This is the list that I wrote for Oklahoma's execution roster since the nationwide reinstatement of capital punishment in the late 1970s. Something that should be mentioned is that given the nature of many death penalty related crimes, many of the descriptions contain very disturbing details. Please read at your own risk.
Florida's list is next, and I'll post my list for Texas once I've completed it. With Texas, I've currently finished 464 entries out of the 587 cases to date. That will probably take 7 or 8 posts for it all to be released, so I'll probably do two posts a day with Texas to avoid spamming the sub. At the end of this year, I'll repost the states that have conducted further executions with the updated information.
As with Missouri and Virginia, Reddit's maximum character count limitations forced me to divide Oklahoma's list into two separate parts. Here is the link to part 2.
The currently 124 executed offenders, cases 1 to 62:
1. Charles Coleman (~1950s-1990, lethal injection): A month after he was released on parole in 1979, Coleman broke into a house. While sacking it for any valuables, the homeowner’s brother and sister in law, 68 year old John and 62 year old Roxie Seward, walked in on him and were both shot dead. Coleman stole Roxie’s purse, several packets of frozen meat, and the homeowner’s watch during the burglary, and was arrested shortly afterwards. However, Coleman managed to escape custody, and went on a rampage that involved several burglaries, auto thefts, slitting the throat of a policeman in a failed murder attempt, the shooting death of 49 year old Russell Lewis Jr. in a carjacking, and the abduction of a deputy. The kidnapped deputy was rescued following an armed standoff with other police officers. Coleman had an extensive history of animal cruelty, armed robberies, assaults, and carrying concealed weapons convictions dating back to when he was 11 years old. He was also heavily suspected in the murder of his teenage girlfriend’s father, but was acquitted by the courts despite the prosecution’s strong belief in his guilt.
2. Robyn Parks (1977-1992, lethal injection): During a gas station robbery, Parks shot and killed Abdullah Ibrahim, a 24 year old Bangladeshi immigrant that worked as the attendant. According to Parks, he murdered Ibrahim for catching him using a stolen credit card.
3. Olan Randle (1980-1992, lethal injection): Randle invaded a home and shot the occupants, 41 year old Robert Swinford, Sinford's fiance 42 year old Averil Bourque, and Bourque's friend 38 year old Julia Lovejoy, dead. He took a pocket knife and several watches from the victims.
4. Thomas Grasso (~1970s(?)-1995, lethal injection): While living in Oklahoma, Grasso strangled 87 year old Hilda Johnson, the best friend of his girlfriend's grandmother, to death with her Christmas lights. He took $8 from her purse, several coins that added up to $4, and a television set that he sold for $125. Grasso then moved to New York, and strangled 81 year old Leslie Holtz for his social security check. The trialing arrangements caused some controversy, as the New York governors at the time were anti death penalty, and tried to prevent Grasso's extradition in favor of giving him a life sentence in their jurisdiction. Grasso had several previous convictions for theft and was fired multiple times for stealing from his jobs.
5. Roger Stafford (~1974(?)-1995, lethal injection): Stafford was condemned for killing at least 9 people in two separate robbery incidents with his brother and ex wife, though his ex wife claimed that he was involved with as many as 34 murders nationwide. The first convicted incident was when he and the ex wife carjacked and fatally shot a couple, 38 year old Melvin and 31 year old Linda Lorenz, and their son, 12 year old Richard. A few weeks after the Lorenz murders, Stafford stormed a restaurant and gunned down 6 employees, 56 year old Isaac Freeman, 43 year old Louis Zacarias, 17 year old Anthony Tew, 17 year old David Lindsey, 16 year old David Salsman, and 15 year old Terri Horst. One of Stafford's additional attributed victims was 20 year old Jimmy Berry, who was killed in the hold up of an Alabaman McDonalds, but he wasn't charged by the state due to his death sentences in Oklahoma.
6. Robert Brecheen (1983-1995, lethal injection): Breechen was involved in a feud over money with 59 year old Mary Stubbs and her husband. In an attempt to take what he perceived was owed to him, Breechen carried out a night time burglary of their home. While rummaging through the house, Breechen stumbled upon old Marie in her living room and shot her to death. The gunshots and screams awoke her husband, and he chased him away with his own gun.
7. Benjamin Brewer (1978-1996, lethal injection): Brewer raped his neighbor, 20 year old Karen Stapleton, in her home and stabbed her to death
8. Steven Hatch (1979-1996, lethal injection): Hatch and another assailant, Glen Ake, forced themselves inside the home that Richard Dougass, a 43 year old reverend, shared with his wife, 36 year old Marilyn, and their two children, 16 year old Brooks and 12 year old Lesile. The pair tied up the family and raped Lesile in front of her parents and brother. All four family members were shot, and Hatch and Ake ran off with $43 and the parents’ wedding rings. Richard and Marilyn were both killed in the shootings, while their children survived the attack. Ake was also initially condemned for the attack, but his sentence was overturned and resentenced to life following mental health concerns, and passed away from undisclosed natural causes in 2011.
9. Scott Carpenter (1994-1997, lethal injection): In a convenience store robbery, Carpenter stabbed the owner, 56 year old A. J. Kelley, in the neck, and hid the body in the minnow room. He filled his truck with $37 worth of gas from the pumps and drove away from the scene. His execution caused some controversy, as it was reported that Carpenter gasped and spasmed for 11 minutes after being injected.
10. Michael Long (1997-1998, lethal injection): Enraged that his coworker, 24 year old Sheryl Graber, refused him sex and started screaming for help, he stabbed her over 31 times. Long also shot and killed her son, 5 year old Andrew, for being a witness.
11. Stephen Wood (1992-1998, lethal injection): While heavily intoxicated, Wood stabbed two other homeless men, 46 year old Charles Stephen and 34 year old Charles Von Johnson, dozens of times each. He was given a life sentence for both of their murders. During his incarceration, Robert Brigden, a 59 year old former minister that was serving a 40 year sentence for molesting several girls between the ages of 4-14 in his congregation, moved into his unit after refusing to go into protective custody. Woods killed Brigden in a stabbing attack, and his sentence was escalated to death by the courts for it.
12. Tuan Anh Nguyen (~1982-1998, lethal injection): By all accounts, Nguyen was jealously possessive over his wife, 21 year old Donna. During one of their arguments over his behavior, he stabbed Donna, her 6 year old nephew Joseph White, and her 3 year old niece Amanda White, in their home and left the bodies to be found by the children’s parents. He fled to Arizona, groomed a 14 year old girl into an illicit “relationship”, and impregnated her. After he convinced her to move in with him, Nguyen physically and sexually abused the girl until she fled and went to the local police for help. Nguyen was then deported back to Oklahoma to face trial for Donna and the White children’s slayings, and was sentenced to death for them.
13. John Duvall (1986-1998, lethal injection): During a fight with his wife, 30 year old Donna, Duvall stabbed and suffocated her to death with a pillow.
14. John Castro Sr. (1983-1999, lethal injection): Castro carjacked Beulah Cox, a 31 year old Oklahoma State University student, after she picked him up hitchhiking and shot her to death. A few months later, Castro held up a restaurant with an empty pistol, and attacked the manger, 29 year old Rhonda Pappan, after forcing her to open the register. During their struggle, Pappan was fatally stabbed, and he took off with her purse. During his mid teens, Castro was allegedly molested by his mother. Castro's attorneys made the argument that his glimpses of Cox's buttocks reminded him of his mother's reported abuse, and he was triggered into attacking her for it.
15. Sean Sellers (1985-1999, lethal injection): In 1985, a then 15 year old Sellers tried to buy beer from a convenience store, but the clerk, 32 year old Robert Bower, denied him due to being underaged at the time. Sellers gunned him down in a fit of rage. A year later, Sellers shot and killed his mother, 32 year old Vonda Bellofatto, and stepfather, 43 year old Paul, in their sleep. Due to being 16 at the time of his conviction, Sellers remains the youngest condemned offender to have his sentence carried out in the post Furman era. He also attracted national media attention for claiming that his crimes were the result of demonic possession.
16. Scotty Moore (1983-1999, lethal injection): Moore was fired from a motel for undisclosed reasons. In retaliation, Moore and a cousin (whom he was dating at the time), assaulted the motel, and gunned down the desk clerk, 42 year old Alex Fernandez. According to court documents, the pair took a total of $97 in the robbery.
17. Norman Newsted (1984-1999, lethal injection): Newsted tricked Lawrence Buckley, a 26 year old cab driver, into picking him up. He shot Buckley dead and took his wallet. In an attempt to cover his tracks, Newsted placed the body inside the cab, and drove it into a creek near a local church. Despite his best efforts, Buckley’s cab and remains were discovered a day later by the church’s pastor.
18. Cornel Cooks (1982-1999, lethal injection): Cooks and his accomplice broke into the home of 87 year old Jennie Ridling. She was gagged, raped, and suffocated to death with gauze wrappings. According to autopsy reports, the pair abused her for over 2 hours. They then sacked the house for any valuables and left with her checkbook.
19. Bobby Ross (1983-1999, lethal injection): While robbing an inn, Ross fatally shot a police officer, 30 year old Steve Mahan, that tried to intervene.
20. Malcolm Johnson (~1970s(?)-2000, lethal injection): Johnson invaded the apartment of 76 year old Ura Thompson and sexually assaulted her. Thompson either died from having her chest compounded during the abuse or was suffocated by Johnson’s hands covering her nose. He seized several possessions such as furs, typewriters, purse, watch, rings, and a hand mirror, which were discovered by police in his residence during an unrelated investigation of a firearms possession charge. Johnson had an extensive criminal history, which included several convictions of rape, armed robberies, and burglaries. The case attracted controversy when it was discovered that the lead chemist in the investigation misconducted several of her other cases, and forged some of the evidence used in the trial. Despite the other overwhelming evidence to the contrary, Johnson’s supporters took the opportunity to push a narrative of his innocence.
21. Gary Walker (~1960s-2000, lethal injection): Walker abducted, raped, and murdered at least 5 women, 36 year old Margaret Lydick, 35 year old Jane Hilburn, 32 year old Janet Jewell, 25 year old Valerie Shaw-Hartzell, and 24 year old DeRonda Roy, and non fatally assaulted several other women and teenage girls. The victims were mostly strangled to death with their bras and panties. Some of them were forced to withdraw hundreds of dollars from ATMs before they were killed. He also strangled a man, 63 year old Eddie Cash, with an electrical cord while robbing his home. Walker had dozens of previous convictions for burglary, carjacking, drug possession, and carrying concealed weapons. Some of his earliest arrests occurred when he was a teenager.
22. Michael Roberts (~1988-2000, lethal injection): A career burglar, Roberts was condemned for murder of 80 year old Lula Brooks. She was raped and her throat was slit by an intruder in her home. Roberts' death sentence and execution has been contested, as he was convicted on his later recounted testimony alone. He claimed that the investigators tricked him into confessing with the promise of a plea deal that was allegedly withheld from him.
23. Kelly Rogers (1990-2000, lethal injection): Rogers’ girlfriend lured 21 year old Karen Lauffenburger into her apartment with a fake pizza order. They accosted her when she arrived with the delivery. After the couple forced Lauffenburger to hand to over the $40 she earned from the night's pizza deliveries and withdraw $175 from an ATM, Rogers raped and stabbed her to death. The body was left in Lauffenburger’s apartment and was found by her boyfriend.
24. Ronald Boyd (1986-2000, lethal injection): During a robbery spree of several gas stations and supermarkets, Boyd engaged in a shootout with the responding officers. A Master Patrolman, 32 year old Richard Riggs, was killed in the exchange.
25. Charles Foster (~1980s(?)-2000, lethal injection): Foster suspected a grocery store owner, 74 year old Claude Wiley, of making sexual advances at his wife. He arranged for her to entice Wiley to their home with an order. When he arrived with the delivery, Foster stabbed and bludgeoned him to death with a baseball bat. He a history of convictions involving threats and violence, though my sources didn’t disclose any specific details.
26. James Robedeaux (1978-2000, lethal injection): In 1978, Robedeaux strangled his first wife, 30 year old Linda, and plead guilty to a second degree murder charges. He was released after serving 6 out of a 25 year sentence despite an escape attempt. In the following year, he began a relationship with 37 year old Nancy McKinney while he married a different woman. During an argument, Robedeaux beat McKinney to death, dismembered her body with a saw and machete, and scattered the remains across the state. While being investigated for McKinney's murder, he was arrested for choking and beating his estranged second wife. The cases were incidental and kept separate by the courts.
27. Roger Berget (~1985-2000, lethal injection): Berget carjacked and abducted 33 year old Rick Patterson with an accomplice, and shot him dead. He also admitted to the beating death of a roommate, 40 year old James Meadows, on the behalf of the man's wife. As a trivial side note, Berget's brother Rodney was executed in 2018 by the state of South Dakota for killing a prison guard [for more information, please see Rodney Berget's entry under the South Dakota section of my states with less then 10 executions post].
28. William Bryson (1988-2000, lethal injection): To collect a $300,000 life insurance policy, Marilyn Plantz recruited her boyfriend Byrson and his friend to kill her husband, 33 year old James. Byrson and his friend ambushed Plantz in his house as he was coming home from work and beat him to death with a baseball bat. With the intentions of staging an accident, Marilyn ordered the pair to burn the body in the couple's pickup truck.
29. Gregg Braun (1989-2000, lethal injection): Across several states, Braun shot and killed 4 women, 48 year old Geraldine Valdez, 31 year old Gwendolyn Miller, 28 year old Mary Rains, 27 year old Barbara Kochendorfer, and one man, 54 year old Pete Spurrier, while robbing stores.
30. George Wallace (~1970s-2000, lethal injection): Known as "the Mad Paddler" due to his habit of spanking abducted preteen and teenage boys with a wooden paddle, Wallace kidnapped his victims by posing as a police officer. After duping his targets into thinking that they were being arrested, Wallace restrained them with handcuffs and leg chains. The captives were then sexually abused and shot or stabbed to death. His crimes were exposed when an 18 year old man he abducted escaped from him despite being shot and stabbed numerous times. By his own admission, Wallace murdered 18 year old Thomas Reed, 15 year old William Domer, 14 year old Mark McLaughlin, 14 year old Jeffrey Foster, and 12 year old Alonzo Cade.
31. Eddie Trice (1987-2001, lethal injection): Trice snuck into the home of 84 year old Ernestine Jones and raped her. After he beat Jones to death with numbchucks, he terrorized and extorted her cognitively disabled son of $500 with threats of killing him if he told anyone of the murder. The son was also assaulted with a hammer, and he received injuries to his right eye, right cheekbone, and his right forearm.
32. Wanda Allen (~1981-2001, lethal injection): In 1981, Allen got into a fight with her live in girlfriend, 21 year old Dedra Pettus, and shot her dead. Despite giving a bungled story about her being accidentally killed in a shootout with Pettus’ ex boyfriend to the investigators, Allen managed to secure a 4 year sentence for manslaughter after pleading guilty to a plea deal, and was released after serving two years. While incarcerated, she started dating a fellow inmate, 29 year old Gloria Leathers, and continued their relationship outside of prison. The couple’s relationship was marred with extreme domestic violence on Allen’s end. In one incident, Allen struck Leathers with a rake. In 1989, while they were arguing in front of a shopping center, Allen shot and killed Leathers. Leathers herself also had history of violence, and had a conviction for stabbing a woman to death. Allen and her defense team tried to use Leathers’ previous convictions to make a self defense argument, but that was shot down by the courts.
33. Floyd Medlock (1990-2001, lethal injection): 7 year old Katherine Busch went to visit her family's old apartment, which Medlock was residing in, by herself. Busch knocked on the door and Medlock let her inside after she begged for food. He then choked and sexually assaulted the girl, dunked her head in a toilet bowl, and stabbed her to death. The body was hidden in a nearby dumpster. Busch's grandmothers were staunch pro capital punishment and anti death penalty activists respectively, and their public feud over Medlock's sentence and execution attracted some media attention. Medlock also had an extensive criminal history despite being only 19 at the time of Busch's murder, and was previously arrested several times for indecent exposure, arson, armed robbery, and marijuana possession.
34. Dion Smallwood (1992-2001, lethal injection): Smallwood walked into the home of his ex girlfriend's adoptive stepmother, 68 year old Lois Frederick, without invitation. He had a tumultuous and often violent relationship with her adopted stepdaughter that she strongly opposed, and they broke up under her pressure. After an argument, Smallwood knocked Frederick unconscious with a croquet mallet, locked her in a car, and burned her alive in it.
35. Mark Fowler (1985-2001, lethal injection): To get back at his ex employers for firing him, Fowler and his partner, Billy Fox, stormed a supermarket that he used to work out. The pair rounded up 3 employees, Chumpon Chaowasin, a 44 year old Thai immigrant, 33 year old Rick Cast, and 27 year old John Barrier, at gun point. Their hostages were shot, clubbed, and stabbed to death, and they took over $2,7000 in cash and checks.
36. Billy Fox (1985-2001, lethal injection): Fox assisted the above mentioned Mark Fowler in robbing a supermarket and murdering 3 of its employees
37. Loyd Lafevers (1985-2001, lethal injection): Lafevers and his accomplice, Randall Cannon, kidnapped 84 year old Addie Hawley from her home. She was raped, trapped in the trunk of a car, and burned alive in it. Although she was rescued, Hawley died from her injuries 6 hours later. The pair stole Hawley's wedding ring and Lafevers gifted it to a stripper. As Hawley's nephew was a Colorado state senator, her murder gained some attention from media outlets.
38. Dorsie Jones Jr. (1979-2001, lethal injection): While drinking at a bar, a barmaid chastised Jones for carrying an unconcealed gun. He shot at her in a fit of rage, but missed and injured his female companion instead. Jones then turned his attention to the other patrons and fired on them. 48 year old Stanley Buck Sr. was killed in front of his 19 year old son, who was also wounded in the shooting.
39. Robert Clayton (~1980s-2001, lethal injection): Clayton attacked 19 year old Rhonda Timmons while she was sunbathing near her apartment. She was raped, stabbed, kicked in the head, and strangled to death with her swimming suit. Her husband found Timmons' body laying next to their infant daughter, who was left unharmed. Clayton had a previous rape conviction in Tennessee and a robbery conviction in Texas.
40. Ronald Fluke (1997-2001, lethal injection): Out of despair that his gambling addiction drove his family to near poverty, Fluke shot and killed his wife, 44 year old Ginger, and their daughters, 13 year old Kathryn and 11 year old Susanne, while they were sleeping in their bedrooms. He initially attacked Ginger with a hatchet, but turned to shooting when she fought back.
41. Marilyn Plantz (1988-2001, lethal injection): The married girlfriend of William Bryson. As mentioned under Bryson's entry, Plantz arranged for him and his friend to kill her husband James to collect his life insurance policy.
42. Terrance James (1983-2001, lethal injection): While awaiting trial for a theft of government property charge, James and two accomplices strangled a fellow inmate, 25 year old Mark Berry, with wire out of their suspicions of him being a snitch. They then hung the body in an attempt to make it look like a suicide. Berry was another party in the theft of government property case, and James and his accomplices believed that it was his testimony that got them arrested.
43. Vincent Johnson (1991-2001, lethal injection): Johnson gunned down 44 year old Shirley Mooneyham in her home. The prosecution believed that Mooneyham's boyfriend arranged the killing to collect a life insurance policy, but he was acquitted at trial.
44. Jerald Harjo (~1980s-2001, lethal injection): Harjo snuck into the bedroom of 64 year old Ruth Porter, raped her, and suffocated her with a pillowcase. He then snatched Porter's car keys and drove off with her van. His past criminal history was extensive, and was in prison numerous times for burglary and autotheft.
45. Jack Walker (1988-2001, lethal injection): Disgruntled with the custody dispute over their then 3 month old son, Walker stabbed his ex girlfriend, 17 year old Shelly Ellison, and her uncle, 30 year old Donald, 32 and 11 times with an ice pick during a confrontation at their home.
46. Alvie Hale Jr. (1983-2001, lethal injection): Hale kidnapped 24 year old William Perry to extort a $350,000 ransom from his banking family. When the negotiations failed, Perry was shot dead, and Hale buried the body on his father's property.
47. Lois Smith (1982-2001, lethal injection): Smith, her son, and a female accomplice abducted her son's ex girlfriend, 21 year old Cindy Baillee, from an airport out of fear her testifying of his involvement in the drug trade. Baillee was taken to Smith's ex husband's house, and stabbed in the throat by her ex boyfriend while driving to their destination. Inside the home, she was taunted by Smith with a gun, and was shot 7 times in the chest and 2 times in the back of the head. While her son was reloading the gun, Smith jumped on and crushed Bailee's throat.
48. Sahib Lateef Al-Mosawi (1992-2001, lethal injection): Following a dispute over their newborn son's name, Al-Mosawi's estranged wife, 26 year old Inaam Al-Nashi, fled to the apartment of her uncle, 45 year old Mohammed. Al-Mosaw attacked the pair in the apartment and stabbed them to death. Inaam's sister was also stabbed, but she managed to escape with her life. The couple and their families were refugees from Iraq that were displaced by the First Persian Gulf War, and they fled into the United States.
49. John Romano (1985-2002, lethal injection): Romano and his accomplice David Woodruff robbed and murdered two of their acquaintances. One of the victims, 63 year old Lloyd Thompson, was attacked in his apartment. Thompson was held down by the pair while they stabbed him 22 times and served his spinal cord. The other victim, 52 year old Roger Sarfaty, was tied up, beaten, stabbed 5 times, and strangled to death in a jewelry store he owned. In the robberies, Romano and Woodruff stole several pieces of jewelry from Sarfaty, and took most of Thompson’s quarter collection.
50. David Woodruff (1985-2002, lethal injection): As mentioned under John Romano's entry, Woodruff took part in the robbery murders of Lloyd Thompson and Roger Sarfaty.
51. Randall Cannon (1985-2002, lethal injection): Cannon assisted Loyd Lafevers in abducting, sexually assaulting, and burning Addie Hawley alive in her car. Although he was acquitted of molesting Hawley, Cannon was still condemned for his part in the kidnapping and murder.
52. Earl Frederick Sr. (~1989-2002, lethal injection): Frederick beat Bradford Beck, a 41 year old veteran that was crippled during his service in the Vietnam war, to death in his home after befriending him. He ransacked the house and dumped Beck's body in a field. A second murder, the robbery and shooting death of a Texan man, 77 year old Shirley Fox, was also tied to him. However, authorities in Texas withheld from prosecuting Fredrick due to his death penalty trial and conviction in Oklahoma. Both Fox and Beck had physical disabilities, which led prosecutors to the conclusion that Frederick intentionally selected and depredated on disabled men.
53. Jerry McCracken (~1980s(?)-2002, lethal injection): McCracken and his accomplice shot up a bar, killed 3 patrons and the bartender, and made off with $350. The victims that lost their lives were 41 year old Carol McDaniels, 37 year old Timothy Sheets, 34 year old Steven Sheets, and 27 year old Tyrrell Boyd. Months before the mass shooting, McCracken was paroled after serving time for stabbing 3 people in a bar fight.
54. Jay Neill (1984-2002, lethal injection): During a bank robbery, Neill disemboweled and nearly decapitated 3 tellers, 42 year old Kay Bruno, 25 year old Joyce Mullenix, and 19 year old Jerri Bowles. A group of 4 customers, consisting of 33 year old Ralph Zeller, a married couple, and their 14 month old daughter, unwittingly walked in on him, and he herded them into a backroom to be shot. Zeller was killed, the couple were wounded, and Neill left the daughter unharmed due to running out of bullets. Neill's boyfriend was given a life sentence for the robbery and murders, despite not being directly involved.
55. Ernest Carter Jr. (~1989-2002, lethal injection): After being fired from an autoshop, Carter robbed it with an accomplice, and fatally shot a security guard, 35 year old Eugene Manowski. The pair stole the shop's tow truck, and later tried to burn it with Carter's girlfriend to destroy any traces of the crime. Carter was also previously accused of burning a friend to death in the previous year, but the charges were dismissed.
56. Daniel Revilla (1987-2003, lethal injection): While babysitting his girlfriend's son, 13 month old Mark Gomez, in their home, Revilla broke the boy’s ribs in a beating and scalded him with boiling water. When he brought the boy to a hospital, Revilla gave a story that he accidentally hit Gomez’s head with a door handle, which was quickly seen through by the staff. According to the accounts of his girlfriend and her family, Revilla was violently abusive to Gomez, and they recounted incidents of him trapping the boy in a kitchen drawer, dunking him in cold water, folding him into a pull up bed, and hanging him by his ankles with duct tape.
57. Bobby Fields (~1990s-2003, lethal injection): Fields shot and killed 77 year old Louise Schem while burglarizing her home. She had tried to shot him with her .25 calibre pistol, but he wrestled the gun away from her, and gunned her down with it. His intentions was to steal Schem's television set to sell for cocaine, but left empty handed after losing his nerves with the struggle and murder. According to court documents, Fields had a previous robbery and assault conviction, and several arrests for drug possession.
58. Walanzo Robinson (1989-2003, lethal injection): A member of the Gangster Bloods street gang, Robinson shot and killed 26 year old Dennis Hill, an affiliate of a rival gang, in a turf war over drug sales.
59. John Hooker (~1971-2003, lethal injection): As a teenager in 1971, Hooker attended a party at a friend's house, and got into an argument. In a fit of anger, he fatally shot 18 year old Alta Lang, and wounded two other partygoers. Due to the witnesses refusing to cooperate with the investigation and being unable to prove any calculated intentions, Hooker was given a manslaughter conviction, and released a few years later. After he was paroled, Hooker started dating Sylvia Stokes, and fathered several children with her. Their troubled relationship lasted for 8 years, and ended when Stokes filed a protection order against him. In retaliation, Hooker lured Stokes and her mother, 53 year old Durcilla Morgan, into his apartment and stabbed them both to death.
60. Scot Hain (~1980s-2003, lethal injection): Hain carjacked and abducted a couple, 27 year old Michael Houghton and 22 year old Laura Sanders. After taking $565 and some bags of clothing, he forced them into the trunk of their car at gunpoint, and burned them alive in it. He had several previous arrests for robbery, and was involved with a number of rapes and attempted kidnappings months before the Houghton and Sanders' murders.
61. Don Hawkins Jr. (1985-2003, lethal injection): Hawkins kidnapped 29 year old Linda Ann Thompson and her two daughters, aged 4 years old and 18 months old, from a mall. Although his original intentions were to ransom off Thompson and her children, Hawkins gang raped the captive woman with his cousin and his girlfriend's teenage nephew, and drowned her in a lake. Thompson's children were spared and simply left with a babysitter. Hawkins and his accomplice then went on a nation wide rampage with his accomplice that involved the abductions and rapes of several grown women and teenage girls, hanging 31 year old David Coupez of Colorado in his home while robbing him, and countless other robberies.
62. Larry Jackson (~1984-2003, lethal injection): In 1984, Jackson shot and killed his girlfriend, 19 year old Freda Washington. He accepted a plea deal that dumbed down the charges to second degree murder, and was given a 30 year sentence for it. During his incarceration, Jackson started a relationship with 29 year old Wendy Cade. Despite her promises of marriage after his release, Cade left him for another man, and they got engaged. When Jackson was assigned to a prison work crew, he snuck out and went to confront Cade. Reportedly, the two had bought alchool, cocaine, and cigerates together and had sex in Cade's apartment. However, they got into an argument, and he slashed Cade's throat and stabbed her 31 times with box cutters. Jackson then left with her jewelry, watch, and the keys to her jeep.

"Prevention is better than the cure. The government would like to inform you that they updated their privacy legislation. Congress had decided, in accordance with the rising crime rates, that data will be used to enforce prevention. This would help to eliminate all crimes and moreover would make the United Union a safer place for everyone. UU, in service of us all." The screen was turned off. "This message from our dear government concludes the class for today. Don't forget to learn the homework for the text next week. A reminder has been put into your FEEL. You may now leave the classroom." Martin left the classroom and he seamlessly returned back to his living room. He stretched his legs and left his couch to go waltz to the kitchen. When there he grabbed an apple from the fruit basket. The fruit basket replenished itself. "So, it's like an apple a day keeps the doctor away; prevention is better than the cure." He thought whilst eating the apple. "But how could you punish someone for a crime he didn't even commit yet?" He strolled back to the couch and with a puff he fell onto it. "How about some games?" Martin pondered. After he decided to start his FEEL, his room transformed from his living room to a colossal chamber made of marble. Out of the ground grew gargantuan columns. Which grew miles and miles out until it reached the sky high ceiling, where they supported this non euclidean structure. Before him, there appeared a intertwined network of games he could play. He scrolled through the games at his disposal. "I would like to play something with action, but not with too much auditory stimulus." He chose to play a mountain climbing game, and in the same way as before his room transformed. Trees started to grow, with it the grass and the mountains which laid at his feet. Frustrated Martin said "I now have the base game, but to play it while feeling the wind, cold and excitement costs an extra two hundred dollars". However, he decided to play it anyway. He hiked through the forest. Everything around him was uncannily realistic. The birds chirping, the wind through the trees, the feeling of the ground beneath his feet. Those visuals and feelings were included in the package, except the feelings of actually being there. The richest man could experience everything from just his couch, but he was no rich man. When he arrived at the mountain, it took up his whole view. He didn’t feel intimidated by it, how it towered over him. Even when he reached the top he didn’t feel fulfilled. “That was basically just a grinding session,” he said to himself. He turned off his FEEL and he went outside. “This is the only place where I can feel stuff for free.” he commented whilst laying down in the park. Yet, while he was enjoying the sun. He saw a gorgeous girl. Martin recognised her from class, still he was too anxious to talk to her. “If only life would be easier.” In spite of his anxiety to talk to her, his wishes were met when she approached him. “Hey, I recognise you from class.” The girl told Martin. “Yeah, I recognize you too! My name is Martin. What's your name?” She responded “Emily.” “Emily, I will remember that name. Maybe I can find her in my FEEL.” Martin fantasized. “It was nice meeting you Emily.” He declared out loud. Afterwards, he headed back home. He immediately tried to search her up, he was flying through all the contacts in his FEEL when he finally found someone kind of resembling her. Martin thought of chatting with her, but his apprehension was still present. So he post-boned it to the next day, maybe he will have more courage then. It was starting to get late. As an only child Martin enjoyed his supper alone, because his parents were on their ‘second honeymoon’ as they called it. The sun was long gone, on his plate shined the light of a lonely lightbulb. "If only I could afford to buy courage, happiness or maybe even love. That would make the world a much easier place for losers like me." He finished his supper, did the dishes and decided to call it a day. He went to bed and dreamed of a world where he could feel what he wanted. The following day his excitement got the better of him. He opened his FEEL and messaged the girl: "Hi, I recognize you from school! Would you like to do some experiences with me?" After Martin had sent the text he connected to his FEEL to go to school. When there, hours went by. Without him receiving his anticipated response. "Have I come across as too creepy? Why isn't she responding?" Martin worried. Martin's lessons seemed to mold into one another, math with english, history with science. Into one big blob of the now. The ringing of the school bell snapped him out of it. He got his awaited response: "Sure, I'll be in Lobby IV if you are looking for me." Martin was elated, and decided to immediately head for Lobby IV. When there, he noticed her avatar. He headed into her direction and when there asked "Are you Emily?" Emily replied "Yes, and you are Martin if I remember that correctly?" "That's right! Would you like to go to the bar experience?" Martin reacted. Martin and Emily headed to the bar experience. Alcohol had been legalized for the youth, because drunkenness was simulated. "Do you have enough money to get drunk?" Martin considered. "I already spent all my money on happiness, I always hate to return to the real world when that happiness goes away, '' Emily stated. "Should we also skip this whole dating process and just buy love? I’ll pay for it" Martin reflected. Emily agreed and they chose to buy love. Suddenly, they were crazy for eachother. Martin was really flirty and Emily laughed at his jokes. There was a lot of slight physical contact which accumulated in them kissing. They went to the barkeep with a kind of love fever and decided to rent a room where they shared a bed. There they made passionate love and they went to sleep. Martin woke up in the real world. His feelings for Emily had vanished with her. Everything about that experience felt fake, the girl and his own feelings. Can Martin even call them his own feelings? His only real feelings were that he felt that he was living in a plastic world. One without emotions anymore, only with corporate greed. Following Martin's existential crisis, there was a knock at the door. Martin got out of bed, got dressed quickly and went to the door. It was the police. "Good morning Martin, it appears that you were about to break the law. Do you have anything to say?" A policeman declared. Martin stood there in shock and uttered: "How… How do you know?" He explained "Remember, FEEL stands for Firmware for Education, Entertainment and Legality. The FEEL is designed for the youth which is likely to go on the wrong path. So the FEEL is equipped with technology to predict when they will do a crime, so criminality wouldn’t even be possible in theory. In your case it was a severe crime, so the penalty will be a re-education programme in your FEEL" Martin was scared, he didn't want to take part in a re-education programme. "How long will I be down there?" Martin nervously stated "In real time not even a second, but mentally a year. It will start right after the beep." The policeman responded. There was a moment of silence, afterward Martin heard a Loud beep. The room was blindingly white. He had his own room with a bed and a toilet. In front of him was a tv. The tv turned on and there was an announcement: "Prevention is better than the cure. The government would like to inform you that they updated their privacy legislation. Congress had decided, in accordance with the rising crime rates, that data will be used to enforce prevention. This would help to eliminate all crimes and moreover would make the United Union a safer place for everyone. UU, in service of us all."

This post is part of a series of reviews. To see them all, click here.
Historical information found on Shannon O'Sullivan's Doctor Who website (relevant page here and the TARDIS Wiki (relevant page here). Primary/secondary source material can be found in the source sections of O'Sullivan's website, and rarely as inline citations on the TARDIS Wiki.

Serial Information

• Episodes: Season 18, Episodes 25-28
• Airdates: 28th February - 21st March 1981
• Doctor: 4th
• Companions: Adric, Nyssa (Episodes 2-4), Tegan (Janet Fielding)
• Other Notable Characters: The Tremas Master
• Writer: Christopher H. Bidmead
• Director: Peter Grimwade
• Producer: John Nathan-Turner
• Script Editor: Christopher H. Bidmead

Review

Logopolis is the keystone. If you destroy Logopolis, you unravel the whole Causal Nexus. – The Monitor
Logopolis is, on paper at least, a very busy story. You've got a new companion to introduce, a new incarnation of the Master to establish, a plot about the universe ending, another new companion to establish after being introduced but not really made into a companion last story and, oh yeah, a regeneration. That's a lot.
So why does the story feel so stretched out?
Don't get me wrong, once it gets going, Logopolis is honestly a great story. The final episode and a half are genuinely engrossing television, some of the best material of the whole season (though admittedly there are even some caveats to that). But getting there…hoo boy.
What's funny is that I don't think cutting Logopolis down an episode or two solves the problem. The pacing issue here isn't length, it's something a bit more basic than that. See there's actually a lot happening in the first two and a half episodes, it just all takes the form of moving the characters into the positions that they need to be in for the climax. If not for the Master killing Tegan's Aunt Vanessa in episode 1 and the cloister bell ringing a bunch throughout the same episode, there would be no sense of danger in that episode, but you couldn't really cut much of it out. Because it's all important. It's just that there's no actual peril associated with it. It's moving around characters like pieces on a chessboard so that we can get to the good stuff.
The story opens with the Doctor deciding to go to Earth so that he can measure a police box. He wants to do this so that he can get exact measurements of the thing. And why does he want to do that? Well, simply put, if he does that, he can then go to Logopolis so that the Logopolitans can fix the chameleon circuit. Which is interesting, but doesn't really feel like the setup to a grand adventure. And yet there is a, quite effective, sense of foreboding that builds up behind all of this. This is the first time we hear the cloister bell, and, as a surprisingly late addition to Doctor Who's standard sound effects, it's pretty effective. It doesn't sound like your standard alarm noise, yet it perfectly encapsulates the idea of something dangerous happening – perfect for the idiosyncratic TARDIS. And of course there's the looming presence of the Watcher. A silent figure always just barely in frame, the Watcher is perfectly set up as the harbinger of something bad.
What he is though…is another matter entirely, but we're not there yet.
After a lot of time spent getting Tegan on the TARDIS, getting her Aunt Vanessa killed by the Master and various other shenanigans we finally arrive on the titular planet of Logopolis. That planet's society is so devoted to the study of mathematics that they can execute something called "block transfer computation" which allows for the creation of actual matter by reciting what is effectively a computer program. This is essentially a magic spell, though the story does a lot of work trying to present it as something more scientific. The way the Monitor – the Logopolitan leader – describes it, Logopolis essentially acts as a living computer. They could build actual computers, but the calculations they do are so subtle and complex that they would actually alter the computers themselves, rendering the programs useless.
And then writeScript Editor Christopher H. Bidmead does something clever. He makes Logopolis a culmination of the big arc that dominated much of the season.
It's often said that "entropy" is the main theme of Season 18. That's true…to an extent. The reality is that a lot of the time it's not entropy that's presented as the main theme, but rather it's more generic cousin decay. Much of E-Space was in various states of decay (including the vampire planet in…State of Decay) but this was more of an overarching aesthetic than actually hitting on the idea of entropy. But Logopolis finds a way of retroactively making the theme of all three E-Space stories entropy.
When the Master destabilizes Logopolis (he wants to take control of the planet, naturally) that's when the Monitor has to explain what Logopolis has been doing all this time. Their main work has been a desperate fight against entropy. See, without Logopolis, the universe would have succumbed to entropy long ago. Logopolis has kept entropy at bay by opening up Charged Vacuum Emboitments (CVEs) into other universes to siphon off energy from them. That CVE that the Doctor and Romana fell into back in Full Circle? That was one of them. It's a really clever way of tying the E-Space trilogy into the finale. And since Keeper of Traken was all about the Master's return and introducing Nyssa, that essentially makes Logopolis the culmination of the prior four stories of buildup.
As a concept, it's not without flaws though – well one in particular. The CVE that opened into E-Space was created by the Logopolitans to slow down entropy in our universe, but surely that means entropy would increase entropy in E-Space, causing that universe – that as a reminder is inhabited – to die more quickly (I am aware that there is a Big Finish trilogy that deals with exactly this). Isn't that pretty cruel of the Logopolitans? And how many of the other universes that the CVEs open into are populated? See when I noted the large amounts of decay occurring in E-Space, this story sort of retroactively implies that it's because of the Logopolitans. That's not even the only time the Logopolitans come across as morally dubious, although the other time at least feels intentional.
As mentioned before, we find out about the whole entropy thing because the Master starts messing with the Logopolitans, thus nearly causing the destruction of the entire universe via entropy. While technically appearing last story, this is the first time we really get a look at Anthony Ainley's version of the Master. I've never been a fan. Anthony Ainley will be appearing as The Master on and off for the remainder of the Classic Series' run and his performance does settle down somewhat by the end of the show, but I never really could get into his take on the character. It comes off as Roger Delgado with all the subtlety taken away. Delgado's Master was never the deepest character (well, maybe once or twice), but Delgado was always able to imbue him with a sense of restrained menace. Ainley just sort of attacks every line with pure malice in a way that just does not work for me.
Mind you, this is kind of what John Nathan-Turner wanted. The producer had intended for the new Master to be more like Delgado's Master than the decayed version seen in the last story and The Deadly Assassin but more malevolent and less humorous than Delgado's version. It's just that doing that really does take away from what made Delgado's Master work in the first place. The restraint, the "gentleman villain" persona was so captivating, and now we've absolutely lost that. It's not to say that there's no other way to make the Master work but this is just a poor man's Delgado.
And that's not the only odd choice made with the Master in this story. The Master's face is kept out of sight for most of the first two episodes of the story. This was done, apparently, to make it seem plausible that the Watcher was in fact the Master. Now the restraint shown in keeping the villain limited to a few offscreen laughs for the majority of the first two episodes does create some buildup. But…we saw the Master's new face at the end of the last story. And under different circumstances maybe you could argue that not everyone watching Logopolis necessarily saw Keeper, but if you were trying to build in a twist for those who hadn't watched the prior story, perhaps Logopolis shouldn't have been so much of a direct sequel to the Keeper.
Which isn't to say that Logopolis gets nothing to due with the Master right. In fact, the Master's actual plan is a well-conceived plot. Actually, this story largely takes the same the same basic plot structure as many of the 3rd Doctor era stories featuring the Master. The Master comes up with a plan for conquest, but his arrogance causes him to overlook how it would go wrong. Ultimately, the Master and the Doctor have to work together to stop the threat that the Master has accidentally unleashed. There are two things that make this different from the 3rd Doctor stories of this ilk (eg Terror of the Autons). First, in most of those 3rd Doctor stories, it was some alien menace that the Master had allied himself with before it all would go wrong for him. But in this story, he just happens to fail to realize that Logopolis is the glue that's keeping the universe together. It allows him to take a central role as villain, but we still get those great scenes where the Doctor and the Master are suddenly working together.
But that's the other big change to the formula here. In the past, typically the Master has collaborated in relative good faith with the Doctor when the two are forced to work together. The Master would always make sure he had an escape route before UNIT (or whoever) could arrest him. But aside from that by the end of the story the Master would just be trying to survive the mess he'd made. But here, the Master is continuing to further his plans for universal conquest. And he nearly pulls it off. We'll talk more about the Doctor later, but suffice to say the Master has never been quite so successful in manipulating his arch-rival than in the final moments of this story. It's actually well-done, where we see the that the Master is up to something whenever the Doctor isn't looking, and the Doctor is, of course, suspicious, but it's he doesn't quite have the information to put together what the Master is actually doing. It works quite well.
And speaking of characters first introduced in the last story, Nyssa's back. Apparently brought to Logopolis by the Watcher at first she just wants to find him. And then she does! Looking about twenty years younger and strangely malicious. I've seen people complain that Nyssa comes off looking stupid here. Personally I can buy that, desperate to find her father, she just accepts that he's been de-aged. At bare minimum her trust in the man who looks like a younger version of her father is more excusable than Kassia's trust in the Melkur last story – the fact that both turn out to be the Master notwithstanding. She also gets a really good moment in episode 4, where she realizes that the Master has, in order, killed her step-mother, her father and then destroyed her world, "blotted out forever". Good acting from Sarah Sutton and a genuinely moving scene. But Nyssa's involvement in this story feels a lot more perfunctory than her fairly strong debut. While normally I wouldn't necessarily mind. Logopolis has a lot on its plate after all, and after giving the character a strong debut we can theoretically afford Nyssa taking a more secondary role in this story. But, considering this is actually the story that establishes Nyssa as a companion, it would be nice if she had a little more to do.
Then again, a lot of Bidmead's time was clearly spent trying to establish Tegan. Here we're a lot more successful. Tegan instantly works in this story. The basic idea of the character was a loudmouth Australian (as to why it was decided that new companion should be Australian, see the "Stray Observations" section) whose shouty demeanor was used to cover up her insecurities. We see this playing out nicely through episode 1. Tegan is a flight attendant, or at least about to become one, apparently visiting England and her Aunt before taking her first job starting at Heathrow. We see her insist on taking care of her aunt's car when it breaks down herself – she doesn't trust mechanics and, as she puts it, "It's the 1980s Aunt Vanessa. No knight errants."
Eventually, Tegan accidentally wanders onto the TARDIS out of mixture of curiosity and confusion and gets lost in its corridors – and if Logopolis ever does feel like it's just marking time, it's in these scenes. Tegan does discover the Master's TARDIS within the Doctor's but nothing really comes of that. Once she gets involved in the action properly though, Tegan does something she'll be doing a lot over the course of the next season – complaining to the Doctor. It does work, and to her credit in other moments she shows a degree of interest and curiosity, in spite of being annoyed. And one scene in particular stands out. When she sees how the Logopolitans work she pretty much immediately takes issue with it, telling the Monitor to his face that it looks like a sweatshop. This sets up a pretty interesting discussion between the two, though it's sadly never really resolved. On the whole, while not the best companion introduction of the 4th Doctor era (it's really hard to beat either The Face of Evil or Ribos Operation) it's a strong one all the same.
I should quickly touch on Adric here, although he doesn't do much. In the first episode, when it's just him and the Doctor he does surprisingly little. Later on, he seems quite pleased to see Nyssa again, the first signs of him having a bit of a crush on the Trakenite princess. He takes the most intellectual interest of our characters in the Logopolitan mathematics, and in particular in block transfer computation, something that will pay off next story. Otherwise he's kind of in the background for much of this. This will be a recurring problem for much of the 5th Doctor era, where having 3 companions will force one into the background.
And then, there's the Doctor. I've often remarked that Tom Baker can, by this point, pull off a compelling performance as the Doctor in his sleep. So the question, I suppose, is, does he wake up for this, his final story? Eh…sometimes. Again, Baker's never bad in this story, because he's just not capable of that at this point, and he's definitely more lively than he was in some earlier stories (presumably no longer feeling ill helps out a lot in that department), but he's had way better performances earlier the 4th Doctor era. In spite of the fact that it was ultimately his decision, Tom Baker was not happy to be leaving Doctor Who, and apparently made life difficult for everyone on set as a result (which is not particularly out of character). According to himself, Baker was not taking direction, Janet Fielding recalls him being angry at everyone, and John Nathan-Turner remembers that after he filmed his final scene, Baker simply left without a word.
As for the Doctor's actual characterization in his final story, there are a few moments worth highlighting. When the Logopolitan formulas for fixing the chameleon circuit are inputted into the TARDIS, the Doctor insists on his companions remaining outside the TARDIS. Given that the Master corrupted the calculations, this turns out to be a good thing, but it does raise the question of why the Doctor thought something might go wrong. I think that, given the presence of the Watcher, we can assume the Doctor knew his regeneration was coming soon, and didn't want to take any unnecessary risks.
Also we see the return of some of the 4th Doctor's most notable characteristics. The first, and something I've talked about a lot, is his fallibility. When the Doctor realizes that the Master is still alive after the events on Traken, he naturally assumes that the Master is after him. But this turns out to be wrong, and a pretty grave error. As the Doctor puts it, "And I was vain enough to think it was me he was after." As for the other, it's the 4th Doctor's more mercurial nature. To some extent in the latter half of the 4th Doctor era, he's become a cuddlier version of himself. But as he makes a deal with the Master, his companion object, only for the Doctor to run them each down. Pointing out how none of them were invited to travel with him. This actually serves as the perfect set up for each of them to provide some crucial help the Doctor in the final scenes of the story.
And of course, there's the regeneration. And with it…we have to talk about the Watcher. In principle, this is fine. Sure it's different from any other regeneration we've seen to this point, but there's not a set way for these things to go. And it isn't entirely unprecedented. After all, the Abbot regenerated into Cho-Je who was just a mental projection of the Abbot back in Planet of the Spiders. This ends up working a little differently – Tom Baker doesn't finish his regeneration as a creepy man with entirely white skin – but the idea feels similar enough that, while probably accidental, the parallel still holds up. The Watcher being more ethereal than Cho-Je can be put down to the Doctor's lack of control over his regenerations when compared to Time Lords – as seen with Romana's regeneration back in Destiny of the Daleks. And, you know, it's all fiction at the end of the day. As long as it's possible for the audience to follow what's going on, you can get away with a lot.
My issue is that everything feels kind of underexplained. Hell, we don't even really explain what regeneration is, and sure anyone watching knows that there have been multiple Doctors, but it still feels like the sort of thing that someone, maybe Adric who has been traveling with the Doctor for a bit, could explain. And for that matter, the one line of explanation we do get is baffling for it's own reasons. "He [The Watcher] was the Doctor all along" says Nyssa, knowing this…somehow. Sure, she's right, but that it's Nyssa saying this, who knows basically nothing about the Doctor or Time Lords just doesn't track. Her only experience with Time Lords changing bodies is the Master taking over her father's body, something which she only found out about later. And that gets to my main problem with this regeneration – it all feels very ad hoc.
Which isn't to say there's nothing good about it. The Doctor seeing hallucinations, first of former villains as he's about to fall to his (temporary) death and then of all his old companions works really well. It's the first instance of this, and it's something that works well enough that we'll see it get repeated a couple of times. And I do think his last line, as aggravating as how the whole regeneration is handled, "It's the end, but the moment has been prepared for", is a good line. And that ending shot of Peter Davison as the Doctor smiling then sitting up works really well.
On a technical level, this story is a strong one. The Logopolitans initially look just like humans but have these enlarged backs of their skulls, presumably meant to emphasize their intelligence. Logopolis itself is a very impressive set. It's one of the few alien city sets to this point that genuinely feels like an actual location on not just a few corridors. The Watcher looks very appropriately mysterious and creepy. And the music is some of the absolute best work from this era. Paddy Kingsland, who probably should have become the show's permanent composer based on his work at this time, but sadly only ever got to work on a handful of stories from Seasons 18-21, does a remarkable job backing up the mood and style of the piece. Logopolis gets a a memorable theme that feels tinkly yet serious, the Watcher of course gets some creepy music, the Master gets a sinister sting for a lot of his actions, and so on. The story really is fun to just listen to for its music.
And that's a solid note to end on, because, while I do have some very major complaints, I do like Logopolis. There's a pacing issue early on, probably too many moving parts and that regeneration is mishandled, but once it gets going it's genuinely engrossing stuff. Logopolis is an inherently interesting setting, while I take some issues with how the Master is portrayed, I do like the effect he has on the plot, and the foreboding atmosphere is played perfectly. And hell, even in that first half, Tegan gets a solid enough intro. A pretty good sendoff to the 4th Doctor on the whole, though not without reservations.
Score: 7/10

Stray Observations

• This was Christopher H. Bidmead's final story as Script Editor, having grown frustrated with a job he felt he wasn't getting enough credit for, and having dealt with a very rough shoot for Warriors' Gate. He would be replaced by, essentially, both Eric Seward and Antony Root who would split script editing duties for Season 19. Root would leave the show after Season 19, while Seward would stick around until Season 23.
• Like Douglas Adams in Season 18, Christopher Bidemad wrote the finale for the season he script edited. Like Adams before him, he didn't particularly want to, but couldn't find a writer to do the story in time.
• WriteScript Editor Chrisopher H. Bidmead was a computer enthusiast (at a time when that was still somewhat rare) and the ideas behind Logopolis drew heavily from his interest in computers.
• Tegan was created after the production team was unable to get Louise Jameson (Leela) or Elizabeth Sladen (Sarah Jane) to return to the show. There were other motivations though. Specifically, the BBC's Head of Serials Graeme MacDonald was trying to get additional funding from the Australian government. This came somewhat close to happening even before Tegan was proposed as character, but the BBC and ABC (Australia's equivalent to the BBC) couldn't come together on filming dates for Doctor Who in Australia for Season 19. Tegan was then created to make the show more appealing to the Australian viewers and ABC. Ultimately the plan failed, and the BBC and ABC were never able to come together on a production deal.
• Jovanka was not supposed to be Tegan's last name, but was rather suggested as an alternate name for the character. However Christopher Bidmead misread a document from JNT identifying her as "Tegan (Jovanka)" to mean that her name was meant to be "Tegan Jovanka" and the name stuck.
• Janet Fielding probably shouldn't have been cast as Tegan Jovanka as she lied to the production team twice. JNT wanted an Australian actor for the part and Fielding was recommended to him as being ideal for the part of, as it was described, "bossy Australian". Fielding's first lie was about her age, claiming to be three years younger than she actually was. Her second lie came about because there was concern that Fielding was too short to play someone who was supposed to be a flight attendant. Fielding told the production team that in Australia height requirements for flight attendants were shorter than in the UK because Australians were shorter. Of course that wasn't true, and I'm kind of shocked that JNT believed her.
• Amusingly, Tom Baker was once asked why he left Doctor Who and replied that he was pushed off…by Anthony Ainley.
• The first episode starts with a policeman making a call on an actual Police Telephone Box, and I think it's pretty funny that it's kind of a twist that we can show one of these things and it's not actually a time machine in disguise.
• After that the Master's TARDIS lands in the exact spot occupied by said police box, disguised, naturally, as a police box.
• The Doctor refers to Earth as his "home away from home".
• The Doctor says he left with the TARDIS before its "chameleon conversion" was completed because there were "other pressing reasons at the time". How wonderfully vague!
• Episode 1 has the Doctor making a serious attempt at fixing the chameleon circuit, pretty much the only time the idea is seriously considered on the show.
• It's much better done here, but I appreciate the parallel where in last story Nyssa's stepmother was fooled by the Master and given a piece of jewelry (a necklace in that case) to ensure her obedience, and in this story the same thing happens to Nyssa (only it's a bracelet).
• In episode 4 the Doctor lays his scarf across a narrow walkway so that it acts as a tripwire for the Master, who dutifully trips on it. His scarf is long enough that, even though he's standing a good 4 feet away from the "tripwire" portion of the scarf, he's still wearing the rest of the thing.
• In episode 4, as he's hanging by an electrical cable, the Doctor sees images of his enemies threatening him. The obvious suspects are all there, the Decayed Master, a Dalek, a Cyberman, the Black Guardian, and a Sontaran but also some less obvious choices. A Zygon from Terror of the Zygons (bear in mind the Zygons wouldn't have their second appearance on the show for over 30 years) and the Captain from The Pirate Planet are certainly unusual choices for this part, although both good villains in their own right.

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Date: 05/10/2024

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The Correct but Untenable Geopolitical Quadrangle

Georgia has been trying for quite a while now to convince the world that living within a peaceful and potentially fruitful geopolitical configuration could well be the most optimal way for us to survive and successfully develop. Sakartvelo-West-Russia-East-Quadrangle has proven to be of little effect in the current neo-realistic world order, with a looming multipolar international arrangement.

GeorgiaToday

MIA Says Detained Six Demonstrators, Announces Further Criminal Investigations Against Protesters

Six people arrested during the ongoing rallies against the Foreign Agents Bill on charges of assaulting a police officer and damaging property. Director of the Tbilisi Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Sulkhan Tamazashvili, held a briefing on the six people arrested on May 9. He announced new criminal investigation against all whose speeches during the rallies contain “criminal offenses”

CivilGe

Interior Minister on attacks: I condemn all kinds of violence

Interior Minister Vakhtang Gomelauri has responded to the attacks on civil activists. 6 persons arrested on charges of assaulting a policeman and damaging property at the rally of the opponents of the ‘Transparency of Foreign Influences’ law.

GeorgiaToday

Georgian Ambassador to France Resigns Over Foreign Agents Law

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Georgia to the French Republic and the Principality of Monaco, Gotcha Javakhishvili announced his resignation over the reintroduced Foreign Agents Bill. According to him, the atmosphere that was created between Georgia and its friends and partners due to the re-introduction of the bill made his job “extremely difficult”

CivilGe, MP Maka Botchorishvili on the “Foreign Agents” Bill and Georgia’s Chances at EU Integration under Georgian Dream Leadership

Ambassador Herczyński, President Zurabishvili Address Europe Day Event, GD Absent

European Union Ambassador to Georgia Paweł Herczyński and Georgian President Salome Zurabishvili spoke at a special Europe Day gala concert at the Rustaveli Theater. The addresses resonated with pertinent issues such as Georgia’s alienation from the EU due to the Foreign Agents Law and the strengthening of authoritarian tendencies.

CivilGe, EU Ambassador Herczyński Calls on Georgia to ‘Stay on the EU Path’ on Europe Day, Georgia to Celebrate First Europe Day with European Union Candidate Status, Georgia to Celebrate First Europe Day with European Union Candidate Status, Georgia to Celebrate First Europe Day with European Union Candidate Status

⚽ Sport

Paolo Barjija on the future of Napoli and Khvicha Kvaratskhelia

Paolo Barjija shared insights on the future of the Napoli club and Khvicha Kvaratskhelia on Radio Capri’s program Bordocampo. Antonio Conte had no intention of joining Napoli, while Fiorentina's Vincenzo Italiano is being considered.

GeorgiaToday

Date: 05/08/2024

Reading time: 2 minutes, 552 words

🪖 Military

Georgian Citizen Illegally Detained by Russian Occupation Forces

Another Georgian citizen was illegally detained by the Russian occupation forces in the vicinity of the village of Akhalubani, Gori municipality, near the Tskhinvali occupation line. All existing mechanisms for the release of illegally detained Georgians have been activated, the SSSG reported.

CivilGe, Two Georgians Illegally Detained by Russian Occupation Forces Released

Two More Georgian Fighters Killed in Ukraine

Davit Ghoghadze and Beso Lomidze were killed in the vicinity of the Ukrainian city of Avdiivka. The latest casualty brings to 50 Georgian citizens who have died fighting in Ukraine since Russian invasion on February 24.

CivilGe

🏛️ Politics & Government

GYLA Raises Alarm Over Surge In Abusive Phone Calls Amid Protests, Alleges Personal Data Breach

The Georgian Young Lawyers’ Association (GYLA) voiced concern about a recent wave of abusive and intimidating phone calls targeting individuals involved in ongoing protests against the foreign agents law. The GYLA alleges a violation of the processing of personal data, possibly involving the use of state agencies’ databases. The Personal Data Protection Service said that it is studying the legality of processing of citizens’ telephone numbers.

CivilGe, MIA Showcases Violent Rally Dispersals Abroad, Threatens Similar Actions Against Agents’ Bill Protesters, Speaker Announces Launch of Incriminating Database on Opponents, GD to create database where information will be gathered about those “involved in violence”, GD to create database where information will be gathered about those “involved in violence”

OGP Gives 30 Days to Government to Develop Working Plan Addressing Key Concerns

The Open Government Partnership’s Criteria and Standards Subcommittee issued a response policy document on May 6. Georgia's Open Government Interagency Coordination Council raised concerns about the reintroduced Foreign Agents Law. Georgia has until June 6 to develop a comprehensive plan to address the identified challenges. Failure to do so may lead to Georgia's suspension from OGP unless concerns are addressed.

CivilGe

💵 Economy

The EU and UNDP supports new opportunities for entrepreneurs across Georgia

EU and UNDP support opened new opportunities for thousands of small and medium-sized entrepreneurs across Georgia empowering them to embrace greener, more innovative, and more sustainable business practices.

GeorgiaToday

Date: 05/07/2024

Reading time: 4 minutes, 846 words

🪖 Military

An attack on Volodymyr Zelensky was prevented in Ukraine

Ukraine's President of the State Volodymyr Zelensky was planned to be attacked and killed. The head of military intelligence Kirill Budanov and head of State Security Service Vasyl Maliuk should have been killed before Easter, officials say. The assassination of the head of the state security service was intended as an inaugural gift to Putin, they say.

EuroNewsGeorgia

🏛️ Politics & Government

ECtHR Finds Failure of Criminal Investigation in ‘Gavrilov’s Night’ Cases, Orders State to Pay Damages

At least 240 people, including 40 journalists and 80 police officers, were injured in the police dispersal of the anti-occupation rally outside the Parliament building on Rustaveli Avenue in Tbilisi on June 20-21, 2019. The ECHR finds the violation of Article 3 only in the procedural part, not in the substantive part, taking into account the complex nature of the investigation and the fact that many applicants applied prematurely.

CivilGe, Strasbourg Resolution on "Gavrilov Night"

Opponents of Pashinyan march from Tavush to Yerevan

Residents of the northeastern province of Armenia, Tavush, started marching to Yerevan to protest against the Armenian government's decision to transfer land to Azerbaijan. In April, Armenia and Azerbaijan came one step closer to normalizing relations. According to the agreement reached, Armenia cedes certain territory to Azerbaijan.

EuroNewsGeorgia

Russia bans “foreign agents” from participating in elections

Russian lawmakers have passed a bill banning "foreign agents" from running for political office in the country. It is the latest in a series of tightening restrictions against those whom the Kremlin accuses of working in the interests of Western governments. The bill will now be sent to the upper-house Federation Council, after which it will need to be signed by President Vladimir Putin.

GeorgiaToday

"The basis of Putin's regime is lies and corruption" - Navalnaya

Yulia Navalnaya, widow of Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny, urges Russian citizens not to give up in the fight against Putin's regime. She says now Russia is ruled by liars, thieves and murderers. Navalny's associates believe that Navalny was killed on Putin's orders.

EuroNewsGeorgia

Speaker Again Lashes Out at NED, EED, MEPs for ‘Non-transparency,’ Funding ‘Radicalism,’ Political Parties

Parliament Speaker Shalva Papuashvili again attacks the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) and the European Endowment. He accuses them of lacking transparency and funding what he called a “violent” local NGO, the Shame Movement, and, indirectly, political parties. The “I threw it” campaign was initiated by the “Shame Movement” to support of Lazare Grigoriadis, who was accused of allegedly throwing a Molotov cocktail at the police and setting fire to the police car during the March 7-9 protests.

CivilGe

MEPs Call for Suspension of EU Candidate Status for Georgia

Leading MEPs call for suspension of Georgia’s EU candidate status, review of EU funding of the Georgian state budget. The MEPs, in a letter of May 7 to European Commission Vice-President and High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Josep Borrell, say that “continued undemocratic behaviour of Georgian authorities has crossed the line”

CivilGe, MEPs to Borrell: Georgia’s candidate status should be suspended, authorities crossed the line, MEPs to Borrell: Georgia’s candidate status should be suspended, authorities crossed the line

Fifth term and fifth oath - another inauguration of Putin

Vladimir Putin took the presidential oath for the fifth time in the St. Andrew's Hall of the Kremlin. Few doubt that Putinism is the modern incarnation of Stalinism, writes Alexander Nemenov. Putin does not seem willing to deviate from his path of destruction, repression and antagonism towards free countries, he writes.

EuroNewsGeorgia

SIS: Investigation into Police Brutality Ongoing

On May 7, the Georgian Special Investigation Service (SIS) released a statement saying it is collecting evidence concerning the allegations of police violence against the participants of the April-May protest rallies. SIS immediately launched a criminal inquest into possible facts of exceeding authority through the use of violence.

CivilGe

Top Abkhaz Diplomat Dismissed, Goes to Moscow

Inal Ardzinba is the de facto foreign minister of the Russian-occupied Georgian region of Abkhazia, Aslan Bzhania, fired without giving a reason. He recently appeared at the Russian First Channel, the main Russian propaganda outlet, as an anchor of the talk show titled “The Global Majority” with Bashar Assad as his first guest.

CivilGe

A week of rallies against the Russian law to be held in regions of Georgia

A week of rallies against the “Russian” law is planned in the regions of Georgia. Citizens will gather in Zugdidi, Gori, Kutaisi and Borjomi to protest against the law.

GeorgiaToday

💵 Economy

EBRD Warns Against Foreign Agents Law

The president of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) Odile Renaud-Basso warned that the foreign agents law may hurt investment in Georgia and the country’s economy. “We were surprised to see it coming back, and we are concerned by the dynamics of what's involved,” he said.

CivilGe

Close friendly ties, economic cooperation in focus of meeting between Georgian FM, Swedish Foreign Trade Minister

Georgia and Sweden discussed close friendly ties and growing trade and economic cooperation. The sides highlighted the importance of having a “very close” political dialogue. The parties reaffirmed their willingness to continue close and mutually beneficial cooperation both bilaterally and multilaterally.

AgendaGe, Sweden’s Minister for International Development Cooperation Visits Georgia

Date: 05/06/2024

Reading time: 0 minutes, 34 words

🪖 Military

Another Georgian Fighter Killed in Ukraine

Soso Gugutashvili was a fighter with the “Black Eagle’s combat unit. He was killed in the vicinity of the Ukrainian city of Avdiivka. 48 Georgian citizens have died fighting in Ukraine since February 24.

CivilGe

Date: 05/05/2024

Reading time: 0 minutes, 45 words

🏛️ Politics & Government

Patriarch’s Easter Epistle Urges Unity Through “Love of Motherland” Despite Confrontation

The 2024 Easter Epistle of Patriarch Ilia II accentuated the need for unity and peace. He lamented the distraction of people from spiritual thoughts to earthly life due to recent “political processes” He called for unity out of “love for the homeland” despite people’s differences.

CivilGe

Date: 05/04/2024

Reading time: 0 minutes, 98 words

🪖 Military

Sakpatenti, WIPO joint project, supporting production of unique Georgian products, completed

Project on Collective Management, Branding and Commercialisation of Selected Registered GI in Georgia was completed. It aimed to support farmers, associations and entrepreneurs who produce unique Georgian products marked with geographical indications and appellations of origin. Tushetian Guda cheese was selected, on which training sessions were delivered for producers.

AgendaGe

🏛️ Politics & Government

President Denounces Ivanishvili’s “Provocative” Speech, Urges High-Level European Visits

Salome Zurabishvili said ruling Georgian Dream founder and honorary chairman Bidzina Ivanishvili’s speech at the April 29 counter-rally in support of the Foreign Agents Bill “was very provocative” The President said Georgia is in a “tense” situation and called on Ambassadors to encourage high-level visits from Europe in May.

CivilGe

If you'd like to support this work/ get these reports emailed daily: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/newsreports

My community is romanian so it was originally written in romanian, just translated it with chat gpt now so that may be why some words or expressions sound weird.
How to Find Urban Exploration Locations Without Someone's Help
Google is your friend: Search, Maps, and Earth.
Most of the locations I explore are found online. The internet is the most important resource we have in urban exploration and it's not that hard to use it properly. If you search and don't find information online (let's say in Bucharest), it means you haven't searched enough (I've been to hundreds of locations in the past year, and 90% were found online) xD
I. Before you search, you need to ask yourself a few questions:

1. What do you want to find?

Okay, urban exploration locations. What kind of locations? Are they abandoned houses or buildings, unfinished construction sites, abandoned industrial buildings, forts or bunkers, etc. There are many options, and you can easily find information by using specific searches.

1. Where is the location?

Again, the volume of information on the internet is absolutely huge, and it helps to have a specific search (street, sector, city, county, region, country etc.).

1. In what form do you think the information you want is? Where do you think you'll find it? Is it a social media post or a blog? Is it an article in the press? Is it in an official document?

Depending on the answer, you can adapt your search. In practice, various terms are used depending on the purpose of the text. The most efficient way to get used to this (it becomes instinctive at some point) is practice :))
II. Finding a potential location and confirming it.
The most basic option is to search for pre-made lists of abandoned places. You can search on Google for "abandoned places Bucharest" and find posts on forums, websites, social media, etc.
Obviously, the information is not always up to date (in fact, in urban exploration, it's rarely up to date), and you need to check if the location is still abandoned, which is relatively simple. Let's say you found Alex Iacob's website (Reptilianul) and see an interesting location. Let's say Aversa. It's not a good idea to assume that's all because you might end up at the location and find it's a guarded ruin (or that you're trying to enter an active building protected by the military even though it seemed like a ruin online - real story, sadly).
I first search on Google Earth what the location looks like (btw, just because it looks like that on Earth or Maps doesn't mean it's like that in reality because the image is not always updated) and check 3D or street view. If it still looks abandoned (broken windows, broken fences, graffiti, holes in walls, vegetation, holes in the roof, etc.), I do some searches on Google to find additional information. You don't always find something useful like this, but in the case of famous buildings, there is plenty of information online (check their current status and look for the latest news/posts). In the case of less known buildings, it helps to search for the exact address to see what their situation is.
And if we're talking about searches, there are some relatively well-known things ignored by many people. When you search for something on a standardized search engine (let's say a simple search on Google), you find enough close results. Basically, it searches for similar terms but not exact ones, which usually doesn't help us. You can avoid this by using an advanced search (especially since you can avoid some terms, so if you're looking for a news story about an abandoned building, you can avoid news about mainstream ones) or by putting the searched terms in quotation marks. Another thing is searching for the type of documents. Let's say you want to search for locations using some official documents. In this case, you can search by file type. For example: "abandoned buildings" filetype:pdf (and you find documents in pdf format containing the words you searched for).
Well, now you can search for some tips and tricks on Google searches because there are plenty of them :))
Another option is to spend a lot of time on Maps or Earth to find locations that seem abandoned and then check them. Here it's about patience and discipline. You can't really rush the process, you just have to invest time and effort, and you'll find locations 100%.
III. Physically verifying online information.
Regardless of your skill in finding online information, you still need to physically verify it. This depends on the person and your circumstances.
I'm more paranoid by nature, and I admit I have some issues with anxiety/overthinking, so I try to make everything as safe as possible (especially from a legal point of view). This means I don't take many risks, I check the buildings physically before entering, I take a quick look around without entering at that time. I look for guards, cameras, entry and exit ways from a building (the entrance can be slower but subtle, the exit should be quick, even if it's too obvious). Preferably, multiple exits and entrances, just in case (and it works, I haven't received any fines in 4-5 years of urban exploration).
What you do next is your choice. I prefer not to take risks if I see something suspicious; it's not like the location will disappear if I don't enter it right away.
IV. You've seen a location in someone's post and want to go there too.
Here it's complicated (obviously, you don't spam the person with messages "give me the location too"). If the photos are from inside a building, it's hard to figure out the location (not impossible). In theory, a location posted recently on this subreddit would have a vague location posted by the author (city or region, nothing more exact, and that only if the exact location is not obvious).
So you have a starting point, you know the approximate area. To increase your chances of success, you need to figure out what type of building it is. Some are impossible to find without someone giving you the location (like the recent post about Mrs. Eugenia's house here) because it's just a simple house and there shouldn't be any online information about it. Furthermore, it's not a "special" or "unique" location that you can differentiate from other houses in Romania. Other locations are easier; you see a logo, specific equipment, or anything that helps you figure out what the location was used for. For example, you see an old train and think it's something related to the Romanian Railways. Or you see an old gas mask and think it's some industrial building from the communist era. If you know the relative area, you have a chance to find the area because you've advanced to "abandoned industry Constanța" (hypothetically speaking).
If the photo is of the exterior, the situation changes (for the better) because you have a higher chance of finding the location. What do you see in that photo? Do you recognize anything? Let's say it's a photo taken from some buildings in Bucharest, and you see a fairly large lake. There aren't that many large lakes in Bucharest; you've already found some approximate areas where that building could be. Usually, there are enough details in the photos, and you can use them: tall buildings with the corporate logo on them, giant advertisements, emblematic buildings, maybe even traffic signs with the names of streets.
If you see this information, you further reduce the possible locations. You definitely find the area using Google Earth 3D view and street view to find the exact place (you practically walk around until you find from which direction the photo was taken, and then you look to see if it looks abandoned. If not, it's probably a normal building that someone climbed, so you can look for graffiti, but those are not mandatory).
Another option that rarely works (but is quick and free, so I usually test it first) is reverse search by image. I recommend a browser extension: Invid Weverify, which basically searches for an image using multiple sites (it's for fact-checking, but geolocation is part of it, so it's useful).
For those interested in geolocation, I can give you some references to something more detailed/useful. See what techniques are used in OSINT and adapt them for finding urbex locations lol. I recommend the book "OSINT Techniques: Resources for Uncovering Online Information" by Michael Bazzell, 2023 edition (btw, Libgen is brilliant, Z Library as a backup. Update: Anna's Archives is getting bigger than anything now).
I know my guide might seem disappointing; I'm sure I probably missed some "strategies," but believe me, I've been using them for years and have found plenty of locations. There's no magic solution; it's just about time, effort, and skills gained through training. I hope my little "guide" helps you :)))
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Guide to Urban Exploration Safety

Exploration is an interesting hobby, but it can be dangerous, and I think we're all aware of that. It's important to acknowledge the risks when embarking on exploration and not start with the mindset of "it won't happen to me" because anything can happen to anyone. Yes, the chances are slim, but not nonexistent. Most of the things here are logical, some maybe not. Let me start with a list of the "equipment" I consider necessary (in general, obviously depending on the situation), then I'll cover a passage about avoiding legal problems, safety issues during exploration, what to do if you encounter dogs or homeless people, and other general advice.
1. Equipment:
a) Comfortable footwear (you never know how much walking you'll do), with thick soles (to protect against nails, shards, spikes, etc.), and relatively waterproof (depends on the situation, but I've often encountered mud, puddles of water, or other liquids lol).
b) Comfortable clothing (freedom of movement), dark-colored (to avoid drawing attention, especially if you're in a building where you'd be the only colorful spot), and durable (or clothing you don't care much about getting dirty or damaged easily).
c) Mask (I know it's an investment, but a good mask should be essential). Many of the buildings we explore are old, which means there are some risks: asbestos, lead paint, or various chemicals in the air. The first two are banned, but they were legal when some of the buildings we explore were constructed. Then there's the risk of encountering chemicals that have been dumped there or were in the buildings before they were abandoned, but the container is destroyed or simply not maintained the way it used to be (and in many buildings, ventilation is quite dusty). Not to mention other minor but annoying hazards: dust and mold. Bonus: the mask helps endure the horrible smell you constantly encounter in urbex lol.
d) First aid "kit" - it doesn't have to be anything fancy, logically, but it doesn't hurt to have something on you just in case: band-aids, some bandages (the adhesive type is more useful), disinfectant (because most of the things you can cut or prick yourself on are either rusty or dirty). If it's something more serious, go to the hospital quickly (I think that was obvious, but I thought I'd add it - especially if we're talking about dog bites or cuts/piercings caused by rusty objects).
e) Situational "tools": wet wipes/disinfectant (especially if you're a smoker or if you want to eat), flashlight (I prefer flashlights that can be charged at the outlet, but also have regular batteries), power bank (because, well, you need your phone), water and some food (I've had to wait hours for security/police to leave so I could leave the building), rope/paracord (especially if you know you need to descend a considerable distance), gloves (especially if you're climbing somewhere), etc. I'm waiting for suggestions from you; I'm sure I missed something 😊)
e) Self-defense: pepper spray (for homeless people) and some food (for dogs). Also, it doesn't hurt to have some extra cigarettes or food in case you talk to a homeless person.
2. Avoiding Legal Problems
Exploration is illegal in most cases (even if there's no sign saying "forbidden," locked doors or gates, barbed wire fences, surveillance cameras, etc.), so we accept the legal consequences of our choices (and yes, even minors). I divide exploration into 3 stages: entering the location, exploring it, and exiting the location.
For me, entry should be invisible, exploration subtle, and exit quick.
First of all, I need to check if the location is abandoned. I check online first (mainly news about the location, searching for the "exact address" in quotes to find that exact address; if it's a company, I check the business details; reverse search a street photo to see if I find something, etc.), then I check physically (broken fence, broken windows, absence of surveillance cameras, absence of activity traces, absence of alarm at the entrance, etc.). If everything is fine and the location is abandoned, then I start looking for an entry. For me, entry should be subtle (preferably not through a crowded place where people can see you, not through a place with surveillance cameras), quick (to minimize the possibility of someone catching you jumping the fence), and efficient (it's useless to have a subtle and quick entry if you waste a lot of time getting into the building, so you increase the time you're in open space).
Exploration should be subtle: don't make noise, don't use bright lights (minimum necessary, you don't need a powerful flashlight to see where you're going), and don't go in a large group (3 people seems enough to me). Don't hang around windows, and if you're on the roof, try not to attract attention (especially with the light from the flashlight or phone lol).
Exiting should be as subtle as the rest, but if it can't be... well, at least it should be quick because no one will chase you anymore. Try to exit where you can check if someone is passing by (if it's near the street) or if someone is waiting for you (security or police).
I'll add here the importance of anonymity, both during exploration and afterward. I know the chances of legal trouble because of this are slim, but it doesn't cost you much to reduce risks: cover your face or at least wear a hood during exploration, avoid posting online photos/clips where features that could be used for your identification are visible (face, tattoos, etc.), if you get into urbex and are active online, don't involve your real name in the equation.
3. Building Safety Issues
Obviously, it depends on the location being explored, but usually, we're talking about buildings abandoned for some time and their condition is not ideal. First of all, this means you risk falling through the floor, having the ceiling fall on your head, and you can't really avoid that. Obviously, don't jump like a retard if you see that the floor is unstable 😊)) But usually, it matters to keep your attention during exploration (look for holes and cracks in the floor or ceiling, check how solid the object you're holding onto is when trying to climb onto something, etc.), know your limits (especially when it comes to heights, free climbing, or parkour), and don't take unnecessary risks (common sense things: don't touch unknown substances, cables, sharp objects, etc.).
4. Dogs and Homeless People
Yes, homeless people are also humans, I included them here just out of laziness. I don't recommend going to urbex with headphones on because they help you hear the noises from the ground. If you hear barking, assume there are dogs so you can play it safe: avoid those areas, don't stay outside the building for too long, check the area from above when you reach the
upper floors or the roof. Same goes for homeless people: you rarely encounter them during the day, but it helps to avoid them if you hear noises, shouting, etc. If you encounter dogs and homeless people, aggression and running away won't help. It's much better to remain calm and retreat in an organized manner. If you have no choice, engage in conversation with homeless people but not aggressively, don't show off like you have money, behave as if you have a backbone (meaning, have balls, but not in a passive-aggressive way).
5. General Advice
Watch out for tobacco, alcohol, and drug consumption. I included tobacco on the list just to emphasize the idea that you shouldn't throw lit cigarettes randomly because you risk setting fire to the location (especially if there are flammable substances there, old papers, etc.). I don't recommend in any possible way consuming anything that makes you think irrationally, especially since you need a good balance in some situations (good luck jumping high fences if you're dead drunk or high as a kite), but I think that's obvious.
Choose your locations wisely, understand your limits. I understand that some places are extremely interesting, but I don't recommend someone who has never been to urbex to explore a well-guarded or hard-to-reach building. Not to mention that some places are really risky (like subway tunnels), others are not a good idea at night (extremely damaged locations or those where the light from flashlights is very visible), and others are simply inaccessible in general (security, locked doors, surveillance cameras, etc.).
I don't recommend going urbex alone, but neither going in large groups. The larger the group, the greater the chances that someone will make a mistake or somehow attract attention (it's one thing for 1-3 people to jump over a fence and another for 5-10 lol). I actually try to create a community here, but that doesn't mean I can control the quality of the people present on this subreddit in any way. When choosing to explore with strangers you find online, some dangers arise, obviously. I'm not even mentioning those extremely unlikely dangers (to be a policeman, organ theft, etc. lol), I'm referring to more concrete ones: you don't know how cautious the respective person is, how much experience they have, what physical condition they are in, etc. You might be cautious, but you might get hurt because of the person next to you. I'm not even mentioning the possibility of encountering someone who's a jerk and does nasty jokes in abandoned buildings (locking you somewhere, leaving you behind, etc.), committing some illegalities (beating up a homeless person, setting something on fire, destroying things, etc.), and so on.
Also, urbex should not and should not be a competition. For me, all that matters is to feel good when I explore. I've met people who see exploration as a competition (x has been to y place, I have to go too) or people who are in a continuous search for validation online. I'm by no means the most experienced urbexer, but I can say that in the last 4-5 years, I've seen people who started doing urbex and then took on more and more risks (and yes, the places they've reached are cool). I believe there are few of those people (and no, I won't name names) who continue to do urbex: most of them calmed down after legal problems started to arise (I know it may not seem like it when you're young, but that criminal record can have nasty consequences), and the unlucky ones have serious medical problems (I've seen a few cases of life-changing problems in the comments, like nasty fractures, paralysis, etc.). If you look for it a bit, you'll find enough news about people who died doing urbex (and I'm not talking about suicides), so there can be serious consequences for recklessness.
That being said, I'm not here to tell you how to do urbex; the post is for those who want to explore safely and are just starting out.

My community is romanian so it was originally written in romanian, just translated it with chat gpt now so that may be why some words or expressions sound weird.
How to Find Urban Exploration Locations Without Someone's Help
Google is your friend: Search, Maps, and Earth.
Most of the locations I explore are found online. The internet is the most important resource we have in urban exploration and it's not that hard to use it properly. If you search and don't find information online (let's say in Bucharest), it means you haven't searched enough (I've been to hundreds of locations in the past year, and 90% were found online) xD
I. Before you search, you need to ask yourself a few questions:

1. What do you want to find?

Okay, urban exploration locations. What kind of locations? Are they abandoned houses or buildings, unfinished construction sites, abandoned industrial buildings, forts or bunkers, etc. There are many options, and you can easily find information by using specific searches.

1. Where is the location?

Again, the volume of information on the internet is absolutely huge, and it helps to have a specific search (street, sector, city, county, region, country etc.).

1. In what form do you think the information you want is? Where do you think you'll find it? Is it a social media post or a blog? Is it an article in the press? Is it in an official document?

Depending on the answer, you can adapt your search. In practice, various terms are used depending on the purpose of the text. The most efficient way to get used to this (it becomes instinctive at some point) is practice :))
II. Finding a potential location and confirming it.
The most basic option is to search for pre-made lists of abandoned places. You can search on Google for "abandoned places Bucharest" and find posts on forums, websites, social media, etc.
Obviously, the information is not always up to date (in fact, in urban exploration, it's rarely up to date), and you need to check if the location is still abandoned, which is relatively simple. Let's say you found Alex Iacob's website (Reptilianul) and see an interesting location. Let's say Aversa. It's not a good idea to assume that's all because you might end up at the location and find it's a guarded ruin (or that you're trying to enter an active building protected by the military even though it seemed like a ruin online - real story, sadly).
I first search on Google Earth what the location looks like (btw, just because it looks like that on Earth or Maps doesn't mean it's like that in reality because the image is not always updated) and check 3D or street view. If it still looks abandoned (broken windows, broken fences, graffiti, holes in walls, vegetation, holes in the roof, etc.), I do some searches on Google to find additional information. You don't always find something useful like this, but in the case of famous buildings, there is plenty of information online (check their current status and look for the latest news/posts). In the case of less known buildings, it helps to search for the exact address to see what their situation is.
And if we're talking about searches, there are some relatively well-known things ignored by many people. When you search for something on a standardized search engine (let's say a simple search on Google), you find enough close results. Basically, it searches for similar terms but not exact ones, which usually doesn't help us. You can avoid this by using an advanced search (especially since you can avoid some terms, so if you're looking for a news story about an abandoned building, you can avoid news about mainstream ones) or by putting the searched terms in quotation marks. Another thing is searching for the type of documents. Let's say you want to search for locations using some official documents. In this case, you can search by file type. For example: "abandoned buildings" filetype:pdf (and you find documents in pdf format containing the words you searched for).
Well, now you can search for some tips and tricks on Google searches because there are plenty of them :))
Another option is to spend a lot of time on Maps or Earth to find locations that seem abandoned and then check them. Here it's about patience and discipline. You can't really rush the process, you just have to invest time and effort, and you'll find locations 100%.
III. Physically verifying online information.
Regardless of your skill in finding online information, you still need to physically verify it. This depends on the person and your circumstances.
I'm more paranoid by nature, and I admit I have some issues with anxiety/overthinking, so I try to make everything as safe as possible (especially from a legal point of view). This means I don't take many risks, I check the buildings physically before entering, I take a quick look around without entering at that time. I look for guards, cameras, entry and exit ways from a building (the entrance can be slower but subtle, the exit should be quick, even if it's too obvious). Preferably, multiple exits and entrances, just in case (and it works, I haven't received any fines in 4-5 years of urban exploration).
What you do next is your choice. I prefer not to take risks if I see something suspicious; it's not like the location will disappear if I don't enter it right away.
IV. You've seen a location in someone's post and want to go there too.
Here it's complicated (obviously, you don't spam the person with messages "give me the location too"). If the photos are from inside a building, it's hard to figure out the location (not impossible). In theory, a location posted recently on this subreddit would have a vague location posted by the author (city or region, nothing more exact, and that only if the exact location is not obvious).
So you have a starting point, you know the approximate area. To increase your chances of success, you need to figure out what type of building it is. Some are impossible to find without someone giving you the location (like the recent post about Mrs. Eugenia's house here) because it's just a simple house and there shouldn't be any online information about it. Furthermore, it's not a "special" or "unique" location that you can differentiate from other houses in Romania. Other locations are easier; you see a logo, specific equipment, or anything that helps you figure out what the location was used for. For example, you see an old train and think it's something related to the Romanian Railways. Or you see an old gas mask and think it's some industrial building from the communist era. If you know the relative area, you have a chance to find the area because you've advanced to "abandoned industry Constanța" (hypothetically speaking).
If the photo is of the exterior, the situation changes (for the better) because you have a higher chance of finding the location. What do you see in that photo? Do you recognize anything? Let's say it's a photo taken from some buildings in Bucharest, and you see a fairly large lake. There aren't that many large lakes in Bucharest; you've already found some approximate areas where that building could be. Usually, there are enough details in the photos, and you can use them: tall buildings with the corporate logo on them, giant advertisements, emblematic buildings, maybe even traffic signs with the names of streets.
If you see this information, you further reduce the possible locations. You definitely find the area using Google Earth 3D view and street view to find the exact place (you practically walk around until you find from which direction the photo was taken, and then you look to see if it looks abandoned. If not, it's probably a normal building that someone climbed, so you can look for graffiti, but those are not mandatory).
Another option that rarely works (but is quick and free, so I usually test it first) is reverse search by image. I recommend a browser extension: Invid Weverify, which basically searches for an image using multiple sites (it's for fact-checking, but geolocation is part of it, so it's useful).
For those interested in geolocation, I can give you some references to something more detailed/useful. See what techniques are used in OSINT and adapt them for finding urbex locations lol. I recommend the book "OSINT Techniques: Resources for Uncovering Online Information" by Michael Bazzell, 2023 edition (btw, Libgen is brilliant, Z Library as a backup. Update: Anna's Archives is getting bigger than anything now).
I know my guide might seem disappointing; I'm sure I probably missed some "strategies," but believe me, I've been using them for years and have found plenty of locations. There's no magic solution; it's just about time, effort, and skills gained through training. I hope my little "guide" helps you :)))
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Guide to Urban Exploration Safety

Exploration is an interesting hobby, but it can be dangerous, and I think we're all aware of that. It's important to acknowledge the risks when embarking on exploration and not start with the mindset of "it won't happen to me" because anything can happen to anyone. Yes, the chances are slim, but not nonexistent. Most of the things here are logical, some maybe not. Let me start with a list of the "equipment" I consider necessary (in general, obviously depending on the situation), then I'll cover a passage about avoiding legal problems, safety issues during exploration, what to do if you encounter dogs or homeless people, and other general advice.
1. Equipment:
a) Comfortable footwear (you never know how much walking you'll do), with thick soles (to protect against nails, shards, spikes, etc.), and relatively waterproof (depends on the situation, but I've often encountered mud, puddles of water, or other liquids lol).
b) Comfortable clothing (freedom of movement), dark-colored (to avoid drawing attention, especially if you're in a building where you'd be the only colorful spot), and durable (or clothing you don't care much about getting dirty or damaged easily).
c) Mask (I know it's an investment, but a good mask should be essential). Many of the buildings we explore are old, which means there are some risks: asbestos, lead paint, or various chemicals in the air. The first two are banned, but they were legal when some of the buildings we explore were constructed. Then there's the risk of encountering chemicals that have been dumped there or were in the buildings before they were abandoned, but the container is destroyed or simply not maintained the way it used to be (and in many buildings, ventilation is quite dusty). Not to mention other minor but annoying hazards: dust and mold. Bonus: the mask helps endure the horrible smell you constantly encounter in urbex lol.
d) First aid "kit" - it doesn't have to be anything fancy, logically, but it doesn't hurt to have something on you just in case: band-aids, some bandages (the adhesive type is more useful), disinfectant (because most of the things you can cut or prick yourself on are either rusty or dirty). If it's something more serious, go to the hospital quickly (I think that was obvious, but I thought I'd add it - especially if we're talking about dog bites or cuts/piercings caused by rusty objects).
e) Situational "tools": wet wipes/disinfectant (especially if you're a smoker or if you want to eat), flashlight (I prefer flashlights that can be charged at the outlet, but also have regular batteries), power bank (because, well, you need your phone), water and some food (I've had to wait hours for security/police to leave so I could leave the building), rope/paracord (especially if you know you need to descend a considerable distance), gloves (especially if you're climbing somewhere), etc. I'm waiting for suggestions from you; I'm sure I missed something 😊)
e) Self-defense: pepper spray (for homeless people) and some food (for dogs). Also, it doesn't hurt to have some extra cigarettes or food in case you talk to a homeless person.
2. Avoiding Legal Problems
Exploration is illegal in most cases (even if there's no sign saying "forbidden," locked doors or gates, barbed wire fences, surveillance cameras, etc.), so we accept the legal consequences of our choices (and yes, even minors). I divide exploration into 3 stages: entering the location, exploring it, and exiting the location.
For me, entry should be invisible, exploration subtle, and exit quick.
First of all, I need to check if the location is abandoned. I check online first (mainly news about the location, searching for the "exact address" in quotes to find that exact address; if it's a company, I check the business details; reverse search a street photo to see if I find something, etc.), then I check physically (broken fence, broken windows, absence of surveillance cameras, absence of activity traces, absence of alarm at the entrance, etc.). If everything is fine and the location is abandoned, then I start looking for an entry. For me, entry should be subtle (preferably not through a crowded place where people can see you, not through a place with surveillance cameras), quick (to minimize the possibility of someone catching you jumping the fence), and efficient (it's useless to have a subtle and quick entry if you waste a lot of time getting into the building, so you increase the time you're in open space).
Exploration should be subtle: don't make noise, don't use bright lights (minimum necessary, you don't need a powerful flashlight to see where you're going), and don't go in a large group (3 people seems enough to me). Don't hang around windows, and if you're on the roof, try not to attract attention (especially with the light from the flashlight or phone lol).
Exiting should be as subtle as the rest, but if it can't be... well, at least it should be quick because no one will chase you anymore. Try to exit where you can check if someone is passing by (if it's near the street) or if someone is waiting for you (security or police).
I'll add here the importance of anonymity, both during exploration and afterward. I know the chances of legal trouble because of this are slim, but it doesn't cost you much to reduce risks: cover your face or at least wear a hood during exploration, avoid posting online photos/clips where features that could be used for your identification are visible (face, tattoos, etc.), if you get into urbex and are active online, don't involve your real name in the equation.
3. Building Safety Issues
Obviously, it depends on the location being explored, but usually, we're talking about buildings abandoned for some time and their condition is not ideal. First of all, this means you risk falling through the floor, having the ceiling fall on your head, and you can't really avoid that. Obviously, don't jump like a retard if you see that the floor is unstable 😊)) But usually, it matters to keep your attention during exploration (look for holes and cracks in the floor or ceiling, check how solid the object you're holding onto is when trying to climb onto something, etc.), know your limits (especially when it comes to heights, free climbing, or parkour), and don't take unnecessary risks (common sense things: don't touch unknown substances, cables, sharp objects, etc.).
4. Dogs and Homeless People
Yes, homeless people are also humans, I included them here just out of laziness. I don't recommend going to urbex with headphones on because they help you hear the noises from the ground. If you hear barking, assume there are dogs so you can play it safe: avoid those areas, don't stay outside the building for too long, check the area from above when you reach the
upper floors or the roof. Same goes for homeless people: you rarely encounter them during the day, but it helps to avoid them if you hear noises, shouting, etc. If you encounter dogs and homeless people, aggression and running away won't help. It's much better to remain calm and retreat in an organized manner. If you have no choice, engage in conversation with homeless people but not aggressively, don't show off like you have money, behave as if you have a backbone (meaning, have balls, but not in a passive-aggressive way).
5. General Advice
Watch out for tobacco, alcohol, and drug consumption. I included tobacco on the list just to emphasize the idea that you shouldn't throw lit cigarettes randomly because you risk setting fire to the location (especially if there are flammable substances there, old papers, etc.). I don't recommend in any possible way consuming anything that makes you think irrationally, especially since you need a good balance in some situations (good luck jumping high fences if you're dead drunk or high as a kite), but I think that's obvious.
Choose your locations wisely, understand your limits. I understand that some places are extremely interesting, but I don't recommend someone who has never been to urbex to explore a well-guarded or hard-to-reach building. Not to mention that some places are really risky (like subway tunnels), others are not a good idea at night (extremely damaged locations or those where the light from flashlights is very visible), and others are simply inaccessible in general (security, locked doors, surveillance cameras, etc.).
I don't recommend going urbex alone, but neither going in large groups. The larger the group, the greater the chances that someone will make a mistake or somehow attract attention (it's one thing for 1-3 people to jump over a fence and another for 5-10 lol). I actually try to create a community here, but that doesn't mean I can control the quality of the people present on this subreddit in any way. When choosing to explore with strangers you find online, some dangers arise, obviously. I'm not even mentioning those extremely unlikely dangers (to be a policeman, organ theft, etc. lol), I'm referring to more concrete ones: you don't know how cautious the respective person is, how much experience they have, what physical condition they are in, etc. You might be cautious, but you might get hurt because of the person next to you. I'm not even mentioning the possibility of encountering someone who's a jerk and does nasty jokes in abandoned buildings (locking you somewhere, leaving you behind, etc.), committing some illegalities (beating up a homeless person, setting something on fire, destroying things, etc.), and so on.
Also, urbex should not and should not be a competition. For me, all that matters is to feel good when I explore. I've met people who see exploration as a competition (x has been to y place, I have to go too) or people who are in a continuous search for validation online. I'm by no means the most experienced urbexer, but I can say that in the last 4-5 years, I've seen people who started doing urbex and then took on more and more risks (and yes, the places they've reached are cool). I believe there are few of those people (and no, I won't name names) who continue to do urbex: most of them calmed down after legal problems started to arise (I know it may not seem like it when you're young, but that criminal record can have nasty consequences), and the unlucky ones have serious medical problems (I've seen a few cases of life-changing problems in the comments, like nasty fractures, paralysis, etc.). If you look for it a bit, you'll find enough news about people who died doing urbex (and I'm not talking about suicides), so there can be serious consequences for recklessness.
That being said, I'm not here to tell you how to do urbex; the post is for those who want to explore safely and are just starting out.

The whole country is in shock that judge Tomasz Szmydt of the Voivodeship Administrative Court in Warsaw has applied for asylum in Belarus and, to put it mildly, has betrayed our beautiful homeland.
I have the strong impression that the case is developing, because this is not the only judge on this court who has interesting connections. Take the example of mr. Jacek Mrozek, who was appointed by president Duda in May last year after much wrangling.
The matter needs a brief introduction. In her excellent article entitled 'The new Dyzma of Collegium Humanum', Anna Mierzyńska of OKO.press introduced the very strange character of Kamil Całek. He is a former policeman, an incurable mythomaniac who, however, quite truthfully cooperated with the pro-Russian politician Leszek Sykulski and was active in the Polish-Russian Brotherhood. The latter organisation acted as a propaganda tube for the Kremlin and actively recruited Russia supporters on social networks.
In Mierzyńska's multi-layered investigation, there is not enough room for some of the supporting characters, such as Jacek Mrozek, Kamil Całek's close associate. What are the links? Let's look at the PiS-controlled National Council of the Judiciary's) resolution of 25 March 2021. This is how Jacek Mrozek's candidacy for the Court was presented:

By decision of the Director General of the Central European Centre for Strategic Analysis at the Marshal Józef Piłsudski Association of Reserve Officers of the Republic of Poland in Poznań dated 29 March 2019, he was appointed as an expert in SCAS security management. Mr. Jacek Janusz Mrozek improves his qualifications by attending training courses and conferences, as well as post-graduate studies in: corporate finance and accounting [...] management of a local government unit, control, supervision and audit in public administration, MBA, international relations and diplomacy.

It all sounds very good until you dig a little deeper. The director of the centre is none other than Kamil Całek, whom Mierzyńska calls the 'new Dyzma'. The analysis centre itself is a complete sham. It is just a website on the Internet and has no legal status. It was used by Całek to give credibility to various defence conferences. The same goes for Jacek Mrozek's education - for example, his MBA from the diploma mill Apsley School, which is affiliated with the Collegium Humanum. It is a worthless piece of paper.
In a statement before his appointment as a judge, Jacek Mrozek said that he was not a member of any political party or association. I hope that at least this statement was not a lie, because he certainly belonged, together with Kamil Całek and a whole group of other people, to a strange association called the Polish-Ukrainian Union. At one time he was also a member of PiS. He ran unsuccessfully for the Senate in 2007.
He has one thing in common with Kamil Całek. Mrozek embellishes his biography to the extreme. He is also a great fan of decoration. I checked it out. Całek boasts of eighteen medals on his website, but Jacek Mrozek beats him - he lists 40!
Like Kamil Całek, he has been awarded the Covid-19 Cross of Merit, the Medal of Merit for Territorial Defence), the Medal of Merit for Polish Diplomacy and the Medal of the XXV Anniversary of the Union of Polish Monarchist Groups (LOL). However, Mrozek also has some very unique decorations, such as the commemorative badge of the 7th District Technical Workshop - awarded by the last living commander (2022), or the jubilee badge on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Honorary Blood Donors' of the PCK "Heart of a Miner" Club. Even more surprising in this collection are such ordinary and fresh state decorations as the Silver and Gold Cross of Merit), the Commission of National Education Medal or the Pro Patria Medal).
The list of Jacek Mrozek's academic achievements is as long as the list of honours. It is worth noting, however, that he was a member of the Polish Geostrategic Society, the Scientific Society of Eastern Studies and chairman of the Polish Geopolitical Society's Ełk branch. All of these organisations are associated with Leszek Sykulski, the founder of what is now an openly pro-Russian party Safe Poland. He is also the author of publications in the Geopolitical Review.
In 2019, he was a member of the organising committee of an international scientific conference named 'Innovative Thinking and Scientific Exploration of Student Youth', which took place in Polessk, Russia. I should also mention that he was educated at the Naval Academy in Gdynia. Like Kamil Całek, he studied diplomacy. A pro-Russian activist, Gracjan Cimek is a researcher at the Academy. The university also made its premises available for conferences on geopolitics by Sykulski.
Mrozek also continued his education at the Gdańsk University of Science and Technology, where another pro-Russian academic, Professor Adam Karpiński, teaches. The most important and scientifically fruitful, however, was his collaboration with the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, where he obtained his PhD. I am more and more fascinated by this university, where there is a place for a Putin lover, Adam Wielomski, and Jan Żaryn, who willingly cooperates with the pro-Russian group Polish Thought.
I have no idea what the relationship was between Tomasz Szmydt and Jacek Mrozek, apart from the fact that they were appointed by the same president and sat on the same court. However, the amount of disturbing detail in Jacek Mrozek's biography should probably raise a red flag for all the agencies in Poland. I, for one, would hurry before he also gets the idea of going on holiday to Belarus. By a strange coincidence, Mr Jacek Mrozek's official website went down today.

This is the list that I wrote for the 113 inmates executed by the state of Virginia, from the 1976 Gregg national reinstatement of the death penalty to the state abolishing it in 2021. For the sake of clarification, the dates given here are an approximate timeframe of the offender's earliest known criminal activities to their executions. Many of the crimes surveyed here are also extremely horrific, and the gory details are discussed in my descriptions. Please read at your own risk.
Unfortunately, as with Missouri, the list exceeds the maximum 40,000 character count Reddit allows for submissions, and thus I had to split it into two separate posts. Here is the link to part 2 of this list.
The 113 executed offenders:
1. Frank Coppola (~1960s-1982, electric chair): Coppola, his wife, and two other accomplices hatched a plan to rob Payton Wetchell, a 55 year old car dealer, at his home. One of the accomplices posed as a delivery girl, and lured Payton's wife, 51 year old Muriel, out by ringing the doorbell. The group then forced themselves inside at gunpoint and tried extorting from her valuables though beatings. Mariel’s head was slammed against the door numerous times, and she ended up dying from suffocating on her vomit and a brain hemorrhage. When Peyton arrived at the scene, he was beaten as well. Although he survived, the treatment for the fractures required Peyton to have a steel plate grafted on his forehead, and he took his own life about a decade after the incident. The Coppolas and their accomplices made off with $3,000 and 3 rings. Coppola was a career burglar, and lost his job as a policeman for failing to report inmate abuse. His execution caused some controversy, as a witnesses described Coppola's legs catching fire during the electrocution.
2. Linwood Briley (~1971-1984, electric chair): In 1971, at the age of 16, Briley killed his neighbor, 57 year old Orline Christian, in a sniper attack from his bedroom window while she was laying clothesline. He escaped prosecution by convincing authorities that it was an accident. 8 years later, Briley went on a rape and robbery spree with two of his brothers (including James) and another accomplice. They murdered anywhere between ~12-21 males and females in their attacks. Their means of killings were very diverse and circumstantial, and completely indiscriminate on who they killed. The eldest known victim was 76 year old Mary Gowen, whom they raped and shot to death, while their youngest was 5 year old Harvey Barton, who was shot dead after the gang gang-raped and murdered his pregnant mother, 23 year old Judy. Some like, 17 year old Christopher Philips had his head crushed with a concrete block, a few others like 62 year old Mary Wilfong were beaten to death with baseball bats, and 59 year old Charles Garner was fatally stabbed with scissors and a fork. Almost all the victims were murdered in their homes, but some were attacked at their jobs. While on death row, Briley and James escaped with 4 other inmates, but were recaptured after a 3 week long manhunt.
3. James Briley (~1970s-1985, electric chair): He was one of Linwood Briley's brothers, and he assisted in him in the robbery, rapes, and murders of at least 12 to 21 people. As previously mentioned, Briley and Linwood broke out of prison on death row with several other inmates, and were all recaptured within weeks after their escape.
4. Morris Mason (~1960s-1985, electric chair): Mason broke into the homes of two elderly women, 86 year old Ursula Stevenson and 71 year old Margaret Hand. In both attacks, the victims were raped, beaten with an ax handle, bound and nailed to chairs, and burned alive when he set their houses on fire. He also attacked a pair of sisters, who were 12 and 13 years old, in their home. The 13 year old grabbed a gun from their father’s closet for protection, but Mason wrestled the gun away, and shot her instead. She survived with crippling injuries. Mason then kidnapped the 12 year old, took her to a nearby forest, and sodomized her. He covered the girl with leaves, lit them on fire, but she survived with only minor burns to her hair and shirt. Mason was also responsible for several burglaries during his crime spree, and was convicted several previous times for arson attacks. Authorities believe that Mason was committing acts of arson since his childhood. His execution sparked some controversy, due to him allegedly having a cognitive disability.
5. Michael Smith (~1970s-1986, electric chair): Smith kidnapped 35 year old Audrey Weiler while she was walking from a beach. He dragged her into a forest and raped her. During the sexual assault, Smith stabbed Weiler and drowned her in a nearby river. At the time of the attack, Smith was a sex offender with a rape conviction, and had reoffended against Weiler only months after his release from prison.
6. Richard Whitley (1980-1987, electric chair): Whitley went to the home of his occasional employer, 63 year old Phoebe Parsons, to vent about his broken marriage. As they were conversing, he stabbed Parsons to death. During the attack, he sodomized Parsons with an umbrella, and engaged in sex acts with her body. He then sacked the home of any valuables, stole her car, and fled to Florida.
7. Earl Clanton Jr. (~1971-1988, electric chair): At the age of 17, Clanton killed an unidentified woman in circumstances largely undisclosed beyond it being a robbery. Although Clanton was given a 26-28 year sentence, he was paroled 8 years later. A year after his release, he strangled a neighbor, 38 year old Wilhemina Smith, during a robbery of her home. He also had a malicious wounding conviction when he badly injured a teenage boy with brass knuckles, and his mother had made complaints of him stealing money from her. However, Clanton claimed that she faked her complaints in retaliation for him refusing a sexual relationship with her. Clanton also took part in the mass prison escape orchestrated by the Briley brothers, but was recaptured with them.
8. Alton Waye (1977-1989, electric chair): Waye invaded the home of 61 year old Lavergne Marshall, and stabbed her 42 times. He then raped Marshall and poured bleach on her body.
9. Richard Boggs (1984-1990, electric chair): After Boggs killed an unidentified man in a hit and run accident, he rushed to the home of his neighbor, 87 year old Treeby Shaw. When she offered him tea, Boggs hit her in the head with a steel object, and stabbed her to death with a butcher knife. He stole some silver from the home, which was discovered by investigating police officers in his car. On an unrelated side note, Boggs' older brother was shot dead by police during a car chase some years after his execution.
10. Wilbert Evans (~1964-1990, electric chair): While incarcerated for a robbery in North Carolina, Evans was transferred to Virginia to testify at a murder trial. While being transported in a prison van, he decided to take the opportunity to escape, and seized a gun from one of his escorts, 47 year old William Truesdale. Truesdale was shot dead during the struggle and Evans used the gun to destroy his handcuffs. Although he managed to jump out of the van, Evans was cornered by police officers only a few blocks away, and was recaptured followed a bungled suicide attempt. Evans had an extensive criminal history, and was convicted of robbing a gas station at the age of 18. During his time on death row, he protected staff members held hostage from being raped and abused by the Briley brothers during their attempted escape. His execution caused some controversy, as blood was observed coming out of his blood, nose, and eyes during the fatal shocks.
11. Buddy Justus (1978-1990, electric chair): Justus abducted and raped 3 women, 32 year old Rosemary Jackson, 21 year old Stephanie Hawkins, and 21 year old Ida Moses, and shot them to death. He was charged with a 4th murder, as Moses was pregnant and her unborn child also died in the attack. In two of his known murders, Justus was assisted by an 18 year old man that he befriend after he picked him up hitchhiking. He also received several life and death sentences in the states of Georgia and Florida.
12. Albert Clozza (1983-1991, electric chair): Clozza snatched 13 year old Patricia Bolton while she was walking home from a bookmobile. He dragged the girl into a forest and sodomized her with a twig. She was also severely beaten in the attack, and the corner's report mentioned that Bolton was "asphyxiated by her own blood."
13. Derrick Peterson (1982-1991, electric chair): During a holdup of a grocery store, Peterson shot and killed the manger, 45 year old Howard Kauffman. He then ran off with thousands of dollars worth in checks and cash.
14. Roger Coleman (~1977-1992, electric chair): Coleman tricked his sister-in-law, 19 year old Wanda McCoy, into letting him inside her house. He then raped and stabbed her, and she was nearly decapitated in the attack. A long standing sex offender, Coleman was convicted of raping a woman in her home a few years prior to McCoy's murder, and had exposed himself to two other women just before the killing. Unfortunately for him, one of the women happened to be an artist, and she drew a sketch that enabled the police to identify him for the murder. Despite his past offenses, Coleman had a strong following for his innocence among the anti death penalty crowd. A notion that was debunked following a 2006 DNA test that concluded his guilt.
15. Edward Fitzgerald Sr. (1980-1992, electric chair): Out of fear of her being a police informant, Fitzgerald abducted his drug dealer, 22 year old Patricia Cubbage. He raped and stabbed her 184 times, and reportedly carved a "tick-tack-toe design" into Cubbage's back.
16. Willie Jones (1983-1992, electric chair): Jones tricked the parents of an acquaintance, 78 year old Myra and 80 year old Graham, into letting him inside their house by pretending to be an undercover cop searching for missing children. He shot and killed Graham, tied up and gagged Myra, locked her in a closet, and stole their entire life savings (which amounted to $30,000). To destroy any evidence of his crime, Jones set the house on fire. Myra, who was still tied up and trapped in her closet, was burned alive. Jones was also one of the inmates that escaped from death row with the Briley brothers, but was recaptured weeks after the breakout
17. Timothy Bunch (1982-1992, electric chair): Bunch, a then active service Marine, was dating Su Cha Thomas, a 40 year old South Korean immigrant. Believing that Thomas was too much like his “slut” ex wife, Bunch decided that he wanted to rob and kill her. He tricked Thomas into letting him inside her home with the promise of a date. She was shot in the head and Bunch hung the body to a closet doorknob with a scarf. Bunch then ransacked the home, and stole a watch, diamond ring, and a pearl necklace. According to investigators, he confided in them that he had an orgasm while robbing and murdering Thomas. After the killing, Bunch was deployed to Japan, but extradited back to Virginia to face trial for Thomas’ murder.
18. Charles Stamper (1978-1993, electric chair): While robbing a restaurant that he worked at, Stamper shot and killed three of his co workers, 43 year old Agnes Hicks, 35 year old Franklin Cooley, and 20 year old Steven. He stole a total of $4,000 in the robbery. On death row, Stamper was attacked by fellow death row inmate Lem Tuggle for allegedly being a snitch. The assault left him permanently paralyzed, which made his execution somewhat controversial.
19. Syvasky Poyner (~1970s-1993, electric chair): Poyner shot and killed 5 females, 72 year old Louise Paulett, 45 year old Joyce Baldwin, 44 year old Carolyn Hedrick, 43 year old Chestine Brooks, and 17 year old Vicki Ripple during a two week long robbery spree. He directed his attacks towards beauty parlors, supermarkets, ice cream shops, and motels. A life long career criminal, Poyner had several auto theft, forgery, and burglary convictions, and his earliest date back to when he was 14 years old.
20. Andrew Chabrol (1991-1993, electric chair): Chabrol, a Navy serviceman, made unwanted advances on a fellow married sailor, 27 year old Melissa Harrington, and refused to back down despite repeated rejections. Harrington filed sexual harassment charges, and Chabrol was dismissed from service following an investigation. Angered by the loss of his career and her rebuffing his advances, Chabrol kidnapped Harrington from her home with the help of a friend, and tied her to his bed. He then raped and strangled her to death. The case attracted outcry years later when it was discovered that Chabrol and Harrington’s remains were buried in close proximity to each other in the Arlington cemetery.
21. Joe Wise (1983-1993, electric chair): Wise abducted 45 year old William Ricketson during a robbery. He beat and shot his captive in the eye and chest, dumped him in a water hole used for an abandoned power plant's lavatory, and drove off with his truck. Although Ricketson survived the shooting, he drowned in the hole.
22. David Pruett (~1975-1993, electric chair): In 1975, Pruett fatally stabbed his co worker, 22 year old Debra McInnis, while robbing a restaurant they worked at together. As the investigators weren't able to solve the McInnis murder, Pruett remained a free man. 11 years later, he tied up his friend's wife, 35 year old Wilma Harvey, in the couple's home while her husband was out of town. He raped Harvey, stabbed her 29 times and slit her throat, ransacked the house for any valuables, and stole an undisclosed amount of money. Pruett was also tried and sentenced for an unrelated rape incident alongside Harvey and McInnis' murders.
23. Johnny Watkins Jr. (1983-1994, electric chair): Watkins gunned down two store clerks, 41 year old Carl Buchanan and 22 year old Betty Barker, during a week long robbery spree. In the robberies that killed Buchanan and Barker, Watkins stole a combined total of $125. His brother Ronald was also executed for an unrelated robbery murder [for more details, please see section 49 on Ronald Watkins].
24. Timothy Spencer (~1980s-1994, electric chair): Spencer broke into the residences of at least 5 women and girls, 44 year old Susan Tucker, 35 year old Debbie Davis, 32 year old Susan Hellams, 32 year old Carolyn Hamm, and Diane Cho, a 15 year old South Korean immigrant, and raped them. All the verified victims were strangled to death with ligatures and ratchets. Another man was falsey convicted of Hamm's murder, but was cleared of guilt in a 1989 DNA test. The falsely accused man was one of the first inmates to be exonerated using DNA testing, while paradoxically Spencer was the first serial killer to be convicted with DNA evidence. Spencer also had a history of burglaries before his killing sprees.
25. Dana Edmonds (1983-1995, lethal injection): During a robbery of a grocery store, Edmonds tied up a grocer, 62 year old John Elliott. He bashed Elliot's head with a brick, stabbed his neck, and took $40 from the register.
26. Willie Turner (~1970s-1995, lethal injection): In 1978, Turner shot and killed W. J. Smith, a 54 year old jeweler, during a jewelry store robbery. A few years prior to Smith's murder, Turner had killed an unidentified inmate in largely undisclosed circumstances while serving time for a malicious wounding conviction, but was let out on parole. While on death row, Turner took part in the Briley brothers led breakout, and made several escape attempts on his own. In one incident, Turner pretended to have smuggled a gun in his cell, and used the hoax to make threats against the prison staff.
27. Dennis Stockton (~1950s-1995, lethal injection): 18 year old Kenneth Arnder allegedly crossed a dealer during a drug deal. The dealer retaliated by paying Stockton $2,000 to kill him. Stockton lured Arnder in his car with the promise of driving him to safety, and shot the youth in the eyes. He cut the hands off his body to prevent identification and dumped it in a remote North Carolinan forest. Stockton had a long criminal history since he was a teenager, which included several convictions of arson, safecracking, drug dealing, and weapons possession charges. Police also found dismembered body parts kept in a jar in his home, but Stockton claimed that it was simply a gift given to him by a biker gang, and he only kept the remains to show off at parties.
28. Mickey Davidson (1990-1995, lethal injection): Davidson’s wife, 36 year old wife Doris, made a decision to leave him for her ex husband. In a jealous rage, he beat her and her two daughters, 14 year old Mamie and 13 year old Tammy Clutterback, to death with a crowbar.
29. Herman Barnes (1984-1995, lethal injection): Barnes held up a grocery store at gunpoint, and shot and killed the owner, 72 year old Clyde Jenkins. Mohammad Afifi, a 42 year old Palestinian immigrant that worked as the store’s clerk, was also gunned down when he came to his boss’s aid.
30. Walter Correll Jr. (1985-1996, lethal injection): Correll and two accomplices ambushed, carjacked, and kidnapped 24 year old Charles Bousman Jr. after they motioned him to stop on a remote highway. After they stole his rings and watch, they beat and stabbed Bousman to death, dumped his body in a nearby forest, and drove off with his car. His execution was a source of contention, as Correll's supporters and attorneys assert that he was an intellectually disabled man set up by his accomplices for lesser sentences.
31. Richard Townes Jr. (~1970s-1996, lethal injection): Townes shot a clerk, 32 year old Virginia Goebel, in the head while robbing a grocery store, and stole $183 from the register. He had a long history of violent robberies, and had shot and wounded a taxi driver after holding him hostage for 6 hours several years before Goebel's murder.
32. Joseph Savino III (~1980s-1996, lethal injection): After he was released on parole from an armed robbery conviction, Savino beat his boyfriend, 64 year old Thomas McWaters, to death with a hammer in their home. According to Savino, McWaters was pressuring him for sex, and threatened to have his parole revoked if it was withheld.
33. Ronald Bennett (1985-1996, lethal injection): Bennett broke into the home of Anne Vaden, a 28 year real estate agent. After he tied Vaden up, Bennett beat, strangled, and stabbed her to death. One of Vaden's rings was stolen in the robbery, and he gave it to his wife. The murder was left cold for a year, but was solved when Bennett's wife drunkenly confessed her husband's deeds to a friend while showing off the ring.
34. Gregory Beaver (~1980s-1996, lethal injection): After Beaver escaped from a Maryland rehab center, he went on a rampage that involved stealing a car and storming a restaurant his stepfather owned to rob and assault him. While speeding away from the scene with a hitchhiker he picked up, Beaver was pulled over by Leo Whitt, a 49 year old state trooper. In the scuffle that broke out, Beaver shot and killed Whitt. The hitchhiker then tricked Beaver into stopping at a nearby restaurant, and he used the payphone to call the police on him. Beaver previously had 10 unspecified felony convictions, which was why he was placed by his family in the Maryland rehab center.
35. Larry Stout (1987-1996, lethal injection): Stout assaulted a dry cleaning store with a knife, slashed the throat of the owner, 40 year old Jacqueline Kooshian, and stole $1,200.
36. Lem Tuggle Jr. (~1971-1996, lethal injection): In 1971, Tuggle raped and fatally strangled 16 year old Shirley Brickey, and was given a 20 year sentence for it. He was released from prison after serving 10 years. Two years after his release, Tuggle lured 52 year old Jessie Havens from a dance hall, and then raped and shot her to death. On death row, he participated in the mass escape orchestrated by the Briley brothers, and paralyzed the above mentioned Charles Stamper for allegedly being an informant.
37. Ronald Hoke (1985-1996, lethal injection): Hoke forced his way inside the home of 56 year old Virginia Stell, a woman he met at a bar. He raped and stabbed her to death with a knife taken from the kitchen, and stole some medication from Stell's purse.
38. Michael George (1979-1997, lethal injection): In 1979, George lured 9 year old Larry Perry from his grandparents' home, and shot the boy dead after raping him. As the body was never found and the prosecution couldn't disprove his claims of it being an accidental killing, George was able to secure an involuntary manslaughter plea deal from the courts, and was released within two years for good behavior. After his release, he molested several teenage boys, and expressed fantasies about them being sexually tortured by "evil creatures" in the forest in his written works of fiction. In 1990, George made his fantasies a reality when he ambushed and abducted 15 year old Alexander Sztanko while the boy was ridding a motorbike. He shackled Sztanko to a tree, sodomized him with a stun gun, sliced pieces of his skin with a machete, shot him in the head, and stole his motorbike. Other teenage boys in the area also reported being assaulted in the same manner as Sztanko by a “Rambo like” camouflaged assailant. Although it is strongly believed that George was responsible for the attacks, he wasn't convicted of them.
39. Coleman Gray (1985-1997, lethal injection): Gray kidnapped 49 year old Richard McClelland while robbing a store he managed. He forced McClelland to collect over $12,000 in cash, drove his captive to a remote dirt road, and shot him six times in the head.
40. Roy Smith (1988-1997, lethal injection): Smith got into a violent argument with his wife in their home, and the neighbors called the police on him. He fired on the responding officers, and killed John Conner, a 38 year old sergeant. The remaining officers managed to subdue him after a brief standoff and physical struggle.
41. Joseph O'Dell III (~1958-1997, lethal injection): O'Dell was condemned for the abduction, rape, and strangulation murder of 44 year old Helen Schartner. She was last seen leaving from a night club, and her body was found near a beach. His execution was controversial, as O'Dell had a massive support base who believed in his innocence. The circuit court's decision to burn the DNA evidence relating to the Schartner case in 2000 sparked further outcry from them. Despite this, O'Dell was a long time felon with over 17 convictions dating back to the 1950s, and a woman claimed to have escaped a kidnapping attempt from him.
42. Carlton Pope (~1982-1997, lethal injection): Pope shot and killed 24 year old Cynthia Gray and wounded her sister while robbing them at a pool. He had a malicious wounding conviction when he shot a friend in the toe, and was paroled months before Gray's murder for that sentence.
43. Mario Murphy (1992-1997, lethal injection): 37 year old James Radcliff's wife hired Murphy to kill him in order to collect a life insurance policy. She, her boyfriend, Murphy, and 3 other conspirators pounced on Radcliff while he was sleeping in his bed, and they stabbed and beat him to death with a metal pipe. Due to all the other conspirators accepting plea deals, Murphy was the only one sentenced to death for the murder, which he perceived was because of Mexican nationality. His death sentence and execution also caused a minor diplomatic dispute with Mexico.
44. Dawud Mu'Min (1973-1997, lethal injection): At the age of 19 in 1973, Mu'Min shot and killed Charles Shupe, a 43 year old taxi driver, while robbing his taxi. He was given a 48 year sentence for the murder. 15 years later, Mu'Min was assigned to a inmate labor program. While working on a road, he pretended to be on a lunch break, and took the opportunity to sneak away from his escorts and supervisors. Mu'Min broke into a shopping center, raped Gladys Nopwasky, a 42 year old retailer, and stabbed her 16 times with a screwdriver. After he stole $4 from her purse, Mu'Min returned back to the work program.
45. Michael Satcher (1990-1997, lethal injection): Satcher ambushed 23 year old Anne Borghesani while she was biking near a highway. He raped, beat, and stabbed her 16 times with an axl. Another young woman was also assaulted by Satcher in a similar fashion, but she survived the attack. Both of their purses were stolen and disposed of in the same bush.
46. Thomas Beavers Jr. (1990-1997, lethal injection): Beavers broke into the home of 61 year old Marguerite Lowery, and raped and suffocated her to death with a pillow. He sacked the house, stole her jewelry, and drove off with Lowery's car. The killing went unsolved until a year later when Beavers was arrested for sexually assaulting a neighbor in circumstances nearly identical to Lowery's murder. A police search while investigating the neighbor incident found Lowery's stolen jewelry in his house.
47. Tony Mackall (1986-1998, lethal injection): While holding up a gas station at gunpoint, Mackall shot the cashier, 31 year old Mary Dahn, and took $515 from the register.
48. Douglas Buchanan Jr. (1987-1998, lethal injection): Enraged that his father, 43 year old Douglas, married a much younger woman, 31 year old Geraldine, shortly after his mother's passing, Buchanan shot him to death in their home. He also gunned down and stabbed Geraldine and her two sons, 13 year old Joel and 10 year old Donnie.
49. Ronald Watkins (1988-1998, lethal injection): While robbing a store that he formerly work at, Watkins stabbed the store owner, 29 year old William McCauley, 7 time in his back and slit his throat. McCauley's body was discovered by his father, who stopped by to check on his son after he failed to return home on time. As a sidenote, Watkins was the younger brother of the above mentioned Johnny Watkins Jr..
50. Ángel Breard (1992-1998, lethal injection): Breard stabbed his neighbor, 29 year old Ruth Dickie, to death during a botched rape in her home. He also made another unsuccessful attempt at sexually assaulting a second neighbor half a year later, which enabled investigators to tie him to Dickie's murder. His death sentence and execution sparked outrage in his native Paraguay.
51. Dennis Eaton (1989-1998, lethal injection): Eaton and his girlfriend, 24 year old Judy McDonald, carjacked 68 year old Ripley Marston Sr. and 26 year old Walter Custer Jr., and shot them both dead. While speeding away from the murder scene, the couple were pulled over by a state trooper, 48 year old Jerry Hines, and gunned him down as well. In the following police chase, Eaton ended up crashing his car into a telephone pole, and injured McDonald in the process. As they were corned, Eaton finished off McDonald by shooting her in the head, and made an attempt to commit suicide before he was subdued.
52. Danny King (~1980s(?)-1998, lethal injection): King and his then wife duped Carolyn Rogers, a 55 year old real estate agent, into letting them inside a vacant house by posing as clients. They jumped Rogers as she was giving them a tour of the house. She was choked with King's bare hands and stabbed to death in the assault. The couple then stole rings and checks from her purse. Both King and his ex wife blamed each other for the murder, but King was the one that was convicted of it by the courts. King also had a long history of robbery and car thefts, and was released from prison 10 days before the murder.
53. Lance Chandler Jr. (~1987-1998, lethal injection): Chandler shot and killed a clerk, 33 year old William Dix, during a convenience store robbery. He had a criminal record dating back to the age of 14, and had previous arrests for armed robbery, assaulting officers, and public intoxication.
54. Johnile DuBois (~1990s-1998, lethal injection): During a convenience store robbery, DuBois and 3 teenage accomplices tried forcing the clerk, 39 year old Philip Council, to open the register for them. When they thought he was acting too slow, the DuBois and the other robbers beat Council and shot him to death. DuBois had a history of thefts, illicit firearms possessions, assault, and probation violations.
55. Kenneth Stewart Jr. (1991-1998, lethal injection): Stewart separated from his wife, 35 year old Cynthia, after their marriage disintegrated. He was forbidden by the courts from being in contact with their son, 5 month old Jonathan, without Cynthia's consent. To overcome the custody barriers, Stewart tried to reconcile with Cynthia. When she refused, he shot her and Jonathan dead in her home.
56. Dwayne Wright (1989-1998, lethal injection): Wright went on a weeklong crime spree in Maryland and Virginia. In his Maryland attacks, he shot and killed 31 year old Odell Thomas and 24 year old Reginald Turman, and stole Turman's car and a total of $400. He then drove to Virginia, and held Saba Tekle, a 34 year old Ethiopian refugee, at gunpoint in her apartment. Wright forced Tekle to undress, shot her dead when she resisted his attempts at sexual assault, and swapped Truman’s car for hers.
57. Ronald Fitzgerald (1993-1998, lethal injection): Fitzgerald shot and killed 39 year old Coy White in his home in order to get his hands on the man’s 13 year old daughter. He abducted and raped the girl after forcing her to steal money from her father’s pockets, and left her locked in the trunk of his car. After abandoning White’s daughter, Fitzgerald flagged down a taxi driver, Hugh Morrison (age unknown), and shot him dead. Fitzgerald used Morrison’s stolen taxi to kidnap an 18 year old woman and her two children, and drove them to a motel. He raped the 18 year old in the motel room while her two children were watching tv. The family were spared and released, and Fitzgerald forced a couple to drive him to a courthouse with the intentions of committing suicide there. However, the attempt failed with his gun jamming, and he was captured by the police.
58. Kenneth Wilson (1993-1998, lethal injection): Wilson forcibly entered the home of his cousin's girlfriend, 31 year old Jacqueline Stephen, with a knife. He bound Stephen to a bed, and tied her 12 year old daughter and her daughter's 14 year old friend to the bed's posts. Wilson then made an attempt to rape Stephen, and cut her and the girls' throats. Stephen died at the scene, while both of the girls survived their injuries.

New Releases - Thursday 02 May

MM Romance

Kindle Unlimited

• Autopilot by Candice Evans - 60 pages - Amazon - (sci-fi erotica, unexplored planet, colleagues, rivals, friends, threatened by aliens)
• Dawson (Jasper Springs #2) by Eve Riley - 292 pages - Amazon - (contemporary, small town, firefighter x claims adjuster, fresh start, dislike to lovers)
• Fen by Barbara Elsborg - 400 pages - Amazon - (contemporary, serious illness, confrontational meeting, hurt/comfort, in it for the money, sugar daddy (?))
• HEA: Happily Ever After (After Oscar #5) by Lucy Lennox & Molly Maddox - 286 pages - Amazon - (contemporary, unlucky in love, fake dating, wedding photographer x investment company owner, pet hedgehog, final book in series (standalone but likely best read in context))
• Hot Streak by Beth Bolden - 381 pages - Amazon - (contemporary, sports (baseball), hot temper, rivals/angry, called away for work)
• House Of Cards: Porth Ewan Bay (Rebel Kings MC) by Garrett Leigh - 213 pages - Amazon - (contemporary, friends to lovers, forced proximity, hurt/comfort, 2 x broody tattoo artists, reworked & re-edited)
• Out for Blood (Cartel Wars #1) by Ashlynn Mills - 234 pages - Amazon - (contemporary, mafia/crime, rivals to lovers, bad intentions, secrets)
• Pump Fake (Red Zone #2) by Brooklyn Cate - 275 pages - Amazon - (contemporary, sports, coming out, teammates, forbidden relationship)
• Rules of Play (Chance's Harbor) by CJ Pines - 625 pages - Amazon - (contemporary, new adult, sports (soccefootball), rivals to lovers, jock/nerd, forced proximity, only one bed, sexuality exploration)
• Spellbound by You (Mage Match #2) by Fel Fern & Kara Kitt - 203 pages - Amazon - (paranormal, outcast mage x protective fox, cast out by family, homeless MC, reluctant MC)
• The Collector (Book of Sin #1) by Matthew Dante - 330 pages - Amazon - (contemporary, dark, exotic dancer x former policeman, undercover (?), protective MC)
• The Witching Woods (Relict Saga #4) by J.A. Skald - 107 pages - Amazon - (fantasy, thriller, dark, mystery, pining, forced to reveal secrets, witch in the woods, inspired by Scandinavian folk tales)

Kobo Plus

• Doc and His Shadow (Nerd Squad #2 ) by Dani Gray - 150 pages - Amazon / Kobo - (contemporary, crime, protectocharge, pink haired twink doctor hacker x Russian enforcer, size difference)
• Great Depths by Mina Hinves - 152 pages - Kobo - (sci-fi, YA, found family, post-apocalyptic, drowned Earth, survival, hurt/comfort, friends to lovers, maybe more adventure than romance)

Other Queer Romance

Kindle Unlimited

• Finding Molly Parsons (The Lost & Found Series #1) by Alyson Root - 315 pages - Amazon - (FF, contemporary, coming out/promoting sexuality, quest to find long-lost queer relative, roadtrip, found family)
• Loving Jemima by Sienna Waters - 255 pages - Amazon - (FF, contemporary, closeted MC (?), business partners, second chances (?), secrets)
• Mask of the Heart by Lauren Hart - 190 pages - Amazon - (FF, contemporary, age gap, masquerade ball, hidden identity, boss/employee)

Kobo Plus

• A Troublemaker in Her Eyes (The Troublemaker Series #3) by Genta Sebastian - 402 pages - Amazon / Kobo - (FF, historical (1969), fantasy/alt universe (?), untrusting MC, hijinks (?))
• Embers by Tiffany. E Taylor - 151 pages - Amazon - (FF, contemporary, Cinderella retelling, butch x femme, colleagues/business partners, matchmaker gay fairy godfather, no Kobo link but author's other books are available on Kplus)

Audiobooks

MM Romance

• HEA: Happily Ever After (After Oscar #5) by Lucy Lennox & Molly Maddox, narrated by Michael Dean - Audible - (contemporary, unlucky in love, fake dating, wedding photographer x investment company owner, pet hedgehog, final book in series (standalone but likely best read in context)) - 9 hrs 26 min

Queer
No new releases.

Here is the list that I wrote for Georgia's post Furman execution roster for my death penalty project. Like with the previous posts, the dates aren't a precise duration of time spent on death row, but rather an approximation of their earliest known criminal activities to their executions. Many of the crimes discussed in this post are also extremely horrific, and thus please read at your own risk.
As I finished finials yesterday, the remaining states, Missouri, Virginia, Florida, and Oklahoma might be released on a quicker pace. I'm planning on doing Missouri next, but it might be split into at least two separate parts due to the currently 98 executions that have taken place.
The currently executed 77 inmates:
1. John Smith (1974-1983, electric chair): Smith and his wife decided to kill her ex husband, 38 year old Ronald Atkins, and his 29 year old wife Juanita, when they learned that the daughter she had in their former marriage were beneficiaries of the Atkins' life insurance policy. The couple and another accomplice lured the Atkins' to their home with a promise of selling them a television set, and shot them both dead.
2. Ivon Stanley (1976-1984, electric chair): Stanley and an accomplice abducted Clifford Floyd, a 46 year old insurance agent, after they lured him into the accomplice's apartment. Floyd was dragged into a forest, beaten with a hammer, and tied to a tree. He was then shot and buried alive in a shallow grave. Floyd succumbed to a combination of blood loss and suffocation and a total of $234 was stolen from him in the attack.
3. Alpha Stephens (~1961-1984, electric chair): In 1973, Stephens shot dead 57 year old Louise Mercer while robbing a grocery store her brother owned. A year later, Stephens abducted Roy Asbell, a 49 year old minister, from his home with a gun he stole from Asbell's son. Asbell tried bribing his captor with hundreds of dollars in cash for his life, but Stephens simply snatched the money away, dragged Asbell to a barn, and shot him in the head. He had a significant rap sheet that included several armed robberies, prison breakouts, auto thefts, kidnappings, and burglaries, and was first arrested at the age of 16.
4. Roosevelt Green Jr. (1976-1985, electric chair): During a robbery of a convenience store, Green kidnapped the clerk, 18 year old Teresa Allen, stole $466 from the cash register, and drove away with his loot and hostage in her car. He then raped Allen, shot her to death, and dumped her body on a dirt road.
5. Van Solomon (1979-1985, electric chair): Solomon and his accomplice Brandon Jones gunned down 29 year old Roger Tackett while robbing a Tenneco store he managed. Ironically, Solomon himself was shot by an assailant robbing his grocery store some years before the murder.
6. John Young (1974-1985, electric chair): Young attacked 6 elderly men and women with bottles, lamps, fireplace pokers, and vases in their homes, across a single neighborhood. 3 of the victims, 85 year old Coleman Brice, his 83 year old wife Gladys, and 83 year old Katie Davis, were beaten to death in the assaults. Several variables such as jewelry and watches were taken as well.
7. Jerome Bowden (1976-1986, electric chair): Bowden and an accomplice stabbed 55 year old Kathryn Stryker to death and gravely wounded her bedridden mother, 76 year old Wessie Jenkins while burglarizing their home. Several items, such a wig, a pellet gun, some jewelry, and a television set was stolen in the intrusion. The television set was sold by Bowden to one of his acquaintances. Jenkins initially survived the attack, but died from complications relating to their injuries after Bowden was indicted for her daughter's murder.
8. Joseph Mulligan (1974-1987, electric chair): As part of a scheme to collect an insurance policy, Mulligan shot his sister's estranged husband, 30 year old Patrick Doe and Doe's girlfriend, 25 year old Marion Miller, while they were driving to a party. Doe was a captain in the United States Army at the time of his death.

1. Richard Tucker Jr. (~1963-1987, electric chair): In 1963, Tucker stabbed his aunt, 61 year old Annie Armstrong, 14 times with scissors while burglarizing her home. He was released from incarceration in 1978. 6 months after being let out of prison, Tucker abducted 50 year old Edna Sandefur from a hospital parking lot while she was visiting her ill mother, and drove her to a remote warehouse. He robbed and raped Sandefur, and then beat her to death with an iron pipe. Tucker also had previous convictions of burglary and attempted rape.

10. William Tucker (1977-1987, electric chair): Tucker abducted 19 year old Kathleen Parry, a pregnant clerk, while he was robbing a convenience store she was working at. He forced Parry at knifepoint to withdraw money from the cash register, and dragged her into his car. When they drove to a chapel, Tucker stabbed her to death.
11. William Mitchell (1974-1987, electric chair): Mitchell accosted 50 year old Willard Williams while he was walking down a street and mugged him of $4. He then forced Williams to lay down and shot him execution style. In the following day, he held 34 year old Peggy Carr and her 14 year old son Christopher at gunpoint while they were opening their family owned store. Despite Peggy giving him $160, he made rape threats against her and forced the pair into a freezer. Both mother and son were shot several times and left for dead by Mitchell. Christopher died at the scene, while his mother survived her injuries.
12. Timothy McCorquodale (1974-1987, electric chair): McCorquodale and his entourage accused Donna Dixon, a 17 year old runaway, of stealing money from him and giving it to a black pimp that he thought she was having a relationship with. He bombarded Dixon with racist insults and sexual advances as he and his accomplices kidnapped her from a club. After she was taken to McCorquodale’s apartment, Dixon was bound, and repeatedly beaten and raped. They tortured her by cutting her breasts with razor blades, burned her body with cigarette butts and candle wax, and she was violated with a bottle. The abuse ended when McCorquodale broke her arms and legs, and strangled her to death with a clothesline. On death row, McCorquodale escaped with three other inmates, including Troy Gregg of the 1976 Furman vs Gregg infamy. After the group took refuge at a biker bar, McCorquodale beat Gregg to death in a fight with the help of a Outlaws Motorcycle gang member. Days after Gregg's murder, McCorquodale and the other surviving fugitives were recaptured hiding out at an Outlaws Biker's home.
13. James Messer Jr. (1979-1988, electric chair) To get back at his estranged wife for leaving him with their children, Messer kidnapped her niece, 8 year old Rhonda Tanner, while he was picking her up from school. He raped and severely beat Tanner in a forest and stabbed her to death.
14. Henry Willis III (1976-1989, electric chair): Willis and his accomplices abducted a policeman, 29 year old James Giddens, that was dispatched to stop their robbery of a food market. They took the captive officer near a lake, where he tried to escape by jumping into it. Willis and one of his partners shot Giddens dead while he was trying to swim to safety.
15. Warren McCleskey (1978-1991, electric chair): McCleskey robbed a jewelry store at gunpoint, and fired on the responding officers. One of the officers, 30 year old Frank Schlatt was killed in the shooting.
16. Thomas Stevens (1977-1993, electric chair): Stevens and Christopher Burger abducted a fellow soldier, 20 year old Roger Honeycutt, who was also working as a cab driver, when he picked them up from the enlisted men's club on Fort Stewart. Honeycutt was tied up with a cord, robbed of $20, and sodomized repeatedly by both of his captors. The pair then locked Honeycutt in the trunk of the cab, and drove it into a pond as they jumped out. Being unable to escape, Honeycutt drowned as his car sank into the pond's depths.
17. Christopher Burger (1977-1993, electric chair): As mentioned under Thomas Stevens' section, Burger assisted in the robbery, abduction, rape, and murder of Roger Honeycutt.
18. William Hance (1977-1994, electric chair): Hance, a former Marine that transferred himself to the Army, abducted at least 3 women, 32 year old Irene Thirkield, 24 year old Karen Hickman, and 21 year old Gail Jackson. Thrikield and Jackson were black prostitutes and Hickman was a white Marine servicewoman that was stationed in the same base as Hance. They were all raped and beaten to death with jack handles and tire irons. In a misguided attempt to throw off the police and attract media attention, Hance staged a convoluted hoax involving a race war between a gang of white vigilantes and a gang of black counter vigilantes. He tried to pretend that his victims were murdered from retaliatory killings between the two groups. Hance was also suspected in the murder of another woman in Indiana, but was never charged of it.
19. Nicholas Ingram (1983-1995, electric chair): Ingram broke into the home of 55 year old J.C. Sawyer and his wife Mary. He forced them to hand over $60 and their car keys at gunpoint, tied the couple together to a tree, and shot both of them. J.C. was killed, while Mary survived their ordeal. Ingram then stole their car and fled to California. While a fugitive hiding out in California, he committed another carjacking, and ran off to Nebraska, where he was detained for a DUI and deported back to Georgia to face trial. Due to being a British national, Ingram's execution sparked outrage in the United Kingdom.
20. Darrell Devier (1979-1995, electric chair): Devier lured 12 year old Mary Stoner into his car while she was walking home from school. He raped her in a forest, made an attempt to strangle her during their struggle, and crushed Stoner's head with a rock. Months before the murder, Devier was accused of raping a 13 year old girl, but the charges against him were dismissed from the lack of sufficient evidence.
21. Larry Lonchar (1986-1996, electric chair): During a dispute over gambling debts, Lonchar confronted his bookkeeper, 54 year old Wayne Smith, at his condo while pretending to be a FBI agent. In the altercation, he bound Wayne and his 24 year old son Steven with handcuffs, and shot and stabbed them to death. Wayne's girlfriend, 45 year old Margaret Sweat, called 911, and was also shot and stabbed to death while she was on the phone with the dispatcher. Another one of Wayne's sons was attacked in the incident, but he managed to survive his injuries.
22. Ellis Felker (1977-1996, electric chair): Evelyn Ludlam, a 19 year old cocktail waitress for the Holiday Inn, was lured into Flelker's clutches when he promised her work at his leather store. For religious reasons, Ludlam was disaffected with her job, and wanted a new line of work. Felker raped and strangled Ludlam to death and sexually mutilated her body. After he murdered Ludlem, Felker dumped her remains in a creek. He was registered sex offender with a sodomy conviction at the time of Ludlam's death.
23. David Cargill (1985-1998, electric chair): Cargill and his brother stormed a gas station, and forced a couple, 41 year old Danny and 29 year old Cheryl Williams, to lie on the floor. Cheryl was a clerk for the station, and Danny stopped by to help her close down after he put their sons to bed. The brothers shot the couple execution style, and stole a total of $482.79 from the register. They were also involved with several carjackings.
24. Terry Mincey (1982-2001, lethal injection): Mincey and his accomplices robbed a convenience store at gunpoint, and forced the clerk, 38 year old Paulette Riggs to empty the cash register into their bag. They shot her dead, and took 2 teenage siblings hostage that were present in the store. Coincidentally, a firefighter pulled up to the scene to refill his truck, and Mincey shot and wounded him. The siblings took the opportunity to escape and fled into a nearby field.
25. Jose High (1976-2001, lethal injection): High and his accomplices abducted 11 year old Bonnie Bulloch and his stepfather, 27 year old Henry Philips, from a gas station they were operating, after emptying the cash register. The robbers forced the pair into their car, reportedly taunted the captives about their intentions to kill them, and drove to a remote forest. They then shot Bulloch dead and wounded Philips.
26. Fred Gilreath Jr. (1979-2001, lethal injection): Gilreath's wife, 28 year old Linda, moved out of their home to escape their disintegrating marriage. When Linda returned with her father, 57 year old Gerrit Van Leeuwen, to pack up her belongings, Gilreath shot them both dead.
27. Byron Parker (1984-2001, lethal injection): Parker enticed 11 year old Christie Griffith into his car after she missed her taxi that was supposed to take her to her older brother's high school graduation. He bound Griffith to a tree, and raped and strangled her death, while his two year old son was waiting for him in their car.
28. Ronald Spivey (~1961-2002, lethal injection): While playing pool at a bar, Spivey got into a fight with 32 year old Charles McCook over money he perceived to have won, and shot him to death. A day later, he robbed a bank and took hostages. He fatally shot Bill Watson, a 40 year old off duty police officer that tried to stop him, and injured the manager, 21 year old Welton Allen. Allen tried fleeing to a nearby restaurant, and Spivey following him into it in pursuit. He fired on the establishment in an attempt to kill him, but missed and wounded an employee caught in the crossfire. Spivey then kidnapped a waitress and forced her to drive him to Alabama. She was rescued unharmed by local authorities when they pulled over and captured Spivey. A search of the stolen car found that Spivey stole a total of $360 in his robberies. His previous convictions include several counts of forgery, armed robbery, and auto theft.
29. Tracy Housel (1984-2002, lethal injection) Housel was a sexual predator and thief that victimized men and women alike between the ages of 18-45. He worked as a interstate truck driver, and picked up victims that he befriended from stops all across the country. They were driven to isolated locations, where Housel would bind, rob, and sodomize them. His killing methods were diverse and circumstantial, but Housel mostly used strangulations, beatings, and stabbings in the attacks. Housel was convicted in the deaths of Troy Smith (age unknown) and 44 year old Jean Drew, and is suspected in and/or confessed to 15 other murders. He was also responsible for several non fatal assaults and robberies. Like Nicholas Ingram, Housel's death sentence and execution sparked outrage in the United Kingdom due to him being a British national.
30. Wallace Fugate III (1991-2002, lethal injection): Fugate forced himself inside the home of his ex wife, 39 year old Pattie. He pistol whipped Pattie dozens of times and shot her dead in front of their 15 year old son. Unrelated to the case, but that son was beaten to death in the same house by his friends a year after Fugate's conviction.
31. William Putman (1980-2002, lethal injection): Purtman shot and killed 49 year old William Hodges on the side of a highway. Hours later, he snuck up on a married couple, 28 year old Kate Back and 22 year old David Hardin, sleeping at a rest stop in their car with their children (which included a 9 year old daughter, a 7 year old son, and an 11 month old daughter) and 14 year old niece. He shot David dead and tried to abduct Kate. When she resisted and screamed for her husband, Purtman shot her as well and fled the scene.
32. Larry Moon (1984-2003, lethal injection): According to prosecutors, Moon ambushed 34 year old Ricky Callahan while the later was walking to a pharmacy to buy headache medicine for his wife. Callahan was shot in the head during the attack and had $60 taken from his wallet. Moon was also suspected in the shooting deaths of Jimmy Hutcheson (age unknown) and Thomas DeJose (age unknown), several robberies, and the abduction and sexual assault of a female impersonator. The prosecution failed to convict him for the murder of DeJose on the grounds of self defense and the murder of Butcheson on the lack of sufficient evidence. His conviction for Callahan's murder is contested, as Moon and his supporters claim that a late hitman confessed to the killing.
33. Carl Isaacs (~1960s-2003, lethal injection): Isaacs, with the help of two of his brothers and a cellmate, escaped from the Maryland State prison, and fatally shot 19 year old Richard Miller when he tried to stop them from stealing a car. The group drove by a Georgia gas pump in the hopes of refilling their getaway car. However, the pump was empty, and decided to burglarize a nearby trailer belonging to the Alday family (which consisted of brothers, 62 year old Ned and 57 year old Aubrey, Ned's sons, 35 year old Jerry and 32 year old Chester, and Jerry's 26 year old wife Mary) while they were gone. When the family returned home, Isaacs and his accomplices held the entire family at gun point, gang-raped Mary several times, and shot them all dead. Isaacs had a very troubled history, and committed several burglaries and robberies as a teenager.
34. James Brown (~1968-2003, lethal injection): Brown went on a date with Brenda Watson, a 21 year old stripper. After they were drinking and partying together at a bar, Brown tied up Watson with nylon stockings, and raped and asphyxiated her by shoving panties down her throat. He had a long history involving violence towards women. One of his previous convictions involved an incident of him breaking into a woman’s home, and (non fatally) stabbing and sexually assaulting her. Brown also had a warrant at the time of Watson’s murder for aggravated robbery, kidnapping, and sexual assault charges when he lured another woman by posing as an artist in need of a model.
35. Robert Hicks (~1970s-2004, lethal injection): Hicks laid his eyes on 28 year old Joni Rivers while she was talking to her boyfriend using a grocery store payphone. He chased down Rivers when she tried to flee from him and nearly decapitated her in a frenzied stabbing attack. Rivers' shoes, shorts, and ring were taken and found in Hicks' car. Hicks was released from prison months earlier after serving a half of a 15 year sentence for sexually abusing a 16 year old girl.
36. Eddie Crawford (1983-2004, lethal injection): Crawford tried spending the night with one of his estranged wife's sisters after a drinking binge, but she ejected him from her home. Out of anger, he abducted Leslie English, her 2 year old daughter, from the girl's bedroom, and then raped and strangled her to death.
37. Timothy Carr (1992-2005, lethal injection): Carr and his girlfriend attended a party with 17 year old Keith Young. The couple decided that they wanted to rob the boy, and they lured him into a forest with the help of two other teenagers. Carr slit Young's throat, and then proceeded to beat him to death with a baseball bat. He and his accomplices stole a $125 paycheck and Young's car in the robbery.
38. Stephen Mobley (1991-2005, lethal injection): Mobley shot and killed 25 year old John Collins while robbing a Domino's Pizza restaurant he was managing. He had also held up 6 other restaurants and dry-cleaning shops at gunpoint in his month long crime spree.
39. Robert Conklin (~1981-2005, lethal injection): Conklin stabbed his boyfriend, 28 year old George Crooks, in the ear with a screwdriver in their apartment, and dismembered his body. In an attempt to get rid of the remains, he stuffed them in a garbage disposal in their kitchen and a nearby dumpster. At the time of Crooks' murder, Conklin was on parole from a 6 year sentence for armed robbery.
40. John Hightower (1987-2007, lethal injection): While under the influence of cocaine, Hightower shot his wife, 41 year old Dorothy, and his stepdaughters, 22 year old Sandra and 19 year old Evelyn Reaves, to death in their sleep.
41. William Lynd (1988-2008, lethal injection): Lynd got into an argument with his girlfriend, 26 year old Ginger Moore, over a planned vacation and shot her to death. While on the run in Ohio, he tried to hijack a car, and shot the driver, 42 year old Leslie Sharkey, in the process. Sharkey managed to crawl to safety, and notified the authorities of the attack. She died of her injuries a few days after the shooting.
42. Curtis Osborne (1990-2008, lethal injection): Osborne, a career drug dealer, shot his girlfriend's brother, 29 year old Arthur Jones, and Jones' girlfriend, 28 year old Linda Seaborne, dead in argument over money gained from a motorcycle sale. His death sentence was controversial, as Osborne claimed that his attorney denied him a plea bargain for a racist agenda.
43. Jack Alderman (1975-2008, lethal injection): In an attempt to collect a life insurance policy, Alderman beat his wife, 20 year old Barbara, to death with a wench.
44. Robert Newland (1986-2009, lethal injection): Newland went to the apartment of his girlfriend, 27 year old Carol Beatty, after a drinking binge, and tried to kiss her. When she rejected and slapped him, Newland stabbed and disemboweled her alive. Just before she succumbed to her injuries, Beatty used her own blood to identify Newland as her attacker to the first responders.
45. William Mize (1994-2009, lethal injection): Mize was a leader of a white supremacist gang called the National Vastilian Aryan Party, in which 34 year old Eddie Tucker had filed to join. When Tucker disobeyed his orders to burn down a "crack house" as part of an initiation ritual, Mize lured him into a forest and shot him dead.
46. Mark McClain (1994-2009, lethal injection): McClain robbed a Domino pizza parlor after ordering a pizza. He shot the manger, 28 year old Kevin Brown, dead and stole $130 from the register.
47. Melbert Ford Jr. (1986-2010, lethal injection): Ford had a very specific fantasy about robbing, abducting and then murdering his ex girlfriend, 30 year old Martha Matich, after forcing her beg for mercy. He decided to make his fantasies into a reality, and stormed the grocery store she worked at with the help of an accomplice he hired. Ford shot Matich and her niece, 11 year old Lisa Chapman, dead, and stole $579 from the register.
48. Brandon Rhode (1998-2010, lethal injection): Rhode and his accomplice Daniel Lucas broke into a house, and encountered the residents, 37 year old Steven Moss, and his two children, 15 year old Kristin and 11 year old Bryan. Bryan was home alone when the intruders arrived, and tried to fight them off with a baseball bat. Lucas and Rhodes quickly subdued the boy and shot him to death. Kristen and Steven were also shot dead when they returned home. Their bodies were discovered by Gerri, Steven's wife and the children's mother. The pair were career burglars, and previously targeted the Moss home weeks before the massacre.
49. Emmanuel Hammond (~1983-2011, lethal injection): Hammond, his girlfriend, and her cousin spotted 27 year old Julia Love broken down on the side of the road. They dragged her into their car after she declined their offer for a ride. Love was tied up, forced to withdraw $140 from an ATM, and raped. The attackers partially strangled Love and shot her to death in a remote forest. In exchange for having all charges dropped, Hammond's girlfriend agreed to testify against him and her cousin. He tried to hire a fellow inmate to permanently silence her testimony, but was foiled by prison officials. Hammond had numerous previous convictions, but my sources didn't disclose details.
50. Roy Blankenship (1978-2011, lethal injection): Blankenship climbed into a home of 78 year old Sara Bowen after breaking her window. He raped and beat Bowen, and penetrated her with a bottle. She succumbed to a heart attack from the stress of the assault.
51. Andrew DeYoung (1993-2011, lethal injection): Wanting to use their life insurance policies to start his dream business, DeYoung stabbed his parents, 42 year old Gary and 41 year old Kathryn, and his sister, 14 year old Sarah, to death, and unsuccessfully ordered his accomplice to kill his 16 year old brother Nathan. Nathan escaped through a window and went to a neighbor for help.
52. Troy Davis (1988-2011, lethal injection): Davis was sentenced to death for a crime spree involving several robberies, the non fatal shooting of a teenager, and the beating of a homeless man, Troy Young (age unknown). Larry MacPhail, a 27 year old police officer and security guard, was shot and killed when he intervened in an attempt to protect Young. Davis' execution was controversial, as he managed to amass a popular following that believed in his innocence during his time on death row. He previously plead guilty for a carrying concealed weapons charge, and Davis paid a $250 fine as part of a plea agreement to avoid prison time.
53. Andrew Cook (1995-2003, lethal injection): On a random whim, Cook walked up to a couple, 22 year old Grant Hendrickson and 19 year old Michele Cartagena, parked near a lake, and shot them both to death in their car.
54. Marcus Wellons (1989-2014, lethal injection): Wellons took an obsessive sexual interest in his neighbor, 15 year old India Roberts, and began to stalk and harass the girl in an attempt to groom her into a "relationship." At one point, he even pressured his girlfriend's 14 year old son to date her. His illicit pursuit of Roberts alarmed his girlfriend and she tried evicting him from their apartment. With his relationship in shambles, Wellons' behavior escalated beyond the breaking point. After he ransacked his now ex girlfriend's apartment and poured bleach on her clothes, Wellons ambushed and abducted Roberts while she was walking to school. He raped and strangled her to death with a telephone cord.
55. Robert Holsey (~1990s-2014, lethal injection): Holsey shot and killed Will Robinson, a 26 year old Sheriff's Deputy, during a robbery of a convenience store. At the time of the shooting, he was on parole for an armed robbery conviction.
56. Andrew Brannan (~1980s-2015, lethal injection): In 1998, Branner was pulled over for speeding by Kyle Dinkheller, a 22 year old deputy. While Dinkheller was trying to file a citation, Branner became belligerent, pulled an M1 carbine out of his truck, and opened fire. Dinkheller was killed in the shootout, but he managed to wound Branner in his return fire. Branner was a Vietnam combat veteran, and he tried to use PTSD as a defense for the fatal shooting of Dinkheller and previous domestic abuse charges from his ex wife.
57. Warren Hill Jr. (~1985-2015, lethal injection): Hill was given a life sentence when he shot and killed his girlfriend, 18 year old Myra Wright. His sentence escalated to death a few years later when he fatally beat his cellmate, 34 year old Joseph Handspike, with a nailed board. At the time of his own murder, Handspike was also serving a life sentence for shooting and killing a restaurant manager during a robbery.
58. Kelly Gissendaner (1997-2015, lethal injection): Out of a desire to leave their marriage and to collect a life insurance policy, Gissendan assisted her boyfriend in abducting her husband, 30 year old Douglas, from their home. Her boyfriend stabbed Douglas to death, and she set their car on fire to destroy his body. The couple were also charged with attempting to intimidate witnesses during the murder trial.
59.Marcus Johnson (1994-2015, lethal injection): After Johnson picked up 35 year old Angela Sizemore from a bar, he sexually assaulted her with a knife. Sizemore was stabbed 41 times in the attack, and her throat was cut. Her body was found in her car by a man walking his dog hours after the murder.
60. Brian Terrell (~1992-2015, lethal injection): Terrell forged up to $8,000 in checks using 70 year old John Watson's name. Watson, who was seeking a relationship with Terrell's mother, tried to make a deal that he wouldn't pursue any charges if the money was returned to him. According to prosecutors, Terrell broke into Watson's home, and beat and fatally shot him to avoid repaying the money. His execution caused controversy, as the defense attorneys claimed that the footprints at the scene were smaller then his feet, and that he was condemned only by what they perceived to be misused testimony from his cousin (that testified against him in exchange for a plea deal) and a neighbor (who allegedly claimed that they saw "someone else walk out of the home"). Those arguments were shut down by the courts, but embraced by anti death penalty activist groups and outlets. Regardless of his guilt or lack thereof, strong evidence points to him perpetrating similar armed robberies of other homes, and was on parole at the time of Watson's murder.
61. Brandon Jones (1979-2016, lethal injection): Jones was an accomplice to the above mentioned Van Solomon, and participated in the robbery that killed Roger Tackett.
62. Travis Hittson (1993-2016, lethal injection): Hittson, who was serving on the U.S.S. Forrestal, was convinced by a crewmate to kill Conway Utterbeck, a 20 year old fellow sailor, for the thrill of killing. When they were off duty, Hittson and his accomplice walked into the home of Herbeck's parents, and found Herbeck sleeping on the couch. Before they shot him to death, the pair bludgeoned Herbeck with a baseball bat. To prevent the body's identification, they chopped off his hands, feet, and head with a hacksaw, and dumped his dismembered remains in two separate burial sites across a 300 mile radius.
63. Joshua Bishop (1994-2016, lethal injection): Bishop and another man accosted 44 year old Leverett Morrison at a bar, and demand to have the keys to his jeep. When Morrison refused, the pair beat him to death. Bishop also orchestrated the beating death of 36 year old Ricky Wills for having intercourse with his prostitute mother. The prosecution declined to charge Bishop for Willis' murder, as they wanted to use it as evidence to help secure his death sentence for Morrison's slaying.
64. Kenneth Fults (1996-2016, lethal injection): Fults forced his way inside the home of 19 year old Cathy Bonds. He bound, gagged, and blindfolded Bonds with duct tape, and made an attempt to smother her with a pillow. When that failed, Fults shot Bonds in the head, stole her keys, and drove away with her car.
65. Daniel Lucas (1998-2016, lethal injection): Lucas was the accomplice to the above mentioned Brandon Rhode, and he assisted him in murdering Steven Moss and his children in their home.
66. John Conner (1982-2016, lethal injection): In a drunken rage, Connor beat his friend, 29 year old James White, to death with a whisky bottle and a stick while visiting him in his home. The two had gotten in fight when White refused to take Connor to a liquor store.
67. Gregory Lawler (1997-2016, lethal injection): Lawler and his girlfriend were walking home intoxicated after drinking heavily at a bar, and got into a fight. A witness called the police, and officers, 28 year old John Sowa and 38 year old Patricia Cocciolone, were sent to the scene. They carried Lawler's girlfriend to their car, and drove her to the couple's apartment. Lawler was allowed to walk home unescorted. When he arrived, Lawler grabbed an AR-15, and fired on the officers. Sowa was killed, while Cocciolone survived with crippling injuries and called for backup. The other officers besieged Lawler in his apartment, and he surrendered after a 44 minute standoff.
68. Steven Spears (2001-2016, lethal injection): Spears suspected that his girlfriend, 34 year old Sherri Holland, was cheating on him. He reacted to his suspicions by wrapping Holland's head with duct tape and suffocating her with a plastic bag in her home.
69. William Sallie (1989-2016, lethal injection): Sallie's ex wife, 19 year old Robin Moore, divorced him for his physical abuse and moved back to her family (consisting of her parents, 49 year old John and Linda (age unknown), and her siblings, 17 year old April and 10 year old Justin). He was able to acquire visitation rights to their 2 year old son from the courts, and used that pretext to attack the family. Sallie charged into the Moore family home, shot and killed John, wounded Linda and bound her to Justin with handcuffs, and kidnapped Robin and April. The sisters were both kept captive and sexually assaulted together in a trailer, but they were spared and released after a few hours.
70. J. Ledford Jr. (1992-2017, lethal injection): Ledford was welcomed inside a home by the wife of his neighbor, 73 year old Harry Johnston Jr.. He tied up the couple at knifepoint, stole an undisclosed amount of money and guns, kidnapped Johnston, and drove away with him in his truck. Johnston's body was later found near an abandoned building. He was half decapitated, had a knife embedded in his back, and covered with several minor stab wounds.
71. Carlton Gary (~1964-2018, lethal injection): Gary raped and murdered at least 8 mostly elderly women between 40-89 years old. Almost all of his victims were killed in their homes, but his youngest, 40 year old Marion Fisher of New York, was abducted while walking out of a bar. They were all strangled to death with nylon stockings, which is why Gary was given the “Stocking Slayer" epithet by the media. Despite the overwhelming evidence to the contrary, including positive DNA tests, testimonies from surviving victims, fingerprints found on crime scenes, and semen samples, Gary still has a vocal following trying to proclaim his innocence. He had an extensive criminal history, which started with several arson, assault, and robbery charges as a teenager.
72. Robert Butts Jr. (1996-2018, lethal injection): Butts and his accomplice Marion Wilson carjacked Donovan Parks, a 24 year old off duty correctional officer, after he agreed to give them a ride home from Walmart. They forced Parks to exit the car and the shot him in the head execution style. Both Butts and Wilson were part of a Latin Kings set, and are believed to have killed Parks to gain more prestige from their gang. Butt's previous convictions include charges of shoplifting and burglary.
73. Scotty Morrow (1999-2019, lethal injection): Angry that his ex girlfriend, 26 year old Barbara Young, broke up with him for his abusive behavior, Morrow shot her, and her friend, 21 year old Tonya Wood, dead in their home. A third woman, 18 year old Latoyna Horn, was injured in the shooting. Young's two children, a 5 year old son and an 8 month old daughter, witnessed the killings, but were unharmed.
74. Marion Wilson Jr. (1999-2019, lethal injection): Wilson assisted Robert Butts, a fellow Latin King gangster, in the carjacking and shooting murder of officer Donovan Parks. He had a lengthy and very violent criminal history, which included the non fatal shootings of a Mexican migrant worker and a drug dealer during robberies, unprovoked assaults on a classmate and a youth worker, and an arson attack on an apartment complex. His friends noted that Wilson had a penchant for animal cruelty, and they reported seeing him shooting dogs on random whims.
75. Ray Cromartie (1994-2019, lethal injection): While robbing a grocery store, Cromartie and his accomplice shot two clerks, 50 year old Richard Slysz and Daniel Wilson (age unknown). Slysz died at the scene and Wilson survived with crippling injuries.
76. Donnie Lance (~1990s-2020, lethal injection): Lance broke down the door of his ex wife's, 39 year old Sandra, and fatally shot her boyfriend, 33 year old Dwight Wood Jr.. He then used the butt of his gun to club Sandra to death. According to court documents, Lance subjected Sandra to extreme abuse during their marriage, and reportedly kidnapped and tortured her with beatings, strangulations, and electrocutions on numerous occasions.
77. Willie Pye (~1985-2024, lethal injection): Pye's ex girlfriend, 21 year old Alicia Yarbrough, had a child with another man that he believed was his. Despite his suspicions, Yarbrough and their boyfriend pushed Pye out of the child’s life. In retaliation, Pye and two accomplice’s broke into Yarbrough’s ex boyfriend’s home to rob it, but found her alone with her infant. They abducted and robbed Yarbrough of her jewelry at gunpoint, raped her for several hours in a motel room, and shot her a total of 3 times in the head. Due to reports of him allegedly being cognitively disabled, Pye’s execution sparked some controversy. He was previously convicted of burglary.

# Today In Phishstory - April 29th Brought to you by tiph-bot. Beep.
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Phish

Phish, Friday 04/29/1994 (30 years ago) Boatyard Village Pavilion, Clearwater, FL, USA
Gap Chart, Tour: 1994 Spring Tour
Set 1 : Halley's Comet , You Enjoy Myself ¹ > Fast Enough for You > Scent of a Mule , The Sloth , Divided Sky , I Didn't Know ² , Dog Faced Boy , Split Open and Melt ³ > Sanity > My Mind's Got a Mind of its Own > Llama
Set 2 : Suzy Greenberg > Maze , If I Could , Reba ⁴ , Fee ⁵ > Uncle Pen , Mike's Song > I Am Hydrogen > Weekapaug Groove , I Wan'na Be Like You > Hold Your Head Up , Cavern
Encore : Fire
1 No vocal jam. 2 Fish on Madonna washboard. 3 Unfinished. 4 Simpsons signal. 5 Trey sang verses through megaphone.
Jamchart Notes:
You Enjoy Myself - Crazy, very strange version. (No B&D; or VJ.) Nice segue into "FEFY."
Fast Enough for You - Though not perfect, Trey gets paid by the note in this one, including during its mighty peak and conclusion.
Split Open and Melt - Excellent variation in the playing, including a nice quiet section, dissonance, pounding, and an amusing section with the band members all yelling "Yee Haw!!" No real ending but instead a > to "Sanity."
Fee - All band members play a flurry of notes several times before the > to "Uncle Pen."
Mike's Song - A typically fiery, intense '94 1st jam breaks into great rhythmic, medium intensity playing, which mellows into some super melodic Trey-led jamming with hints of "MLB." Collapsing to drums, the jamming returns to "Mike's" proper to conclude.
Show Notes:
There was no vocal jam in YEM, as the song melted into FEFY. I Didn't Know featured Fish on Madonna washboard. Split Open included teases of Ice Ice Baby and was unfinished. Sanity was played for the first time since May 17, 1992 (202 shows). Reba contained a Simpsons signal. Trey sang the verses of Fee through a megaphone.
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Phish, Thursday 04/29/1993 (31 years ago) Le Spectrum, Montréal, Québec, , Canada
Gap Chart, Tour: 1993 WinteSpring Tour
Set 1 : Split Open and Melt , Uncle Pen , The Sloth , Runaway Jim , Horn > Llama , Glide , Rift , Fee ¹ , Run Like an Antelope
Set 2 : Chalk Dust Torture , It's Ice > Ya Mar ² , Mound , Big Ball Jam > Reba , Mike's Song > I Am Hydrogen > Weekapaug Groove -> Makisupa Policeman -> Weekapaug Groove , Hold Your Head Up > Terrapin > Hold Your Head Up , The Squirming Coil
Encore : My Friend, My Friend ³ , Sweet Adeline
1 Trey sang verses through megaphone. 2 Funny stage banter as Trey tried to bring "Leo" in too early. 3 Beginning featured Trey on acoustic guitar.
Jamchart Notes:
Run Like an Antelope - Rocking version includes a brief jam on Pink Floyd's "Money" (4:45 - 5:20) followed by fantastic, very exploratatory jamming. Intense conclusion to the jam with Trey just shredding away.
Mike's Song - The strong 1st jam includes jamming that hints at "Crossroads," before breaking into a repetitive, grundge-like Mike and Fish-led groove. The 2nd jam sounds very much like an early stab at what would evolve into "Simple" the following year, played atop a similar groove to the 1st jam, and then ends in a ripping and intense manner.
Weekapaug Groove - Excellent jam with Theme From Bonanza and "NICU" teases, as well as strong and unusual melodic content -> to the first "Makisupa" in 320 shows (last seen on 11/26/90) before -> back to "Weekapaug."
Makisupa Policeman - -> in from "Weekapaug." "Makisupa" makes its first appearance in 320 shows (last seen on 11/26/90), amidst a strong "Weekapaug." -> back to "Weekapaug."
Weekapaug Groove - -> in from the first "Makisupa" in 320 shows. This section includes great "Can't You Hear Me Knocking" ("CYHMK") teases, exploratory jamming and a shredding peak. All in all, another great '93 "Weekapaug."
Show Notes:
Some of the fans cheered the mention of Quebec during Fee, which featured Trey singing the verses through a megaphone. Antelope included a brief jam on Pink Floyd's Money and a tease of Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy by Page. Chalk Dust contained Money and Lazy (Deep Purple) teases from Trey. Ya Mar contained an I Can't Turn You Loose tease from Page and funny stage banter as Trey tried to bring "Leo" in too early. Page teased Gimme Some Lovin' in Mound. Sanity was teased in Reba. Hydrogen included a tease of Jingle Jangle Jingle, with a bassline somewhat akin to Happy Trails. Weekapaug included the theme from Bonanza and Can't You Hear Me Knocking teases from Page and an NICU tease from Trey. Fish dedicated Terrapin to his friends from Burlington who made the trip to see the band. Makisupa was played for the first time since November 26, 1990 (323 shows). The beginning of My Friend featured Trey on acoustic guitar. Mike teased the Beverly Hillbillies theme in the soundcheck's Reggae Jam.
Listen now at Phish.in!
Phish, Wednesday 04/29/1992 (32 years ago) First Avenue, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Gap Chart, Tour: 1992 Spring Tour
Set 1 : Suzy Greenberg , Foam , Sparkle > It's Ice > Runaway Jim , Guelah Papyrus , Rift , Bouncing Around the Room , Take the 'A' Train > David Bowie > Secret Language Instructions ¹ > David Bowie ²
Set 2 : The Landlady > Possum ³ , Mound > The Oh Kee Pa Ceremony > Llama , The Lizards , Mike's Song > I Am Hydrogen > Weekapaug Groove , Cold as Ice > Love You > Cold as Ice , Golgi Apparatus
Encore : Horn > Rocky Top
1 Simpsons, Turn Turn Turn, All Fall Down, and Random Note signals introduced. 2 Simpsons signal. 3 Random Note signal.
Jamchart Notes:
It's Ice - Another good organ rocker with great Mike.
Show Notes:
Trey teased Dixie in Foam. 'A' Train contained Stash, Yield Not to Temptation, and Sailor's Hornpipe teases. Mike teased 'A'Train prior to the Secret Language Instructions. The Instructions contained a "Charge!" tease from Page and featured Simpsons, Turn Turn Turn, All Fall Down, and Random Note signal introductions. Bowie contained a Simpsons signal after the Instructions and Possum included a Random Note signal. Weekapaug included a Raspberry Beret tease.
Listen now at Phish.in!
Phish, Sunday 04/29/1990 (34 years ago) Woodbury Ski& Racquet Club, Woodbury, CT, USA
Gap Chart, Tour: 1990 Tour
Set 1 : Carolina , Possum , Ya Mar , You Enjoy Myself , Dinner and a Movie > Bouncing Around the Room , Uncle Pen , Divided Sky , Fluffhead > Walk Away , Love You > Hold Your Head Up , The Lizards , Fire
Show Notes:
Fluffhead was a birthday dedication to "Sarah." Walk Away featured Trey and Mike on the trampolines. HYHU was played for the first time since March 1, 1989 (167 shows).
Listen now at Phish.in!
Phish, 1989-04-29 The Living Room, Providence, RI, USA
Setlist: https://phish.net/setlists/phish-april-29-1989-the-living-room-providence-ri-usa.html
Tour: 1989 Tour
Show Notes:
Phish, Wednesday 04/29/1987 (37 years ago) Nectar's, Burlington, VT, USA
Gap Chart, Tour: 1987 Tour
Set 1 : She Caught the Katy and Left Me a Mule to Ride , Alumni Blues > Letter to Jimmy Page > Alumni Blues , Golgi Apparatus , Swing Low, Sweet Chariot , Fire , Skin It Back -> Cities , Lushington
Set 2 : Dog Log , Melt the Guns -> Dave's Energy Guide , Take the 'A' Train ¹ , Halley's Comet > Quinn the Eskimo (The Mighty Quinn) > AC/DC Bag
Set 3 : Peaches en Regalia > Fluffhead , Good Times Bad Times , Anarchy , Makisupa Policeman -> Run Like an Antelope , Boogie On Reggae Woman , Timber (Jerry the Mule) ² , Slave to the Traffic Light > Sparks > McGrupp and the Watchful Hosemasters > The Ballad of Curtis Loew ² , Come On (Part One) ² , I Am Hydrogen -> Who Do? We Do!
Encore : Fuck Your Face ³
1 First known Phish performance; Jeff Friedberg on saxophone. 2 First known Phish performance. 3 Debut.
Jamchart Notes:
Makisupa Policeman - This version features a short jam with nice interplay between Page on the organ and Trey starting after 2:30; it's lilting and pretty. Then it sort of plods along for a few minutes, but a nice second jam emerges at about 5:30. Good -> "Antelope," too.
Timber (Jerry the Mule) - Debut. First version includes a four minute jam before the final verse with that familiar dark vibe to it.
McGrupp and the Watchful Hosemasters - Another early version with a jam following the lyrics and composed sections. This one is quite rocking and has a great vibe to it.
Show Notes:
This show featured the debut of Fuck Your Face and the first known Phish performances of Take the 'A' Train, Timber (Jerry), The Ballad of Curtis Loew, and Come On (Part One). 'A' Train featured Jeff Friedberg on saxophone. The Fuck Your Face debut was in dispute for many years, though the Phish.com setlist file seems to confirm that the song was indeed performed on this date.
Listen now at Phish.in!
Phish, 1986-04-29 University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
Setlist: https://phish.net/setlists/phish-april-29-1986-university-of-vermont-burlington-vt-usa.html
Tour: 1986 Tour
Show Notes: The Earth Day show that had circulated with this date actually occurred on April 25, 1986 according to a Burlington Free Press article.

Trey Anastasio

Trey Anastasio Band, 2019-04-29 Brooklyn Bowl, Brooklyn, NY, USA
Setlist: https://phish.net/setlists/trey-anastasio-april-29-2019-brooklyn-bowl-brooklyn-ny-usa.html
Tour: Not Part of a Tour
Show Notes:
Trey Anastasio Trio, 2018-04-29 Terminal West, Atlanta, GA, USA
Setlist: https://phish.net/setlists/trey-anastasio-april-29-2018-terminal-west-atlanta-ga-usa.html
Tour: Not Part of a Tour
Show Notes: This performance, billed as "Sustain," was in memory of Chris Cottrell, and benefited the WaterWheel Cancer Fund.
Trey Anastasio Band, 2017-04-29 Stubb's Waller Creek Amphitheater, Austin, TX, USA
Setlist: https://phish.net/setlists/trey-anastasio-april-29-2017-stubbs-waller-creek-amphitheater-austin-tx-usa.html
Tour: Not Part of a Tour
Show Notes: This show featured the TAB debuts of On the Road Again and Work Song. The horns teased Happy Birthday in On the Road Again, which was performed on Willie Nelson's birthday. Trey teased On the Road Again in Gotta Jibboo. In the soundcheck, Trey teased Rocky Mountain Way before Speak To Me and Iron Man before Rise/Come Together.
Trey Anastasio Band, 2005-04-29 Tom Lee Park, Memphis, TN, USA
Setlist: https://phish.net/setlists/trey-anastasio-april-29-2005-tom-lee-park-memphis-tn-usa.html
Tour: TAB - 70 Volt Parade Spring 2005 Tour
Show Notes: This performance was part of the Beale Street Music Festival. Due to rain, this set began with a lengthy sequence of songs (Chalk Dust Torture through Waste) performed solo, acoustic by Trey.

Other

Gov't Mule, 2006-04-29 University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
Setlist: https://phish.net/setlists/guest-appearance-april-29-2006-university-of-vermont-burlington-vt-usa.html
Tour: Not Part of a Tour
Show Notes: Mike sat in with Gov't Mule for "Banks of the Deep End." This show was part of UVM's Springfest.
Everyone Orchestra, 2004-04-29 McDonald Theatre, Eugene, OR, USA
Setlist: https://phish.net/setlists/guest-appearance-april-29-2004-mcdonald-theatre-eugene-or-usa.html
Tour: Not Part of a Tour
Show Notes: This gig was a benefit for the Pangaea Project, and featured music, poetry, and multimedia presentations. Two sets of largely improvised music were performed by multiple combinations of musicians, including an improvisational exercise led by Kai Ekhardt and full Everyone Orchestra jams conducted by Tye North. The main participants for the two shows were: Fish (drums); Tony Furtado (banjo, guitar); Kai Ekhardt (bass); Maya Dorn (vocals, guitar); Libby Kirkpatrick (vocals, guitar); Jans Ingber (hand drums, vocals); Matt Butler (drums, vocals); Julia Butterfly Hill (poetry); Tye North (conducter, bass, guitar); John Whooley (saxophone); Damian Erskine (bass); Asher Fulero (keyboards, DJ); and Scott Law (guitar). Special guests for this performance were Stephen Kent (didgeridoo) and Merry Prankster Ken Babbs (poetry, trombone).

G'day peeps. For context before I continue, I'm a male, age 21 yr.
I have 2 other brothers and a Mum and Dad. My brothers and Dad hate Black, Mexican and Asian people and my Mum hates Asian people. They're very nonchalant about it.
So, I guess it was a motivator because I graduated early. I finished Uni and got out of reach of my family because of their racism. I changed my name, though not my last name and thought that'd be good enough. I was working in South Korea, Seoul, and the project that I was on (I work in Tech) was coming to a close and I flew back to the States. Got back, put my bag down and I had a knock on the door. It was a local policeman and he asked my name, I said yes and he said call your parents. I said okay and that was that. I hadn't called my parents in a while and honestly it was nice to forget about all of it. So, I of course didn't call them.
Some time goes on and they came to my apartment on a Friday after my work. I awkwardly said hello and my Mum and Dad were crying. They said they missed me and that I need to call them more often. I said I got caught up in work and in life. They said they understand and that I should check in every month-ish. Later on that night, they told me that they got worried and hired a private detective to spy on me. I of course was appalled and angry at them.
A bit before this, I started to date a Korean girl that was on the same project as I was. My Dad and Mum were 'disappointed in me' for dating such a 'low life'. I then went home locked the door and cried.
I'm moving soon and I'm not telling anyone. My now girlfriend is moving with me. Am I in the wrong for not wanting to deal with this or not wanting to be related to this?

In the EU I have succesfully completed my A2 licence. When coming to the UK I have swapped my EU licence for the UK one and only now noticed that they have filled the A section instead of the A2 section in the back of the licence. According to this, I can ride any unrestricted motorcycle.
The sections filled are AM, A1 and A, all with the same date on which I was 22 years old. As I cannot get an A before 24 unless having an A2 for 2 years which I didn't as proven by the obtained date for AM, A1 and A being the same I wonder if this invalidates my licence?
Can this licence be seen as a "fake" when checked by a policeman or insurance company (even when riding A2 compliant bike) since the dates and categories were not adding up with my age on the date I have received them?
I am a responsible and cautious rider, well over 24 years old now. If stopped on a bigger (A) bike, would this cause any trouble? I feel like I might be commiting a fraud if I do this as I know that I haven't completed the full A. On the other hand I have official UK valid licence stating that I can be riding A. I have noticed all of this only now, many years after swapping for the UK licence.
What do you guys think?

Here is the list of the currently 73 inmates executed by the state of Alabama that I wrote for my post Furman death penalty project. Alabama has set plans to carry out additional executions in the next few months, and this list might be reposted with the updated information if they happen as scheduled.
Something that should also be clarified is the dates given here are an approximate timeline of their earliest known criminal activities to their executions rather then time spent on death row. Many of the cases here are quite graphic by nature, and I don't shy away from it in my descriptions. Please read at your own risk.
The states I have left are Georgia, Florida, Missouri, Virginia, Oklahoma, and the still in progress Texas. I'll probably post my list for Georgia next whenever I have time next week.
The currently executed 73 offenders:
1. John Evans III (~1976+-1983, electric chair): A year after Evans was paroled, he and another ex convict, Wayne Ritter, went on a two month long crime spree that involved 30 armed robberies, 9 kidnappings, and 2 extortion incidents. Their rampage ended when they shot dead 34 year old Edward Nassar in front of his daughters while robbing his pawn shop. Evans' execution was controversial, as it took 24 minutes and three pulls of the switch to electrocute him. Any information on his crimes before his 1977 spree is unavailable to me.
2. Arthur Jones (1981-1986, electric chair): Jones gunned down Vaughn Thompson, a 21 year old storekeeper, and William Waymon, a 72 year old cab driver, in two robberies.
3. Wayne Ritter (1976-1986, electric chair): Ritter was the accomplice of the above mentioned John Evans. After being released from prison, he assisted him in several robberies, abductions, and the murder of Edward Nassar. Like Evans, Ritter's earlier criminal history wasn't disclosed in the sources on hand.
4. Michael Lindsey (1981-1989, electric chair): Lindsey broke in the home of 64 year old Rosemary Rutland. After tying her up, he shot and stabbed Rutland to death, and stole her Christmas presents.
5. Horace Dunkins Jr. (1980-1989, electric chair): Dunkins abducted 26 year old Lynn McCurry, bound her to a tree, and raped her. He stabbed McCurry 66 times, and left her body on the tree she was tied to. His execution was a source of controversy, as Dunkins was allegedly cognitively disabled.
6. Herbert Richardson (1977-1989, electric chair): Richardson threw a pipe bomb into the home of one of his ex girlfriend's family members in retaliation for her breaking up with him. Her niece, 11 year old Rena Callins, was killed in the attack.
7. Arthur Julius (1972-1989, electric chair): In 1972, Julius beat his boss, 74 year old Herbert Chisenhall, to death during an argument over his wages. He was given a life sentence, but was able to leave custody in 1978 on a one day release. Julius took advantage of his leave to rape his cousin, 29 year old Susie Sanders, in her home. She was strangled to death during the assault.
8. Wallace Thomas (1976-1990, electric chair): Thomas and a partner abducted 21 year old Quenette Shehane from a convenience store. She was raped, robbed, and shot to death.
9. Larry Heath (1981-1992, electric chair): Out of a desire to marry another woman, Heath orchestrated the kidnapping of his 21 year old wife Rebecca (who was 9 months pregnant with their child) with the help of some men he hired. She was abducted from their home and shot in the head.
10. Cornelius Singleton (~1972-1992, electric chair): Singleton was condemned for the robbery of a Catholic monastery that ended with the fatal strangulation of a nun, 51 year old Ann Hogan. His execution was hotly contested by his lawyers and supporters, who have alleged misconduct in the trial and investigation. Despite the controversy, Hogan's stolen watch was found in Singleton's possession. Singleton was previously convicted for a 1972 incident involving arson and burglary.
11. Willie Clisby Jr. (1979-1995, electric chair): Clisby broke into the home of 58 year old Fletcher Handley, beat him to death with an ax handle, and left with $80 in hand.
12. Varnell Weeks (1981-1995, electric chair): Weeks abducted and carjacked 24 year old Mark Batts. He bound Batts, placed a pillowcase on his head, and shot him through it. While driving Batts' stolen car in Ohio, he was flagged down by police officers, and Weeks fired on them in the confrontation. In the shootout, Weeks was captured without any causalities to the responding officers. His execution was controversial, as his lawyers claimed that he was a paranoid schizophrenic.
13. Edward Horsley Jr. (~1976-1996, electric chair): After escaping from prison with Brian Baldwin, Horsley abducted 16 year old Naomi Rolon while she was hitchhiking. Horsley raped and dismembered Rolon with an ax, and ran her body over. Although Horlsey's culpability is an overwhelming certainty, the extent of Baldwin's alleged involvement is a significant source of contention. Horsley was previously convicted of a string of robberies that ended up with a non-fatal shooting of a police officer.
14. Billy Waldrop (1982-1997, electric chair): Waldrop snuck into the home of 72 year old Thurman Donahoo and shot him in the head. He then stole $130 and a 5-carat diamond ring. To destroy any evidence of his crime, Waldrop burned the house down, and fled to California. While in hiding, he was detained by the local law enforcement for a DUI and extradited back to Alabama to face trial.
15. Walter Hill (~1952-1997, electric chair): As a teenager in the early 50s, Hill beat Sam Atmore (age unknown) to death. He was given a 10 year sentence for that murder, and took part in an escape attempt that was temporarily successful because of the watchman's negligence. After his release, Hill became a career criminal and was involved with several abduction robberies, and wound up in a cycle of repeatedly being in and out of prison. During one of his incarcerations, Hill stabbed an unidentified inmate to death, but was cleared of any charges on the grounds of self defense. In 1977, Hill started an illicit "relationship" with a 13 year old girl, and sought the permission of her stepmother, 60 year old Willie Hammock, to marry but she refused. Out of anger, Hill shot Hammock, her 34 year old daughter Lois Tatum, and Lois' 36 year old husband John dead in their home, and abducted the girl and her 16 year old adopted brother. The brother managed to escape, but Hill kidnapped a motorist he encountered in Georgia. The man escaped captivity in North Carolina, and reported Hill and the abducted girl to the local police.
16. Henry Hays (1981-1997, electric chair): Hays was a member of a local Ku Klux Klan chapter, and the son of one of the most prominent KKK leaders in Alabama. In the area, the sentencing of a black man, who was accused of murdering a white policeman, kept on getting delayed due to a string of mistrials. Hays and other members of the KKK chapter interpreted it as a sign that blacks will be able to get away with murdering whites, and sought revenge by lynching a black person at random. The unfortunate victim was 19 year old Michael Donald, who was abducted while walking home from a gas station. Donald was beaten with a tree stump, strangled with a rope, and his throat slit by Hays and his fellow Klansmen. His body was hung on a nearby tree.
17. Steven Thompson (1984-1998, electric chair): Thompson abducted 25 year old Robin Balarzs, a friend's fiancee, from her home. After he tied up and gagged her, Thompson raped Balarz and penetrated her with a knife, shaved her head, and dragged her to death with his car over a distance of 3,000 feet. He stole Balarz's wedding ring and a dollar from her purse, and sexually mutilated her body.
18. Brian Baldwin (~1977-1998, electric chair): Baldwin was the accused accomplice of the above mentioned Edward Horsley, and allegedly helped him with the sex murder of Naomi Rolon after they escaped from prison together. As mentioned in Horsley's section, Baldwin's involvement with Rolon's killing remains hotly contested to this day, and he and his supporters alleged that he was set up by institutionalized racism and tortured into confessing by investigating police officers. He was previously in prison for stealing a car.
19. Victor Kennedy (~1980-1999, electric chair): Kennedy, a career burglar, and an accomplice, Darrell Grayson, broke into the home of 86 year old Annie Orr to search for money. They bound, beat, raped, and suffocated her with a pillow case. When they failed to find any money, Kennedy and Grayson left the residence empty handed.
20. David Duren (1983-2000, electric chair): Duren and an accomplice kidnapped 16 year old Kathleen Bedsole and her date, 17 year old Charles Leonard, and stole $20 that was given to them by Bedsole's father. The couple were tied together, and locked in the trunk for several hours. When Duren stoped his car, he shot both of the teenagers. Bedsole was killed, while Leonard managed to survive and escape.
21. Freddie Wright (1977-2000, electric chair): Wright was convicted of robbing a store owned by couple, 40 year old Warren and 37 year old Lois Green, with 3 other men. The Greens were tied together, dragged into a backroom, and shot to death. Their watches and $900 were stolen in the robbery. His execution was controversial, as his attorneys and supporters push that he was convicted both out of racism and the participants allegedly naming him to avoid death sentences.
22. Robert Tarver Jr. (1984-2000, electric chair): Tarver fatally shot 63 year old Hugh Kite, while he and an accomplice were robbing him outside of his store. Kite was just done closing his store when he was attacked, and had $80 taken from him.
23. Pernell Ford (1983-2000, electric chair): Ford forced himself into the home that 70 year old Willie Griffin shared with her 42 year old daughter Linda. He stabbed both of them to death after a struggle. Several undisclosed items were stolen from the Griffin home, and Ford used their car to flee to Illinois.
24. Lynda Block (1992-2002, electric chair): Block, her common law husband, George Sibley, and her 9 year old son were sitting in car that was parked in a Walmart parking lot. A passerby was concerned by Block's son apparently looking distressed, and reported them to the police. When a police officer, 38 year old Roger Motley, came to question them, Block and Sibley shot him to death. The couple was previously involved in assaulting and stabbing Block's ex husband in a dispute over their home, a crime they were on the run from at the time of Motley's murder.
25. Anthony Johnson (1984-2002, lethal injection): While Johnson and two unidentified men were robbing a jewelry store, they engaged in a gun-battle with the owner, 51 year Kenneth Cattrell, and killed him. Although Johnson's wasn't directly responsible for Cattrell's death and only acted as a lookout, he was the only member of the gang to be captured, and thus bore the brunt of the judicial retributions when he refused to testify against them.
26. Michael Thompson (1984-2003, lethal injection): During a nighttime convenience store robbery, Thompson kidnapped the clerk, 57 year old Maisie Gray. Thompson forced Gray into his car, drove her to a well, and tossed her inside it. He then shot a trapped Gray to death with his married girlfriend holding a torch for him. His girlfriend had a longstanding record for armed robberies, and Thompson's defense tried to use the argument that she goaded him into the killing or did it herself.
27. Gary Brown (1996-2003, lethal injection): Brown and a few other men went to the home of Jack McGraw, a 59 year old Korean War veteran, to "party." On numerous previous occasions, McGraw had paid them for sex acts. They planned on robbing McGraw's house after he passed out drunk, but he refused to drink as he had work the next morning. Undeterred, Brown and his accomplices attacked McGraw, and stabbed him a combined total of 78 times. More specifically, McGraw's back was stabbed 59 times, his throat and neck were slashed 16 times, and he had 3 cut wounds on his head. The group then stole $67 and a VCR set from his home.
28. Thomas Fortenberry (1984-2004, lethal injection): Fortenberry fatally shot four people, 51 year old Wilbur Nelson, 43 year old Robert Payne, Robert's 29 year old wife Nancy, and 21 year old Ronald Guest, while attempting to rob a gas station.
29. James Hubbard (~1957-2004, lethal injection): In 1957, Hubbard shot and killed 28 year old Carl Dockery in what was described as a "domestic disturbance." He was paroled in 1976 with the help of 62 year old Lillian Montgomery, a woman he befriended behind bars. Hubbard repaid the favor by shooting and killing her while robbing a store she owned in the following year. He stole $500 and her diamond watch, and tried to stage Montgomery's death as a suicide despite the fact that he shot her in the face, head, and shoulder.
30. David Hocker (1998-2004, lethal injection): Hocker was living in a motel and didn't have a car at hand. Thus, he asked his boss, 47 year old Jerry Robinson, to drive him around for an errand. When they were in the car together, Hocker stabbed Robinson to death, stole his credit card, and withdrew $400 from it to buy cocaine. Hocker had an extensive criminal history, but the specifics weren't given in my sources.
31. Mario Centobie (1995-2005, lethal injection): Centobie and another prisoner escaped from a Georgia prison during his 40 year sentence for the double kidnappings of his ex wife and son. They fled to Alabama, and were pulled over by local policemen. Centobie opened fire on them and killed Keith Turner, a 29 year old officer, and wounded another. The pair were recaptured in Georgia near the home of Centobie's ex wife. While awaiting trial, Centobie yet again escaped by seducing a guard, but was quickly recaptured.
32. Jerry Henderson (1984-2005, lethal injection): On his sister-in-law's payroll, Henderson lured her husband, 33 year Jerry Haney, outside of his house and shot him dead.
33. George Sibley Jr. (1992-2005, lethal injection): Sibley was the common law husband of the above mentioned Lynda Block, and assisted her in the killing of officer Roger Motley. He also took part in the assault of her ex husband.
34. John Peoples Jr. (1983-2005, lethal injection): Enraged that 34 year old Paul Franklin refused to sell him his car that he coveted, Peoples broke into his home, and beat him to death with a rifle. Peoples stole the car and abducted Paul's wife, 34 year old Judy, and their 10 year old son John. They were also beaten to death with Peoples' rifle.
35. Larry Hutcherson (1992-2006, lethal injection): Hutcherson broke into the home of 89 year old Irma Gray, and slit her throat. He stole her air conditioner and microwave in the robbery.
36. Aaron Jones (1978-2006, lethal injection): After being fired by them, Jones and his partner invaded the home of their former employers, 61 year old Carl and 45 year old Williene Nelson. They shot Carl and Willene dead and chopped their bodies into several pieces. The pair also shot their 3 children, 21 year old Tony, 13 year old Brenda, and 10 year old Charlie, and Carl's mother, 85 year old Annie, but they all managed to survive their injuries.
37. Darrell Grayson (1980-2007, lethal injection): Grayson was the accomplice of the previously mentioned Victor Kennedy, and partook in the rape and murder of Annie Orr and the burglary of her home.
38. Luther Williams (1988-2007, lethal injection): While John Kirk, a 63 year old WW2 veteran, was driving home from work, his truck broke down. He was found and abducted by Williams and 2 other men, and shot to death by them. The trio then stole money from Kirk's body and his truck.
39. James Callahan (1982-2009, lethal injection): Callahan kidnapped 26 year old Becky Howell, while she was walking from a club her fiance was performing to switch laundry that she left at a laundromat. Howell was raped and strangled to death.
40. Danny Bradley (1983-2009, lethal injection): When his wife was hospitalized, Bradley was left to care for his stepdaughter, 12 year old Rhonda Hardin, and his stepson. After he put his stepson to bed, Bradley sodomized Hardin and choked her to death with his bare hands.
41. Jimmy Dill (~1983-2009, lethal injection) Dill shot his dealer, 33 year old Leon Shaw, in the head during a deal gone bad, and stole $200 and a few bags of cocaine. Shaw was left comatose and died of his injuries 9 months later. Dill had an extensive criminal record for theft and drug possession.
42. Willie McNair (1990-2009, lethal injection): McNair and an accomplice went to the home of his occasional employer, 68 year old Ella Riley, to ask for some money. When Riley declined to give them any, McNair tricked her into letting him inside by asking for a drink of water. After walking in, he stabbed Riley in the neck and strangled her to death. The pair then fled with her purse.
43. Jack Trawick (~1972-2009, lethal injection): Trawick was convicted or credibly confessed to a minimum of 3 murders. His verified victims consist of 27 year old Aileen Pruitt, 21 year old Stephanie Gach, and 17 year old Betty Richards. In his known murders, he forcibly abducted his victims from public locations, and raped and tortured them. They were then stabbed and beaten to death with a hammer. Trawick bragged in graphic details about committing other murders on a website made for death row inmates, which he also used to taunt the victims' families. However, investigations into the alleged additional killings brought no results, and are now believed to have been fictionalized by Trawick for clout.
44. Max Payne (1992-2009, lethal injection): Payne robbed a store at gunpoint, and kidnapped the owner, 58 year old Braxton Brown. He took Brown to his sister's house and tried forcing him into giving them money. When his sister objected, Payne dragged Brown to a bridge, shot him in the head, and dumped his body in the nearby creek. A total of $1,085 in cash and many of Brown's belongings were stolen, which included bank deposit checks, rings, cigarettes, food stamps, and a handgun.
45. Thomas Whisenhant (~1963-2010, lethal injection): At the age of 16, Whisenhant fatally shot 72 year old Lexie Haynes in one incident and robbed an unidentified blind woman in another. For uknown reasons, the charges were dropped against him, and he was able to join the air force. A few years later, he assaulted Rose Covington, a 22 year old WAF servicewoman, with an ashtray, and was discharged and sentenced to 20 years of hard labor for the attack. Whisenhant was granted parole in 1972. Another couple years later, he went on a crime spree, and abducted 3 women that worked in convenience stores he robbed. His victims, 44 year old Venora Hyatt, 28 year old Patricia Hitt, and 23 year old Cheryl Payton, were all raped and shot in the head.
46. John Parker (1988-2010, lethal injection): Parker and his accomplice Kenneth Smith was hired to kill 42 year old Elizabeth Sennett, by her husband, who wanted to use her life insurance policy to fund his ministering. Her husband was also Parker's landlord. The pair tricked Sennett into letting them inside the house by pretending to be hunters inquiring about for a hunting spot, and stabbed her to death. Sennett's husband then gave Parker and Smith their stereo and video cassette recorders to make it look like a robbery.
47. Michael Land (~1990-2010, lethal injection): Land kidnapped 30 year old Candace Brown from her apartment after he cut her telephone line. He raped Brown, shot her in the head, and stole her purse. Land had prior convictions of burglaries and receiving stolen goods, and previously met Brown in prison when she ministered to him.
48. Holly Wood (~1981-2010, lethal injection): In 1994, Wood shot his ex girlfriend, 34 year old Ruby Gosha, at point blank range in front of her children at her mother's home. He had also (non-fatally) shot another ex girlfriend from outside her bedroom window several years before Gosha's murder. His criminal history was extensive, and had 18 different felonies on his record. Some of the charges pertained to incidents of assault.
49. Phillip Hallford (~1978-2010, lethal injection): Hallford was jealousy enraged that his 15 year old daughter, whom he had been sexually abusing since she was 7, was dating 16 year old Charles Shannon. He forced her to lure Shannon to a bridge, gunned him down, and stole his wallet. With the coerced help of his stepson, Hallford dumped Shannon's body into a river. As a memento, Hallford forced his daughter to wear a necklace with the shell casing used in the murder.
50. Leroy White (1988-2011, lethal injection): White shot his estranged wife, 35 year old Ruby, dead while she was visiting her sister out of anger at their upcoming divorce. Ruby's sister was wounded in the shooting. White had also previously shot and injured Ruby's leg during an argument.
51. William Boyd (1986-2011, lethal injection): Boyd and a partner broke into the home of married couple, 76 year old Fred and 41 year old Evelyn Blackmon, and duped them into thinking that Evelyn's daughter (whom Boyd previously dated against her mother's wishes) was kidnapped. They made the couple believe that they had to pay a $3,000 ransom for her safe return. The couple were then both tied up, forcibly separated into their captors' cars, and beaten and shot to death.
52. Jason Williams (1992-2011, lethal injection): Under the influence of cocaine, Williams shot his roommate, 46 year old Gerald Paravicini dead in the trailer they shared. William then walked over to his neighbors, the Barber family (consisting of parents, 50 year old Freddie and 45 year old Linda, and their sons, 22 year old Bryan and 16 year old Brad) and intruded into their home. He shot and killed Freddie, Linda, and Bryan, and wounded Brad. Cash and credit cards were taken and Williams fled in the family van.
53. Eddie Powell III (~1990s-2011, lethal injection): Powell broke into the home of 70 year old Mattie Wesson, and repeatedly sexually assaulted her. Wesson was beaten and shot in the attack, but she managed to drag herself to a neighbor's house for help before she succumbed to her injuries. Powell had several previous convictions for burglary, theft, and assault.
54. Derrick Mason (1994-2011, lethal injection): Mason held up a convenience store, and forced the clerk, 25 year old Angela Cagle to turn off the cameras and undress. However, he shot Cagle in the head before any assault could occur. He then tried to open the register, but ran off when he failed to open it.
55. Christopher Johnson (2005-2011, lethal injection): To avoid paying child support and to spite his estranged wife, Johnson smothered his 6 month old son Eilas with his fingers, and struck him in the head.
56. Andrew Lackey (2005-2013, lethal injection): After being told about the existence of a vault inside the home of Charles Newman, a 80 year old WW2 veteran, by Newman's grandson, Lackey decided to steal it from him. He invaded Newman's house, and shot and stabbed him 70 times in the ensuring confrontation. Despite Lackey waiving his appeals and actively petitioning for his own execution, his death sentence attracted controversy due to him being diagnosed with Asperger's.
57. Christopher Brooks (1992-2016, lethal injection): Brooks snuck into the apartment of 23 year old Jo Campbell. He sexually assaulted Campbell in her bedroom, and bludgeoned her to death with a barbell. Several items, including a credit card, were stolen from the scene.
58. Ronald Smith Jr. (1994-2016, lethal injection): Smith and some accomplices robbed a convenience store, and fatally shot the clerk, 26 year old Casey Wilson. According to Smith's attorneys, Smith and Wilson were allegedly involved in a love triangle with a local stripper. If such accounts are to be believed, he shot him dead in a dispute over her, and Smith staged it as a robbery to avoid embarrassing his parents. However, the stripper strongly denied having any connections with both men. His execution sparked controversy, as witnesses reported him coughing and heaving for 13 minutes during it.
59. Thomas Arthur (1982-2017, lethal injection): Arthur's married girlfriend hired him to kill her husband, 35 year old Troy Wicker, for his insurance policy. He gunned down Wicker while he was sleeping in his bedroom. To mislead investigators, Wicker's wife claimed that an intruder broke into her home, shot her husband dead, and raped her.
60. Robert Melson (1994-2017, lethal injection): Melson and his partner held up a Popeyes store at gunpoint. They rounded up the employees, 23 year old Darrell Collier, 18 year old Tamika Collins, 17 year old Nathaniel Baker, and 17 year Bryant Archer, into a freezer, and shot them. Archer was the sole survivor, and identified Melson's accomplice, a former employee, to the police. Although Melson's accomplice was initially given a life sentence due to him being a minor at the time, he was later also sentenced to death for killing a cellmate, and is currently awaiting execution.
61. Torrey McNabb (1997-2017, lethal injection): McNabb skipped bail when he was facing charges for receiving stolen property and drug possession. He was tracked down by a bondsman sent to bring him back to court, but he shot at him when he appeared at his doorsteps. The bondsman then called the police for support. One of the responding officers, 30 year old Anderson Gordon, was killed in the standoff with McNabb.
62. Michael Eggers (2000-2018, lethal injection): Eggers and his ex employer, 67 year old Bennie Murray, were in talks about him returning to his former job at her carnival. While Murray was driving Eggers and his 15 year old son, they got into an argument. During the fight, Murray slapped Eggers, which enraged him. He beat and choked her with his hands until she went unconscious, and tossed Murray out of her car. Eggers continued to beat and kick Murray, and crushed her throat with a tree branch. After she was killed, Eggers stole money from Murray's purse, and drove away in her car.
63. Walter Moody (~1972-2018, lethal injection): In 1972, Moody was building a bomb to kill an auto dealer that repossessed his car. However, the bomb exploded prematurely, and critically injured Moody's then wife instead. Although Moody was cleared of charges relating to the construction of the bomb, he was still convicted of it being in his possession. His appeals were thrown away, which gave him a resentment against the justice system. After Moody was released from prison, he murdered a federal judge, 58 year old Robert Vance, and a civil rights attorney, 42 year old Robbie Robinson, and injured Vance's wife, in two separate bombings. To disguise his attacks, Moody sent bombs and hate letters to various NAACP targets.
64. Domineque Ray (1992-2019, lethal injection): Ray shot and killed two brothers, 18 year old Ernest and 13 year old Reinhard Mabins, for refusing to join his gang. In the following year, Ray and his gang members kidnapped 15 year old Tiffany Harville from her home and raped her. Her throat was slit and she was dumped in a remote cotton field.
65. Michael Samra (1997-2019, lethal injection): During an argument over a pick up truck, Samra and his teenage friend shot and killed his friend's father, 39 year old Randy Duke, and step mother, 29 year old Dedra Hunt. The pair also slit the throats of Dedra's two children, 7 year old Chelsea and 6 year old Chelisa.
66. Christopher Price (~1990-2019, lethal injection): Price invaded the home of Bill Lynn, a 57 year old pastor, while he was busy wrapping Christmas presents for his grandchildren. He stabbed Bill 30 times with a sword and injured his wife Bessie when they confronted him. Despite being only 19 at the time, Price had an extensive criminal history that involved trespassing, auto theft, and "criminal mischief."
67. Nathaniel Woods (~2004-2020, lethal injection): A squad of 4 police officers, 58 year old Carlos Owen, 40 year old Harley Chisholm III, 37 year old Michael Collins, and 33 year old Charles Bennett, were searching a drug house that Woods, a long time dealer, had been operating in. As they were arresting Woods, one of his associates opened fire on them and killed Chisholm, Bennett, and Owen. Collins was wounded, but managed to flee to safety. Wood's execution was extremely controversial, as he wasn't the triggerman in the shootings. His supporters and the shooter himself claimed that he was an entirely innocent party, while the prosecutors pushed that he deliberately lured the officers to their deaths.
68. Willie Smith III (1991-2021, lethal injection): Smith kidnapped 22 year old Sharma Johnson at gunpoint near a bank, and forced her to withdraw $80 from an ATM machine. He locked Johnson in the trunk of her own car, and shot her dead while she was trapped in it. The car was then burned to destroy the evidence.
69. Matthew Reeves (1996-2022, lethal injection): Reeves and two other men pretended to be hitchhikers on a remote highway as a ruse to lure motorists. The target they ensnared was 38 year old Willie Johnson Jr. They robbed Johnson of $360 when he stopped to pick them up, and Reeves shot him to death with a shotgun. Reeves then attended a party reportedly still covered with Johnson's blood, and celebrated by pretending to pump the gun and mockingly mimicked his death throes to the other guests.
70. Joe James Jr. (1993-2022, lethal injection): James tracked down his ex girlfriend, 26 year old Faith Hill, at her friend's apartment. She was in the company of her children, her friend, and her friend's children. The friend shielded the children from James with her body, while Hill tried desperately to calm him down. Despite her efforts, she was shot dead. His execution sparked controversy for it taking over 3 hours to complete, and caused the state of Alabama to delay executions until 2023. James was previously arrested and reported several times for harassing Hill's family, which included an incident of him burglarizing her grandmother's home.
71. James Barber (2001-2023, lethal injection): Barber assaulted 75 year old Dorothy Epps, who was both his ex girlfriend's mother and a former employer, with a claw hammer in her home. Despite her efforts at fighting him off, Epps was beaten to death, and Barber stole her purse.
72. Casey McWhorter (1993-2023, lethal injection): McWhorter conspired with a 15 year old friend and a 16 year old friend to kill 34 year old Edward Williams, the father of the 15 year old. The group tried to force Williams to had over a safe, but he tried to fight back. They shot him a total of 11 times with a .22 rifle equipped with a makeshift silencer in his home and took his truck, wallet, and an undisclosed amount of money. The stolen truck was destroyed in order to sell the parts for scrap metal.
73. Kenneth Smith (1988-2024, nitrogen hypoxia): Smith assisted John Parker in the contract killing of Elizabeth Sennett on the behalf of her husband. His case attracted controversy when he survived a botched execution in 2022, and received international attention for being the first inmate in history to be executed with the controversially experimental nitrogen hypoxia method.

“Well, Sir, I had to go to town cuz I had ta take care of sum bidnez at the old courthouse. Ya see, I got myself inta a lil bit a legal trouble a spell back. It all started when I wuz haulin sum copper off to sell. I had my old wagon loaded down with the metal, and my trusty old mule, Lady Gaga, was on point.”
“So I wuz a’pulling my load in the wagon in town, right down Main Street on the way to the scrap metal yard, when out of the blue I heard me a blaring siren a’wailin’! I looked behind me an seen a police car on my ass with its blue lights a’goin’. I presumed that the cop was pulling me over, so I pulled my wagon off the side of the road.”
“Well, this old, ugly fat bitch a’wearing a policeman’s uniform came a’marching up ta me, pointing her fanger at me and telling me to get down off my wagon, which I dun did. She then lights inta me, yelling and flinging her arms around about how I can’t be driving a wagon on the city streets, and how I was holding up traffic, and that I wuz puttin people in danger, and that I wuz endangering Lady Gaga. She threatened to arrest me and throw me in jail. I’m a’tellin ya, she had her panties all up in a bunch!!”
“She finally shut her trap and asked me what I had to say fer myself. Well sir, I cocked back my right hand and then slapped the shit outa that thar bitch! She wint down like a sack of taters. I sed ‘No Woman is gonna talk to me like dat, you old hag!!’ I wuz gonna really tell her off, but afore I could git another werd Out, the bullets went ta flyin’! The old cunt was a’shootin’ at me!! I dived under my wagon and covered my head!”
“Well, she emptied her gun. Like any woman, she didn’t hit a damned thang she wuz aimin’ at. She ordered me out from under the wagon. I sed ‘Not til you put yer gun down, ya crazy bitch!’
“Well about this time another cop pulls up, siren blaring and light a’flashing. Thank God, this second cop wuz a man! So I crawled out from under the wagon, with my hands up over my head. Then the man cop sed “Shit!! Roy, is that YOU?!?” I looked up and saw it was old Wild Bill from Cartersville. His pappy and me used to bootleg together back in the day. I sed ‘Howdy, Bill. How’s yer pappy doin?’”
“The bitch cop then got madder than an old wet hen, pleading to Bill that I struck her. Man, she wuz pissed! Her face was beet red and she had tears running down her puffy cheeks. Bill asked ‘Now Roy, did you hit Officer Black?’ I replied, ‘Sure did! She wuz a’yelling at me and made me fear fer my life. I thought she may pull her sidearm and shoot me. As it turned out I wuz right.’ Well that drove the bitch into really rantin and raving. She wuz making sech an ass of herself that old Bill sed that while he hated to do it, he wuz gonna have to charge me with assault and battery on an officer of the law. I nodded and sed, ‘Aww don’t worry bout it nun. You is jest doin yer job. Tell yer pappy I sed hi.’”
“So I was arrested. I signed my own bond and was outa there in 15 minutes. But what really pissed me off was that they impounded my wagon, Gaga, and all that copper onboard. I wuz not happy about this one bit cuz I had stole all that copper outa people’s houses. Once the homeowners discover the situation and start calling in to the police, they is going to put 2 and 2 together.”
“Fortunately, before I left I found old Sheriff. He was leaned back in his chair sleeping. I walked over to him and kicked the leg out from under his chair. His fat ass hit the floor with a “WHUMP!!!” Sheriff looked up at me and sed ‘Goddamn it, Roy!! Why’d ya have to go do a fool thang like that?!? I wuz sleepin.’ I told Sheriff that I had a problem.”
“I explained to Sheriff that one of his affirmative action hires, Officer Black, was all up in my shit. I sed ‘Sheriff, I gots me 300 pounds of stolen copper on my wagon in the impound yard. I got to get it outa there!’ As Sheriff handed me a key he sed ‘Well Hell, Roy, here’s the key to the impound yard. Go get yer mule and wagon and get the fuck out of here.’ I told Sheriff I was much obliged. I got my stuff and then made my way to the scrap iron yard to sell my copper.”
“So I wuz charged with assault and battery on a law enforcement officer, and I had to go to court. I went to see my lawyer, Mr. Beauregard Sinclair, Esquire. Per usuaI, I dropped 5 grand cash on his desk and he sed he would help me. Old Beauregard is famous fer keepin His werd, If he says he can get you off, then you are as good as off the hook.”
“So that thar is the back story. When the day came I went down to town to go to my court date. I met Beauregard. He sed he had a deal all worked out where the state would drop the felony charge if I agree to plead guilty to jaywalking. So we went in that thar courtroom. The judge called my case.”
“The Judge sed ‘Ok, now Roy, I understand that you are willing to plead guilty to jaywalking?’ I sed ‘That’s right, you fat cunt.’ The Judge grimaced and sed ‘Now, Roy, don’t talk like that! Come on, buddy, we are trying to help you out here.’
“The judge continued, ‘Roy, it has come to my attention that the witness agin ya, Officer Black, has disappeared and nobody knows where she is.’ I looked over at Beauregard and he winked at me. Good old Beauregard! The judge sed ‘So I am gonna drop all charges agin ya, Roy.’ I sed, ‘Why thanky, you old, shriveled-up cunt!’ The judge replied ‘Roy! You are in court right now. Don’t talk to me like that! Next case!’
“As we walked out of the courtroom I told Beauregard thanks and that it came out a lot better than I thought it would. I slipped him some gold rounds, he shook my hand, and we both left the courthouse.”
“Outside the old courthouse I saddled up on my mule, ole Gaga, when I heard this terrible commotion a‘ coming up the street. It was a crowd of people marching toward the courthouse, and they wuz some ugly motherfuckers, they were! They wuz all dressed in black, wearing masks and helmets, and carrying sticks and baseball bats.”
“Well, sir, this mob of people wuz in sum kind of angry mindset. They wuz carrying protest signs about Nazis and Trump and fascists and yada yada. They all seemed to have the same symbols on their clothes. I ain’t seen nary a scene like this one here since Berlin 1939!”
“They wuz all hootin and a’hollarin. When they got up to me I asked one of the large purple-haired women in the group what wuz going on. She sed ‘We Are ANTIFA, man! We are fighting the fascist capitalists and police state!’ I asked ‘What is Antifa?’ She sed ‘That stands for anti-fascist!!’ Then she screamed ‘KILL ALL FASCIST SCUM!!’
“I wuz perplexed. As I sat on my mule, looking at all these fat chicks and purple haired f#ggots prancing around, I thunk to myself ‘Fascists?!? Nazis?!? There ain’t no fascists and Nazis here. This here is America!”
“Well, it wuz about that time that the entire police force showed up: Old Sheriff, Wild Bill From Cartersville, and Booger. Sheriff sed ‘Roy, you better get on out of here. We are going to have to restore order and things may get pretty rough.’ I sed ‘Fuck you, Sheriff. You can’t stop a ni**er from stealing a loaf of bread from the 7-11.’ Old Sheriff jest ignored me and started barking orders at the Antifa morons.”
“Well, That did not go over very well. Them thar homos started throwing rocks and chanting ‘HEY HEY, HO HO!!! ALL PIGS MUST GO!!’ You know, that jest did not sit right with me. Old Sheriff is a cunt, but he’s a hometown boy. Plus, this here is America! And it twere clear that these twerps are not anti-fascists; they ARE the fascists!”
“So I reached into the saddlebags on my old mule and pulled out my 2 Uzis I carry in thar. Dual wielding them, I opened far on the stupid kids. TAT TAT TAT TAT TAT TAT TAT TAT TAT TAT TAT!!!!!! The brass wuz a’flyin’ and the idiots were a’scatterin!! It looked like a Friday night raid on a gay bathhouse!!”
“Well, it wuz about that time that I ran outa ammo. But thar wuz a problem: there wuz still about a hundred of them little peckers left! And a couple of ‘em ‘twas armed and wuz a’returnin fire! ‘Oh shit!’, I thought.”
“I jumped off my mule and ran over to Sheriff and sed ‘gimme yer car keys, bitch!’ Sheriff sed ‘Now Roy, I can’t just give you my car. It’s county property!’ I grabbed Sheriff by his collar and punched him in the face. Sheriff them handed me his car keys and sed ‘Ok, Roy, Ok, here they are. Take them.’ I then high-tailed it to Sheriff’s squad car. The Antifa cretins were in hot pursuit of me!”
“I hopped inta the car and burned outa thar! I noticed immediately that Neil Diamond wuz a’sangin to me on the radio. I sed ‘Sheriff, you sick pussy motherfucker!’, then turned that shit off. Jest then a bullet shattered my rear winder. BOOM!!! Those fucking homos had got them a car too and wuz a’chasing me!”
“Most police departments git ‘em sumthang souped up in the patrol car department so that they can catch criminals running from ‘em. But that fucking retard Sheriff bought hisself a pussy Prius. I thought to myself ‘Sheriff, you Goddamn f%ggot! When this is over I am gonna whoop yer ass!’ I knew I wuz gonna hafta ditch this communistic piece of shit and run fer it!”
“I got outa town and inta some wooded area. I grabbed Sheriff’s shotgun in the car, opened the door, and dived out while the car wuz still a’movin’. I rolled to a stop, got up, and ran off into the woods just as those Antifa cunts pulled up.”
“As I wuz haulin’ ass up into the woods, I checked to make sure the shotgun I grabbed outa Sheriff’s car was loaded. It wasn’t. There wuz nary a shell in the magazine. I sed to myself ‘Damn it, Sheriff!! I’m gonna cripple yer ass over this!’ I could hear the Antifa pussies. They had entered the woods and were on my ass, and here I am unarmed!!”
“I fucked up this time. I took on too many people at one time with insufficient firepower. All I could do now wuz run. The chase wint on fer a few minutes. Then, BOOM... I came to a cliff. ‘SHIT!’, I thought. It was Dogman Ravine!! I knew I wuz in its vicinity, but here it be. It wuz a good 100 foot drop. After a moment or two, the gaggle of Antifa homos caught up to me.”
“There wuz 5 of ‘em. They wuz pudgy and outa shape, as evidenced by all the huffin’ and a’puffin’ they wuz doin. Now, usually this would not be a big deal. I’d jest whoop their asses and go on my way. But this here predicament were different. Two of these ridiculous goons had AR rifles, and I were unarmed. That goddamn courthouse got it a no-gun policy, so I wusn’t packin’ like I normally would.”
“I raised up my hands and sed ‘Whoa thar, f*ggots. Let’s not do anythang rash here.’ The one girl in the group sed ‘He’s using hate terms. Shoot him!’ I sed, ‘yeah, shoot me, f#ggots! Ya’ll sissies ain’t got the guts.’ The bitch spoke up agin, demanding the gunmen shoot me.”
“Well Sir, about that time thar came a hellish roar along with a crashing sound coming up from behind the Antifa nitwits. ‘RRRRRRAAAAAWWWWRRRRRR!!!!!’ Then BOOM!!!!!, it was on top of them!”
“It were a goddamn Bigfoot! A big one!! It wuz about 12-13 ft tall, I reckon. The Antifa pussies were frozen in fear. The Bigfoot grabbed that bitch that wuz trying to git me shot, and ripped her head clean off! It then savagely mauled the other 4 in quick order. When it wuz over the forest floor was covered in blood and body parts. It wuz fucking disgusting!!”
“Then the big old beast’s eyes and mine met. At this point I still wuz not sure what this monster’s intent wuz. Then the damnedest thang happened. It spoke to me with telepathic mindspeak!”
“The Bigfoot sed ‘I hate these Antifa f*ggots.’ I nodded. Then the Bigfoot raised its right hand, waved at me, and then with Mindspeak sed ‘See ya, Roy!’ It walked off into the woods and wuz gone.”
“I’m not sure how that swarthy critter knew my name. But, who cares? I decided I would jest hump it back to Sasquatch Hollar on foot, so I took off. By nightfall I wuz a’layin in my hammock on the porch and sippin sum of the devil’s nectar!”

This sucks. I mean really. I struggle to move through life and never seem to find peace, or find love for me, just for being me. I’ve been very successful in my life. I’ve had one well paying career that I was proud of, and hated for: being a California policeman. That was all I wanted to do growing up, and I did it for 16 years. I was excellent at it, had incredible experiences, and rose up in the ranks to points I had some milestones to be proud of, but have experienced disdain from women, ties cut from my own family and abandonment from friends I had growing up.
I assume the friendship losses came out of jealousy. In my 20s, I had no college degrees and was making 6 figures; while my friends all went to college and ended up working at Starbucks making minimum wage. These friends still hang out to this day and I’ve never been invited into their get togethers or get calls, despite my efforts to reach out. Dating girls always failed. Mostly because I couldn’t participate in their kind of fun, usually drugs, or I wouldn’t just pay for shopping sprees. I simply wanted a mutual relationship that was based on actual feelings for me; not for what I could give them. Co workers always had better plans, and eventually I was forced to retire because I injured my back and I couldn’t do the job anymore.
I moved away from California 2 years ago because I refuse to pay the taxes, and didn’t want to be stuck in an overly populated place with insane prices. I moved to Wyoming and while I recognize the local populations are smaller with little contact for me, I can’t even establish an online relationship with anyone. It’s always built of lies and deceit and efforts to scam me. I’ve since completed my doctorate, and made other huge accomplishments such as starting a new career that I never imagined I’d be capable, but I’m alone.
I just feel no relevance anymore. I woke up this morning and felt an overwhelming sadness about the fact I’m so hated for my work on law enforcement and my family who wants nothing to do with me because they are overly religious and upset for actions I was forced to take in my police career. I just wish I could be loved for me, and not hated because I am “a pig” or “a killer” and so forth. It’s getting really hard to just continue on.

I am one of Wikipedia's most active editors in the copyright area. I am also a fan of GradeAUnderA.
People on here are claiming that the Laughing Policeman is public domain in the United Kingdom because Charles Penrose died in 1952. Unfortunately, because his wife (who died in 1973) helped write the song, both the recording and the lyrics are still copyrighted in the United Kingdom for 70 years after her death. The copyright clock doesn't start ticking in the United Kingdom until after the LAST author of a work dies. If I have interpreted the law correctly, it doesn't enter the public domain there until 2044.
In the United States, the situation is different. Before the Trump administration, all sound recordings published before 1973 (regardless of date) were copyrighted until 2067, because copyright laws did not apply to sound recordings until then. Under Trump, all sound recordings published before 1923 lost their copyright status. The copyright term in America for pre-1978 sound recordings was changed to 100 years, as opposed to 95 years for all other published works. This means that although the lyrics entered the public domain in 1998 (Disney extended copyright terms for pre-1978 works from 75 to 95 years that year), the sound recording from 1926 that Grade uses is still copyrighted in America until 2027.
The fact that it is only a few seconds long does not mean that he can claim fair use. Public Domain alternatives are availablee.

# Today In Phishstory - April 25th Brought to you by tiph-bot. Beep.
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Phish

Phish, Monday 04/25/1994 (30 years ago) Civic Auditorium, Knoxville, TN, USA
Gap Chart, Tour: 1994 Spring Tour
Set 1 : The Landlady > Runaway Jim , Fee ¹ -> Foam , Down with Disease , Ginseng Sullivan ² , Dog Faced Boy ³ , Tela > Poor Heart > Split Open and Melt
Set 2 : The Curtain > Sample in a Jar , My Mind's Got a Mind of its Own > Run Like an Antelope , Mound , The Squirming Coil , Divided Sky , Bouncing Around the Room , Big Ball Jam > Big Black Furry Creature from Mars
Encore : Amazing Grace ⁴ , Bold As Love
1 Trey sang verses through megaphone. 2 Acoustic, without microphones. Fish on washboard. 3 Acoustic, without microphones. 4 Without microphones.
Jamchart Notes:
Runaway Jim - Blistering hot "Type I" version with superb playing by Fish and Trey.
Foam - > in from "Fee." Page's solo is dynamic, with both subtle and louder moments. Cool band-wide collective improvisation during Trey's solo, and a high-octane ending.
Split Open and Melt - Fantastic, improvisational version that expertly combines far-ranging exploration with captivating, spell-binding playing. Fish is incredible throughout, and the blistering conclusion is icing on the cake.
Run Like an Antelope - "Layla" teases, rhythmic gyrations, great staccato playing by Trey, and incredible Trey shredding for an intense peak.
Show Notes:
Trey sang the verses of Fee through a megaphone. Ginseng Sullivan and Dog Faced Boy were performed acoustic and, along with Amazing Grace, without microphones. Ginseng also featured Fish on washboard. Antelope contained several Layla teases.
Listen now at Phish.in!
Phish, Sunday 04/25/1993 (31 years ago) Kuhl Gym, SUNY Geneseo, Geneseo, NY, USA
Gap Chart, Tour: 1993 WinteSpring Tour
Set 1 : The Landlady , Possum , Bouncing Around the Room , It's Ice > Glide > Runaway Jim , Colonel Forbin's Ascent > Fly Famous Mockingbird ¹ , Maze , I Didn't Know ² , Golgi Apparatus
Set 2 : Wilson > The Curtain > Tweezer , Contact , Uncle Pen , Big Ball Jam , Mike's Song ³ > I Am Hydrogen > Weekapaug Groove , Fee > Tweezer Reprise
Encore : When Something is Wrong with My Baby , Carolina , Rocky Top
1 Narration referenced Tetris. 2 "Will the good lord save" and "will I dance on grave" quotes from Trey. Fish on Madonna washboard. 3 "Will the good lord save" and "will I dance on grave" quotes from Trey.
Jamchart Notes:
Runaway Jim - Demented. The jam, like a 95 "Reba", seems like an exercise in speed. Fish's play is remarkable, all technical terms seemingly applicable. Trey works his own sort of wizardry, and the version becomes like a "Stash", rife with tension and release.
Mike's Song - The song begins in a different and cool manner, while the 1st jam includes intense and rocking play with Trey ripping it up. The 2nd jam is gnarly, percussive stuff, and includes Trey screaming "Will the good lord save, will I dance on grave" before mellowing and becoming more melodic. A classic '93 "Mike's" which combines serious improvisation with a touch of the bizarre.
Weekapaug Groove - Good improvisational jamming right off the bat, then strong "Type I" jamming followed by quiet Page/Fish-led play. As Trey and Mike jump back in the mix, the energy builds dramatically, but the improvisation continues further before finally heading for home for a victory lap.
Show Notes:
Possum contained You Don't Love Me teases. The Mockingbird Narration referenced Tetris and contained several Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy teases as well as Star Trek theme teases from Page. I Didn't Know and Mike's Song contained "will the good lord save" and "will I dance on grave" quotes from Trey. I Didn't Know also featured Fish on Madonna washboard.
Listen now at Phish.in!
Phish, Saturday 04/25/1992 (32 years ago) Campus Rec Center, Olympia, WA, USA
Gap Chart, Tour: 1992 Spring Tour
Set 1 : Suzy Greenberg > My Friend, My Friend , Paul and Silas > Reba , Brother , Tela , Chalk Dust Torture , Bouncing Around the Room > Rift , Magilla > Run Like an Antelope ¹
Set 2 : Maze > Bathtub Gin , You Enjoy Myself > The Horse > Silent in the Morning , All Things Reconsidered , Dinner and a Movie , Harry Hood , Weigh > Cold as Ice > Terrapin > Cold as Ice , Poor Heart
Encore : Memories ² , Sweet Adeline ² , Cavern
1 Three Aw Fuck! signals. 2 Without microphones.
Jamchart Notes:
You Enjoy Myself - "Chariots of Fire" VJ.
Show Notes:
Prior to the start of the first set, Mike teased the "I'm Stuck on Band-Aid" jingle. Page dedicated Tela to "Amy" on her birthday. Magilla contained an Entrance of the Gladiators tease from Trey. Antelope contained three Aw Fuck! signals and a brief Tweezer Reprise tease by Mike. Trey teased Oye Como Va and Lazy in Maze. Mike teased Wedding March at the start of Bathtub Gin. Trey teased Jean Pierre in YEM. The YEM vocal jam was based on the instrumental theme to the movie Chariots of Fire . During Fish's band and crew introductions in Terrapin, Chris Kuroda was introduced as Tommy Lasorda. Memories and Adeline were performed without microphones.
Listen now at Phish.in!
Phish, Thursday 04/25/1991 (33 years ago) Field House, UNH, Durham, NH, USA
Gap Chart, Tour: 1991 WinteSpring Tour
Set 1 : Sweet Adeline , The Landlady , Runaway Jim , The Curtain > Cavern > Poor Heart > Reba , Llama , The Oh Kee Pa Ceremony > Suzy Greenberg > David Bowie
Set 2 : Buried Alive > My Sweet One > Mike's Song > I Am Hydrogen > Weekapaug Groove , Tela > Dinner and a Movie , Stash , Bouncing Around the Room > Divided Sky , Big Black Furry Creature from Mars
Encore : Take the 'A' Train > Highway to Hell
Show Notes:
Before Runaway Jim, Trey referenced Aquarium Rescue Unit and the string of shows that the two bands were, at the time, playing together. Subsequently, Bowie included Yield Not to Temptation (Col. Bruce Hampton & The Aquarium Rescue Unit) teases. Recordings that circulate with this date with a different list are mislabeled copies of November 2, 1989. The Aquarium Rescue Unit was the opening act.
Listen now at Phish.in!
Phish, Wednesday 04/25/1990 (34 years ago) The Clarke Memorial Fountain, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN, USA
Gap Chart, Tour: 1990 Tour
Set 1 : Sweet Adeline , Reba , Ya Mar , You Enjoy Myself , Esther , La Grange , Dinner and a Movie > Bouncing Around the Room > Mike's Song > I Am Hydrogen > Weekapaug Groove
Set 2 : If I Only Had a Brain , Divided Sky , My Sweet One , David Bowie
Encore : Contact
Show Notes:
Trey teased Stairway to Heaven in YEM. Mike's Song contained Heartbreaker teases from Mike.
Listen now at Phish.in!
Phish, Friday 04/25/1986 (38 years ago) University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
Gap Chart, Tour: Not Part of a Tour
Set 1 : AC/DC Bag > Dear Mrs. Reagan , Prep School Hippie , Quinn the Eskimo (The Mighty Quinn) -> Slave to the Traffic Light , Makisupa Policeman , Have Mercy , All Blues ¹ > Dog Log > Possum , You Enjoy Myself , Anarchy , Camel Walk -> Alumni Blues > Letter to Jimmy Page > Alumni Blues
1 First known Phish performance; approximately one minute long.
Show Notes:
This show was an Earth Day concert at UVM and took place outside the Bailey Howe Library on the Green. This performance previously circulated with the dates April 15 and April 29, 1986. Trey introduced the band as the "Bob Dylan Band" before they began a jam that led into a short All Blues (the first known Phish performance; it was only about a minute long). Dog Log was dedicated to all of the dogs that were running around, including Marley the Wonder Dog (Trey's dog). Possum included a Help on the Way tease.
Listen now at Phish.in!

John Fishman

Pork Tornado, 2001-04-25 The Bowery Ballroom, New York, NY, USA
Setlist: https://phish.net/setlists/jon-fishman-april-25-2001-the-bowery-ballroom-new-york-ny-usa.html
Tour: Fish - Pork Tornado Spring 2001
Show Notes:

Page McConnell

The Meter Men with Page McConnell, 2015-04-25 Joy Theater, New Orleans, LA, USA
Setlist: https://phish.net/setlists/page-mcconnell-april-25-2015-joy-theater-new-orleans-la-usa.html
Tour: Not Part of a Tour
Show Notes: Earphunk opened. This show took place during the first weekend of the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival.
The Meter Men with Page McConnell, 2014-04-25 Republic New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
Setlist: https://phish.net/setlists/page-mcconnell-april-25-2014-republic-new-orleans-new-orleans-la-usa.html
Tour: Not Part of a Tour
Show Notes:
Vida Blue, 2002-04-25 House of Blues, Myrtle Beach, SC, USA
Setlist: https://phish.net/setlists/page-mcconnell-april-25-2002-house-of-blues-myrtle-beach-sc-usa.html
Tour: Page - Vida Blue Spring 2002 Tour
Show Notes: The New Deal opened.

Other

Orchestra Baobab, 2004-04-25 Higher Ground, Winooski, VT, USA
Setlist: https://phish.net/setlists/guest-appearance-april-25-2004-higher-ground-winooski-vt-usa.html
Tour: Not Part of a Tour
Show Notes: Vorcza Trio opened. Trey sat in on guitar for the majority of the show. This gig marked the final performance at the Winooski location of Higher Ground.
The Vorcza Trio, 2004-04-25 Higher Ground, Winooski, VT, USA
Setlist: https://phish.net/setlists/guest-appearance-april-25-2004-higher-ground-winooski-vt-usa-2.html
Tour: Not Part of a Tour
Show Notes: Trey sat in on guitar for several songs during this set opening forOrchestra Baobab. There is no known setlist or circulating recording.
Jazz Mandolin Project, 1999-04-25 Tipitina's Uptown, New Orleans, LA, USA
Setlist: https://phish.net/setlists/guest-appearance-april-25-1999-tipitinas-uptown-new-orleans-la-usa.html
Tour: Not Part of a Tour
Show Notes: Fish sat in on conga for Tuang Guru. This show was a co-bill with Bela Fleck and the Flecktones.

Part 1 Part 3
The wooden boards covering the windows of my apartment were easily broken by the Jesus statue, as it effortlessly made its way into my apartment. I quickly got out of bed and grabbed my shotgun, that was already loaded and laying next to me. The statue advanced towards me, the hooks it had used to climb to my apartment on its hands. I pointed at it and shot. The statue flew back towards the wall, and I shot it again and again and again, until only pieces of it remained. I immediately had to change my pants afterwards. There is something in the absolute fear of facing death that throws your dignity out of the window.
So, I had survived the first attack. It would only get harder from then on, I thought, as the police officers put me inside their car. I didn’t even protest when they took my shotgun and apprehended me for reckless usage of firearms. Welp, telling them how statues of Jesus had been trying to kill me would result in them locking me in a place for mentally ill patients, which are usually full of Christ imagery. I wouldn’t live for much longer, anyway.
They locked me in a small individual cell in the back of the police station, and told me to sit tight for the next two days or so as my case was being processed. I didn’t have a lawyer, and I did not care enough to try to hire one at that point. It would be pointless. There was a small crucifix with a small Jesus on the corridor of my cell. It was a matter of time before that inanimate object became very animated and turned me into an inanimate object.
So, you must imagine how surprised I was when one of the officers told me my lawyer was there to see me. I informed her I did not have a lawyer, but the policewoman told me someone had probably hired him for me. I asked her if she wasn’t sure the lawyer wasn’t a Jesus statue in disguise, but she just laughed. Trembling, I went to the meeting room for my possible doom.
Luckily, the lawyer wasn’t a disguised Jesus, but a priest, who also happened to have a law license. Father Abraham Hudson (no, this is not his real name). He was an Englishman who seemed to be in his late fifties and yet on a great physical condition, and spoke perfect Spanish, with no English accent at all. While talking to him, I discovered the priest was also a polyglot and a scholar, he spoke French, Czech, Latin, Italian, Spanish, English, German, Portuguese and some basic Greek. Hudson told me the Vatican had been informed about my case, and had discreetly sent him to investigate and figure out a solution. The curse that had been affecting my family, he told me, was extremely rare, but not unheard of. There had been three other known cases in the past, and in one of them, they managed to almost break the curse, and he was the one leading that effort. He showed me a Polaroid picture, dated from 1991. It depicted the body of a teenage boy, full of fractured exposed bones and contorted limbs, being removed from the Seine River by the French police.
He then gave me a copy of the file he had written when he worked on that poor boy’s case in the 90s. I asked him if I could share it here, and he allowed me to, provided I change all names to fake ones. According to him, this file is the key to save my life.
“I’m writing this report to help us deal with future instances of this particular curse, should the need ever arise again. What we are dealing with is a terrible curse that eliminates entire lineages, and uses figures of our sacred faith for nefarious purposes. Before we proceed, I must say that we failed on protecting Philippe Desólé, and that our failure in doing so costed him his life. However, his sacrifice shall not be in vain, as the knowledge we acquired with his case will certainly help us deal with similar matters in the future.
The curse manifests in a simple yet dangerous way. Statues of certain saints come to life and attempt to murder members of certain bloodlines in any way they can, which are often very gruesome, before leaving a message written next to the body and seemingly vanishing. The statues can be of any size, and it appears that each statue has different abilities or strategies. These statues can still be destroyed, however, and there appears to be a cooldown between attacks from the possessed objects. If a attack fails, for any reason, be it destruction or containment of the attacker, this cooldown occurs. It can range from two days to a month, or years, in earlier stages of the curse.
Before we get to Philippe Desólé, we should discuss the reports about this curse that came before him, that I managed to locate in the Vatican confidential files. These were very old reports, and their states of conservation were far from ideal. The first instance occurred in the late 16th century, and there is not much detail, apart that it occurred in Portugal in the late 15th century, and resulted in the annihilation of a small village. I and other priests, several of them Portuguese, spent a lot of time looking for information about this one, but we couldn’t find anything. Probably the documents, if there ever were any, are long lost or destroyed.
The second known instance of the curse occurred in Prague during the early 17th century. The report simply says that a cardinal specialized in dealing with dark sorcery was dispatched from Rome to Prague to help deal with a curse that been terrorizing a family of bakers, involving statues of Jesus coming to life. We have a bit more information about this one, but I had to do a bit of in loco research. I went to Prague and spent several weeks in local libraries searching for information. The tale had become something like an old, forgotten legend. There were only a handful mentions, in very old books. The most recent was a book of kid’s fables published in 1914. I found, in total, four versions of the story. I analyzed all versions and attempted to find common elements, prioritizing the oldest versions, and hopefully I could get as close to the truth as possible by doing this.
The curse was inflicted upon the family of a baker called Pavlíček, from the neighborhood of Nové Město. The reasons for this are not well known, but I found mentions of sawdust bread being sold in his establishment, although it’s improbable someone would be cursed to such a harsh fate because of this. Pavlíček was found roasted in his own oven, and someone wrote on the bakery’s wall “fata haereticorum”, The Fate of Heretics. Notably, a notorious stone statue of Jesus that resided on the square next to his bakery disappeared, and eyewitnesses claimed they saw the statue entering the bakery around closing hours. It’s my personal theory that he could be a Protestant, which could be the reason for him being cursed, as Protestantism was on the rise during the time but was extremely rejected by the Habsburg Dynasty, but this is just a theory, a religious theory.
Regardless, Pavlíček was the first victim of the curse that time, but not the last. Pavlíček’s son took over his bakery. That is, until circa fifteen years later, when he was found dead on the bakery. Sources diverge on how exactly he was killed. Some say he was simply found strangled to death with a rosary inside his bakery, others that he was also quartered with a cleaver. Regardless, the new statue of Jesus, that was installed after the first one went missing, was also lost.
Then, the Pavlíčeks moved their bakery to another neighborhood, believing it was the location of their shop, and not the family itself, that was cursed. They moved their bakery to a the neighborhood of Staré Město, but the street they reportedly relocated to, podvodníkova cesta, seems to no longer exist, as I found no record of it.
There, the Pavlíčeks would find out that it wasn’t their old bakery that was cursed, but their family. Seven years after the previous murder, the widow of the last baker was found brutally murdered in a local church. The statue of Jesus was missing, and the poor woman had been nailed to the crucifix on the wall. One of my sources claim she had also been decapitated and her head exposed on the church’s altar, but the others do not confirm this information. What all sources do agree is that “fata haereticorum” had been carved on her chest. The statue of Jesus of that church was nowhere to be seen.
At this point, the family came to a local church and begged for help. People had been avoiding them, afraid of being cursed too, and their business was drowning in debt, as no one wanted to sell them wheat or meat, and no one wanted to buy anything from the cursed family. The archbishop asked the Vatican to send a specialist in curse-breaking, and the Vatican sent a cardinal. Although nothing else is confirmed, there is indeed a letter in the Vatican files from the archbishop of Prague requesting help to deal with a curse of statues afflicting a family, so even if we can’t verify the veracity of most of the history, we do know at least the call for help existed.
Now, the end of the story gets messy, and we do not know with certainty what happened. The newest sources claim that the Vatican priest was able save the family, spending seven days and seven nights in a exorcism ritual, that costed him an eye. No other members of the family perished by the hand of a Jesus statue, but they were so traumatized by all the events that they decided to leave town, and no one saw any of them ever since. In my personal opinion, this ending is probably untruthful, as I’m certain that the cardinal would write a detailed report if he had indeed lost an eye in an exorcism. Aggression against priests during exorcism rites is somewhat common, but almost never to such an extent.
The end of the Pavlíčeks, according to the older sources, was a bit more tragic. Even before the cardinal arrived in Prague, another statue of Jesus came to life and brutally murdered another member of the Pavlíček, this time by defenestration. The population then decided that the Pavlíčeks were not only cursed, but they were infecting the city with evil, and then they lynched the family and burned their house and bakery down. Sadly, I think this is way more probable, and the reason that the Vatican has no further reports about this case, I reflect, it’s because there was no one left there to save, as the Pavlíčeks had all been murdered.
In the case of Philippe Desólé, I was able to observe the case in person. The whole reason I spent weeks in Prague was because I wanted to save him by studying the previous iterations of the curse. However, even if I wasn’t able to save him, I have reason to believe I was very, very close to doing so.
Desólé’s ancestor, Jean-Michel Desólé, was one of the top lieutenants of Jean-Baptiste Carrier during the height of the Reign of Terror of the French Revolution. He was personally responsible for rounding up catholic priests and nuns, and anyone suspected of aiding the pro-monarchist Vendée Insurrection, or even related to anyone who rebelled. These people were subsequently either drowned en masse in the Loire River, shot or guillotined. Reportedly, Jean-Michel and his men also committed extremely deplorable sins against the the female prisoners. After the fall of Robespierre, Jean-Michel Desólé was tried along with Carrier for war crimes, and guillotined. Fearing reprisals, his family moved away from France and only returned during the last years of the reign of Napoleon. Apparently, one of the reasons that made them move back to Paris was when, around 1813, one of their family members was found brutally murdered in the city they were currently living, but I wasn’t able to find many details about this death.
Then, in 1821, another member of the Desólés was found dead. In this case, I was able to locate the original report in the files of the Police Prefecture of Paris. Clotilde Marie Desólé, daughter of Jean-Michel Desólé, was working by selling flowers on the street, when was stabbed to death by a person that was reportedly disguised as the Blessed Virgin Mary. This aggressor wrote “iustitia pro Vendée” using Clotilde Marie’s blood, before jumping into the Seine River and disappearing. Eyewitnesses were so shocked and scared they didn’t do anything, probably suffering from some form of Bystander Effect.
In 1826, another member of the Desólé family was killed by a person reportedly disguised as the Blessed Virgin Mary in a lavender field in southern France, although this time I wasn’t able to find the cause of death and where it took place exactly.
Then, the timespan kept getting shorter. In 1828, another Desólé was found dead, this time drowned in a puddle after a night of heavy rain. Iustitia pro Vendée had been written with chalk on the door of his house.
And in 1829, another death occurred, when Marinette Desólé was murdered by a person dressed as the Blessed Virgin Mary, who killed her with it’s bare hands by breaking her neck. However, this time a policeman, called François Delacroix, was there. The officer went after the murderer, but to his shock, when he hit it with his baton, he discovered he had hit a statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary, that was moving like it was alive. The statue ran away, and Delacroix chased it, but when the statue turned into a corner, it disappeared. Delacroix wrote a detailed report to the Paris Police Prefecture, but he was deemed insane and his license was revoked.
In 1832, three more deaths had occurred, one of them extremely brutal, involving two of the Desólés being dismembered and then sewn back together in a single horrendous human corpse. The police tried to investigate the case to no avail. But it appears that Delacroix decided to conduct his own independent investigation. Most of the information concerning Jean-Michel Desólé had been lost after an angry mob invaded the National Convention and either stole or burned the files concerning the Desólés trial in the Insurrection of 12 Germinal, in 1795. The information that I gathered about Desólé being a top lieutenant of Carrier and participating in the atrocities of Vendée was actually uncovered by Delacroix after he interviewed people that had lived through these tumultuous times. The fact is that the Desólé family, which was very large, as Jean-Michel had thirteen children, and each of these children would end up having at least one child, did not know the involvement of their ancestor with the Reign of Terror. This information had been hidden by the late wife of Jean-Michel Desólé, who was also probably the first victim of the curse.
Then, Delacroix, who over the course of his investigation involved himself romantically with a member of the Desólé family, and feared that he was himself now a possible victim, sent letters to the church asking for help. The church sent an Italian exorcist, who Delacroix simply identifies as Father Giuseppe, to aid in solving the curse.
After several failed exorcism attempts, and four more violent deaths, Father Giuseppe found a way to save the family. Once a year, the family would have to visit the place where the victims of their despicable ancestor had been laid to rest, and apologize. They managed to get there and do so, but during this voyage, the curse struck as never before, and five family members were killed in the span of a week. After the apology, however, the murders stopped. Delacroix himself was murdered, but his now widow kept his diary. It was stored in the Desólé’s cellar.
Fast forwarding to the 1970s, for some reason, the Desólés stopped doing the ritual of visiting the Loire River. Most of the information in this part comes from interviews I conducted with Philippe Desólé. Maybe after the May 68 protests the family decided that it was an outdated tradition derived from a forgotten legend. Regardless, when I discovered how to stop the curse, Philippe was already dead.
In 1977, Jeanne Desólé, the grandmother of Philippe, was found hanging from her ceiling. She had been brutally mutilated, and the statue wrote “Iustitia pro Vendée” on the floor among her remains.
Then, on 1985, Maurice Desólé, the father of Philippe, was found frozen to death. He had been put inside the family’s freezer, and the door had been chained. The phrase “Iustitia pro Vendée” had been written with chalk on the freezer.
And in 1989, Christine Desólé, mother of Philippe, was found headless in her bed. The phrase “Iustitia pro Vendée” had been written with her blood on the wall above her bed.
Until that point, Philippe and the police were treating the case as some kind of murderous cult or serial-killer. The case of Issei Sagawa was still fresh in the mind of the Parisians. When Philippe barely survived an attack by a small wooden figure of the Blessed Virgin Mary, he came to the church for help.
At the time, I was studying unrelated subjects in the Catholic Institute of Paris, and one of my superiors sent me to help Desólé. We put inside our most secure room in the basement of one of our churches near Paris, that was used as a stronghold during the Middle Ages, and I personally hired a security team to protect him while we looked for a way to save him from the curse. But I must say, that I made a grave mistake, and utterly failed in assisting Philippe. I went to Portugal and then to Prague, and spent months looking for ways to save him by looking into the past. I focused so much in the past that I did not see what was right in front of me all along. After spending two months, surviving attacks from crazed statues of the Blessed Virgin Mary, including some very close calls, Philippe decided to head back home and die in dignity. He had given me a key to his house, so I could search it for clues. But I didn’t. I believed that his family would hardly have something which could help me. And when I came back and finally looked around his house and found the diary, he had already been murdered.
As I finished reading the report, I looked at father Abraham Hudson, and thanked him. I now knew what I had to do, and where I had to go. I just needed to wait two more days now, and I would be free to do it.

///Part 1
The wooden boards covering the windows of my apartment were easily broken by the Jesus statue, as it effortlessly made its way into my apartment. I quickly got out of bed and grabbed my shotgun, that was already loaded and laying next to me. The statue advanced towards me, the hooks it had used to climb to my apartment on its hands. I pointed at it and shot. The statue flew back towards the wall, and I shot it again and again and again, until only pieces of it remained. I immediately had to change my pants afterwards. There is something in the absolute fear of facing death that throws your dignity out of the window.
So, I had survived the first attack. It would only get harder from then on, I thought, as the police officers put me inside their car. I didn’t even protest when they took my shotgun and apprehended me for reckless usage of firearms. Welp, telling them how statues of Jesus had been trying to kill me would result in them locking me in a place for mentally ill patients, which are usually full of Christ imagery. I wouldn’t live for much longer, anyway.
They locked me in a small individual cell in the back of the police station, and told me to sit tight for the next two days or so as my case was being processed. I didn’t have a lawyer, and I did not care enough to try to hire one at that point. It would be pointless. There was a small crucifix with a small Jesus on the corridor of my cell. It was a matter of time before that inanimate object became very animated and turned me into an inanimate object.
So, you must imagine how surprised I was when one of the officers told me my lawyer was there to see me. I informed her I did not have a lawyer, but the policewoman told me someone had probably hired him for me. I asked her if she wasn’t sure the lawyer wasn’t a Jesus statue in disguise, but she just laughed. Trembling, I went to the meeting room for my possible doom.
Luckily, the lawyer wasn’t a disguised Jesus, but a priest, who also happened to have a law license. Father Abraham Hudson (no, this is not his real name). He was an Englishman who seemed to be in his late fifties and yet on a great physical condition, and spoke perfect Spanish, with no English accent at all. While talking to him, I discovered the priest was also a polyglot and a scholar, he spoke French, Czech, Latin, Italian, Spanish, English, German, Portuguese and some basic Greek. Hudson told me the Vatican had been informed about my case, and had discreetly sent him to investigate and figure out a solution. The curse that had been affecting my family, he told me, was extremely rare, but not unheard of. There had been three other known cases in the past, and in one of them, they managed to almost break the curse, and he was the one leading that effort. He showed me a Polaroid picture, dated from 1991. It depicted the body of a teenage boy, full of fractured exposed bones and contorted limbs, being removed from the Seine River by the French police.
He then gave me a copy of the file he had written when he worked on that poor boy’s case in the 90s. I asked him if I could share it here, and he allowed me to, provided I change all names to fake ones. According to him, this file is the key to save my life.
“I’m writing this report to help us deal with future instances of this particular curse, should the need ever arise again. What we are dealing with is a terrible curse that eliminates entire lineages, and uses figures of our sacred faith for nefarious purposes. Before we proceed, I must say that we failed on protecting Philippe Desólé, and that our failure in doing so costed him his life. However, his sacrifice shall not be in vain, as the knowledge we acquired with his case will certainly help us deal with similar matters in the future.
The curse manifests in a simple yet dangerous way. Statues of certain saints come to life and attempt to murder members of certain bloodlines in any way they can, which are often very gruesome, before leaving a message written next to the body and seemingly vanishing. The statues can be of any size, and it appears that each statue has different abilities or strategies. These statues can still be destroyed, however, and there appears to be a cooldown between attacks from the possessed objects. If a attack fails, for any reason, be it destruction or containment of the attacker, this cooldown occurs. It can range from two days to a month, or years, in earlier stages of the curse.
Before we get to Philippe Desólé, we should discuss the reports about this curse that came before him, that I managed to locate in the Vatican confidential files. These were very old reports, and their states of conservation were far from ideal. The first instance occurred in the late 16th century, and there is not much detail, apart that it occurred in Portugal in the late 15th century, and resulted in the annihilation of a small village. I and other priests, several of them Portuguese, spent a lot of time looking for information about this one, but we couldn’t find anything. Probably the documents, if there ever were any, are long lost or destroyed.
The second known instance of the curse occurred in Prague during the early 17th century. The report simply says that a cardinal specialized in dealing with dark sorcery was dispatched from Rome to Prague to help deal with a curse that been terrorizing a family of bakers, involving statues of Jesus coming to life. We have a bit more information about this one, but I had to do a bit of in loco research. I went to Prague and spent several weeks in local libraries searching for information. The tale had become something like an old, forgotten legend. There were only a handful mentions, in very old books. The most recent was a book of kid’s fables published in 1914. I found, in total, four versions of the story. I analyzed all versions and attempted to find common elements, prioritizing the oldest versions, and hopefully I could get as close to the truth as possible by doing this.
The curse was inflicted upon the family of a baker called Pavlíček, from the neighborhood of Nové Město. The reasons for this are not well known, but I found mentions of sawdust bread being sold in his establishment, although it’s improbable someone would be cursed to such a harsh fate because of this. Pavlíček was found roasted in his own oven, and someone wrote on the bakery’s wall “fata haereticorum”, The Fate of Heretics. Notably, a notorious stone statue of Jesus that resided on the square next to his bakery disappeared, and eyewitnesses claimed they saw the statue entering the bakery around closing hours. It’s my personal theory that he could be a Protestant, which could be the reason for him being cursed, as Protestantism was on the rise during the time but was extremely rejected by the Habsburg Dynasty, but this is just a theory, a religious theory.
Regardless, Pavlíček was the first victim of the curse that time, but not the last. Pavlíček’s son took over his bakery. That is, until circa fifteen years later, when he was found dead on the bakery. Sources diverge on how exactly he was killed. Some say he was simply found strangled to death with a rosary inside his bakery, others that he was also quartered with a cleaver. Regardless, the new statue of Jesus, that was installed after the first one went missing, was also lost.
Then, the Pavlíčeks moved their bakery to another neighborhood, believing it was the location of their shop, and not the family itself, that was cursed. They moved their bakery to a the neighborhood of Staré Město, but the street they reportedly relocated to, podvodníkova cesta, seems to no longer exist, as I found no record of it.
There, the Pavlíčeks would find out that it wasn’t their old bakery that was cursed, but their family. Seven years after the previous murder, the widow of the last baker was found brutally murdered in a local church. The statue of Jesus was missing, and the poor woman had been nailed to the crucifix on the wall. One of my sources claim she had also been decapitated and her head exposed on the church’s altar, but the others do not confirm this information. What all sources do agree is that “fata haereticorum” had been carved on her chest. The statue of Jesus of that church was nowhere to be seen.
At this point, the family came to a local church and begged for help. People had been avoiding them, afraid of being cursed too, and their business was drowning in debt, as no one wanted to sell them wheat or meat, and no one wanted to buy anything from the cursed family. The archbishop asked the Vatican to send a specialist in curse-breaking, and the Vatican sent a cardinal. Although nothing else is confirmed, there is indeed a letter in the Vatican files from the archbishop of Prague requesting help to deal with a curse of statues afflicting a family, so even if we can’t verify the veracity of most of the history, we do know at least the call for help existed.
Now, the end of the story gets messy, and we do not know with certainty what happened. The newest sources claim that the Vatican priest was able save the family, spending seven days and seven nights in a exorcism ritual, that costed him an eye. No other members of the family perished by the hand of a Jesus statue, but they were so traumatized by all the events that they decided to leave town, and no one saw any of them ever since. In my personal opinion, this ending is probably untruthful, as I’m certain that the cardinal would write a detailed report if he had indeed lost an eye in an exorcism. Aggression against priests during exorcism rites is somewhat common, but almost never to such an extent.
The end of the Pavlíčeks, according to the older sources, was a bit more tragic. Even before the cardinal arrived in Prague, another statue of Jesus came to life and brutally murdered another member of the Pavlíček, this time by defenestration. The population then decided that the Pavlíčeks were not only cursed, but they were infecting the city with evil, and then they lynched the family and burned their house and bakery down. Sadly, I think this is way more probable, and the reason that the Vatican has no further reports about this case, I reflect, it’s because there was no one left there to save, as the Pavlíčeks had all been murdered.
In the case of Philippe Desólé, I was able to observe the case in person. The whole reason I spent weeks in Prague was because I wanted to save him by studying the previous iterations of the curse. However, even if I wasn’t able to save him, I have reason to believe I was very, very close to doing so.
Desólé’s ancestor, Jean-Michel Desólé, was one of the top lieutenants of Jean-Baptiste Carrier during the height of the Reign of Terror of the French Revolution. He was personally responsible for rounding up catholic priests and nuns, and anyone suspected of aiding the pro-monarchist Vendée Insurrection, or even related to anyone who rebelled. These people were subsequently either drowned en masse in the Loire River, shot or guillotined. Reportedly, Jean-Michel and his men also committed extremely deplorable sins against the the female prisoners. After the fall of Robespierre, Jean-Michel Desólé was tried along with Carrier for war crimes, and guillotined. Fearing reprisals, his family moved away from France and only returned during the last years of the reign of Napoleon. Apparently, one of the reasons that made them move back to Paris was when, around 1813, one of their family members was found brutally murdered in the city they were currently living, but I wasn’t able to find many details about this death.
Then, in 1821, another member of the Desólés was found dead. In this case, I was able to locate the original report in the files of the Police Prefecture of Paris. Clotilde Marie Desólé, daughter of Jean-Michel Desólé, was working by selling flowers on the street, when was stabbed to death by a person that was reportedly disguised as the Blessed Virgin Mary. This aggressor wrote “iustitia pro Vendée” using Clotilde Marie’s blood, before jumping into the Seine River and disappearing. Eyewitnesses were so shocked and scared they didn’t do anything, probably suffering from some form of Bystander Effect.
In 1826, another member of the Desólé family was killed by a person reportedly disguised as the Blessed Virgin Mary in a lavender field in southern France, although this time I wasn’t able to find the cause of death and where it took place exactly.
Then, the timespan kept getting shorter. In 1828, another Desólé was found dead, this time drowned in a puddle after a night of heavy rain. Iustitia pro Vendée had been written with chalk on the door of his house.
And in 1829, another death occurred, when Marinette Desólé was murdered by a person dressed as the Blessed Virgin Mary, who killed her with it’s bare hands by breaking her neck. However, this time a policeman, called François Delacroix, was there. The officer went after the murderer, but to his shock, when he hit it with his baton, he discovered he had hit a statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary, that was moving like it was alive. The statue ran away, and Delacroix chased it, but when the statue turned into a corner, it disappeared. Delacroix wrote a detailed report to the Paris Police Prefecture, but he was deemed insane and his license was revoked.
In 1832, three more deaths had occurred, one of them extremely brutal, involving two of the Desólés being dismembered and then sewn back together in a single horrendous human corpse. The police tried to investigate the case to no avail. But it appears that Delacroix decided to conduct his own independent investigation. Most of the information concerning Jean-Michel Desólé had been lost after an angry mob invaded the National Convention and either stole or burned the files concerning the Desólés trial in the Insurrection of 12 Germinal, in 1795. The information that I gathered about Desólé being a top lieutenant of Carrier and participating in the atrocities of Vendée was actually uncovered by Delacroix after he interviewed people that had lived through these tumultuous times. The fact is that the Desólé family, which was very large, as Jean-Michel had thirteen children, and each of these children would end up having at least one child, did not know the involvement of their ancestor with the Reign of Terror. This information had been hidden by the late wife of Jean-Michel Desólé, who was also probably the first victim of the curse.
Then, Delacroix, who over the course of his investigation involved himself romantically with a member of the Desólé family, and feared that he was himself now a possible victim, sent letters to the church asking for help. The church sent an Italian exorcist, who Delacroix simply identifies as Father Giuseppe, to aid in solving the curse.
After several failed exorcism attempts, and four more violent deaths, Father Giuseppe found a way to save the family. Once a year, the family would have to visit the place where the victims of their despicable ancestor had been laid to rest, and apologize. They managed to get there and do so, but during this voyage, the curse struck as never before, and five family members were killed in the span of a week. After the apology, however, the murders stopped. Delacroix himself was murdered, but his now widow kept his diary. It was stored in the Desólé’s cellar.
Fast forwarding to the 1970s, for some reason, the Desólés stopped doing the ritual of visiting the Loire River. Most of the information in this part comes from interviews I conducted with Philippe Desólé. Maybe after the May 68 protests the family decided that it was an outdated tradition derived from a forgotten legend. Regardless, when I discovered how to stop the curse, Philippe was already dead.
In 1977, Jeanne Desólé, the grandmother of Philippe, was found hanging from her ceiling. She had been brutally mutilated, and the statue wrote “Iustitia pro Vendée” on the floor among her remains.
Then, on 1985, Maurice Desólé, the father of Philippe, was found frozen to death. He had been put inside the family’s freezer, and the door had been chained. The phrase “Iustitia pro Vendée” had been written with chalk on the freezer.
And in 1989, Christine Desólé, mother of Philippe, was found headless in her bed. The phrase “Iustitia pro Vendée” had been written with her blood on the wall above her bed.
Until that point, Philippe and the police were treating the case as some kind of murderous cult or serial-killer. The case of Issei Sagawa was still fresh in the mind of the Parisians. When Philippe barely survived an attack by a small wooden figure of the Blessed Virgin Mary, he came to the church for help.
At the time, I was studying unrelated subjects in the Catholic Institute of Paris, and one of my superiors sent me to help Desólé. We put inside our most secure room in the basement of one of our churches near Paris, that was used as a stronghold during the Middle Ages, and I personally hired a security team to protect him while we looked for a way to save him from the curse. But I must say, that I made a grave mistake, and utterly failed in assisting Philippe. I went to Portugal and then to Prague, and spent months looking for ways to save him by looking into the past. I focused so much in the past that I did not see what was right in front of me all along. After spending two months, surviving attacks from crazed statues of the Blessed Virgin Mary, including some very close calls, Philippe decided to head back home and die in dignity. He had given me a key to his house, so I could search it for clues. But I didn’t. I believed that his family would hardly have something which could help me. And when I came back and finally looked around his house and found the diary, he had already been murdered.
As I finished reading the report, I looked at father Abraham Hudson, and thanked him. I now knew what I had to do, and where I had to go. I just needed to wait two more days now, and I would be free to do it.
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Serious episode in the Municipality of Capriglia Irpina where some dogs, including two Pitbulls, attacked and killed a Pony horse.
This was made known directly by the mayor of the Irpinia municipality, Nunziante Picariello: "One of the Pitbulls captured by the veterinary service was without a microchip and therefore should be considered a "STRAY". We don't want to talk about what could have happened which fortunately didn't happen. Conclusion the dog admitted to the kennel with a daily cost for the municipality of around 4.00 euros and compensation for damages to the owner of the horse to whom all our solidarity goes."
A fact that creates even more alarm due to the serious national news events of these hours, with the tragic death of a 13-month-old child bitten and killed by two pit bulls in Eboli, while the child's mother and uncle try in vain to remove the animals.
At the same time, the mayor sent a letter to the ASL, Veterinary Service, to the Carabinieri Station responsible for Montefredane and to the Police Headquarters to reiterate the request for microchipping of canine species present in the municipal territory: "Following the note from this Municipality, dated 14.07.2023 of the same subject sent to the ASL offices at address it is stated that this body is still waiting for the processing of the same - writes Picariello - In light of the continuous reports from citizens regarding groups of dogs circulating in the municipal territory and of the serious events that occurred yesterday, well known to these ASL offices, Ai renews the request already made with the aforementioned note dated 07.14.2023 which is attached for any good purpose.
This request is also reiterated because the writer is of the belief that dogs that wandering around the city streets are private property which is denied on occasion. In offering cordial greetings, we await a prompt response also because the only traffic policeman on duty in this municipality can only take the measures provided for by laws and regulations by checking the holder of the microchip".
And in fact for some time the residents of Capriglia have reported that they have been chased several times by groups of dogs, so much so that they are now afraid of leaving the house, especially in the evening hours, and even more so if they own domestic animals.
Article Link: https://www.anteprima24.it/avellino/pitbull-uccidono-cavallo-pony-allarme-in-un-comune-irpino/

I (f) honestly have no idea how to phrase it, but I am going to be straight up about it. I was talking to a guy who ended up being a police officer. I would never ever date someone from the police where I am from (Europe), since we have a problem with police brutality and also statistics show that a good amount of policeman tend to domestic violence. This guy isn’t that important to me but I ended up realising I have no idea how the situation is here in China and how policemen are generally perceived. I would be grateful for your opinions.