TL/DR; I got into some legal trouble, part of the fallout was my abusive ex calling the city and reporting that my animals were neglected and they couldn’t prove it in court but I pled to a lesser charge to be done with it. Since then, they have been itching to find me in violation of my probation and ultimately got me for having one more dog than the city allows. I have had four dogs as long as I’ve lived here and I now have to go to court and explain why I was violating my probation. The initial charges were issued based off a picture submitted by someone who didn’t have authorization to be on my property and the second time evidence was obtained after the officer climbed up on my fence and looked into my yard, without a warrant or my permission and then he threatened to seize my animals if I didn’t comply with his demands.
I went to jail on NYE and was in there for three days (weekend/holiday) for a petty crime. My 4 dogs and 2 others that I was watching for a friend were at my house. My best friend cared for them (very well might I add) while I was in jail. Animal control was contacted by my ex claiming the dogs were left alone, mistreated, and that I was boarding animals at my home. I returned home from jail and animal control was waiting for me at my house. He’s new, still has the creases in his uniform, stands about two feet shorter than me and takes his job very seriously. You know the type. Regardless of Paul Blart’s larger than life personality, I remained professional throughout all of our interactions. He wrote me a citation for animal cruelty for leaving my dogs regardless of the fact they were cared for, unauthorized use of a residence (because I accepted money from my friends to watch their dogs), not picking poop within 48 hours, hard to do when in jail, and number of dogs on premises (the city allows 3 dogs max, I have lived here for 8 years unaware of this and I moved here with the same 4 dogs I have now and that’s not changing). Prosecutor in my tiny town of like 30,000 people recommended 11 days of jail (no, I’m not joking). I pled to number of dogs on premise and the boarding charge in exchange for 1 year unsupervised probation as the judge didn’t exactly see eye to eye with the prosecutor. To my knowledge, animal control has been aware that I’ve had four dogs and I have certainly not given them any reason to believe I have less than four dogs. That I can assert without a shred of doubt.
A month after we reached an agreement, I received a letter in the mail from the same officer, stating that on 4/8 they received a complaint that my dogs were barking in excess. He edited the standard message to include that this would be my only warning and that the next one would be a summons, which would violate my probation. He made note of the complaint which was received via our cities “app” where anyone can report anything and they may do so without any ounce of personal information tied to it. What struck me as odd was that the “complaint” came in on 4/8, however the letter and the report were filed on 4/7. What’s even stranger, is that I was camping 3 hours away with all four of my dogs for a week and didn’t return home until 4/11. I can’t help but to feel like that was anything other than a targeted attempt to punish me.
A week after that, animal control is in my alley looking over my fence into my yard. Harassing my dogs who were now barking aggressively (as they have every right to do might I add, I don’t care if the FBI or the Pope are peering over my fence, unless you have my permission to do so my dogs can do whatever the hell they want). A few minutes later there’s a knock at my door, he tells me that I’m in violation of the ordinance regarding the number of animals I have on premise. I told him that * ”I do not wish to speak to you anymore because every time I have been honest with you— I have only ever been honest with him— it was under the pretense that you were “concerned” with my animals and you used that concern against me” * His supervisor, who is a literal Paul Blart on steroids told me that I would either do whatever the officer said or they would “seize whichever dogs they wished to at their discretion and I could go to court to get them back but that likely wouldn’t end in my favor”— that’s a direct quote. He then asked me to bring my dogs out one at a time for him to “inspect”, all of whom were healthy and in great shape as they’ve always been (which we both agreed on). He then issued me a summons. A day later I received a letter in the mail from the court stating I was in violation of my probation and that I needed to appear at a different date to explain to the judge why I was violating my probation.
Can animal control look over my fence? Am I not to expect a certain level of privacy in my own home? What if I had been back there sunbathing in the nude and does it make a difference if I was or not?
They didn’t have a warrant but they threatened to take my dogs away if I didn’t comply. That just feels fucked up to me, pardon my French.
What’s my angle in court? I cannot afford an attorney and the public defender they appointed me last time is a sleaze so that’s a no go.

Long story short, I went to jail on NYE and was in there for three days (weekend/holiday) for a petty crime. My 4 dogs and 2 others that I was watching for a friend were at my house. My best friend cared for them (very well might I add) while I was in jail. Animal control was contacted by my ex claiming the dogs were left alone, mistreated, and that I was boarding animals at my home. I returned home from jail and animal control was waiting for me at my house. He’s new, still has the creases in his uniform, stands about two feet shorter than me and takes his job very seriously. You know the type. Regardless of Paul Blart’s larger than life personality, I remained professional throughout all of our interactions. He wrote me a citation for animal cruelty for leaving my dogs regardless of the fact they were cared for, unauthorized use of a residence (because I accepted money from my friends to watch their dogs), not picking poop within 48 hours, hard to do when in jail, and number of dogs on premises (the city allows 3 dogs max, I have lived here for 8 years unaware of this and I moved here with the same 4 dogs I have now and that’s not changing). Prosecutor in my tiny town of like 30,000 people recommended 11 days of jail (no, I’m not joking). I pled to number of dogs on premise and the boarding charge in exchange for 1 year unsupervised probation as the judge didn’t exactly see eye to eye with the prosecutor. To my knowledge, animal control has been aware that I’ve had four dogs and I have certainly not given them any reason to believe I have less than four dogs. That I can assert without a shred of doubt.
A month after we reached an agreement, I received a letter in the mail from the same officer, stating that on 4/8 they received a complaint that my dogs were barking in excess. He edited the standard message to include that this would be my only warning and that the next one would be a summons, which would violate my probation. He made note of the complaint which was received via our cities “app” where anyone can report anything and they may do so without any ounce of personal information tied to it. What struck me as odd was that the “complaint” came in on 4/8, however the letter and the report were filed on 4/7. What’s even stranger, is that I was camping 3 hours away with all four of my dogs for a week and didn’t return home until 4/11. I can’t help but to feel like that was anything other than a targeted attempt to punish me.
A week after that, animal control is in my alley looking over my fence into my yard. Harassing my dogs who were now barking aggressively (as they have every right to do might I add, I don’t care if the FBI or the Pope are peering over my fence, unless you have my permission to do so my dogs can do whatever the hell they want). A few minutes later there’s a knock at my door, he tells me that I’m in violation of the ordinance regarding the number of animals I have on premise. I told him that * ”I do not wish to speak to you anymore because every time I have been honest with you— I have only ever been honest with him— it was under the pretense that you were “concerned” with my animals and you used that concern against me” * His supervisor, who is a literal Paul Blart on steroids told me that I would either do whatever the officer said or they would “seize whichever dogs they wished to at their discretion and I could go to court to get them back but that likely wouldn’t end in my favor”— that’s a direct quote. He then asked me to bring my dogs out one at a time for him to “inspect”, all of whom were healthy and in great shape as they’ve always been (which we both agreed on). He then issued me a summons. A day later I received a letter in the mail from the court stating I was in violation of my probation and that I needed to appear at a different date to explain to the judge why I was violating my probation.
Can animal control look over my fence? Am I not to expect a certain level of privacy in my own home? What if I had been back there sunbathing in the nude and does it make a difference if I was or not?
They didn’t have a warrant but they threatened to take my dogs away if I didn’t comply. That just feels fucked up to me, pardon my French.
What’s my angle in court? I cannot afford an attorney and the public defender they appointed me last time is a sleaze so that’s a no go.

A thread for new collectors to ask basic questions of the community.
Frequently Asked Questions below!
A longer version of the subreddit rules is here.
For questions specifically concerning bootlegs or vendor legitimacy, please ask in the Bootleg Megathread.
NSFW & Spoiler Guidelines

• For Self Posts: include a bolded NSFW note next to links in that post.
• For Links to sites/images: If the figure is NSFW, or the website has any NSFW content (including ads) be sure to tag your post NSFW and use the appropriate link flair.

Bootlegs
Any collection posts containing bootlegs, comments advocating buying bootlegs, or links to sites selling bootlegs, recasts, or unlicensed merchandise will be removed.
People often ask about the legitimacy and/or safety of a number of websites which sell large resin statues. The more commonly-asked of those deal primarily in resins from studios which do not have a license from the Japanese IP holders to produce merchandise. Therefore links to those sites are not permitted here. Another sign is if MyFigureCollection doesn't list the either the statue, its manufacturer, or the shop it's being sold on.
MyFigureCollection
My Figure Collection is like MyAnimeList... but for figures! Their database includes thousands of items which been produced during the last couple of decades, along with reviews of shops and other helpful articles. One can also list their own collection and post gallery photos.
Shops

Retailers:
AmiAmi HobbySearch Mandarake (sells rare figures) Good Smile Company Online Shop (often has exclusives) Good Smile Company US shop Crunchyroll Store Hobby Link Japan (aka HLJ) Solaris Japan (MFC partner) BigBadToyStore (MFC partner, US retailer) Big in Japan (also has proxy service) Tokyo Otaku Mode FigureHaven Archonia (EU) Yorokonde (EU) Figuya (EU) Gamersheek (UK) Jungle
List of retailers on MFC
/AnimeFigures' List of Retailers
Community Guide to Shopping in Japan

Blogs/News:

Nekomagic (News/Previews) NyaaFigurines (Reviews/Releases) Kahotan's Blog (News/Reviews) Figma Blog (JP)

Buying & Shipping

1. What’s the best place to buy my anime figures from?
That’s going to depend a lot on what works for you, but most people around here buy them from Amiami, Big in Japan, Hobby Search, HobbyLink Japan, or Tokyo Otaku Mode. If none of those work for you for whatever reason, there’s a list of reputable retailers in the sidebar that you can check out at any time. Be extra careful when ordering figures from websites like Amazon or ebay, as there are a lot of bootlegs on those sites. Don’t be afraid to ask in our Bootleg Megathread if you’re unsure.
2. What differences are there between the shipping options I get from most Japanese shops?
Below is a rundown of the main shipping choices you’ll get at most retailers. Keep in mind that if an order is large enough you will be forced to use one of the more expensive options, as SAL shipments have lower size and weight restrictions.

• Unregistered SAL: Sometimes referred to as uSAL, is usually the cheapest method. It does not come with any tracking or insurance. Usually takes up 2-4 weeks for delivery.
• Registered SAL: Sometimes referred to as rSAL, is insured for the declared value up to 6,000 yen. It comes with a tracking number and usually takes 2-4 weeks for delivery.
• EMS: This method of shipping is much faster than either SAL options, usually arriving within a week of shipment. EMS shipments are insured for the declared value up to 2,000,000 yen.
• Airmail
• E-packet
• Surface: Shops don't offer this very often. It's an actual cargo ship and slow as a result.
  
• DHL: Becoming more available as an alternative to EMS on AmiAmi and other sites. Can be less expensive than EMS and of comparable speed, but may be more reliant on the specific geographical area being shipped to. The price is also determined by the size of the box. Offers their own tracking.
  

3. I placed two+ orders for figures at different times. Will my items be shipped together, or will I have to pay shipping twice?
Most shops will ask you to pay shipping on a per-order basis, but here are some that will allow combined shipping:

• Amiami: You can combine orders here, as long as the orders ship in the same month. It doesn’t matter if the item is new or preowned. Any preorders that are set for that month can also be combined with other orders for that month. However, be aware that if the preorder gets delayed, Amiami will remove that item from that month’s shipment and place it on a new order. To combine orders on Amiami, use the “Combine Orders” feature under “My Account”.
  
• Hobby Search: Hobby Search will let you combine orders that release in the same month, but you cannot combine in stock items with preorders. If you want to combine multiple preorders, or multiple in stock items, you can do so using the “Order Recombination” feature on your account page.
  
• HobbyLink Japan: At HLJ, you have the option to send paid orders to their “Private Warehouse”, where you can store them for up to 2 months. When you’re ready to ship the items, you simply select which items to ship and HLJ will combine them into one shipment for you. To use this, just select the “Private Warehouse” option as shipping when you order.
  

If you’re unsure about whether or not a shop we haven’t listed will combine your orders, please refer to their individual FAQs.
4. When will I get charged for my preorder?
Most Japanese shops charge you once the item is in stock and ready for shipment. When that happens, they will send you an email asking for payment. Some shops (mostly overseas ones), will allow you to pay for the item up front though, if you’d like. A few with that option are:

• Big in Japan (Japanese store)
• Tokyo Otaku Mode
• Anime Island
• Crunchyroll

Keep in mind that overseas stores will likely get the figure a few months after Japanese ones, so pay attention to the release date stated on the website you are buying from so as to avoid that confusion.
5. Should I expect to pay customs fees when importing figures?
That depends on where you live. Here’s a quick rundown:

• Australia: 10% GST is now assessed up front.
• Canada: Minimum declared value for charges is around CAD$20 for regular shipments, and CAD$60 for gifts (gifting something only seems to lower the declared value by about CAD$40, not deplete it completely). When using Amiami, try their Small Air Packet option. It comes with tracking, gets there in about the same time as EMS, and is better at avoiding customs.
• European Union: As of 1st July 2021, VAT has to be paid on all goods imported from outside of the EU. Retailers are supposed charge VAT for purchases under €150, however many Japanese retailers currently do not, so VAT will be charged when your order arrives in the EU. Orders that are >€150, VAT and duty will be charged by your local customs.
• UK: As of 1st January 2021, VAT is to be charged by retailers for orders <£135. However, customs isn't currently charging VAT on parcels valued at <£135, even if the VAT hasn't been paid. Goods >£135 will have their VAT and duty calculated and charged by customs.
• Mexico: Minimum declared value for customs fees is USD$300 for shipments by post, and USD$50 for shipments by courier.
• United States: A shipment has to have a declared value of USD$2,000 before customs starts hitting you with fees, so you most likely won’t have to worry about them at all.

6. The figure I want is an exclusive, how do I go about ordering one outside of Japan?
You have three options for this:
A. Big in Japan is known to stock exclusive figures and ship to other countries. Usually the price is higher because they build in their proxy fees, but it’s easier than worrying about using a forwarder or proxy service. If you live in the US, Crunchyroll, Right Stuf, and Tokyo Otaku Mode also get exclusives sometimes, but out of the states the shipping can get expensive.
B. Forwarding Services: A forwarder is someone who you ship an exclusive item to so that they can forward the package on to you, usually for a flat fee + shipping. When using a forwarder you still make the purchase yourself, and enter their address into the shipping field. When the box arrives at the forwarder they will then stick your address onto the package and send it on its way.
Some popular forwarders are:

• Big in Japan
• Tenso

Be sure to read each sites instructions on forwarding carefully!
C. Proxy Services: With a proxy, you tell them what the item you’re looking for is and they will purchase it in your stead. This is handy for when a company doesn’t accept foreign credit cards, or you’re having trouble navigating a Japanese website.
Some popular proxies are:

• Big in Japan (Won’t proxy for Yahoo Auctions)
• From Japan

Again, be sure you thoroughly read through each sites proxy instructions.
7. I see a bunch of really cheap figures that ship from China on ebay. Are those okay to buy?
Generally, no. They’re most likely bootlegs. If you want a second opinion on that, feel free to ask in the Bootleg Megathread that’s always stickied at the top of the sub.
8. What’s a bootleg, and how can I avoid buying them?
A bootleg is a counterfeit figure often made using rejected molds of the official product. They are usually priced significantly lower than the genuine article, and in order to make their profit, bootleggers use lower quality materials and have less attention to detail- resulting in a substandard figure.
The Bootleg Megathread that I mentioned in question 7 is a great tool to avoid buying any bootlegs. It has a few tips and tricks to avoiding them to begin with, and a few more on how to spot them if you’re worried you might already own one.
9. Does anyone know when figure X is going to be released? How do I know if it was delayed?
My Figure Collection (sometimes referred to as MFC) does an excellent job of staying on top of information like release dates and delays. If you’re curious about an upcoming figures release date, check there first. This information can be found directly under the “Releases” section on a figure’s entry. If you only see a month and a year in that section, it means the release date has not yet been announced by the manufacturer, and there is still a chance the figure could be delayed.
If you make an account on MFC you can also subscribe to comments, changes, and pictures via a checkbox on the right hand side of a figure’s listing. Subscribing to any of these things will allow MFC to send you an email anytime the subscription in question updates. Subscribing to “changes” is a great way to keep up with release dates and delays, among other things.
10. The figure I want is long sold out at normal retailers! What’s the best place to pick it up in the aftermarket?
A list of reputable retailers can be found under the “Shops” section of the /AnimeFigures sidebar. They all sell legitimate products, and many of them also sell figures second hand. However, the most frequently suggested second hand sites are Mandarake and Amiami- who has a preowned section that they update every night save Sundays and Japanese holidays around 1PM JST and again around 6PM JST.
AmiAmi grades their pre-owned items on a letter scale. The general consensus from buyers is that their ratings are conservative, so unless the item and/or packaging is specifically indicated as having significant flaws, pre-owned items from them are usually in at least as good a condition as their rating suggests.
Note: When you search Mandarake, you’ll get the best results by using the Japanese characters for whatever you are searching. If you don’t know them, you can find them on MFC by clicking on any of the “details” in that figure’s listing.
11. Amiami has a figure I’m interested in labeled as “For sale in Japan only”. Does this mean I can’t order it without a proxy or forwarder?
No, you can still order it. Amiami’s English site has that warning on many items, and it’s mostly meant to inform you that this product was made for a Japanese market, and as such, will have Japanese speaking/writing in it- so don’t expect any instructions to be in English. If Amiami doesn’t want foreigners buying a certain product, they won’t even list it on their English site.

Displaying Your Figures

12. What display cases do you recommend?
If you live near an Ikea try out one of these:

• Klingsbo
• Billy (Often used with Morliden doors (now the HÖGBO and glass shelves.)
• Detolf: Formerly the go-to choice for inexpensive display cabinetry, the Detolf was first made flimsier around 2020 and then essentially phased out of the name, to become the BLÅLIDEN. Knockoff versions of widely-varying quality are commonly found on other shopping sites these days, though.

*If you decided on a Detolf, you might find that there is a lot of wasted space. Here are a few tutorials on raising the shelves or and adding extra ones in.

• Using metal clips
• Using acrylic supports and PVC pipe

If you don’t live near an Ikea, Amazon has a few display options, though they are more expensive. Also keep an eye on your local Craigslist (or your country’s equivalent) and stores near you that are closing up.
13. What lighting do you guys recommend?
Ikea’s Dioder LED strips were discontinued after a long run. A current version is the Vattensten, if you're inclined to buy your case and lights at the same time.
LED strips have become very commonly available in recent years; most hardware and home furnishing stores carry a selection now. Just make sure that the lights don’t get too hot!
14. What are those clear plastic boxes that I see under everyone’s figures in their collection posts, and where can I get them?
Those are called risers. Most of us use standard acrylic risers like these. Some other, easy to find things that have been suggested are:

• Plastic picture cubes
• Card Deck Boxes
• If you’re feeling adventurous, try making your own!

Check your local hobby store for the first 2 options, or your local hardware store if you want to make your own.
Another common suggestion is to visit The Container Store if you have one near you. They have a lot of things to choose from that can suit a variety of needs. Be sure to check out their standard acrylic risers, their Amac boxes, and the various display cases they sell (baseball cases, mini car cases. hockey puck cases, etc).
15. Should I keep my figures sealed?
That is, of course, up to you really, but here are a few things to keep in mind when debating this question:

• Keeping it sealed can actually damage your figure. PVC figures usually have something called plasticizer in them, and that plasticizer needs to be able to breath. If a PVC figure isn’t exposed to oxygen, after a period of time the plasticizer starts to break down and form a sticky substance on the surface of the figure. Simply opening your figures and taking them out of the box prevents this from happening. If you happen to find plasticizer goo on one of your figures, Kahotan has a handy guide for dealing with it.
• Unlike some other figure markets, keeping an anime figure sealed won’t raise its value by a whole lot. In fact, because of the plasticizer problem mentioned above, your figure could actually be in better condition if you open it versus keeping it sealed.

Finding the Right Figure(s) for You

16. What are "scales" and "prizes"? What is the difference between them?
Those are classifications for figures based on a few factors.

• "Prizes" are generally more simply produced figures which are intended to be given as prizes for playing arcade games. They are inexpensive and lack the detail of scale figures, though some prize figure lines have standouts which may approach lower-end scales in quality. That is uncommon and often depends on the individual figure.
• "Scales" are called such because they are nominally designed to be proportional to the dimensions of the character which they are based on. They are generally of much better manufacture and materials than prize figures, allowing for more detail in painting, accessories, or complex poses.
• "Trading" figures appear in gashapon machines or as blind boxes on shop counters, often as sets which include multiple characters. As suggested by the class name, the randomness encourages trading. They are usually very inexpensively-produced, though as with prizes, some series are better than others.
• "Non-scale" encompasses a variety of other categories. It is often used to describe poseable figure lines such as figma and Nendoroids.

In recent years producers such as Good Smile Company attempted to further bridge the gap between prize quality and scales by introducing figure lines which are intended to be moderately-priced while retaining a higher level of detail than the typical prize figure, to varying levels of success.
17. There are so many figure companies! Who makes good figures?!
Obviously this is a very subjective question, but as a general starting point, here are a few well renowned figure companies:

• Alter
• Max Factory
• Good Smile Company
• Kotobukiya (usually hit or miss for people. Use your best judgement based off of the prototype)
• Flare
• Stronger

18. I really love “series X / character X”- how can I check if any figures were ever made for it?
My Figure Collection can be your best friend here. Simply do a search on the name of the series or character using the search bar located at the top right of the screen, and all associated figures pop up!
Alternatively, if you’re looking at a figure’s MFC entry, most of the text under the “Details” section can be clicked on and used to run a search.
19. How can I commission a custom figure?
None of the major figure companies (Alter, Kotobukiya, Good Smile Company, etc.) will take a commission for a single figure. This thread has a few websites in it that you can check out, or you can look into garage kits. Some kit painters would be willing to resculpt, frankenstein together, or otherwise modify kits for the right price.
If you're looking for help completing a garage kit, /brushforhire may be useful.

Keeping Up with New Announcements

20. How can I keep up with figure news (announcements, updates, etc.)?
Most people use a MFC combined with any or all of the following news sites:

• Neko Magic
• Alter’s Blog (In Japanese)
• Kahotan’s Blog (Only GSC and their sister companies)

Many figure companies are active on Twitter, so following them there is recommended for quicker news.
To use MFC for this I’ll quote question #9.

If you make an account on MFC you can also subscribe to comments, changes, and pictures via a checkbox on the right hand side of a figure’s listing. Subscribing to any of these things will allow MFC to send you an email anytime the subscription in question updates. Subscribing to “changes” is a great way to keep up with release dates and delays, among other things.

Most companies have one or more Twitter accounts. Some examples: Good Smile Company sales, Good Smile's USA branch, Max Factory, AmiAmi Hobby News.
21. Everyone’s excited about something called Wonfes….. what the heck is that?!
WonFes (short for Wonder Festival) is a biannual figure expo where many figure producers (both large and small) show off new sculpts and updates to figures already under way. Most companies save their most exciting announcements for WonFes, so we all look forward to the expo whenever it rolls around! Winter Wonder Festival is usually held in February, while Summer Wonder Festival is usually in July. The event has also spread to Shanghai, in the late spring.
22. One or two (or 15) figures were announced at WonFes that I’m really excited about! How can I keep track of their progress once the event is over?
MFC is always really quick about getting new WonFes announcements (or any others throughout the year, for that matter) listed in their database, so we suggest using that. To find a figure from the event you can search any number of things, including the name of the character or the name of the show. You can also use the tag search to search “WonderFestival 20xx_[season]” to see all items announced at that event.

So I have a cracked molar and medicaid will only cover extraction when it becomes dangerously infected. That means I need to pay out of pocket for a crown. Worst case scenario I would need a root canal then a crown. Love Dental quoted $2700 for a crown, I'm sure they aren't the cheapest. Wondering if anyone w/o insurance has done this lately and has some affordable recommendations. Canada? Seattle? Dental College somewhere?
PS - I'm looking into Delta Dental, crunched the numbers and it seems like it wouldn't save me a lot due to annual contract and for most of the plans I have to be on it a year and then year two i can get the work done, so that means paying $1400 in premiums before being able to use it.
Thanks!

Hello All.
So my story starts from when my wife's '17 Forester was starting to reach 60K miles and needed to do the big 60k maintenance service. We have taken this car into the dealer for it's services since we bought it. The price vs convenience was not bad and they gave us several free oil changes throughout the years so we kept going back. So, back to the 60K maintenance service. The service was quoted to us for $1200. I could see that I could do most of it myself. We just got new tires 2 months ago so that part of checking the tires and rotating them was out. I did the oil/filter, cabin air filter, engine air filter, spark plugs, and checked all the fluids and refilled as needed. Granted I didn't replace the brake fluids but it still looked ok to me. the big things such as the front and rear differential oil change, i haven't done it yet since I've never done it for a Subaru. Reading up on it, not any different from other diff oil changes, which I've done before. CVT fluid replacement, well, everyone says to leave this to Subaru, so I will leave it to them.
been busy so i haven't had a chance to take the car in to do the "leave it to Subaru" parts. I just received a letter from the dealer service dept to give them a call "regarding the continuation of protection for [my] Subaru that [I] serviced with [them]." So based on the in-service date of my vehicle and mileage, which i think is pretty low for a '17 (60K so far) they recommend me to give them a call and obtain a Vehicle Service Contract to protect against financial cost of mechanical and electrical repairs.
I feel like we don't need this as we do maintenance on it on a regular basis and for my car, which we bought new as well (same dealer) they never reached out to give me this 'offer'. my car is even lower mileage for it's year. '12 mazda3 with 72k miles. no issues.
Anyone know what this is about? done this?

I swear to God I'm going to pull my hair out
Overall/Science GPA: 3.15/ 2.97
Masters Overall/science GPA: 3.6/3.6
Last quarter of overall/science GPA: 3.51/3.51
Last half of overall/science GPA: 3.35/3.23
Bio-Chem-Physics GPA: 3.10
DAT score (include AA and all sections): All 20s
State of Residence: Michigan
Undergrad Attended: Detroit Mercy
Major: Bio
Minority? ORM mixed/ NO
Reapplicant? 4th time
Masters attended: Oakland University
Masters of arts in bio
Dental Experience: 100 hours between two dentists, 250 between 3 different NPOs as volunteer dental assistant. (350 hours total)
Volunteering Experience: Roughly 120 hours volunteering in a NPO and a local church for food drives.
Employment: Worked at golf course for 1000+ hours, worked as a park rangeguard for ~300 hours, starting new job as a specimen processor.
Research: None
Other Extracurriculars: none
Have you volunteered/shadowed/attended events at any dental schools? Interviewed at Midwestern-ill
LOR type and strength: Strong grad letter, moderate dental letter, strong undergrad letter, an old committee letter
Personal statement has been considered strong.
Criticisms:
Colorado: needed more dental experience, quoted 350 hours. Everything else was liked.
Status- Acquired, obtaining more
Nevada: Need more recent dental experience, less than a year old. Everything else was liked.
Status- Already accomplished, they just misread my app, obtaining more experience
Detroit: Grades suck, masters is questionable due to being 2 classes a semester not 3.
Status- yep. Dunno how to respond other than saying the school recommended 2 classes at a time.
School list:
Midwest-ill (interviewed last cycle)
New england (3rd time)
AT Ari
AT Miss (2nd)
Lincoln
Nova SE (2nd)
Roseman (2nd)
Touro (2nd)
Colorado (2nd)
Detroit (3rd time applying)
Louisville (3rd time applying)
Edit: link to my vent months ago. Some of this stuff I was able to incorporate into my PS without sounding pitiful. https://www.reddit.com/predental/s/mD7VcCmV5h

Just spent eight days in Costa Rica. Learned a lot from this subreddit, so hoping this trip report helps anyone with future travel plans.
 
Airport

• We flew into Liberia.
• Customs (crowded, but quick) and bags were easy.
• Duty Free store prices seemed reasonable for a Westerner.

 
Car Rental

• I don't think there are any on-site car rental agencies.
• We rented through Hertz. Online quote was $297.55. Online said $18/day third-party liability, in-store they said $25/day. Also, everything is subject to another 13% tax. And another $18 for roadside assistance. Total was close to $600.
• None of this is delivered in any formal manner. The new quote amount is written on a business card and shown to you at the counter.
• We were able to waive the CDW by getting a Letter of Eligibility from eClaimsLine (I used a Chase Sapphire Reserve)
• They are very thorough with documenting the condition of the car. If you damage anything, they'll definitely notice.
• Probably the worst renting experience I've encountered. And we had a best case scenario (no problems) and knew to expect the TPL/CDW waivers/etc.
• Only drove from Papagayo to Rio Celeste to La Fortuna, then back to Papagayo. Roads and other drivers were great. Only one small stretch of road/dirt where I was glad we rented an SUV. A sedan got stuck on that stretch on our drive back.

 
Lodging

• Andaz Papagayo - Exactly what you expect. Reminded me of a more lush Park Hyatt St. Kitts. Easy to stay on property. Very sterile. People exaggerate how busy the carts are on the walking paths - it's like every other resort with carts. Probably not worth cash rate and maybe not even points. Food was fine. If you're Globalist, do all your breakfast at Ostra. All service staff (servers, bartenders, drivers) was excellent.

   

• Tabacon - I think the rooms were nicer and liked walking the property more than the Andaz. On-site pool kind of disappointing. The thermal pools are down the street and open to the public. The first night we went it was a little too party/clubby than we expected. Bartenders were great.

 
Attractions

• Mega Combo Zip Line Tour and Volcano Hot Spring at Rincon de la Vieja. Price included round-trip transit from Papagayo. The ziplines were cool. We were ahead of a large group, so we got through all ziplines pretty quickly (which was fine). The waterslide was really good. I could have skipped the horseback riding, lunch, and the volcano hot spring.

   

• Rio Celeste - Easily the highlight of the trip. Walk the whole thing if you can. If you're late for your time, they'll let you in with the next group. They won't let you in early. We were able to park and swim just up the road from the park entrance.

   

• Arenal 1968 Volcano View - It's a fine hike. I think they said the full loop is around 3 hours and I think we did it in close to 90 minutes. The viewpoint is whatever and early into the hike. If you don't want to hike, you can just go to the cafe which is the last stop of the hike.

   

• SkyAdventures Ziplines & Hanging Bridges at Arenal Park was good. I think a more polished zipline experience than the one we did at Rincon de la Vieja, but a lot more waiting around between the ziplines because of the big groups. The hanging bridges walk was good, but they give you 2.5 hours to finish it (and a zipline ticket for that time). We did it in less than 90 minutes and they wouldn't let us zipline until our ticket time. I don't know how this compares to the Mistico Park Hanging Bridges, but I think I'd rather have just done ziplining here and the bridges at Mistico Park.

 
Food

• Mostly ate at the resorts. Probably not helpful for those not staying at the Andaz or Tabacon, so I'll post those in the Hyatt subreddit.
  
• La Ventanita in El Castillo (next to SkyAdventures) - Went here because sand-in-my-toes71 said they're the "Best burritos I’ve ever eaten". Apparently the owner is from California, which makes sense why you're getting Mission burritos in Costa Rica. Very good food for Costa Rica and great views.
  
• Blue River Brewery in Bijagua de Upala (next to Rio Celeste) - Went here because I wanted a beer after Rio Celeste. Food is fine, beer is good. The trees across the way have toucans. We saw a bunch. The lady who worked there told us that one of the best places to see sloths is at the Finca Verde Lodge (we didn't go, so unconfirmed).
  

From the 50 research papers I received at the end of the semester, I would say about 1/5 contain plagiarism. Some are worse than others. Even some of my best students just couldn't help but copy and paste items material from the internet into their papers. They don't know how to put things in their own words. They're too proud or too lazy to put it in quotes and cite it.
Guys, it's killing me. Students I trusted. Some of them I wrote letters of recommendation for already earlier this semester. (Mistake #451: don't write a letter of recommendation for a student in your class. See if they can get through the semester without plagiarizing.)
It's hard not to take it personally. They're trying to pull one over on me. I know I shouldn't let it get to me, but it's hard not to.

Link to AO3
chapters 1&2
chapter 3
chapter 4
chapter 5
chapter 6
chapter 7
chapter 8
chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
The Academy looked normal enough from the distance but blew Gentry’s mind when she finally entered it. First of all, the way in lay through a massive winter garden full of the most luxurious botanical collection she’s ever seen. Not only that, but it seemed to be arranged in a way that offered spaces for hanging out as well as paths in and out. Here and there, G noticed little nooks with people’s voices coming from them and small murmuring streams gleamed in the sun that blazed through the transparent walls and roof. This place looked magical and invited to stay, enjoy the refreshing coolness and peace of mind. But Gentry had a good enough rest in her communal room the night before and was eager to start working on her first assignment that the System had spat out with a congratulating letter. Figuring out the controls of her new wristcomm was simple enough.
DEAR GENTRY!
WE ARE DELIGHTED TO INFORM YOU THAT YOU ARE THE FIRST CONTESTANT TO CLEAR ALL CHALLENGES AND OBTAIN THE STATUS OF AN ASHTAPADAN NEWCOMER! YOUR MEDICAL DATA HAS BEEN ANALYSED AND FOUND ACCEPTABLE.
IN THE ATTACHMENT TO THIS LETTER YOU WILL FIND A LIST OF RULES, RECOMMENDATIONS AND IDEAS THAT WILL DEFINITELY HELP YOU IN THE FIRST WEEKS IN OUR BEAUTIFUL CITY BUT WE STRONGLY RECOMMEND FINDING A BUDDY THAT WOULD BE YOUR MAIN GUIDE AND POTENTIALLY A NEW GREAT FRIEND! IT CAN BE ANY CITIZEN OR A MORE EXPERIENCED NEWCOMER.
YOUR CURRENT POINTS: 0
WHY NOT START EARNING SOME WITH YOUR FIRST ASSIGNMENT?
START ANY BEGINNER COURSE AT THE ACADEMY AND KEEP YOUR ATTENDANCE RATE OVER 80% — WORTH 50 POINTS
(OPTIONAL) FIND SOMEBODY WHO IS WILLING TO BECOME YOUR BUDDY — WORTH 20 POINTS
Without stopping to check if the vending machines offered anything good, G made her way through the dreamy garden and entered the inner yard that looked just like everything here: nothing too eye-catching at first glance but secrets hidden everywhere.
One thing she had already noticed was that most of the people had another piece of technology on their bodies besides the comm on their wrists: a sort of extendable visor that some of them kept engaged at all times. Those who were focused on the screen had a comical look on their faces, a thousand-mile stare, eyes wide even as they were talking to each other or going about their business. It was unclear yet why they would engage the screen for so long though. No one needed this much time to read a notification or check a map.
Take a group of young students by the fountain, for example. They seemed deep in conversation with each other yet their pupils didn’t focus on the person in front, but on the translucent screen over the top part of their faces. Was it some kind of virtual reality helmet?
If so, G needed one, too.
Perhaps she’d be able to make new friends this way.
There was something else that caught Gentry’s eye. Despite her initial disappointment about the severe lack of male hotness in the streets, people of both sexes seemed to really care about their appearance. Even those who probably weren’t naturally stunning were very interesting to look at not least because of the crazy fashion sense everyone here had. Never before had G seen so much variety in what everyone wore: countless variations on different national garments, some looking very traditional, like something one could see in a theatre, some — futuristic uniforms straight out of a sci-fi movie. It didn’t seem like anyone was concerned with gender norms here, too. At least in when it came to the outfits.
G hoped she didn’t look like a creepy stalker when her gaze lingered on a pair of very nicely shaped legs stretching from underneath a plaid skirt that belonged to a young man in the group sat by the edge of the water. A pair of snow-white knee-highs, flat loafers and neat raven hair with some blue streaks completed the image. His clothes fit him very well and weren’t inappropriate in the least: something an old money university student would wear.
A female student that is.
And he wasn’t alone. Here and there, among more conventionally dressed people, there were people wearing all sorts of things: a crazy mix of goth-like apparel but barefoot, men and women with heads covered with scarves, people in strange jewelery that looked like it weighed a ton and so on. Most importantly, no one seemed to care what the others looked like.
Was it paradise? Looks like the demo didn’t lie: it was heaven on earth.
The young man in the middle of the student gaggle caught her staring after all. With a dazzling smile, he waved in her direction as if they were great friends, and G waved back, face heating, hoping there wasn’t anyone behind her this tease was actually waving at. Thank god his shoes weren’t heeled, otherwise she would definitely have a heart attack right here, in the middle of the common area, on her first day.
Did he notice her ogling his legs? Judging by the giggles of his friend's entourage, they all did. The young flirt covered his mouth, eyes wide in mock indignation and pulled his knees in, as if hiding them from the improper attention, getting even more laughter from the rest of the company. G averted her eyes and tried to calm her breathing as she was on her way through the yard again, but before they all disappeared from her field of view, she noticed the coquette stretch his legs again and fall back on a friend of his, embracing the lucky man’s neck in an affectionate gesture, already forgetting G existed.
There was no way she wasn’t going to make some pretty boy do the same for her. Forget the assignment, put that in the list of her top priorities!
At first, Gentry was lost when she failed to find any kind of class schedule and there was no one to ask at the reception desk.
Why have a reception desk if nobody’s on duty?
Soon, however, it occurred to her that there was no schedule: each room within the wide marble corridors had a small display with a handwritten message scribbled on it.
Bachata for beginners
Product engineering (Tuesday class cancelled)
Colloidal chemistry (revision today)
None of these were the Communications course that Jey was talking about, but the variety definitely made G’s eyebrows go up.
Was she just supposed to barge into any class and sign up? Did she have to sign up later if she liked the subject? Was it ok to choose any?
After some wandering around, too scared to just walk in uninvited or ask others for directions, she finally stumbled across the door saying:
Communication & decision making course (Newcomers welcome)
With the desks arranged in a horseshoe and the people of various ages that were also apparently Newcomers, it all seemed comfortably casual. Everyone was chatting as she walked in, paying G no mind so she busied herself with the wristcomm that dinged at exactly the right time to save her the embarrassment of looking for a desk.
Would you like to enroll in this course? Scroll down to read the description.
Was this damn thing a spying device? Did it just know which room she was in? Jey didn’t joke when she said the little thing was going to be her primary aid!
“Are you looking for somewhere to sit?” called a young red-haired woman at one of the paired desks. “Here, this one is free.” She had the auglasses on, like everyone else, but they were off, showing her lively face and a pair of sharp green eyes.
“Thanks,” G said, gratefully taking the offer. “I’m new here, don’t know how things work yet.”
“It’s alright, the course is very engaging, you’ll love it.” — the woman held out a hand — “I’m Sereen, what’s your name?”
G shook the warm palm. “It’s Gentry. And by new I mean I’m new to Ashtapada, not just the course. Literally arrived yesterday.”
“Really?” — S looked surprised — “Everything must be very confusing!”
“You have no idea,” G smiled. “I’m glad someone understands. Everyone’s friendly but acts as if giant mechanical dogs in the streets and a moss garden in the lobby are the most normal things ever.”
“Don’t worry, I was just like you when I first arrived, you’ll get the hang of it soon.”
“Hope so! Is that the lecturer?”
“Shhh...”
Just like everything else in Ashtapada, the lecture started out normal enough only to unfold into something completely alien to how things were normally done.
Apparently, the Communications course involved learning rationality, debating, logic, etiquette and god knew what else. It was supposed to give the future citizens tools to, well, communicate. G was given a booklet with some ground rules for beginners that included entries that sounded like something Sun Tzu would say if he studied debating instead of warcraft.
“The purpose of any argument is not to win it and not to change the other disputant’s mind. It’s to find the truth.”
“Always argue in good faith.”
“Don’t attack your opponent.”
“If attacked, dismiss the attack as if it didn’t happen.”
Well, hopefully, it only meant verbal attacks! G knew too well that when it came to physical violence, it was hard to ignore it.
Most of the rules looked straightforward enough, some were confusing.
“Seek challenge to your convictions. Avoid echo chambers.”
“Don’t seek being right.”
“Be mindful of your audience including yourself.”
“Avoid “Empty arguments” that don’t bring everyone closer to the goal of finding the truth.”
The lecturer, a willowy man of about sixty that drowned in his tweed jacket, started the class with a bit of small talk with the regulars after distributing the booklets to all first-timers. He made sure to give it to G face down so that his photo under the “About the author” title didn’t go unnoticed. He also made most of the “talk” part himself.
“I never took part in a debate,” G told Sereen, who was patiently waiting for the class to begin. “And never seen anything like these rules. Is it actually useful?”
“Oh, believe me, professor Poe will be ecstatic to talk to you about them. He can’t not start discussing his subject at the slightest provocation. Look.” — she raised her hand — “Professor, how was your weekend?”
The man wearily smiled. “That might seem like a meaningless question, Sereen, but it’s actually very much related to the topic we are going to cover today.”
“See?” — S raised her eyebrows with a suppressed smile. G giggled. This promised to be interesting.
“Our friend Sereen is a very polite person, isn’t she?” — Poe smiled at the class but his eyes glided over everyone’s faces, gaze turned inwards like he was reading an invisible text written on the walls. “But as kind as she is, I don’t think she’s actually interested in how my weekend went. Small talk is just a social custom we engage in to strengthen our social relations. Why don’t we just start a day by saying “Hi! I value our relationship and would like to fulfill my societal role!” to everyone we know? I would definitely prefer THAT over the small talk! He-he!”
The audience laughed politely. The guy seemed alright.
“However, just as we use different tools to fulfill this role in different contexts, so can the context of a logical problem steer our thinking towards a rational, that is, right, and an irrational, that is, wrong, answer.”
“Well, that’s not a given,” Gentry mumbled under her breath but it went unnoticed by S, who was already immersed in the lecture.
“Consider the famous René Descartes’s quote "Cogito, ergo sum". Who can translate it from Latin?” — the board behind the thin, almost transparent man glowed, displaying the words.
“Is it really a Beginner’s course?” G asked Sereen in a low voice but her companion was already raising her hand, together with a dozen other students.
“I think, therefore I am,” she said after a curt nod of the lecturer’s permission.
“Very good,” he continued, pleased. “I taught you well. Those of you who attend my lectures regularly are familiar with the notion of solipsism, which states that the only thing we can be sure about is our own thoughts.”
Gentry looked at S with raised eyebrows.
If this is an introductory course, what was the advanced like?
Sereen didn’t seem to perplexed. She was fully following the thread.
“However,” professor Poe said. “I am going to challenge that notion by demonstrating that we can’t trust our own mind when it comes to perceiving reality.”
He looked at the audience with a quizzical eye, and pointed at Gentry with a long bony finger “You, new girl. I want you to close your eyes.”
Why her?
Gentry was only happy to hide behind her eyelids. No doubt the whole room was now staring at her.
Through the blood rushing in her ears, she heard the old man’s voice, “Who was sitting beside you before you closed your eyes?”
“My new friend Sereen,” G answered and heard a little gasp of appreciation from the woman.
“So you know she existed as long as you two were whispering behind my back. However, now that you can’t see or hear her. How do you know she exists?”
“Well, I can reach with my hand and touch her,” Gentry said, demonstrating.
“Yes, this is what most people answer,” Poe said. “You can open your eyes now. But let me ask you this: how would you know it was her, an not some other person that took her place?”
Gentry’s intuition was right: everyone was staring, as if waiting for her answer.
“Well, I suppose— ”
“Hush, it was a rhetorical question,” the professor cut her off. “The correct answer is that you can’t know that. We think we can trust our senses or at least our thoughts, but this is also false. Everyone, look out of the window.”
Everyone did.
The day was as fine as Gentry was annoyed.
What did this pops think of himself?
“I’d ask what you see, but I already know the answer,” he went on. “All of you would say “the sky”. And all of you would be wrong, because sky doesn’t exist. We only see the endless emptiness of the outer space, but perceive it as a blue dome. It’s an illusion, a phantom, born out of our collective unconscious.”
Sereen whispered, lost in the lecture, “Ah, yes, Carl Jung.”
What?
Was it supposed to be obvious?
“But listen to this,” he continued, voice booming like a demiurge’s in the completely silent room. “Listen to this. How many words is it? Listentothis. Our common sense says it’s three words while in reality it’s just a string of sounds I an producing with my mouth. I am literally making you hallucinate the spaces between the words I’m saying. With knowing that our perception is so flawed, how can we know that we even know how to think?”
“I’m sorry, professor, I disagr...” G started but got struck down by his serrated gaze.
“I’ll invite questions at the end, young miss,” he chopped out.
Sereen’s eyes were sympathetic. It looked like most if not all of professor Poe’s students had learned not to interrupt him.
He went on, “Anyway, the fact that you even understand what I am saying is in itself incredible and shouldn’t be possible.”
“But it IS possible, right?” G whispered to Sereen. “I mean, aren’t we understanding this as he speaks?”
“PLEASE refrain from talking unless asked!” professor Poe roared.
Impressive lung capacity for such a frail human being!
G begrudgingly did as she was told. The guy seemed to be enjoying this power trip a bit too much to her taste.
“Now, since most of you,” he put some emphasis on the word to shut up another pair of whispering students. “Most of you think you comprehend my words, you must know that there is a way to tell that something is real, even though we can’t rely on our senses for perception. I’m giving you a minute to discuss with your partners what it might be.”
G considered it. She and Sereen exchanged equally confused glances.
Like a dutiful student, S started summarising Poe’s arguments but Gentry listened with only half an ear. She felt that behind all this over-thinking was a clear and simple answer.
She watched the professor walk along the aisles, tuning into one or another conversation before leaving each with a smug head shake of disapproval.
What was there to think about? Even if they didn’t see the world precisely as it was, something was definitely real, right? The chair she felt under her buttocks, the air around, the low murmur of the students. The annoying professor that… looked a little too translucent.
Gentry waited for the man to approach their desks and tune into Sereen’s musings. As he came so near they could reach out and touch him, Gentry did just that.
To her utter shock, her hand went through the old jacket and sent a wave of static over the professor’s figure, his whole form glitching and flickering.
Professor Poe was a hologram!
Unable to help herself, Gentry said, “No wonder you don’t think anything is real, Professor, you are hardly real yourself!”
The whole roomful of people stared, transfixed, at the surreal scene of a student’s arm disappearing into the teacher’s abdomen.
Gentry looked back at Sereen in search of support.
Was it laughter in her eyes?
Poe’s blood drained from his face, the mouth slacked open, twitching as if trying to form some words, but none came out.
Sereen chimed in, “You never told us you were a simulation, Professor.”
“Out!” Poe gritted lowly so that no one really heard him.
“I’m sorry?” G asked, innocently.
“Out of my class!” he exploded, jumping out of Gentry’s reach with an enraged grimace. “I am as real as you are!”
G stood up and looked at her hand then back at Professor Poe.
How much rage could storm in those watery eyes?
Then, she winked at her new friend.
“Let’s go then, shall we?” she said.
Sereen looked lost for a second, her eyes darting pack and forth between Gentry and Poe. Then, her gaze seemed to cloud a little, as if she retreated into her own head, but when she resurfaced, she nodded with a mischievous smile.
Both young women left the room, the classmates’ sympathetic silence and Poe’s angry seething seeing them off.
***
“What a way to start my first day,” Gentry said. “My hands are still trembling a bit.”
She and S were calming their nerves in the green winter garden, the soothing sound of the little running streamlet at their feet a welcome distraction.
“Believe it or not, his course is actually quite useful,” Sereen laughed. “Who would have thought the old Poe is actually not human? I guess we never thought of poking him in the stomach before. This is going to be the talk of the Academy for the next month or so!”
“Is it? I feel bad now. I guess I’m not getting any points for attending this lecture, right?” — Gentry checked her wristcomm — “It says “zero progress” and something else… ad.. Honi… adhonim…”
Sereen laughed, “Yeah, you adhominem’ed good old Poe, no wonder you got zero credit!”
“What does it mean?”
“You’ve seen the rules of learning and discourse, right?” S said. “There are no-nos, things that aren’t allowed, especially when it comes to Rationality classes and the like. Ad Hominem means an attack on the speaker, not their argument. It isn’t exactly what you did, but I guess it’s the closest thing!”
“Ad Hominem, huh,” G said. “Well, I guess I deserve it then. Thanks for standing by me.”
If it wasn’t for Sereen, G wasn’t sure she would be going to return to the Academy any time soon!
“You just chose a wrong course as your first class, G,” — no doubt about that! — “But another lecturer who works here is much more open-minded and he also teaches Rationality. I think you’ll enjoy him more than our old Poe. His next class is in a couple of days. Wanna come?”
***
DEAR GENTRY!
CONGRATULATIONS ON COMPLETING AN OPTIONAL ASSIGNMENT! 20 POINTS HAVE BEEN ADDED TO YOUR STATUS COUNTER.

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Hi all. I would like to recommend the most interesting work by Ernst Axel Knauf. I will quote the most interesting quotes (from my point of view) here. But I still advise you to read the entire article, as it is written in a very accessible and understandable language.
author's profile at the academy: https://unibe-ch.academia.edu/ErnstAxelKnauf?swp=tc-au-28366493
read the article: https://archive.org/details/arabo-aramaic-and-arabiyya-from-ancient-arabic-to-early-standard-arabic-200-ce-600-ce
"Nabatean Arabic became some sort of standard Arabic as early as the second century bce, but it was a spoken, not a written language, and it was, in the beginning, of no interest to anyone outside the relatively small circle of Arabian international traders and shippers. It became a written language between the third and fourth century ce in post-Nabatean texts.96 500 years of Old Arabic–Ancient Arabic coexistence and/or diglossia can now be considered."
"The Nabatean script is a cursive script. It was developed for writing on “paper” or its ancient equivalents. It reflects the needs of a society of traders who had to keep accounts and set up contracts. Only secondarily, with the onset of conspicuous architectural consumption at the end of the first century bce, their utilitarian cursive script was put to lapidary, epigraphic use. Unfortunately for the perception of Nabatean society through modern eyes, it is their “luxury” (and basically non-essential) written record which dominates the data base, whereas the main output of Nabatean scribal activities, the papyri, have only survived in meager installations, like the Nabatean papyri from the Babatha archive.106"
"With the imperial crisis of the second half of the third century, Greek lost its splendor in the East: the Parthians' Sasanid successors wrote Middle Persian (and Aramaic, for that was the language of their economical powerhouse, the Iraq); Arabs ( if not Christianized) turned away from both Greek and Aramaic."
"Aramaic, no longer in use for written business transactions among the Arabs themselves, remained present in pre-Islamic Arabia from the fourth through the sixth/seventh centuries through the Jewish and Christian communities which felt no urge to translate their scriptures into Arabic; a fact which one day early in the seventh century ce would instigate a failed merchant from Mecca to give his fellow Arabs a “liturgy” or “recitation” (in Arabic: qurʾān) in plain Arabic, obviously being of the opinion that the other monotheistic religions had failed, or neglected, to do so."
"From time to time the assumption resurfaces that the Arabic script did not develop from Nabatean Aramaic but from Syriac. It can be traced back to early Muslim scholarship,128 but it has no other argument in its favor than the relationship of the written word to the line: while Nabatean is sublinear (the letters are hanging from the line), Syriac and Arabic are supralinear (the letters are standing on the line). This feature can be explained by the easier assumption that Nabatean writing (the origin of all individual letters) was influenced by a Syriac adstrate in Arabian scribal practice during the fourth and fifth centuries ce. (Hoyland, “Language and Identity,” 196, with n. 50.)"
"Cursive writing with diacritical points indicates that throughout the fourth through sixth centuries ce Arabian merchants continued to trade merchandise and to keep records of their business in the Early Standard Arabic which they had inherited from the Nabateans.144"
"The cultic origins of Poetic Old Arabic with its archaic and, in prose and everyday speech quite superfluous case-endings are, especially since the discovery of Avdat 1, no longer questionable. On the other hand, Luxenberg has reopened the question of how pagan (instead of non-standard Christian) pre-Islamic Arabic really was.151"...
I’ll stop at the most interesting point, the article is very informative, be sure to read the footnotes and bibliography. Good luck.

Good morning.
TL;DR: I paid a contractor £1982.25 to handle property maintenance and gardening work on a rental property. The contractor repeatedly assured me that the work was complete or nearly complete, but property inspections and subsequent photo evidence contradicted these claims. Despite multiple excuses from the contractor, ranging from personal injuries to subcontractor issues, the work was never completed. After attempting various methods of communication without success, the contractor has become unresponsive. He has not finished the work, yet still holds my money, and I am now considering my options for recourse.
I have used a guy ("L") to do some garden works. Recommended by a work colleague he was personable and punctual when I used him for some gardening work when I had COVID. Since he told me that he did property maintenance and gardening and I was pleased with his work thus far, I booked him to do some work on my old house which I now rent out in Surrey; repainting some old water damage after a repair and replace an old brown wooden back door showing signs of wear and rot for a new uPVC one. He said yes and needed money for the work as the door was a large lump of the cost. As it was March 2023 I gladly paid him the whole sum (£1982.25) and on the 26th July he said that all the works had been done and just needed to finish the door but was having access issues with tenent but due to complete the works on the Saturday. All good. I asked him about the £300 of gardening, he said he would come over in August. Fine.
L then said that he was having mechanical issues with his van and could not attend the gardening. Me, being understanding, said get the van fixed and let's sort another date when he's back on the road. The property inspection report done by the estate agent came through on 23rd August and my wife noticed that in the photos the back door had not been completed. In fact, there was no evidence of any of the work having been done. I was suspicious that the works had not in fact been done.
I asked my property management company and they suggested that it was unlikely to show his work in the photos, since the inspection happened in June/early July time because the works were done after the date of the property report. It was possible, they suggested, that the report was sent was after the works had been completed but the inspection was done before that was why the photos didn't match what I was being told. Probably.
The property management company / estate agent I pay for my fully managed property confirmed this might have been the case but I was still suspicious myself and unsure. I attempted to reach out to him using WhatsApp on the 22nd January, our usual line of communication, but no response.
I learnt on 4th February from the cleaner at work who knows him and recommended him in the first place that he had been caught cheating on his girlfriend on Christmas day and was attacked by her with a broken bottle and now has an arm injury preventing him from working again. It was all in the news. There is an article in the newspaper about the event. She also told me that he had a new phone number which she gave me. She also told me that he had also been drinking heavily since his mother had been diagnosed with cancer last year and she was worried the he had turned into "a bit of a deadbeat". I was concerned so messaged him on both numbers I now had.
He responded on the same day on the new number only, saying that he had been embarrassed to tell me that he had not completed.
He said he was sorry and could we book in the work to get done. I replied that, as long as the work gets done on my rented house which is my main concern (as someone else is living there and paying for the house to be kept in good order), we can then talk about the £300 of gardening afterwards but I also asked for photos of the work when it was finally completed.
On 5th February we agreed for him to complete the work on the 14th February.
My cleaner friend, now mortified with him too, called him and he assured her that all the work had been done. I messaged him the following week to say I was thrilled and asked for the photos. Of course I trusted but wanted to verify for myself.
I asked for the photos on the 19th February of the works that had taken place; he replied that he had gotten sepsis and had been in hospital and just got home and he had just called "the guy" he sent out to do the works and he had not done it and he was "fuming". That he had "seized trading" [sic] but wanted to make sure "this was all sorted" and "all I can do is apologise" and hope that I would understand and had booked in Saturday to give him recovery time, and then told me Tuesday, which then became the following Saturday.
He assured me that "his guy" was now rebooked the Sunday 25th February 12pm and he would personally make sure it was done. I said this would have to be the last time as I need the work done and he had now had enough time and chances and was not telling me every time he had failed to get the work done. I asked for the photos on the 26th. He replied that the guy he sent to do the works didn't show up and "he was fuming" and was going to personally oversee that the work was done. He was now appearing to me to be simply more than just unlucky. He assured me that the Sunday he would get the work done. This would be 4th March.
I chased for photos 4th March. No response. I chased on 6th March via WhatsApp. No response. The next property inspection report was sent to me on the 8th March it is clear that there has been no works done in the photos and I had reason to believe that he has not completed any of the work and still has my money. In fact, I suspect that he has no intention of doing the work at all and simply keeping the money.
On the 14th March I asked for his contact details to write to him formally within 7 days. No response.
On March 20th I looked up his email which had the original quote on it and wrote him a letter and sent that, with his original quote asking for my money back plus 8% per annum calculated to 29th March 2024 for £2140.83 for additional inconvenience and expenses I have incurred in chasing for my money back for a year now. I also sent a hard copy of the letter to his address by recorded post (which got signed for) asking for the same and needed a response by 2nd April.
No response.
I don't know what to do now. I hear from my cleaner friend that he's moved house and ghosted everyone. I checked his invoice, he is not a LTD. He's in the wind. He's not responding to letters or emails or WhatsApps and he has around £2000 of my money and simply kept it.
I've tried renegotiating the works multiple times over the last year, I've tried contacting him and now he's just stopped replying. I think I've been reasonable and tried my hardest to make it work out and keep in touch but I just want my money back.
Have I lost my money or is there anything else I can do now? What are my next steps?

Hi it’s Carl Weinberg from District 20 on the Stamford Board of Representatives. Today I’ll provide updates on several subjects of interest to D-20 residents and others, along with an update on a personal matter.
Bridge Projects: The number one question that I get asked is: When will the Cedar Heights Bridge project be completed? Unfortunately the report is not good. The contractor ran into problems over the winter with redirecting the river’s unusually high water flow. (I’m speculating that it was due to the excessive rainfall we experienced all winter.) This delayed several activities including demolition. Water flow has receded sufficiently now, and the contractor has resumed the delayed activities. At this point, the contractor anticipates completing the project by November, and possibly opening the bridge to traffic somewhat earlier.
I understand how frustrated we all are with these continued project delays, and I wish I could share better news. I’m also frustrated that the public generally doesn’t find out about these delays unless and until we ask for an update. (The City’s website still forecasts June 30th as the expected completion date.) I don’t doubt that this has turned out to be an unusually complex project, and I understand that sometimes a project runs into unexpected challenges. Nevertheless the public should expect periodic progress updates on a project that affects so many people. I will be looking for a way to implement a system for providing those updates.
Because of the Cedar Heights delay, the Wire Mill bridge project won’t begin until next year, probably in April 2025. Current expectation is to complete it in six or seven months, i.e., by November 2025 assuming an April 1st start date.
The Lakeside Road bridge project, which began on April 1st, remains on schedule with an expected completion by the end of November 2024.
Traffic and Road Safety: One of the danger spots in District 20 is Riding Stable Trail, which also serves as the entrance to Dorothy Heroy Park. It’s an old country lane that gets a lot of traffic during baseball and summer camp seasons. At the request of residents and myself, the Traffic Department is moving the existing stop sign, adding a second stop sign, and painting new “stop” lines, all of which should help to deter speeders. The Operations Department is also working on securing the Park at night. I hope to have more to report on park security there in a few weeks.
Anyone who drives south on High Ridge Road during high-traffic periods will notice a backup at the High Ridge / Interlaken traffic light, due to vehicles waiting to turn left onto Interlaken. Interlaken is the detour route during the Lakeside Bridge project, which has exacerbated the problem. I discussed the situation with the City’s Director of Traffic, who is now working with CT DOT to adjust the traffic light so it’s easier for vehicles to make that left-hand turn. (CT DOT owns the traffic light, hence their involvement.) I’m hoping that we see positive results over the next few weeks from this adjustment.
The Traffic Department has been very responsive in working to solve these traffic and road safety issues – thank you!
800 Long Ridge Road Proposal: On May 9th I attended the Zoning Board’s site visit at 800 Long Ridge Road, where the property owner has applied for a Special Permit to build a 354-unit apartment complex. The Zoning Board began to hold a public hearing on this proposal at its May 6th meeting. Because of the lateness of the hour, the ZB suspended the public hearing and will now continue at its June 10th meeting. The agenda for that meeting will contain Zoom and sign-up information, but it hasn’t become available yet. Once it’s available, I’ll notify the public.
Scofieldtown Dog Park: The Parks & Recreation Commission continues to work with its consultant on the design of a prospective dog park in Scofieldtown Park. At its May 15th meeting, one of the Commissioners will provide an update on the “evaluation and design regarding the size of the dog park.” The 6:30 PM meeting will be held on Zoom, and here’s the Zoom information:
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/87689487270 Meeting ID: 876 8948 7270 Passcode: 122464
NSA Annual Meeting: The North Stamford Association will hold its Annual Meeting on Sunday May 19th at the Long Ridge Fire House, 366 Old Long Ridge Road. Lunch is at 12 Noon, and the meeting will begin at 1 PM. You must be a member to attend, and you must pre-register. (You can join or renew your membership at the event.) Here’s the link for registration and additional information:
https://www.northstamfordassoc.org/2024-annual-meeting/
And now for an update on a personal matter. After three previous cancellations, the BoR will hold its Special Meeting at 8:30 PM on Wednesday May 15th to consider a resolution to censure me for “conduct which impairs the ability of the members to perform the duties of his or her office or substantially impairs public confidence in the Stamford Board of Representatives.” The censure includes a “recommendation of Representative Carl Weinberg to complete sensitivity training.”
The precipitating event was my op-ed in the February 11th Stamford Advocate. In the article, I criticized the practice of double-dipping (defined as serving on both the BoR and the Democratic City Committee), quoted double-dippers’ previous comments criticizing the practice, and compared their adoption of double-dipping after previously attacking it to the behavior of characters (the “ruling pigs”) in Animal Farm, the classic novel by George Orwell. As a result, I am accused of calling other BoR members “pigs.”
The meeting will take place in person at the Government Center and on Zoom. Here is a link with the in-person and Zoom information.
http://www.boardofreps.org/Data/Sites/43/userfiles/agendas/2024/240515.pdf
If you want to review the legislative record, you can click on “Resolution” and then click on each component of the legislative record, including (among other items) the proposed resolution, the op-ed, and emails and letters on the subject from residents.

I know this has been restated a million times here, but I will be discussing slavery and how one cannot look at the Bible and say that it is a perfect judge for morality.
Roman slaves were chattel slaves
I've seen a common defense from apologists being something along the lines of, "But the slaves in the Bible were all indentured..."
This is a flat out lie.
In Paul's letters to Ephesians, he states, in Ephesians 6:5-9: ^{5 "}Slaves, obey your earthly masters with respect and fear, and with sincerity of heart, just as you would obey Christ. ⁶ Obey them not only to win their favor when their eye is on you, but as slaves of Christ, doing the will of God from your heart. ⁷ Serve wholeheartedly, as if you were serving the Lord, not people, ⁸ because you know that the Lord will reward each one for whatever good they do, whether they are slave or free.
⁹ And masters, treat your slaves in the same way. Do not threaten them, since you know that he who is both their Master and yours is in heaven, and there is no favoritism with him."
This is in reference to Roman slaves, which were chattel slaves.
The causes of slavery consisted of taking prisoners of war, birth into slavery (two biggest causes), debt (for non-citizens), punishment for crime, enslavers finding children abandoned by their parent, etc.
Below, you will see how Roman slaves were treated.
'Above all, however, slave bodies were tortured and physically abused, even unto death, with no consequences for masters. Plautus’ second century BCE plays regularly feature slaves terrified over an impending whipping, a trope that was meant to elicit laughs from the audience. Similarly disturbing insouciance about physical abuse is found in the epigrams of the first century CE poet Martial: “You think me cruel and too fond of my stomach, Rusticus, because I beat my [enslaved] cook on account of a dinner. If that seems to you a trivial reason for lashes, for what reason then do you want a cook to be flogged?”³⁸ And assaults were often much worse than a beating. The physician Galen speaks of his experience of masters, including his own mother, biting their slaves or gouging out their eye with a writing stylus.³⁹ Ultimately, the master could even kill his slaves with impunity. This he sometimes did by contract, especially through the brutal punishment of crucifixion. An inscription of Puteoli (modern Pozzuoli) lays out prices set by a company that specialized in torturing and crucifying slaves on contract, allowing the master to hire out this messy and physically demanding affair to specialized professionals.⁴⁰ Here again Constantine became uneasy with this level of violence and issued a law forbidding the deliberate killing of slaves in 319 CE, but in a subsequent law he granted tremendous leeway for masters who happened to kill a slave in the course of “corrective punishment.”'
'Even when slaves were not openly abused, they lived in constant fear of violence. They also lived in a world of “natal alienation,” which meant that they were permanent outsiders, excluded from civic or political rights and privileges, excluded from control over their own birth families and offspring, and excluded from final control over their very bodies and personhood. Their names could be assigned to them by a master and could be changed at any time, particularly when they were sold to a new master. Their children could be exposed or sold by their master at will. And they themselves could be liquidated for their cash value at any moment. We have evidence of this process from multiple sources which reveal enslaved persons intended for sale were usually stripped down to a loincloth, displayed on a raised platform (catasta), made to wear a garland if they were war captives and/or marked with chalk on their feet if they were imported from overseas, their “defects” (disabilities, diseases, habits) were publicly proclaimed on placards hung round their necks, and they were subject to humiliating physical inspections by potential buyers (Fig. 5.3).⁴² They were, in other words, treated in the manner of livestock at market, with all of the attendant dehumanization and degradation.'
https://link.springer.com/chapte10.1007/978-3-031-13260-5_5
In Exodus, it gives rules for what you can and cannot do with your slaves.
Exodus 21:20-21: ²⁰ “Anyone who beats their male or female slave with a rod must be punished if the slave dies as a direct result, ²¹ but they are not to be punished if the slave recovers after a day or two, since the slave is their property."
This could be applied to the Gentile chattel slaves in Leviticus 25:44-46: ⁴⁴ “‘Your male and female slaves are to come from the nations around you; from them you may buy slaves. ⁴⁵ You may also buy some of the temporary residents living among you and members of their clans born in your country, and they will become your property. ⁴⁶ You can bequeath them to your children as inherited property and can make them slaves for life, but you must not rule over your fellow Israelites ruthlessly."
However, this essentially means that the only rule for the owning of slaves would be that you may not kill them (at least in Exodus -- other rules for slave owners are communicated later in the Bible).
The Bible condoning slavery
The Bible mentioning slavery without condemnation (when the culture widely accepts it) is absolutely evidence that it supports it. Especially given the Bible's own ethical stance about not rebuking your neighbor for their sins being hating them in your heart (Leviticus 19:17).
Further, the New Testament welcomed slaveholders into the church and told them how to carry out their acts of enslavement in a Christlike manner: Ephesians 6:5-9. Paul was extremely clear about allowing people who habitually sinned into the church-fornicators, drunkards, covetous people, etc. Christians weren't even supposed to eat with those people: 1 Corinthians 5:9-12. Imagine if Paul welcomed adulterers into the church, didn't condemn their behavior and told them how to carry out their acts of adultery in a Godly manner? Or if he told Mafia style extortionists how to carry out their acts of extortion in a kind and Christlike manner? No, Paul and the Bible in general do not see owning chattel slaves (which is what Roman slaves were) as wrong. They see treating them badly as wrong, but they do not see owning them as sinful.
Regarding comparisons to slavery in the south, the Bible does not teach equality of social status and OT slavery was somewhat of an improvement over ANE slavery, but that doesn't prove God opposes slavery. The south improved their regulations on mistreating slaves over time, and some states had "better" laws than others. That does not mean those legislatures were composed of abolitionists. It just means they thought there should be some regulations on how brutally you can punish the most defenseless members of society -- just like in Exodus 21:20-21 and Exodus 21:26-27.
However, some will argue on the basis of the Torah. Mosaic law is considered a reliable guide to righteous conduct (Psalm 19:7-11, 2 Timothy 3:16). You can think that this is righteous conduct for the time -- but if chattel slavery was righteous conduct for the time, it cannot be inherently wrong. And the burden would be on you to explain to a southerner why whatever rationale you give for why chattel slavery was ok in the OT (and not to mention Roman chattel slavery in the NT) would not apply to southern slavery.
Also, again, the Bible goes out of its way to encourage masters to physically discipline their slaves in Proverbs 29:19. We know this is encouraging beating, because it denies that slaves can be disciplined by words, and we know from Exodus that beating is how slaves were disciplined. We also know that the Bible thinks that slaves tended to be considered to often be fools (Proverbs 11:29) and that beating is recommended as a way of dealing with fools (Proverbs 26:3, Proverbs 10:13, Proverbs 19:29). There is very little doubt that this is what the Bible is encouraging. We can compare this to the Roman Stoic philosopher Seneca who argued that masters should only discipline their slaves by lashing them with the tongue (Moral Letters to Lucilius 47:19). Proverbs 29:19 could have been written as a rebuke of what Seneca said. If God was just accommodating hardened hearts, why would he go out of his way to encourage this, when even a Roman philosopher thought slaves should not be treated the way the Bible advocates?
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Moral_letters_to_Lucilius/Letter_47
Women being seen as similar to slaves
"Wives and apprentices are slaves; not in theory only, but often in fact."
-George Fitzhugh, Sociology for the South (1854), Pg. 86.
"The husband has a legally recognized property in his wife's service, and may legally control, in some measure, her personal liberty. She is his property and his slave.
The wife also has a legally recognized property in the husband's services. He is her property, but not her slave."
-George Fitzhugh, Cannibals All!: Or Slaves Without Masters (1857), Page 341.
"But other consequences follow from the abolitionist dogmas. 'All involuntary restraint is a sin against natural rights,' therefore laws which give to husbands more power over the persons and property of wives, than to wives over husbands, are iniquitous, and should be abolished. The same decision must be made upon the exclusion of women, whether married or single, from suffrage, office, and the full franchises of men. There must be an end of the wife's obedience to her husband. Is it said that these subordinations are consistent, because women assent to them voluntarily, in consenting to become wives ? This plea is insufficient, because the female sex is impelled to marriage by irresistible laws of their nature and condition."
-Robert Dabney, A Defense of Virginia (1867), Pg. 265.
“The parent has the right to the service of his child; he has a property in the service of that child. A husband has a right of property in the service of his wife; he has the right to the management of his household affairs. The master has a right of property in the service of his apprentice. All these rights rest upon the same basis as a man's right of property in the service of slaves.”
-Rep. Chilton A. White, The Congressional Globe (1865), Part 1, Pg. 215.
https://books.google.com/books?id=Xrs-AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
Google Books
The Congressional Globe
Just as slaves were in some respects considered both property and people, the same is true of women -- in both the 1800's and in the Bible. Exodus 20:17 prohibits coveting your neighbors wife, but not your neighbor's husband for a reason. Because on some level, women were seen as property, even if they have some rights and weren't viewed as being in a completely shameful role.
Kidnapping
Kidnapping is going to be a key term. If you consider one nation/tribe going to war with another nation/tribe and taking men, women and children as slaves to be kidnapping, then Roman slavery was heavily based on kidnapping. If you don't, then a lot of the trans Atlantic Slave Trade victims wouldn't be kidnapped either, since that's how many of them were acquired.
"As a concomitant of the rise and fall of various African rulers and ruling parties, their political opponents, people of high social status, and their families were sold to promote internal political stability. Poor people were sold to reconcile debts owed by themselves or their families. Chiefs sold people as punishment for crimes. Gangs of Africans and a few marauding Europeans captured free Africans who were also sold into slavery. Domestic slaves were resold and prisoners of war were sold. However, Boahen, an African scholar, asserts, 'The greatest sources to supply slaves were raids conducted for the sole purpose of catching men for sale and above all, inter-tribal and inter-state wars which produced thousands of war captives, most of whom found their way to the New World (Boahen 1966:110).'" (See the section: "Who was enslaved and Why").
https://www.nps.gov/ethnography/aah/aaheritage/histcontextsc.htm
The article discussed the widespread societal harm to African societies. I do want to make that clear, it did not promote internal stability. I quoted that part solely for the sake of making the point about war. I see this as kidnapping.
Some other things:
Just in case you appeal to 1 Timothy 1:10 as a prohibition of slavery:
https://youtu.be/N7A-VSIt1jg?si=YUYuBEd6buta56Cn
And just in case you want to appeal to Deuteronomy 23:15-16 as a requirement to not return escaped slaves (TLDR: it only applies to foreign owned slaves who escaped to Israel -- according to most Christian commentators):
https://biblehub.com/commentaries/deuteronomy/23-15.htm

Also Happy Mother's day to anyone who identifies a mom! (US Holiday)
u/t3ctim - thank you for the postcard!
u/LateStartKSMama - thank you for the postcard!
u/LaCuntessa - thank you for the postcard and fun stickers!
u/Sufficient_Letter - thank you for the postcard and fun quotes!
u/CollenES - thank you for the cutest postcard!
u/Adoreible95 - thank you for the fun card! I love the stickers you used!
u/TyeDyeAmish - thank you for the Amish postcard!
u/PinkPenguin - thank you so much for the card! I miss my grandma and am also glad that she can be at peace.
u/ZKHG - thank you for the card! I laughed outloud reading about your luck with peperomia plants. Same with me! I've tried all varieties, they really don't like me for some reason. 😂
u/CSWL x2 - thank you for the fun cards! I like the question about charities. I agree with you that it would go a long way with a smaller one. Take care!
u/melhen16 x2 - thank you for the card and stickers! Glad to help you destash lol! Thank you for the postcard week card!
u/SNERDBOFF - thank you for the Obama postcard! I love this.
u/raspberrypoppyseed - thank you for the Coco postcard. It's one of my favorite Disney movies; highly recommend watching!
u/saucermagnolia - thank you for the super cute card! I love the stamps you used so much! Not sure I've seen them before.

The Short Version can be found here.

Part 1 can be found here.

Example 5 - There's more to a BBC YouTube title

Returning to this dastardly subreddit, for my next example, points 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 are relevant. OP provided a screenshot of a BBC YouTube title, stating: "Israeli hit squad dressed as doctors kill Palestinians in hospital." Per point 2, by failing to immediately link to the video, or immediately mention what the video contains, folk could come away with the conclusion that the BBC never reports that these were militants. In other words, some might believe that the misreporting here extends past the video title, when it does not, and this could be avoided by providing salient details sooner rather than later. This submission was made during the temporary ban, and I thought it was interesting enough as a case study to come back to.

Example 6 - Oxfam's full position

For this submission/meme, points 1, 2, and 6 are relevant. I saw that we weren’t going to get good-faith engagement with the entirety of Oxfam’s position here on why they initially opposed airdrops, and I attempted to outline the full extent of their views so that it can be critiqued appropriately. This meme is not too dissimilar from some Twitter leftist fixating on one short clip of Destiny during one of his heated gamer moments; his actual positions aren’t being engaged with, and it’s intellectually dull. There’s more to Destiny’s positions than a twenty-second clip; there’s more to Oxfam’s position than the one tweet. The fact of the matter is that there’s a long series of tweets here, and while the tweet OP chose to highlight is risible, is dumb, and is insufferable, we are more than capable on this subreddit in being more nuanced and fair when it comes to our criticism.
As I highlight, there were some concerns here that were not entirely unreasonable. At the time of my comment, there weren’t yet any reports on injuries due to airdrops. These reports appeared in the following days and weeks, where Gazans were killed when a parachute in an airdrop failed to deploy, and some drowned in their attempts to retrieve parcels that landed in the sea. Retrospectively, I wouldn't say that aid should not have been airdropped merely because it would result in these deaths, but a fair assessment of Oxfam here at the time should have taken these concerns into account.
Oxfam’s associate director also endorses a Twitter thread where some prescriptions are given on how ought this aid delivery be facilitated. He recommends that the Gaza port be reopened, and to open more crossings. The Biden administration recognized that airdrops would not sufficiently alleviate the problem of being unable to get sufficient quantities of aid distributed, and while the port was not reopened, Biden did announce that a temporary port would be built. Further, Israel approved the reopening of the Erez crossing.
The misinformation in OP’s post stems from the fact that folk will be disinterested in reading the twitter thread or any additional threads where they might have elaborated on views. Out of the thousands that interact with the post, a significant chunk will come away with the incorrect belief that Oxfam’s opposition to airdrops was merely due to what was stated in the meme. That is misinformation being propagated — not the most egregious, Hamas-esqe level of misinformation in the world, but misinformation nonetheless.

Example 7 - NYT: Bananas, or Cool as a Cucumber?

For our final example points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 are relevant; it’s the whole shebang. To give a quick recounting here, Hobbitfollower isn’t the only masochist that might, occasionally, choose to exclusively sort by new. When I saw the submission, I read the article, and I was a bit annoyed that the Jerusalem Post article doesn’t even link to the mission report that I was interested in reading. I searched for it, posted a link to the report in the very first comment of the thread as surely my fellow dggas would also like to read the report, and then I, well, read the report.
When I returned back to the thread, I quoted favourably from the mission report to support another individual's comment. (I would again quote from it in another thread the next day to highlight why Israel struggled to acquire forensic evidence.)
But as I scrolled down the thread I came across the subject of our example; 50 upvotes, no article linked, and clearly a charged comment. Consider the steps involved to truly engage with this comment; one would need to:

• Click and read the article.
• Search for the mission report.
• Read the mission report (as some folk probably won’t wanna read 20 pages right off the bat).
• Search for the NYT article; bypass the paywall (which is trivially easy nowadays but is still a barrier, and people are lazy); and read the article.

This is a very charged thread: there are going to be a large group of pro-Israel folk browsing this thread, frustrated and irate as bad memories are invoked of all the times they’ve had to deal with or seen pro-Hamas folk engaging in rape denialism. In much the same way a leftist sub is not going to be interested in a dispassionate analysis of an Israeli strike with high civilian collateral damage, this sub — at times — will struggle to calmly assess the subject matter. An expected behaviour isn’t necessarily the correct behaviour — the actions we believe one ought to take.
When a misleading tweet goes viral, the damage has already been done, as a considerable amount of people won’t see the subsequent Community Notes that might be slapped on it. Likewise, some of the thousands who see OP’s highly upvoted comment will think, “Oh, this has a lot of upvotes, I guess it must be true. How horrible of the NYT to frame this as a both sides issue”, and thus misinformation has spread. This incorrect belief will mold their perceptions of the NYT. When they encounter more reporting by the NYT on I-P in the future, they might even think back to this moment: “Ah, I remember when these bozos tried to say that the Israeli accusations were the same as the Palestinian accusations.”
I also referred to OP’s comment as disinformation. In every example discussed so far, I don't assume malicious intent. I just begin with the foundation that a mistake was made, and I don’t enmesh myself by throwing out accusations of lying. In this case, however, OP has indirectly acknowledged that I was correct, but they still haven’t bothered to edit their original comment. Once again, this comment is a really good example of point 1. I obviously also disagree with their conclusion, and the process by which they’re arriving at their conclusion is still very flawed — and other people are simply going to adopt their conclusion while not even attempting to reach there by their own independent assessment. If you see someone quote from an article, and they don’t even link it, and the comment is very charged, I would encourage y’all to seek out the article yourself; you may come away with a different interpretation.
I'm sure you've seen this meme before: "I'm just waiting for Destiny to comment on this so that I know what to think 😎." We meme about it, but there is, of course, an undercurrent of truth here, as we have confidence in Destiny's ability to research, and thus we feel comfortable adopting his beliefs and opinions. It's nice not having to do the research ourselves. Lazy fucks.
This applies to Reddit comments you see as well. Don't just adopt the conclusion of someone else because their beliefs align with yours and they're speaking with authority. Do the legwork yourself; be mindful of The Six Points; and you might find that someone on your own side is actually spreading misinformation, or is espousing an opinion that you disagree with.

Purgatory

I was perma-banned some time after my previous comment for a comment I made in a different thread. Before I get to that in the next fuck-me-who-knows-how-I'm-gonna-write-that-I'm-so-fucked section, I did want to bring up two final examples.

Example A - Haaretz and Amputations

For Example A, points 1, 3, 4, and 5 are relevant. Obviously, I can’t attempt point 6 because I was banned. Now, I actually agree with OP as I share their skepticism towards the notion that these amputations are “routine”, but referring to the article as a "fake story" is too strong, and, as always, their process here is flawed. The claims they make here about the Haaretz article and CNN article are misleading, but it is immediately upvoted because it feels right, particularly because the first reply just poisons the well. Haaretz did not speak to an anonymous person, they are reporting on a letter they have seen written by a doctor and sent to senior Israeli officials; the doctor did not justify the claim that the event is routine based on having seen only two amputations, that's merely the amputations they saw in the week they wrote the letter (but the phrasing here is ambiguous, as the doctor could be referring to the handcuff injuries as being the "routine" event); and the IDF did not confirm or deny all the claims, but gave a fairly standard, boilerplate response instead. The misleading claims in this comment was eventually addressed — and, as I’m sure you’re irritated by the repetition by now, the goal of this post is to turn this “eventually” into an “immediately.”

Example B - Wikipedia and Devious Editing

For Example B, points 1 and 5 are relevant. I want to be very careful with this one as I don't want to be misconstrued. Similar to the previous example, I mostly agree with their conclusion that these Wikipedia pages can be very flawed, and partisan editors can tarnish the objectivity that we wish could be maintained across all articles. However, you know the drill by now, point 1. There’s much to be said about the infamous “24-hour window” debacle, and I made a submission a while ago on this. I think there are parts of this story that both the pro-Palestine and pro-Israel crowd get wrong — but the latter is generally more correct, and I would agree with OP here that the information here is, at the very least, incomplete.
However, per point 5, the articles they are critiquing are not linked. How many people here actually sought out the two articles referenced here? As I’ve already demonstrated, we know how many misleading or false claims you can get away with before they’re finally addressed. A user in that thread made some edits to the contentious lines in question in the Wikipedia article. This was the Wikipedia article at the time OP’s comment was made. OP quotes this section:

Prior to the raids, Israel had called for the more than a million people living in the north half of the Gaza Strip to evacuate during a 24-hour window, while Hamas instructed those residents to stay put.

The two citations here are a Reuters article and a Politico article. The Politico article is arguably redundant, but it’s not being cited because it’s supposed to make a statement about a 24-hour window; it’s being cited to support the statement about Hamas:

Hamas is complicating the situation, urging residents to stay in their homes.

The Reuters article also mentions this:

“We tell the people of northern Gaza and from Gaza City, stay put in your homes, and your places," Eyad Al-Bozom, spokesman for the Hamas Interior Ministry, told a news conference.

Contrary to what OP said, both articles use the word “evacuation” at some point. The first part of the quote from the Wikipedia page is supported by this statement in the Reuters article:

On Friday Israel gave more than a million residents of the northern half of Gaza 24 hours to flee to the south to avoid an onslaught.

In a follow-up comment OP claims that the archived link, which pulled the earliest version of the Reuters article available, does not support the line. This seems to have been an error on the part of whoever chose this hyperlink. When the Wikipedia article first mentions calls for evacuation, this was how the Reuters article cited looked like at the time; regardless of the veracity of the claim, the article did support what the Wikipedia page mentions.
To reiterate, OP is completely correct about this pernicious problem with Wikipedia. It’s just that in this example, I don’t think it qualifies as a case of those darn pro-Palestine editors back at it again. The nuanced position here is pretty difficult to get to, and I don’t think the editors wrote this line in the interest of distorting the truth to serve their own side.

Example B.5: A better yet slightly flawed post on Wikipedia and Euro-Med Monitor

This post about how Hamas supporters are influencing Wikipedia does better in terms of substantiating their claims — but there are issues here that I would have loved to address, and there is a good critique on OP’s prescriptions that was buried at the bottom. Unfortunately, OP has been suspended from Reddit. If you’re reading this mate, call me 🥺.
There are a lot of hyperlinks in OP’s post (lol, sez fucking me), and it’s completely reasonable that someone won’t feel inclined to click every single one; that’s not an expectation I would ever demand. From going through the post, there are several small critiques I would have made (e.g., while I don’t believe the Mondo article should have been cited, OP claims that in the article, “The only people criticizing Wiesel here is the author of the opinion piece.” FWIW, the article does reference and cite a Haaretz article, and a Foreign policy article, both of which levy criticism against Wiesel), but I’m just going to focus on this line:

In fact, it is owned by a man named Ramy Abdu, who is a literal Hamas lobbyist.

If you’re going to call someone a literal Hamas lobbyist, that is definitely a link I’m clicking. What I know about Abdu is simply what I can assume about his beliefs from various tweets I’ve seen by him over the past several months; but I’ve never looked into their background other than being aware of their position at EMM. Upon opening the link I see… a 2013 article about Clare Short. From reading the article, it looks like OP missed some steps in outlining how they arrived at their conclusion, and I saw only a few people inquiring about this. To fill in the steps on what I presume OP wanted to say, from the article they linked:

Moshe Ya’alon, former IDF chief of staff, outlawed the Council for European Palestinian Relations (CEPR) – a Belgian non-profit organisation that lobbies on behalf of the Hamas-led Gaza Government – using emergency defence regulations.

I haven’t looked into CEPR, and they obviously disputed the lobbying charge; I’m just going to take the claim at face-value. In 2011, Abdu was assistant director of the CEPR, and still held a position there for several years. They've since left the organization, but per point 1, if this is how OP arrived at the conclusion that Abdu is a “literal Hamas lobbyist”, I think it could use a bit more work, with additional clarification on what they mean by lobbyist here. I’m sure they can do it, it just happened to not be in this post.
I'm not going to harp on about point 5 here as I only apply that to incidents where a claim is made; one or two articles are linked; and then no one reads them, assuming the claim must be true as long as articles are provided. I would literally never make the prescription that if someone writes an effort-post, we must click every hyperlink to fact-check. I mean, it's not like I would have any other motivation for saying that... sweats profusely 🙄
Just to make one final point on EMM, it is a rubbish outlet, and any time I encounter one of their articles, I roll my eyes knowing I’m going to get some outlandish claim where I can find fuck-all for corroboration from other outlets. However, sometimes there is corroboration, where EMM was the first to notice that the IDF labelled a bicycle as an RPG in the drone footage they published, and then the NYT confirmed the finding (except for the other stupid claim made in the tweet.) But anyways, these moments are astronomically rare.

Example C - A Mysterious Royal Website (What a weaselly little --)

Okay, I lied, one final example as it’s interesting to see how people here parse articles and headlines, but before I address the example, let me talk about Reuters headlines.

Reuters headlines

They’re not always consistent on this front, but I generally like how Reuters writes their headlines. A Reuters headline will often contain the phrase “US says”. [30] [31] [32] What I’m expecting in the article when I see a headline containing this phrase is some official representing the Biden administration outlining what their particular policy, position, belief, etc., is on whatever the subject matter may be, or some action they took which makes it clear what their position is. In the given examples, we have statements from Biden, Blinken, the US military, and so on. Sometimes the US officials remain anonymous, sharing information in private briefings.
If there isn’t an official statement by the US available on a matter, the headline might use the phrase “source says” to talk about ongoing developments. [33] [34] “Reuters will use unnamed sources where necessary when they provide information of market or public interest that is not available on the record. We alone are responsible for the accuracy of such information.” [35]
Relevant to Example C, Reuters uses the same guidelines for “Saudi Arabia says” [36] [37] and “sources say” for information relevant to Saudi Arabia. [38]

Israeli outlets, A royal family website, and Saudi sources: An amusing chain of events

Keeping the previous section in mind, when I came across this version of a Jerusalem Post article posted to this subreddit, you can imagine what I’m expecting here — particularly because this would be momentous news to see Saudi Arabia make a public statement that they helped defend Israel. Instead, we get reporting on what Saudi Arabia’s royal family said on their website, and what a source connected to the Saudi royal family told KAN, another Israeli outlet — and we don’t get links to either of them. If there was no statement on the royal family’s website, this would have been a bad headline to write based on what this source said. Unfortunately for the JP, there is no official website for Saudi Arabia’s royal family. You’ll see in the current version, they remove the reference to that website, and also add the following line:

The Al Arabiya news site said sources had informed it that Saudi Arabia had not participated in the interception of Iranian drones and missiles.

Here’s the article by the Saudi state-owned outlet, which is essentially their mouthpiece to deny the ongoing report. I24news, however, didn’t get the memo:

Saudi Arabia publicly acknowledges role in defending Israel against Iranian attack
While Jordan had openly disclosed its role in the defensive maneuver, Saudi Arabia's acknowledgment came in the form of a summary on its official website

When I first saw the JP submission on this subreddit, I bookmarked it for later to come back to and find the sources, as it’s not the first time I’ve seen dubious reporting from KAN news. I was also curious if anyone in the thread was going to highlight some of the discrepancies in the article, and, well, shoutout to this keen reader! Fact-checking the JP article slipped my mind, but thanks to a comment I saw on another subreddit, they correctly pointed out that the website referenced was not affiliated with the Saudi royal family, and thus the article the JP and other Israeli outlets had presumably read should not have been taken as an official statement. Christ, this is obvious from the very first line:

A source from the Saudi royal family, who prefers anonymity, converses with the Kan public broadcaster. The individual subtly acknowledges Saudi Arabia’s supposed involvement in thwarting Iranian attack drones bound for Israel the previous evening, citing that Saudi Arabian airspace automatically intercepts “any suspicious entity”.
The same figure takes a swing at Iran, accusing them of instigating a conflict in Gaza. This, they suggest, is a deliberate attempt to unravel the progress established towards normalizing relations with Israel, as per Kan’s report.
In the words of the official, as put forth by Kan, “Iran is a nation that endorses terrorism, and the world should have curtailed it much earlier.”

Why would the official Saudi royal website use an anonymous source within the royal family to make their public announcement, and why would they quote what the official said to an Israeli outlet?!
It’s fascinating to see this play out: the supposed source spoke to Kan News; Houseofsaud presumably sees this and makes an article on the Kan segment; the JP sees this article and the segment, poorly reads it, and then cites it and the original Kan segment; outlets like the Daily Wire pick up on the story from the JP; and then on it goes, spreading like wildefire, before the Saudis take note (“oh fuck, oh fuck, where are these reports coming from?”) and disseminate a message denying that any “official” website publicly confirmed their involvement. The Saudis are involved, and they’re keeping tight-lipped about the extent of their involvement.
Just to quote one more line from the i24news article because it’s shockingly poor:

The post subtly hinted at Saudi Arabia's involvement in intercepting suspicious entities in its airspace, highlighting the kingdom's proactive stance in safeguarding regional stability.

This is written based on this line from the HouseofSaud article:

A source from the Saudi royal family, who prefers anonymity, converses with the Kan public broadcaster. The individual subtly acknowledges Saudi Arabia’s supposed involvement in thwarting Iranian attack drones bound for Israel the previous evening, citing that Saudi Arabian airspace automatically intercepts “any suspicious entity”.

It’s the individual/source who is being subtle, not the post itself as i24 news mentions.
Anyways, this is not a case of misinformation by the subreddit. There's nothing wrong with posting a JP article, and this is easily the least offensive Example, but point 5 is nicely relevant here. I thought y'all might find this to be interesting, particularly because some people probably still believe that Saudi Arabia has publicly acknowledged their involvement, and maybe that could be someone reading this section. It's also another example where, because I’m banned, I can’t offer a bit of nuance. stares intently at 4THOT
It’s a shame Destiny didn’t finish reading the article, I’m curious what he would have said. He speculates that the report was from intelligence or monitoring, but moves on before finishing the article; it’s also the updated version of the article, without the tidbit about the Saudi royal family website.

Finito

I'm going to close out this section here. There's always more to include, more examples that demonstrate the aforementioned points, but I'd rather focus on my own comments instead of threads where I was unable to contribute my thoughts. There's been a plethora of discourse here surrounding the campus protests, and maybe those are still ongoing if I manage to post this at a sooner date. For completely legitimate and fair justifications, all of these threads are going to be very charged; and maybe upon reading this post some of y'all might feel more inclined to analyze these situations dispassionately, mindful of cases where the reporting might not be the greatest.

Example D - A Late Fact-check (Still lying, dude!)

I fucking lied again, there’s more. Literally the day after I finished writing the above paragraph, a new example popped up that I can’t resist the temptation to include. Stop giving me material! As I spoke of above, the campus protests have resulted in a charged atmosphere on the subreddit, which means that this post stating that a “Jewish-Israeli family’s restaurant was targeted in a hate crime” is immediately catapulted to the front page. The biggest problem here is that, per point 2, the presentation of the post led folk to believe that this was a recent event because OP had omitted the date this took place, and this led to one user to thoughtfully suggest that it might be worth setting up a GoFundMe to help the owners with the repairs.
To reemphasize the point I’ve made throughout this post, I’m looking to incentivise better behaviour to occur sooner. It took nearly 10 hours before one jolly chap came along to do the fact-check. Naturally, had I seen this post while browsing arnew, I would have done the same, and so would a couple other users here as well who are good for this sort of thing — and that's unfortunate that I’m saying a “couple” instead of “many.” There is no curiosity amongst everyone who interacted with this post to inquire into the event; not even something simple as requesting OP for an article. So folks, always ask for a source if OP doesn’t provide one just so you have a bit more context. (Also, I am fascinated with the anecdote OP attached to this post. Did they just make up their credentials?)

Example E - Hebrew Sources and False Confidence

This is a wonderful example to close out this section because it exemplifies so many of the problematic behaviours that I have demonstrated in this post. I was only made aware of this thread because a user here DM'd me a link to the thread. I will refer to the individual posting misinformation in the comments as "OP", and I'll refer to the submitter of the post by their username, Sylmd. The rebuttals to OP are excellent, and I will focus more on the behaviour here.
Sylmd posted a submission doing a quick lil' fact-check on a Destiny tweet, noting the fact that he seemed to have misread or misremembered a particular report. I say "seemed" here in case Destiny was referring to some other report or article he had read, but that seems unlikely as he has referenced this report in several of his debates, and the report was the subject of his previous tweets. Regardless, it was a small mistake, and apart from failing to immediately link the tweet and the report (link your sources you silly goose), Sylmd's post is civil, calm, and makes no accusations of malicious intent.
According to OP, Destiny was actually right, and 300+ IDF soldiers were in fact injured. Now, there's so much that is astonishingly problematic with OP's comment, and I gotta... mention it all! Sorry!
Naturally, they don't ever quote from their sources, which means it's on us to try and find the relevant sections. OP claims that the articles linked will demonstrate that 380 Israelis were injured -- despite the fact that Sylmd is obviously doing a fact-check on how many Israeli soldiers were injured, and that's literally the subject of Destiny's tweet.
Whatever, I'm sure the articles at least "discusses around 380 injuries"? Fuck no they don't! There's no mention of this figure anywhere, and OP somehow racks up 50 upvotes when they accuse Sylmd of lying after they correctly point this out. Did these people actually read the articles, find this magical 380 figure, and think, "Grrr, Sylmd you mendacious scumbag, I see through your Hamas propaganda." Sylmd was sitting at -31, one hour after the thread was made. (If you refer back to Example 2, you'll see that I felt compelled to make a submission when I saw a user was being downvoted for correctly pointing out that an article did not prove a particular claim.)
It gets worse. Apparently, you have to "click through all the links in these articles buddy." Well, okay, that's pretty elaborate, how silly of us not to realize this. OP wants us to open up nine Hebrew articles, translate them, and then tally up the number of casualties. Problem? Surely we get to the 380 figure if we click through all the hyperlinks in the article? Fuck no we don't! And even if we did, this is the most blisteringly cumbersome way to prove a claim. The sheer condescension in OP's comment is equivalent to that of a Twitter leftist: "It's not my job to educate you honey, you must read the literature."
So where does this mysterious figure come from? Well, as Sylmd correctly pointed out (before OP mentioned it), they are grabbing this figure from Hebrew Wikipedia. Sylmd doesn't provide a link to the article in question, so I will provide it here, and as you can see, the two articles that OP linked came from this Wikipedia page. I'm not convinced OP actually read either of these articles.
That's not all. They then linked a report in Hebrew in their edit. Where did they get this report from? It's not on the Wikipedia page, maybe this is something they have bookmarked? Nope, they got it from another user in the thread! After all is said and done, they still somehow racked up 270 upvotes for this awful rebuttal, and they were, "Proud to take a blast for defending the truth."
Do I even need to mention the points here? It's an authoritative comment; the linked articles give an "aura" of being correct; and there's confidence in all their comments.
To quote from Example 1:

Anyways, since I began this post it looks like the upvotes and downvotes on the original comment have since shifted. Mashallah. It's the behaviour I was describing before: all the low-effort garbage gets upvoted first, and then other people break the circlejerk and try to add nuance. But it would be nice if the nuance was added first and foremost without the need for tedious fact-checks.

That still holds true today.

Consistency and Principles

Do I only address misinformation from the pro-Israel side? Not that it should matter, but no, I will address misinformation from the pro-Palestine on this subreddit if I see it and I feel like addressing it. I was irritated to see muppets like Rob Rousseau spread conspiracies about a "suspicious link" between ISIS and Mossad, and I encountered a user here who was sprouting similar conspiratorial nonsense. You’ll notice that (1) I was blessed to be called a “Reddit pseudo intellectual libtard” (not wrong, not false, this hurts bro); and (2) I apply the exact same methodology here as I do for the examples of misinformation I've addressed elsewhere — which isn’t to say I’m doing anything commendable here. I just read the articles, trying to find the primary sources where relevant, and then see if the “reporting” accurately conveys what was said or written.
However, digging up the original source can be a time-consuming endeavour, and compounded by the fact that I might not speak the relevant language — which means that there was a case where I inadvertently made a comment containing misinformation. A couple months ago someone requested a steelman of the argument that Israel is conducting a genocide against Gazans; I offered one, and to support the case I used a misquote taken from a Bloomberg video which omitted a crucial part of Yoev Gallant’s statement: the reference to Hamas, and thus radically changing the context of the statement. I hold myself to the same principle when it comes to curbing misinformation, and I was more than content to edit my comment to ensure it did not propagate further than it already had.
Some of you eagle-eyed readers might recognize this Gallant quote, as it made a very marked appearance within… South Africa's genocide case against Israel. Here, that salient reference to Hamas is also omitted, and the accompanying footnote cites the same Bloomberg video that I did. As I wished in another reply, Bloomberg did indeed take the video down eventually. Now, I can be excused for my mistake as I’m not making the positive case outside of my steelman. For South Africa, this is unbelievably shoddy work when you're officially bringing a genocide case against another state.
Anyways, I've gone through many examples in this schizo-post, and it's entirely possible that I've made an error at some point; the irony is not lost on me. Feel free to point these errors out. I might not agree with your assessment, but I'm always willing to hear the arguments.

Prescriptions: The Six Points (Déjà vu)

I'm going to end with The Six Points because that's the focus of Part 1 and Part 2. As previously mentioned, this post is not intended to demonstrate that the misinformation the pro-Israel crowd spreads is as egregious as the misinformation the pro-Palestine spreads, whether in general or on this subreddit. While misinformation from the pro-Palestine crowd slips by every now and then on the subreddit, I would make the case that, generally speaking, it is quickly addressed. In my experience, however, I was finding quite a few cases of misinformation from the pro-Israel crowd were taking a concerning amount of time to be addressed; and in the interest of ensuring that it does get addressed in a more timely manner, I believe the following prescriptions would be helpful to keep in mind when browsing the subreddit:

1. Value the process just as much — if not, more — than the conclusion.
2. Be wary of how the presentation of information or the omission of pertinent information can lead to the inadvertent spread of misinformation.
3. Be aware of how “charged” topics/threads lead to poor reasoning that lacks dispassionate analysis.
4. Be aware of how pre-existing beliefs about an individual or organization alongside the usual biases leads to a reluctance to fact-check, where claims are taken at face-value because they feel right.
5. Link the article. Read the article. (Thoroughly.)
6. Redirect criticism to areas where it will be the strongest.

Click here for Part 3. Warning: you might get stung by a bee 🐝

Starting with our Ladies- Sorensen scooped Manager of the month for April after beating Brighton away 1:2, and drawing against Arsenal 1:1 at home. The last home league game of the season was 2:2 home draw against Spurs, at 4h of May. Our ladies will end the season at between 8-10 place out of 12. Sorensen extended his contract until 2026.
Our only goal against arsenal was already talked about, but i'd like to recommend one article from our website about - "My Everton" story By Stephen Hobson, Evertonian and father of Issy Hobson .
https://www.evertonfc.com/news/3990183/my-everton-137-my-daughter-just-scored-for-the-blues
Our women's team match against the Spurs ended in a draw only because of our team errors and the consistent will to play out from the back. Send Dyche in there, show them how to hoof the ball away.
https://evertontv.evertonfc.com/videos/8e799325-ec7e-4b61-94a4-fad47855bc37 - Spurs game highlights.
U21 team ended season with a 3:0 away loss to Derby County. The score don't exactly reflect the flow of the game, our team had good chances, but their keeper also had a good day. Derby scored first on the counter when we were dominating, and the rest came in similiar way. Dobbin played, and nearly assisted. Pickford in goal, Onyango alongside Welch in defence, Warrington also played. We ended on 25 place out of 26.
https://youtu.be/JziicRPf0xM?si=P_CLpWwmS5zod5T7 - Derby U21 game
Our U18 team just lost a 3:2 against Nottingam Forest away. Since last report our U18 team played away both Manchester teams - lost 1:3 with united and drew 1:1 with City. We still have one game to play against Newcastle. Right now we sit second last in the league(12\13), and still can jump above Stoke City if we get a point of our last game.
A quote from the club:
"The Club was devastated by the untimely passing of long-standing colleague and friend, Ian Lavery, last year. Ian was a stalwart of the Academy for more than two decades and was revered by players, families and staff at Finch Farm.
His passion for both Everton and youth football was unquestionable, and the Ian Lavo Memorial Cup was set up in his honour.
It serves to provide new Year 7/Under-12 teams from some of the biggest and traditionally strongest footballing schools across Merseyside the opportunity to play and compete at the Club’s training ground.
This year, West Derby High School and St. Margaret’s Church of England Academy reached the final, with the latter eventually coming out on top with a 3-2 win in a good-spirited and entertaining contest."
Loanees:
Neal Maupay - Brentford FC - on the bench against Fulham, and not in squad against Bournemouth. His wife was giving birth to their second child in France, so congrats!
He played 30 PL matches this season, starting 14. Plus he played 1 EFL cup(for Everton) and 2 FA cup games.
Mason Holgate - Sheffield United played in the 1:5 Newcastle loss, benched against Forest, and couldn't play against us.
Sean McAllister - Inverness Caledonian Thistle - Played in all four games since last report, also scored one goal and won a penalty against Greenock Morton. Caley Thistle won first playoff games against Montrose, and there is a two-match playoff against Hamilton coming up, deciding who will play in Scottish Championship next season. Sean will surely play, as Dunc seems to trust him. Match dates : 15.05 and 18.05.
https://youtu.be/P1fAsPSgnIQ?si=KxMJIPdAQiTzdrdW - Greenock Morton game.
Jack Barret - Cavalry FC - Played his first match! 1:1 away draw, with against HFX Wanderers. First choice Cavalry captain, goalkeeper Carducci was on the bench, so it was not a matter of injury. Good news!
https://youtu.be/lMpqwsS8Wr4?si=oGKwOdiFbyu7uVFP - one good save, one chaotic scramble. HFX match highlights.
Injured Stanley Mills former team Oxford United will play the playoff match against Bolton Wanderers 18.05. A Oxford promotion surely would be nice for our young player, even if he could only contribute half of the season.
Kenzie Weir - "Glasgow City sadly advise that defender Kenzie Weir ruptured her Anterior Cruciate Ligaments during Sunday's match with Hibernian" That's sad news after a good season for Kenzie. Glasgow sit third, level with second place Celtic with two matches to go, one of them against leaders Ranger City.
Zan-Luk Leban. - Of course Farsley Celtic FC are after their season so he's not playing, but their chairman posted an letter on their official site, and i'm gonna just quote this sentence:
"Our gates are one of the lowest in the league, and while many clubs at our level sold hundreds of not thousands of season tickets, we sold less than 10. We might not have many fans as others, but the ones we do I wouldn’t swap for any others!"
So we're looking forward only to Sean McAllister playoff matches, Jack Barret matches and our PL players last matches. That makes this probably one of the last reports this year. Thanks for stopping by!

MINNESOTA NUMEROLOGY DECODE

Today I will be decoding the state of Minnesota. I recently did one for Massachusetts if you would like to check that out. I will begin decoding the letters in the state letter by letter and then point of conclusive insights afterwards.
M - This is the 13th letter of the alphabet which will point to the energies of 4 which represents caution, privacy, withholding, responsibility, order, restriction, and family. A place with this letter as the first letter will likely have things in order or order will be of significance.
I - This is the 9th letter of the alphabet which brings the energy of adventure, learning, wisdom, experience, and expansion.
N - Being the 14th letter, N vibrates at the energy of 5 which is the use of responsibility being used for creative purposes. This can take place in many forms, especially when it comes to a state and not a person.
N - Being the 14th letter, N vibrates at the energy of 5 which is the use of responsibility being used for creative purposes. 5 is the number of war and combat as well.
E - 5th letter of the alphabet which points to love, joy, romance, child-like energy, and creativity. 5 is the number of war and combat as well.
S - 19th letter which vibrates at the energy of 1, but in this case, Minnesota isn't a state looking to be in control or to get too much attention since the 1 energy isn't overbearing. In this case, the 1 represents being self-motivated and capable.
O - 15th letter of the alphabet which vibrates at the energy of 6. 6 is about discipline, hospitality, compassion,etc.
T - 20th letter of the alphabet which vibrates at the energy of 2. 2 is a money number and the number of cooperation, stability, and comfort. 2 is also about compassion as well.
A - 1st letter of the alphabet which is about action, observation, and opportunity.
Based on what we have decoded regarding the letters in Minnesota, we can see that the main repetitive number and energy is 5. 5 shows up 3 times in this state's name which equals 15 and then 6 when added and reduced. This is definitely a state that focuses on discipline, balance, and fairness. Justice or the justice system could be very significant for this state. This is also good for financial purposes because maybe they avoid causing financial problems for their residents. Family and love can also be significant for this state. They may welcome outsiders more easily than Massachusetts(I did a decode for them first). When violence arrises, they most likely take care of it as soon as possible to keep the state at a balanced medium.
We have the energy of 1 only repeating twice which means that this state may be more welcoming and cooperative in general. Could be nice acts of kindness pretty often. They likely create a fair workforce and living arrangements of their residents as much as possible.
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MASSACHUSETTS NUMEROLOGY DECODE

Interestingly enough, we don't hear much about this state. It's almost easy to overlook or straight up forget unless you are looking at a map. We are going to decode this state using Numerology and point out the reasons/indications that point towards it being such a silent city or at least not popular and frequented like other places. This will get very informative so enjoy the read.
We will now begin decoding each letter in detail.
M - This is The 13th letter of the alphabet Making this letter vibrate at the energy of 4. The energy of four represents privacy and caution. When it comes to 13 and the energy of 4, you have a person or an energy where it's more focused on self rather than connecting with others. So, like I mentioned, 4 is about privacy, caution, and withholding. 4 is pretty restrictive so when a person or place has this name, that you know these are very cautious people or you know that these are not people that take action without thinking. 4 is a very organized type of energy. As a state, this can translate to being a very restrictive state or a state that has particular rules in place. People who live in this state can even have some of these traits. This isn't the type of place to move to unless you want some type of restriction or a relaxed type of energy in your life. M is the strongest energy of this state since it is the first letter of the state's name. So, that alone can start speaking to why this isn't a state that is talked about as much as, let's say, New York or Florida.
A - This is the letter that represents number one as it is the first letter of the alphabet which lets you know that this is about initiation or fresh starts. When it comes to people, this speaks to having that focus on self or being self-motivated.
S - As the 19th letter of the alphabet, this letter vibrates at the energy of one, but it is from a place of being in power or being extremely independent. As a state, that's why the state can seem alone or like a stand alone and not really talked about because we already have a lot of indications that talk about being too self absorbed or too withheld.
S - As the 19th letter of the alphabet, this letter vibrates at the energy of one, but it is from a place of being in power or being extremely independent. As a state, that's why the state can seem alone or like a stand alone and not really talked about because we already have a lot of indications that talk about being too self absorbed or too withheld.
A - This is the letter that represents number one as it is the first letter of the alphabet which lets you know that this is about initiation or fresh starts. When it comes to people, this speaks to having that focus on self or being self-motivated. This is the second time we got this letter and energy.
C - 3rd letter of the alphabet which can represent communication and creativity
H - 8th letter of the alphabet which talks about structure, pressure, seriousness, and mastery.
U - 21st letter of the alphabet which vibrates at the energy of 3. This shows compassion, especially when an individual has this in their name. This also can add more creative juices to a person or the state.
S - As mentioned above, this is the 19th letter of the alphabet and vibrates at the energy of 1.
E - 5th letter of the alphabet which points to combat, creativity, romance, joy, change, and events.
T - 20th letter of the alphabet which vibrates at the energy of 2 which can point to cooperation, stability, comfort, and proactivity. This is a money number just like the number 8, but 2 represents more frequency.
T - 20th letter of the alphabet which vibrates at the energy of 2 which can point to cooperation, stability, comfort, and proactivity. This is a money number just like the number 8, but 2 represents more frequency.
S - As mentioned above, this is the 19th letter of the alphabet and vibrates at the energy of 1.
As you can see, Massachusetts has 6 letters that vibrate at the energy of 1 which equals 6. 6 is about comfort, family, beauty, and discipline. We can see that this may be a state that values discipline which goes well with the fact that it starts with M which is similar to discipline because 4 energy is responsible and even family oriented. We can assume that this state operates from a place of balance and fairness. They may not tolerate what a lot of other states tolerate. Jobs could possibly be a little easier to get here just based on how a lot of the numeric values barely get to the number 9. 1 is the main number that stands out within this state which can point to them doing their own thing and not wanting to identify with how other states do things.
Very individualistic type of energy. People that live in this state could either be workaholics, dogmatic, serious, responsible, controlling, family oriented, shy, or even mean. Routine could be a big thing here. Some or a lot of the residents could even be big on being business owners. This could even be a state where couponing is or can be a big deal. This state may not have too many outside visitors like Florida or Nevada does and the residents could have been there for a long time.
This is a good place to live if you plan on settling down with your own family or partner, if you want a simple and quiet life, if it's just you and only you, if you want to downsize, etc. You get the point. The energy of Massachusetts is very much on the personal and private side.
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This page aims to showcase noteworthy content including subreddit posts, comments, videos, and tweets. The posts are organized by topic. Here, we aim to recreate the deprecated Reddit 'Collections' feature.

The Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at

• A response to Imam Iftekhar Ahmed's criticism of the HPD article on the Ahmadiyya community - A response to an Apologetic about cultish structures within the Jama'at
• Plausible deniability - A commentary on the balance between openness and rigid nonacceptance in Ahmadiyya.
• All the Ahmadiyya Sects

Engaging without being derogatory * Tweet - The reason why "Qadiani" and "mirzai" are considered derogatory terms.
Waqfe Nau Scheme

• Reddit Comment - The Jama'at has a systematic way of making people feel special.

Atheism

• Atheists have no morality or purpose - A discussion on atheism and morality.

Hadith

• Burning Eyes, Drinking Camel Urine and Ahmadiyya Islam

Homeopathy

• Thoughts on the recommended homeopathic remedy for Covid19 - A small break down of homeopathy, its flaws, and the specific flaw of the recommended medicine even within the realm of the pseudoscience of homeopathy.

Homosexuality

• The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and Homosexuality [video] - what their PR friendly outreach doesn’t tell you about how they really feel, and what they teach their own.
• Mirza Masroor Ahmad thinks being gay is a curable illness and supports conversion therapy

On "Marrying Out": rules, logistics, resources, and experiences

• Administrative or theological : Marriage between Ahmadi Muslim Girl and nonAhmadi Muslim Boy
• My experience so far. I am posting this so people know they arent alone.
• KMV's letter: Why are Ahmadi women sometimes allowed to marry non-Muslims

Getting Permission to Marry Out * Have any Ahmadi girls been able to marry non-Ahmadi Muslims without getting kicked out? * To those with non-Ahmadi S/Os who got Huzur * Question! Woman from Ahmadi family marrying a non-Muslim.
Fake Conversions for Marriage Purposes * Marrying an Ex Ahmadi * Marriage to an ahmadi * Converting Process for Marriage * Question about partner's conversion
Resignation from the Jama'at and Marriage w/o Permission * Administrative Clarification on Marriage after a Formal Resignation from the Jama'at * To those who have a non-ahmadi SO/Partner, how did you parents/family react? To those who don’t intend to marry within the community, what’s your plan? * Has anyone here got married without the permission of Jamaat? Did your family ever forgive you? How does the jamaat punish? * Ahmadis Who Married Outside the Jamat and Weren't Kicked Out: What was your experience?
Ethical Questions to the Jama'at Concerning Marriage Matters * The issue of Compatibility in Marriage/Rishta Nata : Kafu * Patriarchal rules and Women subordination in respect to choosing a spouse in the Ahmadiyya community * Jamaat policies which limit the presence, influence, and agency of women * Can Sunnis and Ahmadis marry? * An Ahmadi man who does his Nikkah with a non-Ahmadi imam must be disciplined and he is no longer a member of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. * Controlling Marriage: Murabbi sb is NOT necessary for marriage
Legal Matters / Fiqah * Ahmadi marriages and Western legal systems * Nikah & Civil marriage process are both really necessary in western society * Wali: Ahmadi Fiqah vs idea of Ahmadi Apologist Tahir Nasser * Halala, marriage with non-ahmadis and jihad

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad

• Insects coming from thin air. MGA's misconception about insects - A scientific error by MGA
• The "great sign of the plague" misrepresented - A willful misrepresentation to paint a grander, more impressive picture of MGA
• Red Drops: A Miracle Attesting the Divinity of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad - A claim of a supernatural experience by MGA
• The purpose of Messiah and Mahdi: Protection of religion? - A reflection on whether Mirza Ghulam Ahmad has really contributed anything crucial to Islam
• The unrealistic standards of MGA - A compilation of quotes from the Promised Messiah's books outlining how a true believer is expected to live their life.

Prophecy: Muhammadi Begum * Muhammadi Begum was 13/14 years old when Mirza Sahib, aged 53, made a Prophecy of marrying her. - The Muhammadi Begum saga's outrageous aspect of age-difference.
Prophecy: The Plague * The Plague in India: Who benefited from this pandemic? - MGA using a natural disaster killing many innocent people unjustifiably as a sign for his success. * The "great sign of the plague" misrepresented - A juxtaposition of an article on alislam.org quoting a revelation from Tadhkirah and what the actual entry in Tadhkirah says. * Claim that MGA predicted the Plague 25 years prior to the event in Brahin-e-Ahmadiyya - A showcase of the Promised Messiah's modification to the interpretation of a revelation such that it appears as if he predicted the plague 25 years before it actually happened. * Religious opportunism during plagues - Noting the tendencies of religions to capitalize on periods of fear for their gain.

Personal Experiences

• Asking Questions in the Jama'at: Not Without its Consequences—Yelled at after an Ijtema Q&A - Exploring the culture to allow questioning within the Jama'at as long as the question are of a particular type. 1 which can easily be answered with the conclusion that islam is perfect.

The Qur'an

• The Jews who broke the Sabbath and God transformed them into Monkeys and Pigs - Hassan Radwan weighs in - A video analyzing the absence of logic of a mythological story within the Quran
• A Temporary Hell? Hassan Radwan weighs in. - Does the Quran support the idea of a temporary hell as a healing place? (video)
• The Quran was sent to "warn" and "remind" those Arabic-speaking inhabitants living in and around the "mother of cities" only - Challenging the narrative that the Quran was sent as a guidance for all mankind though the Quran itself.

Theology

Salvation * Difference of opinion between 2 khalifas Salvation - A difference of opinion between the 2nd Khalifa and the 4th Khalifa about 2:63. One implies that only muslims can get salvation, the other says that anyone sincere will, regardless of whether they are a muslim or not.
Coercion

• Original implementation of Khuddam-ul-Ahmadiyya - A translation of an Urdu passage from a book of the 2nd khalifa, explicitly saying that coercion should be used to force people to join Khuddam-ul-Ahmadiyya and that those that do not comply should be cut off from their family, shamed, and "like a dirty rag thrown out of their home".
• Second Ahmadiyya Caliph narrates a story refrencing that "Prophet Muhammad said that anyone who tries to spread differences in a Jammat that is under one Caliph should be killed, no matter who he is"

Scientific Implications

• Star collisions, astrophysics and Ahmadiyya - Quotes from the Promised Messiahs book "The philosophy of the teachings of Islam" describing stars as unchanging objects.

Why and How We Left

Here, we provide you with some of the most popular and/or most impactful threads in this sub's history. This is the best of Questioning Islam/Ahmadiyya. If you're a new subscriber, you'll want to explore some of the amazing discussions in our archive, starting with these

• Why and how we left Islam/Ahmadiyya: 2019
• Why and how we left Islam/Ahmadiyya: 2018
• I don't belong in ahmadiyyat and ahmadiyyat doesn't accept me
• To those who have left the community, what are your reasons and motivations for being here?
• Which did you question first? Islam (generally) or the unique aspects of Ahmadiyyat (specifically)?
• The Coming Out Process

Women

• Women have inferior mental powers and lack enough understanding to seek their own divorce: from the writings of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
• Hijab in the Quran? - A closer look into whether to Quran commands women to cover their heads or not.
• Afghan Burka is the real Burqa (covering) as prescribed in the Holy Quran - Khalifa I
• Women who don't obey their husbands are cursed - An extract of the Promised Messiah's Tafsir (Qur'anic commentary).
• Reminder: The official Ahmadi position on Aisha's age of Nikkah is 9 and consummation is 12- 14 years old - Transcript of Mirza Masroor Ahmad explicitly saying that the marriage of Aisha happened at age 9 and consummation at 12.
• The western curse of working women - Exploring the dichotomy between the Jama'at’s internal and external messaging on women having careers.
• Jama'at policies which limit the presence, influence, and agency of women - A compilation of the systematic ways women are put to the side in the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community
• Ahmadi apologetics on the 'wife-beating' verse - A break down of the different justifications used in Ahmadiyya to explain why the Quran allows for women to be beaten by men( in some situations).
• Patriarchal rules and Women subordination in respect to choosing a spouse in the Ahmadiyya community
• The Murder of Lareeb Khan: A look into the court trial and the role of the Jama'at
  • Part 1 The testimony of the Murrabi counselling the family
  • Part 2 The testimony of the Murrabi counselling the family
  • Part 3 Final pleas, the verdict and the aftermath of the killing

Polygamy * The Promised Son (Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad, Khalifa II): Polygamy & Underage Wives * Any woman who complains about her husband's second marriage becomes Kafir, Ahmadis should marry more than one wife to dispel myths about polygamy * MGA's views on sexual relationships - An ugly husband is ok but not an ugly wife/ Polygamy Roohani Khazain.
Prisoners of war * Up is down, black is white and Rape is not Rape - A response to the response by Maulana Farhan Iqbal on the issue of non-consensual marriage of prisoner of war in Islam as interpreted by the Ahmadiyya community. * The Ahmadi position on non-consensual marriage of prisoners of war - Analysis of the apologia surrounding the position of Ahmadiyyat around PoWs. * Having Sex with Slave girls after 4 Marriages is allowed ?

Hallo zusammen, I apologize for asking in English but I'm in a bit flustered and really need some advice. I'm aware many posts like this exist it the sub but some responses combined with what I heard from a lawyer really confused me.
I received a warning in my post box from Frommer Legal claiming that an illegal film was shared from my network. This warning includes a cease and desist letter (Unterlassungserklärung) for me to sign and the damages + legal cost fee of about 1000 Euro. I took the top advice and decided to consult with a law firm, who said that I need a modified cease and desist letter which I can find online but of course they can also provide. So far, this checks out with what I saw here.
The lawyer said that if I hired them, they could object to this claim and 96% of cases end there. However, their quote is also pretty high, almost half what Frommer is demanding.
At this point, I'm confused about people's claims of "waiting until it goes away" here. How did this happen, exactly?
What happens if I ignore the Unterlassungserklärung?
What happens if I send the modified Unterlassungserklärung but ignore the fee?
Is the quote the law firm gave me normal? If not, do you have any specific lawyer recommendations?
Any help is appreciated. I really hate doing duplicate posts like this but I'm genuinely confused and flustered because the claimed deadline to send in the cease and desist letter is in 3 days.
PS: The claimed timeframe for sharing the file is literally 6 seconds long, which is kind of funny to me.