Consonant digraph ck worksheets
What if English evolve more like the West-Germanic languages
2024.05.12 15:55 Cobra-q-Fuma What if English evolve more like the West-Germanic languages
This conlang isn’t necessarily about English evolving the same as German, but more like if it evolved to appear more German/Dutch/Frisian
——————————————— Phonology
Consonants
Diphthongs aɪ - aʊ - aʏ - eɪ - eʊ - oʊ - øʏ - iʊ
Anglisc, much like German, is a language rich in inflections and gender, preserving the inflections of the traditionally conservative Wessex and Kentish dialects. In total, Anglisc has 4 cases: nominative, accusative, genitive and dative. Simultaneously it has 3 genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. As well as 2 numbers: singular and plural.
Declension of Anglisc: te (the)
——————————————— Verb Inflections
Again, much like German, and again, drawing from Wessex and Kent, Anglisc preserved its verbal conjugations while it disappeared in other dialects
Conjugation of Anglisc: bien (to be)
——————————————— Orthography
Anglisc orthography has gone through many reforms throughout its time. However, many archaic features are still present, which may lead some people to despise yet. But these cases are much rarer than in other languages, making the situation a little better
Short vowels - [a] - back [bak] > back - [ɛ] - feld [fɛlt] > field <-e>/<-eC#> - [ə] - leupen [leʊ.pən] > to leap - [ɪ] - ting [tɪŋ] > thing - [ɔ] - Godd [gɔt] > God - [ʊ] - wulf [vʊlf] > wolf - [ʏ] - lyft [lʏft] > air
Open Vowels - [ɑː] - name [nɑː.mə] > name - [eɪ] - breken [breɪ.kən] > to break - [i] - wik [vik] > weak - [oʊ] - hope [hoʊ.pə] > hope - [uː] - wud [vuːt] > wood - [y] - bryn [bryn] > fire/burning
Diphthongs - [aɪ] - scain [ʃaɪn] > shine - [aʊ] - haus [haʊs] > house - [aʏ] - fayr [faʏr] > fire - [eʊ] - eugh [eʊχ] > eye - [iʊ] - niu [niʊ] > new - [øʏ] - foet [føʏt] > feet
Long Vowels - [uː] - gud [guːt] > good - [iː] - hier [hiːr] > here
Consonants - [b]/[p] - beum [beʊm] > beam/tree - [k] used before a,o,u and consonants - cumen [kʊ.mən] > to come - [k] - kicken [kɪ.kən] > to kick <ċ> - [tʃ] - ċild [tʃɪlt] > child <ċg> - [dʒ] - briċg [brɪdʒ] > bridge - [d]/[t] - daġ [daʝ] > day - [f] - coen [køʏn] > keen/bold - [g]/[k] - gat [gɑːt] > gate - [χ] - bargh [barχ] > mountain <ġ> - [ʝ] - ġelpen [ʝεl.pən] > to yelp - [h] - haim [haɪm] > home -[j] - jar [jɑːr] - [k] used before e,i,y - kyċċen - [l] - lamm [lam] > lamb - [m] - monet [moʊ.nət] > month - [n] - naght [naχt] > night - [ŋ] - ring [rɪŋ] > ring - [ŋk] - tanken [taŋ.kən] > to thank - [p] - paip [paɪp] > pipe - [r] - rad [rɑːt] > council/advice - [s]/[z] - singer [sɪŋ.ər] > singer - [ʃ] - trasc [traʃ] > trash - [t] - taid [taɪt] > time - [v] - grave [grɑː.və] > grave - [v] - water [vɑː.tər] > water - [ks] - axe [ak.sə] > axe - [z] - zunne [zʊ.nə] > Sun
——————————————— Sample Text
Ang. Alle Mensce bien frie and gelaik in werthaid and righten geboren. Hie bien mid toght and gewiten begiften, and scolden elkodder in ain gaist of bruderhaid behaven.
[alə 'mεnʃə biːn 'friː ant 'gə.laɪk in 'vεrt.haɪt ant 'rɪχ.tən gə.'boʊrən] [hiː biːn mɪt tɔχt ant gə.'vɪtən bə.'gɪftən ant ʃɔldən εl.kɔdər ɪn aɪn 'gaɪst ɔf 'bruːdər.haɪt bə.'hɑːvən]
Eng. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Ger. Alle Menschen sind frei und gleich an Würde und Rechten geboren. Sie sind mit Vernunft und Gewissen begabt und sollen einander im Geist der Brüderlichkeit begegnen.
Dutch. Alle mensen worden vrij en gelijk in waardigheid en rechten geboren. Zij zijn begiftigd met verstand en geweten, en behoren zich jegens elkander in een geest van broederschap te gedragen.
submitted by Cobra-q-Fuma to conlangs [link] [comments]
——————————————— Phonology
Consonants
Labial Alveolar Post-Alveolar Dorsal GlottalPlosive p b t d k g Africative tʃ dʒ Fricative f v s z ʃ ʝ χ h Nasal m n ŋ Approx. l j Rhotic r
- Old English [θ] and [ð] turned into [t] and [d] respectively, resulting in words like ‘tief’ and ‘odder’, instead of thief and other
- Old English [ɣ], rather than being vocalized to [u] in the Middle English period, was vocalized to [x] and later [χ]. Thereby turning words like boga into boghe, rather than bow
- In a few isolated scenarios, Old English palatalized consonants such as [ʝ], [tʃ], [dʒ] and [ʃ] could be de-palatalized. Examples of which is the suffix ge-, which in old English was prononunced as [je]-. Though keep in mind this change was rare and followed no patterns
- Anglisc preserves the Old English [ʝ], which in this TL doesn’t merge with [j]
- During the Middle English period, the dialects of Kent and Wessex, the most influential of dialects, had the phonemes [f] and [s] be voiced in the beginning of words. Later, once the capital shifted from Winchester to London, the Wessex dialects clashed with the Anglo-Norse dialects of the Eastern Midlands, which land to many West-Saxon words being dropped from standard English. However, many words from the once prestigious dialect remained in the London standard, resulting in words like zunne, rather than the expected sunne, for Sun.
- Old English [w] was first turned into [ʋ] before merging with [v]
- Initial [h] before a consonant was dropped in all cases
Front Central Back unr. roun.Close i iː y uː Clo.Mi. ɪ ʏ ʊ Mid ɛ ə ɔ Open a ɑː
Diphthongs aɪ - aʊ - aʏ - eɪ - eʊ - oʊ - øʏ - iʊ
- Anglisc preserved Old English [y] and raised it to [ʏ], with [y] being the open-vowel quality
- Much like their Continental cousins, Anglisc preserves final [ə]
- Anglisc’s open vowel lengthening also occurred much like in German and Dutch
- Anglisc’s great vowel shift was much closer to the phenomenon that occurred in the other West-Germanic languages, [iː, yː and uː] became [aɪ, aʏ and aʊ] if not followed by r, [eː and oː] became [iː and uː] and [ɛː, ɔː and øː] became [eɪ, oʊ and øʏ] also if not followed by r
- Old English [ɑː], when not followed by [r], [h], [w], or was in the final word position, diphthongized to [aɪ], later merging with [aɪ] from [iː]. In other scenarios [ɑː] became [ɔː] and later [oʊ]
- Old English [æː] was also opened to [aː] as [ɑː] shifted to [aɪ] and [oʊ]. Resulting in words like saad, rather than seed
- Old English [æːɑ], if not followed by [r], [h], or a dental, became [ɛɔ] and later [eʊ], not to be confused with Old English [ew]/[eːw], which became [iʊ], in the remaining cases, it became [eɪ]
- Anglisc preserves the Northumbrian [øː] which indicated umlauted [o] rather than the West Saxon [eː]
- Anglisc lacks vowel lengthening before [ld], [mb], [nd] and [rd]
- Anglisc also lacks vowel shortening after three consonants. For instance ‘faiftien’ rather than ‘fiftien’
- Lastly, Anglisc also lacks the vowel diphthongization before [x] that happened in Middle English. Thus, toght rather than thought
Anglisc, much like German, is a language rich in inflections and gender, preserving the inflections of the traditionally conservative Wessex and Kentish dialects. In total, Anglisc has 4 cases: nominative, accusative, genitive and dative. Simultaneously it has 3 genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. As well as 2 numbers: singular and plural.
Declension of Anglisc: te (the)
Mascul. Femin. Neuter PluralNomina. te tee tatt to Accusa. tonn to tatt to Genitive tass taar tass toor Dative tom taar tom tom
——————————————— Verb Inflections
Again, much like German, and again, drawing from Wessex and Kent, Anglisc preserved its verbal conjugations while it disappeared in other dialects
Conjugation of Anglisc: bien (to be)
Present Tense Past Tense1st Per. Sin. bie wass 2nd Per. Sin. bist were 3rd Per. Sin. bitt wass Sub. Sin. bie were Imp. Sin. bie ——— Plural bien weren Sub. Plu. bien weren Imp. Plu. biet ——— Participles bieing gebien
——————————————— Orthography
Anglisc orthography has gone through many reforms throughout its time. However, many archaic features are still present, which may lead some people to despise yet. But these cases are much rarer than in other languages, making the situation a little better
Short vowels
Open Vowels
Diphthongs
Long Vowels
Consonants - [b]/[p] - beum [beʊm] > beam/tree
——————————————— Sample Text
Ang. Alle Mensce bien frie and gelaik in werthaid and righten geboren. Hie bien mid toght and gewiten begiften, and scolden elkodder in ain gaist of bruderhaid behaven.
[alə 'mεnʃə biːn 'friː ant 'gə.laɪk in 'vεrt.haɪt ant 'rɪχ.tən gə.'boʊrən] [hiː biːn mɪt tɔχt ant gə.'vɪtən bə.'gɪftən ant ʃɔldən εl.kɔdər ɪn aɪn 'gaɪst ɔf 'bruːdər.haɪt bə.'hɑːvən]
Eng. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Ger. Alle Menschen sind frei und gleich an Würde und Rechten geboren. Sie sind mit Vernunft und Gewissen begabt und sollen einander im Geist der Brüderlichkeit begegnen.
Dutch. Alle mensen worden vrij en gelijk in waardigheid en rechten geboren. Zij zijn begiftigd met verstand en geweten, en behoren zich jegens elkander in een geest van broederschap te gedragen.
2024.05.09 21:33 ObviousHead5714 Moving info from one sheet to another
so im trying to write some vba that move information from one sheet to another. But im having some problems. Sub CreateSheets()
Dim ws As Worksheet
Dim wsSource As Worksheet
Dim wsDestinationDetail As Worksheet
Dim wsDestinationMgm As Worksheet
Dim wsDestinationSum As Worksheet
Dim sourceRange As Range
Dim numCell As Range
Dim cell As Range
Dim tCell As Range
' Check if "Details" worksheet exists
On Error Resume Next
Set ws = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Details")
On Error GoTo 0
' If "Details" worksheet doesn't exist, create it
If ws Is Nothing Then
Set ws = ThisWorkbook.Sheets.Add(After:=ThisWorkbook.Sheets(ThisWorkbook.Sheets.Count))
ws.Name = "Details"
End If
' Check if "MGMT Summary" worksheet exists
On Error Resume Next
Set ws = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("MGMT Summary")
On Error GoTo 0
' If "MGMT Summary" worksheet doesn't exist, create it
If ws Is Nothing Then
Set ws = ThisWorkbook.Sheets.Add(After:=ThisWorkbook.Sheets(ThisWorkbook.Sheets.Count))
ws.Name = "MGMT Summary"
End If
' Check if "Summary" worksheet exists
On Error Resume Next
Set ws = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Summary")
On Error GoTo 0
' If "Summary" worksheet doesn't exist, create it
If ws Is Nothing Then
Set ws = ThisWorkbook.Sheets.Add(After:=ThisWorkbook.Sheets(ThisWorkbook.Sheets.Count))
ws.Name = "Summary"
End If
' Specify Worksheet
Set wsDestinationDetail = ws
' Add headers to the first row
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 1).Value = "Cust #"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 2).Value = "Customer Name"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 3).Value = "T"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 4).Value = "Invoice"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 5).Value = "PO"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 6).Value = "CK #"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 7).Value = "Applied"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 8).Value = "INV Date"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 9).Value = "Due Date"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 10).Value = "Original"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 11).Value = "Balance"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 12).Value = "Current"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 13).Value = "<30 Days"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 14).Value = "30-60 Days"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 15).Value = "60-90 Days"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 16).Value = ">90 Days"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 17).Value = "Site"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 18).Value = "Comments"
' Make the headers bold
wsDestinationDetail.Range("A1:R1").Font.Bold = True
' Change the background color of a range of cells to gray
wsDestinationDetail.Range("A1:R1").Interior.Color = RGB(192, 192, 192)
' Find the range of headers
Set headersRange = wsDestinationDetail.Range("A1").CurrentRegion.Rows(1)
' Add filters to the headers range
headersRange.AutoFilter
' Set the source worksheet
Set wsSource = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("BPAging")
' Define the range to search in column A of the source sheet
lastRow = wsSource.Cells(wsSource.Rows.Count, "A").End(xlUp).Row
Set sourceRange = wsSource.Range("A1:A" & lastRow)
' Loop through each cell in the range
For Each numCell In sourceRange
' Check if the cell value is numeric text
If IsNumeric(numCell.Value) Then
' Convert the numeric text to a number using the Val() function
numCell.Value = Val(numCell.Value)
End If
Next numCell
' Define the desired length of the numerical value
valueLength = 6 ' Change this to your desired length
' Loop through each cell in column A of the source sheet
For Each cell In sourceRange
' Check if the cell contains a numeric value
If IsNumeric(cell.Value) Then
' Check if the length of the cell value matches the specified length
If Len(cell.Value) = valueLength Then
' Capture the corresponding name from column B
Set nameCell = cell.Offset(0, 1)
' Move the value and name to the destination sheet
Dim lastRowDest As Long
lastRowDest = wsDestinationDetail.Cells(wsDestinationDetail.Rows.Count, "A").End(xlUp).Row + 1
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(lastRowDest, "A").Value = cell.Value ' Account Number
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(lastRowDest, "B").Value = nameCell.Value ' Customer Name
' Check the cells below the current cell for "C", "I", or "P"
Dim rowBelow As Integer
rowBelow = cell.Row + 1
Do While Not IsEmpty(wsSource.Cells(rowBelow, cell.Column))
Dim letter As String
letter = wsSource.Cells(rowBelow, cell.Column).Value
' Check if the letter is "C", "I", or "P"
If letter = "C" Or letter = "I" Or letter = "P" Then
' Move the letter to the destination sheet
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(lastRowDest, "C").Value = letter ' Type (C, I, or P)
' Move to the next row in the destination sheet
lastRowDest = lastRowDest + 1
End If
rowBelow = rowBelow + 1
Loop
End If
End If
Next cell
' Autofit columns to adjust width
wsDestinationDetail.Columns.AutoFit
End Sub the problems lie in my loop to get the letters and account numbers/names. I need the account numbers and names to come over each time there is a C, I, or P under the number. Currently my code only brings the Numbers and Names over once and then all of the C, I and P's. Does any one have any ideas on how to fix this?
submitted by ObviousHead5714 to vba [link] [comments]
Dim ws As Worksheet
Dim wsSource As Worksheet
Dim wsDestinationDetail As Worksheet
Dim wsDestinationMgm As Worksheet
Dim wsDestinationSum As Worksheet
Dim sourceRange As Range
Dim numCell As Range
Dim cell As Range
Dim tCell As Range
' Check if "Details" worksheet exists
On Error Resume Next
Set ws = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Details")
On Error GoTo 0
' If "Details" worksheet doesn't exist, create it
If ws Is Nothing Then
Set ws = ThisWorkbook.Sheets.Add(After:=ThisWorkbook.Sheets(ThisWorkbook.Sheets.Count))
ws.Name = "Details"
End If
' Check if "MGMT Summary" worksheet exists
On Error Resume Next
Set ws = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("MGMT Summary")
On Error GoTo 0
' If "MGMT Summary" worksheet doesn't exist, create it
If ws Is Nothing Then
Set ws = ThisWorkbook.Sheets.Add(After:=ThisWorkbook.Sheets(ThisWorkbook.Sheets.Count))
ws.Name = "MGMT Summary"
End If
' Check if "Summary" worksheet exists
On Error Resume Next
Set ws = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Summary")
On Error GoTo 0
' If "Summary" worksheet doesn't exist, create it
If ws Is Nothing Then
Set ws = ThisWorkbook.Sheets.Add(After:=ThisWorkbook.Sheets(ThisWorkbook.Sheets.Count))
ws.Name = "Summary"
End If
' Specify Worksheet
Set wsDestinationDetail = ws
' Add headers to the first row
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 1).Value = "Cust #"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 2).Value = "Customer Name"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 3).Value = "T"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 4).Value = "Invoice"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 5).Value = "PO"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 6).Value = "CK #"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 7).Value = "Applied"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 8).Value = "INV Date"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 9).Value = "Due Date"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 10).Value = "Original"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 11).Value = "Balance"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 12).Value = "Current"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 13).Value = "<30 Days"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 14).Value = "30-60 Days"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 15).Value = "60-90 Days"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 16).Value = ">90 Days"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 17).Value = "Site"
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(1, 18).Value = "Comments"
' Make the headers bold
wsDestinationDetail.Range("A1:R1").Font.Bold = True
' Change the background color of a range of cells to gray
wsDestinationDetail.Range("A1:R1").Interior.Color = RGB(192, 192, 192)
' Find the range of headers
Set headersRange = wsDestinationDetail.Range("A1").CurrentRegion.Rows(1)
' Add filters to the headers range
headersRange.AutoFilter
' Set the source worksheet
Set wsSource = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("BPAging")
' Define the range to search in column A of the source sheet
lastRow = wsSource.Cells(wsSource.Rows.Count, "A").End(xlUp).Row
Set sourceRange = wsSource.Range("A1:A" & lastRow)
' Loop through each cell in the range
For Each numCell In sourceRange
' Check if the cell value is numeric text
If IsNumeric(numCell.Value) Then
' Convert the numeric text to a number using the Val() function
numCell.Value = Val(numCell.Value)
End If
Next numCell
' Define the desired length of the numerical value
valueLength = 6 ' Change this to your desired length
' Loop through each cell in column A of the source sheet
For Each cell In sourceRange
' Check if the cell contains a numeric value
If IsNumeric(cell.Value) Then
' Check if the length of the cell value matches the specified length
If Len(cell.Value) = valueLength Then
' Capture the corresponding name from column B
Set nameCell = cell.Offset(0, 1)
' Move the value and name to the destination sheet
Dim lastRowDest As Long
lastRowDest = wsDestinationDetail.Cells(wsDestinationDetail.Rows.Count, "A").End(xlUp).Row + 1
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(lastRowDest, "A").Value = cell.Value ' Account Number
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(lastRowDest, "B").Value = nameCell.Value ' Customer Name
' Check the cells below the current cell for "C", "I", or "P"
Dim rowBelow As Integer
rowBelow = cell.Row + 1
Do While Not IsEmpty(wsSource.Cells(rowBelow, cell.Column))
Dim letter As String
letter = wsSource.Cells(rowBelow, cell.Column).Value
' Check if the letter is "C", "I", or "P"
If letter = "C" Or letter = "I" Or letter = "P" Then
' Move the letter to the destination sheet
wsDestinationDetail.Cells(lastRowDest, "C").Value = letter ' Type (C, I, or P)
' Move to the next row in the destination sheet
lastRowDest = lastRowDest + 1
End If
rowBelow = rowBelow + 1
Loop
End If
End If
Next cell
' Autofit columns to adjust width
wsDestinationDetail.Columns.AutoFit
End Sub the problems lie in my loop to get the letters and account numbers/names. I need the account numbers and names to come over each time there is a C, I, or P under the number. Currently my code only brings the Numbers and Names over once and then all of the C, I and P's. Does any one have any ideas on how to fix this?
2024.05.08 04:40 o2100 Korean Grammar(Basic) list 93 and video clips in English
Below is a list of Korean grammar (beginner) and links to related videos.
The list below is a list of all videos explained in English.
We plan to continue uploading videos in the future.
Please refer to the video link of the basic Korean grammar uploaded so far ^^
I hope that the hard work material will be shared so that it can be helpful to many Korean learners.
Click on the channel address to view more resources, including practice for word and word order arrangement.
Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIC-SiYOb4knGWV8W_RMKmA/playlists
Korean Grammar List - Basic
1 How to read Korean1 (Korean alphabet - basic consonant, single vowel) https://youtu.be/uWBT0GYDB3g
2 Korean Alphabet 1 - single vowels, basic consonants https://youtu.be/AbPFKZRa1y8
3 Korean Alphabet 2 - double vowel 1, aspirated consonants https://youtu.be/9o9f6j50RAY
4 Korean Alphabet 3 - double vowel 2, double consonant https://youtu.be/rjeYdVI0HS8
5 Korean Alphabet 4 - Final Consonants https://youtu.be/XALwMLJ9YDY
6 Korean Grammar 1 - 이에요/예요 은/는 https://youtu.be/7KbNiRTyRUk
7 Korean Grammar 2 - 이/가, 은/는 vs 이/가 differences https://youtu.be/n7rMNbqHcqc
8 Korean Grammar 3 - 이/가 아니다 https://youtu.be/DrGZNivR7p4
9 Korean Grammar 4 - ㅂ/습니다, ㅂ/습니까? https://youtu.be/_tEEC7Ah_d8
10 Korean Grammar 5 - 입니다/입니까? https://youtu.be/mybPJ9XF7zw
11 Korean Grammar 6 - 을/를 object maker https://youtu.be/8QCP4oAw5Qc
12 Korean Grammar 7 - 도 also, too https://youtu.be/CRc-Y86FZfU
13 Korean Grammar 8 - 와/과, 하고 (N and N), (with someone) https://youtu.be/npQIul_ibU0
14 Korean Grammar 9 - 의 possession https://youtu.be/HH0VZR9JFzY
15 Korean Grammar 10 - -아요/어요/해요 https://youtu.be/sssUFEeHje0
16 Korean Grammar 11 - ㅂ irregular https://youtu.be/Dd-VcEQcEbA
17 Korean Grammar 12 - 안 / -지 않다 (not) https://youtu.be/jPVEq4uH5Cw
18 Korean Grammar 13 - 에게 / 한테 to (someone) https://youtu.be/ZrJBbkV26io
19 Korean Grammar 14 - 만 only https://youtu.be/0oP2ug8F420
20 Korean Grammar 15 - place N에 https://youtu.be/6MYyEEfmZ_M
21 Korean Grammar 16 - place N에서 + do something https://youtu.be/L0liQTZzy7c
22 Korean Grammar 17 - Numbers(based on Chinese character) https://youtu.be/Lz2p0oovuu8
23 Korean Grammar 18 - 았/었 past tense https://youtu.be/gpw_WD-E7qo
24 Korean Grammar 19 - (time noun)에 https://youtu.be/WZBvFvPgLXU
25 Korean Grammar 20 - ~부터 ~까지(from~ until~)(time noun) https://youtu.be/HMWXxwbhZLs
26 Korean Grammar 21 - 못 / -지 못하다 can not https://youtu.be/Ryrhpt1g4xI
27 Korean Grammar 22 - ㄷ irregular https://youtu.be/BFv7USR8ejo
28 Korean Grammar 23 - 고1(List up - and), (이)고 https://youtu.be/jdKQChT3qbg
29 Korean Grammar 24 - -(으)ㄹ까요? -(으)ㅂ시다 https://youtu.be/SRZ4ECOGhDI
30 Korean Grammar 25 - -아서/어서/해서 reason https://youtu.be/Idz8SpewFys
31 Korean Grammar 26 - 고 싶다(I want)/ -고 싶어하다(someone wants) https://youtu.be/MrgmJFvzCO0
32 Korean Grammar 27 - 지만(but, however) https://youtu.be/Y-19JLg-kLc
33 Korean Grammar 28 - 고2(after that) https://youtu.be/Ef4kv-eZOG4
34 Korean Grammar 29 - 고1vs고2 differences https://youtu.be/TLsKhs5EkAk
35 Korean Grammar 30 - 는 중이다 be+ing / middle of something https://youtu.be/pX73BFLsFqI
36 Korean Grammar 31 - 르 irregular https://youtu.be/uKuu8v9SCHo
37 Korean Grammar 32 - 보다(more than) https://youtu.be/vdjHjPPis88
38 Korean Grammar 33 - -고 있다 (be + ing) https://youtu.be/uFXhEGg_hsQ
39 Korean Grammar 34 - -(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다 can / can not https://youtu.be/AzfUlqpH-rI
40 Korean Grammar 35 - 기 전에 with small tip! https://youtu.be/iRGIk3ce1Ms
41 Korean Grammar 36 - ㄹ irregular https://youtu.be/te3MVhsMJzQ
42 Korean Grammar 37(1) - -(으)ㄹ 거예요 / -(으)ㄹ 겁니다 guessing https://youtu.be/EKJQmjgMigI
43 Korean Grammar 37(2) - -(으)ㄹ 거예요 / -(으)ㄹ 겁니다 future tense https://youtu.be/tRS8hxUBf-Q
44 Korean Grammar 38 - (으)려고 https://youtu.be/lxAOR5iqElo
45 Korean Grammar 39 - 높임말 (honorific form) https://youtu.be/CpN23thH60Q
46 Korean Grammar 40 - -(으)세요 / -(으)십시오 order form https://youtu.be/s7MSFT4TiQg
47 Korean Grammar 41 - -(으)ㄴ 후에 after https://youtu.be/r-XRWZvjgWk
48 Korean Grammar 42 - -지 말다 https://youtu.be/wJq-ggwSMNw
49 Korean Grammar 43 - ~에서 ~까지(place noun) https://youtu.be/IeWjV-ejmZc
50 Korean Grammar 44 - -아야/어야 되다/하다(should / need to) https://youtu.be/0ffbafedJvM
51 Korean Grammar 45 - -(으)니까 because + -(으)니까vs 아서/어서 differences (reason meaning) https://youtu.be/Ac5ayHGr_d8
52 Korean Grammar 46 - (으)로 https://youtu.be/qOaoMyMma38
53 Korean Grammar 47 - (으)러 가다/오다/다니다 https://youtu.be/f041ty_86Sc
54 Korean Grammar - (으)면 if https://youtu.be/mufWaZ1qyGM
55 Korean Grammar - V/A지요? N(이)지요? rechecking https://youtu.be/C_gvzrrAP3Y
56 Korean Grammar - 고3(exceptional usage) https://youtu.be/oS2ERojTqo4
57 Korean Grammar - 아서/어서2 sequential https://youtu.be/PfIR_7xnpsk
58 Korean Grammar - 아서/어서 vs 고 difference(sequential meaning) https://youtu.be/pQssx_qFV7c
59 Korean Grammar 48 - -겠 guessing & future https://youtu.be/VxKflj5DWpA
60 Korean Grammar 49 - 네요 https://youtu.be/w1wd9s1Nkeo
61 Korean Grammar 50 - -아/어 보다 (try) https://youtu.be/CTul9S9xCoc
62 Korean Grammar 51 - 에게서/한테서 from Someone https://youtu.be/-Fog4PP_oi4
63 Korean Grammar 52 - A(으)ㄴ +N https://youtu.be/hesNReTx_ME
64 Korean Grammar 53 - V는 + N (present) https://youtu.be/Xvb2P2BZCxo
65 Korean Grammar 54 - V(으)ㄴ + N (past) https://youtu.be/RIcYq4jYISI
66 Korean Grammar 55 - V(으)ㄹ + N (future) & summary https://youtu.be/Dw4sy3ocH3M
67 Korean Grammar 56 - A(으)ㄴ데 / V는데 (background explanation) https://youtu.be/JvhHwnr8SfU
68 Korean Grammar 57 - 는 것 (V→N) https://youtu.be/JCo1Szax5M4
69 Korean Grammar 58 - (으)ㄹ 때 When (Someone do Something..) https://youtu.be/LO7TMXbkeuw
70 Korean Grammar 59 - (으)ㄹ게요 strong willingness / promise https://youtu.be/gNhJiRKcI-4
71 Korean Grammar 60 - 기로 하다/했다 I promise to… https://youtu.be/CPplszLn2vc
72 Korean Grammar 61 - (으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다 I have an experience to… https://youtu.be/tx8bhdYHnxw
73 Korean Grammar 62 - 아/어 본 적이 있다/없다 (I have an experience to (try to)..) https://youtu.be/P7x2b75_6vE
74 Korean Grammar 63 - V/A게 (2 way to use) https://youtu.be/TW2TfLgv8P0
75 Korean Grammar 65 - (으)ㄹ래요? (으)ㄹ래요 https://youtu.be/yvyiRtRYQvE
76 Korean Grammar 66 - 밖에 nothing but, only / difference with 만 https://youtu.be/8TYRjbbTq6E
77 Korean Grammar 67 - (이)나 more than you expect https://youtu.be/m7NdHrJBCd8
78 Korean Grammar - 마다 every, each https://youtu.be/wwZL6cbxTPQ
79 Korean Grammar - 아/어 주다 asking for help / volunteer to help https://youtu.be/XrKLWtF2wz0
80 Korean Grammar - (으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다 to have no other option but to do something https://youtu.be/weYOLBMv8Ko
81 Korean Grammar - Numbers(based on Korean) https://youtu.be/MfEDe1se5Nw
82 Korean Grammar - 다가(action change) https://youtu.be/9VDBpPwGOuc
83 Korean Grammar - 기 때문에 reason, cause https://youtu.be/Iu0qNG6mGKA
84 Korean Grammar - 때문에 vs 이기 때문에 difference https://youtu.be/7HWM3vkVqVk
85 Korean Grammar - ㅎ irregular https://youtu.be/GCubnpvBAEc
86 Korean Grammar - 는 동안에 during / while https://youtu.be/IvRfhNO2vCk
87 Korean Grammar - (으)면서 to do two actions in a same time https://youtu.be/8lp2XBtwHG0
88 Korean Grammar - (으)ㄴ/는 데다가 something added https://youtu.be/dGTuxj1Dtnw
89 Korean Grammar - 처럼 like (something) https://youtu.be/h6csR_AomcM
90 Korean Grammar - 아/어도 되다 asking a permission / allow to do that https://youtu.be/XvLjAtkLfPc
91 Korean Grammar - (으)면 안되다 answering NOT allow to do that https://youtu.be/3ypnkg49y2Q
92 Korean Grammar - 게 되다 become changed https://youtu.be/futcFa-wT1M
93 Korean Grammar - 아/어지다 become changed https://youtu.be/EDV7PfgwO7g
submitted by o2100 to enjoyKorean [link] [comments]
The list below is a list of all videos explained in English.
We plan to continue uploading videos in the future.
Please refer to the video link of the basic Korean grammar uploaded so far ^^
I hope that the hard work material will be shared so that it can be helpful to many Korean learners.
Click on the channel address to view more resources, including practice for word and word order arrangement.
Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIC-SiYOb4knGWV8W_RMKmA/playlists
Korean Grammar List - Basic
1 How to read Korean1 (Korean alphabet - basic consonant, single vowel) https://youtu.be/uWBT0GYDB3g
2 Korean Alphabet 1 - single vowels, basic consonants https://youtu.be/AbPFKZRa1y8
3 Korean Alphabet 2 - double vowel 1, aspirated consonants https://youtu.be/9o9f6j50RAY
4 Korean Alphabet 3 - double vowel 2, double consonant https://youtu.be/rjeYdVI0HS8
5 Korean Alphabet 4 - Final Consonants https://youtu.be/XALwMLJ9YDY
6 Korean Grammar 1 - 이에요/예요 은/는 https://youtu.be/7KbNiRTyRUk
7 Korean Grammar 2 - 이/가, 은/는 vs 이/가 differences https://youtu.be/n7rMNbqHcqc
8 Korean Grammar 3 - 이/가 아니다 https://youtu.be/DrGZNivR7p4
9 Korean Grammar 4 - ㅂ/습니다, ㅂ/습니까? https://youtu.be/_tEEC7Ah_d8
10 Korean Grammar 5 - 입니다/입니까? https://youtu.be/mybPJ9XF7zw
11 Korean Grammar 6 - 을/를 object maker https://youtu.be/8QCP4oAw5Qc
12 Korean Grammar 7 - 도 also, too https://youtu.be/CRc-Y86FZfU
13 Korean Grammar 8 - 와/과, 하고 (N and N), (with someone) https://youtu.be/npQIul_ibU0
14 Korean Grammar 9 - 의 possession https://youtu.be/HH0VZR9JFzY
15 Korean Grammar 10 - -아요/어요/해요 https://youtu.be/sssUFEeHje0
16 Korean Grammar 11 - ㅂ irregular https://youtu.be/Dd-VcEQcEbA
17 Korean Grammar 12 - 안 / -지 않다 (not) https://youtu.be/jPVEq4uH5Cw
18 Korean Grammar 13 - 에게 / 한테 to (someone) https://youtu.be/ZrJBbkV26io
19 Korean Grammar 14 - 만 only https://youtu.be/0oP2ug8F420
20 Korean Grammar 15 - place N에 https://youtu.be/6MYyEEfmZ_M
21 Korean Grammar 16 - place N에서 + do something https://youtu.be/L0liQTZzy7c
22 Korean Grammar 17 - Numbers(based on Chinese character) https://youtu.be/Lz2p0oovuu8
23 Korean Grammar 18 - 았/었 past tense https://youtu.be/gpw_WD-E7qo
24 Korean Grammar 19 - (time noun)에 https://youtu.be/WZBvFvPgLXU
25 Korean Grammar 20 - ~부터 ~까지(from~ until~)(time noun) https://youtu.be/HMWXxwbhZLs
26 Korean Grammar 21 - 못 / -지 못하다 can not https://youtu.be/Ryrhpt1g4xI
27 Korean Grammar 22 - ㄷ irregular https://youtu.be/BFv7USR8ejo
28 Korean Grammar 23 - 고1(List up - and), (이)고 https://youtu.be/jdKQChT3qbg
29 Korean Grammar 24 - -(으)ㄹ까요? -(으)ㅂ시다 https://youtu.be/SRZ4ECOGhDI
30 Korean Grammar 25 - -아서/어서/해서 reason https://youtu.be/Idz8SpewFys
31 Korean Grammar 26 - 고 싶다(I want)/ -고 싶어하다(someone wants) https://youtu.be/MrgmJFvzCO0
32 Korean Grammar 27 - 지만(but, however) https://youtu.be/Y-19JLg-kLc
33 Korean Grammar 28 - 고2(after that) https://youtu.be/Ef4kv-eZOG4
34 Korean Grammar 29 - 고1vs고2 differences https://youtu.be/TLsKhs5EkAk
35 Korean Grammar 30 - 는 중이다 be+ing / middle of something https://youtu.be/pX73BFLsFqI
36 Korean Grammar 31 - 르 irregular https://youtu.be/uKuu8v9SCHo
37 Korean Grammar 32 - 보다(more than) https://youtu.be/vdjHjPPis88
38 Korean Grammar 33 - -고 있다 (be + ing) https://youtu.be/uFXhEGg_hsQ
39 Korean Grammar 34 - -(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다 can / can not https://youtu.be/AzfUlqpH-rI
40 Korean Grammar 35 - 기 전에 with small tip! https://youtu.be/iRGIk3ce1Ms
41 Korean Grammar 36 - ㄹ irregular https://youtu.be/te3MVhsMJzQ
42 Korean Grammar 37(1) - -(으)ㄹ 거예요 / -(으)ㄹ 겁니다 guessing https://youtu.be/EKJQmjgMigI
43 Korean Grammar 37(2) - -(으)ㄹ 거예요 / -(으)ㄹ 겁니다 future tense https://youtu.be/tRS8hxUBf-Q
44 Korean Grammar 38 - (으)려고 https://youtu.be/lxAOR5iqElo
45 Korean Grammar 39 - 높임말 (honorific form) https://youtu.be/CpN23thH60Q
46 Korean Grammar 40 - -(으)세요 / -(으)십시오 order form https://youtu.be/s7MSFT4TiQg
47 Korean Grammar 41 - -(으)ㄴ 후에 after https://youtu.be/r-XRWZvjgWk
48 Korean Grammar 42 - -지 말다 https://youtu.be/wJq-ggwSMNw
49 Korean Grammar 43 - ~에서 ~까지(place noun) https://youtu.be/IeWjV-ejmZc
50 Korean Grammar 44 - -아야/어야 되다/하다(should / need to) https://youtu.be/0ffbafedJvM
51 Korean Grammar 45 - -(으)니까 because + -(으)니까vs 아서/어서 differences (reason meaning) https://youtu.be/Ac5ayHGr_d8
52 Korean Grammar 46 - (으)로 https://youtu.be/qOaoMyMma38
53 Korean Grammar 47 - (으)러 가다/오다/다니다 https://youtu.be/f041ty_86Sc
54 Korean Grammar - (으)면 if https://youtu.be/mufWaZ1qyGM
55 Korean Grammar - V/A지요? N(이)지요? rechecking https://youtu.be/C_gvzrrAP3Y
56 Korean Grammar - 고3(exceptional usage) https://youtu.be/oS2ERojTqo4
57 Korean Grammar - 아서/어서2 sequential https://youtu.be/PfIR_7xnpsk
58 Korean Grammar - 아서/어서 vs 고 difference(sequential meaning) https://youtu.be/pQssx_qFV7c
59 Korean Grammar 48 - -겠 guessing & future https://youtu.be/VxKflj5DWpA
60 Korean Grammar 49 - 네요 https://youtu.be/w1wd9s1Nkeo
61 Korean Grammar 50 - -아/어 보다 (try) https://youtu.be/CTul9S9xCoc
62 Korean Grammar 51 - 에게서/한테서 from Someone https://youtu.be/-Fog4PP_oi4
63 Korean Grammar 52 - A(으)ㄴ +N https://youtu.be/hesNReTx_ME
64 Korean Grammar 53 - V는 + N (present) https://youtu.be/Xvb2P2BZCxo
65 Korean Grammar 54 - V(으)ㄴ + N (past) https://youtu.be/RIcYq4jYISI
66 Korean Grammar 55 - V(으)ㄹ + N (future) & summary https://youtu.be/Dw4sy3ocH3M
67 Korean Grammar 56 - A(으)ㄴ데 / V는데 (background explanation) https://youtu.be/JvhHwnr8SfU
68 Korean Grammar 57 - 는 것 (V→N) https://youtu.be/JCo1Szax5M4
69 Korean Grammar 58 - (으)ㄹ 때 When (Someone do Something..) https://youtu.be/LO7TMXbkeuw
70 Korean Grammar 59 - (으)ㄹ게요 strong willingness / promise https://youtu.be/gNhJiRKcI-4
71 Korean Grammar 60 - 기로 하다/했다 I promise to… https://youtu.be/CPplszLn2vc
72 Korean Grammar 61 - (으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다 I have an experience to… https://youtu.be/tx8bhdYHnxw
73 Korean Grammar 62 - 아/어 본 적이 있다/없다 (I have an experience to (try to)..) https://youtu.be/P7x2b75_6vE
74 Korean Grammar 63 - V/A게 (2 way to use) https://youtu.be/TW2TfLgv8P0
75 Korean Grammar 65 - (으)ㄹ래요? (으)ㄹ래요 https://youtu.be/yvyiRtRYQvE
76 Korean Grammar 66 - 밖에 nothing but, only / difference with 만 https://youtu.be/8TYRjbbTq6E
77 Korean Grammar 67 - (이)나 more than you expect https://youtu.be/m7NdHrJBCd8
78 Korean Grammar - 마다 every, each https://youtu.be/wwZL6cbxTPQ
79 Korean Grammar - 아/어 주다 asking for help / volunteer to help https://youtu.be/XrKLWtF2wz0
80 Korean Grammar - (으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다 to have no other option but to do something https://youtu.be/weYOLBMv8Ko
81 Korean Grammar - Numbers(based on Korean) https://youtu.be/MfEDe1se5Nw
82 Korean Grammar - 다가(action change) https://youtu.be/9VDBpPwGOuc
83 Korean Grammar - 기 때문에 reason, cause https://youtu.be/Iu0qNG6mGKA
84 Korean Grammar - 때문에 vs 이기 때문에 difference https://youtu.be/7HWM3vkVqVk
85 Korean Grammar - ㅎ irregular https://youtu.be/GCubnpvBAEc
86 Korean Grammar - 는 동안에 during / while https://youtu.be/IvRfhNO2vCk
87 Korean Grammar - (으)면서 to do two actions in a same time https://youtu.be/8lp2XBtwHG0
88 Korean Grammar - (으)ㄴ/는 데다가 something added https://youtu.be/dGTuxj1Dtnw
89 Korean Grammar - 처럼 like (something) https://youtu.be/h6csR_AomcM
90 Korean Grammar - 아/어도 되다 asking a permission / allow to do that https://youtu.be/XvLjAtkLfPc
91 Korean Grammar - (으)면 안되다 answering NOT allow to do that https://youtu.be/3ypnkg49y2Q
92 Korean Grammar - 게 되다 become changed https://youtu.be/futcFa-wT1M
93 Korean Grammar - 아/어지다 become changed https://youtu.be/EDV7PfgwO7g
2024.05.05 18:03 OedinaryLuigi420 Albanian orthography reform (slightly better)
submitted by OedinaryLuigi420 to conorthography [link] [comments]2024.05.04 00:31 Material_Baker8256 7th grade statistics exam Reddit Pay someone to do my Online Exam, Assignment, Homework Reddit A Help from Online Helper Resources to Get Ready on Reddit How to Pass My Exam Reddit Test, quiz, questions & Topics Covered on Reddit Hiraedu assistance & support reddit Hire Taker Reddit
7th Grade Statistics Exam: A Comprehensive Guide
Are you a 7th grade student preparing for your statistics exam? Look no further! This post provides a detailed overview of the topics you need to know, tips for studying, and resources to help you succeed.
If you are unable to pass your Online Stat Exam, Assignments and Homework or struggling to handle coursework, get paid help from Online Helpers at Hiraedu!
Contact Details for Hiraedu Helper:
WhatsApp: +1 (213) 594-5657
Call: +1 727 456 9641
Website: hiraedu. com
Email: info@hiraedu. com
Topics Covered:
What are your Thoughts! Write in comments and ask for help if needed
Suggest more topic Ideas
Join this subreddit to help us grow!
submitted by Material_Baker8256 to Statisticshelpers_ [link] [comments]
Are you a 7th grade student preparing for your statistics exam? Look no further! This post provides a detailed overview of the topics you need to know, tips for studying, and resources to help you succeed.
If you are unable to pass your Online Stat Exam, Assignments and Homework or struggling to handle coursework, get paid help from Online Helpers at Hiraedu!
Contact Details for Hiraedu Helper:
WhatsApp: +1 (213) 594-5657
Call: +1 727 456 9641
Website: hiraedu. com
Email: info@hiraedu. com
Topics Covered:
- Descriptive Statistics:
- Measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode)
- Measures of variability (range, interquartile range)
- Data visualization (histograms, box plots)
- Inferential Statistics:
- Introduction to probability
- Understanding sampling distributions
- Making inferences about populations
- Data Analysis:
- Identifying patterns and trends
- Analyzing and interpreting data
- Drawing conclusions and making predictions
- Graphing and Visualization:
- Understanding different types of graphs (bar graphs, line graphs, scatter plots)
- Interpreting and creating graphs
- Practice, practice, practice: Use online resources or practice worksheets to reinforce your understanding of key concepts.
- Create flashcards: Flashcards can help you memorize key terms and formulas.
- Make connections: Try to relate statistics to real-life situations or everyday experiences.
- Get help when needed: Don't hesitate to ask your teacher or tutor for clarification on difficult topics.
- Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers video lessons and practice exercises for 7th grade statistics.
- Mathway: Mathway provides online tutoring and practice problems for statistics and other math subjects.
- CK-12: CK-12 offers free online textbooks and resources for 7th grade statistics.
- Statistics in Schools: The American Statistical Association provides resources and lesson plans for teaching statistics in schools.
- Stay organized: Keep all your notes and materials in a designated binder or folder.
- Take breaks: Studying can be overwhelming, so be sure to take breaks and give your brain a rest.
- Get enough sleep: Make sure you get plenty of rest before the exam to help your brain function at its best.
What are your Thoughts! Write in comments and ask for help if needed
Suggest more topic Ideas
Join this subreddit to help us grow!
2024.04.28 21:15 tentimestenis Use this phonics reference chart to help students see the big picture and enhance recall by having a mental structure to categorize the instruction they are learning.
 | submitted by tentimestenis to homeschool [link] [comments] |
2024.04.28 21:12 tentimestenis Illuminate the path to phonics success! Our Periodic Table of Phonics offers a holistic view of the sound library. Reveal the big picture and help enhance recall with this reference chart. https://teachingsquared.com/language-arts-worksheets/phonics-worksheets/
| | submitted by tentimestenis to teachingresources [link] [comments] |
2024.04.28 07:59 tentimestenis Illuminate the path to phonics success! Our Periodic Table of Phonics offers a holistic view of the sound library. Reveal the big picture and help enhance recall with this reference chart. https://teachingsquared.com/language-arts-worksheets/phonics-worksheets/
| | submitted by tentimestenis to coloringsquared [link] [comments] |
2024.04.25 06:33 sdrawkcabsihtdaeru Community feedback greatly appreciated
The Zũm alphabet (or abcić) recently increased from 27 to 28, and before I solidify the change, I' wondering if it's best to make it 29.
Some context:
Zũm has five accent marks: a dot which geminates consonants, a macron or line which lengthens vowels, a tilde which nasalizes vowels, an acute accent and a caron. The reason the acute and caron lack concise descriptors is they don't have them. The acute, or special accent, is used in the following cases:
Should Ń be considered a letter, or stay just a modification?
Thanks for your thoughts
submitted by sdrawkcabsihtdaeru to conorthography [link] [comments]
Some context:
Zũm has five accent marks: a dot which geminates consonants, a macron or line which lengthens vowels, a tilde which nasalizes vowels, an acute accent and a caron. The reason the acute and caron lack concise descriptors is they don't have them. The acute, or special accent, is used in the following cases:
- Ć and Ź are considered separate stand alone letters in their own right, making the/ts/ and /dz/ sounds respectively. These accents are as intrinsic to the letters as the tittle of I and J
- Í is not a separate letter, rather a clarifying letter It is used in three contexts: the first is similar to the U used in French and Spanish to make a soft G into a hard one before an E or I. Í combines with L to make the LÍ digraph. L makes a /w/ and the end of syllables and a /ɣ/ at the onset. When a word-medial /ɣ/ comes at the end of a syllable, LÍ is used to show a silent I. It also represents a silent I in HÍ, as HI is a digraph which makes a /c/ sound. Lastly, it is used similar to a diarasis in French to distinguish Ul /wɪ/ from UÍ /u.ɪ/
- R followed by Ć, D, N, S, T, Z, or Ź makes those letters retroflexed. To indicate the rare instances when this is not the case, Ŕ is used. This letter is also not separate
- Ú and K are modified U and Y, in which they make /w/ and /j/ sounds, each followed by a schwa.
Should Ń be considered a letter, or stay just a modification?
Thanks for your thoughts
2024.04.25 06:23 sdrawkcabsihtdaeru Community input greatly appreciated
The Zũm alphabet (or abcić) recently increased from 27 to 28, and before I solidify the change, I'm wondering if it's best to make it 29.
Some context:
Zũm has five accent marks: a dot which geminates consonants, a macron or line which lengthens vowels, a tilde which nasalizes vowels, an acute accent and a caron. The reason the acute and caron lack concise descriptors is they don't have them.
The acute, or special accent, is used in the following cases:
Should Ń join the ranks of letters, or stay considered a modified form of N?
Thanks a bunch
submitted by sdrawkcabsihtdaeru to conlangscirclejerk [link] [comments]
Some context:
Zũm has five accent marks: a dot which geminates consonants, a macron or line which lengthens vowels, a tilde which nasalizes vowels, an acute accent and a caron. The reason the acute and caron lack concise descriptors is they don't have them.
The acute, or special accent, is used in the following cases:
- Ć and Ź are considered separate stand alone letters in their own right, making the /ts/ and /dz/ sounds respectively. These accents are as intrinsic to the letters as the tittle of I and J
- Í is not a separate letter, rather a clarifying letter. It is used in three contexts: the first is similar to the U used in French and Spanish to make a soft G into a hard one before an E or I. Í combines with L to make the LÍ digraph. L makes a /w/ and the end of syllables and a /ɣ/ at the onset. When a word-medial /ɣ/ comes at the end of a syllable, LÍ is used to show a silent I. It also represents a silent I in HÍ, as HI is a digraph which makes a /c/ sound. Lastly, it is used similar to a diaræsis in French to distinguish UI /wɪ/ from UÍ /u.ɪ/
- R followed by Ć, D, N, S, T, Z, or Ź makes those letters retroflexed. To indicate the rare instances when this is not the case, Ŕ is used. This letter is also not separate.
- Ú and Ý are modified U and Y, in which they make /w/ and /j/ sounds, each followed by a schwa.
Should Ń join the ranks of letters, or stay considered a modified form of N?
Thanks a bunch
2024.04.25 06:02 anny_t_ka Cracking the Grammar Code: Gamified Tactics for Mastering German Like a Boss
 | https://preview.redd.it/vwxyvx974ewc1.png?width=1920&format=png&auto=webp&s=5897eecd98f3f6d42f5fc5ecec968f31d94d3da7 submitted by anny_t_ka to voccent [link] [comments] Ah, German grammar — the looming, Frankensteinian beast that haunts the dreams of even the bravest language learners. With its daunting case systems, mind-boggling compound nouns, and delightfully tongue-twisting consonant clusters, getting a solid handle on the rules can feel more daunting than scaling the Matterhorn in lederhosen. But what if we told you there was a way to tame this frightening grammatic franken-monster? By harnessing the power of interactive, gamified learning strategies, you could potentially reprogram your brain to absorb and apply the intricacies of German grammar like a slick Teutonic machine. Now, we know what you’re thinking — how could something as humdrum as grammar drills ever be considered “fun”? But stick with me here. These aren’t your garden-variety fill-in-the-blank worksheets destined for the recycling bin. We’re talking full-blown immersive brain-training that hooks your competitive drive and transforms tenses into adrenaline-packed battles to the language victor’s podium. Digital Duels and Quest-Based ConjugationThanks to technology, innovative apps and online platforms are transforming esoteric grammar concepts into epic story-driven campaigns. You’ll find yourself leveling uprie, verb tables as you progress through German language quests. By personifying grammar rules as mythical characters or fierce opponents to be conquered, even the dreaded Akkusativ and Dativ cases take on an irresistible video game sheen.Better yet, many programs now integrate speech recognition, soarmed enemy figures on-screen will hurl gendered nouns at you to properly pluralize or identify the linguistic warriors lurking within compound word fortresses. Talk about immersive! Board Games That Let Nouns and Verbs MingleOn the flip side, plenty of old-school analog activities can still add some spice to textbook tedium. Board and card games offer clever physical mechanics for visualizing and internalizing syntax, article usage, gender agreements, and more.Envision verb math races where you blurt out perfectly conjugated forms while hurtling tokens around the board. Or collaborative card-based storytelling that incentivizes creativity while organically reinforcing vocabulary alongside grammar lessons. All happening amid raucous laughter and friendly trash-talking that ups the learning ante. https://preview.redd.it/bhn7d1z74ewc1.png?width=1920&format=png&auto=webp&s=c7ddb41f4b4a8a0da0e3691fa33a56b1357c5ac3 When Screen-Free Still Means InteractiveEven without digital frills or gamified bells-and-whistles, there are plenty of hands-on methods for getting your grammar groove on. Engaging classroom antics like drillithons — where students take turns verbally firing off grammar challenges — can harness peer competition and social dynamics for primo retention.Or get your inner theatrical flair on through tools like grammar songs and cheeky skits acted out with exaggerated emphases on proper noun cases and verb conjugations. The sillier and more ridiculous the scenario, the more those foundational grammar tenets will solidify. At the end of the day, injecting playfulness and immersive participation into the dreary process of grammar study accomplishes something truly magical — it goads your brain into processing linguistic patterns as familiar systems and symbols rather than ethereal academic constructs. Whether battling furry German mascots or clashing word warriors, those foundational grammar concepts become intuitive pieces of an irresistible gamified experience you’ll hungrily crave more of. So ditch the dusty textbook for tech-savvy adventures, physical challenges, or straight-up ludic linguistic lunacy. Treat your brain to those sweet, sweet grammar gratifications it didn’t even realize it craved. The more you make grammar acquisition feel like indulging in German Gesamt levels of fun and competition, the more hardwired those pesky rules and exceptions will become. And who knows — maybe with enough gamified grammar-geddon breakthroughs, you’ll find yourself actually looking forward to flexing those new hard-earned skills as you Anschluss to conversational mastery of this once-monstrous language. So, what gamified techniques have worked best for your personal language triumph quest so far? Or if you’re still seeking the ideal immersive grammar hack, what’s your preferred learning style — app gaming, tabletop theatrics, good old-fashioned grammar games and stories? We’re all ears for new tactics to try, so hit us with those interactive German grammar secrets in the comments! Read our blog on How to count in German |
2024.04.24 18:41 Opalescent_Lion I count vowels and consonants in words, and more
When I was in school I made multiple “worksheets” of numbers until I reach some thousands, 1,2,3…12,456; 12,457; etc and I know that I didn’t make any mistake, because I checked the series two or three times! ☺️. Also through my life (M46) I’ve found myself giving value to words: counting in my mind the vowels and consonants of words in a sentence, the vowels would have a value of one point and the consonants two points, the capital letters 2 points, and the small ones, 1 point, even accents (1 point) (in Spanish they are very common) and I sum it all and give a total final value to the word, then compare words, and I would repeat it in loop even in the same words. I also count, sometimes and without being a burden in my life, the squares or triangles or any pattern I find in the floors but not in my home, I do it in airports, or sidewalks in the streets, etc. or while I’m with a friend, I count whatever pattern calls my attention in their blouse or purse, etc.
Never put attention seriously in this. When I told my psychiatrist last month he just asked me how many minutes I did this and he didn’t show any further interest in giving me feedback.
Is this common in ADHD or is it something else and is not ADHD? I think it sounds OCD, but this doesn’t complicate my life or relationships, I move on when is necessary, it happens when my mind is free, bored or distracted, I do not think it or decide when to do it, it just happens.
Do someone find this relatable?
submitted by Opalescent_Lion to ADHD [link] [comments]
Never put attention seriously in this. When I told my psychiatrist last month he just asked me how many minutes I did this and he didn’t show any further interest in giving me feedback.
Is this common in ADHD or is it something else and is not ADHD? I think it sounds OCD, but this doesn’t complicate my life or relationships, I move on when is necessary, it happens when my mind is free, bored or distracted, I do not think it or decide when to do it, it just happens.
Do someone find this relatable?
2024.04.09 16:06 ElchanaNarayana Something I just made
Well, this "language" I am making is literally Russian, written in Latin, and is very much modified and may have extra letters.
Alphabet as follows:
Aa Bb Cc Čč Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Rr Šš Tt Þþ Uu Vv Yy Zz Žž
Non-native letters: Qq Ww Xx
Digraphs: Šč, Ju, Ja, Ji, Jo, Je
What do you think?
Correlation to Cyrillic:
Aa: Аа
Bb: Бб
Cc: Цц
Čč: Чч
Dd: Дд
Ee: Ээ (word-initially and after a vowel), Ее (after a consonant)
Ff: Фф
Gg: Гг
Hh: Хх
Ii: Ии or Іі
Jj: Йй or Ьь
Kk: Кк
Ll: Лл
Mm: Мм
Nn: Нн
Oo: Оо
Pp: Пп
Rr: Рр
Ss: Сс
Šš: Шш
Tt: Тт
Þþ: Ѳѳ
Uu: Уу
Vv: Вв
Yy: Ыы
Zz: Зз
Žž: Жж
Digraphs:
Šč: Щ
Ja: Я
Ji: Ьи or Йи (after vowels may also be и)
Ju: Ю
Je: Е (word-initially and after a vowel), Йе or Ье (otherwise)
Jo: Ё, Йо, or Ьо
submitted by ElchanaNarayana to conorthography [link] [comments]
Alphabet as follows:
Aa Bb Cc Čč Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Rr Šš Tt Þþ Uu Vv Yy Zz Žž
Non-native letters: Qq Ww Xx
Digraphs: Šč, Ju, Ja, Ji, Jo, Je
What do you think?
Correlation to Cyrillic:
Aa: Аа
Bb: Бб
Cc: Цц
Čč: Чч
Dd: Дд
Ee: Ээ (word-initially and after a vowel), Ее (after a consonant)
Ff: Фф
Gg: Гг
Hh: Хх
Ii: Ии or Іі
Jj: Йй or Ьь
Kk: Кк
Ll: Лл
Mm: Мм
Nn: Нн
Oo: Оо
Pp: Пп
Rr: Рр
Ss: Сс
Šš: Шш
Tt: Тт
Þþ: Ѳѳ
Uu: Уу
Vv: Вв
Yy: Ыы
Zz: Зз
Žž: Жж
Digraphs:
Šč: Щ
Ja: Я
Ji: Ьи or Йи (after vowels may also be и)
Ju: Ю
Je: Е (word-initially and after a vowel), Йе or Ье (otherwise)
Jo: Ё, Йо, or Ьо
2024.04.08 18:12 Ngdawa Guidence for grammar
I have, once again, started over with a new conlang. This time I am working on the grammar from the start, before I rush too far ahead and loose myself in the jungle of everything else in my creativeness.
Anyhow, I have for the moment 46 verbs, and I have grouped them into 7 groups with clear rules. The groups are "ti verbs", "di verbs", "ni verbs", "gi verbs", "wi verbs", "si verbs" and "wild verbs". All verbs are ending with a consonant (I think you can guess which ones) plus the vowel i. In the group "wild" verbs, the ending is something else. So far there's just one verb in the "wild" group, which ends in a vowel digraph, but I don't think - or hope - it will be many more, and there's no clear rules how to conjugate these verbs - therefore "wild" verbs.
My conlang is a Baltic language, and hopefully some Latvian, Lithuanian,Latgalian, and Samogitian speakers might be able to understand some of it. It could almost be called a fusion language, almost like Esperanto for Latin languages. :)
I do have a problem with grammatical cases. I always have trouble remembering what is accusative and what is dative, etc. But also, how many cases do you need? Both Latvian and Lithuanian has seven cases, but it feels too much. How many cases do you have in your conlang?
submitted by Ngdawa to conlangs [link] [comments]
Anyhow, I have for the moment 46 verbs, and I have grouped them into 7 groups with clear rules. The groups are "ti verbs", "di verbs", "ni verbs", "gi verbs", "wi verbs", "si verbs" and "wild verbs". All verbs are ending with a consonant (I think you can guess which ones) plus the vowel i. In the group "wild" verbs, the ending is something else. So far there's just one verb in the "wild" group, which ends in a vowel digraph, but I don't think - or hope - it will be many more, and there's no clear rules how to conjugate these verbs - therefore "wild" verbs.
My conlang is a Baltic language, and hopefully some Latvian, Lithuanian,Latgalian, and Samogitian speakers might be able to understand some of it. It could almost be called a fusion language, almost like Esperanto for Latin languages. :)
I do have a problem with grammatical cases. I always have trouble remembering what is accusative and what is dative, etc. But also, how many cases do you need? Both Latvian and Lithuanian has seven cases, but it feels too much. How many cases do you have in your conlang?
2024.04.07 01:33 gbrcalil A romanization for the katu alphabet, once again
 | I've been having fun making different romanizations for the katu alphabet lately, and I think it's nice to share some of them here. To be honest, I think it was actually easier to make a completely new alphabet than it was to make a romanization for it, since the latin alphabet is very inneficient and incomplete, and without a bunch of diacritics or digraphs it's impossible to make it somewhat decent. Nonetheless, I believe I have been able to make a really good one and I think you guys may like it. submitted by gbrcalil to conorthography [link] [comments] Every romanization has some eccentricities and it wouldn't be different with this one:
** although these are all represented by the same letter in the katu alphabet, in latin they change depending on the following consonant; "h", "i", "k", "q" and "u" go with "g"; "p", "b", "f", "v" and "w" go with "m"; and the rest of the consonants go with "n" *** if these vowels are preceded or followed by other vowels, they must carry a macron, otherwise they are interpreted as semivowels Katu alphabet (missing the word-final versions of [β], [k], [x], [ŋ], [ʔ], [ɻ] and [z] and the syllabic version of the vowels) SAMPLE 1: Orē ruw ywākypē tekoār, i moetēpyrämö nē rēră ttoikō. Ttoūr nē Heinŭ! Ttonhemonhag nē rēmimotāră ywypē ywākypē i nhemonhagă iāwē! Orē remīū, ārā iāwīonduāră, eimeeg kori orēwë, orē rerekōmemuanxāră xupē orē nhyrog iāwē. Orē moārukār umeg iepē tentāxaug pūpē, orē pyxyrontë iepē māeāīwă xūī. IPA TRANSCRIPTION 1: /ʔoˈɾɛ ɾuβ ʔɨvakɨˈpɛ tekoˈʔaɻ ʔi moʔetɛˈpɨrəmo nɛ ˈɾɛɾɐ tʔojˈkɔ tʔoˈʔuɻ nɛ ˈhejnu tʔoɲemoˈɲə̃ŋ nɛ ɾemimoˈtaɾɐ ʔɨvɨˈpɛ ʔɨvakɨˈpɛ ʔi ɲemoˈɲə̃ŋɐ jaˈvɛ ʔoˈɾɛ ɾemiˈʔu ʔaɾa javiʔõⁿˈdwaɾɐ ʔejmeˈʔẽŋ koˈɾi ʔoˈɾɛve ʔoˈɾɛ ɾeɾekɔmemwə̃ˈsaɾɐ suˈpɛ ʔoˈɾɛ ɲɨɾõŋ jaˈvɛ ʔoˈɾɛ moʔaɾuˈkaɻ ʔuˈmẽŋ jeˈpɛ tẽⁿtaˈsə̃w̃ puˈpɛ ʔoˈɾɛ pɨsɨˈɾõⁿte jeˈpɛ maʔeʔaˈʔivɐ suˈʔi/ SAMPLE 2: Ās ārmăs i us bāroins āxinālādŭs Ki dā Oxideintāu Prāiă Lūsitană, Pur mārĭs nugkă zhi anchĭs nāveqādŭs Pāxāräug āīndă āleig dā Tāprobană, Ig piriqŭs i qēhăs isforxādŭs, Māis dū ki promechīă ā forxă ūmană, I eintrĭ zeinchĭ hemōtă ezhifikāräug Nowŭ Heinŭ ki tantŭ sūwlhimāräug IPA TRANSCRIPTION 2: /az ˈaɻmɐz i uz baˈɾoj̃z asinaˈladus ki da osidẽj̃ˈtaw ˈpɾaja luziˈtə̃nɐ puɻ ˈmaɾiz ˈnũkɐ d͡ʒi ˈə̃t͡ʃiz naveˈgadus paˈsaɾə̃w̃ ˈaĩdɐ ˈalẽj̃ˈ da tapɾoˈbə̃nɐ ĩ piˈɾiguz i ˈgɛhaz isfoɻˈsadus majs du ki promeˈt͡ʃiɐ a ˈfoɻsɐ uˈmə̃nɐ i ˈẽj̃tɾi ˈʒẽj̃t͡ʃi heˈmɔtɐ ed͡ʒifiˈkaɾə̃w̃ ˈnovu ˈhejnu ki ˈtə̃tu suβʎiˈmaɾə̃w̃/ |
2024.04.02 04:53 DogsAndPickles Gifted programs MAKE ME PUKE!!
 | This right here. The kids who “don’t care” submitted by DogsAndPickles to StoriesForMyTherapist [link] [comments] Must be nice. Must be fucking nice sea turtle. I hope you’re out there being better than everyone because of your extra worksheets. I bet you look down on us. I bet you don’t even own overalls. You’re not gifted at all. C-TURTLE. |
2024.03.31 21:33 aniketvcool Asus pg27uq ... Repair or Replace?
 | As the the title says, this monitor has been causing trouble. I had purchased it in 2020 and in just three years, I had to repair the monitor as it stopped giving any display. Now, I am facing an issue again... The top left corner has a dark shadow on it. submitted by aniketvcool to pcmasterrace [link] [comments] Should I keep on repairing this or get a new monitor like the Samsung Neo G8 32 inch? |
2024.03.31 03:03 ih8plants Privacy glass vs thermal/noise insulated glass
 | Hey, I'm trying to find a Cayenne and one of my must-haves is the thermal and noise insulated glass... which is proving to be a struggle. Dealer is telling me this car has what I'm looking for, but the specs sheet lists it as "privacy glass", is this the same thing, or is that just a basic window tint option? Thanks in advance submitted by ih8plants to Porsche [link] [comments] |
2024.03.28 16:45 shu975 NOTHING is working! What can I try?
This is my 5th year teaching biology. By this point in my career, I feel like I have established a pretty good routine and collection of activities that work. My school is block, so I have to finish chapters in 1-2 weeks to fufill all the standards. It's very rushed. Students have to have learned everything in about 3 2/3 months to take a standardized test.
For a typical chapter, they do: an EdPuzzle the day before we start a new chapter, about 2-4 days of lecture with guided notes for about 30 minutes each day, a couple worksheets (coloring, review, labeling diagrams, etc), 2-4 MC practice quizzes, sometimes a reading on CK-12, POGIL, 1 lab, and a study guide they usually complete 5 questions per night. I also post a lot of study resources like Quizizz, Kahoot, etc. Nothing is working for my current group, and this has never happened before. They're scoring lower than all my other groups, and they hate everything we do! It's too boring, they can't learn from fill in the blank notes (though many do say the notes & study guide are the most helpful things we do), the work is too hard (especially POGILs), or they just simply can't engage in the activities and just try to copy off other people or let group members take the lead.
I need some new ideas to try with them. The biggest issues are I don't have enough time and many of them have negative or disinterested attitudes towards ANYTHING we do.
submitted by shu975 to ScienceTeachers [link] [comments]
For a typical chapter, they do: an EdPuzzle the day before we start a new chapter, about 2-4 days of lecture with guided notes for about 30 minutes each day, a couple worksheets (coloring, review, labeling diagrams, etc), 2-4 MC practice quizzes, sometimes a reading on CK-12, POGIL, 1 lab, and a study guide they usually complete 5 questions per night. I also post a lot of study resources like Quizizz, Kahoot, etc. Nothing is working for my current group, and this has never happened before. They're scoring lower than all my other groups, and they hate everything we do! It's too boring, they can't learn from fill in the blank notes (though many do say the notes & study guide are the most helpful things we do), the work is too hard (especially POGILs), or they just simply can't engage in the activities and just try to copy off other people or let group members take the lead.
I need some new ideas to try with them. The biggest issues are I don't have enough time and many of them have negative or disinterested attitudes towards ANYTHING we do.
2024.03.27 03:15 ariana_the_baddie Conlang Showcase: CESQUE
Cesque (césche) is an Occitano-Romance language I constructed to be a sister language to Occitan and Catalan. I created it as part of an alternate history timeline where it is the native language of the fictional country of Ceyesca (Céllésca). It is essentially an early offshoot of Old Occitan with moderate to large influences from Frankish, Lombardic, French, Gallo-Italic, Italian, Catalan, and Occitan. In this alternate timeline, Cesque emerged around the 800s AD and went through several stages (Old Cesque, Middle Cesque) before reaching Modern Cesque.
Alphabet
Aa Bb Cc Çç Dd Ee Éé Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
Vowel IPA: /a/ /aː/, /ɛ/ /ɛː/, /e/ /eː/, /ə/, /i/ /iː/, /o/ /oː/, /ɔ/ /ɔː/, /uː/
Consonant IPA: b /b/, c /k/ /s/, ç /ʃ/, d /d/, f /f/, g /g/ /dʒ/, h /h/, j /ʒ/, k /k/, l /l/, k /k/ l /l/, m /m/, n /n/, p /p/, q /k/, r /, s /s/ /z/, t /t/, v /v/, w /w/, x /x/ /tʃ/, y /j/, z /ts/ /dz/
Digraphs and trigraphs IPA: ai /aj/, au /aʊ/, cc /ts/ /ks/, ci/e/é /s/, ch /k/, di /dʒ/, eu /eʊ/, éu /ɛʊ/, gi/é /dʒ/, ge /ʒ/, gu /g/ /gʊ/, iau /jaʊ/, ieu /jeʊ/, iéu /jɛʊ/, ll /ʎ/, nh /ɲ/, ph /f/, qu /kw/, ti /tʃ/, ue /ʊe/, ué /ʊɛ/, ui /ʊi/, uo /ʊo/ /ʊɔ/
Cesque Occitan Catalan English
çantar c(h)antar cantar to sing
çabra c(h)abra cabra goat
cléu clau clau key
eglésia (e)glèsia església church
formagé formatge formatge cheese
lingua leng(u)a llengua language/tongue
noxe nuèch nit night
placia plaça plaça place
ponte pont pont bridge
une, una un, una un, una one
dus, duas dos, doas dos, dues two
tronc tronc tronc trunk
llé ieu jo I
féulle fuèlha fulla leaf
Cesque: Alloré, tut lla térre parlava una sula lingua et usava lles metéis parauls. Deméntre, quan ll’homés migravan a ll’oriénte, trovan una campanhe dens lla térre di Babylon et alla s’éstabliron. Élles coménciéron a disér une a ll’autre, “Vénit, che fassam briches et lléu durém vequi foc”. Et élles usavan briches per peires et bétum per ciment. Alloré diséron, “Vénit, che nos bastiscam une ciutat et una torre di che su cime aténhét lles ciel. Fassam per nos une bon nome, perche n’estém dispérsits sur tut lla térre”. Mei lle Diéu déssendét per vér aquésta ciutat et aquésta torre che bastissivan ll’homés. Et lle Diéu disét, ‘Véi, lle pobél é giunte et tut parlan lla metéis lingua. Depuéi aquéste, podon fasér cualche vulan! Vénit, che déssendam et confundam sus lingua, per che ni une ni ll’autre comprendé.’ Assi, lle Diéu ha lléu dispérsit d’ichi sur tut lla térre, et céssaron di bastir sus ciutat. Aquéste é pérche aquélle lloc é nommat Babel, perche alla é dunt lle Diéu confundé aquélles pobéls vequi una divérsa lingua. Dens aquéste faisson, lle Diéu ha lléu dispérsit sur tut lla térre.
IPA: [aʎɔːrɛ tut‿ʃjɑ tɛre parlaːva una sula liŋʊga et‿usaːva ʎe metɛjs paraʊls demɛːntrə kwan ʎɔmeːs migraːvan a‿ʎorijɛntə truvan una campaɲə dens ʎa tɛre di babilɔːn et‿aʎa s‿ɛstabliːrɔn ɛjs kɔmensjɛːrɔn a dizɛr un‿a‿ʎɑʊtrə vɛnit ke fasaːm brikəs et‿ʃjeʊ durɛːm vekwi fɔk et‿ɛjs usaːvan brikəs per peːjrəs et bɛːtum per siment aʎɔːrɛ dizɛron vɛnit ke nus bastiskaːm una sjutat et una ture di ke su siːmə ateɲɛt ʎe‿sjel fasaːm per nus unə bon‿nɔːmə perke n‿estɛːm dispɛrsits sur tut‿ʃjɑ tɛre. mej ʎe dʒjɛʊ dɛsendɛːt per vɛr akwɛsta sjutat et akwɛsta ture ke bastisiːvan ʎɔmeːs et‿ʃje‿dʒjɛʊ dizɛt vɛj ʎe pobɛl ɛ dʒunt‿e‿tut parlaːn ʎa metɛjs liŋʊga depʊɛj akwɛstə pudon fazɛr kwalke vulaːn vɛnit ke dɛsendaːm et kɔnfundaːm sus liŋʊga per ke ni‿unə ni‿ʎɑʊtrə kɔmprendɛː asi ʎe dʒjɛʊ ha ʎeʊ dispɛrsit diːki sur tut‿ʃjɑ tɛre et sɛsaːron di bastir sus‿sjutat akwɛst‿ɛ pɛːrke akwɛ‿ʎɔk‿ɛ nɔmat babel perke aʎa ɛ dunt‿ʃje dʒjɛʊ kɔnfundɛː akwɛjs pobɛls vekwi una divɛrsa liŋʊga dens akwɛstə fajsɔːn ʎe dʒjɛʊ ha ʎeʊ dispɛrsit sur tut‿ʃjɑ tɛre]
submitted by ariana_the_baddie to conlangs [link] [comments]
Orthography
Cesque uses the Latin alphabet, although with slight modifications to fit certain phonemes. These include Éé and Çç as distinct letters. Cesque also uses digraphs extensively, with some including Ll /ʎ/ and Nh /ɲ/. Certain letters, such as Kk and Ww, are rarely if ever used as they are exclusively found in loanwords.Alphabet
Aa Bb Cc Çç Dd Ee Éé Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
Vowel IPA: /a/ /aː/, /ɛ/ /ɛː/, /e/ /eː/, /ə/, /i/ /iː/, /o/ /oː/, /ɔ/ /ɔː/, /uː/
Consonant IPA: b /b/, c /k/ /s/, ç /ʃ/, d /d/, f /f/, g /g/ /dʒ/, h /h/, j /ʒ/, k /k/, l /l/, k /k/ l /l/, m /m/, n /n/, p /p/, q /k/, r /, s /s/ /z/, t /t/, v /v/, w /w/, x /x/ /tʃ/, y /j/, z /ts/ /dz/
Digraphs and trigraphs IPA: ai /aj/, au /aʊ/, cc /ts/ /ks/, ci/e/é /s/, ch /k/, di /dʒ/, eu /eʊ/, éu /ɛʊ/, gi/é /dʒ/, ge /ʒ/, gu /g/ /gʊ/, iau /jaʊ/, ieu /jeʊ/, iéu /jɛʊ/, ll /ʎ/, nh /ɲ/, ph /f/, qu /kw/, ti /tʃ/, ue /ʊe/, ué /ʊɛ/, ui /ʊi/, uo /ʊo/ /ʊɔ/
Vocabulary
The vocabulary of Cesque is largely made up of Romance words due to its descent from Latin. However, there are is a significant amount of Germanic loanwords borrowed during the Germanic invasions following the fall of Western Rome (ex. guante, "cheek"). There is also a very, very small amount of Arabic loanwords that entered via Spanish and Italian (ex. axarçufe, "artichoke"). French, Italian, and Greek loanwords are also present in moderate amounts, and English loanwords are becoming increasingly more popular.Cesque Occitan Catalan English
çantar c(h)antar cantar to sing
çabra c(h)abra cabra goat
cléu clau clau key
eglésia (e)glèsia església church
formagé formatge formatge cheese
lingua leng(u)a llengua language/tongue
noxe nuèch nit night
placia plaça plaça place
ponte pont pont bridge
une, una un, una un, una one
dus, duas dos, doas dos, dues two
tronc tronc tronc trunk
llé ieu jo I
féulle fuèlha fulla leaf
Excerpt ("The Tower of Babel")
English: At that time, the whole earth spoke one language and used the same words. Meanwhile, as people migrated from the east, they found a plain in the land of Babylon and settled there. They began to say to one another, "Come, let us make bricks and bake them with fire." And they used bricks for stones and bitumen for mortar. At that time they said, "Come, let us build ourselves a city and a tower whose top reaches the heavens. We will make a name for ourselves, lest we be scattered over the entire earth." Then the Lord descended to see the city and the tower that the people were building. And the Lord said, "Behold, the people are united, and they all speak the same language. After this, they will be able to accomplish whatever they desire! Come, let us go down and confuse their language, so that one will not understand another." Thus the Lord dispersed them from there over the whole earth, and they ceased building the city. That is why that place is called Babel, because it was there that the Lord confused the people with different languages. In this way, the Lord scattered them over the whole earth.Cesque: Alloré, tut lla térre parlava una sula lingua et usava lles metéis parauls. Deméntre, quan ll’homés migravan a ll’oriénte, trovan una campanhe dens lla térre di Babylon et alla s’éstabliron. Élles coménciéron a disér une a ll’autre, “Vénit, che fassam briches et lléu durém vequi foc”. Et élles usavan briches per peires et bétum per ciment. Alloré diséron, “Vénit, che nos bastiscam une ciutat et una torre di che su cime aténhét lles ciel. Fassam per nos une bon nome, perche n’estém dispérsits sur tut lla térre”. Mei lle Diéu déssendét per vér aquésta ciutat et aquésta torre che bastissivan ll’homés. Et lle Diéu disét, ‘Véi, lle pobél é giunte et tut parlan lla metéis lingua. Depuéi aquéste, podon fasér cualche vulan! Vénit, che déssendam et confundam sus lingua, per che ni une ni ll’autre comprendé.’ Assi, lle Diéu ha lléu dispérsit d’ichi sur tut lla térre, et céssaron di bastir sus ciutat. Aquéste é pérche aquélle lloc é nommat Babel, perche alla é dunt lle Diéu confundé aquélles pobéls vequi una divérsa lingua. Dens aquéste faisson, lle Diéu ha lléu dispérsit sur tut lla térre.
IPA: [aʎɔːrɛ tut‿ʃjɑ tɛre parlaːva una sula liŋʊga et‿usaːva ʎe metɛjs paraʊls demɛːntrə kwan ʎɔmeːs migraːvan a‿ʎorijɛntə truvan una campaɲə dens ʎa tɛre di babilɔːn et‿aʎa s‿ɛstabliːrɔn ɛjs kɔmensjɛːrɔn a dizɛr un‿a‿ʎɑʊtrə vɛnit ke fasaːm brikəs et‿ʃjeʊ durɛːm vekwi fɔk et‿ɛjs usaːvan brikəs per peːjrəs et bɛːtum per siment aʎɔːrɛ dizɛron vɛnit ke nus bastiskaːm una sjutat et una ture di ke su siːmə ateɲɛt ʎe‿sjel fasaːm per nus unə bon‿nɔːmə perke n‿estɛːm dispɛrsits sur tut‿ʃjɑ tɛre. mej ʎe dʒjɛʊ dɛsendɛːt per vɛr akwɛsta sjutat et akwɛsta ture ke bastisiːvan ʎɔmeːs et‿ʃje‿dʒjɛʊ dizɛt vɛj ʎe pobɛl ɛ dʒunt‿e‿tut parlaːn ʎa metɛjs liŋʊga depʊɛj akwɛstə pudon fazɛr kwalke vulaːn vɛnit ke dɛsendaːm et kɔnfundaːm sus liŋʊga per ke ni‿unə ni‿ʎɑʊtrə kɔmprendɛː asi ʎe dʒjɛʊ ha ʎeʊ dispɛrsit diːki sur tut‿ʃjɑ tɛre et sɛsaːron di bastir sus‿sjutat akwɛst‿ɛ pɛːrke akwɛ‿ʎɔk‿ɛ nɔmat babel perke aʎa ɛ dunt‿ʃje dʒjɛʊ kɔnfundɛː akwɛjs pobɛls vekwi una divɛrsa liŋʊga dens akwɛstə fajsɔːn ʎe dʒjɛʊ ha ʎeʊ dispɛrsit sur tut‿ʃjɑ tɛre]
2024.03.23 03:19 GarlicRoyal7545 Which Letters, Diacritics, Digraphs, etc... just hurt You?
Thought i would ask again after a long Time. Anyways, What Letters, Diacritics, Digraphs, etc... and/or Letters/Diacritics for Phonemes just are a Pain in your Eyes?
Here are some Examples:
So what would you never do? i'll begin: For me, is [j]! I know especially western-european Languages have their Reasons & Sound-Changes that led to [ʒ], [d͡ʒ], [x], etc..., maybe it's just that my native Language always uses for [j].
Also i'm not saying that these Languages & Conlangers are Stupid that do this Examples, but you wouldn't see me doing that in my Conlangs.
submitted by GarlicRoyal7545 to conlangs [link] [comments]
Here are some Examples:
- using an macron for stressing
- using an gravis (on Consonants) for velarization
- using
for [ŋ]
- using an acute for anything other than Palatalization, Vowel-Length or Stress
- Ambigous letters like
& in romance Languages for /d͡z/ - Using Currency-Signs (No joke! look at 1993-1999 Türkmen's latin Orthography)
- Having one letter and one Digraph doing the same job (e.g.: Russian's <сч> & <щ>)
- Using Numbers 123
- And many more...
So what would you never do? i'll begin: For me,
Also i'm not saying that these Languages & Conlangers are Stupid that do this Examples, but you wouldn't see me doing that in my Conlangs.
2024.03.22 03:40 Pitfull_One Efficient Eŋliŝ
Hi this is my first post here so I'm open to feedback. I made an alternate way of writing English called Efficient Eŋliŝ or digrafleß Eŋliŝ and I think this is the right subreddit to post it on? The premise is to take almost all of English's digraphs and write them using a single letter, as follows, the first character is my preferred. All others are alternates If you can't type a character easily.
þ or đ is for “th”
ŝ is for “sh”
ĉ is for “ch”
q is for “qu”
ŵ is for “wh”
ŋ or ñ is for “ng”
ô is for “ou” or “ow”
f is for “ph”
k is for “ck”
ł is for “ll”
ß is for “ss”
m is for “mm”
ȝ or ĝ is for “gh”
(These changes would only apply if it would replace an actual digraph, so something like the “th” in “hothouse” would be untouched.)
replace “e” at the end of a word with ('). “el” to ('l), “er” to ('r), and “ed” to ('d), but not at the beginnings of words. idea from Nova_Persona
I write these characters using the danish keyboard which can easily type all of them except, sadly, for yogh.
Updated Example text:
þ' qik brôn fox jumps ov'r þ' lazy dog.
ał human beiŋs ar' born fre' and eqal in dignity and riȝts. þey ar' endô'd wiþ reason and conscienc' and ŝôld act towards on' anoþ'r in a spirit of broþ'rhood.
yô must be þ' ĉang' yô wiŝ to se' in þ' world.
a rołiŋ ston' gaþ'rs no moß
Fe'dbak/constructiv' criticism w'lcom'!
Update: After much deliberation I’ve decided to just make “ô” optional. I have another project called “The Canadian English vowel reform” and my intention was always to use both of these orthography projects simultaneously to write stuff. So, I will make “ô” optional here and move it over there permanently. I want to thank all of the people down in the comments for your help, and a shoutout to Nova_Persona . Thank you.
submitted by Pitfull_One to conorthography [link] [comments]
þ or đ is for “th”
ŝ is for “sh”
ĉ is for “ch”
q is for “qu”
ŵ is for “wh”
ŋ or ñ is for “ng”
ô is for “ou” or “ow”
f is for “ph”
k is for “ck”
ł is for “ll”
ß is for “ss”
m is for “mm”
ȝ or ĝ is for “gh”
(These changes would only apply if it would replace an actual digraph, so something like the “th” in “hothouse” would be untouched.)
replace “e” at the end of a word with ('). “el” to ('l), “er” to ('r), and “ed” to ('d), but not at the beginnings of words. idea from Nova_Persona
I write these characters using the danish keyboard which can easily type all of them except, sadly, for yogh.
Updated Example text:
þ' qik brôn fox jumps ov'r þ' lazy dog.
ał human beiŋs ar' born fre' and eqal in dignity and riȝts. þey ar' endô'd wiþ reason and conscienc' and ŝôld act towards on' anoþ'r in a spirit of broþ'rhood.
yô must be þ' ĉang' yô wiŝ to se' in þ' world.
a rołiŋ ston' gaþ'rs no moß
Fe'dbak/constructiv' criticism w'lcom'!
Update: After much deliberation I’ve decided to just make “ô” optional. I have another project called “The Canadian English vowel reform” and my intention was always to use both of these orthography projects simultaneously to write stuff. So, I will make “ô” optional here and move it over there permanently. I want to thank all of the people down in the comments for your help, and a shoutout to Nova_Persona . Thank you.