Nat wolff 2010

After our soft opener (Winnipeg at Cleburne last night), today the entire American Association is in action! After taking a look at the East Division yesterday, today we switch gears and try to shake out how things will unfold in the West.
As I mentioned yesterday, AA rosters have much less continuity than recent years due to a large drain of experienced players going to the Mexican League after they loosened roster restrictions on foreign players. Without further ado:
FARGO-MOORHEAD REDHAWKS
2023 Record: 51-49 (4th, L 1st round vs. Sioux City)
Season Outlook: Entering 2023 as defending AA champions, Fargo-Moorhead returned the majority of their championship roster (including nearly their whole lineup)...and just never got going. Chris Coste has had winning teams more often than not entering year 5 at the helm, so he's looking for a bounceback from a lot of familiar faces this year.
The RedHawks return 15 players, including a whopping ten pitchers off a staff that was middle of the pack a year ago. Tyler Grauer (6-4, 4.38), Davis Feldman (3-1, 2.42, then sold to Toronto), and late-season revelation Colten Davis (7-0, 2.15) will return to front the rotation with Alex Dubord and Garrett Alexander back to shore up the back end. Offensively, several multi-year starters move on, but key contributors such as Dillon Thomas (.344, 8 HR, 35 RBI in 56 games), Evan Alexander (.281, 9 HR, 30 SB), and captain Sam Dexter (.271, 7 HR, 47 RBI) are back. As for newcomers, Frontier League veterans Dakota Phillips (.275, 12 HR, 74 RBI) and Kona Quiggle (.268, 12 HR, 59 RBI) come over, while Yoelqui Cespedes (half-brother of Yoenis) is an intriguing power hitter making his Indy ball debut. The pitching side almost all comes back, but Orlando Rodriguez is a new arm to watch.
I actually feel pretty good about this roster, so I'm expecting considerable improvement from 2023. How far does that improvement take them? That's less clear.
KANSAS CITY MONARCHS
2023 Record: 59-40 (1st, W Miles Wolff Cup Finals vs. Chicago)
Season Outlook: Death, taxes, and Kansas City having an absolute wagon. The Monarchs won their third AA title in six years last season after cruising to the division title with the best record in the league. Joe Calfapietra has never won fewer than 57 games in his first six seasons at the helm in KC, so the expectation is title or bust—and they often get there. Last season required a pretty significant rebuild, which the Monarchs did seamlessly, and this year is shaping up to be the same.
Kansas City returns just four players, with starters Dalton Moats (5-3, 4.61) and Ashton Goudeau (2-1, 2.57, plus 3-0, 1.37 in 2023 playoffs) back alongside back-end arm Grant Gavin (6-4, 3.88, 78 K in 51 innings). The entire offense (first in HR, second in runs in 2023) is being rebuilt with only 28 at-bats (from one player), returning. Former MLB 1st-round picks Blake Rutherford (.336, 12 HR, 49 RBI) and Travis Swaggerty are the headliners, alongside another Triple-A bat in Tucker Bradley (.277, 7 HR, 55 RBI) and a power threat in Frankie Tostado (.240, 14 HR, 78 RBI). Pitching-wise, Will McAffer (0-2, 4.87) returns to the AA, where he was excellent in Winnipeg in 2022. Virtually the rest of the incoming staff are Double-A/Triple-A vets who have enjoyed some success at the pro level.
There's often not a lot of flash on the pitching side of KC's teams, but they usually end up with a top-4 staff by the end of the year. Combine that with an offense shaping up to be dangerous and Joe C. and company are ready for a title defense.
LINCOLN SALTDOGS
2023 Record: 48-52 (5th)
Season Outlook: The Lincoln Saltdogs have mastered the art of being mediocre, having been within five games of .500 (on either side) in 12 of the last 15 years, though last year saw them three games out of the postseason. Brett Jodie is back for his fourth year in charge in Lincoln and is trying to see if this is the year he finally gets things over the hump.
Lincoln returns a decent core of nine players, highlighted by starters Abdallah Aris (6-4, 4.51, 77 Ks) and Zach Keenan (4-6, 4.98), along with stud reliever Walter Borkovich (2.57 ERA, 46 K in 26 games) on the pitching side, as well as All-Stars Nick Anderson (.276, 20 HR, 58 RBI, 16 SB) and Drew Devine (.282, 7 HR, 12 SB), and rock-solid Luke Roskam (.294, 14 HR, 62 RBI) and Zane Zurbrugg (.304, 4 HR, 12 SB in 54 games) pacing the offense. As far as newcomers, Lincoln raided Pioneer League champion Ogden, bringing in six former Raptors (and nine PBL guys in total), most notably Logan Williams (.314, 13 HR, 72 RBI) and Pioneer League Reliever of the Year Dan Kubiuk (0.50 ERA, 15 saves, 50 K in 35.2 IP).
A lot will hinge on how well the Pioneer League cast performs with a step up in competition, but maybe just maybe this is the year for Lincoln to break the mold. If the PBL guys falter, then Lincoln probably spends September at home again.
SIOUX CITY EXPLORERS
2023 Record: 52-48 (T-2nd, L West Division Finals vs. Kansas City)
Season Outlook: Sioux City was on the verge of a huge upset of Kansas City, but blew a 5-0 lead in the 7th inning of a decisive Game 3 of the West Finals to make it a perfect 0-for-30 years in terms of championships. Steve Montgomery, the longest-tenured skipper in the AA, is back for Year 10 in Siouxland (with a new nine-year extension) with as many 70-win seasons as non-playoff seasons (two). The X's are always competitive, but also haven't won more than 53 games since 2019.
The X's will return 11 players, most notably John Nogowski (.317, 4 HR, 20 BB, 9 K in 34 games) and Scott Ota (.311, 7 HR, 25 RBI in 38 games), who were both huge down the stretch last year. Two-time AA Defensive Player of the Year Chase Harris is back, looking to rebound from a career-worst year (.210, 5 HR, 26 SB). Veteran relievers Nate Gercken and Brandon Brosher both have had considerable success, but are back to looking to bounce back after so-so seasons. Among new acquisitions, Nick Shumpert is the most notable, with two years of AA experience. It's hard to figure out what else is going on for SC because as of Wednesday night (when I'm typing this), the X's have just nine position players listed. Obviously, a few more hitters will be signed by Friday (hey, Nate Samson is still available...).
All I can say is that Mongo will usually figure it out and the X's will be OK, but that's probably it: just OK. That said, based on their current roster compared to the rest of the division, I could very well see them on the outside looking in come playoff time.
SIOUX FALLS CANARIES
2023 Record: 52-48 (T-2nd, L 1st round vs. Kansas City)
Season Outlook: Last season was an unqualified success for the Birds as Charlie Hasty and the offense covered up a lot of deficiencies, earning the squad's first winning season and playoff berth in a full season since 2010 (SF was 31-27 and lost the AA Finals in the shortened 2020 campaign). Now comes the hard part: building off of it. In the sad-sack 31-year history of the Canaries, they only have seven winning seasons—and only once have they posted them back-to-back (they've never made the playoffs twice in a row). Mike Meyer is back for his 7th season (with a well-deserved extension) trying to make 2023 the foundation, not the apex.
The Birds are bringing back a lot, keeping a league-high 17 players around, including both catchers and possible the best outfield in the league (Mike Hart, Hunter Clanin, and Wyatt Ulrich), alongside franchise icon Jabari Henry (3rd in all-time AA home runs) and breakout infielder Jordan Barth (.298, 11 HR, 66 RBI, 16 SB). Eight arms return from the league's worst pitching staff a year ago, but ace relievers Charlie Hasty (2.28 ERA, 22 saves) and Brady Stover (4-0, 2.82 in 25 games) are back, as are steady (if unspectactular) starters Mitchell Walters (8-5, 5.02, 92 Ks) and Ty Culbreth (7-5, 6.23, 108.1 IP). However, the big pitching story is the signing of All-Star Ryan Zimmerman (10-3, 3.35, 100 Ks) from Milwaukee, who immediately slots in as a bona-fide ace. Josh Rehwaldt (.315, 29 HR, 90 RBI, 18 SB) is an impressive offensive acquisition after consecutive 29-HR seasons in the Frontier League.
Sioux Falls appears to be trying to slug their way into the postseason again, but with the front-line starter they've been lacking and plenty of ammo offensively, their chances are more than fair.
WINNIPEG GOLDEYES
2023 Record: 43-57 (6th)
Season Outlook: As many predicted, the Greg Tagert experiment failed miserably as he went one-and-done in Manitoba, crashing the Goldeyes into the basement for the first time in the 30-year history of the franchise. New manager Logan Watkins is in after leading Cleburne to three playoff appearances in as many seasons, looking to guide the proud franchise back to prominence.
The Fish bring back seven returners, though former MVP Max Murphy (.286, 26 HR, 84 RBI) and Rookie of the Year Dayson Croes (.351, 3 HR, 67 RBI) are great starting pieces, as is Miles Simington (.329 in 47 games). Joey Matulovich (5-9, 3.78, 121 Ks) and Landon Bourassa (11-6, 4.62, 109.0 IP) were Winnipeg's top starters in 2023 and come back, while Travis Seabrooke is as durable of a bullpen arm there is (league-record 60 games in 2022). There are notable additions in the return of Tasker Strobel (3.41 ERA and 21 saves for Winnipeg in 2022), while the offense gets a boost from a surprise re-appearance of veteran Edwin Arroyo (career. 310 average in 4 AA seasons) and Gio Brusa (16 HR, 63 RBI in 2022). Roby Enriquez and Adam Hall are signings out of affiliated ball who could turn some heads.
One thing I have no doubt of: Winnipeg will be better this year. The climb is steeper in a tough division, but they kept virtually everyone worth keeping and added some very nice pieces around them. A winning record and playoff berth are absolutely within reach.
Final Division Standings Prediction
Going through all of these previews, I believe that most of the West is better than most of the East and that there is no truly bad team in this division. I waffled back and forth on about every spot. Either way, make no mistake, all six teams absolutely have a playoff shot.

1. Kansas City
2. Fargo-Moorhead
3. Winnipeg
4. Sioux Falls
5. Lincoln
6. Sioux City

okay guys, so here's the thing, you guys know, ben folds, wrote and sung songs for over the hedge, you know nat and alex wolff of the naked brothers band, sung rock this town, in the tv spot of monsters vs. aliens, you guys know what i think, i really think that nat and alex wolff of the naked brothers band, should have wrote and sung songs for, monsters vs. aliens, and the movie, would be awesome, with the naked brothers band songs.

Hello!
I have been trying to find which registrations operated the following flights, which seems to be quite a challenge, but I hope someone can shed a light:
GLO7487 (POA-GRU) on January 21, 2010
GLO1902 (GRU-NAT) on January 21, 2010
GLO1601 (NAT-SSA-GIG) on February 5, 2010
GLO7468 (GIG-POA) on February 5, 2010
Further information:
All flights were operated by 737-800
GLO1902 was operated by a VARIG livery plane, which restrict to few registrations. The remaining ones had regular GOL liveries, which excludes PR-GGE.
Tried to contact the airline maintenance hangar, with no answer at all.

This film was on Hulu in 2009-2010 ish. I think it was a nat geo film. The closest hint I have is it was on the same Hulu page as "the megaflyover" https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=lpKO0rzHttQ
It was about a widow living in an old house in some sort of jungle in, I think, Australia. Part of the film was narrated from the perspective of the house itself. And in the end the woman gives a beautiful speech about conservation.

The biosynthesis of DMT is not limited to plants. In fact, it has been found to be endogenously produced in a number of animals, including rabbits,¹³⁶ rats,^137,138 and humans.¹³⁹ A recent review analyzed 69 published studies from 1955−2010 that attempted to measure putative endogenous psychedelics such as DMT, 5-OH-DMT (i.e., bufotenin), and 5-MeO-DMT in human body fluids (e.g., urine, blood, and cerebral spinal fluid).¹³¹ The authors conclude that there is overwhelming evidence that humans produce DMT and 5-OH-DMT, but that data regarding 5-MeO-DMT is less conclusive. Many early studies measuring DMT levels in animals have been criticized for their lack of specificity; however, these early results have been confirmed recently using highly sensitive and specific modern analytical methods such as liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC−MS/MS).¹³⁸ Furthermore, specific diets, antibiotics, and other medications do not seem to influence DMT levels in humans,¹³¹ making it likely that DMT is produced endogenously rather than originating from the ingestion of plant material, the production by gut microbiota, or the metabolism of pharmaceutical agents. Now that the presence of DMT in humans has been firmly established, further research needs to be done to determine if endogenously produced DMT can influence brain function or is simply an insignificant metabolic product of tryptophan metabolism.
The enzyme indolethylamine N-methyltransferase (INMT) catalyzes the methylation of a variety of biogenic amines, and is responsible for converting tryptamine into DMT in mam- mals.¹⁴⁰ Homologous proteins to human INMT have been found in several animals^141,142 with the human and rabbit forms being 88% identical.¹⁴⁰ Human INMT is expressed in most tissues including the brain with the lungs exhibiting the highest levels of expression.^140,143 Interestingly, the ex vivo activity of INMT varies as a function of age with INMT preparations from the perinatal period exhibiting the greatest activity.²⁶ This difference in activity does not seem to be a result of changes in enzyme expression as a function of age, but rather from changes in the levels of an unidentified endogenous, dialyzable, peptidic inhibitor of INMT that represses native activity of the enzyme.^144,145 In principle, rapid degradation of this inhibitor could allow for precise temporal control of DMT biosynthesis.
Our current understanding of the function (or lack thereof) of endogenous DMT is severely limited by our lack of knowledge regarding exactly when and where this molecule is produced in the body.¹³¹ To date, most studies have attempted to measure DMT levels in body fluids (e.g., blood and urine); however, measuring local changes in metabolism within specific regions of the body is likely to yield more useful information due to the rapid metabolism of DMT as well as the fact that INMT activity varies as a function of tissue type (e.g, it is highest in the lungs). Microdialysis experiments are useful in this regard, and one such study recently detected DMT in the pineal gland of rats.¹³⁸ Several authors have hypothesized that DMT secreted from the pineal gland might give rise to dreams, mystical states, and various sensations associated with near-death experiences.^6,146 However, others have argued that the small size of the pineal gland make it unlikely to be able to produce the quantity of DMT estimated to be necessary to produce a mystical experience (ca. 25 mg of DMT within a few minutes for a 75 kg individual).¹⁴⁷ As DMT rapidly crosses the blood−brain barrier after entering the bloodstream (vide supra), a large, highly vascularized peripheral organ expressing high levels of INMT, such as the lungs, seems a more likely source of DMT than either the brain or pineal gland. Though challenging, lung microdialysis studies¹⁴⁸ would shed light on this issue.
While very little is known about the synthesis and biodistribution of endogenous DMT, it is clear that under normal physiological conditions, DMT is produced in exceedingly small quantities, causing it to be labeled a trace amine. The single most important question for the field to answer is whether or not endogenous DMT is produced in sufficient quantities to have meaningful biological effects. As DMT is an inhibitor of INMT,^143,149 it is likely that such product inhibition of the enzyme limits the amount of DMT that can be synthesized rapidly, making it unlikely that the concentration of endogenous DMT could exceed the threshold for inducing hallucinogenic effects or mystical experiences, except for maybe under extreme conditions. However, endogenous DMT does not need to reach high concentrations to exert significant effects on mammalian physiology. Ly and coworkers demonstrated that a subhallucinogenic dose of DMT in rodents (based on allometric scaling of a hallucinogenic human dose)¹⁵⁰ can produce long-lasting changes in neural plasticity.⁴⁶
Currently, we do not know how DMT concentrations change as a function of age, sex, or behavioral state. There is preliminary evidence from the 1970s suggesting that endogenous DMT production in rats increases following stress, specifically after experiencing electric shocks.¹³³ Both our lab and others have demonstrated that high acute doses of DMT result in anxiogenic effects such as increased immediate freezing following foot shocks, decreased exploratory activity in the open field, and less time spent in the open arms of an elevated plus maze.^{52,98,151,152} However, we have also shown that DMT promotes structural and functional plasticity in the prefrontal cortex⁴⁶ and facilitates fear extinction learning.⁵² It is possible that in rodents, endogenous DMT produced during stress serves an adaptive or protective role by (1) potentiating initial fear responses (e.g., increased freezing and reduced time spent in open spaces) and/or (2) promoting structural plasticity in the prefrontal cortex, thus facilitating fear extinction learning and preventing the formation of patho- logical fear memories. If true, this would have important implications for understanding the pathophysiology of post- traumatic stress disorder. However, it is also possible that stress does not increase endogenous DMT concentrations to levels sufficient for causing changes in behavior or plasticity.
As a final thought, endogenous DMT might play a greater role in neurodevelopment than in adult physiology. First, INMT activity is highest during development.²⁶ Second, Ly and coworkers have demonstrated that DMT is a potent psychoplastogen capable of inducing the growth of dendrites and dendritic spines while also promoting synaptogenesis.⁴⁶ Moreover, DMT likely mediates its effects on neural plasticity via an evolutionarily conserved mechanism, as psychedelics are capable of promoting neurite outgrowth in both Drosophila and rodent neurons.⁴⁶ At this point, any potential role for endogenous DMT in normal mammalian physiology should be considered highly speculative at best, and new research in this area is necessary to close this knowledge gap.
Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Lindsay P. Cameron and David E. Olson. Jul 23, 2018. ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 9, 10, 2344–2357. DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00101 (ENDOGENOUS PRODUCTION IN ANIMALS, pages 2349–2350)
 
(6) Strassman, R. (2001) DMT: The Spirit Molecule: A Doctor’s Revolutionary Research into the Biology of Near-Death and Mystical Experiences, Park Street Press, Rochester.
(26) Lin, R.-L., Sargeant, S., and Narasimhachari, N. (1974) Indolethylamine-N-methyltransferase in developing rabbit lung. Dev. Psychobiol. 7, 475−481.
(46) Ly, C., Greb, A. C., Cameron, L. P., Wong, J. M., Barragan, E. V., Wilson, P. C., Burbach, K. F., Soltanzadeh Zarandi, S., Sood, A., Paddy, M. R., Duim, W. C., Dennis, M. Y., McAllister, A. K., Ori-McKenney, K. M., Gray, J. A., and Olson, D. E. (2018) Psychedelics Promote Structural and Functional Neural Plasticity. Cell Rep. 23, 3170−3182.
(52) Cameron, L. P., Benson, C. J., Dunlap, L. E., and Olson, D. E. (2018) Effects of N,N-dimethyltryptamine on rat behaviors relevant to anxiety and depression. ACS Chem. Neurosci. 9, 1582−1590.
(98) Geyer, M. A., Light, R. K., Rose, G. J., Petersen, L. R., Horwitt, D. D., Adams, L. M., and Hawkins, R. L. (1979) A characteristic effect of hallucinogens on investigatory responding in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 65, 35−40.
(131) Barker, S. A., McIlhenny, E. H., and Strassman, R. (2012) A critical review of reports of endogenous psychedelic N,N-dimethyltryptamines in humans: 1955−2010. Drug Test. Anal. 4, 617−635.
(133) Christian, S. T., Harrison, R., Quayle, E., Pagel, J., and Monti, J. (1977) The in vitro identification of dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in mammalian brain and its characterization as a possible endogenous neuroregulatory agent. Biochem. Med. 18, 164−183.
(136) Mandel, L. R., Prasad, R., Lopez-Ramos, B., and Walker, R. W. (1977) The biosynthesis of dimethyltryptamine in vivo. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 16, 47−58.
(137) Saavedra, J. M., and Axelrod, J. (1972) Psychotomimetic N- methylated tryptamines: formation in brain in vivo and in vitro. Science 175, 1365−1366.
(138) Barker, S. A., Borjigin, J., Lomnicka, I., and Strassman, R. (2013) LC/MS/MS analysis of the endogenous dimethyltryptamine hallucinogens, their precursors, and major metabolites in rat pineal gland microdialysate. Biomed. Chromatogr. 27, 1690−1700.
(139) Karkkainen, J., Forsstrom, T., Tornaeus, J., Wahala, K., Kiuru, P., Honkanen, A., Stenman, U. H., Turpeinen, U., and Hesso, A. (2005) Potentially hallucinogenic 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor ligands bufotenine and dimethyltryptamine in blood and tissues. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 65, 189−199.
(140) Thompson, M. A., Moon, E., Kim, U. J., Xu, J., Siciliano, M. J., and Weinshilboum, R. M. (1999) Human indolethylamine N-methyltransferase: cDNA cloning and expression, gene cloning, and chromosomal localization. Genomics 61, 285−297.
(141) Morgan, M., and Mandell, A. J. (1969) Indole(ethyl)amine N-methyltransferase in the brain. Science 165, 492−493.
(142) Mandell, A. J., and Morgan, M. (1971) Indole(ethyl)amine N-Methyltransferase in Human Brain. Nat. New Biol. 230, 85.
(143) Thompson, M. A., and Weinshilboum, R. M. (1998) Rabbit lung indolethylamine N-methyltransferase. cDNA and gene cloning and characterization. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 34502−34510.
(144) Marzullo, G., Rosengarten, H., and Friedhoff, A. J. (1977) A peptide-like inhibitor of N-methyltransferase in rabbit brain. Life Sci. 20, 775−783.
(145) Wyatt, R. J., Saavedra, J. M., and Axelrod, J. (1973) A dimethyltryptamine-forming enzyme in human blood. Am. J. Psychiatry 130, 754−760.
(146) Callaway, J. C. (1988) A proposed mechanism for the visions of dream sleep. Med. Hypotheses 26, 119−124.
(147) Nichols, D. E. (2018) N,N-dimethyltryptamine and the pineal gland: Separating fact from myth. J. Psychopharmacol. 32, 30−36.
(148) Zeitlinger, M., Muller, M., and Joukhadar, C. (2005) Lung microdialysis–a powerful tool for the determination of exogenous and endogenous compounds in the lower respiratory tract (mini-review). AAPS J. 7, E600−8.
(149) Chu, U. B., Vorperian, S. K., Satyshur, K., Eickstaedt, K., Cozzi, N. V., Mavlyutov, T., Hajipour, A. R., and Ruoho, A. E. (2014) Noncompetitive Inhibition of Indolethylamine-N-methyltransferase by N,N-Dimethyltryptamine and N,N-Dimethylaminopropyltrypt- amine. Biochemistry 53, 2956−2965.
(150) Nair, A. B., and Jacob, S. (2016) A simple practice guide for dose conversion between animals and human. J. basic Clin. Pharm. 7, 27−31.
(151) Adams, L., and Geyer, M. (1982) LSD-induced alterations of locomotor patterns and exploration in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 77, 179−185.
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The DMT Debate w/ Dr. Jon Dean (dmtquest.org YouTube channel)
The DMT Debate #2 w/ Dr. Steven Barker (dmtquest.org YouTube channel)
Also see my post about the connection between ayahuasca and meditation.

1. First, while filming Maze Runner: The Death Cure (2018), Dylan O'Brien was hit by a car during a stunt and suffered multiple injuries. Dylan said that his accident "completely rewired" how he felt about being on set, and there was a time when he thought he'd never step foot on a set again.
2. In 2012, while filming The Good Wife Season 4, Kristin Chenoweth was hospitalized after suffering a "seven-inch skull fracture, a hairline fracture, cracked teeth, and ribs" when lighting equipment fell and hit her. The on-set accident led to Kristin having "long-standing injuries" that she still deals with today.
3. After filming Psycho (1960), namely the iconic scene where Marion is stabbed in the shower, Janet Leigh said it caused her to develop a phobia of taking showers. She only took baths, and would "leave the bathroom door open and shower curtain open" if possible.
4. Sophia Bush said she developed a fear of being underwater after filming a scene in One Tree Hill Season 8 (2010) when Brooke almost drowns inside a car. On an episode of the Drama Queens podcast, she explained that in order to film the scene, she was submerged in a pool with weighted belts in her lap and had to act like she was drowning.
5. Four days before filming The Banshees of Inisherin (2022), Barry Keoghan suffered from a case of necrotizing fasciitis, aka flesh-eating disease, on his arm. Barry said amputation was discussed by his doctors, too. Director and writer Martin McDonagh recalled visiting Barry, saying, "I went to the hospital thinking, Shit — is he going to die? Let alone, is he going to make the movie."
6. While filming Buried (2010), Ryan Reynolds became extremely claustrophobic due to the fact the movie focuses on his character being buried alive in a coffin. He said, "For me, I was enclosed in there and had moments of utter panic that were soothed in various ways."
7. Tippi Hedren developed a fear of birds after filming Alfred Hitchcock's The Birds (1963). In her memoir, Tippi recalled the horrible days on set when real birds were used during the famous attic scene to attack her. She wrote, "It was brutal and ugly and relentless." At one point, birds were tied to her costume, and animal handlers threw live birds directly at her.
8. While filming The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), during the scene when Samwise runs into the river to catch up to Frodo, Sean Astin pierced his foot with a sharp piece of glass. The cut was so deep, and there was so much blood, that they had to call a helicopter to the woods where they were filming in order to rush Sean to the hospital.
9. In his 2002 book, Lucky Man, Michael J. Fox revealed that while filming the close-ups where Marty McFly is hung in Back to the Future Part III (1990), he almost died while hanging there. Michael said for a few takes he was able to have his hands between the rope and his neck so that he was still able to breathe, however it went wrong on the third take. He wrote, "I miscalculated the positioning of my hand. Noose around my neck, dangling from the gallows pole; my carotid artery was blocked, causing me briefly to pass out."
10. While filming Napoleon and Samantha (1972), when she was only nine years old, Jodie Foster was mauled by a lion. "Then, [the stand-in lion] picked me up sideways and shook me in his mouth and turned me around," Jodie recalled. Due to the incident, Jodie said, "Now cats freak me out a little bit."
11. After filming Hereditary (2018), Alex Wolff suffered from PTSD. He said, "I don’t think you can go through something like this and not have some sort of PTSD afterwards." Alex also added, "It was one of those ones that really did some gymnastics on my emotional well-being." He said he suffered from some memory loss when it comes to remembering filming certain scenes in the horror film, too.
12. Tom Hanks was rushed to the hospital while filming Cast Away (2000). He explained, "I was there for three days with something that, believe it or not, almost killed me." Tom had an infection from a cut that was "eating its way through [his] leg."
13. And finally, after filming Snow White and the Huntsman (2012), Kristen Stewart revealed, "I never want to get back on a horse." The stunt coordinator for the film also revealed that Kristen was "nervous to start with" and was "very cautious" while filming the riding scenes in the movie.

Link to article

As the title suggests, I am trying to find a way to get an old nats jersey over Nyjer Morgan. Even though he didn't play for us long, my family loved him. Do you guys have an advice on where I could find one, or even where to get a relatively authentic nats jersey from 2010.

Three years ago I was a high school English teacher. Today, I'm a cybersecurity engineer. This is how I did it (and what mistakes to avoid).
Shameless plug (My video series: https://www.youtube.com/@Kyle.Marvin/)
Cybersecurity Overview
Three questions to start us off:
1. What is Information Technology and what other IT jobs besides security pay well?

1. What is cybersecurity and what your job duties would be?
   
2. And what is this about red/blue/purple teams that make up IT Security?
   

Main IT Domains
1. Networking. Network engineers design, implement, and manage network infrastructure, such as routers, switches, and firewalls.
2. Cloud. Cloud engineers do the same, but with cloud-based infrastructure and services.

1. System Administration. System administrators handle user account management, data backups, and system updates.

4. Help Desk. Help Desk technicians serve as the first point of contact for users seeking assistance.

Cybersecurity Analyst / Engineer Job duties:

1. Investigating security alerts, such as potential malware on a machine

2. Reviewing emails for indicators such as malicious links or attachments
3. DNS Filtering so that if a user does click a link, it doesn’t have a malicious effect
4. Conducting vulnerability assessments to find weaknesses in our infrastructure
5. Developing security policies, like Acceptable Use documents
6. Implementing security controls like MFA and EDR

1. Incident response during a data breach

8. Training users to have a security mindset

1. Audit for compliance to industry regulations such as HIPAA and PCI DSS

10. Identity Protection to ensure only authorized users gain access to company resources

Red vs. Blue vs. Purple
Blue Team: Their job is to set up a company’s defenses. Like mentioned earlier: they do email security, endpoint protection, DNS filtering, and respond to alerts. Their job is to try and keep all the bad actors out.
Red Team: These folks get paid to be “ethical” or “white hat” hackers. Yes - companies pay people to try and break through the blue team’s defenses. They may use social engineering (the act of manipulating people) or they may use technical skills, such as finding exploits and vulnerabilities in defenses.
Purple Team: Sometimes, the red and blue teams come together for military style exercises where the red team tries to break into something and the blue team defends. These are called purple team exercises. A few companies will even have a dedicated role for purple teamers to manage these exercises.

Why Choose Cybersecurity?
1. I work more with things now than I do with people. There are people-centered security positions, but there are also positions that focus on (non-coding) tech skills.
2. Median pay is $120,000 a year Information Security Analysts : Occupational Outlook Handbook: : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (bls.gov)
3. Job growth of 32% into 2032 Cybersecurity Salary Guide: How Much Can You Earn? – Forbes Advisor
4. Cybercrime is MASSIVELY profitable. Companies need digital police. They need YOU. 2022 Cybersecurity Almanac: 100 Facts, Figures, Predictions And Statistics (cybersecurityventures.com)
5. Make a positive impact on the world by thwarting cybercrime.

Security (and IT) Certifications
Certification: CompTIA A+
Why: It helped me get interviews and ultimately land an entry-level IT role.
Who’s it for: Folks with no background in tech looking to break into the industry.

Certification: CompTIA Network+
Why: You may need more than A+ on your resume to land a job. Also, you NEED to know how networking works.
Who’s it for: Folks with no background in tech looking to break into the industry. If you already have an IT job, skip the test, but study the material! (CCNA is a good alternative IF you want to do network security).

Certification: CompTIA Security+
Why: Allows you to apply for secret and top secret security positions (DoD certified). Gives a good theoretical understanding of security.
Who’s it for: Folks with tech background looking to break into cybersecurity.

Then I would get one of the following:
Certification: BTL1 Blue Team Level 1 Certification » Security Blue Team
Why: Good entry-level certification to build hands-on defensive skills

Certification: eJPT eJPT Certification - INE Security
Why: Good entry-level certification to build hands-on offensive skills

Certification: PNPT Practical Network Penetration Tester (PNPT) - TCM Security (tcm-sec.com)
Why: Good entry-level certification to build hands-on offensive skills

Honorable Mentions
Google IT Support Professional Google IT Support Professional Certificate Coursera
Google Cybersecurity Professional Google Cybersecurity Professional Certificate Coursera
Why Honorable only? They did not help me land a job, but have excellent content. CompTIA moved the needle for me in terms of interviews of job offers.

Security Projects
Email Security
Buy a domain and get yourself a personalized email address. Configure the DNS records (SPF, DMARC) to ensure it’s secure. You can add this address to your resume and highlight it as a skill you now have experience with! SO many companies do not have DMARC setup correctly and this is a HIGH demand skill. Email is the number 1 path for threat actors to compromise accounts. Knowing how to secure email is a must.
Antivirus
Find and install a free antivirus program, such as MalwareBytes on virtual machine. Look through all the configurations and see what changes you can make.
While on the virtual machine, download Potentially Unwanted Programs (PUPs) and see how the AV reacts. Try downloading EICAR (European Institute for Computer Anti-Virus Research) and testing with that.
See if you can block files by hash. If you can, create a .exe file with some code from ChatGPT (maybe a PowerShell script that grabs system info and writes it to a .txt file), grab its hash, block it in the AV by adding the hash, then try to execute the file.
Security Awareness Training
Go through your personal email, hit your spam/junk folder, and you won’t have to dig long. Find out how to determine what malicious indicators are, and then create thorough walk-throughs on a few emails, highlighting what evidence you found, and how that evidence led to your conclusion.
Post these on Medium for visibility. Create a mini-course on educating users to not click on links, input their credentials, download files, verify if an email is from a trusted sender, etc.
You can take this to the next level by automating portions of this process: have a python script scan the headers, pull just the info you require, and then utilize APIs to analyze that data.
Network Security
pfSense is an open source firewall that you can setup in your home environment. OR if you have a spare Raspberry PI, then setup OpenWRT. Either are great options.
If you are not an active administrator of your home network, now is the time to start! Learning to secure your home environment will go a long way to securing an enterprise environment. Frankly you can just start off with the gear you have and see what options you can enable to increase security.
DNS Filtering
You can set up OpenDNS for 20$ a year or free!
Download, install, setup, and test. Can you get to websites you shouldn’t? What can you block? What should you block? What should an organization block to increase productivity and security?
Up your DNS filtering game by setting up multiple profiles that allow certain users access to some sites that others don’t have access to. For instance, allow Facebook for someone and block it for another user.
Document this process! Create a write-up or video or podcast. Post it online and share it with the community.
Password manager
Managing passwords is a pain. Do you know how many accounts you have? do you know if any have been compromised? So many folks use multiple open-source PWMs, such as chrome, firefox, edge…and more. Consolidate your passwords into a single location, update them to be secure, delete old/unnecessary accounts, enable MFA where you can.
Do you already pay for Nord VPN? Well they include a PWM. Or there’s a ton of options out there that are really affordable.
Do some research: should you use a cloud PWM? Or should you setup an on-prem Raspberry PI PWM? Find the option that suits your needs and get it going!

Bonus Projects
1. Eric Capuano wrote a 4-part blog series that details how to set up a homelab SOC Analyst style. https://blog.ecapuano.com/p/so-you-want-to-be-a-soc-analyst-intro
2. Reverse Malware Analysis by TCM Security https://academy.tcm-sec.com/

Wargames
Capture-the-Flag (CTF) events are cybersecurity competitions designed to test participants' skills in various aspects of information security. They involve solving a series of challenges that simulate real-world security scenarios. Participants are often organized into teams and compete to uncover hidden flags or solve puzzles to score points.
Six Reasons to Compete in a Wargame
1. CTF challenges cover a wide range of technical areas, including network security, cryptography, web security, reverse engineering, forensics, and more.
2. Participants must apply problem-solving techniques, analyze vulnerabilities, devise strategies, and explore different approaches to overcome obstacles.
3. Events often require participants to work together to solve challenges and maximize their score. The ability to work well in a team is highly valuable in real-world cybersecurity scenarios.
4. CTFs put participants under pressure to solve challenges within a limited timeframe, which helps develop time management skills, improve decision-making under pressure, and enhance your ability to prioritize tasks effectively.
5. Engaging in the CTF community allows participants to network, exchange knowledge, and build relationships that can be beneficial for career advancement and future collaborations.
6. Placing in the top 3 in a CTF is an accomplishment worth noting on your resume and demonstrates to employers that you have the previously mentioned skills.

Types of Wargames
Jeopardy
In this type of CTF, teams are given a board that looks like jeopardy with certain categories, such as OSINT, PWN, Crypto, etc. and there are multiple tasks worth varying points, for instance, PWN for 500. Completing these tasks awards points to a team.
Attack-Defense
A “gameserver” is provided by the organizers and runs throughout the competition and periodically stores flags on your Vulnbox
The Vulnbox is your running instance of the virtual machine given to you by the organizers. It runs all the services that the gameserver uses to store flags. Your job is to protect your flags by securing the services and ensure your VM is not exploitable (the Defense part of the game).
The other teams all have their vulnboxes, and after about an hour, the network will open up so that the other teams can start exploiting (aka the Attack phase) your machine and find flags. Successfully stealing and submitting flags from the Vulnbox of other teams determines your attack score!
Technical Preparation
College
Is college required? No. Does it help? Yes.
I have a B.A. in English – not tech related at all and this was more than sufficient to get a job. Many of my coworkers do not have degrees at all.
WGU has a popular program - Cybersecurity Courses Online – Bachelor’s Degree WGU

Bootcamps
Required? No. Helpful? Maybe.
Check out pay-what-you-can training from SANS instructors at Antisyphon https://www.antisyphontraining.com/
or
Popular YouTuber and Security Engineer Josh Madakor also has a bootcamp. https://www.youtube.com/@JoshMadakor

Technical Skills Development
Defensive Skill Building
1. Blue Team Labs Online BTLO (blueteamlabs.online)
Offensive Skill Building (ethical hacking, penetration testing, application security)
1. Hack the Box
a. Academy (for beginners) Best Online Cybersecurity Courses & Certifications HTB Academy (hackthebox.com)
b. Labs (beginner to advanced) Hack The Box :: Login
2. TryHackMe TryHackMe Cyber Security Training

Podcasts
Darknet Diaries – True stories from the dark side of the internet by Jack Rhysider (SO GOOD). Darknet Diaries – True stories from the dark side of the Internet.
Daily Cyber Threat Brief - Do You Know How EPIC Simply Cyber Is? (Max Nitro Edition) (youtube.com)

Books
1. Dark Territory: The Secret History of Cyber War by Fred Kaplan
Dark Territory recounts the history of cyber warfare in the United States before the word “Cyber” was even coined. It covers a comprehensive understanding of how America began its cyber programs from the Cold War up through the Obama administration.
It is less about specific cyber attacks or exploits, although it does cover many, and more about the history behind the CIA, NSA, FBI, and all the other alphabet soup of the American government.

2. You’ll See This Message When It’s Too Late by Josephine Wolff
The first section recounts 3 major financially motivated cyber incidents: TXJ breach, South Carolina Department of Revenue (SCDOR) and the Zues botnet / Cryptolocker. You’ll get a good understanding of some defensive measures to thwart financial cyber crimes, along with a great history lesson.
The second section deals with cyber-espionage: DigiNotar (a certificate authority), China’s PLA Unit 61398, and the breach to the US Office of Personnel Management (OPM). The defensive measures one might take to counteract these crimes has some overlap, but is interestingly more difficult to prevent.
The third section highlights cyber acts of public humiliation: Spamhaus’ DDoS, Sony’s Breach (one of many), and the adulterous Ashley Madison website. These crimes are perhaps the most difficult to thwart and as the motivations and information required are different.
The final section is something of a review. It focuses on potential solutions to issues, the underlying economic costs, and the legislative agenda tied to these issues.

3. Cybersecurity and Cyberwar by P.W. Singer & Allan Friedman
The book delves into the history and current state of cyber warfare, providing a detailed look at the players, the technology, and the politics involved, from state-sponsored hackers to cybercrime syndicates, the authors take readers on a journey through the dark corners of the internet.
It also offers practical advice on how to protect yourself and your organization from cyber-attacks. From understanding the basics of computer security to implementing advanced security measures, it’s packed with actionable tips and tricks to help you stay safe online.

Defense in Depth
There are four types of controls (OK – there’s actually more) that, when combined, help create a defense in depth strategy. For instance, locking your front door, installing a camera and flood light, owning a big dog, and having a silent alarm is a defense in depth strategy to keep your home safe.
- The floodlight and camera are deterrents, which reduce the likelihood of being attacked.
- The lock on the front door is preventative, intended to make an attack unsuccessful.
- The big dog can reduce the effect of a break in, a corrective control.
- The silent alarm, a detective control, can signal the cops to come investigate.
Learn more here: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/3-types-security-controls-expert-explains-purple-sec/
So what?
Cybersecurity has multiple domains where we implement multiple control types. Each of these can be a sub-specialty within security.

Email Security
According to Deloitte, 91% of all cyber attacks begin with a phishing email. Therefore, email security is a top priority. 91% of all cyber attacks begin with a phishing email to an unexpected victim Deloitte Malaysia Risk Advisory Press releases
As a security analyst, you’ll have two jobs:
1. Review user submitted emails to see if they are malicious, spam, or legitimate
2. Create email security policies to prevent malicious emails.

Endpoint Protection
As a Security Analyst, you’ll likely be responding to many AV or EDR alerts. For instance, your AV may be configured to block, quarantine, ignore, or delete files and processes. Depending on the situation, you’ll need to figure out if the file or process is malicious and how did it get to the endpoint in the first place. Did the user click a link? Did they download something they shouldn't have? Did they plug in a USB they found on the street?
A company’s worst nightmare is ransomware. This is a primary tool to prevent that.

Security Awareness Training
Backstory before we discuss this one.
Stuxnet was a computer worm that was discovered in 2010 and is believed to have been developed jointly by the United States and Israel. It was designed to target industrial control systems and specifically the centrifuges used by Iran in their nuclear program. The worm was able to infiltrate these systems by exploiting zero-day vulnerabilities and spread to other systems through removable drives and network connections.
What that means is, no security controls that we as analysts could configure would have prevented this malware. The question remains, how did this malware get into their system in the first place? After all, Iran’s nuclear program was air-gapped (not connected to the internet). So how did malware get on a system if there was no network connected to it?
User error.
USB drives were dropped into the Iranian parking lot surrounding the nuclear facility. Users would have had to pick one up, take it inside, pass security check points, and plug it into their work computers.
Now, you may think to yourself, “what idiot is dumb enough to do that?” My answer would be: it takes a very special type of tinfoil paranoia and extreme distrust to be immune to trickery.
But it still begs the question, how could this have been prevented? (Hint: it’s in the section title).

DNS Filtering
People like to click things. Things they shouldn’t. This is why phishing emails are so successful. People are click happy. So how do we protect against happy-clickers? DNS Filtering.

SIEM/SOAR
The tool of all tools. The SIEM gathers logs from everywhere and generates alerts for analysts to investigate. You can extend the functionality with SOAR but automating investigations.

Identity Access Management
With users now working remotely and using their own devices, how do we ensure that only legitimate users gain access to the correct resources?

Volunteering
Need experience to get a job? Need a job to get experience? Need experience to get a…well shit. How do we hack the cycle?
You can find volunteering opportunities at your local non-profits (food bank, community centers, libraries) or you can ask to work on security projects at your current company (for those of you who are currently entry-level IT, this is the best way to get experience).
If you need IT experience, check out ITDRC where you can volunteer in person or remotely. https://www.itdrc.org/

Additional Resources
Certifications
Security Certification Roadmap https://pauljerimy.com/security-certification-roadmap/
CompTIA A+ https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a
CompTIA Network+ https://www.comptia.org/certifications/network
CompTIA Security+ https://www.comptia.org/certifications/security
BTL1 https://www.securityblue.team/why-btl1/
eJPT https://security.ine.com/certifications/ejpt-certification/
PNPT https://certifications.tcm-sec.com/pnpt/
Google IT Support https://www.coursera.org/professional-certificates/google-it-support
Google Cybersecurity https://www.coursera.org/google-certificates/cybersecurity-certificate?

CompTIA Training
Professor Messer https://www.youtube.com/@professormesser
Mike Meyers https://www.udemy.com/courses/search/?q=mike+meyers&src=sac&kw=mike+meyers
Jason Dion https://www.udemy.com/courses/search/?src=ukw&q=jason+dion

Books
Cybersecurity and Cyberwar https://www.amazon.com/dp/1515950247/
Dark Territory https://www.amazon.com/dp/B010MHABUY/
You’ll See This Message When It Is Too Late https://www.amazon.com/dp/0262038854/
Atomic Habits https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07RFSSYBH/
Speak to Win https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001LV3UTK/
The Compound Effect https://www.amazon.com/dp/0306924633/
Meaningful Small Talk https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07WTWBVK8/

Podcasts
Darknet Diaries https://darknetdiaries.com/
SimplyCyber https://www.youtube.com/@SimplyCyber
Other Podcasts https://www.sans.org/blog/cybersecurity-podcast-roundup/

Reddit
Mentorship Monday https://www.reddit.com/cybersecurity/

Freemium Training
TryHackMe https://tryhackme.com
HackTheBox – Labs https://app.hackthebox.com/
HackTheBox – Academy https://academy.hackthebox.com/
Blue Team Labs Online https://blueteamlabs.online/
Over The Wire https://overthewire.org/wargames/

Projects
So you want to be a SOC analyst https://blog.ecapuano.com/p/so-you-want-to-be-a-soc-analyst-intro
TCM Security https://academy.tcm-sec.com/courses/
TCM Malware Analysis https://academy.tcm-sec.com/courses/enrolled/1547503

Online Degrees https://www.wgu.edu/online-it-degrees/bachelors-programs.html

Bootcamps
Antisyphon https://www.antisyphontraining.com/course-catalog/
Josh Madakor https://joshmadakor.tech/cybe

YouTubers
John Hammond https://www.youtube.com/@_JohnHammond
The Cyber Mentor https://www.youtube.com/@TCMSecurityAcademy
David Bombal https://www.youtube.com/@davidbombal
Kyle Marvin (shameless plug) https://www.youtube.com/@kyle.marvin

Volunteering
ITDRC https://www.itdrc.org/volunteer

CTFs
HackTheBox – CTFs https://ctf.hackthebox.com/
PicoCTF https://www.picoctf.org/
CTF Time https://ctftime.org/event/list/upcoming

Conferences
DEF CON https://defcon.org/
Black Hat https://www.blackhat.com/us-24/
Wild West Hackin’ Fest https://wildwesthackinfest.com/
I created this post and YouTube channel because I see the same questions in Mentorship Monday every week. I hope to update this resource and keep it as a go-to guide for new folks looking to break into the industry. Please ask questions, recommend content to add/remove, and help make this post awesome. I appreciate y'all!

I personally think he would have been an okay light