Mts travel crete
Crete
2012.07.12 01:40 fateswarm Crete
For everything about Crete, the Greek island in the Mediterranean. Chania, Rethymno, Heraklio and Lasithi.
2024.05.15 14:29 Sufficient-Bus-8030 So what is the general consensus for Mindflayers and souls?
https://preview.redd.it/qu622l9szk0d1.png?width=1271&format=png&auto=webp&s=88b92162ebda42b5900c3fd1676d9d150c1cea3c Withers informs us that souls are lost when the humanoid turns into a Mindflayer. Does this mean Karlach is no more Karlach when she turns into a Mindflayer? Emperor is revealed to be originally Balduran, the founder of Baldur's Gate. But on a letter he admits that he kept most of his memories after ceremorphosis because he had a strong personality.
Seems like the classis Ship of Theseus thought experiment. Athenians maintained repaired the ship that king Theseus used to travel to Crete and slay the Minotaur. After hundreds of years., if each individual piece of the ship was replaced one after the other, is it the same ship? When did it stop being the Ship of Theseus?
Withers recognizes Karlach (or the player if they became a mindflayer). Karlach herself talks after 6 months like she is the same person-just being a mindflayer now. She also understands the need to be fed...brains but she makes a deal with a local nurse or something, to only eat brains of people about to die so that they can be assimilated to her mind (i got Elder Brain vibes from this). The Emperor shows sentimentality for anything having to do with his previous life. Elfsong tavern for example, or talking about Ansur (who maybe was more than a friend according to some notes). Can't imagine what Ansur and Emperor's children would look like if they hadn't drifted apart...
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2024.05.15 12:58 Alt-Ebbola-719 Beach destinations, hidden gems
Hi,
M28 traveling alone last week of July. I have previously enjoyed the French Riviera (Cannes, St tropez), parts of Italy, Corsica, Crete. Something I enjoyed about the latter two was that you could find “luxurious” beach restaurants with parasols and beach-beds with great service, some pulse, but without the hefty price tags that come with Cannes, Mykonos, etc. I’m looking for a new destination that has this luxurious feel, a little pulse if I want to have a drink, aesthetic surroundings, good food… But a less exploited and more suitable for traveling alone rather than in a group. Any help is appreciated!
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2024.05.15 12:26 NotWorkingBecouseOf First time traveling alone, thinking about Greece, Crete, any recommendations and tips with my itinerary for what to do, see or/and stay?
Hello! I am thinking about booking a trip to Greece, mor specifically the island of Crete. This would be my first time traveling alone, and first time traveling since 2018/2019. I am thinking about going in late May till the beginning of June. Either that or maybe around a week or two into June. This year, and yes, quite short notice.
Due to school, I would only be able to stay for about a week. So, does anyone have any recommendations on things to do, and where to stay (what town for example)? I would prefer to stay in a smaller “town/place”, somewhere a bit quieter. So maybe somewhere like Gerani? (ive been there before). or agia marina.
This trip/vacation would be more of a “relax and chill” type of trip, where id spend a lot of time relaxing, next to a pool or on the beach. But I would still want to go out, see, try and do things!
Ive heard that Preveli Palm Forest, Elafonissi beach, Balos beach, and Samaria Gorge are a few of many beautiful things/places you should see. But if anyone have any other places and/or things that you recommend someone do/see please let me know!
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2024.05.15 07:06 spurs_uclchamps2025 Going from Bodrum to Crete (or elsewhere?)
Three of my friends and I (mid-20s guys) have 8 days to spend in Greece in August and are deciding where we should go. We had thought about doing 5 days in Crete and 3 in Athens, but we now realize it’s harder to get from Bodrum to Crete than we thought and were now also considering other islands.
- What island (s) would you recommend we go to? We’re going to be in Istanbul, Bodrum, and Athens, so ideally somewhere that offers something those places don’t. Definitely a plus if we can get there easily from Bodrum, but it seems like we might have to fly to Athens and then ferry/fly from there.
For context, we’re all pretty nerdy guys interested more in cultural activities (history, vineyards, food, etc.) than partying and beaches but definitely not opposed to that. Besides Crete, we’re considering Rhodes, Paros, Naxos, Milos, Hydra, Sifnos, and Corfu.
- How would you recommend we travel from Bodrum to whichever island we choose and then from there to Athens?
- How much time should we spend on the island we choose vs. spend in Athens?
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2024.05.15 02:03 fayrob40 What road is this?
| Anyone know what North/South road this is with the church this is? We were traveling from Rethymno to southern Crete. submitted by fayrob40 to crete [link] [comments] |
2024.05.14 21:55 Agreeable_Income3763 Celestyal Cruises – Unbeatable Deals on 2025 Cruises!
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2024.05.14 15:53 charlotte095 Honeymoon Itinerary Suggestions!
My husband and I leave for our honeymoon next Thursday! We have several activities already booked. I am looking for feedback on our "open" days. Thank you so much, this sub has been so helpful!!
Day 1: Arrive in Athens. Acropolis tour, dinner
Day 2: Ferry to Paros, staying in Naoussa. Dinner in town
Day 3: Boat charter to Antiparos, Despotiko, Panteronisia
Day 4: Open. Thinking of renting an ATV/other personal travel vehicle to explore the island. Parikia for shopping/lunch, Lefkes, Golden beach? Lageri beach? Open to suggestions!
Day 5: Ferry to Santorini. Staying in Oia
Day 6: Open. Really at a loss of what to do here. Possibly do the hike to Fira? Amoudi bay day trip?
Day 7: Santorini wine tour. Afternoon is wide open!
Day 8: Depart late afternoon to Crete, staying in Elounda and renting a car
Day 9: Open. Thinking of driving to Knossos palace, and stopping at Psychro cave on the way back? Lunch in Mochlos?
Day 10: Open. Completely unsure about this day! We will probably spend the late afternoon at the hotel for a spa treatment and a late dinner
Day 11. Depart Crete back to US
Open to all suggestions! Thank you so much!!
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2024.05.14 00:00 ClaimSalt1697 A MASTER LIST of real world tie-ins to ACOTAR: Part 2—World Map, Items, Terms & Other ✨🌙
-----------------
⚠️ WARNING: Maasverse Spoilers—Proceed with Caution ⚠️
-----------------
Part 1: Characters and Courts Part 2: World Map, Items, Terms & Other -
YOU ARE HERE -----------------
If this is the first post you've landed on, see Part 1 above for an introductory explanation to this two part post.
https://preview.redd.it/tblspn7am90d1.png?width=832&format=png&auto=webp&s=0e1c5d11b53736e3ac49b29e6734dba821f44e4e UK + IRELAND
PRYTHIAN A combination of Prydain, the old Welsh name for Britain, and Brython, which translates to “Ancient Britons” from Welsh.
HYBERN A riff of Hibernia, the Classical Latin name for Ireland.
Artist of Prythian map: P-dulcis on redbubble ADDITIONAL EUROPEAN-PARALLEL LOCATIONS
ILLYRIA The Ancient Greeks used the term Illyria to define a region in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula. The numerous peoples who populated those areas were known collectively as the Illyrians. The region itself is quite mountainous.
THE MIDDLE May refer to the Midlands, the central part of England, though geographically the Prythian map places the Middle central to Prythian, not central to England; with the Prythian inclusion of Scotland, the Middle on Prythian maps is located further north than the actual Midlands of England.
UNDER THE MOUNTAIN A potential nod to the Schiehallion, a cone-shaped mountain often referred to as the center of Scotland. It's name comes from the Gaelic Sìth Chailleann, meaning "fairy hill of the Caledonians." On the southwestern side of the mountain is said to lie the well-concealed Uamh Tom a' Mhòr-fhir, a cave serving as an entrance to the underworld.
Note: As the Schiehallion lies in the middle of Scotland (the Night Court) and not the middle of mainland UK (Prythian), the Sciehallion could instead be representative of Ramiel.
THE WESTERN ISLES May refer to the Outer Hebrides, also known as the Western Isles, which is an island chain off the west coast of mainland Scotland. They are also sometimes known as Innse Gall, a Gaelic term meaning "islands of the foreigners/strangers" which was originally used by mainland Highlanders when the islands were ruled by the Norse.
ACOTAR role: The Prison is located in the Western Isles.
THE PRISON Though located in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland rather than the Outer, the Prison may be a nod to Beinn Shiantaidh, which is Scottish Gaelic for "holy mountain." It is located on the western side of the Island of Jura and is the second highest peak of the Paps of Jura.
Fun fact: Pap is of Old Norse origin and means breast.
VALLAHAN Valhalla is the hall of slain warriors in Norse mythology, located in Asgard, where those who die in combat live in peace under the leadership of the god, Odin. They are said to dwell in Valhalla until the events of Ragnarök, where they will then march out to fight in aid of Odin against the jötnar, a type of being in Germanic mythology.
ACOTAR role: A faerie territory located in the northwest portion of the Continent.
ADRIATA The Adriatic Sea is located in Southern Europe and separates the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula. It contains more than 1,300 islands.
BOG OF OORID The Oorid Lough is a freshwater lake in the west of Ireland.
CRETEA Crete is the largest and southernmost island in Greece.
ACOTAR role: Where Miryam and Drakon's people lived following the War.
LAPPLUND Lapland is a geographic region in Northern Fennoscandia which covers much of the Nordic countries. It is also a province of Sweden and the largest region of Finland.
ACOTAR role: Where the Cauldron was hidden.
ITICA Ithaca is an island featured in the Odyssey and was the island home of Odysseus. It is also a real island in Greece. The Kathara Monastery is located in Ithaca.
ACOTAR role: Itica is one of three temples where the feet of the Cauldron were hidden.
MONTESERE Montserrat is a mountain range near Barcelona.
ACOTAR role: Montesere is a fae territory located in the Continent's NW and is considered generally wealthy. They allied with the loyalists in the War.
RAVENNIA Ravenna is located in Northern Italy and was the capital of the Western Roman Empire.
ACOTAR role: Ravenna is a fae territory on the Continent and allied with the Loyalists during the War.
DUNMERE Dunmere is a hamlet in Cornwall, England.
ACOTAR role: Dunmere is a town located within the Night Court, between Velaris and the sea.
NEVA The Neva is the fourth-largest river in Europe and is located in northwestern Russia.
ACOTAR role: One of the largest human cities on the Continent and is where the Archeron sisters' father travels to trade.
SCYTHIA The Scythians were an ancient Eastern Iranic equestrian nomadic people who migrated from Central Asia to the steppes of modern-day Ukraine and Southern Russia.
ACOTAR role: One of the territories of the human lands on the Continent, ruled by Queen Vassa. They are said to be a horse loving people.
ROSEHALL Rosehall is the name of a remote hamlet in the Scottish Highlands.
Fun fact: The 2nd Duke of Westminster acquired the Rosehall estate and his mistress at the time, Coco Chanel, redecorated the interior to her own liking. Winston Churchill, a close friend of the Duke, also visited the estate.
ACOTAR role: Mentioned in ACOFAS and is theorized to be the place where Azriel's mother resides.
AFRICA-PARALLEL LOCATIONS
THE BLACK LAND Black Land translates from Kemet, a popular ancient name for Egypt, which is derived from the color of the fertile black soil along the cultivated area of the Nile valley.
ACOTAR role: A region of the continent where human slaves were ruled over by a High Fae queen. Miryam and Drakon joined the mortals in the War and freed Miryam's people by crossing the desert and eventually the sea.
THE ERYTHRIAN SEA The Erythraean Sea, originally an Ancient Greek geographical designation, has been used as a name for the Red Sea which lies between Africa and Asia.
ACOTAR role: Drakon used his magic to split the Erythian Sea.
ASIA-PARALLEL LOCATIONS
XIAN Xi'an is the the most populous city in Northwest China snd the second most popular tourist destination in China.
ACOTAR role: A Fae territory on the Continent that allied with the Loyalists during the War. A large majority of the Dawn Court is made of Fae from Xian, including Thesan's mother. Feyre remarks that Amren may have molded her mortal body after their peoples.
BHARAT Bhārat is one of the two principal official short names for the Republic of India.
ACOTAR role: The Archerons lost their fortune when their father's ships sank on the way to Bharat.
RASK May refer to Rask, a city in Iran, that serves as both capital of its county and district.
ACOTAR role: A Fae territory on the Continent and allied with the Loyalists during the War.
ADDITIONAL LOCATIONS
VELARIS Possibly derived from the Latin vēlo, meaning "to veil, cover, wrap" along with "to hide, conceal" and "to clothe in." Could also derive from the Latin vēlum, meaning "to veil, curtain" and also indicates a tarpaulin acting as cover for outdoor spaces.
THE WALL No singular reference, but the presence of a wall separating one race from another, often humans from mythical beings, is rife throughout history, mythology, and fantasy.
One from each category that has loose ties to ACOTAR: (1) Hadrian's Wall, ie the Roman Wall, a defensive fortification of the Roman province of Britannia. It spanned from coast to coast, cutting across the entire width of Northern England. (2) In Norse mythology, the Master Builder asking for the hand of the goddess Freyja as payment for constructing a wall around Asgard to defend the gods. (3) The English village of Wall in Neil Gaiman's Stardust, named after the wall separating the land of Faerie from the mortal realm, highly guarded and cautioned against for mortals seeking to pass through.
THE MOONSTONE PALACE Romans linked moonstone to the moon goddess Diana (goddess of wild animals and the hunt) and Ancient Greeks linked it to their lunar deities Artemis, Hecate, and Selene.
SIDRA RIVER Sidra is a name of Latin origin and means "Goddess of the stars" or "like a star."
RAMIEL Ramiel is a fallen Watcher, a type of Biblical angel, one of the 20 Watchers that rebelled against God by mating with mortal women, therefore creating the Nephilim (Shadowhunters, anyone?). Ramiel means "God has thundered." Ramiel is sometimes conflated with Remiel, also known as Jeremiel, meaning "God shall have mercy," as is listed as one of the seven Holy Angels. He is the archangel of hope and is responsible for divine visions and guiding the souls of the faithful into Heaven.
POOL OF STARLIGHT No plausible connection found, though there is a famous pool in Greek mythology—a pool Mnemosyne presided over in Hades, counterpart to the river Lethe. Dead souls would drink from Lethe to wipe their past lives from remembrance when reincarnated. Those who drank from Mnemosyne's pool remembered and halted their transmigration of the soul.
ATHELWOOD Ethel (also aethel) is an Old English word meaning "noble." Athelwood can mean "noblewood."
ACOTAR role: Morrigan's estate located in the Night Court.
GOLLIAN MOUNTAINS Göll is one of the named Valkyries from Norse mythology. Her name means "tumult," or "noise, battle."
ACOTAR role: Where the Valkyries were slain during the War.
MYRMIDONS In Ancient Greek mythology, the Myrmidons were an Ancient Greek tribe. In the Iliad, they are the soldiers commanded by Achilles. Myrmidon has also come to mean "a follower or subordinate of a powerful person, typically one who is unscrupulous or carries out orders unquestioningly."
ACOTAR role: A set of mountains serving as the border between the Day Court and the Night Court from which the Illyrians migrated.
CESERA No direct reference found, but may allude to Caesarea, the name of numerous cities and locations throughout the Roman Empire.
ACOTAR role: One of three temples where the feet of the Cauldron were hidden.
SANGRAVAH No direct reference found (and I lost my mind searching for one). Closest I came to was the similarly sounding Angharad, a feminine Welsh name, long associated with Welsh royalty, history, and myth, including Arthurian legend.
ACOTAR role: One of three temples where the feet of the Cauldron were hidden.
GREENFIELD VILLAGE No direct connection found, though Greenfield is the name of several villages of England.
ACOTAR role: A neighboring village to where Feyre grew up and where Isaac Hale's wife is from.
WINDHAVEN CAMP No connection found, though a separate Windhaven also appears in Tower of Dawn in the TOG series. Altun—Windhaven being the rough translation—is located in a three-peaked mountain range and is the home of Sartaq's hearth-mother and family.
Fun fact: Windhaven is the name of a science-fiction novel by George R. R. Martin and Lisa Tuttle following a group of humans who crash-landed on a foreign planet and learned to craft their own wings out of the spaceship wreckage.
THE WOLF'S DEN No connection found, BUT fun fact: there is a named Wolf's Den castle in George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire series (aka Game of Thrones) that now serves as a prison. "All the days were much the same inside the Wolf's Den, and any change was usually for the worse." A Dance with Dragons, Ch 29
ACOTAR role: The name of the worst tavern in Velaris that Nesta is known to frequent.
SILVERSPRING CREEK No plausible connection found, BUT fun fact: "Silver Springs" is a song written by Stevie Nicks, performed by Fleetwood Mac, and is so strongly ACOTAR-coded even my non-loving playlist-to-book self can't deny it. If you want more bread crumbles that SJM is a Stevie Nicks fan, "Rhiannon" and it's lyric origins have potential ties to the Rhiannon of TOG.
You could be my silver spring
Blue-green colors flashin'
I would be your only dream
Your shinin' autumn ocean crashin'
Time cas t a spell on you,
but you won't forget me
I know I could have loved you
But you would not let me
ACOTAR role: Silverspring Creek is a stream running through Feyre's human village, near where she hunted rabbits.
STRYGA'S CASTLE No direct reference found, but due to Stryga/the Weaver resembling a female demon akin to a vampire in Slavic mythology (see the Monster section above), it is possible Stryga's former home, before she was confined to her cottage, is reminiscent of Bram Stoker's 1897 Dracula and the Transylvanian Castle complete with three vampiric sister brides who entice men with their beauty and charm before proceeding to feed upon them.
The Night Sky
ARKTOS Arktos, also written Arctus, means "bear" in Ancient Greek. Arktos was a centaur who fought against the Lapith spearmen. The Arktos Megale (aka Ursa Major, the Great Bear) is one of the original 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy who drew on earlier works by Greek, Egyptian, Babylonian, and Assyrian astronomers.
ACOTAR role: One of the three regarded holy stars (the furthest left star) of the Illyrians and serves as part of the symbol for the Night Court. The echelon of Arktosian is reserved for Illyrians who survive the Blood Right but fail to reach Ramiel.
CARYNTH May refer to Corinth, an ancient city that was one of the largest and most important of Greece, or Carinthia, the southernmost Austrian state in the Eastern Alps, noted for its mountains and lakes.
ACOTAR role: One of the three regarded holy stars (the middle star) of the Illyrians and serves as part of the symbol for the Night Court. The echelon of Carynthian is reserved for Illyrians who scale the summit of Ramiel during the Blood Rite and are considered elite warriors.
ORISTES Orestes (also spelled Orestes) means "stands on a mountain" and he is the subject of several Ancient Greek plays and myths concerning his madness and purification.
ACOTAR role: One of the three regarded holy stars (the furthest right star) of the Illyrians and serves as part of the symbol for the Night Court. The echelon of Oristian is reserved for Illyrians who make it to the Ramiel during the Blood Rite but don't reach the top.
Locations not listed: A slew of various more minor locations have not been listed, including the Four Market Squares of Velaris, certain cottages and houses, and even the Ironcrest Illyrian war-camp.
https://preview.redd.it/jxxgjkfim90d1.png?width=842&format=png&auto=webp&s=00944156c7edd485265a4cad7f66c5ac8e41b31d THE CAULDRON There are many magical cauldrons present in various mythologies, one being the Pair Dadeni in Welsh mythology, a magical cauldron able to resurrect the dead, and the coire ansic of Irish mythology, the cauldron of the chief god of the Tuatha Dé Danann, which never ran empty.
TRUTH-TELLER Possibly inspired by Fragarach, an Irish mythological sword known as "The Whisperer" or "The Answerer." It was the sword of Nuada, the first high king; it was said that no one could tell a lie with Fragarach at their throat and that the sword inflicting wounds from which no one could recover.
THE HARP May refer to the uaithne, the magical harp of the Dagda, the chief god of the Tuatha Dé Danann in Irish mythology. It could control men's emotions and change the seasons.
THE MASK In Egyptian culture, death masks were designed to guide the spirits of those mummified into the next world.
THE UNKNOWN 4th TROVE ITEM Seen in a vision by Nesta via Lathys, which we now know to be the Horn, and may refer to the Gjallarhorn of Norse mythology, the sound of which is said to herald the beginning of Ragnarok.
ATARAXIA Ataraxia, in Ancient Greek philosophy, was a state of calmness untroubled by mental or emotional disquiet, ie tranquility of the mind. It was considered the ideal mental state for soldiers entering battle.
ACOTAR Role: Nesta's Made sword.
GWYDION Gwydion is a name meaning "born of the trees" and is the given name of Gwydion fab Dôn, a magician, hero, and trickster of Welsh mythology. Caer Wydion, the castle of Gwydion, was the traditional Welsh name for the Milky Way.
ACOTAR role: The Starsword and twin to Truth-Teller.
NARBEN No direct reference found, though narben in German means "scar."
ACOTAR role: A lost sword from the Dread Trove.
OUROBOROS MIRROR The ouroboros is an ancient symbol of a serpent or a dragon eating its own tale, first present in ancient Egyptian iconography and the Greek magical tradition, the term itself deriving from Ancient Greek. It has been used frequently and extensively throughout fantasy literature. It often symbolizes the cycle of life, death, and rebirth.
BOOK OF BREATHINGS The Books of Breathing are a set of ancient Egyptian funerary texts that are intended to enable those deceased to continue their existence in the afterlife. It is a simplified form of the Book of the Dead.
VERITAS ORB Veritas is of Latin origin meaning "truth." It is the name for the Roman virtue of truthfulness and in Roman mythology, Veritas is the Goddess of Truth. Universities and colleges such as Harvard use the term veritas as their motto.
SYMPHONIA Symphonia is Greek in origin and was used to denote a variety of musical instruments.
AMARANTHA'S NECKLACE AND RING (JURIAN'S FINGER AND EYE) Jurian's finger bone and eye, kept by Amarantha, are reminiscent of relics and reliquaries, often religious in nature. Relics typically consist of the physical remains or personal affects of a saint and the reliquary is the container that holds them.
FAEBANE Possibly inspired by wolfsbane (aka aconite or monkshood), a poisonous flower ancient Greeks would poison arrows and bait with to hunt wolves. It is lethal and often fatal and is an oft-used plant and poison within the fantasy genre.
Fun fact: In Shakespeare's Hamlet, Hamlet himself was killed with an aconite-laced blade.
https://preview.redd.it/pjo213ymm90d1.png?width=840&format=png&auto=webp&s=de57f0ba269bd4b48b2782eb380da90a8ba2d6eb DAEMATI Potentially a combination of the Greek word dae (to give) and the concept of mati, labeled as "the evil eye" in Greek classical antiquity. Daemati may effectively mean "to give the evil eye."
THE WEAVER'S SONG The Weaver's song, sung when Feyre was stealing Rhysand's ring from her cottage, is similar to "The Twa Sisters," a traditional murder ballad dating back to mid 17th century England. It tells of two sisters who travel down to a body of water where the older one pushes the younger one in. A harp or a fiddle is then made out of the murdered sister's body, which plays itself and sings about her murder.
-----------------
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Part 1: Characters & Courts, click
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2024.05.12 20:59 AsleepOrdinary Is there only one ferry from santorini to crete ?
I am supposed to travel on May 22nd from Santorini to Crete but I can only find one ferry on ferryhopper and other sites that leaves at 4PM from santorini. Is this is the only option ? I am looking through posts and people seem to have taken ferries at different times (early morning, late night etc.) ty!
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2024.05.12 08:56 kampusreap 10-day trip to Greece
My friends and I are traveling to Greece for around 10 days; we’re visiting Athens and thinking of visiting 1 island. After looking through some posts on this subreddit, we’ve decided to visit Athens and Crete only. We really want to visit Mykonos though, is it possible to visit all 3 in 10 days or is there another island/ place worth visiting instead?
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2024.05.11 23:05 ooool___loooo Cheap cell phone plans
Hello! My contract with Bell MTS is up this week and I have no interest in upgrading my phone. My plan with them is $65 a month and apparently that’s the cheapest one. Does anyone recommend another carrier for cheaper? I need unlimited Canada wide talk/text and at least 15g of data as that’s what my plan with them has. I also can’t change my phone number so would need to be able to port it over. I want a plan, not pay as you go. I’d also need decent coverage as I travel up north (The Pas/Flin Flon/Thompson area) a few times per year. I have zero loyalty to Bell and would be happy to leave them for the cheapest alternative! I’m just overwhelmed looking at other options so appreciate advice!
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2024.05.11 12:28 ExpressionNo1067 Lesser travelled cyclades
Yassas! I have a weird obsession with visiting every inhabited cycladic island. While having been to most of the easy reachable ones it is getting more and more complicated traveling to some of the lesser visited islands because these are served infrequently and only by obscure companies you probably never heard of.
I have around 2 weeks early/mid-September and was planning something like the route below. I‘m a bit worried the itinerary could be too much off the beaten path for 2 weeks, but I‘m fine with lazy days at the beach, a nice sunset and a good dinner. Also if ferries are cancelled, could it mean that I‘m stuck to a place for several days as there are not daily connections?
(Ferry schedule for september isn‘t public yet so it‘s still a draft plan:
- Piraeus - Kythnos (4 days, Zante Ferries 3h)
- Kythnos - Sikinos (3 days, Zante Ferries 5h)
- Sikinos - Thirasia (2 days, Saos Ferry, 3,5h)
- Thirasia - Anafi (3 days, Saos Ferries 1,5h)
Then from Anafi further on to Crete or Karpathos where I‘ll be staying for another 1-2 weeks working remotely (I’m an EU citizen and my company allows workations + pays taxes)
Has someone here done a similar trip to the western + southern cyclades and has some insights? Also do you have a must-visit recommendation on lesser visited cycladic islands? The ones I still „have to visit“: Kea, Kythnos, Andros, Kimolos, Sikinos, Ios, Iraklia, Schinoussa, Donoussa, Mykonos, Anafi, Thirasia, Astypalea (Ios and Mykonos for the completionist achievement only)
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2024.05.11 06:40 clink288 Solo trip to Greece with time on the water (30F)
Hi there — I’m (30F) currently looking into a solo trip to Greece in (lateish?) September. Flexible on timing, but thinking around 6 full days, and trying to avoid renting a car. For budget, definitely not looking to travel in luxury, but am the type of person to book a private room at a hostel.
I’m a bit of a history and culture buff, so I figured I’d spend some time in Athens to account for day trips to Delphi and Cape Sounion. Given the amount of time I have, think that would free me up for one other location for a more relaxing back half of the trip.
The thing is, I’m not crazy about spending time on sandy beaches. But I love being on boats and in the water. With that in mind, should I even go to an island? Or should I just try to go somewhere on a coast where I can leave for excursions or go to a larger island like Crete? Imagine I’ll need to go somewhere a bit busier to make sure there are always a minimum number of people for the excursion as I’ll be on my own. Considered doing multi night boat tours, but the ones I was seeing were for like seven days. If four day trips do exist, don’t think I’d want to spend more than $600.
Thank you in advance for your help!
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2024.05.11 03:45 mernst84 International Driver license
Hello lovely community. I’m from Canada and travelling to Crete at the beginning of June. My wife has done some research and there seems to be some conflicting information.
Do all car rental places REQUIRE an international drivers license?
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2024.05.10 20:51 jhajj123 10-day Greece itinerary
26M travelling to Greece in August for the first time with my siblings (both in their 20s) and mum. Leaving from Canada. Thoughts on this itinerary? My main question is if this is enough time in Athens.
Day 1: Arrival in Athens at 9:30am. Aiming to stay near the Acropolis and go sightseeing around the city after a bit of rest.
Day 2: Athens
Day 3: Early ferry from Athens to Naxos - arrival at 11:25am
Day 4: Naxos
Day 5: Afternoon ferry from Naxos to Milos - arrival at 7:55pm
Day 6: Milos
Day 7: Milos
Day 8: Afternoon ferry from Milos to Crete - arrival at 6:45pm
Day 9: Crete
Day 10: Crete
Day 11: Early flight from Crete to Athens, followed by flight back to Canada
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2024.05.10 14:14 Michtrk 1949-1952 period in Europe
Stalinist period in Eastern Europe (1948/49-1953) Basic things that apply to all socialist states in this period: Large advancements in education, healthcare, industrialisation (but unlike OTL not absolute priority of heavy industry due to different international situation) and post-war reconstruction and realative stabilisation of economies, collectivisation of agriculture, women emancipation, institution of hardline regimes with a strong role of secret police and suppression of any opponents of the regime, show trials and purges, large influence of Soviet Union in internal politics – countries forced to act as Soviet “advisors” want, socialist realism control over culture, dominance of propagandistic and ideological motives, strong censorship
Albania - 1949-1953: Main difference is that during this era there weren't any western attempts at overthrowing Hoxha (yet). These years see successful economic development and mass modernisation of the country. Albania is strongly pro-Soviet, however its importance compared to OTL is lesser as Greece is also socialist.
- May 1949: Show trial and execution of Koçi Xoxe. Hoxha’s power strengthened, relations with Yugoslavia fell apart.
Bulgaria - On the 15 July 1949 death of Dimitrov, Valko Chervenkov became general secretary. Hardline Stalinists Bulgaria’s “Little Stalin” – repression (large part of BKP purged), consolidation of power, Soviet inspired culture, development of heavy industry, collectivisation. Since death of Vasil Kolarov also as the prime minister (23.1. 1950)
- 1949: Traicho Kostov with other prominent moderate members of BKP executed after a show trial.
- Failure of the First Five Year Plan as it did not met all targets (1949-1953), large scale industry build-up achieved.
Romania - Soviet economic control trough Sov-Rom companies
- 1948 leading communist politician Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu was arrested (after Soviets demanded), accused of titoism. Persecution of opposition and anti-communist resistance active in Carpathians.
- 1949 start of construction of the Danube–Black Sea Canal, start of gradual collectivisation, start of development of heavy industry (success in development of steel, petrochem and machinery industries). 1951-1955 first five-year plan.
- Power struggle between “Muscovite” and “Prisoners” faction within Romanian Workers Party – Ana Pauker a stalinist, who multiple times defied Stalin’s policy (allowing Jews migrate to Israel, opposing collectivisation efforts) was still slowly losing favour of Stalin, in January 1952 Gheorghiu-Dej requested Stalin’s approval for purge of Muscovite faction, however unlike our reality (and this is main shift) this is initiative is opposed (due to lesser extent of Stalin’s antisemitic campaign, that would be only beginning by that time, lobbing of Molotov and Beria for them ), instead Stalin pressures Romania for show trial with Pătrășcanu, which in this timeline see Stalin as failure of Gheorghiu-Dej.
- 3.6. 1952, Petru Groza stepped down as prime minister -> instead of centralising power in Gheorghiu-Dej’s hands, soviet-aligned Iosif Chișinevschi was pushed by soviet “advisors” to this position.
- Show trial with Pătrășcanu and his suspected associates 28 April to 2 May 1953.
Hungary - 16-24 October 1949 Process with László Rajk – as in our reality, “titoist spies” influential to other trials. Inter opposition to Rákosi purged. 15 executed, 78 imprisoned. Other purges and show trials in the military during 1951. Trial with Jews is not planned.
- Rákosi builds the most repressive regime from the socialist bloc states, a cult of personality modelled after Stalin.
- Economy: focused on expansion of heavy industry, collectivised agriculture. However, like in other states without Korean war, shifts to military sector primacy doesn’t happen, resulting in more supply of consumer goods, but Hungary still faces shortages, but the economic situation is little bit better overall.
- 14.8. 1952 Rákosi further centralised power in his hands by becoming chairman of the council of ministers.
Poland - October 1948: Gomulka and other proponents of sovereign stance purged; 1951 Gomulka arrested. March 1948 Witold Pilecki show trial.
- 22.12. 1948 creation of Polish United Workers Party.
- High soviet control: Konstantin Rokossovsky as polish defence minister (49-56), influence of “advisor” Ivan Serov
- Catholic Church keeps influential position -> conflict after 22.7. 1952 constitution that declares Polish People’s Republic as a secular state, closing of Church schools etc. Trial with Cracow Curia (1953)
- 1950-1956 Six-Year Plan – changes as in other states from our reality, it is not focused on rapid accelerated industrialisation, instead on increase in heavy industry, while also investing in services, food, construction, and consumer goods. Result is less developed heavy industry, but better economic situation of population and less shortages (but Poland would still experience some). As the plan was more modest, it was successfully completed in 1956. As in our reality, mass increase in urbanisation and general national income (that would be bit lesser due to less heavy industry being developed)
- Warsaw that was less damaged was still largely reconstructed in socialist realism
Czechoslovakia 1948-1953 - 1948-1949: wave of exile to the American zone in Germany. Due to Czechoslovakia not being (in years 1948-1956) on the Iron Curtain, there are way less cases of illegally trying to flee across borders (since the only way is to another socialist state GDR), emigrants mostly try to get to Western Austria through Eastern Austria.
- In 1948 consolidation, start of collectivisation and final wave of nationalisations (majority of industry already nationalised during the Third republic), ČSSD merged (annexed) into KSČ. Law 231/1948 (law on the protection of the people’s democratic republic) passed, enabling persecution of political opponents (6.10.1948), “bourgeois” societal organisations (like Sokol) banned.
- 1949 the first political process with general Píka. 1950: Under Soviet pressure organisation of mass political process with “Group of Milada Horáková” (31 May-8 June 1950, non-communist intelligence). 1952 process with “Green International” – catholic intelligence.
- 1949 start of construction of Stalin’s monument in Prague.
- 1949-1953: The First Five Year Plan – centrally planned economy, focused on industrialisation of Slovakia
- Massive changes due to different international situations! – first 5year plan was focused since 1951 on militarisation due to Korean War and Cold War tensions, this period is radically different and much more calm , so this doesn’t happen, instead plan remains focused on mechanisation of agriculture, growth and development of consumer industry prioritised over the heavy industry -> this has positive effect on economy and plan is successful (this has influence down the line in 1953), economic situation is better compared to our reality, more goods to buy are available. Main target of propaganda of that era is the United Kingdom and its Imperialism, TATO, Yugoslavia and in Czechoslovakia especially Western Austria and Habsburgs, not American Imperialism. Also the infamous campaign against “the American beetle” doesn’t exist, campaign against the potato beetle yes, but it is not presented as a CIA operation to destroy Czechoslovak potatoes.
- Process with a conspiracy centre of Otto Šling and Jan Šverma – 20. January 1953
- Slánský process without Slánský. This is another major shift, the Slánský process had major antisemitic undertones and Slánský being Jew was a major factor in choosing him. This antisemitism is missing as 1952 is the year where first antisemitic campaigns only started in the USSR, instead it is focused solely on “titoists”, while other people are grouped with them. Everything was organised by Soviet “advisors''.
- Jan Šverma, who survived during the Slovak National Uprising, served as the Deputy Prime Minister (1948-1951) and Deputy General Secretary of KSČ (1945-1951), together with Otto Šling (leader of KSČ in Brno) were accused of being heads of made-up conspiracy led by Yugoslavia and the United Kingdom. They were executed. Other people persecuted (some are different): Karel Šváb, Vladimír Clementis, Osvald Závodský, Bedřich Reicin, André Simone and Josef Frank (executions), Marie Švermová, Arthur London, Vavro Hajdů, Mikuláš Landa, Jarmila Taussigová (life sentences) and others. People who were persecuted due to them being Jewish or having ties with Israel are not affected in this timeline.
- Process with bourgeois nationalists – June 1954, it was a follow-up to the process with Šverma, delayed to the period after Stalin’s death as Husák refused to confess. He was given “only” life sentence, others 20-10 years in prison. Oher follow-up “Process with regional secretaries” doesn’t take place; these people are already convicted in the main process.
- In 1953 Stalin had died, so did Klement Gottwald (14.3.1953)
Denmark 1949-1953 - Anti-communist political leader arrested in 1949: Hans Hedtoft, H. C. Hansen and others October 1949 process with members of anti-communist MI6 affiliated group “Firmaet”, however political leaders weren’t put on trial due to Larsen’s opposition to such mass trial.
- 1949: approved the first five-year plan: focus mainly on modernisation of agriculture, shipbuilding, light industry and only in minority in heavy industry and started voluntary and gradual collectivisation, all against wishes of soviet “advisors”, continuous diplomatic relations with Nordic countries (+large immigration wave to Sweden, established tough border security) -> as we establish Stalin loses trust in Larsen already in 1947 and his further opposition to Stalin’s plans and Tito-Stalin split (even if Larsen officially denounced Tito, he himself wanted to develop “Danish Way to Socialism” as campaigned before power consolidation) leads eventually to his downfall, despite pleasing Stalin with established of several Soviet military bases in Denmark and obeying all Informbyro directives.
- 15 February 1951 Central Committee of DFSP announced resignation of Larsen from all positions “due to health and personal reasons” he was replaced by Knud Jespersen as the general secretary and by Alfred Jensen as the prime minister. Several days later, Larsen was purged from the party and secretly arrested. On 12 March statement of the CC of DFSP on “Errors and Rightist Deviations under leadership of Aksel Larsen” was released, denouncing Larsen for Titoism, working also as party’s “self-critique” and devoting its leadership to upheld Marxism-Leninism. Party was purged of “Titotists”, many of them arrested. On 4 May also president Mogens Fog was forced to resign and put under house arrest, the presidency was abolished and replaced by a collective organ.
- New directives were issued regarding collectivisation, the process was “speeded up” and peasants were forced to join collective farms by economic pressure (high quotas), but still a more moderate agricultural policy based on Germany and Austria was promoted. Those in opposition were arrested. The Five Year Plan was reworked with help of Soviet experts giving primacy to construction of new metallurgy.
- Stalin wished to stage a large show trial with Larsen, as message to other leaders in socialist bloc, so between 20 to 26 April 1952 “Trial of the Anti-Party Conspiracy Revisionist Centre headed by Aksel Larsen” was held, it became shock worldwide (and paranoia to all socialist leaders) and only time past communist leader was executed, next to Larsen another 10 people were executed and 15 sentenced to long time in prison.
- By 1953 collectivisation rates increased from 15% in 1951 to 50%, targets of the 5 year plan were not met, Danish economy was however still in a relatively good shape.
Yugoslavia - Informbiro period 1948-1953 - Worse isolation and economic hardships compared to our reality, as the non-interventionist United States don’t really want to help Yugoslavia and Britain has few resources to spare.
- 1949: Andrija Hebrang, Sreten Žujović and other pro-soviet leader purged, executed, arrested or forced to flee.1948-1950 attempted coup, insurrection of anti-Titoists in several places
- Immediately after the split, Yugoslav economy suffered problems due to the Soviet embargo, and Tito moved the country towards self-sufficiency. Investments in the military. Special measures introduced in 1948 (third shifts, mobilisation of workforce and ratios) to combat problems.
- In 1948 trade between Yugoslavia and the West was restored, soon socialist bloc imports were replaced by Western ones, but at unfavourable prices. In 1949 IMF and World Bank approved loans to Yugoslavia, however due to Americans not lobbying for Tito, interest rates were unfavourable and got Yugoslavia to huge debt. Unlike OTL, desperate Tito abandoned claims on Trieste and managed to obtain British aid in 1951.
- Economic hardship forced Yugoslav leadership to seek economic reform and thus the beginning of Yugoslav socialist self-management (market socialism) was born. Introduced by Tito, Milovan Đilas and Edvard Kardelj in 1950. It led to partial stabilisation of the dire economic situation.
- Threat of possible Soviet invasion increased in 1951 with communist victory in Greece. However, unlike in our reality Yugoslavia did not turned to United States, Greece and Turkey, but to TATO as an alliance, Yugoslavia entered negotiations with TATO that resulted into singing of the Turkish-Yugoslav Agreement on 28.12.1952, in which countries pledged to defend each other against Soviet or Greek invasion and opened possibility of Yugoslav membership, it is connected with increase of relations with USA after American “New Foreign Policy Doctrine” of 1951.
- 2.-7.11. 1952 VI. Congress of Communist Party of Yugoslavia: Party renamed to League of Communists of Yugoslavia, peak of political liberalisation, decentralisation state and of party structure, separation of party and government functions, socialist self-management officially approved as economic policy, economic and political discussion promoted, emphasis of creation of socialist democracy, “democratic centralism” abolished. Changes resulted in 13.1.1953 Yugoslavia passed constitutional reforms – Yugoslavia declared “socialist, democratic, federal state of sovereign and equal nations”, a new legislative Federal People's Assembly was established, giving more power to republics. Liberalisation also brough artistic freedom.
GREECE
Hellenic People’s Republic (1951-1953) - 1951: communist consolidation of Greece, beginning of anti-communist insurgencies (active to mid-1960s). Sweeping radical socialist reforms: nationalisation of all industries, beginning of collectivisation. Repression of suspected royalist sympathisers (Campaign Against Reactionary Saboteurs), creation of soviet-modelled powerful Ministry of Public Security (November 1951) that led these repressions. Autumn 1951 mass arrests and purges in various fields. Large wave of emigration. Paranoia and fear of British invasion, start of military build-up reorganisation of DSA into the Greek People’s Army, Airforce and Navy.
- In November 1951 Zachariadis consolidated his grip over the military by purging war hero and prominent commander Markos Vafeiadis after accusations of him being Yugoslav spy and royalist, this move was unpopular for people and regular party members. Stalinism, creation of personality cult around Zachariadis. Purge of Vafeiadis’s allies.
- 6 December 1951 “Bloody Day of Saint Nicholas” execution of many prominent “bourgeois intellectuals and politicians” that supported royalists during the civil war after a show trial.
- 1952: IX. Congress of KKE (11.3.) – position of Zachariadis confirmed, toning down of repressions, election (2.6.) – only one-party ticket and “Democratic Front for National Reunification”. Campaign for international recognition (socialist states did already before 1951), Zachariadis retreats from the position of prime minister, Nikos Ploumpidis takes this position. Creation of the People's Assembly that passes the new constitution (August). Greece joins CMEA.
- Relationship with church: As majority of Greek people are religious, approach like in Poland, trying to make agreement, however persecution of many priests, who are connected with anti-communist groups.
- The most militarised (maybe after USSR…) in socialist bloc at the time, had very tense relations with TATO.
- 1953 (later about it, since it belongs more to the 1953-1956 period): Despite the death of Stalin Greek Stalinism itself continues…
Kingdom of Greece (1951-1953) - Rump British puppet state, wikibox accurate for now only everything is moved by a year
- September 1951 to March 1952 “Rhodos government period” – state is ruled basically by military, very unstable state, uprisings and rebellions mainly in Crete. White terror and repressions start against populations many suspected communists executed, massacres.
- March 1952 Papagos comes to power (officially), gains extraordinary powers (basically becomes a dictator) – in next month intensification of repression and eventual defeat of all insurgencies and opposition against exile Kingdom, stabilisation and formation of working authoritarian state apparatus. Seat of government moved to Crete.
- In December 1952 a fraudulent election was held, victory of Papagos’es Greek Rally against the Liberal Party -> it marks transition to façade democracy and limited liberalisation.
- Papagos' government continues to represent Greece in the UN.
GERMANY AND AUSTRIA Austrian Democratic Republic (1950-1953) - After its formation, several left-wing reforms were passed: nationalisation of industry, creation of a centrally planned economy (1st five-year plan 1951), moderate collectivisation of agriculture. Similar to (real and TTL) Germany, East Austria suffers problems with Republikflucht towards the Western part. In 1952 federal states were abolished and East Austria became a unitary state. General secretary and president Koplening, prime minister Franz Honner (wikibox here accurate), elected in 1951 with “National Unity Front” list.
- Fight with Catholic Church, prominent institution in Austria, seen as representation of old reactionary Empire and sympathisers with the Western part (especially after the proclamation of Archduchy). Promotion of a new Austrian identity based on the labour movement, the first Austrian republic (which DRÖ claims to be a continuation) and strongly opposed to pan-Germanism and the old Austrian Habsburg empire. East Austria presents itself as the only sole legitimate Austrian state.
- Compared to other states, political climate is lighter, there are no show trials, however in 1952 part of VSAPÖ (Vereinigte Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Österreichs – United Socialist Workers Party of Austria – aforementioned union of SPÖ with KPÖ) is purged and catholic leaders often face persecution with many of them imprisoned
Austrian Republic and Archduchy (1950-1953) - Head of the first West Austrian government was Julius Raab, while Leopold Figl served as State-President.
- Why the hell is Austria Archduchy again you may ask? Since 1919 Habsburgs were banished from Austria, however here Winston Churchill comes to change situation, as West Austria was created under large British influence, Churchill went to propose to Raab to restore Habsburgs in order to boost public support and to continue historical line from the Habsburg Austria and to have greater legitimacy as the true successor. As the National Council was dominated by ÖVP, Raab agreed to the proposition. From August to November (1950) discussions were held between Otto and Raab on restoration of monarchy. Newly proposed changes to the constitution were discussed in the National Council. Eventually supporters of restoration prevailed and on 11 January 1951 the Habsburg Law was revoked.
- Otto von Habsburg returned to the country already in January 1950, was greeted by cheering crowds, but also with demonstrations. Monarchy is going to remain a polarising question amongst West Austrians. In the East this was greatly condemned.
- The March 1951 election resulted in another majority of ÖVP, the new National Council drafted and approved a new constitution making the country a constitutional monarchy, 26 June 1951. 3rd December 1951 Otto’s coronation ceremony, reining name as Otto II.
- Economically and politically West Austria is close with Italy and the United Kingdom, it also took an American loan in 1952.
- In 1951 Western Austria also introduced Gruber Doctrine (after foreign minister Karl Gruber), emphasising its position as the only sole legitimate Austria state, stating that Salzburg cuts relations with any country that has diplomatic relations with East-Vienna.
German Democratic Republic (1950-1952) - Last time we left, the German Democratic Republic was proclaimed in May 1950 and occupational troops started to leave the country, that wouldn’t be finished until late September. Until that time DDR could not fully project its authority outside the Soviet zone. As Germany was disarmed it had to rely on its Volkspolizei.
- Some reforms were already started by the German Economic Commission and Occupation Authority, like nationalisation of nazi and pro-nazi owned industries and expropriation of various assets. In May 1950 a major nationalisation decree (that affected all parts of Germany, excluding the UN zone) was issued by the Reiman government, together with promised land reforms and voluntary formations of collectives.
- In September Länderat was dispersed by German authorities. During October CSU was forced to join Democratic Bloc, while Bavarian Party was banned for promoting separatism, many right-wing parties for its real or imaginary connection with Nazism. By the end of the year control over the American zone was achieved, however the governments of Baden and Wurttemberg still opposed the government. In March 1951 administrative reform was passed by SED, weakening the power of opposition by merging Baden with Wurttemberg and changing the borders of Franconia. New election was declared for October 1951, both state and federal (justified by “need to take into account political and legislative changes”), despite vocal protests of many deputies Democratic Bloc, now renamed Democratic Front for National Unity (DFE) put only one united candidate with possibility of a blank ballot. Democracy ended (29 October 1951). As elections were also held in the UN zone, here the blank ballots actually won 76% of the votes as part of a large protest initiative. Before the election on 5th of May 1951 III. SED congress was held, Walter Ulbricht was elected general secretary, major reorganisation on the lines of socialist bloc mass parties.
- 1952: The First Five Year Plan was launched focused on reconstruction, collectivisation of agriculture – everything like in real life East Germany (thus also similar to East Austria). Plan set high targets, resulting in high quotas for workers. (Germany economy was still in very bad state), persecution of opposition (connected with Nazism and declared saboteurs), Stasi created and eventually by end of the year thanks to facing large exodus (similar to East Germany) inner-German border (with UN) was closed (December 1952).
- Germany internationally still appeared as a neutral state and also had relations with Yugoslavia, however, they took pro-Soviet positions all the time: recognition of PRC and Greece.
- Nazi resistance existed in very limited numbers, some soldiers hiding in the woods and fighting long-lost war, no mass nazi underground. But as German propaganda pushed that idea and it also entered popular discourse.
United Nations Mandate in Germany (1950-53) What was happening in the UN zone and what changed with the creation of Germany? It becomes more complicated. Next to the Allied Control Commission (ACC) under control of the UN Trusteeship Council and local state governments, a new position was established by the 1950 Peace Treaty – Authority of High Representative of the German Democratic Republic – so a representative sent by Berlin government, see UNMG was officially part of Germany. You will not see it on any maps. This High Representative had some powers, and he oversaw relations and implementation of common policies, elections, but the vast majority of German laws did not apply here, if these laws weren’t approved by UNMG, which they weren’t as this organisation was dysfunctional. UNMG became hub for German dissent and target of emigration, however, unlike GDR x FRG living conditions (in terms of economics, income, workers’ rights etc.) in UN zone sucked even more than in Germany proper, as it exited purely to exploit German labour, resources and industry in profit of Western companies. UNMG was the main point of German propaganda, criticised, as well what it was, Western exploitation of Germany, and strikes were organised against, it was the worst presentation capitalism can give. The 1951 election was met with protests as we mentioned above, it led to increasing opposition to the GDR government. Before 1953 it was common to travel between zones, but as the border was closed UNMG and GDR divided even more (so yes, it was part of Germany, but majority Germans cannot enter it and it is not ruled by the German government). If it is not complicated enough, it will get later in 1953.
FRANCE Important in France is that CIA involvement in the country ended in 1949 (important is that CGT-FO despite being formed doesn’t gain any support and remains very marginal, while CGT itself is pro-communist). As the Marshall Plan aid is cut, economic situation worsens and living conditions fall and as government prioritises financing of Indochina War, post-war reconstruction drags on, rations continue, people are increasingly unhappy and PCF gains more and more support, right-wing turns towards Gaullists. This period is marked with numerous strikes, protests, unrest and general chaos. Also like in Italy, France takes many IMF loans and gets into debt.
Political chaos: 26 August 1948, Ramadier replaced as prime minister by André Marie, Marie forced to resign in 11 October 1948, replaced by Henri Queuille, who was replaced by Georges Bidault who served until 20 July 1950, replaced by Henri Queuille (again) just for a month, 23 August 1950 René Pleven became prime minister, government collapsed after formation of PSIF (and effectively lost parliamentary majority) 28 June 1951, new government head by Robert Schuman that and stayed in this position to the election in 1952, but was not able to pass anything including electoral reform that helped Third Force in our reality.
Since 1950 PCF has used a “popular front strategy” and attempted to sway the left-wing faction of SFIO to support them, instead of Third Force. There are changes, instead of the pro-government group headed by Mollet being splinter, instead the splinter group is forced by anti-government sections of SFIO and Parti Radical, French Socialist Independent Party (Parti Socialiste Indépendant Français PSIF) 26 June 1951, formation of PSIF which first leader become by popular Pierre Mendès France, who vocally opposed continuation of the war in Indochina. PSIF formed the “Popular Front” with PCF.
Before 17 January 1952 election, large political polarisation. Massive “New Year Strike” in 1952 – General Strike organised by PCF, mostly as part of political campaign. There is also increasing radicalisation of anti-communist right. Government attempts a massive anti-communist campaign that ends up being unsuccessful, while Gaullists are mainly attacking the government and PCF second. Wikibox needs overhaul (actually even those before it, there are too many seats for election), election results into majority of the Popular Front, Gaullists became the second strongest party and Third Force parties ended up decimated. Maurice Thorez became French Prime Minister; communists took key ministries (21 January 1952).
Maurice Thorez government (1952-1953)
First acts are several major left-wing reforms: shortening of workday, workers’ rights, approval of massive social programs and public works to reduce unemployment. During spring and summer several major nationalisations are drafted and approved by the government. End of financing of the colonial war. Early policies of the government are popular amongst people and somehow improve the economic situation. France petitions the USSR for aid in April 1952.
Franco-Vietnamese talks February – April 1952, ceasefire is declared, delegates including Ho Chi Minh and representatives of Laos and Cambodia, but not Bao Dai, are invited to Paris (Paris Conference 5 March – 6 April). France withdraws from Vietnam and recognises Democratic Republic of Vietnam as a legitimate Vietnamese government. French troops also began to transfer authority to locals in Cambodia and Laos and leave the area completely by January of 1953. This initiates debates about the future of colonies Thorez announces that in the future France would set all colonies on the way of independence. This generates large opposition from the right, but also liberals.
PCF also works on taking control over the French security apparatus and military. As we mentioned, there was conflict between “eastern” and “western” branches of Free French Forces, 1947-1951 communist sympathisers were removed from important positions, during 1952 the opposite happened. Communist aligned officers from the French Legion in the USSR take important leadership positions in the military. As communists controlled the Interior ministry before, several pro-communist officials survived there and now were empowered or re-instated, anti-communists removed. This was attacked by opposition, however communists augmented they do the same thing as the Third Force did before.
Major fight was about SDECE, which was dominated by anti-communists and closely connected with MI6 and CIA. In late January 1953 PCF publicly attacked SDECE as an organisation controlled by “imperialist spies and reactionaries, that plot subversion against the French people'' after the “Le Havre Affair”, where many weapons were found hidden by local Gaullist political leader (30 January 1953). Another major political weapon for communists was the publication of the French war crimes in Indochina in L’Humanité by Vietnamese correspondents (September to November 1952), Thorez government announced that all perpetrators would be punished, leading to large police investigation and arrests of many officers that participated in war in Indochina including many SDECE agents, serving also a purge. Back to Le Havre Affair, after this evidence war presented by ministry of interior that SDECE agents collaborating with Britian and America were responsible, leading to SDECE being dissolved (27 February 1953) and instead new communist dominated General Directorate for Internal Security (DGSI) was formed, organisation started to investigate SDECE, military and opposition parties, DGSI started to cooperate with MGB. Thorez gets reports that there were preparations for counter-revolutionary activity. Truth is that SDECE had been collaborating with CIA and MI6 since November in preparation of what would become Salan’s Coup.
Benelux - Netherlands, Luxembourg nothing to expand. Belgium Julien Lahaut survives assassination attempt unlike OTL, there is a mistake I never realised in the wikibox, bad despite Van Acker shown correctly as candidate, wrong person is shown as elected president.
Italy - Since better result De Gasperi’s DC rules alone without coalition. This results into lesser number of left-wing policies. Cutting of the Marshall Plan has serious implications for Italy, a much worse economic situation, with living conditions falling in the early 1950s. Italy thus took large IMF loans between 1951-1952, that put country into a huge debt. These both factors result into even larger popularity of PCI. DC began to massively fall at polls. To improve its standing, electoral law was changed to gain a supermajority bonus (2/3 of seats) to party or coalition, that obtains over 50% votes, communist protests.
Ireland - The 1951 election resulted in gains for Fine Gael (even though Fianna Fáil did still win), so Costello’ Labour-FG coalition continued to govern.
Nordics - integration - First attempted customs unions from 1951 failed, but a free trade agreement (3.8.51) between Norway and Sweden was signed, this treaty also established open borders. Upon free travel was expanded in 1952 and later in 1954 with creation of Nordic Passport Union (SWE, NOR, FIN, ICE, later Faroe Islands joined too) – open borders and free movement.
- 1.7. 1951 Swedish-Norwegian Defence Treaty was signed (negotiations began already in 1949 after change of American foreign policy) – countries established a military alliance.
- 12.2.1953 Nordic Council – largest project – was created between Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland and Faroe Islands.
Sweden focused further on development of its military in light of American “retreat”, alliance with Norway. End of several social reforms by the Ohlin coalition government proved unpopular and election resulted in victory of Social Democrats, who also needed to form a coalition with Farmers Party (that also participated in the previous one). Tage Erlander returned to the post of prime minister, returning to previous social democratic policies. 1952 “Catalina Affair” did not occur, due to lesser Cold War tensions.
Norwegian 1949 election victory of Labour, Gerhardsen remains PM and doesn’t resign in 1951 as in our reality. Same policies, economic recovery and prosperity. Military strengthening.
Finald 1950 Paasikivi re-elected president. 1951 parliamentary election victory of Social Democrats, continuation of Kekkonen government. Increasing Nordic Cooperation. Everything as in our reality. July-August 1952 Helsinki Olympic games – last international event without major tensions
Iceland – American military withdrawal from Iceland, TATO seen as pointless. 23-24 Oct. 1949 parliamentary election results in victory of coalition government between Progressive and Social Democratic Party (government is supported by Socialists, who also see electoral success, while Independence suffers major defeat). Hermann Jónasson becomes the new prime minister. 1.8.1952 Ásgeir Ásgeirsson elected president. 1952 fishing disputes with UK: “Cod Wars”, this also contributes to that 30.8.1952 Iceland suspends its TATO membership. US bases continue to operate on Greenland as before.
In
Turkey 14.5.1950 first free multiparty election are held, victory of the Democratic Party, Adnan Menderes becomes prime minister, Celal Bayar becomes president. Pro-Islam policy, economic growth after encouraging business, strongly pro-British policy. Turkey helps with Operation Poseidon, Kingdom of Greece becomes increasingly reliant on Turkey, while relations with mainland Greece collapse. After 1951 rise of anti-Greek sentiment in Turkish society, Red Scare and suspicion towards Greeks. Investment in military strengthening, taking US loans.
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2024.05.10 06:25 kindastupid101 Mother/daughter trip to Greece Recommendations
Hello all, I'll be going on a trip to Athens in the last two weeks of July with my mom for a friends wedding. The wedding will be in the middle of the trip, leaving me 6 days before the wedding and 4 days after the wedding to travel. We plan to spend at least 2-3 days in Athens visiting the Acropolis (and Museum), etc. We're not into beaches or nightlife. We're looking for recommendations/suggestions/ideas if anyone has any!
We love food, and visiting historical sites and hiking/walking around.
Would anyone have any recommendations for places/islands that are fairly easy to go to/from Athens? We would prefer not spending too many hours traveling as our trip is short.
We would love to find somewhere with great food and history.
I've read Rhodes or Crete might have some nice historical sites, but I'm open to all suggestions!
As you can tell, I only have loosely formed thoughts, so any and all suggestions are welcome. Thanks so much!
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2024.05.09 14:26 skitguy7 Help an American With luggage sizing
| So this dumb American is unsure of luggage capacity on flights in Europe. All my trips have included checked bags for the fam but we are traveling light on Aegean and Ryanair to Athens and Crete. This is the luggage we have. Is this size/style gonna be allowed on the plane or do we have to go smaller? Are the wheel designs gonna be a problem? submitted by skitguy7 to GreeceTravel [link] [comments] |
2024.05.09 06:32 Forward_Detective_78 Debating Where To Go Summer 2024
I recently got 2 weeks of vacation due to switching jobs and I have flexibility to either take it any 2 week timeframe between early ish June and mid July. So one example is leaving Saturday June 15th and coming back July 1st, which means 14 full days in Europe.
I'm in my mid 20s and just looking to relax after a stressful year. That means I definitely want to have a few days where I can relax on the beach. But I also don't want to do that the whole time or spend all day doing that, so would want to be somewhere that there is more to do. I went to Naxos before and the beaches were beautiful but I got so bored, and there weren't many other solo travelers I met so found it boring. So I flew to Edinburgh on a whim and had the time of my life and met really cool people.
I had a few ideas of where to go: - South of France (i.e. Menton, Avignon), I took French for a couple of years and really enjoyed Paris! - Krakow Poland or Budapest, Hungary (heard both have a lot to do and are solo travel friendly) - A Balkans trip that includes Croatia - Türkiye (I've been to Istanbul, so can see other parts + Turkish coast) - Crete in Greece or any other island - This one is a wildcard, but Uzbekistan. I am fluent in Russian, so there wouldn't be a language barrier
I had a couple of ideas for trips but trying to see if they make any sense:
- Krakow + Budapest + 1 week Greece (Crete maybe or 2 islands in the Cyclades)
- I'm not really sure, the whole region is interesting for Balkans: Croatia, Montenegro, Albania, Bosnia, Bulgaria (or any Balkan country you recommend that I substitute/add)
- Whatever I can fit, 2 weeks Türkiye, maybe Greece if I have leftover days
- South of France + Spain + Portugal
I was looking for advice on what would be a good mix of relaxing/sightseeing. Maybe 70% sightseeing and 30% relaxing.
Thus far, these are the places I have already been to in Europe: London, Edinburgh, Paris, Amsterdam, main cities in Italy, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, a lot of Switzerland, Istanbul, Iceland in December, and Kyiv (pre-war)
Any advice on how I can narrow down my itinerary and help plan my trip is appreciated! I usually have trouble deciding on one location since I want to see so many places and 2 weeks feels like a lot of time but I'm realizing it's not. And also best time to go is appreciated too.
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