1. Once the intact lectin protein settles someplace in your body, it literally has a magnetic effect on the cells in that region. It clumps the cells together and they are targeted for destruction, as if they, too, were foreign invaders. This clumping can cause irritable bowel syndrome in the intestines or cirrhosis in the liver, or block the flow of blood through the kidneys – to name just a few of the effects. Lectins can also act as 'fake hormones,' latching onto the receptor for a hormone and either blocking the normal action of the hormone (this is called an 'antagonist') or revving up the hormone receptor non-stop (termed an 'agonist.')

1. Once the intact lectin protein settles someplace in your body, it literally has a magnetic effect on the cells in that region. It clumps the cells together and they are targeted for destruction, as if they, too, were foreign invaders. This clumping can cause irritable bowel syndrome in the intestines or cirrhosis in the liver, or block the flow of blood through the kidneys – to name just a few of the effects. Lectins can also act as 'fake hormones,' latching onto the receptor for a hormone and either blocking the normal action of the hormone (this is called an 'antagonist') or revving up the hormone receptor non-stop (termed an 'agonist.')

• Gave birth (full-term, vaginal delivery, epidural, unremarkable pregnancy)
• 3 months postpartum, I started feeling slightly dizzy at times, and if I sat down for a long time my legs fell asleep, and then took slightly "too" long to wake up.
• Breasftfed for 15 months

• I had sudden numbness in the left side of my face and arm. Went to ER, CT + MRI, no sign of stroke.
• Referred to a neurologist and did a test to exclude any hole in my heart, also a nerve test that showed some arthritis in my hands
• Continued to feel slight symptoms on and off but did not interfere with my life

• All symptoms disappeared

• Gave birth at 35 weeks, vaginal, epidural, unremarkable pregnancy

• The symptoms below start and are getting worse

• Pins and needles (mostly buzzing sensation in left foot)
• Occasional muscle spasms, primarily internal - location differs—Abs, arms, legs.. head sometimes.
• Cold sensations (like I've rubbed tiger balm on my skin)
• The occasional sensation of water trickles
• Slight left-sided numbness/tingling in the face
• Sudden joint pain that goes away (can be severe in 3hrs, and then gone)
• Dizziness (feeling of being slight off balance)
• Slight changes in vision, harder to focus
• Tinnitus (for as long as I can remember)
• Occasional burning on top of feet at night
• Occasional cramps at night of the ankles

• MRI of Head (w/wo contrast):
  • No acute intracranial abnormality.
  • Nonspecific punctate focus of T2/FLAIR hyperintensity in the left parietal subcortical white matter. This may represent sequela of migrainous vasculopathy or gliosis from another remote insult
    • History of concussion (equestrian)
  • IMPRESSION: Nonspecific 2 mm hypoenhancing focus within the left parasagittal pituitary gland. The primary differential considerations are a tiny Rathke's cleft cyst or a pituitary microadenoma. Please correlate clinically/with endocrinologic assessment. If there is clinical concern for a pituitary microadenoma,vfollow-up contrast enhanced pituitary MRI imaging may be considered as appropriate.
    • MRI Scheduled
  • Trace right mastoid fluid
• MRA of Head:
  • Apparent age-indeterminate dissection flap within the proximal right cavernous ICA, visualized on both precontrast and postcontrast MRA images. Clinical assessment and follow-up CTA of the head is advised.
    • CT Scan was ordered and the IMPRESSION: No interval change evident in abnormality involving the proximal cavernous segment of the right internal carotid artery. This could relate to an age-indeterminate dissection flap or arterial web.
• MRI Cervical Spine (w/wo contrast)
  • No disc herniation or significant narrowing of the spinal canal or neural foramina is evident. No Chiari.
  • There are no significant abnormalities evident in the alignment or signal intensity of the vertebral segments, or the contour and signal intensity of the spinal cord. No pathologic contrast enhancement is evident.
• MRI Thoracic spine (w/wo contrast)
  • Thoracic spondylosis results in the mild spinal canal narrowing with minimal to mild indentation upon the ventral spinal cord at T3-T4 and T4-T5.
  • No intrinsic spinal cord abnormality is evident.
• VNG balance test
  • There is evidence of significant central vestibular dysfunction
  • No nystagmus was detected
• EMG & NCV
  • Unremarkable
• Hormonal bloodwork
  • FCH/LH, TSH, ACTH, Prolactin, IGF-1, Growth Hormone Unremarkable
• General Panel
  • LDL Chol Calc (NIH) 128 HIGH, but the Cholesterol total is 190
  • B12 is 435
  • B6 3.4 (normal level 3.4-65.2), marginal
  • C reactive protein quant is 1 (1-10)
  • Not pre-diabetic

• MRI Pituitary Gland (May 16)
• Rheumatologist appointment (3 months from now..)
• Endocrinologist appointment (May 22)

• Pretty unremarkable medical history.
  • Suspected concussion(s) from falling off horses as a teenager.
  • ONLY out of the ordinary: have on two occasions (once at home and realized first after the second occasion that it was the edible that caused it) had a crumb of an edible cookie (cannabis). Pinky finger nail of a cookie. (not exaggerating). The husband had 1/2 a cookie +.
    • Within 1hr I passed out at dinner. No alcohol and had just had dinner. Sitting down. Paramedics were called and said that my blood sugar was so low that they thought I had a seizure. Was early 20s and had a gap on my medical insurance, so did not explore this further

• How likely is it that the pituitary founding is causing these sensations?
• Any other ideas?
• ​

• Gave birth (full-term, vaginal delivery, epidural, unremarkable pregnancy)
• 3 months postpartum, I started feeling slightly dizzy at times, and if I sat down for a long time my legs fell asleep, and then took slightly "too" long to wake up.
• Breasftfed for 15 months

• I had sudden numbness in the left side of my face and arm. Went to ER, CT + MRI, no sign of stroke.
• Referred to a neurologist and did a test to exclude any hole in my heart, also a nerve test that showed some arthritis in my hands
• Continued to feel slight symptoms on and off but did not interfere with my life

• All symptoms disappeared

• Gave birth at 35 weeks, vaginal, epidural, unremarkable pregnancy

• The symptoms below start and are getting worse

• Pins and needles (mostly buzzing sensation in left foot)
• Occasional muscle spasms, primarily internal - location differs—Abs, arms, legs.. head sometimes.
• Cold sensations (like I've rubbed tiger balm on my skin)
• The occasional sensation of water trickles
• Slight left-sided numbness/tingling in the face
• Sudden joint pain that goes away (can be severe in 3hrs, and then gone)
• Dizziness (feeling of being slight off balance)
• Slight changes in vision, harder to focus
• Tinnitus (for as long as I can remember)
• Occasional burning on top of feet at night
• Occasional cramps at night of the ankles

• MRI of Head (w/wo contrast):
  • No acute intracranial abnormality.
  • Nonspecific punctate focus of T2/FLAIR hyperintensity in the left parietal subcortical white matter. This may represent sequela of migrainous vasculopathy or gliosis from another remote insult
    • History of concussion (equestrian)
  • IMPRESSION: Nonspecific 2 mm hypoenhancing focus within the left parasagittal pituitary gland. The primary differential considerations are a tiny Rathke's cleft cyst or a pituitary microadenoma. Please correlate clinically/with endocrinologic assessment. If there is clinical concern for a pituitary microadenoma,vfollow-up contrast enhanced pituitary MRI imaging may be considered as appropriate.
    • MRI Scheduled
  • Trace right mastoid fluid
• MRA of Head:
  • Apparent age-indeterminate dissection flap within the proximal right cavernous ICA, visualized on both precontrast and postcontrast MRA images. Clinical assessment and follow-up CTA of the head is advised.
    • CT Scan was ordered and the IMPRESSION: No interval change evident in abnormality involving the proximal cavernous segment of the right internal carotid artery. This could relate to an age-indeterminate dissection flap or arterial web.
• MRI Cervical Spine (w/wo contrast)
  • No disc herniation or significant narrowing of the spinal canal or neural foramina is evident. No Chiari.
  • There are no significant abnormalities evident in the alignment or signal intensity of the vertebral segments, or the contour and signal intensity of the spinal cord. No pathologic contrast enhancement is evident.
• MRI Thoracic spine (w/wo contrast)
  • Thoracic spondylosis results in the mild spinal canal narrowing with minimal to mild indentation upon the ventral spinal cord at T3-T4 and T4-T5.
  • No intrinsic spinal cord abnormality is evident.
• VNG balance test
  • There is evidence of significant central vestibular dysfunction
  • No nystagmus was detected
• EMG & NCV
  • Unremarkable
• Hormonal bloodwork
  • FCH/LH, TSH, ACTH, Prolactin, IGF-1, Growth Hormone Unremarkable
• General Panel
  • LDL Chol Calc (NIH) 128 HIGH, but the Cholesterol total is 190
  • B12 is 435
  • B6 3.4 (normal level 3.4-65.2), marginal
  • C reactive protein quant is 1 (1-10)
  • Not pre-diabetic

• MRI Pituitary Gland (May 16)
• Rheumatologist appointment (3 months from now..)
• Endocrinologist appointment (May 22)
• Eye doctor for exam (May 9)

• Pretty unremarkable medical history.
  • Suspected concussion(s) from falling off horses as a teenager.
  • ONLY out of the ordinary: have on two occasions (once at home and realized first after the second occasion that it was the edible that caused it) had a crumb of an edible cookie (cannabis). Pinky finger nail of a cookie. (not exaggerating). The husband had 1/2 a cookie +.
    • Within 1hr I passed out at dinner. No alcohol and had just had dinner. Sitting down. Paramedics were called and said that my blood sugar was so low that they thought I had a seizure. Was early 20s and had a gap on my medical insurance, so did not explore this further

• How likely is it that the pituitary founding is causing these sensations?
• What is the dissection flap finding?
• Any other ideas?

1. Do your best to not twist or pinch your breasts. I know it may be tempting or you may want to check on them to reduce anxiety, but do your best to resist. This will inflame them and accelerate their growth.
2. Start working out. Any type of workout is better than no workout, but weight training will be the best. Weight training will help increase testosterone, which your body is desperately in need of. It may take a couple months for your testosterone production to go back to its normal levels, so we want to do everything we can to try to accelerate this process and stop the harmful effects estrogen is causing to your body.
   1. About working out: I had never gone to a gym before in my life and got tons of anxiety from being in the weight room. If you're like me, I have a couple bits of advice to get over your anxiety.
      1. First, just do it. Just go to the gym and run on a treadmill. Everyone knows how to use a treadmill. A lot of my anxiety came from seeing lots of fancy equipment and being intimidated because I didn't know how to use it. If this is part of your anxiety, just take baby steps. The equipment is not as complicated as you think.
      2. Time is of the essence. Do you really want to live with breasts on your chest the rest of your life? No, you do not. If you're getting anxiety about going to the gym, just think of the alternative, and I guarantee you will be motivated.
      3. Look up how to do the exercises and use the equipment BEFORE you go to the gym. Research what exercises you're planning to do, make a plan, watch videos, try to learn what the proper form looks like. This may help reduce anxiety.
   2. Cardio will not be super effective for increasing testosterone production, but it may help heal nerves and reduce erectile dysfunction [2], so you may want to incorporate it into your workout if healing erectile dysfunction is important to you. It will also help burn fat off your breasts. But again, weight training is the most important for stopping breast growth.
   3. Avoid foods with high estrogen for a couple months. The main two are dairy products (milk -- this includes coffee and hot chocolate, butter, yogurt, cream, ice cream) and red meat. These will increase your estrogen levels by a small amount, but it's important to minimize the damage as much as possible.
      1. I also started drinking green tea every day, since there is some evidence that it may inhibit estrogen in men by temporarily deactivating estrogen receptors.
      2. If you must drink coffee or hot chocolate, get it with almond milk. Not oat milk or soy milk as those contain estrogen.

1. Like any oral drugs, they strain your liver, but for most people this will be manageable.
2. Raloxifene increases the risk of blood clotting.

Our findings clearly demonstrate that intense sweetness can surpass cocaine reward, even in drug-sensitized and -addicted individuals. We speculate that the addictive potential of intense sweetness results from an inborn hypersensitivity to sweet tastants. In most mammals, including rats and humans, sweet receptors evolved in ancestral environments poor in sugars and are thus not adapted to high concentrations of sweet tastants. The supranormal stimulation of these receptors by sugar-rich diets, such as those now widely available in modern societies, would generate a supranormal reward signal in the brain, with the potential to override self-control mechanisms and thus to lead to addiction.

Nutritionism is a paradigm that assumes that it is the scientifically identified nutrients in foods that determine the value of individual food stuffs in the diet. In other words, it is the idea that the nutritional value of a food is the sum of all its individual nutrients, vitamins, and other components.

In conclusion, this study shows that CLA supplementation for 24 mo in healthy, overweight adults was well tolerated. It confirms also that CLA decreases BFM in overweight humans, and may help maintain initial reductions in BFM and weight in the long term.

website - www.titanodrol.com

What exactly is Titanodrol?

Does Titanodrol Really Does It Work?

A Complete Listing of All Important Ingredients:

The benefits of Titanodrol:

Clinical function of Titanodrol Muscle Growth supplementation

Where Can I Order Titanodrol?

Last Verdict

Pacman Frog UVB Guide: What it is, why to provide it, and how to choose the right bulb for your setup!

Additional resources:

• The Reptile Lighting Facebook group
• The Advancing Amphibian Husbandry Facebook group
• Partner document: Pacman frog tank-specific UVB bulb recommendations
• How much UV-B does my reptile need? The UV-Tool, a guide to the selection of UV lighting for reptiles and amphibians in captivity
• An In-Depth Look at UV Light and Its Proper Use With Reptiles
• The vitamin D3 pathway: Sunlight and Vitamin D
• Next level heating - Why infrared wavelengths matter. Why we recommend heat lamps instead of heat mats or CHEs for primary daytime heating!

Table of Contents

1. What is UVB, and what does it do for animals?
2. Why provide it to Pacman frogs?
3. How do I choose a lamp? Target UV index, type of bulb, type of reflector, where the bulb will be mounted, and the distance between the bulb and the frog
4. An example of these principles in use!

1. What is UVB, and what does it do for animals?

UVB is invisible to reptiles, but its high-energy short wavelengths are biologically active. The UV in sunlight is an effective disinfectant that can destroy bacteria, fungi and viruses on the surface of the skin. UV also has direct effects upon skin, which include strengthening of skin barrier functions, increasing pigment formation and modulating the skin’s immune responses. It also stimulates production of beta endorphins, giving sunlight its “feel good” factor, and induces nitric oxide production, which has localized protective effects on skin cells.
Figure 1
Perhaps the most well-known and vital effect of UVB, however, is its ability to convert a natural cholesterol in the skin to pre-vitamin D3. Warmth, typically also absorbed while basking, converts the pre-vitamin D3 to vitamin D3. Vitamin D3 is used for vital functions throughout the body (see Figure 1). It is taken up from the skin into the bloodstream, then carried to the liver, where it is converted into a storage form called 25(OH)D3. This then re-enters the bloodstream and is carried throughout the body. A blood test for 25(OH)D3 is the best way of measuring an animal’s vitamin D3 status.
A small amount of 25(OH)D3 is essential for life. It is processed by the kidneys into the active hormone, 1,25(OH)2D3. (Blue arrows on the diagram). This vital endocrine hormone controls the levels of calcium in the bloodstream. Adequate circulating calcium is absolutely essential for muscles and nerves to function, and is also vital for normal growth and reproduction. 1,25(OH)D3 enables the gut to absorb calcium from the diet, and maintains stores of calcium laid down in bone. If a reptile develops metabolic bone disorder (MBD) as a result of vitamin D3 deficiency, this means that levels were desperately low, not even sufficient to make the tiny amounts of active hormone so necessary for life.
However, when supplies of vitamin D3 are plentiful, the liver can produce much more 25(OH)D3 than is needed by the kidneys. (Pink arrows on the diagram). Other organs can take up 25(OH)D3 and turn it into the active form inside their cells. There, it controls as many as 2,000 genes influencing a huge range of functions, including cell division and the immune system. Adequate vitamin D3 is needed for full health, not just the bare minimum that keeps MBD at bay.

2. Why provide it to Pacman frogs?

It has been speculated that crepuscular species may synthesise vitamin D3 by emerging into sunlight at dusk and dawn. However, when the sun is close to the horizon, the atmosphere filters out almost all the UV-B wavelengths required for vitamin D3 synthesis; species which can benefit from such low levels of UV need skin with very high UV transmission. Some nocturnal geckos, for example, fit into this category. Short wavelength UV-B has been shown to be transmitted through the full thickness of skin of the nocturnal gecko Coleonyx variegatus to a depth of 1.2 to 1.9 mm, in stark comparison with diurnal species such as the desert lizard Uta stansburiana, in which transmission was restricted to between 0.3 and 0.9 mm (Porter 1967). In the same study, Porter found that the skin transmission of seven species of snake reflected their behaviour, such that the highest transmission was seen in the most completely nocturnal species, and the lowest in diurnal species, with crepuscular snakes in between. This suggests one way in which low levels of UV-B may enable adequate vitamin D3 synthesis in nocturnal species. Carman et al. (2000) demonstrated that the skin of the nocturnal house gecko Hemidactylus turcicuscan synthesise vitamin D3 eight times more efficiently than skin from the diurnal desert lizard Sceloporus olivaceous – suggesting that this is an adaptation either to lower levels of available ultraviolet light in its microhabitat, or to very short exposure to higher levels, during brief day-time emergences from shelter.
…
The vitamin D3 requirement of some nocturnal species may be low; passive absorption of dietary calcium by vitamin D-deprived leopard geckos, for example, appears to be effective enough to prevent metabolic bone disease (Allen et al. 1996). However, the paracrine and autocrine functions of vitamin D3 are independent from calcium metabolism; more research is needed to assess the full effects of vitamin D deficiency.
To summarise, some nocturnal animals clearly do have the ability to synthesise vitamin D3 in their skin, and this would occur naturally whenever they were exposed to daylight. So there would seem to be no reason to withhold provision of full spectrum lighting, provided that they are able to spend the daylight hours in an appropriate retreat, with access to a UV-B component suitable for a shade-dwelling or crepuscular species (i.e. Ferguson zone 1).

3. How do I choose a lamp?

• A. The target UV index for the frog
• B. What type of bulb it is (shape, wattage/length, UVB percentage, version, etc.)
• C. What type of reflector or fixture it will be used in
• D. Where it will be mounted (in the tank, above a screen lid, the type of screen, etc.)
• E. The distance between the bulb and the frog

A. Target UV index

B. Type of bulb

C. Type of reflector

D. Where the bulb will be mounted

E. The distance between the bulb and the frog

4. An example of these principles in use!

• The Reptile Lighting group on Facebook
• Partner post: UVI lamp output collection of readings – I’ll be putting this together over the next couple of days, so stay tuned! This post will be edited with a link to the other one.
• How much UV-B does my reptile need? The UV-Tool, a guide to the selection of UV lighting for reptiles and amphibians in captivity
• An In-Depth Look At UV Light And Its Proper Use With Reptiles
• The vitamin D3 pathway: Sunlight and Vitamin D

What is UVB, and what does it do for animals?

UVB is invisible to reptiles, but its high-energy short wavelengths are biologically active. The UV in sunlight is an effective disinfectant that can destroy bacteria, fungi and viruses on the surface of the skin. UV also has direct effects upon skin, which include strengthening of skin barrier functions, increasing pigment formation and modulating the skin’s immune responses. It also stimulates production of beta endorphins, giving sunlight its “feel good” factor, and induces nitric oxide production, which has localized protective effects on skin cells.
Perhaps the most well-known and vital effect of UVB, however, is its ability to convert a natural cholesterol in the skin to pre-vitamin D3. Warmth, typically also absorbed while basking, converts the pre-vitamin D3 to vitamin D3. Vitamin D3 is used for vital functions throughout the body (see Figure 1). It is taken up from the skin into the bloodstream, then carried to the liver, where it is converted into a storage form called 25(OH)D3. This then re-enters the bloodstream and is carried throughout the body. A blood test for 25(OH)D3 is the best way of measuring an animal’s vitamin D3 status.
A small amount of 25(OH)D3 is essential for life. It is processed by the kidneys into the active hormone, 1,25(OH)2D3. (Blue arrows on the diagram). This vital endocrine hormone controls the levels of calcium in the bloodstream. Adequate circulating calcium is absolutely essential for muscles and nerves to function, and is also vital for normal growth and reproduction. 1,25(OH)D3 enables the gut to absorb calcium from the diet, and maintains stores of calcium laid down in bone. If a reptile develops metabolic bone disorder (MBD) as a result of vitamin D3 deficiency, this means that levels were desperately low, not even sufficient to make the tiny amounts of active hormone so necessary for life.
However, when supplies of vitamin D3 are plentiful, the liver can produce much more 25(OH)D3 than is needed by the kidneys. (Pink arrows on the diagram). Other organs can take up 25(OH)D3 and turn it into the active form inside their cells. There, it controls as many as 2,000 genes influencing a huge range of functions, including cell division and the immune system. Adequate vitamin D3 is needed for full health, not just the bare minimum that keeps MBD at bay.

Why provide it to Pacman frogs?

It has been speculated that crepuscular species may synthesise vitamin D3 by emerging into sunlight at dusk and dawn. However, when the sun is close to the horizon, the atmosphere filters out almost all the UV-B wavelengths required for vitamin D3 synthesis; species which can benefit from such low levels of UV need skin with very high UV transmission. Some nocturnal geckos, for example, fit into this category. Short wavelength UV-B has been shown to be transmitted through the full thickness of skin of the nocturnal gecko Coleonyx variegatus to a depth of 1.2 to 1.9 mm, in stark comparison with diurnal species such as the desert lizard Uta stansburiana, in which transmission was restricted to between 0.3 and 0.9 mm (Porter 1967). In the same study, Porter found that the skin transmission of seven species of snake reflected their behaviour, such that the highest transmission was seen in the most completely nocturnal species, and the lowest in diurnal species, with crepuscular snakes in between. This suggests one way in which low levels of UV-B may enable adequate vitamin D3 synthesis in nocturnal species. Carman et al. (2000) demonstrated that the skin of the nocturnal house gecko Hemidactylus turcicuscan synthesise vitamin D3 eight times more efficiently than skin from the diurnal desert lizard Sceloporus olivaceous – suggesting that this is an adaptation either to lower levels of available ultraviolet light in its microhabitat, or to very short exposure to higher levels, during brief day-time emergences from shelter.
The vitamin D3 requirement of some nocturnal species may be low; passive absorption of dietary calcium by vitamin D-deprived leopard geckos, for example, appears to be effective enough to prevent metabolic bone disease (Allen et al. 1996). However, the paracrine and autocrine functions of vitamin D3 are independent from calcium metabolism; more research is needed to assess the full effects of vitamin D deficiency.
To summarise, some nocturnal animals clearly do have the ability to synthesise vitamin D3 in their skin, and this would occur naturally whenever they were exposed to daylight. So there would seem to be no reason to withhold provision of full spectrum lighting, provided that they are able to spend the daylight hours in an appropriate retreat, with access to a UV-B component suitable for a shade-dwelling or crepuscular species (i.e. Ferguson zone 1).

How do I choose a lamp?

1. The target UV index for the frog
2. What type of bulb it is (shape, wattage/length, UVB percentage, version, etc.)
3. What type of reflector or fixture it will be used in
4. Where it will be mounted (in the tank, above a screen lid, the type of screen, etc.)
5. The distance between the bulb and the frog

For women aged 30 or younger at sterilization, the cumulative probability of regret decreased as time since the birth of the youngest child increased (2-3 years, 16.2%, 95% CI 11.4, 21.0; 4-7 years, 11.3%, 95% CI 7.8, 14.8; 8 or more years, 8.3%, 95% CI 5.1, 11.4) and was lowest among women who had no previous births (6.3%, 95% CI 3.1, 9.4).

There did not appear to be a significantly higher rate of regret in nulliparous women undergoing tubal ligation than that seen in studies of parous women.

• cult favorite Supergoop! Unseen Sunscreen SPF 40 PA+++ $34.00 for 1.7 oz $20 per oz
• budget-friendly potential dupe Kroger Sunscreen Invisible Gel SPF 40 $10.99 for 3.0 oz $3.66 per oz

1. Packaging
2. Dispensed on my arm
3. Immediately after application
4. 10 minutes after application

🌞 Product Information

Avobenzone, 3%, Homosalate 8%, Octisalate 5%, Octocrylene 4%

Isododecane, Dimethicone Crosspolymer, Dimethicone/Bis-Isobutyl PPG-20 Crosspolymer, Polymethylsilsesquioxane, Isohexadecane, Dicaprylyl Carbonate, Meadowfoam Estolide, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Polyester-7, Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate, Lithothamnion Calcareum Extract, Caprylyl Glycol, Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter, Jojoba Esters, Mannitol, Olibanum, Lecithin, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Diatomaceous Earth, Zinc Sulfate, Silica, Tocopherol

• View ingredient breakdown on Incidecoder.
• Many Supergoop sunscreens were reformulated at the end of 2019 to remove octinoxate as part of their rebranding push to become reef-friendly.
• For this review, I am using a sample size of the new formula. The sample came from this Sephora Favorites Hello! Holy Grail Greats kit, which is still available for purchase at time of posting.

Avobenzone 3.0%, Homosalate 11.0%, Octisalate 5.0%, Octocrylene 10.0%

Dimethicone, hydrated silica, isododecane, dimethicone crosspolymer, butyloctyl salicylate, disteardimonium hectorite, polymethylsilsesquioxane, polymethyl methacrylate, polyester-8, isohexadecane, dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, butyrospermum parkii (shea) butter, lecithin, polyglyceryl-4 isostearate, cetyl PEG/PPG-10/1 dimethicone, hexyl laurate, phenoxyethanol, bis-vinyldimethicone/PEG-10 dimethicone crosspolymer, neopentyl glycol diethylhexanoate, citrus aurantium dulcis (orange) peel oil, tocopherol, mineral oil, aloe barbadensis leaf extract

• View ingredient breakdown on Incidecoder.
• Another helpful user informed me that the Kroger Oil Spray Sunscreen Broad Spectrum SPF 50 (7.2 oz for $10.99 / $1.53 per oz) is a dupe for the Supergoop! Glow Oil SPF 50 (5.0 oz for $38.00 / $7.60 per oz). I am not planning on trying either of these myself, so if you have tried these, please share your thoughts for us!

🌞 Review

• See photos: Packaging Dispensed onto my arm
• The Kroger formula does appear darker when coming out of the tube, but it is not actually tinted. Both sunscreens do not have any noticeable tint upon application for me.
• They both have a similar gel texture, similar to...buttery Neosporin, in a non-gross way? The gel is not runny or goopy, but quite easy to spread as it glides easily over the skin. No issues with pilling, even upon reapplication. Easy to apply the recommended 2mg/cm² "dosage" (~1/4 tsp).
• Both make my hands feel weirdly greasy after applying for a bit, even after washing.
• Neither have a distinct scent to me.

• See photos: Immediately after application 10 minutes after application
• Once applied, both the Supergoop and Kroger look essentially identical on my face. No whitecast whatsoever. Both have the signature "velvety finish" that Supergoop is known for, which is neither dewy/shiny nor mattifying.
• Thanks to the silicones in these formulas, both provide a very slight smoothing effect. The Unseen has been described as similar to the Smashbox Photo Finish Primer. I rarely wear a full face, so I did not test how these wear under makeup.
• They both feel very soft and almost weightless on the skin. Both are quite moisturizing, which I appreciate since I prefer to have sunscreen double as my AM moisturizer.
• Despite feeling quite light on my face, I find that both sunscreens take an annoyingly long time to "set" after application. The Kroger sunscreen dries more slowly than the Supergoop and feels a bit heavier to the touch, which to me is the only notable difference between the two. (Weirdly, this isn't noticeable in terms of how the sunscreen feels on my face – I'm only aware of it when I happen to touch my face with my hands, if that makes sense.) The Supergoop seems to finally mostly set after about two hours; the Kroger takes about three. In the meantime, it seems like there is still some malleability to the sunscreen finish. I wonder how susceptible the coverage is to getting disrupted up if I happen to touch my face.

• Since these are both American sunscreens, we already know that UVA protection is relatively lacking due to the abysmal selection of FDA-approved sunscreen filters. (For those not familiar with UVA protection ins-and-outs, I enjoy this breakdown from LabMuffin.)
• I emailed Supergoop and Kroger last week requesting current PPD ratings and both said they couldn't provide this info. Here's Supergoop's response and Kroger's response.
• Supergoop lists the Unseen as PA+++, so we can assume the PPD is somewhere between 8-16. They did actually provide PPD ratings at one point – per this post from May 2019 that lists Supergoop! Unseen as PPD 9.9 – but this was pre-formulation (that removed octinoxate at the end of 2019).
• Without confirmation from Kroger, I am assuming the PA rating for the Invisible Gel is similar to the Unseen Sunscreen. Both contain avobenzone, the only FDA-approved chemical filter that provides proper protection across the entire UVA range, but it is not photostable (degrades quickly with exposure to sunlight). The Kroger Invisible Gel does have a higher concentration of octocrylene, which is supposed to help stabilize avobenzone, but I am absolutely not qualified whatsoever to say if this actually results in improved UVA protection.
• For some peeps, PA+++ is far too low of a level for UV protection. I feel like I'm personally in this category at this point in my Great Summer of Sunscreen Experimentation – especially on days that I'm going to be outside for long periods, I want a sunscreen that gives me better overall protection.

• Both sunscreens are SPF 40.
• I did not notice any visible burning while wearing either sunscreen, but I also didn't use them on days when I was outside during peak sun exposure times.

• Neither of these sunscreens caused breakouts or irritation, but my skin is not very sensitive in general. For those sensitive to chemical filters or silicones, these may not be ideal picks for you. Both are fragrance-free, however the Kroger does contain citrus peel oil, which could also be problematic for some.
• Those with sensitive eyes may want to exercise caution when applying the Kroger Invisible Gel, as I did experience some minor irritation one day when I had liberally applied close to my eyes and got a bit sweaty. I haven't noticed this much with the Supergoop, but I'm not sure why – it could be because of the formulation differences, because I happened to not apply it as close to my eyes, or because I just simply didn't apply sweat as much on the days I wore the Supergoop.

🌞 Conclusion

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