S. dependence on fossil fuels. Just before he left office, Carter signed into law the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, protecting more than 100 million acres in Alaska, including additional protections for the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
Oil companies, mining companies, timber companies, the cattle industry, and local officials eager for development strongly opposed Carter’s moves to protect the environment. In Alaska, local activists deliberately broke the regulations in the newly protected places, portraying Carter as King George III—against whom the American colonists revolted in 1776—and insisting that the protection of lands violated the promise of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness promised in the Declaration of Independence.
For the most part, though, opposition to federal protection of the environment showed up as a drive to reform government regulations that, opponents argued, gave far too much power to unelected bureaucrats. In environmental regulations, the federal government’s protection of the public good ran smack into economic development.
In their 1980 presidential platform, Republicans claimed to be committed to “the conservation and wise management of America’s renewable natural resources” and said the government must protect public health. But they were not convinced that current laws and regulations provided benefits that justified their costs. “Too often,” they said, “current regulations are…rigid and narrow,” and they “strongly affirm[ed] that environmental protection must not become a cover for a ‘no-growth’ policy and a shrinking economy.”
In his acceptance speech for the Republican presidential nomination, Ronald Reagan explained that he wanted to see the U.S. produce more energy to fuel “growth and productivity. Large amounts of oil and natural gas lay beneath our land and off our shores, untouched because the present Administration seems to believe the American people would rather see more regulation, taxes and controls than more energy.”
In his farewell address after voters elected Reagan, Carter urged Americans to “protect the quality of this world within which we live…. There are real and growing dangers to our simple and our most precious possessions: the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the land which sustains us,” he warned. “The rapid depletion of irreplaceable minerals, the erosion of topsoil, the destruction of beauty, the blight of pollution, the demands of increasing billions of people, all combine to create problems which are easy to observe and predict, but difficult to resolve. If we do not act, the world of the year 2000 will be much less able to sustain life than it is now.”
“But,” Carter added, “[a]cknowledging the physical realities of our planet does not mean a dismal future of endless sacrifice. In fact, acknowledging these realities is the first step in dealing with them. We can meet the resource problems of the world—water, food, minerals, farmlands, forests, overpopulation, pollution if we tackle them with courage and foresight.”
Reagan began by appointing pro-industry officials James G. Watt and Anne M. Gorsuch (mother of Supreme Court justice Neil Gorsuch) as secretary of the interior and administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, respectively; they set out to gut government regulation of the environment by slashing budgets and firing staff. But both resigned under scandal in 1983, and their replacements satisfied neither those who wanted to return to the practices of the Carter years nor those who wanted to get rid of those practices altogether.
Still, with their focus on developing oil and gas, when workers repairing the White House roof removed the solar panels in 1986, Reagan administration officials declined to reinstall them.
Forty years later, we are reaping the fruits of that shift away from the atmosphere that gave us the Endangered Species Act and toward a focus on developing fossil fuels. On November 30 the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), an agency of the United Nations, reported that global temperatures in 2023 were at record highs both on land and in the seas, Antarctic sea ice extent is at a record low, and devastating fires, floods, outbreaks of disease, and searing heat waves have pounded human communities this year.
The WMO released this provisional report the same day that the U.N. Climate Change negotiations, known as COP28, began in the United Arab Emirates. United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres urged leaders to commit to act to address climate change, while there was still time to avoid “the worst of climate chaos.” After a year in which countries staggered under extreme weather events, climate change is on people’s minds: nearly 80,000 people, including world leaders and celebrities, registered to attend COP28.
After the convention ended on December 13, Umair Irfan of Vox summarized the agreement hashed out there. For the first time in 27 such conventions, countries explicitly called for the phasing out of fossil fuel…but they didn’t say when or by how much. After taking stock of what countries are doing to address climate change, the meeting concluded that efforts to reduce emissions, invest in technology, adapt to warming, and help suffering countries are all falling short.
In addition to acknowledging the need to move away from fossil fuels, COP28 agreed to cut methane, boost renewable energy considerably, and help countries that are dealing with the fallout from climate change: island nations, for example. But emissions of greenhouse gases continue to rise, and the hope of limiting warmer temperatures to 1.5 degrees Celsius now seems a long shot. Still, renewable energy capacity grew nearly 10% in 2022, led by solar and wind power.
Today President Joe Biden used the anniversary of the Endangered Species Act to reclaim the spirit of the era in which it was written, urging Americans to protect ecosystems and biodiversity, “honor all the progress we have made toward protecting endangered species,” and to “come together to conserve our planet.” He noted that thanks to the Inflation Reduction Act, the Biden-Harris administration has been able to invest billions of dollars in forest management, ecosystem restoration, and protection of watersheds, as well as making historic investments in addressing climate change, and that, as president, he has protected more lands and waters than any president since John F. Kennedy.
And yet the forces that undermined that spirit are still at work. In the 2022 West Virginia v. Environmental Protection Agency decision, the Supreme Court claimed that Congress could not delegate “major questions” to executive agencies, thus limiting the EPA’s ability to regulate the emissions that create climate change; and House Republicans this summer held a hearing on “the destructive cost of the Endangered Species Act,” claiming that it “has been misused and misapplied for the past 50 years” with “disastrous effects on local economies and businesses throughout the United States.” Chair of the House Committee on Natural Resources Bruce Westerman (R-AR) accused the Biden administration of stifling “everything from forest management to future energy production through burdensome ESA regulations.”
While in 1980 voters could react to such a contrast between the parties’ environmental visions ideologically, in 2023, reality itself is weighing in. Brady Dennis of the Washington Post noted today that in this era of rising waters and epic storms, North Carolina has become the fourth state, along with South Carolina, New York, and New Jersey, to require home sellers to disclose their home’s flooding history and flood risk to prospective buyers.
—
Notes:
http://omnilearn.net/esacourse/pdfs/esastatute.pdf
https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/93-1973/h531
P. S. Ward, “Ford and Carter: Contrasting Approaches to Environment,” Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation), 48 (October 1976): 2238-2243.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/08/02/college-to-use-white-house-solar-panels/4ffc021a-04ee-4660-8cd0-6e92ba219e78/
https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1978/12/02/carter-sets-aside-56-million-acres-of-alaska-lands/c3d130ae-22d2-47e6-aacc-1ba1b0ef0348/
https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/farewell-address-the-nation-0
https://www.nytimes.com/1979/01/15/archives/alaskans-protest-publicland-action-paul-reveres-ride-and-george-iii.html
https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2023/02/21/jimmy-carter-environment-energy-alaska/
https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/republican-party-platform-1980
Michael E. Kraft and Norman J. Vig, “Environmental Policy in the Reagan Presidency,” Political Science Quarterly 99 (Autumn 1984): 415-439.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/02/01/neil-gorsuchs-mother-once-ran-the-epa-it-was-a-disaste
https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/02/us/reagan-and-environment-to-many-a-stalemate.html
https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/archives/speech/republican-national-convention-acceptance-speech-1980
https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/2023-shatters-climate-records-major-impacts
https://www.vox.com/climate/24000157/cop28-climate-conference-uae-dubai-winners-losers-fossil-fuels-methane
https://www.vox.com/24008047/2023-warmest-year-cop28-climate-change-science
https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2023/12/27/flood-risk-damage-disclosure-homebuyers/
https://naturalresources.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=414616
https://naturalresources.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=414614
https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2023/12/27/a-proclamation-on-the-50th-anniversary-of-the-endangered-species-act-2023/
https://apnews.com/article/prairie-chicken-longeared-bat-endangered-species-f217ab4fb07951bc5613c1c7e486809a
submitted by thinkingstranger to HeatherCoxRichardson [link] [comments]
Fifty years ago tomorrow, on December 28, 1973, President Richard Nixon signed the Endangered Species Act into law. Declaring that Congress had determined that “various species of fish, wildlife, and plants in the United States have been rendered extinct as a consequence of economic growth and development untempered by adequate concern and conservation,” the act provided for the protection of endangered species.
Just over a decade before, in 1962, ecologist Rachel Carson had published Silent Spring, documenting how pesticides designed to eliminate insects were devastating entire ecosystems of linked organisms. The realization that human destruction of the natural world could make the planet uninhabitable spurred Congress in 1970 to create the Environmental Protection Agency. And in 1973, when Nixon called for stronger laws to protect species in danger of extinction, 194 Democrats and 160 Republicans in the House—99% of those voting—voted yes. Only four Republicans in the House voted no.
Such strong congressional support for protecting the environment signaled that a new era was at hand. While President Gerald Ford, who succeeded Nixon, tended to dial back environmental protections when he could in order to promote the development of oil and gas resources, President Jimmy Carter pressed the protection of the environment when he took office in 1977.
In 1978, Carter placed 56 million acres of land in Alaska under federal protection as national monuments, doubling the size of the national park system. “These areas contain resources of unequaled scientific, historic and cultural value, and include some of the most spectacular scenery and wildlife in the world,” he said. In 1979 he had 32 solar panels installed at the White House to help heat the water for the building and demonstrate that it was possible to curb U.S. dependence on fossil fuels. Just before he left office, Carter signed into law the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, protecting more than 100 million acres in Alaska, including additional protections for the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
Oil companies, mining companies, timber companies, the cattle industry, and local officials eager for development strongly opposed Carter’s moves to protect the environment. In Alaska, local activists deliberately broke the regulations in the newly protected places, portraying Carter as King George III—against whom the American colonists revolted in 1776—and insisting that the protection of lands violated the promise of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness promised in the Declaration of Independence.
For the most part, though, opposition to federal protection of the environment showed up as a drive to reform government regulations that, opponents argued, gave far too much power to unelected bureaucrats. In environmental regulations, the federal government’s protection of the public good ran smack into economic development.
In their 1980 presidential platform, Republicans claimed to be committed to “the conservation and wise management of America’s renewable natural resources” and said the government must protect public health. But they were not convinced that current laws and regulations provided benefits that justified their costs. “Too often,” they said, “current regulations are…rigid and narrow,” and they “strongly affirm[ed] that environmental protection must not become a cover for a ‘no-growth’ policy and a shrinking economy.”
In his acceptance speech for the Republican presidential nomination, Ronald Reagan explained that he wanted to see the U.S. produce more energy to fuel “growth and productivity. Large amounts of oil and natural gas lay beneath our land and off our shores, untouched because the present Administration seems to believe the American people would rather see more regulation, taxes and controls than more energy.”
In his farewell address after voters elected Reagan, Carter urged Americans to “protect the quality of this world within which we live…. There are real and growing dangers to our simple and our most precious possessions: the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the land which sustains us,” he warned. “The rapid depletion of irreplaceable minerals, the erosion of topsoil, the destruction of beauty, the blight of pollution, the demands of increasing billions of people, all combine to create problems which are easy to observe and predict, but difficult to resolve. If we do not act, the world of the year 2000 will be much less able to sustain life than it is now.”
“But,” Carter added, “[a]cknowledging the physical realities of our planet does not mean a dismal future of endless sacrifice. In fact, acknowledging these realities is the first step in dealing with them. We can meet the resource problems of the world—water, food, minerals, farmlands, forests, overpopulation, pollution if we tackle them with courage and foresight.”
Reagan began by appointing pro-industry officials James G. Watt and Anne M. Gorsuch (mother of Supreme Court justice Neil Gorsuch) as secretary of the interior and administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, respectively; they set out to gut government regulation of the environment by slashing budgets and firing staff. But both resigned under scandal in 1983, and their replacements satisfied neither those who wanted to return to the practices of the Carter years nor those who wanted to get rid of those practices altogether.
Still, with their focus on developing oil and gas, when workers repairing the White House roof removed the solar panels in 1986, Reagan administration officials declined to reinstall them.
Forty years later, we are reaping the fruits of that shift away from the atmosphere that gave us the Endangered Species Act and toward a focus on developing fossil fuels. On November 30 the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), an agency of the United Nations, reported that global temperatures in 2023 were at record highs both on land and in the seas, Antarctic sea ice extent is at a record low, and devastating fires, floods, outbreaks of disease, and searing heat waves have pounded human communities this year.
The WMO released this provisional report the same day that the U.N. Climate Change negotiations, known as COP28, began in the United Arab Emirates. United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres urged leaders to commit to act to address climate change, while there was still time to avoid “the worst of climate chaos.” After a year in which countries staggered under extreme weather events, climate change is on people’s minds: nearly 80,000 people, including world leaders and celebrities, registered to attend COP28.
After the convention ended on December 13, Umair Irfan of Vox summarized the agreement hashed out there. For the first time in 27 such conventions, countries explicitly called for the phasing out of fossil fuel…but they didn’t say when or by how much. After taking stock of what countries are doing to address climate change, the meeting concluded that efforts to reduce emissions, invest in technology, adapt to warming, and help suffering countries are all falling short.
In addition to acknowledging the need to move away from fossil fuels, COP28 agreed to cut methane, boost renewable energy considerably, and help countries that are dealing with the fallout from climate change: island nations, for example. But emissions of greenhouse gases continue to rise, and the hope of limiting warmer temperatures to 1.5 degrees Celsius now seems a long shot. Still, renewable energy capacity grew nearly 10% in 2022, led by solar and wind power.
Today President Joe Biden used the anniversary of the Endangered Species Act to reclaim the spirit of the era in which it was written, urging Americans to protect ecosystems and biodiversity, “honor all the progress we have made toward protecting endangered species,” and to “come together to conserve our planet.” He noted that thanks to the Inflation Reduction Act, the Biden-Harris administration has been able to invest billions of dollars in forest management, ecosystem restoration, and protection of watersheds, as well as making historic investments in addressing climate change, and that, as president, he has protected more lands and waters than any president since John F. Kennedy.
And yet the forces that undermined that spirit are still at work. In the 2022 West Virginia v. Environmental Protection Agency decision, the Supreme Court claimed that Congress could not delegate “major questions” to executive agencies, thus limiting the EPA’s ability to regulate the emissions that create climate change; and House Republicans this summer held a hearing on “the destructive cost of the Endangered Species Act,” claiming that it “has been misused and misapplied for the past 50 years” with “disastrous effects on local economies and businesses throughout the United States.” Chair of the House Committee on Natural Resources Bruce Westerman (R-AR) accused the Biden administration of stifling “everything from forest management to future energy production through burdensome ESA regulations.”
While in 1980 voters could react to such a contrast between the parties’ environmental visions ideologically, in 2023, reality itself is weighing in. Brady Dennis of the Washington Post noted today that in this era of rising waters and epic storms, North Carolina has become the fourth state, along with South Carolina, New York, and New Jersey, to require home sellers to disclose their home’s flooding history and flood risk to prospective buyers.
—
Notes:
http://omnilearn.net/esacourse/pdfs/esastatute.pdf
https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/93-1973/h531
P. S. Ward, “Ford and Carter: Contrasting Approaches to Environment,” Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation), 48 (October 1976): 2238-2243.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/08/02/college-to-use-white-house-solar-panels/4ffc021a-04ee-4660-8cd0-6e92ba219e78/
https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1978/12/02/carter-sets-aside-56-million-acres-of-alaska-lands/c3d130ae-22d2-47e6-aacc-1ba1b0ef0348/
https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/farewell-address-the-nation-0
https://www.nytimes.com/1979/01/15/archives/alaskans-protest-publicland-action-paul-reveres-ride-and-george-iii.html
https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2023/02/21/jimmy-carter-environment-energy-alaska/
https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/republican-party-platform-1980
Michael E. Kraft and Norman J. Vig, “Environmental Policy in the Reagan Presidency,” Political Science Quarterly 99 (Autumn 1984): 415-439.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/02/01/neil-gorsuchs-mother-once-ran-the-epa-it-was-a-disaste
https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/02/us/reagan-and-environment-to-many-a-stalemate.html
https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/archives/speech/republican-national-convention-acceptance-speech-1980
https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/2023-shatters-climate-records-major-impacts
https://www.vox.com/climate/24000157/cop28-climate-conference-uae-dubai-winners-losers-fossil-fuels-methane
https://www.vox.com/24008047/2023-warmest-year-cop28-climate-change-science
https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2023/12/27/flood-risk-damage-disclosure-homebuyers/
https://naturalresources.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=414616
https://naturalresources.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=414614
https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2023/12/27/a-proclamation-on-the-50th-anniversary-of-the-endangered-species-act-2023/
https://apnews.com/article/prairie-chicken-longeared-bat-endangered-species-f217ab4fb07951bc5613c1c7e486809a
2023.12.25 00:12 evillordsoth My Christmas eve tradition: Tourtiere
My Christmas eve tradition: Tourtiere
For a span of time unknowable, at least 7 generations of men, we have had Tourtiere on Christmas eve. It is a french Canadian meat pie, cooked in a cast iron skillet. Traditionally its made with ground pork and chunks of some type of bird; but you can use any combination of meats. I like to use ground beef and ground pork, my dad has used ground pork and chunks of brisket since the great turkeypocalypse of 1989. Traditionally it is eaten with Heinz ketchup in Canada, but since moving to the US I’ve made it with gravy that can also be used for chicken and biscuits. It tastes like a throwback to the 12th century that you would eat in a castle. It’s the most quintessential holiday dish to me, and immediately makes me feel like home. I hope someone on here gives it a shot!
FOR THE DOUGH:
2 ½ cups or 300 grams all-purpose flour
½ teaspoon kosher salt
16 tablespoons unsalted butter, cold and cut into cubes
4 tablespoons leaf lard, cold and cut into cubes
3-4 tablespoons ice water, as needed
FOR THE PIE:
1 1/2-2 pounds pork-shoulder meat, cut into 1 1/2-inch chunks
Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper to taste
2 tablespoons neutral oil, like canola
5 allspice berries
2 cinnamon sticks
1 12-ounce bottle stout or other dark beer
4 large chicken thighs, or 1 large turkey thigh
2 tablespoons unsalted butter
2 medium-size yellow onions, peeled and diced
4 cloves garlic, peeled and minced
2 tablespoons parsley, roughly chopped
10 to 12 ounces cremini mushrooms or a mixture of wild mushrooms, sliced
½ cup dry white wine or stock
1 pound ground pork
½ teaspoon ground white pepper
⅛ teaspoon ground cinnamon
⅛ teaspoon ground clove
Pinch of ground nutmeg
Pinch of cayenne pepper or to taste
2 medium-size potatoes, like Yukon Gold, grated
1 large egg yolk, beaten with a tablespoon of water
Step 1
Make the dough. In a food processor, pulse together the flour and salt. Add butter and lard in stages, pulsing until the mixture forms bean-size pieces. Slowly add ice water, 1 tablespoon at a time, and pulse until the dough just comes together. It should be moist but not wet.
Step 2
Turn dough out onto a lightly floured surface, and gather into two balls. Flatten each into a disk with the heel of your hand. Cover tightly with plastic wrap, and refrigerate for at least 1 hour and up to 2 days.
Step 3
Make the pork shoulder. Season the pieces of pork aggressively with salt and pepper. Put 1 tablespoon of the oil into a large, deep skillet or Dutch oven, and set it over medium-high heat. When the oil shimmers, sear the meat on all sides until browned, turning as necessary, 10 minutes.
Step 4
Add the allspice berries and cinnamon sticks, and stir to toast them, then add the beer. Bring to a boil, then reduce the heat, cover the pan and simmer steadily until the pork is very tender, 45 minutes to an hour. (When the pork is done, you can allow it to cool in its liquid and refrigerate it for one or two days before using.)
Step 5
Make the chicken or turkey. Heat oven to 325. Season the chicken or turkey thighs aggressively with salt and pepper, then roast in a cast-iron pan or shallow baking tray until their skin is crisp and they have cooked through, approximately 1 hour. (The chicken or turkey, too, may be made ahead and stored in the refrigerator before using.)
Step 6
Make the pie filling. Melt the butter in a large, heavy-bottomed Dutch oven set over medium heat, and when it foams, add the onions, garlic and parsley. Cook, stirring often, until soft, 5 to 7 minutes. Add the mushrooms, and cook, stirring often, until they are soft and have given up their liquid, 5 to 7 minutes. Add wine or stock, and stir to deglaze the pan, then cook until the liquid has evaporated, 5 minutes.
Step 7
Add the ground pork and the spices, and cook until the pork has lost its pinkness, 5 to 7 minutes. Add grated potato, and cook another 5 to 7 minutes. Remove from heat.
Step 8
Shred the cooked chicken or turkey into the pot along with the cooked pork and about 1/2 cup of its braising liquid, stir lightly to combine and season to taste with salt and pepper. Chill in the refrigerator for at least an hour and up to a day.
Step 9
Assemble the pie. Place a large baking sheet on the middle rack of oven, and heat to 400. Remove one disk of dough from the refrigerator, and using a pin, roll it out on a lightly floured surface until it is roughly 10 to 11 inches in diameter. Fit this crust into a 9-inch deep-dish pie plate or cast-iron pan, trimming it to leave an overhang. Place this plate, with the dough, in the freezer.
Step 10
Roll out the remaining dough on a lightly floured surface until it is roughly 10 to 11 inches in diameter. Remove pie crust from freezer, and put the chilled filling into it. Cover with remaining dough. Press the edges together, trim excess, then crimp the edges. Using a sharp knife, cut three or four steam vents in the top of the crust. Paint the pie’s top with the egg wash.
Step 11
Place pie in oven on hot baking sheet or a cast iron skillet, and cook for 20 minutes, then reduce temperature to 350, and cook until the crust is golden brown and the filling is bubbling, about 30 to 40 minutes more. Let cool 20 minutes before serving.
Post some pictures if you make one! I’ll post mine tomorrow in the downtime before Prime Rib.
submitted by evillordsoth to NewLondonCounty [link] [comments]
For a span of time unknowable, at least 7 generations of men, we have had Tourtiere on Christmas eve. It is a french Canadian meat pie, cooked in a cast iron skillet. Traditionally its made with ground pork and chunks of some type of bird; but you can use any combination of meats. I like to use ground beef and ground pork, my dad has used ground pork and chunks of brisket since the great turkeypocalypse of 1989. Traditionally it is eaten with Heinz ketchup in Canada, but since moving to the US I’ve made it with gravy that can also be used for chicken and biscuits. It tastes like a throwback to the 12th century that you would eat in a castle. It’s the most quintessential holiday dish to me, and immediately makes me feel like home. I hope someone on here gives it a shot!
FOR THE DOUGH:
2 ½ cups or 300 grams all-purpose flour
½ teaspoon kosher salt
16 tablespoons unsalted butter, cold and cut into cubes
4 tablespoons leaf lard, cold and cut into cubes
3-4 tablespoons ice water, as needed
FOR THE PIE:
1 1/2-2 pounds pork-shoulder meat, cut into 1 1/2-inch chunks
Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper to taste
2 tablespoons neutral oil, like canola
5 allspice berries
2 cinnamon sticks
1 12-ounce bottle stout or other dark beer
4 large chicken thighs, or 1 large turkey thigh
2 tablespoons unsalted butter
2 medium-size yellow onions, peeled and diced
4 cloves garlic, peeled and minced
2 tablespoons parsley, roughly chopped
10 to 12 ounces cremini mushrooms or a mixture of wild mushrooms, sliced
½ cup dry white wine or stock
1 pound ground pork
½ teaspoon ground white pepper
⅛ teaspoon ground cinnamon
⅛ teaspoon ground clove
Pinch of ground nutmeg
Pinch of cayenne pepper or to taste
2 medium-size potatoes, like Yukon Gold, grated
1 large egg yolk, beaten with a tablespoon of water
Step 1
Make the dough. In a food processor, pulse together the flour and salt. Add butter and lard in stages, pulsing until the mixture forms bean-size pieces. Slowly add ice water, 1 tablespoon at a time, and pulse until the dough just comes together. It should be moist but not wet.
Step 2
Turn dough out onto a lightly floured surface, and gather into two balls. Flatten each into a disk with the heel of your hand. Cover tightly with plastic wrap, and refrigerate for at least 1 hour and up to 2 days.
Step 3
Make the pork shoulder. Season the pieces of pork aggressively with salt and pepper. Put 1 tablespoon of the oil into a large, deep skillet or Dutch oven, and set it over medium-high heat. When the oil shimmers, sear the meat on all sides until browned, turning as necessary, 10 minutes.
Step 4
Add the allspice berries and cinnamon sticks, and stir to toast them, then add the beer. Bring to a boil, then reduce the heat, cover the pan and simmer steadily until the pork is very tender, 45 minutes to an hour. (When the pork is done, you can allow it to cool in its liquid and refrigerate it for one or two days before using.)
Step 5
Make the chicken or turkey. Heat oven to 325. Season the chicken or turkey thighs aggressively with salt and pepper, then roast in a cast-iron pan or shallow baking tray until their skin is crisp and they have cooked through, approximately 1 hour. (The chicken or turkey, too, may be made ahead and stored in the refrigerator before using.)
Step 6
Make the pie filling. Melt the butter in a large, heavy-bottomed Dutch oven set over medium heat, and when it foams, add the onions, garlic and parsley. Cook, stirring often, until soft, 5 to 7 minutes. Add the mushrooms, and cook, stirring often, until they are soft and have given up their liquid, 5 to 7 minutes. Add wine or stock, and stir to deglaze the pan, then cook until the liquid has evaporated, 5 minutes.
Step 7
Add the ground pork and the spices, and cook until the pork has lost its pinkness, 5 to 7 minutes. Add grated potato, and cook another 5 to 7 minutes. Remove from heat.
Step 8
Shred the cooked chicken or turkey into the pot along with the cooked pork and about 1/2 cup of its braising liquid, stir lightly to combine and season to taste with salt and pepper. Chill in the refrigerator for at least an hour and up to a day.
Step 9
Assemble the pie. Place a large baking sheet on the middle rack of oven, and heat to 400. Remove one disk of dough from the refrigerator, and using a pin, roll it out on a lightly floured surface until it is roughly 10 to 11 inches in diameter. Fit this crust into a 9-inch deep-dish pie plate or cast-iron pan, trimming it to leave an overhang. Place this plate, with the dough, in the freezer.
Step 10
Roll out the remaining dough on a lightly floured surface until it is roughly 10 to 11 inches in diameter. Remove pie crust from freezer, and put the chilled filling into it. Cover with remaining dough. Press the edges together, trim excess, then crimp the edges. Using a sharp knife, cut three or four steam vents in the top of the crust. Paint the pie’s top with the egg wash.
Step 11
Place pie in oven on hot baking sheet or a cast iron skillet, and cook for 20 minutes, then reduce temperature to 350, and cook until the crust is golden brown and the filling is bubbling, about 30 to 40 minutes more. Let cool 20 minutes before serving.
Post some pictures if you make one! I’ll post mine tomorrow in the downtime before Prime Rib.
2023.12.21 21:47 Important_Raisin_424 Connor Zary comparable Logan Couture
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