Good bit of US Type and hole fillers. Some better like seated dollars and draped halves. Some lower grade cheapies.
A lot of new stuff, so here’s a table of contents 😂😂😂
Post goes: - Gold

• ASE SLABS (reverse proof)
  
• US TYPE (draped/capped/seated)
  
• Proof sets
  
• Random lots (some paper currency)
  
• Whitman Silver Ingot Book
  
• Premium .999 silver, raw, slabbed, COA, all that variety
  

Chitty chit chat please
PROOF: https://imgur.com/a/v8pkLE5 Proof set proof: https://imgur.com/a/fDS5ZCH
GOLD https://imgur.com/a/J73widt - (2) 2012 1/20oz MS69 Panda - $150 each - 1988 PF69 1/10 AGE - $295 - 1g sunflower argor - $86
SLABBED ASE’S REVERSE PROOF, all are PF/PR69: https://imgur.com/a/ya9Iggz - 2006P RP 20th anniversary- $90 - 2011P RP John Mercanti Signed, 25th anniversary, slight milk/tone - $155 - 2012S RP 75th Anniversary - $65 - 2013 W RP - $65 - 2019 W Enhanced RP /Pride of 2 nations - $95
PROOF OR REGULAR STRIKE: https://imgur.com/a/ikPRfbc - 2002 MS69 - $37 - 2006 W PR69 PROOF, some toning spots - $48 - 2017 MS69 Gold Label - $38 - 2021 T-2 MS70 ANACS American Flag holder - $46
US TYPE BELOW
CENTS https://imgur.com/a/Slm4d5T - 1857 flying cent - $35 - 1858 flying cent - $35 - 1949 D MS66 RD Penny slab - $38 (greysheet is 50)
2 CENT PIECES all priced $5 below AG3 greysheet but are good bit above AG3 https://imgur.com/a/xnuFXQ6 - 1864 large motto - $13 - 1865 - $13 - 1866 - $16 SOLD - 1867 - $14 - 1870 - $18 - 1871 - $20 SOLD
DIMES
CAPPED DIMES - all low grade other than slab https://imgur.com/a/1qLPxNd - link for slab: https://imgur.com/a/OeOna1n - CAC VF Details 1829 - $105 - 1823 - $55 - 1829 - $22 - 1830 - $22 - 1831 - $22 - 1836 - $22 - 1836 - $22
SEATED DIMES https://imgur.com/a/7a6enxD

• 1872 - $11
• 1876 - $11
• 1876 S (?) - $11
• 1886 - $10
• 1887 - $10
• 1887 - $12

QUARTERS
DRAPED https://imgur.com/a/S9GoTgc - 1806 draped quarter - $160
SEATED https://imgur.com/a/wcvAbwO - 1853 w/ Rays - 28 - 1853 O w/ Rays - 36 - 1861 - 18
HOLE FILLER BARBERS, all are Cull/AG/G https://imgur.com/a/h8LpGSp

• 1903 O - $9
• (2) 1904 - $8
• (3) 1905 - $9

STANDING LIBERTY https://imgur.com/a/w3ZRS1V - 1920 S - $22 - 1926 S - $12 - 1927 S - $40 - 1929 - $10
HALF DOLLARS
Draped Half https://imgur.com/a/pfMHvd1 - 1807 draped Bust Half - confident saying VG obverse and VF reverse - $450 - 1807 Draped Bust Half, obverse is good, decent relief on the stars, but reverse is much better, impressive detail - $330
Sesqui Silver Halves https://imgur.com/a/QMdEwyy - (4) available. 40 each if I pick, 45 if you pick
Capped Bust Half https://imgur.com/a/nEDzel0 - 1810 - $155 - 1817 - $190 - 1822 - $85 - 1832 LL - $70 - 1835 - $105 Seated Half https://imgur.com/a/4hZLRSu

• 1862 S - $70
• 1863 S - $70
• 1864 S (?) - $70
• 1876 CC - $75
• 1877 - $30

BARBER https://imgur.com/a/xt9dgf1 - 1912 VF IMO (visible liberty) - $85 (VF GS is over 100)
DOLLARS
SEATED DOLLAR https://imgur.com/a/vKRAvbI - 1842 Seated Dollar, strong details and beautiful toning - $690
BETTER DATE MORGAN DOLLAR. All priced AG3-G4 unless noted otherwise https://imgur.com/a/A6k6g44 - 1879 O - $30 - 1882 O - $32 - 1883 S - $30 SOLD - 1892 O - $30 - 1894 O - $38 (worse of the two) - 1894 O - $42 SOLD - 1896 O (cull) - $34 - (2) 1896 O (middle 2) - $36 each - 1896 O (F+) - $40 SOLD - 1896 S - $35 SOLD - 1896 S (darker patina one) - $45 - 1898 S (better) - $30 SOLD
PEACE DOLLARS https://imgur.com/a/vjaIC0e - 2 lower condition cheap - both for $51
BUY ALL BELOW SETS FOR A FLAT RATE OF $5 each AND FREE SHIP https://imgur.com/a/fDS5ZCH
Proof Sets - all are $6 each. Some deals here.
1979
(2) 1983
(3) 1984
(2) 1989
(4) 1990
(2) 1991
(2) 1998
(8) 1999
(3) 2000
(5) 2001
(1) 2002
Quarter Proof Set (2) 1999 - $3. Each
Uncirculated Coin Set (P&D) - all are $4.50 each.
(5) 1986 - $4.50
(10) 1998 - $4.50
(4) 1990 - $4.50
RANDOM LOTS: https://imgur.com/a/zzOxibI - 3 worn funny backs (1928, x2 1934) - 1860 & 1883 Farthings - $8 for both - 4 hard date walking liberty halves. Some dates are so worn I could barely see with a loupe. 1916, 1916 D, 1916 D, 1917 D Obv - $50 SOLD - 5 modern Canadian commem coins (2.50FV) - $8
SILVER BAR BOOK https://imgur.com/a/bpnS4QW - 14 x 1oz silver bars, most run $36+ on the sludge site. Solid condition. Comes in a Whitman Silver Ignot book. Binding is slightly off, but in great working shape. Seen this book sell $100+ on its own - comps are there - 14oz bars and book - $500
PREMIUM .999: https://imgur.com/a/jH53v04 - 5oz ATB Ozark Riverways Burnished in Capsule - $175 - 2018 Australian Emu - $34 - 2002 Perth Year of Horse - $48 - (2) 2016 Maples w/ 4 leaf clover privy, milky - $32 SOLD - 1oz Aztec Calendar, light milk - $30 SOLD - 1oz 2022 Niue Darth Vader - $32 SOLD - 1oz 2023 Samoa Batman - $32 SOLD - 1oz Envela Covid Round - $31 SOLD - Slum Metals 4.9oz Hand Pour with COA at 28.5/oz - $140 - (4) 2024 1/2oz Perth Dragons - $24 each

• 6g Canada Bottle Cap - $14

RANDOM NEAT STUFF https://imgur.com/a/U0KWu0j - 2018 WWI Centennial Silver dollar with OGP and COA - $40 - Pamp “Burton Morris” Lucky 7’s slot machine silver - $80 - 2024 Fiji 1oz the Vault, neat piece in original holder - $60
STAR TREK SILVER https://imgur.com/a/X7DrKwY - both come with original box, unique light up display case and COA - 2015 Capt Picard PR70 SLAB (glue has come off the box wrapper) - $95 - 2015 Spock RAW - $85
PREMIUM SLABBED COLORIZED SILVER https://imgur.com/a/q0ls7Ln - 2014 1/2oz 2014 Gilt Niue Stork Proof PF69 - $65 - 2017 1/2oz Tuvalu Harp Seal PR70 w/ box and COA - $68
Random Premium Silver; https://imgur.com/a/HawKebu - (2) TD Bank enameled Year of Dog w/ box. Light spot on one - $40 - Highland mint 1oz rounds. W/box and COA: - Drew Bledsoe - $40 - Marshall Faulk - $40 - Jeff Bagwell - $40 - Legacies of freedom set - 2oz total - 2002 Brittania and 2003 ASE - $65
Shipping;
$5 for GA
$9 for priority
$15 for MFRB
Responsibility leaves my hand once usps says “accepted”. Can assure proper packing before drop off, out of my hands after that.
Will ship promptly, most of the time it is next business day, but no later than 2 business days from funds received
Payment methods:
Zelle
Venmo
Cash app

"阿米特·沙阿：莫迪崛起背後的寧靜、令人畏懼的戰略家
莫迪 (Narendra Modi) 將於六月揭曉他是否創紀錄地連續第三次擔任印度總理。掌權十年後，他無所不在，但在他身邊經常看到一位鮮為人知的政治家，他幫助策劃了印度人民黨 (BJP) 的非凡崛起。
阿米特·沙阿（Amit Shah）經常被稱為印度“第二號人物”，是一位令人敬畏的老朋友、莫迪先生最親密的知己以及他的選舉主宰者背後的大腦。
沙阿是一位強硬的印度教民族主義者，俗稱阿米特拜，他為印度人民黨贏得了許多選舉。他缺乏首相的明星影響力，而且是個更注重隱私的人。但他是一位出色的組織者和競選策略師，一位精明的政治家 - 並且像莫迪先生一樣，是一個極其兩極分化的人物。
他的支持者認為他是“印度教信仰的偉大捍衛者”，但那些敢於反對他的人會發現他是一個可怕的對手。
批評人士稱，他是印度一些最具爭議性立法的推動者，其中包括廢除克什米爾的部分自治——這是印度人民黨幾十年來的宣言承諾——以及一項被認為對穆斯林嚴重歧視的新公民法。
在接受 BBC 採訪時，從學生時代和早期職業生涯起就認識他的朋友和同事——甚至是那些在他短暫入獄期間支持他的人——為他的早年生活提供了難得的見解。他們描述了他非凡成功的秘訣，談到了他對黨的工作人員的深刻忠誠和熱愛，以及對艱苦工作的渴望。
BBC 短篇演示灰線
戰略大師
阿米特·沙阿十年前首次登上全國舞台，當時他在印度選舉最關鍵的邦為印度人民黨帶來了顯著的轉變。
多年來，北方邦一直被視為遙不可及，但在 2014 年大選中，該黨史無前例地贏得了 80 個席位中的 71 個席位。
蓋蒂圖片社 內政部長阿米特·沙阿蓋蒂圖片社
幾十年來，阿米特·沙阿為印度人民黨制定了無數的選舉勝利和贏得選票的政策
「沙阿擁有上帝的恩賜——比查納基亞更敏銳的大腦，」律師兼前印度人民黨政客亞廷·奧扎(Yatin Oza) 說，他與阿米特·沙阿密切合作了數十年，直到兩人鬧翻，並將他比作傳播新冠病毒背後的標誌性印度戰略家。正如阿米特·沙阿的朋友和競爭對手都同意的那樣，他的技能在選舉期間得到了出色的表現。
他在 2014 年成功的基礎上，在 2017 年和 2022 年贏得了歷史性的州議會選舉。
亞廷·奧扎 (Yatin Oza) 表示，他從一開始就知道阿米特·沙阿 (Amit Shah) 有一天會「掌舵」。
“我看到了他身上的火花，他身上的政治精明。我看到一匹馬將贏得大賽。”
艾哈邁達巴德的印度人民黨議員德旺·達尼 (Devang Dani) 與沙阿先生相識已有 30 多年，他表示，他的「首要任務始終是確保他的候選人獲勝」。
「無論是村委會還是議會，沒有什麼選舉是太小的。對阿米特拜來說，每場戰爭都必須獲勝。正是因為莫迪和沙阿，印度人民黨從1984年選舉時的兩個席位增加到2019年的303個席位。
2019 年 5 月 23 日，選舉結果讓總理莫迪以壓倒性優勢贏得第二個五年任期後，阿米特·沙阿在黨總部向印度人民黨工作人員揮手致意
這張 2019 年選舉結果公佈當天的照片捕捉到了阿米特·沙阿 (Amit Shah) 的職業生涯亮點之一——當他的汽車開進德里的黨辦公室時，他微笑著。他從學生政客到權力高層的非凡旅程似乎已經完成。
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這就是一切的開始：
0:47
印度內政部長阿米特·沙阿的朋友參觀他的祖居
阿米特·沙阿 (Amit Shah) 1964 年 10 月 22 日出生於古吉拉特邦小鎮曼薩 (Mansa)。
兒時好友蘇迪爾·達爾吉 (Sudhir Darji) 談到阿米特·沙阿 (Amit Shah) “與祖傳土地的緊密聯繫”以及他定期訪問曼薩 (Mansa)。他帶我們參觀了阿米特·沙阿(Amit Shah) 居住的家庭場地，阿米特·沙阿(Amit Shah) 曾與朋友一起打板球和彈子球，直到16 歲，他的父母才搬到古吉拉特邦最大的城市艾哈邁達巴德(Ahmedab​​ad)。我們在護送下穿過沙阿先生的舊家庭住宅區，穿過隔壁他叔叔的家——一棟寬敞且緊閉的中產階級住宅。
兩個男孩就讀的附近小學，操場、教室、玩具櫃和校鐘半個世紀都沒有改變。達爾吉先生說，小時候，阿米特·沙阿非常溫和，他經常被其他學生欺負，他們會打破他的石板並偷走他的午餐。這兩個男孩也因行為不當而定期被傳喚到校長辦公室。
0:45
印度內政部長阿米特·沙阿的第一所學校
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“汽車的兩個輪子”
阿米特·沙阿(Amit Shah) 於1982 年在艾哈邁達巴德首次見到莫迪(Narendra Modi)，當時他加入了印度人民黨(BJP) 的意識形態源泉— —右翼印度教Rashtriya Swayam Sevak Sangh (RSS)。
莫迪先生當時是 RSS pracharak（傳教士），他建議他的年輕同事加入印度人民黨的學生組織 ABVP。
兩人立即建立了聯繫，隨著莫迪先生的晉升，沙阿先生也隨之晉升。支持者將他們描述為“汽車的兩個輪子”，並將他們與印度教史詩《羅摩衍那》中的拉姆和拉克什曼兄弟進行比較。
2000 年代初古吉拉特邦《印度時報》的編輯、資深記者金舒克·納格(Kingshuk Nag) 表示，這兩個人是完美的組合——納倫德拉·莫迪(Narendra Modi) 靠公眾的奉承而茁壯成長，而阿米特·沙阿(Amit Shah) 則是一個“內向、害羞的人”，遠離外界。
他在幕後工作，建立自己的基礎，贏得朋友和追隨者，並在選舉中擊敗對手和對手。
2019 年 8 月 3 日，印度總理莫迪與內政部長兼印度人民黨主席阿米特·沙阿在德里議會舉行的議會黨會議上
阿米特·沙阿（左）和納倫德拉·莫迪在他們的家鄉吉亞拉特建立了密切的工作關係
「沙阿的重要性在於他能夠為莫迪提供幫助。他可以做很多莫迪做不到的事情。他對莫迪很有用——他是壓路機，可以掃平他前進道路上的障礙。」納格先生說。
他的許多批評者不想公開談論他，說他們真的害怕他。一些官員表示，他的「怪異目光、冷漠眼神和死氣沉沉的面孔」讓他們感到不安。
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他在古吉拉特邦磨練了自己的政治技巧
阿米特·沙阿（Amit Shah）在他的家鄉學習了政治生意，多年來他成為納倫德拉·莫迪（Narendra Modi）的得力助手。
“他善於發現人才，並支持他認為有潛力的年輕人，”自 1987 年起就認識他的親密助手 RD Desai 說道。
這是他的許多早期同事所強調的一個觀點——阿米特·沙阿總是從長遠考慮。
1997 年，莫迪 (Narendra Modi) 從 Sarkhej 選區挑選他作為候選人，首次被選為古吉拉特邦議會議員。他於 1998 年、2002 年和 2007 年擔任該席位，2008 年該席位解散後，他搬到附近的納蘭普拉。他沒有參加 2014 年大選，但在 2019 年當選為甘地訥格爾議員，今年也站在那裡。
2002 年 2 月席捲古吉拉特邦的宗教騷亂及其後果為莫迪與沙阿關係蓬勃發展提供了背景。超過 1,000 人被殺，其中大多數是穆斯林。
2002 年的三天裡，印度教暴徒在古吉拉特邦肆意橫行。
2002年，印度教暴徒在古吉拉特邦連續三天橫衝直撞
時任古吉拉特邦首席部長的莫迪因沒有採取足夠措施阻止大屠殺而受到批評。他否認有任何不當行為，後來被法院證明無罪。
騷亂發生幾個月後，人民黨在兩極分化嚴重的古吉拉特邦贏得州選舉，阿米特·沙阿被任命負責十幾個部會。
向沙阿內政部報告的州警察和檢方因對一些騷亂案件的調查不力而受到最高法院的批評。印度最高法院將其描述為“誤判”，並將兩起備受矚目的案件的審判移出古吉拉特邦。古吉拉特邦政府也在法庭上承認，「州警在登記案件和檢方在記錄證人證據方面存在失誤」。
多年來，阿米特·沙阿本人被指控參與了騷亂，但他否認了這些指控，但這些指控從未得到適當調查。
在薩爾赫吉擁有一套公寓的資深記者拉吉夫·沙阿在《印度時報》上寫道，當他要求他努力恢復騷亂後該地區的和平時，沙阿問他的房子是印度教徒佔多數還是穆斯林占多數區域？
“當我告訴他地點時，他回答說，‘不用擔心。你不會發生任何事情。無論發生什麼事情，都會在另一邊發生’。”
英國廣播公司就此聯繫了沙阿先生的辦公室，但沒有收到回覆。
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謀殺指控和入獄時間
2008 年，阿米特·沙阿(Amit Shah) 的生活開始崩潰，當時他被指控在2005 年法外殺害穆斯林平民索拉布丁·謝赫(Sohrabuddin Sheikh) 及其妻子考薩爾·比(Kausar Bi)。
沙阿先生否認了這些指控，稱這些指控是“出於政治動機”，但他於 2010 年被捕並被指控犯有謀殺和綁架罪。
這個時機對他來說再不合時宜了——在那之前，他一直被廣泛視為莫迪(Narendra Modi)首席部長的未來繼任者。但他不得不辭去內政部長職務，並在監獄裡度過了三個多月。
2010 年 10 月 29 日，阿米特·沙阿 (Amit Shah) 與妻子索納爾·沙阿 (Sonal Shah) 從艾哈邁達巴德的薩巴爾馬蒂監獄獲釋後回家。
2010 年 10 月 29 日，阿米特·沙阿 (Amit Shah) 與妻子索納爾·沙阿 (Sonal Shah) 從艾哈邁達巴德的薩巴爾馬蒂監獄獲釋後回家
當沙阿先生獲得保釋後，法院命令他離開古吉拉特邦，以阻止他影響證人。
去年12月，他回憶起自己的監獄生涯，稱那是“一段艱難的時期”，以及他如何“在五分鐘內從監獄長變成囚犯”。
希特什·巴羅特(Hitesh Barot) 於1988 年在RSS 中首次見到阿米特·沙阿(Amit Shah)，他說這是“上帝對他的考驗，但他最終勝出。他與此案無關，這是假的」。德賽先生獲釋後不久就前往德里探望了他，他說「沙阿將逆境轉化為機會」。
“他說‘我將利用這段時間在德里站穩腳跟，將國大黨趕下台，讓莫迪登上王位’。”
2014 年 12 月，莫迪 (Narendra Modi) 就任總理六個月後，法院為阿米特·沙阿 (Amit Shah) 開釋。法官MB·戈薩維表示，他承認對他的指控是出於政治動機。
儘管聯邦警察在2010 年7 月的指控書中指控沙阿干涉調查，但他們從未對他的無罪釋放提出上訴，導致有人指控他們受到印度人民黨上台的影響，但該黨否認了這一指控。
沙阿先生的無罪釋放也引發了一場令人不快的爭吵。幾天前，審理他案件的法官心臟病發作身亡。家人稱他的死亡可疑，有人試圖賄賂他。所有這些都沒有得到證實，最高法院駁回了進行調查的呼籲。
沙阿先生的辦公室沒有回應英國廣播公司有關其家人指控的問題。
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'我們和他們'
正如他的領導人和導師一樣，阿米特·沙阿經常談到糾正 1947 年印度獨立時開始的「歷史錯誤」。
廢除克什米爾的特殊地位並引入有爭議的《公民身份修正案》（CAA），允許來自巴基斯坦、孟加拉國和阿富汗的非穆斯林宗教少數群體尋求印度公民身份，都是試圖「糾正這些錯誤」。
這項立法引起了全球的譴責，自 2014 年以來，針對印度最大的宗教少數群體、人口超過 2 億的穆斯林的暴力事件不斷增加。
2019年，人權活動人士和美國國務院批評沙阿將非法穆斯林移民描述為“白蟻”，並威脅“將他們扔進孟加拉灣”。在選舉集會上，他經常談到「我們和他們」——他們是穆斯林。
一些分析人士認為他的言論是尖銳的競選活動，但奧札先生認為他們的言論是根深蒂固的個人信念。
「我真的不知道為什麼，但我在第一次見到他的那天就看到了這一點。直到今天，他的憤怒、他的偏見、他對穆斯林的不滿一直是一樣的。他的仇恨和不接受的政策仍然是一樣的，非常堅定、非常嚴格。
沙阿先生的辦公室沒有回應我們有關此事的問題，但他兒時的朋友蘇迪爾·達爾吉（Sudhir Darji）不同意。 “他永遠不會說或做任何反對穆斯林的事情。他的目標是帶領每個人一起前進。”
然而，古吉拉特邦最大的穆斯林聚居區朱哈普拉的居民告訴英國廣播公司，他們的議員忽視了他們。我們也向沙阿先生的辦公室提出了這一點，但沒有收到回應。
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古吉拉特邦最大的穆斯林貧民窟位於阿米特·沙阿的選區
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腐敗指控
莫迪(Narendra Modi) 和阿米特·沙阿(Amit Shah) 經常指責他們的競爭對手腐敗，但2017 年，在一家名為《The Wire》的新聞門戶網站指控沙阿腐敗後，印度人民黨不得不團結在沙阿周圍，為他唯一的兒子、商人傑伊·阿米特·沙阿(Jay Amit Shah) 辯護。
小沙阿和他的父親否認自印度人民黨上台以來他的生意增長了 16,000 倍。他稱該報告“虛假、貶損和誹謗”，並對《火線》提起訴訟。此案至今仍未解決。
2017 年10 月10 日德里舉行的抗議活動中，國會工作人員焚燒了莫迪總理、阿米特·沙阿和傑伊·沙阿的肖像，要求對傑伊·阿米特·沙阿的腐敗指控進行詳細調查。
2017 年，國大黨工作人員抗議傑伊·阿米特·沙阿(Jay Amit Shah) 的腐敗指控，焚燒了莫迪總理、阿米特·沙阿(Amit Shah) 和傑伊·沙阿( Jay Shah) 的肖像
2021 年 1 月，沙阿的兒子被任命為印度板球控制委員會 (BCCI) 秘書，該委員會現金充裕，是印度最受歡迎的運動的管理機構，反對派領導人也指責沙阿先生裙帶關係。
儘管沙阿先生為他的兒子辯護，但莫迪總理卻保持沉默。有人說，這顯示他對莫迪先生有多重要。
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印度未來總理？
首相現年73歲，身體健康。因此，最高職位不太可能很快出現空缺。但每當有人提出問題時，阿米特·沙阿的名字就會出現——莫迪之後，誰？ - 出現。
60歲的內政部長已顯老態，儘管近年來曾多次出現健康問題。
如果他有任何擔任總理的野心，他也沒有明確表達出來。沒有人期望沙阿先生會與總理共事四十多年。
「他是莫迪的得力助手和總司令。莫迪完全信任他，沙阿絕對不會試圖與他作對，」納格先生說。
奧札先生對阿米特·沙阿表示，「如果不是莫迪，那就不是別人了」。
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"阿米特·沙阿：莫迪崛起背后的安静、令人畏惧的战略家
纳伦德拉·莫迪 (Narendra Modi) 将于六月揭晓他是否创纪录地连续第三次担任印度总理。掌权十年后，他无所不在​​，但在他身边经常看到一位鲜为人知的政治家，他帮助策划了印度人民党 (BJP) 的非凡崛起。
阿米特·沙阿（Amit Shah）经常被称为印度“第二号人物”，是一位令人敬畏的老朋友、莫迪先生最亲密的知己以及他的选举主宰者背后的大脑。
沙阿是一位强硬的印度教民族主义者，俗称阿米特拜，他为印度人民党赢得了多次选举。他缺乏首相的明星影响力，而且是一个更加注重隐私的人。但他是一位出色的组织者和竞选策略师，一位精明的政治家 - 并且像莫迪先生一样，是一个极其两极分化的人物。
他的支持者认为他是“印度教信仰的伟大捍卫者”，但那些敢于反对他的人会发现他是一个可怕的对手。
批评人士称，他是印度一些最具争议性立法的推动者，其中包括废除克什米尔的部分自治——这是印度人民党几十年来的宣言承诺——以及一项被认为对穆斯林存在严重歧视的新公民法。
在接受 BBC 采访时，从学生时代和早期职业生涯起就认识他的朋友和同事——甚至是那些在他短暂入狱期间支持他的人——为他的早年生活提供了难得的见解。他们描述了他非凡成功的秘诀，谈到了他对党的工作人员的深深忠诚和热爱，以及对艰苦工作的渴望。
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战略大师
阿米特·沙阿十年前首次登上全国舞台，当时他在印度选举最关键的邦为印度人民党带来了显着的转变。
多年来，北方邦一直被视为遥不可及，但在 2014 年大选中，该党史无前例地赢得了 80 个席位中的 71 个席位。
盖蒂图片社 内政部长阿米特·沙阿盖蒂图片社
几十年来，阿米特·沙阿为印度人民党制定了无数的选举胜利和赢得选票的政策
“沙阿拥有上帝的恩赐——比查纳基亚更敏锐的大脑，”律师兼前印度人民党政客亚廷·奥扎 (Yatin Oza) 说，他与阿米特·沙阿密切合作了数十年，直到两人闹翻，并将他比作传播新冠病毒背后的标志性印度战略家。 2000年前次大陆第一个帝国。正如阿米特·沙阿的朋友和竞争对手都同意的那样，他的技能在选举期间得到了出色的发挥。
他在 2014 年成功的基础上，在 2017 年和 2022 年赢得了历史性的州议会选举。在 2019 年大选中，他带领该党取得了第二次更大的压倒性胜利。
亚廷·奥扎 (Yatin Oza) 表示，他从一开始就知道阿米特·沙阿 (Amit Shah) 有一天会“掌舵”。
“我看到了他身上的火花，他身上的政治精明。我看到一匹马将赢得大赛。”
艾哈迈达巴德的印度人民党议员德旺·达尼 (Devang Dani) 与沙阿先生相识已有 30 多年，他表示，他的“首要任务始终是确保他的候选人获胜”。
“无论是村委会还是议会，没有什么选举是太小的。对阿米特拜来说，每场战争都必须获胜。正是因为莫迪和沙阿，印度人民党从1984年选举时的两个席位增加到2019年的303个席位。”
2019 年 5 月 23 日，选举结果让总理纳伦德拉·莫迪以压倒性优势赢得第二个五年任期后，阿米特·沙阿在党总部向印度人民党工作人员挥手致意
这张 2019 年选举结果公布当天的照片捕捉到了阿米特·沙阿 (Amit Shah) 的职业生涯亮点之一——当他的汽车开进德里的党办公室时，他微笑着。他从学生政客到权力高层的非凡旅程似乎已经完成。
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这就是一切的开始：
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印度内政部长阿米特·沙阿的朋友参观他的祖居
阿米特·沙阿 (Amit Shah) 1964 年 10 月 22 日出生于古吉拉特邦小镇曼萨 (Mansa)。他的父亲 Anilchandra 拥有一家生产 PVC 管道的小企业，母亲 Kusumben 是一名家庭主妇。
儿时好友苏迪尔·达尔吉 (Sudhir Darji) 谈到阿米特·沙阿 (Amit Shah) “与祖传土地的紧密联系”以及他定期访问曼萨 (Mansa)。他带我们参观了阿米特·沙阿 (Amit Shah) 居住的家庭场地，阿米特·沙阿 (Amit Shah) 曾与朋友一起打板球和弹子球，直到 16 岁，他的父母才搬到古吉拉特邦最大的城市艾哈迈达巴德 (Ahmedab​​ad)。我们在护送下穿过沙阿先生的旧家庭住宅区，穿过隔壁他叔叔的家——一栋宽敞且紧闭的中产阶级住宅。
两个男孩就读的附近小学，操场、教室、玩具柜和校钟半个世纪都没有改变。达尔吉先生说，小时候，阿米特·沙阿非常温和，他经常被其他学生欺负，他们会打破他的石板并偷走他的午餐。这两个男孩还因行为不当而定期被传唤到校长办公室。
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印度内政部长阿米特·沙阿的第一所学校
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“汽车的两个轮子”
阿米特·沙阿 (Amit Shah) 于 1982 年在艾哈迈达巴德首次见到纳伦德拉·莫迪 (Narendra Modi)，当时他加入了印度人民党 (BJP) 的意识形态源泉——右翼印度教 Rashtriya Swayam Sevak Sangh (RSS)。
莫迪先生当时是一名 RSS pracharak（传教士），他建议他的年轻同事加入印度人民党的学生组织 ABVP。
两人立即建立了联系，随着莫迪先生的晋升，沙阿先生也随之晋升。支持者将他们描述为“汽车的两个轮子”，并将他们与印度教史诗《罗摩衍那》中的拉姆和拉克什曼兄弟进行比较。
2000 年代初古吉拉特邦《印度时报》的编辑、资深记者金舒克·纳格 (Kingshuk Nag) 表示，这两个人是完美的组合——纳伦德拉·莫迪 (Narendra Modi) 靠公众的奉承而茁壮成长，而阿米特·沙阿 (Amit Shah) 则是一个“内向、害羞的人”，远离外界。成为众人瞩目的焦点。
他在幕后工作，建立自己的基础，赢得朋友和追随者，并在选举中击败对手和对手。
2019 年 8 月 3 日，印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪与内政部长兼印度人民党主席阿米特·沙阿在德里议会举行的议会党会议上
阿米特·沙阿（左）和纳伦德拉·莫迪在他们的家乡吉亚拉特建立了密切的工作关系
“沙阿的重要性在于他能够为莫迪提供帮助。他可以做很多莫迪做不到的事情。他对莫迪很有用——他是压路机，可以扫平他前进道路上的障碍。”纳格先生说。
他的许多批评者不想公开谈论他，说他们真的害怕他。一些官员表示，他的“怪异目光、冷漠眼神和死气沉沉的面孔”让他们感到不安。
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他在古吉拉特邦磨练了自己的政治技巧
阿米特·沙阿（Amit Shah）在他的家乡学习了政治生意，多年来他成为纳伦德拉·莫迪（Narendra Modi）的得力助手。
“他善于发现人才，并支持他认为有潜力的年轻人，”自 1987 年起就认识他的亲密助手 RD Desai 说道。单选，说我必须先建立组织。”
这是他的许多早期同事所强调的一个观点——阿米特·沙阿总是从长远考虑。
1997 年，纳伦德拉·莫迪 (Narendra Modi) 从 Sarkhej 选区挑选他作为候选人，首次当选为古吉拉特邦议会议员。他于 1998 年、2002 年和 2007 年担任该席位，2008 年该席位解散后，他搬到附近的纳兰普拉。他没有参加 2014 年大选，但在 2019 年当选为甘地讷格尔议员，今年也站在那里。
2002 年 2 月席卷古吉拉特邦的宗教骚乱及其后果为莫迪与沙阿关系蓬勃发展提供了背景。超过 1,000 人被杀，其中大多数是穆斯林。
2002 年的三天里，印度教暴徒在古吉拉特邦肆意横行。
2002年，印度教暴徒在古吉拉特邦连续三天横冲直撞
时任古吉拉特邦首席部长的莫迪因没有采取足够措施阻止大屠杀而受到批评。他否认有任何不当行为，后来也被法院证明无罪。
骚乱发生几个月后，人民党在两极分化严重的古吉拉特邦赢得州选举，阿米特·沙阿被任命负责十几个部委。
向沙阿内政部汇报的州警察和检方因对一些骚乱案件的调查不力而受到最高法院的批评。印度最高法院将其描述为“误判”，并将两起备受瞩目的案件的审判移出古吉拉特邦。古吉拉特邦政府还在法庭上承认，“州警察在登记案件和检方在记录证人证据方面存在失误”。
多年来，阿米特·沙阿本人被指控参与了骚乱，但他否认了这些指控，但这些指控从未得到适当调查。
在萨尔赫吉拥有一套公寓的资深记者拉吉夫·沙阿在《印度时报》上写道，当他要求他努力恢复骚乱后该地区的和平时，沙阿问他的房子是印度教徒占多数还是穆斯林占多数区域？
“当我告诉他地点时，他回答说，‘不用担心。你不会发生任何事情。无论发生什么事情，都会在另一边发生’。”
英国广播公司就此联系了沙阿先生的办公室，但没有收到回复。
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谋杀指控和入狱时间
2008 年，阿米特·沙阿 (Amit Shah) 的生活开始崩溃，当时他被指控在 2005 年法外杀害穆斯林平民索拉布丁·谢赫 (Sohrabuddin Sheikh) 及其妻子考萨尔·比 (Kausar Bi)。
沙阿先生否认了这些指控，称这些指控是“出于政治动机”，但他于 2010 年被捕并被指控犯有谋杀和绑架罪。
这个时机对他来说再不合时宜了——在那之前，他一直被广泛视为纳伦德拉·莫迪(Narendra Modi)首席部长的未来继任者。但他不得不辞去内政部长职务，并在监狱里度过了三个多月。
2010 年 10 月 29 日，阿米特·沙阿 (Amit Shah) 与妻子索纳尔·沙阿 (Sonal Shah) 从艾哈迈达巴德的萨巴尔马蒂监狱获释后回家。
2010 年 10 月 29 日，阿米特·沙阿 (Amit Shah) 与妻子索纳尔·沙阿 (Sonal Shah) 从艾哈迈达巴德的萨巴尔马蒂监狱获释后回家
当沙阿先生获得保释后，法院命令他离开古吉拉特邦，以阻止他影响证人。
去年12月，他回忆起自己的监狱生涯，称那是“一段艰难的时期”，以及他如何“在五分钟内从监狱长变成囚犯”。
希特什·巴罗特 (Hitesh Barot) 于 1988 年在 RSS 中首次见到阿米特·沙阿 (Amit Shah)，他说这是“上帝对他的考验，但他最终胜出。他与此案无关，这是假的”。德赛先生获释后不久就前往德里探望了他，他说“沙阿将逆境转化为机遇”。
“他说‘我将利用这段时间在德里站稳脚跟，将国大党赶下台，让莫迪登上王位’。”
2014 年 12 月，纳伦德拉·莫迪 (Narendra Modi) 就任总理六个月后，法院为阿米特·沙阿 (Amit Shah) 开释。法官MB·戈萨维表示，他承认对他的指控是出于政治动机。
尽管联邦警察在 2010 年 7 月的指控书中指控沙阿干涉调查，但他们从未对他的无罪释放提出上诉，导致有人指控他们受到印度人民党上台的影响，但该党否认了这一指控。
沙阿先生的无罪释放也引发了一场令人不快的争吵。几天前，审理他案件的法官心脏病发作身亡。家人称他的死亡可疑，有人试图贿赂他。所有这些都没有得到证实，最高法院驳回了进行调查的呼吁。
沙阿先生的办公室没有回应英国广播公司有关其家人指控的问题。
BBC 短篇演示灰线
'我们和他们'
正如他的领导人和导师一样，阿米特·沙阿经常谈到纠正 1947 年印度独立时开始的“历史错误”。
废除克什米尔的特殊地位并引入有争议的《公民身份修正案》（CAA），允许来自巴基斯坦、孟加拉国和阿富汗的非穆斯林宗教少数群体寻求印度公民身份，都是试图“纠正这些错误”。
这项立法引起了全球的谴责，而自 2014 年以来，针对印度最大的宗教少数群体、人口超过 2 亿的穆斯林的暴力事件不断增加。
2019年，人权活动人士和美国国务院批评沙阿将非法穆斯林移民描述为“白蚁”，并威胁“将他们扔进孟加拉湾”。在选举集会上，他经常谈到“我们和他们”——他们是穆斯林。
一些分析人士认为他的言论是尖锐的竞选活动，但奥扎先生认为他们的言论是根深蒂固的个人信念。
“我真的不知道为什么，但我在第一次见到他的那天就看到了这一点。直到今天，他的愤怒、他的偏见、他对穆斯林的不满一直是一样的。他的仇恨和不接受的政策仍然是一样的，非常坚定、非常严格。”
沙阿先生的办公室没有回应我们有关此事的问题，但他儿时的朋友苏迪尔·达尔吉（Sudhir Darji）不同意。 “他永远不会说或做任何反对穆斯林的事情。他的目标是带领每个人一起前进。”
然而，古吉拉特邦最大的穆斯林聚居区朱哈普拉的居民告诉英国广播公司，他们的议员忽视了他们。我们也向沙阿先生的办公室提出了这一点，但没有收到回复。
0:21
古吉拉特邦最大的穆斯林贫民窟位于阿米特·沙阿的选区
BBC 短篇演示灰线
腐败指控
纳伦德拉·莫迪 (Narendra Modi) 和阿米特·沙阿 (Amit Shah) 经常指责他们的竞争对手腐败，但 2017 年，在一家名为《The Wire》的新闻门户网站指控沙阿腐败后，印度人民党不得不团结在沙阿周围，为他唯一的儿子、商人杰伊·阿米特·沙阿 (Jay Amit Shah) 辩护。
小沙阿和他的父亲否认自印度人民党上台以来他的生意增长了 16,000 倍。他称该报告“虚假、贬损和诽谤”，并对《火线》提起诉讼。此案至今仍未解决。
2017 年 10 月 10 日德里举行的抗议活动中，国会工作人员焚烧了莫迪总理、阿米特·沙阿和杰伊·沙阿的肖像，要求对杰伊·阿米特·沙阿的腐败指控进行详细调查。
2017 年，国大党工作人员抗议杰伊·阿米特·沙阿 (Jay Amit Shah) 的腐败指控，焚烧了莫迪总理、阿米特·沙阿 (Amit Shah) 和杰伊·沙阿 (Jay Shah) 的肖像
2021 年 1 月，沙阿的儿子被任命为印度板球控制委员会 (BCCI) 秘书，该委员会现金充裕，是印度最受欢迎的运动的管理机构，反对派领导人还指责沙阿先生裙带关系。
尽管沙阿先生为他的儿子辩护，但莫迪总理却保持沉默。有人说，这表明他对莫迪先生有多重要。
BBC 短篇演示灰线
印度未来总理？
首相现年73岁，身体健康。因此，最高职位不太可能很快出现空缺。但每当有人提出问题时，阿米特·沙阿的名字就会出现——莫迪之后，谁？ - 出现。
60岁的内政部长已显老态，尽管他近年来曾多次出现健康问题。
如果他有任何担任总理的野心，他也没有明确表达出来。没有人期望沙阿先生会与总理共事四十多年。
“他是莫迪的得力助手和总司令。莫迪完全信任他，沙阿绝不会试图与他作对，”纳格先生说。
奥扎先生对阿米特·沙阿表示，“如果不是莫迪，那就不是别人了”。
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"Amit Shah: L-istrateġista kwiet u biża 'wara ż-żieda ta' Modi
Narendra Modi se jsir jaf f’Ġunju jekk rebaħx it-tielet mandat konsekuttiv rekord bħala Prim Ministru tal-Indja. Wara għaxar snin fil-poter huwa omnipreżenti - iżda ta' spiss jidher mal-ġenb tiegħu huwa politiku li ma tantx jitkellem dwaru, li għen biex imexxi l-lok straordinarju tal-Partit Bharatiya Janata (BJP).
Amit Shah - spiss imsejjaħ ""it-tieni l-iktar raġel b'saħħtu"" ta' l-Indja - huwa ħabib antik formidabbli, l-eqreb kunfidant tas-Sur Modi u l-imħuħ wara l-juggernaut elettorali tiegħu.
Nazzjonalist Hindu iebes magħruf popolarment bħala Amitbhai, is-Sur Shah fassal bosta rebħiet elettorali għall-BJP. Huwa nieqes mill-qawwa tal-istilla tal-PM u huwa bniedem aktar privat. Iżda huwa organizzatur eċċellenti u strateġ tal-kampanja, politiku għaqli - u bħas-Sur Modi, figura polarizzanti immens.
Il-partitarji tiegħu jqisuh bħala “d-difensur kbir tal-fidi hindu” iżda dawk li jiżżardaw jaqsmuh isibu avversarju biża’.
Il-kritiċi jgħidu li huwa l-mutur wara xi wħud mill-aktar leġiżlazzjoni kontroversjali tal-Indja, inkluż it-tneħħija tal-awtonomija parzjali tal-Kashmir - li kienet wegħda manifest tal-BJP għal għexieren ta 'snin - u liġi ġdida dwar iċ-ċittadinanza li ġiet deskritta bħala profondament diskriminatorja lejn il-Musulmani.
Waqt li tkellmu mal-BBC, ħbieb u kollegi li ilhom jafuh minn żmien l-iskola u l-karriera bikrija tiegħu - anke dawk li qagħdu miegħu waqt li kien il-ħabs għal żmien qasir - ipprovdew ħarsa rari tal-bidu tal-ħajja tiegħu. Huma ddeskrivew dak li raw bħala s-sigriet tas-suċċess straordinarju tiegħu, tkellmu dwar il-lealtà u l-affezzjoni profonda tiegħu lejn il-ħaddiema tal-partit, u l-aptit għal xogħol iebes.
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Il-kaptan strateġist
Amit Shah daħal għall-ewwel darba fix-xena nazzjonali għaxar snin ilu meta fassal bidla notevoli għall-BJP fl-iktar stat elettorament kruċjali tal-Indja.
Għal snin sħaħ, Uttar Pradesh kien meqjus bħala li ma jistax jintlaħaq, iżda fl-elezzjoni ġenerali tal-2014 il-partit rebaħ 71 mingħajr preċedent mit-80 siġġu tiegħu.
Getty Images Il-Ministru tal-Intern Amit ShahGetty Images
Amit Shah ħoloq bosta rebħiet elettorali u politiki ta’ rebbieħa tal-voti għall-BJP matul l-għexieren ta’ snin
""Shah għandu rigal ta' Alla - moħħ aktar qawwi minn Chanakya,"" jgħid Yatin Oza, avukat u eks-politiku tal-BJP li ħadem mill-qrib ma' Amit Shah għal għexieren ta' snin sakemm it-tnejn waqgħu, u qabbilh mal-istrateġist emblematiku Indjan wara t-tixrid tal- l-ewwel imperu tas-subkontinent 2,000 sena ilu. U kif il-ħbieb u r-rivali ta’ Amit Shah jaqblu kollha, il-ħiliet tiegħu jintużaw b’mod brillanti fi żmien l-elezzjoni.
Huwa bena fuq is-suċċess tal-2014 b'rebħiet storiċi fl-elezzjoni tal-assemblea tal-istat fl-2017 u fl-2022. U fl-elezzjoni ġenerali tal-2019, wassal lill-partit għat-tieni, saħansitra akbar valanga.
Yatin Oza jgħid li mill-bidu kien jaf li xi darba Amit Shah kien se “jkun fit-tmun”.
""Rajt dik ix-xrara fih, dik l-għaqal politika fih. Rajt żiemel se jirbaħ tiġrijiet kbar.""
Devang Dani, kunsillier tal-BJP f'Ahmedabad li ilu jaf lis-Sur Shah għal aktar minn 30 sena, jgħid li ""l-prijorità tiegħu dejjem kienet li jiżgura li l-kandidat tiegħu jirbaħ"".
""Sew jekk hu l-kunsill tar-raħal jew il-parlament, l-ebda elezzjoni mhi żgħira wisq. Għal Amitbhai, kull gwerra trid tintrebaħ. Huwa minħabba Modi u Shah li l-BJP mar minn żewġ siġġijiet fl-elezzjoni tal-1984 għal 303 fl-2019.""
Getty Images Amit Shah mewriet lill-ħaddiema tal-BJP fil-kwartieri ġenerali tal-partit fit-23 ta' Mejju 2019 wara li r-riżultati tal-elezzjoni taw rebħa kbira lill-Prim Ministru Narendra Modi għat-tieni terminu ta' ħames sninGetty Images
Dan ir-ritratt mill-jum li fih tħabbru r-riżultati tal-elezzjoni tal-2019 jaqbad wieħed mill-punti ewlenin tal-karriera ta’ Amit Shah - hu ħarġet hekk kif il-karozza tiegħu daħlet fl-uffiċċju tal-partit f’Delhi. Il-vjaġġ notevoli tiegħu minn politiku student għall-livelli ogħla tal-poter deher komplut.
BBC Qasira preżentazzjoni griża linja
Dan huwa fejn kollox beda:
0:47
Ħabib tal-Ministru tal-Intern Indjan Amit Shah jagħti dawra tad-dar tal-antenati tiegħu
Amit Shah twieled f'Mansa, belt żgħira fl-istat ta' Gujarat, fit-22 ta' Ottubru 1964. Missieru, Anilchandra, kellu negozju żgħir li jagħmel pajpijiet tal-PVC u ommu Kusumben kienet mara tad-dar.
Il-ħabib tat-tfulija Sudhir Darji jitkellem dwar il-“konnessjoni qawwija ta’ Amit Shah mal-art tal-antenati tiegħu” u ż-żjarat regolari tiegħu f’Mansa. Jagħtina dawra fl-art tal-familja fejn għex Amit Shah, jilgħab il-cricket u l-irħam mal-ħbieb, sal-età ta’ 16-il sena qabel ma l-ġenituri tiegħu marru joqogħdu f’Ahmedabad, l-akbar belt ta’ Gujarat. Aħna skortati fil-kumpless tal-familja antik tas-Sur Shah permezz tad-dar ta 'ziju tiegħu - abitazzjoni ta' klassi tan-nofs spazjuża u magħluqa - bieb maġenb.
Fl-iskola primarja fil-qrib attendew iż-żewġ subien, il-bitħa, il-klassijiet, l-armarju tal-logħob u l-qanpiena tal-iskola ma nbidlux f’nofs seklu. Bħala tifel, jgħid is-Sur Darji, Amit Shah kien pjuttost ħafif - kien ibbuljat ftit minn studenti oħra li kienu jiksru l-lavanja tiegħu u jisirqulu l-ikla. Iż-żewġ subien kienu mħarrka wkoll regolarment fl-uffiċċju tal-prinċipal talli ġabu ruħhom ħażin.
0:45
L-ewwel skola tal-Ministru tal-Intern tal-Indja Amit Shah
BBC Qasira preżentazzjoni griża linja
'Żewġ roti ta' karozza'
Amit Shah iltaqa' ma' Narendra Modi għall-ewwel darba fl-1982 f'Ahmedabad meta ngħaqad mal-lemin Hindu Rashtriya Swayam Sevak Sangh (RSS), il-fontana ideoloġika tal-BJP.
Is-Sur Modi, RSS pracharak (predikatur) dak iż-żmien, ta parir lill-kollega iżgħar tiegħu biex jingħaqad mal-fergħa studenteska tal-BJP, l-ABVP.
It-tnejn iffurmaw rabta immedjata u hekk kif is-Sur Modi tela 'fil-gradi, hekk għamel is-Sur Shah. Il-partitarji jiddeskrivuhom bħala “żewġ roti ta’ karozza” u jqabbluhom mal-aħwa Ram u Lakshman mill-epika Hindu Ramayana.
Il-ġurnalist anzjan Kingshuk Nag, editur tat-Times of India fil-Gujarat fil-bidu tas-snin 2000, jgħid li t-tnejn kienu tajbin perfettament - Narendra Modi li għebet fuq l-adulazzjoni pubblika kien il-wiċċ, Amit Shah ""persuna privata u mistħija"" li żammet 'il bogħod minn il-limelight.
Ħadem wara l-kwinti, bena l-bażi tiegħu, rebaħ ħbieb u segwaċi, u għeleb lir-rivali u l-avversarji fl-elezzjonijiet.
Getty Images Il-PM Narendra Modi mal-Ministru tal-Intern u l-president tal-BJP Amit Shah f'laqgħa tal-Partit Parlamentari fil-Parlament f'Delhi fit-3 ta' Awwissu 2019Getty Images
Amit Shah (xellug) u Narendra Modi ffurmaw ir-relazzjoni ta’ ħidma mill-qrib tagħhom f’Guiarat, fejn it-tnejn ġejjin minn
""L-importanza ta 'Shah tinsab fil-fatt li huwa kapaċi jwassal il-merkanzija għal Modi. Jista' jagħmel ħafna affarijiet li Modi ma jistax. Huwa utli għal Modi - huwa t-road roller li jċatt l-ostakli fi triqtu, "" Is-Sur Nag jgħid.
Ħafna mill-kritiċi tiegħu ma ridux jitkellmu dwaru fil-miftuħ, u qalu li ġenwinament jibżgħu minnu. Xi burokrati qalu li huma mqanqla mill-""ħarsa stramba, għajnejn ġebli u wiċċu mejjet"".
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Huwa saħħaħ il-ħiliet politiċi tiegħu f'Gujarat
Amit Shah tgħallem il-kummerċ politiku tiegħu fl-istat ta’ oriġini tiegħu u matul is-snin stabbilixxa lilu nnifsu bħala l-id il-leminija ta’ Narendra Modi.
""Kien tajjeb biex isib it-talent u appoġġja żgħażagħ li kien jemmen li kellhom potenzjal,"" jgħid RD Desai, assistent mill-qrib li ilu jaf lilu mill-1987. ""Iżda għal aktar minn għaxar snin u nofs wara li ngħaqad mal-politika, huwa ma kkontestax elezzjoni waħda, billi ngħid li l-ewwel irrid nibni l-organizzazzjoni.""
Dik hija ħarsa li ħafna mill-kollegi bikrija tiegħu jenfasizzaw - Amit Shah dejjem jilgħab il-logħba fit-tul.
Huwa ġie elett għall-ewwel darba fl-assemblea ta' Gujarat fl-1997 meta Narendra Modi għażlu bħala kandidat mill-kostitwenza ta' Sarkhej. Huwa żammha fl-1998, 2002 u 2007 u wara x-xoljiment tas-siġġu fl-2008, mar joqgħod f'Naranpura fil-qrib. Huwa ma kkontestax l-elezzjoni ġenerali tal-2014, iżda kien elett deputat għal Gandhinagar fl-2019 u qiegħed hemm din is-sena wkoll.
L-irvellijiet reliġjużi li ħakmu lil Gujarat fi Frar 2002 u l-konsegwenzi tagħhom ipprovdew l-isfond li fuqu ffjorixxiet ir-relazzjoni Modi-Shah. Inqatlu aktar minn 1,000 ruħ, ħafna minnhom Musulmani.
Getty Images Għal tlett ijiem fl-2002, mobs Hindu kellhom ġirja ħielsa f'GujaratGetty Images
Għal tlett ijiem fl-2002, mobs Hindu marru fuq il-fuq f’Gujarat
Is-Sur Modi, li dak iż-żmien kien Prim Ministru tal-Gujarat, ġie kkritikat talli ma għamel biżżejjed biex jipprevjeni l-karnaġġjon. Huwa ċaħad kull aġir ħażin u aktar tard ġie kklerjat mill-qrati wkoll.
Ftit xhur wara l-irvellijiet meta l-BJP rebaħ l-elezzjonijiet statali f’Gujarat polarizzat ħafna, Amit Shah ingħata t-tmexxija ta’ tużżana ministeri.
Il-pulizija tal-istat u l-prosekuzzjoni, li rrappurtaw lill-ministeru tad-dar tas-Sur Shah, ġew ikkritikati mill-Qorti Suprema għall-investigazzjonijiet skarsi tagħhom f'xi wħud mill-każijiet ta 'irvellijiet. Waqt li ddeskrivietha bħala ""abort tal-ġustizzja"", l-ogħla qorti tal-Indja ressqet proċessi f'żewġ każijiet ta' profil għoli 'l barra minn Gujarat. Il-gvern ta’ Gujarat ammetta wkoll fil-qorti li kien hemm “fallimenti min-naħa tal-pulizija tal-istat fir-reġistrazzjoni tal-każijiet u min-naħa tal-prosekuzzjoni fir-reġistrazzjoni tal-provi tax-xhieda”.
Matul is-snin, Amit Shah innifsu kien akkużat bi rwol fl-irvellijiet, iżda l-allegazzjonijiet, li huwa ċaħad, qatt ma ġew investigati kif suppost.
Il-ġurnalist anzjan Rajiv Shah, li kellu appartament f’Sarkhej, kiteb fit-Times of India li meta talbu jaħdem biex jerġa’ jġib il-paċi fiż-żona wara l-irvellijiet, is-Sur Shah staqsieh jekk id-dar tiegħu kinitx fil-maġġoranza hindu jew Musulmana. żona?
""Meta għidtlu l-post, hu wieġeb,"" Tiddejjaqx. Mhu se jiġrilek xejn. Jiġru xi inċidenti se jseħħu fuq in-naħa l-oħra "".
Il-BBC kkuntattjat lill-uffiċċju tas-Sur Shah dwar dan iżda ma rċevietx tweġiba.
BBC Qasira preżentazzjoni griża linja
Akkużi ta' qtil u żmien il-ħabs
Il-ħajja ta’ Amit Shah bdiet tixxerja fl-2008 meta kien akkużat bil-qtil extra-ġudizzjarju fl-2005 ta’ Sohrabuddin Sheikh, ċivili Musulman, u martu Kausar Bi.
Is-Sur Shah ċaħad l-akkużi billi sejħilhom ""motivati ​​politikament"", iżda kien arrestat u akkużat bi qtil u ħtif fl-2010.
Iż-żmien ma setax kien iktar inopportun għalih – sa dak iż-żmien, kien meqjus b’mod wiesa’ bħala suċċessur futur ta’ Narendra Modi bħala kap ministru. Iżda kellu jirriżenja minn Ministru tal-Intern tal-istat u qatta’ aktar minn tliet xhur ħabs.
Getty Images Amit Shah ma' martu Sonal Shah mal-wasla tiegħu d-dar wara l-ħelsien tiegħu mill-Ħabs ta' Sabarmati f'Ahmedabad fid-29 ta' Ottubru 2010Getty Images
Amit Shah ma' martu Sonal Shah mal-wasla tiegħu d-dar wara l-ħelsien tiegħu mill-Ħabs ta' Sabarmati f'Ahmedabad fid-29 ta' Ottubru 2010
Meta s-Sur Shah inħeles fuq pleġġ, il-qorti ordnatlu jitlaq minn Gujarat biex iwaqqafh milli jinfluwenza lix-xhieda.
F’Diċembru li għadda, huwa fakkar l-istadju tiegħu fil-ħabs, u qal li kien “perjodu iebsa” u kif mar “minn ikun ministru tal-ħabs għal priġunier f’ħames minuti”.
Hitesh Barot, li ltaqa' ma' Amit Shah għall-ewwel darba fl-1988 fl-RSS, jgħid li kien ""Alla jittestjah, iżda ħareġ minn fuq. Ma kellu xejn x'jaqsam mal-każ, kien falz"". Is-Sur Desai, li żarlu f'Delhi ftit wara l-ħelsien tiegħu, jgħid ""Shah bidlet id-diffikultajiet f'opportunità"".
""Hu qal"" Se nuża dan iż-żmien biex nistabbilixxi ruħi f'Delhi u nkeċċi lill-partit tal-Kungress mill-poter u npoġġi lil Modi fuq it-tron"".
F'Diċembru 2014, sitt xhur wara li Narendra Modi sar Prim Ministru, il-qorti approvat lil Amit Shah. L-Imħallef MB Gosavi qal li aċċetta li l-akkużi kontrih kienu motivati ​​politikament.
Għalkemm il-pulizija federali fl-iskeda tal-akkużi tagħhom f'Lulju 2010 kienet akkużat lis-Sur Shah b'indħil fl-investigazzjoni, huma qatt ma appellaw kontra l-liberazzjoni tiegħu, li wassal għal allegazzjonijiet li kienu influwenzati mill-BJP li jasal fil-poter, akkuża li l-partit jiċħad.
Il-liberazzjoni tas-Sur Shah kienet ukoll imdawra b'filliera mhux mixtieqa. Ġranet qabel, l-imħallef li kien qed jisma’ l-każ tiegħu sofra attakk tal-qalb fatali. Membri tal-familja allegaw li l-mewt tiegħu kienet suspettuża u li kien hemm tentattiv biex tixħimh. Xejn minn dan qatt ma ġie ppruvat u l-Qorti Suprema ċaħdet sejħiet għal investigazzjoni.
L-uffiċċju tas-Sur Shah ma weġibx għall-mistoqsijiet tal-BBC dwar l-allegazzjonijiet tal-familja.
BBC Qasira preżentazzjoni griża linja
'Aħna u huma'
L-istess bħall-mexxej u l-parrinu tiegħu, Amit Shah ta’ spiss tkellem dwar it-tiswija ta’ “żbalji storiċi” li bdew meta l-Indja saret indipendenti fl-1947.
L-iskrappjar tal-istatus speċjali tal-Kashmir u l-introduzzjoni tal-Att kontroversjali tal-Emenda taċ-Ċittadinanza (CAA), li jippermetti minoranzi reliġjużi mhux Musulmani mill-Pakistan, il-Bangladexx u l-Afganistan li jfittxu ċittadinanza Indjana, kienu tentattivi biex ""jirranġaw dawk il-ħażin"".
Il-leġiżlazzjoni ġibdet kundanna globali – u waslet hekk kif każijiet ta’ vjolenza kontra l-Musulmani, l-akbar minoranza reliġjuża tal-Indja b’popolazzjoni ta’ aktar minn 200 miljun, ilhom jiżdiedu mill-2014.
Fl-2019, attivisti tad-drittijiet tal-bniedem u d-Dipartiment tal-Istat tal-Istati Uniti kkritikaw lis-Sur Shah talli ddeskriva lill-immigranti Musulmani illegali bħala ""termites"" u hedded li ""jarmihom fil-Bajja ta' Bengal"". F’manifestazzjonijiet elettorali, huwa regolarment jitkellem dwar “aħna u huma” – li huma Musulmani.
Xi analisti jaraw il-lingwa tiegħu bħala kampanji stridenti, iżda s-Sur Oza jemmen li huma twemmin personali msaħħa.
""Tassew ma nafx għaliex imma rajtu dakinhar li ltqajt miegħu għall-ewwel darba. U sal-lum, ir-rabja tiegħu, il-preġudizzju tiegħu, in-nuqqas ta' sodisfazzjon tiegħu lejn il-Musulmani kienu l-istess. Il-mibegħda u l-politika tiegħu ta' non-aċċettazzjoni baqgħu l-istess u sod ħafna u riġidu ħafna.""
L-uffiċċju tas-Sur Shah ma weġibx għall-mistoqsijiet tagħna dwar dan iżda l-ħabib tiegħu tat-tfulija Sudhir Darji ma jaqbilx. ""Hu qatt mhu se jgħid jew jagħmel xejn kontra l-Musulmani. L-għan tiegħu huwa li jmexxi lil kulħadd 'il quddiem, flimkien.""
Ir-residenti ta’ Juhapura, l-akbar ghetto Musulman ta’ Gujarat li jaqa’ fil-kostitwenza tiegħu, madankollu, qalu lill-BBC li l-MP tagħhom kien ttraskurahom. Poġġejna dan il-punt lill-uffiċċju tas-Sur Shah ukoll, iżda ma smajniex lura.
0:21
L-akbar ghetto Musulmani ta’ Gujarat jinsab fil-kostitwenza ta’ Amit Shah
BBC Qasira preżentazzjoni griża linja
L-akkużi ta' korruzzjoni
Narendra Modi u Amit Shah spiss jakkużaw lir-rivali tagħhom b'korruzzjoni, iżda fl-2017, il-BJP kellu jlaqqa' madwar is-Sur Shah biex jiddefendi l-uniku ibnu - in-negozjant Jay Amit Shah - wara li portal tal-aħbarijiet imsejjaħ The Wire akkużah b'korruzzjoni.
Shah junior - u missieru - ċaħdu li n-negozju tiegħu kiber 16,000 darba minn meta l-BJP ħa l-poter. Huwa sejjaħ ir-rapport bħala “falz, dispreġjattiv u malafamanti” u fittex lil The Wire. Il-każ għadu ma ġiex solvut.
Il-ħaddiema tal-Kungress ta' Getty Images, li jitolbu investigazzjoni dettaljata dwar allegazzjonijiet ta' korruzzjoni kontra Jay Amit Shah, ħarqu effiġi tal-PM Modi, Amit Shah u Jay Shah waqt protesta fl-10 ta' Ottubru 2017 f'DelhiGetty Images
Ħaddiema tal-partit tal-Kungress li qed jipprotestaw għal allegazzjonijiet ta’ korruzzjoni kontra Jay Amit Shah, ħarqu effiġijiet tal-PM Modi, Amit Shah u Jay Shah fl-2017
Il-mexxejja tal-Oppożizzjoni akkużaw ukoll lis-Sur Shah b’nepotiżmu f’Jannar tal-2021 meta ibnu nħatar segretarju tal-Bord tal-Kontroll tal-Cricket fl-Indja (BCCI), il-korp governattiv b’ħafna flus kontanti tal-aktar sport popolari tal-Indja.
Filwaqt li s-Sur Shah iddefenda lil ibnu, il-PM Modi baqa’ sieket. U dan, jgħidu xi wħud, huwa indikazzjoni ta’ kemm hu importanti għas-Sur Modi.
BBC Qosra preżentazzjoni griża linja
Prim Ministru futur tal-Indja?
Il-Prim Ministru għandu 73 sena u f'saħħtu. Għalhekk mhux probabbli li dalwaqt ikun hemm post vakanti għall-aqwa impjieg. Iżda l-isem ta 'Amit Shah jitfaċċa kull meta l-mistoqsija - wara Modi, min? - tqum.
Ta’ 60 sena, l-età tidher min-naħa tal-Ministru tal-Intern, għalkemm kellu diversi biża’ għas-saħħa f’dawn l-aħħar snin.
Jekk għandu xi ambizzjoni prim ministerjali, hu ma artikolahiex. U ħadd ma jistenna li s-Sur Shah jaqsam il-PM, li ħadem miegħu għal aktar minn erba’ deċennji.
""Huwa l-lemin ta 'Modi u l-kmandant in-kap. Modi jafdah bis-sħiħ u huwa fatt li Shah qatt ma jipprova jaqsam lilu,"" jgħid is-Sur Nag.
Is-Sur Oza jgħid għal Amit Shah ""huwa dejjem, jekk mhux Modi, allura huwa ħadd ieħor"".
Il-vidjows kollha ta' Anshul Verma
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68653573
—
L-Amazon Deals tal-lum (Afljat) - https://amzn.to/3FeoGyg
Li ssir Kattoliku jagħtik pedament sod għad-destin etern tiegħek. Il-fidi Kattolika tirrappreżenta l-aktar sistema ta’ ideat kumplessa, konsistenti u kompleta fost il-filosofiji kollha tal-umanità li jikkompetu. Huwa katidral veru tal-ħsieb uman. Il-Knisja Kattolika tgħallem li Alla tant iħobbna li bagħat lil Ibnu l-waħdieni biex imut għal dnubietna u jqum mill-ġdid għas-salvazzjoni tagħna. Billi nemmnu f’Ġesù Kristu bħala Sidna u Salvatur tagħna, nistgħu nirċievu l-grazzja t’Alla u ngħixu miegħu għal dejjem fis-sema. - https://www.vaticannews.va/en.html
Radio Maria Greater China (Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan) - http://www.voiceofmary.org.mo/ - “Radio Maria huwa rigal mill-Madonna. Permezz tal-programmazzjoni, kull prodott editorjali, u l-attivitajiet kollha tagħna, irridu nkunu radju ta’ talb u evanġelizzazzjoni b’impronta Marjana qawwija u sejħa għall-konverżjoni.” (Fr. Livio)
Radju Marija jwieġeb għall-istedina kontinwa ta’ Ġesù: “Mur fid-dinja kollha u ħabbar l-Evanġelju lil kull ħlejqa” (Mk 16:15).
It-temi ewlenin tal-ipprogrammar tagħna huma:
Talb;
Is-sejħa għall-konverżjoni;
Evanġelizzazzjoni;
Formazzjoni umana u soċjali;
Aħbarijiet mill-Knisja u mis-soċjetà.
VisitMalta: Ikseb l-informazzjoni kollha li għandek bżonn għall-vjaġġ tiegħek lejn Malta! Ibbukkja biljetti, skopri postijiet ġodda biex iżżur, sib affarijiet aqwa x'tagħmel u aktar! - https://www.visitmalta.com/
Ċaħda ta' responsabbiltà: Dan is-sit huwa għal skopijiet informattivi biss u m'għandux jitqies parir legali [saħħa, taxxa, professjoni]. Aħna m'aħniex responsabbli għal kwalunkwe telf, ħsarat, jew obbligazzjonijiet li jistgħu jinqalgħu mill-użu ta 'dan il-blog. Dan il-blog mhux maħsub biex jissostitwixxi parir mediku professjonali. Il-fehmiet espressi f'dan il-blog jistgħu ma jkunux dawk tal-host jew tal-maniġment.
https://www.reddit.com/SinoMaltaNews
http://sinomaltanews.freeforums.net/
"

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Park, The	$5.19	$12.99	60% off	Matches low
Phoenix Wright Ace Attorney Trilogy	$13.19	$39.99	67% off	Matches low
Plague Inc: Evolved	$5.24	$14.99	65% off	Matches low
Prodeus	$23.79	$33.99	30% off	Matches low
Record Of Lodoss War-deedlit In Wonder Labyrinth-	$15.99	$31.99	50% off	New Lowest
Resident Evil	$6.49	$25.99	75% off	Matches low
Resident Evil 0	$6.49	$25.99	75% off	Matches low
Resident Evil 2	$13.74	$54.99	75% off	Matches low
Resident Evil 3	$12.49	$49.99	75% off	Matches low
Resident Evil 4	$6.24	$24.99	75% off	Matches low
Resident Evil 5	$6.24	$24.99	75% off	Matches low
Resident Evil 6	$6.24	$24.99	75% off	Matches low
Resident Evil 7 Biohazard	$10.79	$26.99	60% off	Matches low
Resident Evil Code: Veronica X	$3.99	$19.99	80% off	Matches low
Resident Evil Revelations 1 And 2 Bundle	$9.99	$39.99	75% off	Matches low
Resident Evil Village	$19.99	$49.99	60% off	Matches low
Riddled Corpses Ex	$1.49	$9.99	85% off	Lowest price $0.99 on 2021-12-14
Ride 3	$3.99	$39.99	90% off	Matches low
Ride 3 - Gold Edition	$7.99	$79.99	90% off	New Lowest
Rise Of Insanity	$3.83	$12.79	70% off	Matches low
Romance Of The Three Kingdoms Xiii: Fame And Strategy Expansion Pack Bundle	$35.99	$89.99	60% off	Lowest price $13.49 on 2019-11-10
Romancing Saga 2	$9.59	$31.99	70% off	Lowest price $6.39 on 2023-12-14
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Saints Row®: The Third™ Remastered	$39.99	$39.99	0% off	Lowest price $10.99 on 2024-3-29
Scorn	$17.15	$51.99	67% off	Lowest price $15.59 on 2024-1-3
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Seum: Speedrunners From Hell	$1.49	$14.99	90% off	Matches low
Shenmue	$5.99	$39.99	85% off	Matches low
Shiness	$2.69	$13.49	80% off	Matches low
Signalis	$18.89	$26.99	30% off	New Lowest
Sinner: Sacrifice For Redemption	$4.99	$24.99	80% off	Matches low
Soma	$8.74	$34.99	75% off	Lowest price $2.99 on 2022-9-6
Soulcalibur Vi	$11.99	$79.99	85% off	Matches low
South Park™: The Fractured But Whole™	$64.99	$64.99	0% off	Lowest price $26.74 on 2023-8-8
Space Hulk: Tactics	$4.39	$21.99	80% off	Matches low
Star Ocean The Divine Force Digital Deluxe Edition	$49.99	$99.99	50% off	Matches low
Starlink: Battle For Atlas™ - Deluxe Edition	$64.99	$64.99	0% off	Lowest price $15.97 on 2021-7-22
Street Fighter 30th Anniversary Collection	$13.19	$39.99	67% off	Matches low
Street Fighter™ 6	$53.59	$79.99	33% off	Matches low
Strider	$4.49	$14.99	70% off	Lowest price $2.99 on 2020-7-14
Sword Art Online: Fatal Bullet Complete Edition	$13.49	$89.99	85% off	Matches low
Taiko No Tatsujin: The Drum Master!	$19.49	$64.99	70% off	Matches low
The Disney Afternoon Collection	$6.74	$26.99	75% off	Lowest price $5.39 on 2023-3-7
The House Of The Dead: Remake	$7.99	$31.99	75% off	New Lowest
The Incredible Adventures Of Van Helsing: Complete Trilogy	$8.69	$57.99	85% off	Matches low
The King Of Fighters Xv	$19.99	$79.99	75% off	Lowest price $15.99 on 2024-1-3
The Medium + Observer + Darq Bundle	$57.99	$115.99	50% off	Matches low
The Mummy Demastered	$9.99	$19.99	50% off	Matches low
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The Spectrum Retreat	$4.54	$12.99	65% off	Matches low
The Texas Chain Saw Massacre	$31.19	$51.99	40% off	New Lowest
The Walking Dead	$3.74	$14.99	75% off	Lowest price $2.99 on 2023-12-7
The Walking Dead Michonne	$3.74	$14.99	75% off	Matches low
The Walking Dead Season 2	$3.74	$14.99	75% off	Lowest price $2.99 on 2023-12-7
The Walking Dead The Telltale Definitive Series	$15.99	$63.99	75% off	Matches low
The Walking Dead: A New Frontier - The Complete Season (episodes 1-5)	$3.74	$14.99	75% off	Matches low
The Walking Dead: The Final Season - The Complete Season	$6.74	$26.99	75% off	Matches low
The Wolf Among Us	$5.99	$14.99	60% off	Lowest price $3.74 on 2022-9-6
The Yakuza Remastered Collection	$13.49	$53.99	75% off	Matches low
This War Of Mine: The Little Ones	$2.69	$26.99	90% off	Matches low
Through The Woods	$4.99	$19.99	75% off	Matches low
Thumper	$5.39	$26.99	80% off	Lowest price $2.69 on 2023-8-22
Ultimate Marvel Vs Capcom 3	$13.19	$32.99	60% off	Matches low
Undead Horde	$7.69	$21.99	65% off	Lowest price $6.59 on 2022-11-22
Vasara Collection	$6.39	$12.79	50% off	Lowest price $1.27 on 2020-6-2
Warriors Orochi 3 Ultimate	$19.99	$39.99	50% off	Lowest price $7.99 on 2019-11-10
Watch Dogs®2	$79.99	$99.99	20% off	Lowest price $17.54 on 2023-10-3
We Love Katamari Reroll+ Royal Reverie Special Edition	$26.74	$53.49	50% off	Matches low
Welcome To Hanwell	$3.79	$18.99	80% off	Lowest price $2.84 on 2022-9-6
What Remains Of Edith Finch	$4.99	$19.99	75% off	Matches low
Whispering Willows	$2.49	$9.99	75% off	Lowest price $1.99 on 2022-10-25
White Noise 2	$4.99	$9.99	50% off	Matches low
World Of Final Fantasy Maxima	$19.99	$49.99	60% off	Matches low
World Of Van Helsing: Deathtrap	$2.99	$19.99	85% off	Matches low
Wwht	$3.89	$12.99	70% off	Lowest price $2.59 on 2023-5-2
Zombie Driver	$2.24	$14.99	85% off	Matches low
Ōkami Hd	$13.49	$26.99	50% off	Matches low

*History is a beta feature, only goes back as far as I've been tracking this item, and may not be 100% accurate

Incoming long post. Compiled a bunch of fun statistics for EPL seasons with 20 teams. So 1995-96 to 2022-23, for 28 seasons. Let me know if you guys like this, and want similar stats for other leagues, or English top flight before 1995(with 22 teams), or any other stats you're interested in.
I limited myself to just the 20 team seasons, so I can compare the points across the seasons

1.Total points and league titles

I took the minimum and maximum points for league title winners. Then within that range, I calculated how many teams have achieved those points, and how many of those teams won the title with those points.
Highlights:
Points total never achieved(between 75-100): 88, 95, 96
Highest points a team achieved without winning the league: 97 - Liverpool, 2018-19
Least points a team achieved and won the league: 75 - Manchester United, 1996-97

Points	Achieved	Won the League	% titles
100	1	1	100
99	1	1	100
98	1	1	100
97	1	0	0
95	1	1	100
93	2	2	100
92	1	0	0
91	2	2	100
90	2	2	100
89	5	4	80
87	3	3	100
86	5	3	60
85	2	0	0
84	2	0	0
83	6	1	17
82	3	1	33
81	3	1	33
80	3	2	67
79	4	1	25
78	6	1	17
77	4	0	0
76	2	0	0
75	9	1	11

2.Total points and relegations

I took the minimum and maximum points for relegated teams. Then within that range, I calculated how many teams have achieved those points, and how many of those teams got relegated with those points.
Highlights:
Points total never achieved(between 11-42): 12, 13, 14, 18, 20, 27
Highest points a team achieved and got relegated: 42 - West Ham United, 2002-03
Least points a team achieved and avoided relegation: 34 - West Bromwich Albion, 2004-05

Points	Achieved	Relegated	% relegation
42	20	1	5
41	19	0	0
40	15	2	13
39	16	3	19
38	15	2	13
37	5	1	20
36	13	5	38
35	8	5	63
34	13	12	92
33	13	13	100
32	4	4	100
31	4	4	100
30	7	7	100
29	1	1	100
28	5	5	100
26	4	4	100
25	3	3	100
24	2	2	100
23	2	2	100
22	1	1	100
21	1	1	100
19	2	2	100
17	1	1	100
16	1	1	100
15	1	1	100
11	1	1	100

3.Title winners' margins

Frequency table of the difference in points between first and second placed teams.
Highlights:
First and second placed teams tied for points exactly once, in 2011-12 and with 89 points. Manchester City won the title on Goal Difference
No team has ever won the league with a 3 point gap

Points difference	Occurrences	Seasons
0	1	2011-12
1	5	1997-98, 1998-99, 2009-10, 2018-19, 2021-22
2	2	2007-08, 2013-14
4	2	1995-96, 2008-09
5	2	2002-03, 2022-23
6	1	2006-07
7	3	1996-97, 2001-02, 2016-17
8	2	2005-06, 2014-15
9	1	2010-11
10	2	2000-01, 2015-16
11	2	2003-04, 2012-13
12	2	2004-05, 2020-21
18	2	1999-00, 2019-20
19	1	2017-18

4.Title defences in following seasons

Analyzing how League title winners performed in the season after it.

• A team has won 3 back to back titles 3 times:

Manchester United(1998-99, 99-00, 2000-01 and 2006-07, 07-08, 08-09)
Manchester City(2020-21, 21-22, 22-23)

• A team has won 2 back to back titles 3 times:

Manchester United(1995-96, 96-97)
Chelsea(2004-05, 05-06)
Manchester City(2017-18, 18-19)

• A team finished 2^nd in the season immediately after winning the title 11 times:

Manchester United(2nd place in 1997-98, 2000-10 and 2011-12)
Arsenal(2nd place in 1998-99, 2002-03 and 2004-05)
Chelsea(2nd place in 2006-07, and 2010-11)
Manchester City(2nd place in 2012-13, 2014-15 and 2019-20)

• A team finished 3^rd in the season immediately after winning the title 3 times:

Manchester United(3^rd place in 2001-02 and 2003-04)
Liverpool(3^rd place in 2020-21)

The 4 remaining title defences which are "the worst":

Team	League title season	Position in the next season
Chelsea	2016-17	5
Manchester United	2012-13	7
Chelsea	2014-15	10
Leicester City	2015-16	12

Highlight: Chelsea had a rollercoaster of seasons between 2014 to 2018, when they won the league, then finished 10^th, won the league again, then finished 5^th

5.Best performing newly promoted teams

I picked the best performing team that has just been promoted, in each season. And ranked them in order of position, and then by points, then by GD.
Highlight:
1997-98 is the only season where all 3 newly promoted teams got relegated, and the best performing team finished 18th
if "Seasons in EPL" is bold and has ~, team is still in EPL after promoted in this season

Team	First Promoted	Seasons in EPL	Position	Points	GF	GA	GD
Ipswich Town	2000-01	2	5	66	57	42	15
Sunderland	1999-00	4	7	58	57	56	1
Wolverhampton Wanderers	2018-19	~5~	7	57	47	46	1
Reading	2006-07	2	8	55	52	47	5
Leeds United	2020-21	3	9	59	62	54	8
West Ham United	2005-06	6	9	55	52	55	-3
Sheffield United	2019-20	2	9	54	39	39	0
Middlesbrough	1998-99	11	9	51	48	54	-6
Manchester City	2002-03	~21~	9	51	47	54	-7
Birmingham City	2009-10	2	9	50	38	47	-9
Leicester City	1996-97	6	9	47	46	54	-8
Fulham	2022-23	~1~	10	52	55	53	2
Blackburn Rovers	2001-02	11	10	46	55	51	4
West Ham United	2012-13	~11~	10	46	45	53	-8
Newcastle United	2017-18	~6~	10	44	39	47	-8
Swansea City	2011-12	7	11	47	44	51	-7
West Bromwich Albion	2010-11	8	11	47	56	71	-15
Crystal Palace	2013-14	~10~	11	45	33	48	-15
Stoke City	2008-09	10	12	45	38	55	-17
Brentford	2021-22	~2~	13	46	48	56	-8
Portsmouth	2003-04	7	13	45	47	54	-7
Watford	2015-16	5	13	45	40	50	-10
Leicester City	2014-15	9	14	41	46	55	-9
Sunderland	2007-08	10	15	39	36	59	-23
Burnley	2016-17	6	16	40	39	55	-16
West Bromwich Albion	2004-05	2	17	34	36	61	-25
Bolton Wanderers	1997-98	1	18	40	41	61	-20

6. Average league table across the seasons

Highlights:
- Brentford are MASSIVE! Best team in the average table outside of top 6 teams^{ignore no of seasons lmao}
- Most average Draws: Brighton & Hove Albion(12.17)
- Best average Offense(GF): Manchester United(72.11)
- Best average Defense(GA): Chelsea(36.07)
- Closest to zero average GD: Everton(0.61) ; would be 0.1, with the current season table

Index	Team(Titles)	Szns	aPos	aP	aW	aD	aL	aGF	aGA	aGD	aPts
1	Manchester United (11)	28	2.57	38.0	23.18	8.21	6.61	72.11	36.14	35.96	77.75
2	Arsenal (3)	28	3.50	38.0	21.39	8.93	7.68	70.00	38.43	31.57	73.11
3	Chelsea (5)	28	4.07	38.0	21.04	9.07	7.89	66.46	36.07	30.39	72.18
4	Liverpool (1)	28	4.18	38.0	20.50	9.32	8.18	68.21	37.39	30.82	70.82
5	Manchester City (7)	23	6.30	38.0	20.22	7.48	10.30	69.78	40.74	29.04	68.13
6	Tottenham Hotspur	28	7.21	38.0	17.04	8.93	12.04	58.39	47.07	11.32	60.04
7	Brentford	2	11.00	38.0	14.00	10.50	13.50	53.00	51.00	2.00	52.50
8	Everton	28	10.14	38.0	13.86	10.68	13.46	49.50	48.89	0.61	52.25
9	Leeds United	12	10.33	38.0	14.42	8.92	14.67	51.00	53.75	-2.75	52.17
10	Newcastle United	26	10.27	38.0	13.77	9.92	14.31	49.85	52.38	-2.54	51.23
11	Ipswich Town	2	11.50	38.0	14.50	7.50	16.00	49.00	53.00	-4.00	51.00
12	Aston Villa	25	10.48	38.0	13.00	10.60	14.40	46.48	50.12	-3.64	49.60
13	Leicester City (1)	16	10.56	38.0	13.25	9.75	15.00	51.62	53.50	-1.88	49.50
14	Blackburn Rovers	15	11.53	38.0	12.67	10.40	14.93	47.73	52.40	-4.67	48.40
15	West Ham United	25	11.40	38.0	12.80	9.44	15.76	47.44	55.12	-7.68	47.84
16	Wolverhampton Wanderers	4	13.75	38.0	12.25	10.75	15.00	41.25	51.25	-10.00	47.50
17	Stoke City	10	12.20	38.0	11.60	10.90	15.50	39.80	52.50	-12.70	45.70
18	Brighton & Hove Albion	6	13.00	38.0	11.00	12.17	14.83	43.67	51.83	-8.17	45.17
19	Charlton Athletic	8	12.88	38.0	11.62	10.25	16.12	42.75	55.25	-12.50	45.12
20	Southampton	21	13.10	38.0	11.57	10.10	16.33	45.24	55.48	-10.24	44.81
21	Swansea City	7	12.14	38.0	11.71	9.43	16.86	43.71	54.71	-11.00	44.57
22	Bolton Wanderers	13	13.46	38.0	11.46	9.85	16.69	44.23	57.31	-13.08	44.23
23	Middlesbrough	14	13.14	38.0	11.00	11.29	15.71	42.43	51.36	-8.93	44.07
24	Sheffield Wednesday	5	13.80	38.0	11.40	9.40	17.20	45.80	58.20	-12.40	43.60
25	Bournemouth	5	15.40	38.0	11.00	9.60	17.40	45.20	64.80	-19.60	42.60
26	Crystal Palace	12	15.25	38.0	10.75	10.17	17.08	43.58	55.75	-12.17	42.42
27	Derby County	7	15.43	38.0	10.57	10.43	17.00	41.43	57.29	-15.86	42.14
28	Sheffield United	4	15.75	38.0	10.50	10.50	17.00	39.50	56.00	-16.50	42.00
29	Sunderland	15	15.87	38.0	10.47	10.20	17.33	43.60	59.80	-16.20	41.60
30	Fulham	14	15.07	38.0	10.79	10.50	16.71	43.36	59.57	-16.21	41.86
31	Portsmouth	7	15.29	38.0	11.00	8.71	18.29	42.57	61.29	-18.71	41.71
32	Wigan Athletic	8	15.38	38.0	10.50	10.13	17.38	40.38	61.00	-20.63	41.63
33	Burnley	6	15.67	38.0	10.00	11.17	16.83	35.67	54.50	-18.83	41.17
34	Reading	3	17.67	38.0	10.67	9.00	18.33	46.67	66.33	-19.67	41.00
35	Birmingham City	7	16.14	38.0	10.43	9.57	18.00	42.86	58.29	-15.43	40.86
36	West Bromwich Albion	12	16.42	38.0	9.92	11.08	17.00	40.92	57.92	-17.00	40.83
37	Coventry City	3	17.33	38.0	10.00	10.67	17.33	41.00	57.33	-16.33	40.67
38	Nottingham Forest	5	16.40	38.0	10.00	10.20	17.80	41.00	62.20	-21.20	40.20
39	Watford	7	16.29	38.0	10.00	8.29	19.71	40.14	59.29	-19.14	38.29
40	Hull City	5	17.60	38.0	8.20	9.60	20.20	36.20	64.60	-28.40	34.20
41	Norwich City	7	17.00	38.0	8.00	9.43	20.57	35.86	69.86	-34.00	33.43
42	Cardiff City	2	19.00	38.0	8.50	6.50	23.00	33.00	71.50	-38.50	32.00
43	Queens Park Rangers	4	19.00	38.0	7.75	8.00	22.25	38.25	64.00	-25.75	31.25
44	Bradford City	2	18.50	38.0	7.00	10.00	21.00	34.00	69.00	-35.00	31.00
45	Huddersfield Town	2	18.00	38.0	6.00	8.50	23.50	25.00	67.00	-42.00	26.50

Order!
Our only item of business today is a debate on motion SM196, in the name of the Scottish Green Party. The question is that the Parliament agrees to the Devolution of Employment Law Motion.

Devolution of Employment Law Motion

That the Pàrlamaid:
recognises that—
(a) employment law is currently reserved to the Parliament of the United Kingdom, under head H of Schedule 5 of the Scotland Act 1998 (c. 46);
(b) the Programme for Government of the 22^nd Scottish Government indicated that the Government intended to create a ‘Good Work Charter’, in collaboration with trade unions, setting out ‘good standards of employment’;
(c) the Scottish Government has indicated that the Scottish Government will follow the Good Work Charter, make following the Charter a ‘requirement to benefit from public procurement’, and, if the Scottish Government creates a National Scottish Investment Bank, require businesses receiving funding from the Bank to follow the Charter;
(d) the Scottish Government cannot make the Good Work Charter a requirement for all businesses without employment law being devolved;
(e) the Scottish Trade Union Congress has called for the devolution of employment law to the Pàrlamaid;
therefore, urges the Scottish Government to—
(f) immediately begin negotiating with the Government of the United Kingdom to repeal head H, in whole or for the most part;
(g) consider the debate on this motion a ‘comprehensive debate’ under the Programme for Government.
This motion was moved and written by the Most Honourable model-avtron, Marchioness Hebrides LT OM CT PC MSP, Leader of the Scottish Green Party and the Opposition, on behalf of the Scottish Green Party.

Opening Speech

Oifigear-riaghlaidh,
One of the flagship commitments of this government is a Good Work Charter. The details in the Programme for Government are quite sparse, though we do know it will involve businesses being environmentally conscious. However, if you look back at the last Labour-led Scottish Government’s Programme for Government, you can see that Government’s plan would have employers signed up to the Charter end exploitative working practices, a guarantee to pay all employees a living wage, not undermine trade unions, and reduce greenhouse gases in line with the targets at the time.
However, the thing to note about the Charter is that it is not mandatory. Indeed, it cannot be mandatory, because employment law is a reserved matter under the Scotland Act 1998. Now, I agree with the principles of a Good Work Charter, assuming this government’s plan’s are similar to the aforementioned previous Labour government’s plans. However, I think it is a failure that the Government is advocating for workers rights reform, but refuses to ask Westminster for the powers to enforce it.
Nationalists often have their calls for greater devolution to Scotland’s national Pàrlamaid branded as ideological. However, this Government refusing to call for the devolution of welfare seems even more ideological. Considering the fact that the Government clearly want to do everything they can to get as many businesses and organisations signed up to the Good Work Charter, I don’t see why the Government can’t go the last mile and ask Westminster for this common-sense devolution, backed by workers through the Scottish Trade Unions Congress.
Thank you.
Debate on this motion will end with the close of business at 10pm GMT on the 23^rd of April 2024.

Welcome to This Week In KPOP, a collection of everything you may have missed during the past week on kpop.

March 2, 2024 - March 8, 2024

TOP 10 STORIES

#	Votes	Thread	Comments
1	(+2818)	Taemin will reportedly not renew his contract with SM Entertainment	327 comments
2	(+2784)	The Seoul High Court ruled in favor of Chuu following Blockberry Creative's appeal regarding the invalidity of her exclusive contract	106 comments
3	(+1998)	‘With YOU-th’ by TWICE debuts at #1 on the Billboard 200 Albums Chart	160 comments
4	(+1911)	Onew will reportedly not renew his contract with SM Entertainment	223 comments
5	(+1750)	Aespa’s Karina Pens Handwritten Apology Letter To Address Her Relationship With Lee Jae Wook	592 comments
6	(+1301)	UNIQ’s Sungjoo Admits To Being Married And Having A Child	118 comments
7	(+1199)	Former T-ARA's Areum Exposes Disturbing Details Of Her Children's Abuse By Her Ex-Husband	77 comments
8	(+1152)	IVE's Youtube Channel has been hacked and rebranded as 'SpaceX'	163 comments
9	(+1097)	RIIZE Suddenly Retracts Light Stick Design After Negative Feedback	140 comments
10	(+1052)	Taemin will reportedly join Big Planet Made following his contract expiration with SM Entertainment	84 comments

TOP ANNIVERSARIES

#	Votes	Thread	Comments
1	(+887)	Happy 11th anniversary to Ladies' Code!	22 comments
2	(+836)	Happy 5th Anniversary to TXT (TOMORROW X TOGETHER)!	21 comments
3	(+115)	Happy 8th anniversary to KNK!	5 comments

TOP 10 PERFORMANCES

#	Votes	Thread	Comments
1	(+611)	[Song Cover] Red Velvet - Irene & Seulgi - Wrong Number (orig. TVXQ!) @ Immortal Songs 2 (240302)	31 comments
2	(+243)	[Dance Practice] TWICE - ONE SPARK (Choreography Video - Moving Ver.)	8 comments
3	(+199)	[Performance] TWICE - ONE SPARK (M2 Relay Dance)	5 comments
4	(+167)	[Performance] LE SSERAFIM - EASY (M2 Relay Dance)	5 comments
5	(+142)	[Live] tripleS x KISS OF LIFE - Call Me Baby (EXO) + Standing Next To You (BTS Jungkook) @ The 31st Hanteo Music Awards (HMA) 2023 (240218)	6 comments
6	(+142)	[Live] NewJeans - Super Shy + ETA @ Billboard Women In Music 2024 (240307)	4 comments
7	(+133)	[Live] ZEROBASEONE - The Way U Are (orig. TVXQ!) @ Immortal Songs 2 (240302)	7 comments
8	(+128)	[Live] VIVIZ - UNTIE + MANIAC @ The 31st Hanteo Music Awards (HMA) 2023 (240217)	0 comments
9	(+113)	[Song Cover] ARTMS Heejin - Bam Yang Gang (orig. BIBI) (Song Cover - Edited by Heejin)	2 comments
10	(+96)	[Live] ONF - Keep Your Head Down (orig. TVXQ!) @ Immortal Songs 2 (240302)	4 comments

TOP 5 DANCE CHALLENGES

#	Votes	Thread	Comments
1	(+452)	LE SSERAFIM KIM CHAEWON & SAKURA (with TWICE SANA) - Smart (Dance Challenge) (240302)	14 comments
2	(+248)	TWICE Sana & NMIXX Sullyoon - Look At Me (Dance Challenge) (240302)	6 comments
3	(+223)	TWICE Sana & Jihyo (with LE SSERAFIM Sakura & Chaewon) - One Spark (Dance Challenge) (240302)	0 comments
4	(+212)	TWICE Momo (with LE SSERAFIM Eunchae & Kazuha) - One Spark (Dance Challenge) (240302)	6 comments
5	(+189)	Momo (TWICE) & Ten (WayV / NCT) - 'ONE SPARK' Dance Challenge (240302)	3 comments

TOP DISCUSSIONS / FEATURES

#	Votes	Thread	Comments
1	(+239)	Throwback: Super Junior released "SORRY, SORRY" this week in 2009	27 comments
2	(+26)	/kpop Top Ten Tuesdays Results: Lucy	7 comments
3	(+18)	What Are You Listening To? - March 06, 2024	8 comments

AMA(s)

Guest(s)	Thread	Date
STAYC	Hi! This is AMA with STAYC!	240308

MUSIC SHOWS

Date	Performances	Discussion Thread	Winner
20240302	Music Core	Thread	LE SSERAFIM
20240303	Inkigayo	Thread	LE SSERAFIM
20240305	The Show	Thread	CRAVITY
20240306	Show Champion	'Detox Day' Highlight Special (1st Win Thread for PLAVE)	PLAVE
20240307	M!Countdown	Thread	LE SSERAFIM
20240308	Music Bank	Thread	CRAVITY

 

NEW RELEASES

Day	Artist	Album Title	Type	Music Video	Streaming
2nd	Hi-Fi Un!corn	ABC is	Japanese digital single	ABC is	Spotify
	Seo In Guk, Francine Diaz	My Love	remake single	My Love (orig. Seo In Guk feat. Ravi (ex-VIXX))	Spotify
	HORI7ON	DAYTOUR	digital single	LUCKY	Spotify
3rd	Park Jeup (IMFACT), Kim Dohee (ex-SONAMOO High.D)	Can We love without going crazy?	digital single	Can We love without going crazy?	Spotify
4th	Roy Kim	When Spring Comes	digital single	When Spring Comes	Spotify
	Kim Heejae	희로애락 (喜怒哀樂)	full-length album	꽃마리 / 우야노	Spotify
5th	Daniel Jikal	Fresh	debut digital single	Fresh	Spotify
	UmYull	CROXX	digital single	CROXX	Spotify
	Daesung (BIGBANG)	Falling Slowly	digital single	Falling Slowly	Spotify
	NuNew, Paul Kim	Blooming just for you	digital single	Blooming just for you	Spotify
6th	8TURN	RU-PUM PUM Japanese ver.	Japanese debut digital single	RU-PUM PUM Japanese ver.	Spotify
	Kassy	Full Bloom	mini album	Love Fool	Spotify
	Song (iKON)	It's CALL!	solo debut mini album	It's call	Spotify
7th	WEN	Medusa	digital single	Medusa (feat. Tamiz)	Spotify
	ICHILLIN’	Feelin' Hot	mini album	ON MY LIPS	Spotify
	Zia	The Doctor Says I'm Fine	digital single	The Doctor Says I'm Fine	Spotify
8th	Miya (ex-GWSN)	MIYAO	Japanese solo debut digital single	MIYAO	Spotify
	ZEROBASEONE	YURA YURA	Japanese debut pre-release single	YURA YURA	Spotify
	Apl.de.Ap, Sandara Park (2NE1)	2 Proud	digital single	2 Proud	Spotify
	COiBLEN (ex-CROSS GENE Seyoung)	Color	mini album	Planet Girl	Spotify
	Time2cook	Winter Beach	digital single	Winter Beach	Spotify
	Matt Champion, Jennie (BLACKPINK)	Slow Motion	digital single	Slow Motion	Spotify
	xikers	HOUSE OF TRICKY : Trial And Error	mini album	We Don't Stop	Spotify
	Dreamcatcher	Luck Inside 7 Doors	special single	The curse of the Spider (2024 Concert Ver.)	Spotify
	(G)I-DLE	Abracadabra	KBS 'The Seasons' remake single	Abracadabra (orig. Brown Eyed Girls)	Spotify
	Swings	Upgrade V	full-length album	WORK	Spotify
	Taeyeon (Girls' Generation)	iScreaM Vol.30 : To. X Remixes	iScreaM project remix single	To. X (IMLAY Remix)	Spotify

"This Week in KPOP" Archive

11-minute read.

Russia and Iran activate their rhetoric to reach an AM-AZ peace deal amid inaction by the US and EU

As we learned yesterday, during the CIS summit, the leaders of Armenia and Azerbaijan held a face-to-face meeting to discuss the peace process. It wasn't an official "negotiation" process, clarified Moscow.
RUSSIA: We are ready to help Armenia and Azerbaijan to finalize the peace agreement. We do not impose our mediation platform on the parties, but we do understand the importance of completing the work on the peace treaty. It is very important for us that our allies sign the peace agreement as soon as possible. This will ensure peace, stability, and predictability in the South Caucasus. //
REPORTER: Aren't you concerned about handing over the EAEU presidency to Armenia? They've been critical of you lately.
RUSSIA: The AM-RU cooperation within the EAEU platform is mutually economically beneficial and is built on pragmatism.
REPORTER: Do you have any New Year wishes for Armenia and the Armenian people?
ZAKHAROVA: 2023 was a difficult year for our friendly Armenia. We see attempts by the West to drag Armenia into a dangerous geopolitical game. The West is absolutely indifferent towards the Armenian population. They play with Armenians' emotions to manipulate them. In contrast, Russia truly cares about the stability and prosperity of Armenia. //
REPORTER to ARMENIA: Why did Pashinyan decide to visit Russia? Is this the end of "boycotting" Russia?
ARMENIA: We continue to be critical of [Russian-led] CSTO military bloc and its lack of support, but we have never boycotted the EAEU economic bloc in the first place. This has nothing to do with our efforts to strengthen relations with the European Union. //
Iran's foreign minister spoke with his Azeri and Russian counterparts before visiting Armenia.
IRAN to RUSSIA: We welcome the AM-AZ peace efforts. Iran supports stability in the region.
AZERBAIJAN to IRAN: Thanks for your constructive stance. We hope to sign the peace treaty soon. We welcome the construction of the new bridge on the AZ-IR border earlier this year. It will boost trade between us.
IRAN to ARMENIA: We support your territorial integrity and we support the Crossroads of Peace initiative to unblock communications in the region. Our Consulate is operating successfully in southern Armenia. In turn, we have approved the opening of the Armenian Consulate in Tabriz; it will open in early 2024.
ARMENIA: There is an opportunity to sign a peace agreement. For that to happen, we need Azerbaijan to adopt a constructive stance. We see positive signs like the return of some POWs, as well as negative signs, like Azerbaijan's recent refusal to negotiate [under Western platforms].
IRAN: Armenia and Azerbaijan can reach peace with the efforts of Iran, Russia, and Turkey. There is no need to bring the West into this region.
ARMENIA: We appreciate Iran's contribution to regional peace and Iran's principled stance on Armenia's territorial integrity. That is the best that can be done at this time. Undoubtedly we can organize various discussions, but the reiteration of the main principles necessary for peace is the biggest contribution to this process.
ARMENIA: It is important for us that the future border demarcation process is predictable and its foundations are fixed in the peace agreement. A reference to specific [late Soviet-era] maps would be a way of ensuring predictability without predetermining the results of the process.
source, source, video, exkursia, source, source, video, source, press conference, video, video, video, video, video, video, source, source,

Armenian customs agents foil an attempt to smuggle 5 tons of goods from Russia

Authorities inspected trucks belonging to several companies that were importing goods from Russia. They discovered several tons of unregistered electronics and other items. The owners were forced to pay the customs fees.
source,

Armenian government does not want classrooms to use Russian-language books written in Russia

Some Armenian schools provide Russian-language classes. The way it works today is Russia writes books and sends them to Armenia. Armenia's education ministry examines these books and distributes them to the Russian-language classes. A similar distribution was organized recently. That could change soon.
EDUCATION MINISTER: We're in touch with our Russian colleagues to change how this program works. Instead of importing certain quantities of books from Russia, we should translate the textbooks written in Armenia. This is necessary because there are differences in the content standards in Armenia and Russia.
source,

teachers and students from Nagorno-Karabakh are integrating into Armenia's education system

Students in schools: 17,000
Students in universities: 2,800
Teachers who settled in Yerevan: 200
Teachers who settled in provinces: 200
Earlier we learned that teachers earn bonuses if they work in provinces or border communities.
source,

interview with Nagorno-Karabakh opposition leader Samvel Babayan

REPORTER: Why did we lose Nagorno-Karabakh?
BABAYAN: The primary reason is that the leadership of Nagorno-Karabakh was incapable of governing and didn't know how to come out of that situation. At the same time, they didn't want to transfer governance to someone else with a plan.
The second reason was the lack of pressure from the Armenian government. They wanted to allow Nagorno-Karabakh authorities to act freely. I failed to convince the Armenian government that it was necessary to "meddle" in the "internal affairs" of Nagorno-Karabakh. The Nagorno-Karabakh elites had no idea what statehood was. We ended up surrendering our state with our own hands.
REPORTER: The Nagorno-Karabakh government was not eager to hold talks with Azerbaijan until the last moment, until the military aggression. Why?
BABAYAN: I warned them earlier that there were only two options: strengthen the army and resist Azerbaijan, or accept the concessions presented to you on the negotiation table. They did neither. They were hoping that big papi Russia would defend them. Until the very last moment, they displayed inability to govern. No one wanted to assume responsibility.
They did not have the courage to tell the public that we needed to hold a new referendum to amend the 1991 referendum so we could become part of Azerbaijan and live with certain rights. The people had to vote to either agree or collectively leave. Instead, they fed the public faux patriotism day and night. Every country, even our friends and allies, recognized Azerbaijan's territorial integrity, while Armenia was incapable of providing military support to us. We should have agreed to concessions. Shahramanyan administration should have publicly recognized Azerbaijan's territorial integrity and called for negotiations before the attack.
REPORTER: Levon Ter-Petrosyan supporters blame the organizers of the 1998 coup, including you, for derailing Levon's realistic peace plan.
BABAYAN: First of all, I respect Levon and won't speak ill of him publicly. Before the events, I met Levon at their house and presented maps and solution mechanisms, which territories to surrender and which ones to keep for strategic reasons, etc. Second, the army was weakened and the country was plundered after 1998, so why do you dwell on the pre-1998 events? Tell me your accomplishments after 1998. I even wrote in detail which weapons they needed to buy. They even ignored my request to President [Serj] to summon the generals for a 30-minute discussion with me. Everyone was smarter than me. They built an army where subordinates routinely ignored phone calls from commanders. A complete lack of discipline. They let Azeris freely walk from Hadrut to Shushi in 2020. The destruction of the army began after they fired me in 1999.
At the time Armenia was wiring ֏8 billion every year to Nagorno-Karabakh. We were only capable of collecting ֏1.9 billion. The salaries were ֏5,000. We went after the corrupt ministers and the salaries became ֏22,000, while in Armenia they were making ֏9,700. We hit the corrupt politicians' wallets, so it went from being an economic issue to being a political one, and they did what they did next. I remain convinced that in a warring country, you must have strong discipline.
Our politicians chose to plunder, while the Armenian government kept sending them financial aid. The Armenian government [former regime] was also sending "orders" along with the paycheck. That changed with Pashinyan, who decided to allow the Nagorno-Karabakh government to operate freely. Pashinyan sent the checks without "orders". This gave unprecedented freedom to Nagorno-Karabakh authorities, who were not ready and not capable of governing the state.
REPORTER: The funds that Armenian taxpayers sent to Nagorno-Karabakh, did it go to ordinary Artsakhtsis or into the pockets of elites?
BABAYAN: They never explained to the Armenian public what this money was about. There used to be a customs checkpoint in Nagorno-Karabakh. Armenian government wanted Nagorno-Karabakh to remove it. In return, Armenia would pay a certain percentage of its budget to Nagorno-Karabakh, proportional to its population. If Artsakhtsis were 4.5% of Armenians, then Nagorno-Karabakh would receive 4.5% of Armenia's budget. It wasn't a "loan" or a "gift". Only the amount above that 4.5% is a voluntary contribution by Armenia. Under this program, Nagorno-Karabakh was receiving ֏67 billion. Then came Pashinyan and raised it to ֏160 billion. I warned him that the Nagorno-Karabakh regime was stealing the funds but he kept sending the money to keep their mouths shut.
About Levon. The situation was dire in 1992. We lost Shahumyan, territories from Martakert, Askeran, and Hadrut, and only 2,600 m² was left. Komandos retreated to Jermuk. Defense Minister Vazgen Sargsyan resigned. As Komandos's aide, the whole burden fell onto my shoulders, but we ended up turning things around. In Yerevan, Vazgen Manukyan was appointed as Defense Minister. We worked together for 10 months before he left the office. During the 3.5-month period when we captured Jabrayil, Agdam, and Fizuli, there was no defense minister in Armenia.
REPORTER: Was Vazgen Manukyan a good defense minister?
BABAYAN: He always worked on delivering whatever we requested and approved our military operations.
REPORTER: Was President Levon aware of the liberation of Shushi?
BABAYAN: Those who claim Levon was unaware of Shushi's liberation are completely wrong. He was obviously aware. The operation for Shushi and Kelbajar was approved. Some people with an agenda claim Levon was unaware. There are also people who lie about me disobeying Levon's orders. I have never acted against Levon's orders. It's possible that he might have ordered something to someone else but things unfolded differently, but when it came to me, I made sure to exercise discipline.
REPORTER: President Shahramanyan says there is no decree on dissolving Nagorno-Karabakh on January 1 despite the fact that he signed a decree earlier. Is the recent statement enough to "cancel" the decree?
BABAYAN: Does the September 28 decree actually exist? Have you ever seen it? Under the Constitution, for a decree to be valid, it has to be officially published after its signing. That hasn't been done. Shahramanyan could not have dissolved the state even if he wanted to because no official has the right to dissolve the state without a referendum.
We should not interfere with the Armenian government's attempt to sign peace with Azerbaijani. They should do their thing while we do ours. I personally don't believe the activities of Nagorno-Karabakh officials will endanger Armenia at this stage, but the Armenian government may disagree, so I suggest Nagorno-Karabakh officials not to make "provocative" moves.
REPORTER: Will there be a revanche?
BABAYAN: It's inevitable unless Azerbaijan agrees to respect Armenians' rights and allows refugees to return to Nagorno-Karabakh.
REPORTER: What is your solution to the conflict?
BABAYAN: There are three principles: territorial integrity, the passport issue, and autonomy. Azerbaijan says it will respect Armenians' rights...
REPORTER: But they do not agree to give autonomy.
BABAYAN: You are mistaken. Aliyev personally announced that Armenians can have Constitutional protections in Azerbaijan. Under the Azerbaijani Constitution, there are two things that we can use: minority rights and autonomy, such as the one granted to the Nakhijevan Autonomous Republic. Aliyev says "come live in Azerbaijan under our Constitution". Our response is: okay, we will, but we need the autonomy granted by your Constitution. We used to have autonomy. Now we would like to discuss the protection of our rights under a similar setup.
They can accept or deny it, but we have made our proposal and we are telling the international community that we are ready to negotiate with Azerbaijan about our Constitutional protections. We need to end the hostility between the two peoples so it won't come down to a revanche.
REPORTER: Aliyev says the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict has been resolved. Why would he agree to your proposal?
BABAYAN: 26-30 years ago our politicians also proclaimed that the conflict was resolved. They were against the idea of negotiating with Azerbaijan. "Let's just keep the lands," they said. Today Azerbaijan has found itself in a similar situation. I advise Azeris to descend to the earth and go for a compromise deal. If we don't settle this now, there will be a bigger country that will use the frozen nature of the conflict to use it against Azerbaijan and Armenia. If we are smart, we will resolve the conflict for good. If not, we will fight another war 30 years from now.
REPORTER: Who should negotiate with Azerbaijan about autonomy and Constitutional protections?
BABAYAN: The leadership of Nagorno-Karabakh.
REPORTER: Are there any negotiations with Azerbaijan today?
BABAYAN: There are some minor processes. Let's not publicize details until the elections end in Azerbaijan. I'm regularly in touch with President Shahramanyan. Let's hope there will be progress after February.
REPORTER: What's your stance on the unblocking of communications?
BABAYAN: In 2021 I advised the Armenian government to implement electronic transit systems through the Meghri route to minimize contact between Armenians and Azeris during transit. You can keep trash-talking me on the internet and accuse me of "surrendering Meghri". This trade route will bring billions of dollars in revenues to Armenia. Today they are moving $50 billion. When the Armenian route opens, it will shorten the distance by 30% and increase the volume to $200 billion. Armenia will earn a lot from the transit. Iran does not want Armenia to open the routes because Iran has greatly benefitted from Armenia's blockade for 30 years. Also, the blockade has allowed Iran to have influence on Nakhijevan.
video, video,

criminal bribery case ends against ex-president Robert Kocharyan without an exoneration or guilty verdict due to statute of limitations

Kocharyan was charged with a $3 million bribery.

երկրորդ նախագահի դեմ հանցագործության մասին հաղորդում էր ներկայացրել գործարար Սիլվա Համբարձումյանը։ Բողոքել էր, որ 3 միլիոն դոլար է տվել Քոչարյանի մտերիմ գործարար Սամվել Մայրապետյանին, որ փոխանցի նախագահին հանքարդյունաբերության ոլորտում իր գործերին չխոչընդոտելու համար։

The trial has been dragging since 2018. On Tuesday Kocharyan used the statute of limitations to end the case. His lawyer says he has a health problem and needs to receive treatment abroad so he decided to use the statute of limitations to drop the case.
Kocharyan's family is separately going through an asset forfeiture case.
source, source,

electricity prices won't change for general public after February 2024: regulator

daytime rate / nighttime rate
Low-income households: $0.07 / $0.05
Other households: $0.12 / $0.09
source, source,

authorities continue to crack down on illegal buildings in Yerevan

The gas station at Avet Avetisyan and Gyulbenkyan intersection will be demolished and the land will return under the city's control. Two similar structures were deemed illegal in a separate ruling.
The owner of one of the gas stations accused the city of ignoring a court order to refrain from demolishing the structure before a final verdict.
The city earlier complained that gas stations located too close to apartment condos are a public safety hazard.
source, source, video, video,

Russian couple in big trouble in Yerevan

In June the police raided a club and arrested a Russian woman Elizaveta Danilcheva after finding meth in her possession. The police charged her with trafficking after discovering a precision scale on the table where the suspect and others were located. The suspect confessed to possessing meth (up to 3 years in prison) but denied selling it (up to 12 years).
SUSPECT: I'm an educated person with a job [graphics designer]. I don't need to sell narcotics for a living. //
The court gave her a pretrial arrest and kept her locked up since June.
A trial was held a few days ago. The defense argued that the police didn't read her miranda rights and discriminated against her due to her ethnicity (failed to provide charges written in Russian) and due to the overall pressure on law enforcement because the authorities had declared 2023 a year against drugs. The defense came equipped with another tool: the officer's "body camera". They argued that the video proves that there is no evidence she was trafficking the rest of the drugs found at the club.
To the surprise of the defendant, the judge released her from jail and replaced the pre-trial arrest with a house arrest and a ֏2.5 million bond. The defense lawyer credited the verdict to the examination of the police video.
A house arrest became an option in Armenia in January 2023. Prior to that, courts would either release the suspect upon receiving guarantees they wouldn't flee, release them on bond, or jail them.
source, source, source,

Friday, December 15 - Thursday, December 21

Top Media

score	comments	title & link	mirrors
107	21 comments	I found this cd at a thrift store. Band has no online existence. Anybody know about them? This song off the album sounds cool.
79	28 comments	this may be the best 5/4 to 6/4 switch up ever???
74	18 comments	[Midwest Emo] The Anniversary - The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter	[Sp] [BC] [Dzr] [SC]
44	13 comments	[Live Footage📸] I filmed American Football on a VHS-C Palmcorder - 1998 Fireside Bowl vibes in 2023
36	7 comments	[Midwest Emo] americ ancarillon
29	31 comments	The 50 Best Emo Albums This Year - Vote for the Best!
28	10 comments	BrooklynVegan's 50 Best Punk Albums of 2023

 

Top Remaining Posts

score	comments	title & link	mirrors
198	78 comments	[Music/Merch Collection] I was wasting time on Discogs and I saw that the only copy of this for sale is $200.
150	103 comments	What one u playin’ first ?
130	18 comments	[News] We lost one of the true greats.
94	22 comments	[(Emo Adjacent)] slowly growing emo collection
92	12 comments	Me on vacation!!!
82	254 comments	What opinion got you like this?
82	25 comments	[Discussion] It’s National Emo day… What are you listening to?

 

Top 5 Most Commented

score	comments	title & link	mirrors
38	193 comments	Most underrated band? (In Your Opinion)
50	136 comments	Songs about suicide?
31	131 comments	Emo albums overrated and underrated.
62	115 comments	What album is this for you?
53	92 comments	crying at shows

 

Proof : https://imgur.com/a/hbbUdRQ
Hi everyone ! Today i have nice medieval and royal french , spanish netherlands silver coins and nice banknotes for sale .
Feel free to send me lower offers , worst i can say is no !
Medieval coins :
France :
Gros tournois Philippe III / Philippe IV : Photos : https://imgur.com/a/l30rfiq Price : 170 usd
Blanc au K Charles V 1365 - 1380: Photos : https://imgur.com/a/ReSBO3D Price : 60 usd
Blanc guenar Charles VI : Photos : https://imgur.com/a/l6ro4fC Price : - 1389 - 1405 Tournai ( top coin ) : 40 usd - 1411 - 1417 Crémeux ( bottom coin ) : 40 usd
Blanc 'with crown' Louis XI 1461 - 1474 St Lo : Photos : https://imgur.com/a/4DxVQq1 Price : 60 usd
Douzain Henri II 1550 St Lo: Photos : https://imgur.com/a/TFWUZgJ Price : 40 usd
Quarter écu Henri III 1589 : Photos : https://imgur.com/a/yZJERUF Price : 80 usd
Douzain Henri IV 1593 St Lo : Photos : https://imgur.com/a/m0k0Cd7 Price : 40 usd
Quarter écu of navarra 1606 Henri IV : Photos : https://imgur.com/a/lyeM5DA Price : 80 usd SOLD
Half écu 1693 Louis XIV Lille Reformed Planchet : Photos : https://imgur.com/a/xnrNuzz Price : 200 usd SOLD
4 sols 'des traitants' Louis XIV 1675 Paris : Photos : https://imgur.com/a/nVahDgR Price : 25 usd SOLD
Tenth of écu Louis XIV 1711 Besançon : Photos : https://imgur.com/a/RU96rxJ Price : 90 usd SOLD
20 sols Louis XV 1719 Grenoble mint , only 4555 minted : Photos : https://imgur.com/a/RdXCARX Price : 250 usd
Écu 'Vertugadin' Louis XV 1715 Paris on reformed planchet : Photos : https://imgur.com/a/wQb1OKK Price : 200 usd
Spanish netherlands : Photos : https://imgur.com/a/Q7oJw8i Price : - 2 patards 1593 Tournai (top coin) : 70 usd - Stoter 1600 Brugge (bottom coin) : 100 usd
French banknotes :
Album : https://imgur.com/a/B3TisGQ
Assignats ( french revolution era , 1792 - 1793 ) : - 10 sous : SOLD - 5 livres : SOLD - 25 sols : SOLD - 25 livres : SOLD
Hard times banknotes ( 1915 - 1920 ) : - 1 franc Provence region - 50 centimes Lyon - 50 centimes Toulouse - 1 franc Angers - 1 franc Paris
Price : 1 usd each

• 5 francs 1939 pink : 5,5 usd
• 10 francs 1932 - 1939 blue : 4,5 usd each ( 3 available )
• 50 francs 1941 Jacques Cœur : 4,5 usd
• 50 francs 1939 Cérès : 4,5 usd
• 100 francs Merson 1914 - 1939 VF : 5,5 usd each ( 27 available
• 100 francs Merson 1938 XF : 11 usd
• 100 francs Sully 1940 - 1941 : 5,5 usd each ( 6 available )
• 100 francs Young Farmer 1946 - 1951 : 3,5 usd each ( 10 available )
• 100 francs Delacroix 1991 - 1995 : 3,5 usd each
• 100 francs Cezanne 1998 : 3,5 usd each ( 1 available )
• 200 francs Montesquieu 1985 - 1986 : 4,5 usd each ( 2 available )
• 500 francs Peace 1941 : 9 usd
• 1000 francs Minerve F : 8 usd / VF : 11 usd
• 1000 francs Richelieu serial number 20 : 45 usd
• 1000 francs Richelieu VF 1954 - 1955 ( rusty pinhole ): 12 usd each ( 4 available )
• 1000 France Richelieu XF 1954 - 1956 : 22 usd each (8 available )
• 5000 francs 'Terre & Mer' 1951 - 1953 : 28 usd each SOLD

Shipping is 7 usd for all orders . I accept payment with Wise transfer and PayPal (both FF and GS ) . I ship every friday evening and saturday morning .

Proof Picture
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Howdy! Small Sale tonight. I will temporary not accept Zelle.
Buy with Confidence! Every applicable item is Sigma Verified!
Prices are based on Kitco Ask.
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Gold
Pending 1905 2.5 Gold Liberty Bezel (.62 Grams of 14k) - $350
Pending Gold Dos Pesos - $109
All Pending 1/10 Gold Rounds - $212 Each (4 available)
1 Goldback - $4.25 Each (4 available)
1904 $5 Gold Liberty PCGS AU58 - $560
24k Gold Cross, heart middle. 3.2 Grams - $225 Each (Melt is $206)(Little bit more then the weight of a 1/10 Gold)(3 available)
2 Pending $5 Gold Liberty Head - $510 Each (Light Cleaning, all come in capsules)
Dates - 1904, 1905 S, 1879, 1885 S
1856 2.5 Liberty Head - $475
14k Gold Dice Pendant - $40 (.7 Grams)
Pending 2 Gram Gold Credit Suisse Liberty Bar - $158
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Libertad
4 Pending 2023 5 Oz Libertad - $158 Each (12 available)
3 Pending 2023 2 Oz Libertad - $68 Each (18 available)
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Platinum
Pending 2001 1/10 Platinum Eagle IGS - $149
Pending 1998 W Platinum Eagle 1 Oz Proof PCGS 69DCAM - $1,075
Pending 1998 W Platinum Eagle 1/2 Oz Proof PCGS 69DCAM - $545
1998 W Platinum Eagle 1/4 Oz Proof PCGS 69DCAM - $350
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Slabs
El Cazador 8 Reales NGC #1 - $98
El Cazador 8 Reales NGC #2 - $98
Pending 1985 Libertad MS 66 - $52
1 Pending 2023 W Proof Silver Eagle NGC 69 Ultra Cameo First Releases - $64 Each (6 available)
Pending Proof Don't Tread on Me 1 Oz Proof - $30
Pending 1882 S Morgan Silver Dollar NGC MS 64 - $85
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Government/Sovereign Minted Silver Rounds
1 Pending 2021 Peace Dollar with Box and COA - $190 Each (2 available)
Pending 2013 1 Oz Silver Koala - $29
All Pending 2020 Queens Beast White Horse 2 Oz - $53.50 Each (5 available)(Fresh but milky)
9 Pending 2020 Queens Beast White Lion - $54 Each (11 available)(Fresh but milky)
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Silver Eagles
3 Pending 1986 Silver Eagles (Imperfect) - $35 Each (7 available)
Pending 2007 W Burnished Silver Eagle NGC MS 69 with Box and COA - $38
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Bullion Silver
13 Pending 2 Oz Mapleflex in Case - $75 Each (15 available)
Pending 1 Kilo Geiger in Plastic - $875
Pending 500 Gram Geiger in Plastic Case - $440 (Small milk Reverse)
10 Oz Geiger in Case - $295
10 Oz Geiger pour Sealed - $259
Pending 2 Oz Scottsdale Stacker - $54
5 Oz 9 Fine Mint - $125
100 Gram 9 Fine Mint - $85
1 Gram Silver - $1.50 Each (300 available)
1 Kilo RMC (Republic Metals Corporation) - $805
10 Oz Engelhard Logo Back - $290
8 Pending 1 Oz Scottsdale Vortex Silver Bars - $27.50 Each (10 available)
Both Pending 1 Oz Engelhard Silver Bars - $31 Each (2 available)
22 Troy Ounce Ironman Silver Helmet by Pit Bullion - $620 (Slightly over 22 Ozt)
10 Oz Covid Silver Bar (Sealed but toned) - $265 Each (2 available)
Fractional Silver Lot - $58.75 (About $27/Ozt)
All Pending 1 Oz Doge to the Moon (Cloth Marks) - $25 Each (4 available)
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90% Silver
Pending 1946-1964 Silver Dime Set (Only missing 1955 S) - $94
All Pending Better Date Pre-21 Morgans - $26 Each (10 available)
All Pending Nicer 1921 Morgans - $24.50 Each (4 available)
All Pending Nicer Peace Dollars - $28 Each (2 available)
All Pending Peace Dollars -- $23.50 Each (5 available)
Pending 2001 Buffalo Silver Dollar - $79
Pending 2015 Marshal Silver Dollar - $23
Pending 1993 Bill of Rights Proof - $27 (Both the dollar and half are 90% Silver)
Pending 2009 Louis Braille Bicentennial Silver Dollar - $23 (Comes with Box and COA(Slight Milk)
Pending 2015 March of Dimes Silver Proof Dollar - $20
Pending 2005 Proof Marines Silver Dollar - $25 (Cracked Capsule)
25 Different Date/Milk Walking Liberty Half Dollars - $245 for the lot, all in flips.
All Pending Franklin Half Dollars - $9.25 Each (17 available)
Pending Silver Proof Quarter Roll - $188 (Mix of statehood, ATB, territories)
All Pending $13 FV Silver Quarters - $17.50/FV
Pending ATB Silver Proof Quarters Imperfect - $4.50 Each (12 available)
Silver Proof Dimes (Imperfect) - $1.85 Each (89 available)
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35%/40%
23 Pending 40% Kennedys Below Melt - $3.30 Each (100 available)
All Pending War Nickels Below Melt - $1.20 Each (69 available)
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World Silver
1900 Germany Saxony 5 Marks - $70
First Coinage of British Virgin Islands - $23 (Melt is around $17)
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Sterling Silver Most are under Melt
Car Bars with information on the back (66 Grams each) - $52 Each (Melt is at $45)
Pending High Relief Dwight D Eisenhower 42.8 Grams - $30
Sterling Silver Flags at Melt - $29 for the pair
2 Pending Sterling Silver UN Medals Below Melt - 26.50 Grams - $15 Each (6 available)
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Random Items
5 Oz Snap Bullion Sealed - $180
10 Gram PAMP Lotus - $18
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Shipping
Shipping ranges from $5-$6.50 for Ground Advantage. With recent USPS changes, heavier packages can ship ground advantage or Priority Mail. It can be a small box or a bubble mailer—$ 9 for Priority Mail. Insurance can be added upon buyer request and its cost depends on the amount. I pack securely with bubble wrap and other packing materials. Packages go out within two days, Monday through Sunday. It usually takes 1-2 days for USPS to scan packages. No Snail Mail at the moment.
Priority Mail Express/UPS are also available.
Payment
I accept PPFF, Venmo, and Cash App..
Miscellaneous
Also, feel free to let me know if you have any questions.