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Wehr Battlegroup And DLC Ideas

2024.05.14 21:23 Gambit-Accepted Wehr Battlegroup And DLC Ideas

Wehr Battlegroup And DLC Ideas
Continuing this series on Battlegroup ideas, today is Wehr. Here are my DAK Ideas. To reiterate, I wanted to make these ideas thematic, different from existing battlegroups, unique and mostly historically accurate. Here I use the units that are already in the game files and propose how they could be implemented in an interesting way. Relic seem to have developed several bunker types which they intend to use, so when designing my battlegroups, I did it in a way where these bunker types were used but didn’t make the battlegroup Italian Coastal 2.0, rather fed into a larger idea. I introduce and expand a number of mechanics I have discussed in my other threads:
https://preview.redd.it/5pxs8daqzf0d1.png?width=1281&format=png&auto=webp&s=62517c6b48c79fe9ea3cdf8a8794e81cb8fd7ecb
Central Idea: All in prevention, counter attack. Your opponent would have a hard time overwhelming you in one all in push. The left side of the tree consists of mostly callins and quick dispatch units for handling flanks quickly, the right side is more logistics themed with multiple reactionary abilities.
BMW R75: Not a lot to say here, similar to the DAK bike except with an MG 42. It could be made to have no reverse, like the Coh1 bike, that was a fun mechanic.
4-Man Pios: Again, self-explanatory.
Sd. Kfz. 251 Variants: This gives you access to other 251 variants, either by upgrading the 251 directly or by calling them in. I’ve chosen these 2 versions that I feel open up a lot more strategies, Mortar HT and Luft tier would be quite good, that tier lacks indirect. Pakwagen Panzer Gren tier would also be strong, as that tier lacks mobile AT. The ATHT would have the same AT performance as the Marder, but would have less HP and no lockdown ability.
Panzer III H: As a unit to add to Wehr’s roster, this makes a lot of sense on many levels. In terms of performance, this would be closer to the Crusader medium tank. In terms of the timing, it would arrive at the same time as the Stug and the Wirbel, but unlike both of those specialists, this would be a generalist for that timing.
Temporary Armour Assignment: This is exactly like the mechanic I described in my DAK designs. How it works is that this munitions only ability is used and a Stug, P4 pair arrive from off map. Neither unit requires fuel, manpower, upkeep or population. They benefit from all the upgrades that affect the normal version, ie vet and armoured skirts. You have direct control over them but after a set period of time, they will turn to AI control and leave. This makes them really good as a reactionary ability (your opponent is doing an all in) or as your own all-in, especially if you’re already maxed out on population. You’re especially incentivised to make risky plays with them as armour preservation is not so important. The number of use cases for this ability are so numerous that I won’t explain it anymore, it should be obvious how strong this is. I think to balance this out, it needs a heavy munitions cost and a long recharge timer.
AI Temporary Elephant Assignment: One of the questions I’ve been asking myself since Coh3 came out is how do you add heavy tanks to the game in such a way that it’s not frustrating to play against and doesn’t break it. Given that the game is set so much earlier in the war and a number of the factions don’t have ready access to tank destroyers like the SU-85 and the Jackson, you can’t simply throw in the Elephant and hope for the best. To be completely explicit, I don’t see how the US with their current roster are expected to deal with a Coh2 style heavy tank destroyer. However, in Halo Wars 2 Blitz game mode, how it works is that you can call in a Scarab and its an incredibly strong unit but after a certain period of time, it spontaneously explodes and the game returns to normal. Why wouldn’t something similar work for Coh3? The risk reward calculus of using it would be; can you get enough damage done in the period available to justify the expenditure? There are a few ways that this could be implemented, you could, for instance, give the player direct control over the Elephant but I’m in favour of doing this slightly differently. Like the Infantry Assault ability for the US Advanced Infantry Doc, I think this should be AI controlled, should be on attack move and should be targeted on a position. After the timer, the unit would drive off map. This way you get the power fantasy of using a heavy tank without the game breaking potential of a heavy tank camping for the entire game between 2 VPs and zoning out all tanks. The reason I prefer this method of implementation is 2 fold; the first is that counterplay is much simpler, you just avoid the area and wait for it to time out. The second is that it has that appeal of being somewhat like a mini campaign mission within the game, you have to defend the tank with your forces as it advances. Your opponent would be easily able to flank it if its on it’s own, but when you support it yourself its more potent. The one exception to this AI control that perhaps should be considered is allowing the player to control the tageting directly, You wouldn’t want the Elephant to shoot at some random infantry while your opponent moves double Archers into position. In terms of relative strength of the abilty, I think if it was implemented in this fashion, the Elephant ability wouldn’t be that strong. I feel direct control over a P4 and a Stug is much stronger than an AI controlled Elephant. To me this is the best way of getting heavy tanks into the game.
Logistics Field Officer: The right side of the tree very much has a logistics theme to it, starting with the officer. The Resource Priority ability works well with a variety of units, one could see this being handy in a situation where you want to increase the ROF of an MG, Mortar or Pak being extremely useful. Situations where you want to increase the ROF on a tank to help it win the engagement would also be strong. Speeding up the recharge on a Nebelwerfer would also be a common use. Source Replacements I could also see being a heavily used ability, either on the field or in base. Finally, given this battlegroup is munitions intensive, the Supervise Resource Extraction ability will allow you to increase your income like a cache does. You could even have some rush strat builds involving the officer, but unlike caches and trucks, the unit can be repurposed to do other things afterwards.
Panzerschreck Trailer: This is another type of trailer unit. I’ve talked about trailer units a few times in my other posts, but here is the rundown: My thinking with this is that its a brand new unit type, which loosely can be defined as a support weapon. How it works is that infantry squads can crew it, push it around, vehicles can tow it, etc. When in a position, it provides an aura which in this case recharges nearby snares faster. However, the unit shouldn't require pop cap and moreover, you can actually manually decrew it and it will still provide you the benefits. So for example, let's say it spawns in your base and you want to setup a strong point, you can crew it with a squad, wheel it over to a house near the frontline and then decrew it. Units within its vicinity would still be benefiting from the aura. When you want to move it, recrew it again, or tow it, to a new location. The beauty of this dynamic is that your opponents can steal these units from you like an ATG, so while they don't take up popcap and would be relatively cheap (say 100 to 150 manpower), you're still incentivised to protect them. You can also attack move them with AT guns etc, would be interesting to play around it. I think it would make for a fun dynamic, but would need to be coded from scratch. It also indirectly makes tow yet more useful. With this trailer specifically, it’s aura will recharge nearby snares faster, however squads can also collect a Panzerschrek from the trailer for a munitions cost. This Panzerschrek is timed, so after a duration the squad will drop it. This is going to really strong in situations where your opponent is doing an all in dive with light vehicles and/or tanks and you need to bolster your AT immediately to hold on. Picking up these Panzerschreks is not cheap, but it makes it much harder for your opponent to dive you and also allows you to go for low AT builds with this trailer as the backup. The way I see this until being used is wheeling it behind a hedge or building near your cutoff and running over to grab a Panzerschrek if its needed. Let’s say your opponent does a double M8 dive, your 2 Grens and a Panzergren pick up 3 schreks between them and your opponent is basically able to do nothing but wait for them to time out. This could buy you enough time to reach T4 or whatever else you were doing. It’s a tool that adds a lot of flexibility to your composition, but remember if you get forced off, your opponent can just steal it and then its your problem!
Weapon Stores: This gives your pios the ability to build Riegel mines but also Weapon Supply Bunkers. Now, the bunker has a straight forward aura that increases ROF of infantry and their grenade recharge times, but it also has another more expansive mechanic of temporary weapon upgrades. I’ve talked about this mechanic at great length in my Luftwaffe Field Division faction design, where the faction essentially revolves around that mechanic, but here I use a simplified version for a Wehr battlegroup. The TLDR is that infantry squads can pick up weapon packages from the bunker to either augment their current DPS or completely change the role of the squad for a short period. For instance, Jagers can pick up Beretta 38s to transform the squad from a mostly mid range unit, to a short range one. Grens can pick up G43s to improve their mid to long range performance and Pios can pick up an MG34. All the options are avialable to you. However, the upgrades are not timed, but depletable. This means that if the squad is not in combat, the upgrade duration doesn’t tick. You have to be in combat to expend the upgrade. The situations where something like this would come in useful are numerous, but to name a few; giving all your grens weapons at any point in the game, augmenting your jagers with MG34s, giving Stosstruppen Berettas so they become a close range powerhouse, or even double MGs. Relative to normal weapon upgrades, these upgrades are inefficient, but for rush strats they can be strong, as well as augmenting your units in the lategame with the extra munitions you have in the bank.
HE Shell Delivery: Improves the splash and anti infantry power of all your vehicles at the cost of penetration. This could be somewhat tricky to use, as your opponent will become aware of its activation immediately and will come in with their vehicles. But situations where your opponent has dug in with ATGs and AT infantry, this ability will be devastating.
https://preview.redd.it/n3ou7kaxzf0d1.png?width=1208&format=png&auto=webp&s=5bc267deaae4b64ba1bb97c294b92a5056835443
Central Idea: Team weapon play, heavy fire power and artillery. Good for just battering your opponents head on.
SD-2 Line Drop: This is similar to the equivalent ability in Coh1, however the big difference is that you can customise the area where the mines will fall. For instance, you could do a relatively small field on a VP for 50 munitions, or you could do a large line of mines to completely block off a flank with mines. This flexibility allows you to employ the ability in a number of situations and adds some nuance to its employment. It terms of how this would work in game, I feel click and drag would be sufficient, the munitions cost being visible on the cursor. In the context of this battlegroup, it can block off the flanks of your team weapons.
Pre-Sighted Terrain: This feeds into that team weapon focused gameplay, having extra range on your Paks and MGs in an area is going to be really strong. You could even use it with Mortars and Nebels for an extra long range barrage.
7.5cm Flak 264/3(i) AA/AT: The Flak 264/3 is an Italian medium AA piece that fits into what I will refer to as the ‘premium anti tank gun’ category. Similar to how the MG42 and DSKH were premium MGs, this ATG will be better than your standard ATG, at a higher price point. On the scale of ATGs, this will lie between the Pak 40 and the Flak 36 in terms of raw firepower. The damage should be exactly as the Pak 40, however it should also benefit from 10 more range and also the ability to shoot down air. The drawback however is that it should be relatively slow to move, like a Pak 40 in camoflage mode. For small adjustments, this should be fine, but to move it across the map, it would be easier with a tow vehicle. This means there are tradeoffs with this option relative to the Pak 40, the situations where the Flak 264/3 would be better is when you don’t want to invest in a wirbel but still want AA on demand when you need it (2 of these should take down planes pretty quickly), or situations where you’re camping 2 VPs and don’t expect to have to move around much, allowing you to utilise the greater range. Paks are going to be better when you need to move around a lot and expect your opponent to invest in indirect fire.
Flakvierling 38: This gun is exactly as on the Wirbelwind, except it’s a team weapon. Relative to the Flak 30, this would have the advantage of suppression and probably better anti infantry performance. Perhaps starting with the same stats as the DAK Flak halftrack and going from there would be a good place to start.
28cm K5(E) Barrage: Heavy railway barrage, not much to say here.
7.5 cm IG 37: This is essentially work like the LeIG for DAK, it’s a later version of the same concept. Wehr don’t have anything like the Heavy Mortar equivalent and this would be it. This would be handy if you wanted to go Luft tier or tier 4 without having to tech to get Nebels.
Springer Remote Controlled Bombs: Conceptually, this is identical to the Goliath remote controlled bombs, except these bombs are twice the size and are significantly more dangerous as a result. For me, one distinction that could be made would be dialling up their effectiveness against your opponent’s base structures. One thing I feel Coh lacks are tools for crippling your opponent’s tech. Kane’s wrath has a plethora of units and abilities for exactly this purpose and their employment is great to use and even more exciting to watch. So the Spinger should be able to knock out 75% of the health of a base tier structure. So conceivably, you could get a 251, drive it over to or into the base, deploy a Springer and blow it up next to T4, finish it off with Paks or Stugs. This will reinforce that whole dimension of the game, camping on 2 VPs will be much easier to punish.
Sd.Ah. 57 Munitions Trailer: Another style of trailer, as discussed above. Here it would be used directly with team weapons to increase their ROF. It can also be used with indirect, so Rocket artillery would recharge faster. I feel the situations where this would be useful are fairly obvious but one extra way of making it interesting would be if it had an AOE explosion on death. So your opponent would be incentivised to move in with vehicles and target it down. They could also just steal it for themselves.
Wurfrahmen 40 UE (f): Standard rocket artillery. One question I would expect a Wehraboo to ask is ‘why this and not the Panzerwerfer?’. The way I see it, this only has 4 rockets, so its damage per barrage is less. This leaves scope to make the barrage recharge time shorter, meaning you need to micro it more, but also, its less of a wipe machine or do nothing unit. You can also give it a lower price and require less population. Looking at the Walking Stuka in Coh2, that unit either killed everything or missed and was largely a waste of resources and popcap. If you can have the same unit, but with less alpha damage, at a cheaper price and popcap, it should be more consistent over the course of a match. It would also be easier to fit into your composition and would see greater use as a result. This essentially is why I picked this unit. That and because its new and different.
AI Double Wespe Temp. Assignment: Like the Elephant assignment above, this is where double Wespe artillery pieces come onto the field and are controlled by the AI. They attack move to the target, shelling your opponent’s units within range. This ability should be much easier to employ, as they barrage from long range, but also they should be easier to counter (you can just dive them). Since we’re not using new vehicle models, it should be cheaper to develop and its different from the existing off-maps.
https://preview.redd.it/ioj0msg40g0d1.png?width=1651&format=png&auto=webp&s=a0dad1a46e5e618833d25a2381033f0a0a9d10a6
Central Idea: Long range engagements.
MGZ34 MG42 Scopes Upgrade: Simple upgrade, improves range and sight of MGs once they upgrade themselves for munitions.
AI Double Sniper Temp. Assignment: This is most similar to the Wespe ability I just described, except with 2 snipers. What this ability would be strong aganst would be team weapon camp and entrenched infantry, as well as guarding VPs in the lategame. What this ability would be pretty bad against would be an opponent with several light vehicles and tanks which can drive up and elminate the snipers in 5 seconds. Its not like the AI will dodge. This ability is augmented by the numerous sight abilities and units in this battlegroup.
Panzerbeobachtungswagen III: This is most similar to the 254 artillery observer for DAK, except where the abilities are largely air based. The unit has an MG, so it can be used to attack troops early on, but its mostly used for the focus sight ability in conjunction with tank destroyers and team weapons. The SD-2 Ground Burst drop I see being more like the M83 Cluster Mine drop from Coh2. The Ju-88 P-4 Heavy AT Strafe, is actually a 50mm cannon, so different from the JU-87 we have now by having more alpha damage.
Fritz X Guided Bomb Strike: This is probably most similar to the Stuka Dive Bomb in Coh2, however, the big difference is that you can manually guide it to the target. The inspiration for this are the Predator missiles from MW2, however in Coh3, the easiest way of implementing this to my mind is that the player has to keep the cursor where they want the bomb to land. However, if they don’t want to do this, as it prevents other micro, you double click and it will go to where it was last targeted. So the situations where you’d want to perform this micro are quite niche, basically when nothing else is happening for 5 seconds. I think a sensible decision should be to cut off direct control from the player 2 seconds before it hits the target, so its still possible to dodge but harder.
Nashorn Tank Destroyer: Not much to say here, its basically the Archer.
Grenadier K98k Scopes Upgrade: Not a lot to say here, range and sight augmentation for grens.
Ranged Bunker Options: Here we use some of the bunkers Relic has already invented. The mortar bunker is simple enough, but the Observation bunker is a bit more interesting. This emplacement should have a long line of sight, but it should be restricted to a narrow arc which can be refaced. This encourages active micro of the emplacement. It would be strong in matches where this is placed behind team weapons and artillery for spotting targets but would not detect flanks. Somewhat reminds me of the child’s game ‘Spotlight’.
Fusiliers: These are another unit that Grens can be swapped out for. Unlike Jagers and Panzergrens, this unit is purely focused on long range DPS. You could use Gebirgsjager here instead, I use Fusiliers as one of my other designs uses Gebirgsjager.
Range Adjustment: This unit ability increases the squad’s accuracy after each model drop to a maximum of 30%, 5% per model. I could imagine in most situations, this would be a simple DPS boost, but there would be situations where fighting low health squads where this would be especially strong. The same kind of logic applies to the ATG and Tank Destroyer ability, where everytime they land a shot while the ability is active, it increases their accuracy and ROF.
Focused Gunnery: A global sight and range buff for vehicles, at the cost of speed. This blends well with the other abilities in the battlegroup.
https://preview.redd.it/i3wsbhz50g0d1.png?width=1520&format=png&auto=webp&s=84fee451b9cebfbd3b19a7800e36450932f17bbe
Central Idea: Area denial.
Grenadier & Pio Field Defences: Gives access to a number of build options. Panzer-Stabmine 43 AT Mines are a variation on normal mines, where the emphasis is placed on the heavy engine critical rather than the damage of the mine. So these mines would be relatively spammable, specialised against vehicles and would cause a heavy engine damage critical. The focus here is leaving your opponet’s vehicle stricken and being able to move in with your own vehicles to take it out. However, unlike say Riegel mines, it doesn’t do that much damage, so your opponent will have a much easier time of quickly repairing off the damage. It’s a variation on mines with its own drawbacks and strengths. However, the main structure you get access to is the Luftwaffe Relay Point. This emplacement can call in strafing runs within its vicinity, the AT strafe would be particularly strong if combined with the Stab mine as it would be far harder to dodge. The relay point though can also call in a variety of crate drops with different infantry buffs. Ammunition crates increase ROF, which is simple enough, but the Explosives Crate doubles the squads grenade ability the next time its used. For instance, Grens would throw 2 stick grenades for the price of 1 with a 0.5 second delay between each throw. Naturally, this is pretty strong and also munitions efficient, at the cost of extra micro. The mechanic could also be made to give squads that don’t normally have a grenade, a grenade. For example, it would be cool if Jagers/Pios got stick grenades after picking up one of these crates. I’m not sure what you would do with Stosstruppen, a bundle grenade assault? Sounds overpowered and incredibly fun. Double frangible sounds fine. Camouflage Crates give your squad moving camo for 60 seconds, so you could conceivably pick up this crate on the way to your opponent’s side of the map and use it to ambush or do all manner of things. One question that would need answering is whether or not is should be possible to stack these crate bonues, I could foresee camoed Panzergrenadiers with double bundle grenades being very very good. Perhaps the best way of soft nerfing this combination is to have a shared cooldown timer of 90 seconds on the crates, this should severely limit the number of times a player can get explosives and camo at the same time.
251/17 Halftrack: Exactly like Coh2.
Cannone Da 105/28 Howitzer Emplacement: A general howitzer emplacement, you could use the LeFH but this emplacement already exists.
Panzerturm IV: A mixed AT and anti infantry emplacement. This emplacement absolutely should take up pop cap but also have prioritise vehicles.
Bf109 WerferGranate 21 Rocket Strike: This would fire 4 rockets in unison, have fairly high alpha damage and flame dot damage. You would most use it against team weapons and infantry, especially in denying point caps, but potentially you could use it against vehicles, particularly if they hit a panzer stab mine, to cause them health damage and prevent them from being repaired.
Sd.kfz. 251/16 Flame Halftrack: Similar to the unit in Coh2, except you can also upgrade it with MGs. As a general comment, I feel this unit and flame weapons more generally should have bonus damage against base tech structures. Sneaking flame tanks into the base and burning down your opponent’s tech is so much fun in Kane’s wrath and I feel Coh3 would do well to capture some of that magic. So being able to burn down a tech structure in 30-45 seconds in would give this unit extra utility, currently it fees like the flame units lack flexibility relative to their autocannon equivalents.
Infantry Gestreckte Ladung: This ability is on infantry and it essentially is a grenade that sits between the Bundle Grenade and a Satchel charge on the spectrum. It would have the same damage as a bundle, but a longer fuse and shorter range. However, the charge would have bonus damage against emplacements, buildings and field defenses. The ideal use case would be against units behind sandbags and wire, as it would destroy them completely. Its much more likely to land than satchels, with its shorter fuse time, but is not as a good as bundle grenades which do the same damage with an even shorter fuse. So the bonus against field defences is the main advantage of the grenade. It goes without saying that this ability benefits from the Explosives crate from the other side of the tree.
Decima Squad Infiltration: This squad is most comparable to Stormtroopers in Coh2. You would largely use the squad to charge cutoffs and plant explosives on points, its going to be strong in VP wars. This squad has no camo out of the box but you can get that from the other side of the tree.
Communication Breakdown: This is activated in a circle zone and no off-maps can be used in it for the duration, nor do any global abilities like Designate Assault Position work there. There are many situations where something like this would be useful, for example, preventing someone from calling an off-map in during your assault, preventing an off-map being called in on a crucial VP in a close match. The main use I could see people using this is with their emplacements on the other side of the tree, preventing say bombing runs, etc.
In Deckung!: This abilly mixes well with a variety of the other abilities in the battlegroup. Getting cheaper grenades will allow you to spam them during the duration of the ability, if you combine that with the Explosives crates, it will be yet more efficient. 15 munitions Panzer Stab mines will be strong. The crucial thing with this ability is timing, as you need to use grenades and mines en masse to justify the initial munitions cost.
Other Unit DLC
As I discussed before, I think it would be a mistake for Relic not to include the substitute units feature. In terms of what units should be substitutable, this is what I feel makes sense:
https://preview.redd.it/dw9pq3w70g0d1.png?width=1121&format=png&auto=webp&s=e416e3e5bb9b982b1da5d5bd6177cd6f2ef87c71
Finally, as a general change, I feel we need to talk about the Pak 43. The Pak 43 is already in the game files and is presumably lined up for a battlegroup. I feel this unit should just be added to T4 so that stock Wehr has an answer to heavy tank spam (thinking about Matildas and Grants here). Wehr doesn’t have a great answer for dealing with heavy tanks, short of building 3 paks or several marders, neither of which are great from a faction design perspective. They come quite early, relatively, so improving their performance messes with the flow of the game and makes T4 less attractive, why bother going T4 if all the AT you need is in T2/T3? A Pak 43 in T4 has a pleasing symmetry between DAK, Brits and Wehr. If US got he M5 ATG (which they should), all factions would have this common tool. A number of players have been calling out for the Panther to be added to T4, I don’t think that’s the play here, as it would dominate so many other options. The situations where you would build a Pak 43 over a Panther are quite niche (look at Coh2), so having the more attractive unit in stock over the less attractive solution in a battlegroup, to me makes little sense. The Panther would also crowd out Flak 36 Emplacment play. However, the Pak 43 is easier to counter for your opponent, using indirect etc, while also giving you a reason to go for a battlegroup with Panther as the main attraction. Essentially what I’m getting at is that the Panther is too dominant of a unit to be in T4 and the Pak 43 should be there in its place.
https://preview.redd.it/jrapt7y80g0d1.png?width=452&format=png&auto=webp&s=8d4c8bae94945e100777c1b9d53278bfb3f7bfb2
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2024.05.14 19:10 lazymentors Social Media & Marketing News you should care about today!

Top 6 Updates of last Week:

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2024.05.14 19:09 lazymentors Social Media & Marketing News you should care about today!

Top 6 Updates of last Week:

Trending

TikTok 🎶

Meta 😅

X (Twitter) 🕹️

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Reddit & Pinterest

Microsoft & LinkedIn

Marketing & AdTech

I hope this helps to plan your week ahead. Follow for more.
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2024.05.14 18:19 EverettBurns789i Which is the best college in Ajmer, Rajasthan?

Which is the best college in Ajmer, Rajasthan?
Sophia College
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Abundant Scholarship Opportunities
Sophia Girls College strives to make quality higher education accessible through an expansive scholarship program. Over 50 different scholarships and awards exist, recognizing academic merit, sports excellence, participation in arts and culture, and social service.
The value of these scholarships runs up to 100% coverage of tuition fees, making the Sophia experience a reality for deserving students regardless of financial constraints. The diverse scholarship domains reaffirm Sophia's multidimensional approach to education.
National and Global Partnerships
The college has signed over 57 national and international Memorandums of Understanding (MOUs), building bonds with leading institutions worldwide. These partnerships facilitate student and faculty exchanges, collaborative research, credit transfers, and more.
Global exposure is a pivotal aspect of Sophia's mission to cultivate world citizens. Students gain an intercultural lens through initiatives like the European Centre of Excellence and the U.S. Study Abroad Program. Partnerships also bring international luminaries to lecture on campus.
Interdisciplinary Learning
Sophia offers 18 multidisciplinary courses blending social sciences, humanities, and hard sciences for comprehensive understanding. Studying connections between fields is the future of education.
Combined degree options include BCBA, Biochemistry with Computer Science, Economics with Public Policy, and Clinical Nutrition with Sports Science. By transcending silos, Sophia empowers students to analyze problems through diverse but interconnected disciplines.
Stellar Placements and Careers
Sophia Girls College has an outstanding track record of student placements at graduation. The dedicated Training & Placement Cell secures students roles at top national and multinational companies, as well as higher education at premier institutions.
By melding academic excellence with skill-based training in communication, analytical thinking, and other essentials, Sophia produces graduates sought after by recruiters. From civil servants to financial analysts to entrepreneurs, alumnae affirm the college's immense role in career success.
Support Systems for Student Wellbeing
Sophia Girls College operates numerous initiatives to safeguard student physical safety, psychosocial health, and overall well-being:
  • Discipline Committee and Code of Conduct
  • Women's Grievance Redressal Cell
  • Anti-Ragging Committee
  • Student Counseling Center
  • Medical Room with a full-time nurse
  • Hostel Wardens for resident students
A spectrum of extracurricular clubs allows students to destress, connect, and express themselves through interests like dance, debate, music, and environmentalism. With robust support structures in place, students can thrive in mind, body, and spirit.
Modern Campus Infrastructure
College ground
Spanning many acres surrounded by mountains, Sophia Girls College's campus provides an inspiring setting to gain knowledge. Modern infrastructure includes:
  • Recognized Green Campus implementing eco-friendly practices
  • Sophisticated science and computer laboratories
  • Amphitheater-style lecture halls equipped with audiovisual tools
  • Indoor sports complex with courts for basketball, badminton, table tennis
  • Girl's common room, reception lounge, and cafeteria
  • Library with audio-visual section and e-resources
  • Hostel with a capacity for 300 resident students
Premium amenities demonstrate the college's commitment to cultivating students holistically through academics coupled with healthy extracurricular engagement.
In sum, with its 65-year legacy of academic distinction, NAAC A+ accreditation, national rankings, diverse programs taught by experts, abundant scholarships, global partnerships, comprehensive support services, and modern campus facilities, Sophia Girls College stands as the undisputed leader among women's institutions of higher learning in Ajmer and greater Rajasthan.
Young women looking to expand their knowledge and shape their futures will find no better college than Sophia to invest in their success and unlock their immense potential.
submitted by EverettBurns789i to u/EverettBurns789i [link] [comments]

2024.05.14 16:36 dear_remnant [CAN-ON] [H]PS1-5,3/DS,GC,GBA,NSW,amiibo,misc [W] lists

Hi,
Here's what I can offer for trades. CIB unless noted otherwise. List may get updated after initial posting.

Have

PS1
Breath of Fire 3 Manual damaged. Missing first page. Disc plays okay.
Breath of Fire 4
Parasite Eve Small crack in the case
Tactics Ogre
Dragon Warrior 7
Legend of Legaia
Metal Gear Solid missing manual
Suikoden small rip in first page of manual
Wild Arms 2 loose disc only
Final Fantasy Tactics
Revelations: Persona box only
Star Ocean: The Second Story
Gran Turismo Brand new. Plastic wrap is gone but seal at the top is still intact.
A bug's life
Black Dawn
Formula1 98
Small soldiers
The next tetris
Star wars: Episode 1 The phantom menace
Twisted metal III
Wu-Tang: Shaolin Style
Apocalypse
Playstation Underground Jampack
NHL FaceOff 99
NFL Xtreme
NFL GameDay 2001 Sealed. Small rip in the plastic wrap
NFL GameDay 2000
MLB 2000
3Xtreme
Contender
Jampack Summer 99
Jampack Winter 98
Interactive CD Sampler Pack Volume 3
Spyro
Bust A Groove
​
PS2
Shin Megami Tensei: Persona 3 [Limited Edition] outer box showing some wear
.Hack Quarantine Missing anime DVD, Case may not be original
Front mission 4
Katamari Damacy
Silent Hill 3
Silent Hill 4
Suikoden 3
Final Fantasy XII Limited Edition (steelbook)
Xenosaga Episode 1
Xenosaga Episode 3
Guitar Hero
Guitar Hero Metallica
Guitar Hero III Legend of Rock
Rockband AC/DC Track Pack
Grandia II
Grandia III
Shin Megami Tensei III: Nocturne
Kingdom Hearts GH
Dragon Ball Z Budokai Tenkaichi 3
​
PSP
Untold Legends Brotherhood Of The Blade
Prince Of Persia: The Forgotten Sands
Legend Of Heroes III Song Of The Ocean loose umd only
Grand Theft Auto Liberty City Stories GH
Robots UMD Movie
​
Vita
Killzone Mercenary loose
​
PS3
Metal Gear Solid: The Legacy Collection [Artbook Bundle] Sealed with artbook
Dante's Inferno Divine Edition with slipcover, missing manual
BlazBlue: Continuum Shift Extend
Batman: Arkham City
Blazing Angels: Squadrons of WWII
Disney Infinity starter pack Sealed
Record of Agarest War 2 Sealed, One corner of box is dinged
Dead Island Riptide [Rigor Mortis Edition] Sealed
Dead Space 3 Dev-team Edition Sealed, 4004/5000
Battlefield 3
Battlefield 4
Far Cry 2
Far Cry 4
Cabela's Big Game Hunter 2010
Heavy Fire: Afghanistan
Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Vegas
Little Big Planet Karting
Batman: Arkham Asylum - GoTY edition
Medal of Honor: Warfighter
Need for Speed: The Run LE
Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit LE
Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit loose, GH
Need for Speed: Rivals missing manual
Sonic's Ultimate Genesis Collection
Duke Nukem Forever
Lego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes GH
Lego Star Wars: The Force Awakens loose
Destiny
Lost Planet 3 Sealed
God of War Collection GH
Ferrari Challenge Trofeo Pirelli
Dead Space
Blazing Angels: Squadrons of WWII
Dead Island
Batman: Arkham City
Blazblue: Continuum Shift Extend
Blur
Prototype 2 Blackwatch Collector's Edition Sealed
​
PS4
Fallout 4 Pipboy edition Sealed
Elder Scrolls Online Tamriel Unlimited Imperial Edition Sealed
Wolfenstein II: The new Colossus Collector's Edition Sealed
Final fantasy vii remake
Final fantasy vii remake deluxe edition Sealed
Neptunia x SENRAN KAGURA: Ninja Wars digital code
Kingdom Hearts All-in-one sealed
Fifa 14
Battlefield 4
INSIDE / LIMBO double pack
WWE 2K15 Hulkamania Edition sealed
Dying Light
Fallout 4
Borderlands: The Handsome Collection
Maid of Sker Sealed, PEGI
NBA 2K19
Dynasty Warrior 7 Empires Chinese version
R-Type Final 2 Inaugural edition Sealed
Transformers: Rise Of The Dark Spark
Injustice: Gods Among Us Ultimate Edition
​
PS5
Tales of Arise Sealed
Elden Ring preorder code x3 Willing to throw this in free with any trade
Elden Ring with steelbook bundle Bundle seems to be Bestbuy Canada exclusive
Scarlet Nexus Sealed
Evil Dead digital code
Horizon Forbidden West Collector's Edition Sealed
Spider-man 2 digital code
​
Xbox
Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines gamestop sticker on manual
​
Xbox360
Ace Combat 6: Fires of Liberation
Banjo-Kazooie: Nuts & Bolts
Fallout 3
Halo 4 LE Sealed
Lost Odyssey
Silent Hill: Homecoming
Otomedius Excellent
​
GameCube
Resident Evil
Donkey Konga 2 Sealed
​
Wii
Super Mario All-Stars: 25th Anniversary Edition Sealed
The Last Story LE
Sin & Punishment: Star Successor Sealed
​
Switch
Xenoblade Chronicles 2
Xenoblade Chronicles 2: Torna the Golden Country Sealed
Xenoblade Chronicles 3 Sealed
Metroid Dread Special Edition Sealed
Shin Megami Tensei V Fall of Men Premium Edition Sealed
Hoa Sealed
Story of Seasons: Pioneers of Olive Town Premium Edition Sealed
Prinny Presents NIS Classics Volume 1 [Deluxe Edition] Sealed
AI: THE SOMNIUM FILES – nirvanA Initiative Collectors Edition Sealed
Legend of Zelda the tears of the kingdom Collector's edition Sealed
Fire Emblem Engage Divine Edition Sealed
​
GBA
Platinum GBA SP loose
Crash Bandicoot Purple: Ripto's Rampage loose
Avatar: The Last Airbender loose
SpongeBob SquarePants Movie loose
American Dragon Jake Long Rise Of The Huntsclan loose
Ty The Tasmanian Tiger 3 loose
Pokemon LeafGreen loose
Pokemon Sapphire loose, dry battery replaced
Chronicles Of Narnia Lion Witch And The Wardrobe loose
Super Mario Advance 4: Super Mario Bros. 3 loose
Tales of Phantasia loose
Shining Soul 2 loose
Kirby and the Amazing Mirror loose
Kirby Nightmare in Dreamland loose
​
DS
Coral Pink DS Lite Excellent cosmetic condition, charger included
White DSi no charger, stylus
TMNT
Lego Harry Potter Year 1-4
Phantasy Star 0 missing manual
Flash Focus
Castlevania: Order of Ecclesia loose
Valkyrie Profile: Covenant of the Plume loose
Final Fantasy: The 4 Heroes of Light loose
Pokemon HeartGold loose, small damage on label
Pokemon HeartGold big box with pokewalker
Pokemon SoulSilver box only
Pokemon Diamond
Pokemon Diamond loose
Pokemon Platinum loose
Pokemon Black
Pokemon Black missing manual
Pokemon Black box only
Hoppie no manual, some water damage in cover arts
Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days
Metroid Prime: Hunters - First Hunt loose
Diddy Kong Racing
Fossil Fighters
Professor Layton And The Curious Village
Pheonix Wright: Ace Attorney loose
​
3DS
3DS XL Black+Red CIB, Cave Story digital installed
New 3DS XL Galaxy loose. Charger included. Missing stylus, Dual IPS screen
Pokemon X
Rune Factory 4
Bravely Second: End Layer Warning booklet missing
Kingdom Hearts 3D Dream Drop Distance LE Missing AR cards
Pokemon Sun loose
Pokemon Ultra Sun
Pokemon X loose, have 2
Kirby Triple Deluxe loose
LEGO Star Wars The Force Awakens Case in rough shape. Missing manual
Etrian Odyssey V: Beyond The Myth [Launch Edition] sealed
Sonic: Lost World
Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS
Mario Kart 7
Kirby: Triple Deluxe Nintendo Selects
Donkey Kong Country Returns 3D Nintendo Selects
Tales of the Abyss sealed
Fantasy Life
​
Amiibo (all SSB except noted otherwise) All sealed in original box
Peach (Super Mario) 025W1
Yoshi (Super Mario) 524W2
Mario 434W2
Bowser 464S1
Diddy Kong 424S1
Luigi 434S1
Pikachu 474W2
Squirtle 279W5
Ivysaur 299W5
Snake 2559G1
Sonic 494W2
Peach 444W3
Link (Link's awakening) 2079G1
Link 524S1
Link (Majora's mask) 187S1
​
Guides
Tales of Vesperia BradyGames
Dark Souls FuturePress, Sealed
Dark Souls II CE FuturePress, Sealed
Dragon Warrior VII Prima
Breath of Fire IV Prima
Ni No Kuni: Wrath of the White Witch Prima, Hard Cover
Wild Arms 4 Prima
God of War III BradyGames
Resident Evil 6 BradyGames, Hard Cover, Sealed
Legend of Zelda Collector's Box Set Prima, sealed
​
Manuals
https://imgur.com/a/DLa5yM4 Too many to list. Some 360/PS3 ones may be in French. Please ask. Harvest Moon (GC) is traded.
​
Steelbooks G1 size unless noted. No games included.
Assassin's Creed 3 in shrink wrap
Assassin's Creed Collection
Batman Arkham City Armored Edition
Batman Arkham City G2
Call of Duty Black Ops II
Dead Space 3 in shrink wrap
Devil May Cry G2
Dishonored
Duke Nukem Forever in shrink wrap
Epic Mickey 2
Farcry 3 in shrink wrap
FF XIII Lightning Returns in shrink wrap
Hitman Absolution
Injustice Gods Among Us
Medal of Honor Warfighter G2
New Super Mario Bros U
NHL 12
Prototype 2 in shrink wrap
Sleeping Dogs
Thief
World of Warcraft Mist of Pandara
​
Misc
FF X Play Arts Tidus Still in original box, never displayed out of box
FF X Play Arts Yuna Still in original box, never displayed out of box
FF X Play Arts Auron Still in original box, never displayed out of box
FFVII Advent Children Play Arts Sephiroth Still in original box, never displayed out of box
FFVII Advent Children Play Arts Vincent Still in original box, never displayed out of box
FFVII Advent Children Play Arts Cloud with Fenrir Still in original box, never displayed out of box
Steer 'n win jr racing wheel/pedal compatible with PS1/N64
Diablo III Collector's Edition PC Sealed
Diablo III Reaper of Souls Collector's Edition PC Sealed
Homeworld Collector's Edition PC Sealed

Want:

Mostly interested in JRPGs and horrors. Working design, Enix, Falcom, NIS, Atlus, etc. Also looking for many turbo/turbo CD games. Must be CIB unless noted otherwise.
​
PS1
Adventures of Lomax
Deception III: Dark Delusion
Echo Night
Kartia
King's Field (Long box)
King's Field II
Klonoa: Door to Phantomile
Koudelka
Misadventures of Tron Bonne
RayCrisis: Series Termination
RayStorm
Shadow Tower
Tail Concerto
Thunder Force V
Torneko: The Last Hope
Resident evil survivor
​
PS2
Echo Night: Beyond
Forever Kingdom
Haunting Ground
ObsCure
Shadow Heart
Silent Hill 2 (Greatest Hits)
Silent Hill: Shattered Memories
Tsugunai: Atonement
​
PS4
Atelier Ryza LE
Atelier Sophie LE
Tales of Berseria CE
​
PS5
The Last of us Part 1 Firefly edition (sealed)
The Last of us Part 2 WLF edition (sealed)
​
Vita
Hyperdimension Neptunia Re;Brith 1 LE
​
GBC
Dragon Warrior Monsters
Dragon Warrior Monsters 2: Cobi's Journey
Dragon Warrior Monsters 2: Tara's Adventure
Dragon Warrior I & II
Lufia: The Legend Returns
Revelations: The Demon Slayer
​
GBA
DemiKids: Dark/Light Version
Klonoa 2: Dream Champ Tournament
Klonoa: Empire of Dreams
Lufia: The Ruins of Lore
Lunar Legend
Summon Night: Swordcraft Story
Summon Night: Swordcraft Story 2
​
GameCube
Star Fox: Assault Manual only
Jet Black GameCube box and cardboard inserts
Indigo wired OEM controller very low want
​
Switch
Dragon quest xi sealed preferred
​
DS
Blue Dragon: Awakened Shadow
Commando: Steel Disaster
Dragon Quest V
Dragon Quest IV Box and manual only
Etrian Odyssey
Izuna: Legend of the Unemployed Ninja
Lufia: Curse of the Sinitrals
Lunar: Dragon Song Manual only
Resident Evil: Deadly Silence
Sands of Destruction
Super Robot Taisen OG Saga Endless Frontier
​
3DS
Corpse Party: Back to School Edition
Dragon Quest VIII
Etrian Mystery Dungeon (Launch soundtrack bundle preferred)
Etrian Odyssey Nexus (launch edition)
Fire Emblem Echoes: Shadows Of Valentia Limited Edition
Radiant Historia: Perfect Chronology (launch edition)
Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Summoner: Soul Hackers (with soundtrack)
Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Survivor 2 Record Breaker (launch edition)
Shin Megami Tensei IV Apocalypse Launch Edition
​
Others
Turbografx-16 Console CIB preferred
Turbografx-16 and Turbo CD games CIB preferred. Almost everything except sports games will be considered. Big priority now
Dragon Quest Slime controller for Switch
All Uncharted Waters games (SNES and Genesis, CIB)
Notes.
submitted by dear_remnant to gameswap [link] [comments]

2024.05.14 13:22 lazymentors Marketing & Social Media News you should care about today!

Top 6 Updates of last Week:

Trending

TikTok 🎶

Meta 😅

X (Twitter) 🕹️

Youtube 🕹️

Google 🔦

Agency News

Brands & Ads 🏓

My Fav; Liquid Death’s latest campaign ‘The Adventures of Murder Man’ is a creative masterpiece as usual and a corporate parody.

AI 🤨

Reddit & Pinterest

Microsoft & LinkedIn

Marketing & AdTech

I hope this helps to plan your week ahead. All the sources can be found in the newsletter archive post.
submitted by lazymentors to Marketingcurated [link] [comments]

2024.05.14 13:20 lazymentors Marketing News you should care about today!

Top 6 Updates of last Week:

Trending

TikTok 🎶

Meta 😅

X (Twitter) 🕹️

Youtube 🕹️

Google 🔦

Agency News

Brands & Ads 🏓

My Fav; Liquid Death’s latest campaign ‘The Adventures of Murder Man’ is a creative masterpiece as usual and a corporate parody.

AI 🤨

Reddit & Pinterest

Microsoft & LinkedIn

Marketing & AdTech

I hope this helps to plan your week ahead. Follow for more.
submitted by lazymentors to Entrepreneur [link] [comments]

2024.05.14 13:16 lazymentors Advertising & Agency News you should care about today!

Top 6 Updates of last Week:

Trending

TikTok 🎶

Meta 😅

X (Twitter) 🕹️

Youtube 🕹️

Google 🔦

Agency News

Brands & Ads 🏓

My Fav; Liquid Death’s latest campaign ‘The Adventures of Murder Man’ is a creative masterpiece as usual and a corporate parody.

AI 🤨

Reddit & Pinterest

Microsoft & LinkedIn

Marketing & AdTech

I hope this helps to plan your week ahead.
submitted by lazymentors to advertising [link] [comments]

2024.05.14 13:15 lazymentors Marketing News you should care about today!

Top 6 Updates of last Week:

Trending

TikTok 🎶

Meta 😅

X (Twitter) 🕹️

Youtube 🕹️

Google 🔦

Agency News

Brands & Ads 🏓

My Fav; Liquid Death’s latest campaign ‘The Adventures of Murder Man’ is a creative masterpiece as usual and a corporate parody.

AI 🤨

Reddit & Pinterest

Microsoft & LinkedIn

Marketing & AdTech

I hope this helps to plan your week ahead. Follow for more.
submitted by lazymentors to marketing [link] [comments]

2024.05.14 12:30 FappidyDat [H] TF2 Keys & PayPal [W] Humble Bundle Games (Also Games From Past Bundles), Bad Rats

Notes:
 
I pay with the following:
TF2 & PayPal
 
I BUY HB Games with TF2 with PayPal Currently Active Humble Bundle?
7 Days to Die 0.8 TF2 $1.56 PP -
A Little To The Left 2.1 TF2 $3.98 PP -
Alien: Isolation 1.5 TF2 $2.93 PP -
Aliens: Fireteam Elite 1.4 TF2 $2.69 PP -
Arma 3 4.2 TF2 $7.95 PP -
Assetto Corsa Ultimate Edition 1.9 TF2 $3.56 PP -
Automobilista 2 1.6 TF2 $3.03 PP -
BIOMUTANT 1.4 TF2 $2.75 PP -
BROFORCE 0.8 TF2 $1.46 PP -
Baldur's Gate II: Enhanced Edition 0.8 TF2 $1.43 PP -
Baldur's Gate: Enhanced Edition 0.8 TF2 $1.44 PP -
Barony 2.6 TF2 $4.9 PP -
Barotrauma 3.8 TF2 $7.26 PP -
Batman - The Telltale Series 1.3 TF2 $2.43 PP -
Batman Arkham Collection 1.1 TF2 $2.08 PP -
Batman: Arkham Origins 0.6 TF2 $1.21 PP -
Batman™: Arkham Knight Premium Edition 1.0 TF2 $1.83 PP -
Bayonetta 0.7 TF2 $1.34 PP -
Beyond Two Souls 1.7 TF2 $3.31 PP -
Blasphemous 1.4 TF2 $2.69 PP -
Bloodstained: Ritual of the Night 0.5 TF2 $0.91 PP -
Borderlands 3 Super Deluxe Edition 4.9 TF2 $9.36 PP -
Borderlands 3 3.1 TF2 $5.88 PP -
Borderlands: The Handsome Collection 3.0 TF2 $5.73 PP -
Builder Simulator 0.4 TF2 $0.78 PP -
Celeste 0.8 TF2 $1.57 PP -
Chernobylite Enhanced Edition 0.9 TF2 $1.78 PP -
Cities: Skylines 2.2 TF2 $4.18 PP -
Code Vein 1.2 TF2 $2.26 PP -
Conan Exiles 2.5 TF2 $4.79 PP -
Contractors 2.9 TF2 $5.56 PP -
Control Ultimate Edition 2.6 TF2 $4.85 PP -
Crusader Kings III 4.4 TF2 $8.38 PP -
DARK SOULS™ II: Scholar of the First Sin 4.8 TF2 $9.15 PP -
DEATH STRANDING DIRECTOR'S CUT 4.4 TF2 $8.34 PP -
DRAGON BALL XENOVERSE 2 2.3 TF2 $4.44 PP -
Dark Souls III 7.2 TF2 $13.74 PP -
Dark Souls III: Deluxe Edition 9.9 TF2 $18.86 PP -
DayZ 10.6 TF2 $20.07 PP -
Dead Island - Definitive Edition 0.8 TF2 $1.52 PP -
Dead Island Definitive Collection 0.9 TF2 $1.72 PP -
Dead Island Riptide Definitive Edition 0.7 TF2 $1.24 PP -
Dead by Daylight 3.1 TF2 $5.97 PP -
Deep Rock Galactic 3.0 TF2 $5.62 PP -
Destiny 2: Beyond Light 1.0 TF2 $1.85 PP -
Destiny 2: Bungie 30th Anniversary Pack 1.3 TF2 $2.47 PP -
Destiny 2: Forsaken Pack 1.0 TF2 $1.9 PP -
Destiny 2: Lightfall 4.0 TF2 $7.55 PP -
Destiny 2: Shadowkeep 1.0 TF2 $1.93 PP -
Destiny 2: The Witch Queen 2.0 TF2 $3.85 PP -
Destroy All Humans! 2 - Reprobed 0.7 TF2 $1.4 PP -
Devil May Cry HD Collection 1.8 TF2 $3.45 PP -
Devil May Cry® 4 Special Edition 1.4 TF2 $2.74 PP -
DiRT Rally 0.8 TF2 $1.51 PP -
Disco Elysium - The Final Cut 1.6 TF2 $2.95 PP -
Doom Eternal 2.2 TF2 $4.17 PP -
Dragon Ball FighterZ 2.0 TF2 $3.79 PP -
Dragons Dogma - Dark Arisen 0.9 TF2 $1.77 PP -
Dungeon Defenders 3.0 TF2 $5.78 PP -
EARTH DEFENSE FORCE 5 4.3 TF2 $8.2 PP -
ELEX II 0.8 TF2 $1.57 PP -
Europa Universalis IV 3.2 TF2 $6.16 PP -
Expeditions: Rome 0.5 TF2 $0.89 PP -
FTL: Faster Than Light 0.7 TF2 $1.41 PP -
Fallout: A Post Nuclear Role Playing Game 0.4 TF2 $0.81 PP -
Farming Simulator 19 2.2 TF2 $4.23 PP -
For The King 0.5 TF2 $0.92 PP -
Forager 0.8 TF2 $1.58 PP -
Frostpunk 0.8 TF2 $1.51 PP -
GRID 2 1.9 TF2 $3.66 PP -
Gang Beasts 2.6 TF2 $4.97 PP -
Gas Station Simulator 3.1 TF2 $5.8 PP -
Generation Zero® 0.7 TF2 $1.36 PP -
Ghostwire Tokyo 1.4 TF2 $2.69 PP -
Goat Simulator 0.4 TF2 $0.8 PP -
Golf It! 1.8 TF2 $3.42 PP -
Gotham Knights 1.5 TF2 $2.83 PP -
Graveyard Keeper 0.5 TF2 $0.9 PP -
Grim Dawn 2.5 TF2 $4.66 PP -
Hell Let Loose 7.1 TF2 $13.47 PP -
Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice 1.4 TF2 $2.69 PP -
Hitman Absolution 0.4 TF2 $0.79 PP -
Hollow Knight 3.4 TF2 $6.43 PP -
Homeworld Remastered Collection 0.4 TF2 $0.78 PP -
Hotline Miami 0.5 TF2 $0.87 PP -
House Flipper 2.0 TF2 $3.89 PP -
Injustice 2 Legendary Edition 0.6 TF2 $1.2 PP -
Into the Radius VR 2.9 TF2 $5.5 PP -
Jurassic World Evolution 2 2.7 TF2 $5.19 PP -
Just Cause 3 XXL Edition 1.4 TF2 $2.63 PP -
Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes 1.7 TF2 $3.16 PP -
Kerbal Space Program 1.1 TF2 $2.07 PP -
Killing Floor 2 0.6 TF2 $1.14 PP -
Kingdom: Two Crowns 1.5 TF2 $2.94 PP -
LEGO Marvel Super Heroes 2 - Deluxe Edition 0.9 TF2 $1.77 PP -
LEGO Star Wars : The Complete Saga 0.6 TF2 $1.17 PP -
LEGO Star Wars III: The Clone Wars 0.6 TF2 $1.22 PP -
LEGO® City Undercover 0.7 TF2 $1.3 PP -
LEGO® Jurassic World™ 0.8 TF2 $1.57 PP -
Lethal League Blaze 1.8 TF2 $3.44 PP -
Life is Strange 2 Complete Season 1.4 TF2 $2.72 PP -
Life is Strange: True Colors 1.5 TF2 $2.82 PP -
Little Nightmares 1.1 TF2 $2.06 PP -
Loop Hero 0.8 TF2 $1.44 PP -
METAL GEAR SOLID V: THE PHANTOM PAIN 3.3 TF2 $6.31 PP -
METAL GEAR SOLID V: The Definitive Experience 3.5 TF2 $6.61 PP -
Mad Max 0.7 TF2 $1.3 PP -
Mafia: Definitive Edition 2.4 TF2 $4.56 PP -
Mass Effect™ Legendary Edition 4.7 TF2 $8.87 PP -
MechWarrior 5: Mercenaries 2.6 TF2 $4.89 PP -
Men of War: Assault Squad 2 Deluxe Edition 1.3 TF2 $2.4 PP -
Metro 2033 Redux 0.5 TF2 $0.92 PP -
Metro Exodus 1.3 TF2 $2.47 PP -
Metro Redux Bundle 0.7 TF2 $1.25 PP -
Middle-earth™: Shadow of War™ Definitive Edition 0.9 TF2 $1.65 PP -
Midnight Ghost Hunt 0.8 TF2 $1.45 PP -
Monster Hunter: World 2.0 TF2 $3.87 PP -
Mordhau 1.9 TF2 $3.6 PP -
Mortal Kombat XL 0.6 TF2 $1.13 PP -
Mortal Shell 0.5 TF2 $0.97 PP -
NASCAR Heat 5 - Ultimate Edition 0.4 TF2 $0.75 PP -
NBA 2K23 5.3 TF2 $10.16 PP -
Naruto Shippuden: Ultimate Ninja Storm 4 2.2 TF2 $4.18 PP -
Naruto to Boruto Shinobi Striker 0.9 TF2 $1.76 PP -
Nioh 2 - The Complete Edition 2.7 TF2 $5.18 PP -
Nobody Saves the World 0.5 TF2 $0.95 PP -
Northgard 2.4 TF2 $4.5 PP -
Orcs Must Die! 3 1.6 TF2 $3.01 PP -
Outlast 2 0.9 TF2 $1.68 PP -
Overcooked! 2 1.2 TF2 $2.3 PP -
PC Building Simulator 0.6 TF2 $1.14 PP -
PGA TOUR 2K21 0.9 TF2 $1.8 PP -
Plague Inc: Evolved 1.9 TF2 $3.56 PP -
Planet Coaster 2.4 TF2 $4.59 PP -
Planet Zoo 2.5 TF2 $4.75 PP -
PlateUp! 1.0 TF2 $1.85 PP -
Prison Architect 2.7 TF2 $5.14 PP -
Project Wingman 1.5 TF2 $2.94 PP -
RESIDENT EVIL 3 2.0 TF2 $3.76 PP -
Rain World 0.9 TF2 $1.78 PP -
Remnant: From the Ashes - Complete Edition 2.5 TF2 $4.69 PP -
Resident Evil 4 Ultimate HD Edition 1.0 TF2 $1.83 PP -
Resident Evil 5 GOLD Edition 1.1 TF2 $2.04 PP -
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2024.05.14 10:51 mtufekyapan Marketing Guide For Shopify

Marketing is one of the most crucial operation for a Shopify store. There are lot’s of tactics Marketing is one of the most crucial operation for a Shopify store. There are lot’s of tactics to grow quickly and none of them not working. Well, if you looking for a way to create solid marketing plan, then this guide is for you. In this guide you’ll learn

Definition of Marketing

American Marketing Association defines marketing as activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. Source
What do you see here?
  1. Marketing is not about activities, it contains activities, set of institutions and process.
  2. Function of marketing is not generating sales. It’s creating, communicating, delivering and exchanging offerings that has value.
  3. In this post we’ll focus on Shopify stores marketing. However in the big picture marketing has not limited with companies. Marketing can be done within organization or society.
Let’s summarize what marketing definition for a Shopify store. Marketing will create, communicate, deliver and exchange offers that have value for customers. As you can see main subject in here is customers. Because of this, I’ll put customers as the center of this guide. Everything we’ll do has to something with them.

Market Research, Competitor Analysis and Defining Your Target Market

This is a practical guide for marketing so I want to continue with a hypothetical Shopify stores for each steps.
Let’s say we have a Shopify store that has some high-end, organic baby clothes targeting new parents.

Market Research

How can we do the market research?
Let’s say you have a new Shopify store that has less than 500 order per month. You can hire expensive agencies, expensive experts to research the market, create market reports for you, etc. Even if you do that, I highly suspicious if it helps you.
However you can talk with your new-parent friends. Ask them about how do they decide to buy baby clothes? What they are looking for before completing their purchases? Do they get any expert opinion before making buying decision? How do they search online and what they want to see? Is there any great YouTube channels about this.
Don’t have any friends? Checkout your friends not a new-parents but parents and ask similar questions to them. If you also don’t have them, try to make new born friends. I know how hard it is but let’s be honest here. If you don’t know anybody in your target audience, how do you manage to get know them? All of the successful stores I saw they have direct relationship with their target audience.
When you make your research with real people, then you can extend your project to online. Try to search as they do. What do you find? Deep in dive and take your notes.

Competitor Analysis

When you done this market research, you’ll also see there are some other brands. This is a huge subject but let’s call these brands as competitor for now.
Now it’s time to analyze them.
  1. Checkout their branding strategy.
  2. What are their value propositions?
  3. What is hot about them? Return guarantee, free shipping etc.
  4. What is not hot about them? Poor product or store design, low UX on the website, etc.
  5. What people think about them? Google reviews, Trust pilot reviews, product reviews on the store.
  6. Are there any partnership or influencer program they’re running?
  7. What is their Google/YouTube campaign strategy? Check it here.
  8. What is their Facebook/Instagram campaign strategy? Check it here.
Create a spreadsheet with all of this information. We’ll use this when working on positioning and marketing strategy.

Define Your Target Market

What do you say about our target market? Can all of new parents be our target market?
Nope, it can’t. You need to deep dive into your market and find a sub-segment, a niche that will need your products much better than anybody else and afford it easily.
This is what I called ideal customer profile (ICP). Check out what is ideal customer profile and how to create your ideal customer profile posts to learn more about the concept.
For our hypothetical store, ICP can be something like this;
Demographics
Psychographics
Pain Points
Needs
Buying Behaviors
After creating ICP, it’s important to spend some time on empathy map. Don’t forget to check it, too.
Now we know our baby clothes Shopify store market, customer’s buying process and our ideal customer profile.

Brand Identity and How to Create Your Branding

I’ll follow the American Marketing Association (AMA) in here too.
First look at brand definition. AMA defines brand as “any distinctive feature like a name, term, design, or symbol that identifies goods or services”.
Branding is for creating and managing your brand’s identity. It involves your mission, values, culture and public image.
I’m not an expert on brand, but I know how branding can be effective for your conversions and performance. Here are some checklist for you.
  1. Design consistency is the key. Your visual identity should be consistent across social media, Shopify store, emails, product detail pages, etc.
  2. Copy consistency is the key. Your communication style should be consistent across social media, Shopify store, emails, product detail pages, etc.
  3. Experience consistency is the key. Let’s say your brand looks like a high-end brand and when a new visitor visit your store first they see is an annoying popup saying want to get 10% OFF. This is simply how to destroy your brand.
  4. Craft a story and stick to it. What makes you create this brand? Faces behind the brand. This is a huge leverage for creating trust and building bonds.

Go-to-Market Strategy and Defining Your Marketing Strategy

So far we identified our target market and ideal customer profile. Check out competitors and creates the branding for our store.
Now it’s time to work on go-to-market strategy and crafting our marketing strategy.

Go-to-Market Strategy

Let’s say you recently launched your Shopify store or add a new line of products.
You need a plan to introduce your store or new products to the market. This is what we called go-to-market(GTM) strategy.
Main goal of the GTM is letting people know that there is a new brand or product line. It’s similar to launch marketing. Key message here is there is a new products/brand launched and it offer the best for you. Give it a try, you’ll love it.
All of your messages and communication should be parallel to this process.
Our focus is convincing people to try our products/brand. So I always offer a special campaign just for the launch to give people to a reason to try your products/brand.
For our hypothetical Shopify store we can run a special campaign for launch like;

Marketing Strategy

This is your plan of actions to sell or advertise your products. Now we can talk about selling part of the marketing.
Let’s say you have GREAT advertising creatives and a huge budget and just spending it. Don’t wait to crack the code and having lot’s of sales.
Your marketing strategy should be follow sales funnel. If you don’t have a high-converting sales funnel, you can’t expect people to buy from you. Check out How to Build High Converting Sales Funnel For Shopify post.
AIDA Sales Funnel Framework
Now we can continue with our hypothetical store example. We’re selling high-end, organic baby clothes on our store. We crafted our ICP, empathy map, work on branding and created our story.

Example Marketing Strategy

First step we’ll work on attention step. Our focus is getting attention of our target market attention.
We can create a educative e-book like “7 Harmful Chemicals Commonly Used in Baby Clothes and How to Avoid Them” and run some campaigns targeted new parents on social network (Facebook, Instagram or YouTube)
This ads will land on a landing page that gives brief information about why we should pay attention to chemicals in baby clothes for our little ones and make a promise like “I spend my last 5 years about researching chemicals on baby clothes and prepare this book for you and your little one”. Also there can be a quick video about our story explaining our expertise in this field and why we’re building this brand.
We can ask for their email address to share the book with them. When they enter their email address, we’ll send them this ebook.
After first email with the ebook, we can send a few more emails with easy to digest information about chemicals.
This will create an expertise image on our target customers and start to create a bond with them. Not a bad start, right?
At the same time we can use this content on our social media, right? Quick videos, infographics and posts about the chemicals in the baby clothes.
After getting a few thousands subscribers we can organize a webinar to answer questions. This will also a great content for re-used social media content and creating trust and expert image.
Then we can share a time-limited promotion with this people for a bundle. Like we’re running a campaign and these 5 chemical free baby clothes bundles 10% discounted until next week!
We can send emails about it and use this campaign for remarketing for only people who show interest in our e-book and webinar.
This is a very brief template of marketing plan.
Now let’s take a look at more common one.
It’s time for you. Which one do you want to choose? All of the experts recommending this without even asking who are your customers. Can you believe it?
Don’t forget that marketing strategy is not a hope. It’s a well documented plan of actions designed for turning strangers into customers.

Inbound and Outbound Marketing Channels

Inside the marketing strategy, channels plays a vital role. There are lot’s of ways to group channels. I’ll use most basic one.
Inbound Marketing Channels: With the inbound marketing your customers will find you and start the interaction. Most common channel for inbound marketing is organic search engine optimization.
After creating high quality content, when customers search something online, they can see your articles and first interaction happens.
Outbound Marketing Channels: With the outbound marketing you reach out to customers. Facebook/Instagram/YouTube ads, influencer marketing, display ads, podcast ads can be count in this category.
As you can imagine inbound marketing channels takes lot’s of efforts and time however over the time you’ll have organic marketing channel and it brings you customer without needing any budget.
Outbound marketing channels generally works with advertisement models and you need budgets to run these channels.
Most of time I recommend to start with outbound marketing channels and then invest inbound marketing channels overtime. Don’t forget to check Mastering Paid Ads For Shopify post.
Succesful marketing plans should be supported by high converting growth and conversion plans. Don’t forget to check Growth Guide For Shopify and Conversion Optimization Guide For Shopify too.
to grow quickly and none of them not working. Well, if you looking for a way to create solid marketing plan, then this guide is for you. In this guide you’ll learn

Definition of Marketing

American Marketing Association defines marketing as activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. Source
What do you see here?
  1. Marketing is not about activities, it contains activities, set of institutions and process.
  2. Function of marketing is not generating sales. It’s creating, communicating, delivering and exchanging offerings that has value.
  3. In this post we’ll focus on Shopify stores marketing. However in the big picture marketing has not limited with companies. Marketing can be done within organization or society.
Let’s summarize what marketing definition for a Shopify store. Marketing will create, communicate, deliver and exchange offers that have value for customers. As you can see main subject in here is customers. Because of this, I’ll put customers as the center of this guide. Everything we’ll do has to something with them.

Market Research, Competitor Analysis and Defining Your Target Market

This is a practical guide for marketing so I want to continue with a hypothetical Shopify stores for each steps.
Let’s say we have a Shopify store that has some high-end, organic baby clothes targeting new parents.

Market Research

How can we do the market research?
Let’s say you have a new Shopify store that has less than 500 order per month. You can hire expensive agencies, expensive experts to research the market, create market reports for you, etc. Even if you do that, I highly suspicious if it helps you.
However you can talk with your new-parent friends. Ask them about how do they decide to buy baby clothes? What they are looking for before completing their purchases? Do they get any expert opinion before making buying decision? How do they search online and what they want to see? Is there any great YouTube channels about this.
Don’t have any friends? Checkout your friends not a new-parents but parents and ask similar questions to them. If you also don’t have them, try to make new born friends. I know how hard it is but let’s be honest here. If you don’t know anybody in your target audience, how do you manage to get know them? All of the successful stores I saw they have direct relationship with their target audience.
When you make your research with real people, then you can extend your project to online. Try to search as they do. What do you find? Deep in dive and take your notes.

Competitor Analysis

When you done this market research, you’ll also see there are some other brands. This is a huge subject but let’s call these brands as competitor for now.
Now it’s time to analyze them.
  1. Checkout their branding strategy.
  2. What are their value propositions?
  3. What is hot about them? Return guarantee, free shipping etc.
  4. What is not hot about them? Poor product or store design, low UX on the website, etc.
  5. What people think about them? Google reviews, Trust pilot reviews, product reviews on the store.
  6. Are there any partnership or influencer program they’re running?
  7. What is their Google/YouTube campaign strategy? Check it here.
  8. What is their Facebook/Instagram campaign strategy? Check it here.
Create a spreadsheet with all of this information. We’ll use this when working on positioning and marketing strategy.

Define Your Target Market

What do you say about our target market? Can all of new parents be our target market?
Nope, it can’t. You need to deep dive into your market and find a sub-segment, a niche that will need your products much better than anybody else and afford it easily.
This is what I called ideal customer profile (ICP). Check out what is ideal customer profile and how to create your ideal customer profile posts to learn more about the concept.
For our hypothetical store, ICP can be something like this;
Demographics
Psychographics
Pain Points
Needs
Buying Behaviors
After creating ICP, it’s important to spend some time on empathy map. Don’t forget to check it, too.
Now we know our baby clothes Shopify store market, customer’s buying process and our ideal customer profile.

Brand Identity and How to Create Your Branding

I’ll follow the American Marketing Association (AMA) in here too.
First look at brand definition. AMA defines brand as “any distinctive feature like a name, term, design, or symbol that identifies goods or services”.
Branding is for creating and managing your brand’s identity. It involves your mission, values, culture and public image.
I’m not an expert on brand, but I know how branding can be effective for your conversions and performance. Here are some checklist for you.
  1. Design consistency is the key. Your visual identity should be consistent across social media, Shopify store, emails, product detail pages, etc.
  2. Copy consistency is the key. Your communication style should be consistent across social media, Shopify store, emails, product detail pages, etc.
  3. Experience consistency is the key. Let’s say your brand looks like a high-end brand and when a new visitor visit your store first they see is an annoying popup saying want to get 10% OFF. This is simply how to destroy your brand.
  4. Craft a story and stick to it. What makes you create this brand? Faces behind the brand. This is a huge leverage for creating trust and building bonds.

Go-to-Market Strategy and Defining Your Marketing Strategy

So far we identified our target market and ideal customer profile. Check out competitors and creates the branding for our store.
Now it’s time to work on go-to-market strategy and crafting our marketing strategy.

Go-to-Market Strategy

Let’s say you recently launched your Shopify store or add a new line of products.
You need a plan to introduce your store or new products to the market. This is what we called go-to-market(GTM) strategy.
Main goal of the GTM is letting people know that there is a new brand or product line. It’s similar to launch marketing. Key message here is there is a new products/brand launched and it offer the best for you. Give it a try, you’ll love it.
All of your messages and communication should be parallel to this process.
Our focus is convincing people to try our products/brand. So I always offer a special campaign just for the launch to give people to a reason to try your products/brand.
For our hypothetical Shopify store we can run a special campaign for launch like;

Marketing Strategy

This is your plan of actions to sell or advertise your products. Now we can talk about selling part of the marketing.
Let’s say you have GREAT advertising creatives and a huge budget and just spending it. Don’t wait to crack the code and having lot’s of sales.
Your marketing strategy should be follow sales funnel. If you don’t have a high-converting sales funnel, you can’t expect people to buy from you. Check out How to Build High Converting Sales Funnel For Shopify post.
This article first published at MarketingLib.
Don't forget to check Growth Suite on Shopify App Store.
submitted by mtufekyapan to GrowthSuite [link] [comments]

2024.05.14 10:43 RazzmatazzDear461 🌟 Grab Your Free 1-Month Nyx Vpn Access! 🌟 Limited Promo Codes Available - Secure Your Spot Now!

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2024.05.14 06:31 Anenome5 Society without a State

https://mises.org/mises-daily/society-without-state
In attempting to outline how a “society without a state” — that is, an anarchist society — might function successfully, I would first like to defuse two common but mistaken criticisms of this approach. First, is the argument that in providing for such defense or protection services as courts, police, or even law itself, I am simply smuggling the state back into society in another form, and that therefore the system I am both analyzing and advocating is not “really” anarchism. This sort of criticism can only involve us in an endless and arid dispute over semantics. Let me say from the beginning that I define the state as that institution which possesses one or both (almost always both) of the following properties: (1) it acquires its income by the physical coercion known as “taxation”; and (2) it asserts and usually obtains a coerced monopoly of the provision of defense service (police and courts) over a given territorial area. An institution not possessing either of these properties is not and cannot be, in accordance with my definition, a state. On the other hand, I define anarchist society as one where there is no legal possibility for coercive aggression against the person or property of an individual. Anarchists oppose the state because it has its very being in such aggression, namely, the expropriation of private property through taxation, the coercive exclusion of other providers of defense service from its territory, and all of the other depredations and coercions that are built upon these twin foci of invasions of individual rights.
Nor is our definition of the state arbitrary, for these two characteristics have been possessed by what is generally acknowledged to be states throughout recorded history. The state, by its use of physical coercion, has arrogated to itself a compulsory monopoly of defense services over its territorial jurisdiction. But it is certainly conceptually possible for such services to be supplied by private, non-state institutions, and indeed such services have historically been supplied by other organizations than the state. To be opposed to the state is then not necessarily to be opposed to services that have often been linked with it; to be opposed to the state does not necessarily imply that we must be opposed to police protection, courts, arbitration, the minting of money, postal service, or roads and highways. Some anarchists have indeed been opposed to police and to all physical coercion in defense of person and property, but this is not inherent in and is fundamentally irrelevant to the anarchist position, which is precisely marked by opposition to all physical coercion invasive of, or aggressing against, person and property.
The crucial role of taxation may be seen in the fact that the state is the only institution or organization in society which regularly and systematically acquires its income through the use of physical coercion. All other individuals or organizations acquire their income voluntarily, either (1) through the voluntary sale of goods and services to consumers on the market, or (2) through voluntary gifts or donations by members or other donors. If I cease or refrain from purchasing Wheaties on the market, the Wheaties producers do not come after me with a gun or the threat of imprisonment to force me to purchase; if I fail to join the American Philosophical Association, the association may not force me to join or prevent me from giving up my membership. Only the state can do so; only the state can confiscate my property or put me in jail if I do not pay its tax tribute. Therefore, only the state regularly exists and has its very being by means of coercive depredations on private property.
Neither is it legitimate to challenge this sort of analysis by claiming that in some other sense, the purchase of Wheaties or membership in the APA is in some way “coercive.” Anyone who is still unhappy with this use of the term “coercion” can simply eliminate the word from this discussion and substitute for it “physical violence or the threat thereof,” with the only loss being in literary style rather than in the substance of the argument. What anarchism proposes to do, then, is to abolish the state, that is, to abolish the regularized institution of aggressive coercion.
It need hardly be added that the state habitually builds upon its coercive source of income by adding a host of other aggressions upon society, ranging from economic controls to the prohibition of pornography to the compelling of religious observance to the mass murder of civilians in organized warfare. In short, the state, in the words of Albert Jay Nock, “claims and exercises a monopoly of crime” over its territorial area.
The second criticism I would like to defuse before beginning the main body of the paper is the common charge that anarchists “assume that all people are good” and that without the state no crime would be committed. In short, that anarchism assumes that with the abolition of the state a New Anarchist Man will emerge, cooperative, humane, and benevolent, so that no problem of crime will then plague the society. I confess that I do not understand the basis for this charge. Whatever other schools of anarchism profess — and I do not believe that they are open to the charge — I certainly do not adopt this view. I assume with most observers that mankind is a mixture of good and evil, of cooperative and criminal tendencies. In my view, the anarchist society is one which maximizes the tendencies for the good and the cooperative, while it minimizes both the opportunity and the moral legitimacy of the evil and the criminal. If the anarchist view is correct and the state is indeed the great legalized and socially legitimated channel for all manner of antisocial crime — theft, oppression, mass murder — on a massive scale, then surely the abolition of such an engine of crime can do nothing but favor the good in man and discourage the bad.
A further point: in a profound sense, no social system, whether anarchist or statist, can work at all unless most people are “good” in the sense that they are not all hell-bent upon assaulting and robbing their neighbors. If everyone were so disposed, no amount of protection, whether state or private, could succeed in staving off chaos. Furthermore, the more that people are disposed to be peaceful and not aggress against their neighbors, the more successfully any social system will work, and the fewer resources will need to be devoted to police protection. The anarchist view holds that, given the “nature of man,” given the degree of goodness or badness at any point in time, anarchism will maximize the opportunities for the good and minimize the channels for the bad. The rest depends on the values held by the individual members of society. The only further point that need be made is that by eliminating the living example and the social legitimacy of the massive legalized crime of the state, anarchism will to a large extent promote peaceful values in the minds of the public.
We cannot of course deal here with the numerous arguments in favor of anarchism or against the state, moral, political, and economic. Nor can we take up the various goods and services now provided by the state and show how private individuals and groups will be able to supply them far more efficiently on the free market. Here we can only deal with perhaps the most difficult area, the area where it is almost universally assumed that the state must exist and act, even if it is only a “necessary evil” instead of a positive good: the vital realm of defense or protection of person and property against aggression. Surely, it is universally asserted, the state is at least vitally necessary to provide police protection, the judicial resolution of disputes and enforcement of contracts, and the creation of the law itself that is to be enforced. My contention is that all of these admittedly necessary services of protection can be satisfactorily and efficiently supplied by private persons and institutions on the free market.
One important caveat before we begin the body of this paper: new proposals such as anarchism are almost always gauged against the implicit assumption that the present, or statist system works to perfection. Any lacunae or difficulties with the picture of the anarchist society are considered net liabilities, and enough to dismiss anarchism out of hand. It is, in short, implicitly assumed that the state is doing its self-assumed job of protecting person and property to perfection. We cannot here go into the reasons why the state is bound to suffer inherently from grave flaws and inefficiencies in such a task. All we need do now is to point to the black and unprecedented record of the state through history: no combination of private marauders can possibly begin to match the state’s unremitting record of theft, confiscation, oppression, and mass murder. No collection of Mafia or private bank robbers can begin to compare with all the Hiroshimas, Dresdens, and Lidices and their analogues through the history of mankind.
This point can be made more philosophically: it is illegitimate to compare the merits of anarchism and statism by starting with the present system as the implicit given and then critically examining only the anarchist alternative. What we must do is to begin at the zero point and then critically examine both suggested alternatives. Suppose, for example, that we were all suddenly dropped down on the earth de novo and that we were all then confronted with the question of what societal arrangements to adopt. And suppose then that someone suggested: “We are all bound to suffer from those of us who wish to aggress against their fellow men. Let us then solve this problem of crime by handing all of our weapons to the Jones family, over there, by giving all of our ultimate power to settle disputes to that family. In that way, with their monopoly of coercion and of ultimate decision making, the Jones family will be able to protect each of us from each other.” I submit that this proposal would get very short shrift, except perhaps from the Jones family themselves. And yet this is precisely the common argument for the existence of the state. When we start from the zero point, as in the case of the Jones family, the question of “who will guard the guardians?” becomes not simply an abiding lacuna in the theory of the state but an overwhelming barrier to its existence.
A final caveat: the anarchist is always at a disadvantage in attempting to forecast the shape of the future anarchist society. For it is impossible for observers to predict voluntary social arrangements, including the provision of goods and services, on the free market. Suppose, for example, that this were the year 1874 and that someone predicted that eventually there would be a radio-manufacturing industry. To be able to make such a forecast successfully, does he have to be challenged to state immediately how many radio manufacturers there would be a century hence, how big they would be, where they would be located, what technology and marketing techniques they would use, and so on? Obviously, such a challenge would make no sense, and in a profound sense the same is true of those who demand a precise portrayal of the pattern of protection activities on the market. Anarchism advocates the dissolution of the state into social and market arrangements, and these arrangements are far more flexible and less predictable than political institutions. The most that we can do, then, is to offer broad guidelines and perspectives on the shape of a projected anarchist society.
One important point to make here is that the advance of modern technology makes anarchistic arrangements increasingly feasible. Take, for example, the case of lighthouses, where it is often charged that it is unfeasible for private lighthouse operators to row out to each ship to charge it for use of the light. Apart from the fact that this argument ignores the successful existence of private lighthouses in earlier days, as in England in the eighteenth century, another vital consideration is that modern electronic technology makes charging each ship for the light far more feasible. Thus, the ship would have to have paid for an electronically controlled beam which could then be automatically turned on for those ships which had paid for the service.
Let us turn now to the problem of how disputes — in particular disputes over alleged violations of person and property — would be resolved in an anarchist society. First, it should be noted that all disputes involve two parties: the plaintiff, the alleged victim of the crime or tort and the defendant, the alleged aggressor. In many cases of broken contract, of course, each of the two parties alleging that the other is the culprit is at the same time a plaintiff and a defendant.
An important point to remember is that any society, be it statist or anarchist, has to have some way of resolving disputes that will gain a majority consensus in society. There would be no need for courts or arbitrators if everyone were omniscient and knew instantaneously which persons were guilty of any given crime or violation of contract. Since none of us is omniscient, there has to be some method of deciding who is the criminal or lawbreaker which will gain legitimacy; in short, whose decision will be accepted by the great majority of the public.
In the first place, a dispute may be resolved voluntarily between the two parties themselves, either unaided or with the help of a third mediator. This poses no problem, and will automatically be accepted by society at large. It is so accepted even now, much less in a society imbued with the anarchistic values of peaceful cooperation and agreement. Secondly and similarly, the two parties, unable to reach agreement, may decide to submit voluntarily to the decision of an arbitrator. This agreement may arise either after a dispute has arisen, or be provided for in advance in the original contract. Again, there is no problem in such an arrangement gaining legitimacy. Even in the present statist era, the notorious inefficiency and coercive and cumbersome procedures of the politically run government courts has led increasing numbers of citizens to turn to voluntary and expert arbitration for a speedy and harmonious settling of disputes.
Thus, William C. Wooldridge has written that
Wooldridge adds the important point that, in addition to the speed of arbitration procedures vis-à-vis the courts, the arbitrators can proceed as experts in disregard of the official government law; in a profound sense, then, they serve to create a voluntary body of private law. “In other words,” states Wooldridge, “the system of extralegal, voluntary courts has progressed hand in hand with a body of private law; the rules of the state are circumvented by the same process that circumvents the forums established for the settlement of disputes over those rules…. In short, a private agreement between two people, a bilateral “law,” has supplanted the official law. The writ of the sovereign has cease to run, and for it is substituted a rule tacitly or explicitly agreed to by the parties. Wooldridge concludes that “if an arbitrator can choose to ignore a penal damage rule or the statute of limitations applicable to the claim before him (and it is generally conceded that he has that power), arbitration can be viewed as a practically revolutionary instrument for self-liberation from the law….”2
It may be objected that arbitration only works successfully because the courts enforce the award of the arbitrator. Wooldridge points out, however, that arbitration was unenforceable in the American courts before 1920, but that this did not prevent voluntary arbitration from being successful and expanding in the United States and in England. He points, furthermore, to the successful operations of merchant courts since the Middle Ages, those courts which successfully developed the entire body of the law merchant. None of those courts possessed the power of enforcement. He might have added the private courts of shippers which developed the body of admiralty law in a similar way.
How then did these private, “anarchistic,” and voluntary courts ensure the acceptance of their decisions? By the method of social ostracism, and by the refusal to deal any further with the offending merchant. This method of voluntary “enforcement,” indeed proved highly successful. Wooldridge writes that “the merchants’ courts were voluntary, and if a man ignored their judgment, he could not be sent to jail…. Nevertheless, it is apparent that … [their] decisions were generally respected even by the losers; otherwise people would never have used them in the first place…. Merchants made their courts work simply by agreeing to abide by the results. The merchant who broke the understanding would not be sent to jail, to be sure, but neither would he long continue to be a merchant, for the compliance exacted by his fellows … proved if anything more effective than physical coercion.”3 Nor did this voluntary method fail to work in modern times. Wooldridge writes that it was precisely in the years before 1920, when arbitration awards could not be enforced in the courts,
It should also be pointed out that modern technology makes even more feasible the collection and dissemination of information about people’s credit ratings and records of keeping or violating their contracts or arbitration agreements. Presumably, an anarchist society would see the expansion of this sort of dissemination of data and thereby facilitate the ostracism or boycotting of contract and arbitration violators.
How would arbitrators be selected in an anarchist society? In the same way as they are chosen now, and as they were chosen in the days of strictly voluntary arbitration: the arbitrators with the best reputation for efficiency and probity would be chosen by the various parties on the market. As in other processes of the market, the arbitrators with the best record in settling disputes will come to gain an increasing amount of business, and those with poor records will no longer enjoy clients and will have to shift to another line of endeavor. Here it must be emphasized that parties in dispute will seek out those arbitrators with the best reputation for both expertise and impartiality and that inefficient or biased arbitrators will rapidly have to find another occupation.
Thus, the Tannehills emphasize:
If desired, furthermore, the contracting parties could provide in advance for a series of arbitrators:
Arbitration, then, poses little difficulty for a portrayal of the free society. But what of torts or crimes of aggression where there has been no contract? Or suppose that the breaker of a contract defies the arbitration award? Is ostracism enough? In short, how can courts develop in the free-market anarchist society which will have the power to enforce judgments against criminals or contract breakers?
In the wide sense, defense service consists of guards or police who use force in defending person and property against attack, and judges or courts whose role is to use socially accepted procedures to determine who the criminals or tortfeasors are, as well as to enforce judicial awards, such as damages or the keeping of contracts. On the free market, many scenarios are possible on the relationship between the private courts and the police; they may be “vertically integrated,” for example, or their services may be supplied by separate firms. Furthermore, it seems likely that police service will be supplied by insurance companies who will provide crime insurance to their clients. In that case, insurance companies will pay off the victims of crime or the breaking of contracts or arbitration awards and then pursue the aggressors in court to recoup their losses. There is a natural market connection between insurance companies and defense service, since they need pay out less benefits in proportion as they are able to keep down the rate of crime.
Courts might either charge fees for their services, with the losers of cases obliged to pay court costs, or else they may subsist on monthly or yearly premiums by their clients, who may be either individuals or the police or insurance agencies. Suppose, for example, that Smith is an aggrieved party, either because he has been assaulted or robbed, or because an arbitration award in his favor has not been honored. Smith believes that Jones is the party guilty of the crime. Smith then goes to a court, Court A, of which he is a client, and brings charges against Jones as a defendant. In my view, the hallmark of an anarchist society is one where no man may legally compel someone who is not a convicted criminal to do anything, since that would be aggression against an innocent man’s person or property. Therefore, Court A can only invite rather than subpoena Jones to attend his trial. Of course, if Jones refused to appear or send a representative, his side of the case will not be heard. The trial of Jones proceeds. Suppose that Court A finds Jones innocent. In my view, part of the generally accepted law code of the anarchist society (on which see further below) is that this must end the matter unless Smith can prove charges of gross incompetence or bias on the part of the court.
Suppose, next, that Court A finds Jones guilty. Jones might accept the verdict, because he too is a client of the same court, because he knows he is guilty, or for some other reason. In that case, Court A proceeds to exercise judgment against Jones. Neither of these instances poses very difficult problems for our picture of the anarchist society. But suppose, instead, that Jones contests the decision; he then goes to his court, Court B, and the case is retried there. Suppose that Court B, too, finds Jones guilty. Again, it seems to me that the accepted law code of the anarchist society will assert that this ends the matter; both parties have had their say in courts which each has selected, and the decision for guilt is unanimous.
Suppose, however, the most difficult case: that Court B finds Jones innocent. The two courts, each subscribed to by one of the two parties, have split their verdicts. In that case, the two courts will submit the case to an appeals court, or arbitrator, which the two courts agree upon. There seems to be no real difficulty about the concept of an appeals court. As in the case of arbitration contracts, it seems very likely that the various private courts in the society will have prior agreements to submit their disputes to a particular appeals court. How will the appeals judges be chosen? Again, as in the case of arbitrators or of the first judges on the free market, they will be chosen for their expertise and their reputation for efficiency, honesty, and integrity. Obviously, appeals judges who are inefficient or biased will scarcely be chosen by courts who will have a dispute. The point here is that there is no need for a legally established or institutionalized single, monopoly appeals court system, as states now provide. There is no reason why there cannot arise a multitude of efficient and honest appeals judges who will be selected by the disputant courts, just as there are numerous private arbitrators on the market today. The appeals court renders its decision, and the courts proceed to enforce it if, in our example, Jones is considered guilty — unless, of course, Jones can prove bias in some other court proceedings.
No society can have unlimited judicial appeals, for in that case there would be no point to having judges or courts at all. Therefore, every society, whether statist or anarchist, will have to have some socially accepted cutoff point for trials and appeals. My suggestion is the rule that the agreement of any two courts, be decisive. “Two” is not an arbitrary figure, for it reflects the fact that there are two parties, the plaintiff and the defendant, to any alleged crime or contract dispute.
If the courts are to be empowered to enforce decision against guilty parties, does this not bring back the state in another form and thereby negate anarchism? No, for at the beginning of this paper I explicitly defined anarchism in such a way as not to rule out the use of defensive force — force in defense of person and property — by privately supported agencies. In the same way, it is not bringing back the state to allow persons to use force to defend themselves against aggression, or to hire guards or police agencies to defend them.
It should be noted, however, that in the anarchist society there will be no “district attorney” to press charges on behalf of “society.” Only the victims will press charges as the plaintiffs. If, then, these victims should happen to be absolute pacifists who are opposed even to defensive force, then they will simply not press charges in the courts or otherwise retaliate against those who have aggressed against them. In a free society that would be their right. If the victim should suffer from murder, then his heir would have the right to press the charges.
What of the Hatfield-and-McCoy problem? Suppose that a Hatfield kills a McCoy, and that McCoy’s heir does not belong to a private insurance, police agency, or court, and decides to retaliate himself? Since under anarchism there can be no coercion of the noncriminal, McCoy would have the perfect right to do so. No one may be compelled to bring his case to a court. Indeed, since the right to hire police or courts flows from the right of self-defense against aggression, it would be inconsistent and in contradiction to the very basis of the free society to institute such compulsion.
Suppose, then, that the surviving McCoy finds what he believes to be the guilty Hatfield and kills him in turn? What then? This is fine, except that McCoy may have to worry about charges being brought against him by a surviving Hatfield. Here it must be emphasized that in the law of the anarchist society based on defense against aggression, the courts would not be able to proceed against McCoy if in fact he killed the right Hatfield. His problem would arise if the courts should find that he made a grievous mistake and killed the wrong man; in that case, he in turn would be found guilty of murder. Surely, in most instances, individuals will wish to obviate such problems by taking their case to a court and thereby gain social acceptability for their defensive retaliation — not for the act of retaliation but for the correctness of deciding who the criminal in any given case might be. The purpose of the judicial process, indeed, is to find a way of general agreement on who might be the criminal or contract breaker in any given case. The judicial process is not a good in itself; thus, in the case of an assassination, such as Jack Ruby’s murder of Lee Harvey Oswald, on public television, there is no need for a complex judicial process, since the name of the murderer is evident to all.
Will not the possibility exist of a private court that may turn venal and dishonest, or of a private police force that turns criminal and extorts money by coercion? Of course such an event may occur, given the propensities of human nature. Anarchism is not a moral cure-all. But the important point is that market forces exist to place severe checks on such possibilities, especially in contrast to a society where a state exists. For, in the first place, judges, like arbitrators, will prosper on the market in proportion to their reputation for efficiency and impartiality. Secondly, on the free market important checks and balances exist against venal courts or criminal police forces. Namely, that there are competing courts and police agencies to whom victims may turn for redress. If the “Prudential Police Agency” should turn outlaw and extract revenue from victims by coercion, the latter would have the option of turning to the “Mutual” or “Equitable” Police Agency for defense and for pressing charges against Prudential. These are the genuine “checks and balances” of the free market, genuine in contrast to the phony check and balances of a state system, where all the alleged “balancing” agencies are in the hands of one monopoly government. Indeed, given the monopoly “protection service” of a state, what is there to prevent a state from using its monopoly channels of coercion to extort money from the public? What are the checks and limits of the state? None, except for the extremely difficult course of revolution against a power with all of the guns in its hands. In fact, the state provides an easy, legitimated channel for crime and aggression, since it has its very being in the crime of tax theft, and the coerced monopoly of “protection.” It is the state, indeed, that functions as a mighty “protection racket” on a giant and massive scale. It is the state that says: “Pay us for your ‘protection’ or else.” In the light of the massive and inherent activities of the state, the danger of a “protection racket” emerging from one or more private police agencies is relatively small indeed.
Moreover, it must be emphasized that a crucial element in the power of the state is its legitimacy in the eyes of the majority of the public, the fact that after centuries of propaganda, the depredations of the state are looked upon rather as benevolent services. Taxation is generally not seen as theft, nor war as mass murder, nor conscription as slavery. Should a private police agency turn outlaw, should “Prudential” become a protection racket, it would then lack the social legitimacy which the state has managed to accrue to itself over the centuries. “Prudential” would be seen by all as bandits, rather than as legitimate or divinely appointed “sovereigns” bent on promoting the “common good” or the “general welfare.” And lacking such legitimacy, “Prudential” would have to face the wrath of the public and the defense and retaliation of the other private defense agencies, the police and courts, on the free market. Given these inherent checks and limits, a successful transformation from a free society to bandit rule becomes most unlikely. Indeed, historically, it has been very difficult for a state to arise to supplant a stateless society; usually, it has come about through external conquest rather than by evolution from within a society.
Within the anarchist camp, there has been much dispute on whether the private courts would have to be bound by a basic, common law code. Ingenious attempts have been made to work out a system where the laws or standards of decision-making by the courts would differ completely from one to another.7 But in my view all would have to abide by the basic law code, in particular, prohibition of aggression against person and property, in order to fulfill our definition of anarchism as a system which provides no legal sanction for such aggression. Suppose, for example, that one group of people in society holds that all redheads are demons who deserve to be shot on sight. Suppose that Jones, one of this group, shoots Smith, a redhead. Suppose that Smith or his heir presses charges in a court, but that Jones’s court, in philosophic agreement with Jones, finds him innocent therefore. It seems to me that in order to be considered legitimate, any court would have to follow the basic libertarian law code of the inviolate right of person and property. For otherwise, courts might legally subscribe to a code which sanctions such aggression in various cases, and which to that extent would violate the definition of anarchism and introduce, if not the state, then a strong element of statishness or legalized aggression into the society.
But again I see no insuperable difficulties here. For in that case, anarchists, in agitating for their creed, will simply include in their agitation the idea of a general libertarian law code as part and parcel of the anarchist creed of abolition of legalized aggression against person or property in the society.
In contrast to the general law code, other aspects of court decisions could legitimately vary in accordance with the market or the wishes of the clients; for example, the language the cases will be conducted in, the number of judges to be involved, and so on.
There are other problems of the basic law code which there is no time to go into here: for example, the definition of just property titles or the question of legitimate punishment of convicted offenders — though the latter problem of course exists in statist legal systems as well.8 The basic point, however, is that the state is not needed to arrive at legal principles or their elaboration: indeed, much of the common law, the law merchant, admiralty law, and private law in general, grew up apart from the state, by judges not making the law but finding it on the basis of agreed-upon principles derived either from custom or reason.9 The idea that the state is needed to make law is as much a myth as that the state is needed to supply postal or police services.
Enough has been said here, I believe, to indicate that an anarchist system for settling disputes would be both viable and self-subsistent: that once adopted, it could work and continue indefinitely. How to arrive at that system is of course a very different problem, but certainly at the very least it will not likely come about unless people are convinced of its workability, are convinced, in short, that the state is not a necessary evil.

[Murray Rothbard delivered this talk 32 years ago today at the American Society for Political and Legal Philosophy (ASPLP), Washington, DC: December 28, 1974. It was first published in The Libertarian Forum, volume 7.1, January 1975, available in PDF and ePub.]
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2024.05.14 06:30 Anenome5 Society without a State - Rothbard

https://mises.org/mises-daily/society-without-state
In attempting to outline how a “society without a state” — that is, an anarchist society — might function successfully, I would first like to defuse two common but mistaken criticisms of this approach. First, is the argument that in providing for such defense or protection services as courts, police, or even law itself, I am simply smuggling the state back into society in another form, and that therefore the system I am both analyzing and advocating is not “really” anarchism. This sort of criticism can only involve us in an endless and arid dispute over semantics. Let me say from the beginning that I define the state as that institution which possesses one or both (almost always both) of the following properties: (1) it acquires its income by the physical coercion known as “taxation”; and (2) it asserts and usually obtains a coerced monopoly of the provision of defense service (police and courts) over a given territorial area. An institution not possessing either of these properties is not and cannot be, in accordance with my definition, a state. On the other hand, I define anarchist society as one where there is no legal possibility for coercive aggression against the person or property of an individual. Anarchists oppose the state because it has its very being in such aggression, namely, the expropriation of private property through taxation, the coercive exclusion of other providers of defense service from its territory, and all of the other depredations and coercions that are built upon these twin foci of invasions of individual rights.
Nor is our definition of the state arbitrary, for these two characteristics have been possessed by what is generally acknowledged to be states throughout recorded history. The state, by its use of physical coercion, has arrogated to itself a compulsory monopoly of defense services over its territorial jurisdiction. But it is certainly conceptually possible for such services to be supplied by private, non-state institutions, and indeed such services have historically been supplied by other organizations than the state. To be opposed to the state is then not necessarily to be opposed to services that have often been linked with it; to be opposed to the state does not necessarily imply that we must be opposed to police protection, courts, arbitration, the minting of money, postal service, or roads and highways. Some anarchists have indeed been opposed to police and to all physical coercion in defense of person and property, but this is not inherent in and is fundamentally irrelevant to the anarchist position, which is precisely marked by opposition to all physical coercion invasive of, or aggressing against, person and property.
The crucial role of taxation may be seen in the fact that the state is the only institution or organization in society which regularly and systematically acquires its income through the use of physical coercion. All other individuals or organizations acquire their income voluntarily, either (1) through the voluntary sale of goods and services to consumers on the market, or (2) through voluntary gifts or donations by members or other donors. If I cease or refrain from purchasing Wheaties on the market, the Wheaties producers do not come after me with a gun or the threat of imprisonment to force me to purchase; if I fail to join the American Philosophical Association, the association may not force me to join or prevent me from giving up my membership. Only the state can do so; only the state can confiscate my property or put me in jail if I do not pay its tax tribute. Therefore, only the state regularly exists and has its very being by means of coercive depredations on private property.
Neither is it legitimate to challenge this sort of analysis by claiming that in some other sense, the purchase of Wheaties or membership in the APA is in some way “coercive.” Anyone who is still unhappy with this use of the term “coercion” can simply eliminate the word from this discussion and substitute for it “physical violence or the threat thereof,” with the only loss being in literary style rather than in the substance of the argument. What anarchism proposes to do, then, is to abolish the state, that is, to abolish the regularized institution of aggressive coercion.
It need hardly be added that the state habitually builds upon its coercive source of income by adding a host of other aggressions upon society, ranging from economic controls to the prohibition of pornography to the compelling of religious observance to the mass murder of civilians in organized warfare. In short, the state, in the words of Albert Jay Nock, “claims and exercises a monopoly of crime” over its territorial area.
The second criticism I would like to defuse before beginning the main body of the paper is the common charge that anarchists “assume that all people are good” and that without the state no crime would be committed. In short, that anarchism assumes that with the abolition of the state a New Anarchist Man will emerge, cooperative, humane, and benevolent, so that no problem of crime will then plague the society. I confess that I do not understand the basis for this charge. Whatever other schools of anarchism profess — and I do not believe that they are open to the charge — I certainly do not adopt this view. I assume with most observers that mankind is a mixture of good and evil, of cooperative and criminal tendencies. In my view, the anarchist society is one which maximizes the tendencies for the good and the cooperative, while it minimizes both the opportunity and the moral legitimacy of the evil and the criminal. If the anarchist view is correct and the state is indeed the great legalized and socially legitimated channel for all manner of antisocial crime — theft, oppression, mass murder — on a massive scale, then surely the abolition of such an engine of crime can do nothing but favor the good in man and discourage the bad.
A further point: in a profound sense, no social system, whether anarchist or statist, can work at all unless most people are “good” in the sense that they are not all hell-bent upon assaulting and robbing their neighbors. If everyone were so disposed, no amount of protection, whether state or private, could succeed in staving off chaos. Furthermore, the more that people are disposed to be peaceful and not aggress against their neighbors, the more successfully any social system will work, and the fewer resources will need to be devoted to police protection. The anarchist view holds that, given the “nature of man,” given the degree of goodness or badness at any point in time, anarchism will maximize the opportunities for the good and minimize the channels for the bad. The rest depends on the values held by the individual members of society. The only further point that need be made is that by eliminating the living example and the social legitimacy of the massive legalized crime of the state, anarchism will to a large extent promote peaceful values in the minds of the public.
We cannot of course deal here with the numerous arguments in favor of anarchism or against the state, moral, political, and economic. Nor can we take up the various goods and services now provided by the state and show how private individuals and groups will be able to supply them far more efficiently on the free market. Here we can only deal with perhaps the most difficult area, the area where it is almost universally assumed that the state must exist and act, even if it is only a “necessary evil” instead of a positive good: the vital realm of defense or protection of person and property against aggression. Surely, it is universally asserted, the state is at least vitally necessary to provide police protection, the judicial resolution of disputes and enforcement of contracts, and the creation of the law itself that is to be enforced. My contention is that all of these admittedly necessary services of protection can be satisfactorily and efficiently supplied by private persons and institutions on the free market.
One important caveat before we begin the body of this paper: new proposals such as anarchism are almost always gauged against the implicit assumption that the present, or statist system works to perfection. Any lacunae or difficulties with the picture of the anarchist society are considered net liabilities, and enough to dismiss anarchism out of hand. It is, in short, implicitly assumed that the state is doing its self-assumed job of protecting person and property to perfection. We cannot here go into the reasons why the state is bound to suffer inherently from grave flaws and inefficiencies in such a task. All we need do now is to point to the black and unprecedented record of the state through history: no combination of private marauders can possibly begin to match the state’s unremitting record of theft, confiscation, oppression, and mass murder. No collection of Mafia or private bank robbers can begin to compare with all the Hiroshimas, Dresdens, and Lidices and their analogues through the history of mankind.
This point can be made more philosophically: it is illegitimate to compare the merits of anarchism and statism by starting with the present system as the implicit given and then critically examining only the anarchist alternative. What we must do is to begin at the zero point and then critically examine both suggested alternatives. Suppose, for example, that we were all suddenly dropped down on the earth de novo and that we were all then confronted with the question of what societal arrangements to adopt. And suppose then that someone suggested: “We are all bound to suffer from those of us who wish to aggress against their fellow men. Let us then solve this problem of crime by handing all of our weapons to the Jones family, over there, by giving all of our ultimate power to settle disputes to that family. In that way, with their monopoly of coercion and of ultimate decision making, the Jones family will be able to protect each of us from each other.” I submit that this proposal would get very short shrift, except perhaps from the Jones family themselves. And yet this is precisely the common argument for the existence of the state. When we start from the zero point, as in the case of the Jones family, the question of “who will guard the guardians?” becomes not simply an abiding lacuna in the theory of the state but an overwhelming barrier to its existence.
A final caveat: the anarchist is always at a disadvantage in attempting to forecast the shape of the future anarchist society. For it is impossible for observers to predict voluntary social arrangements, including the provision of goods and services, on the free market. Suppose, for example, that this were the year 1874 and that someone predicted that eventually there would be a radio-manufacturing industry. To be able to make such a forecast successfully, does he have to be challenged to state immediately how many radio manufacturers there would be a century hence, how big they would be, where they would be located, what technology and marketing techniques they would use, and so on? Obviously, such a challenge would make no sense, and in a profound sense the same is true of those who demand a precise portrayal of the pattern of protection activities on the market. Anarchism advocates the dissolution of the state into social and market arrangements, and these arrangements are far more flexible and less predictable than political institutions. The most that we can do, then, is to offer broad guidelines and perspectives on the shape of a projected anarchist society.
One important point to make here is that the advance of modern technology makes anarchistic arrangements increasingly feasible. Take, for example, the case of lighthouses, where it is often charged that it is unfeasible for private lighthouse operators to row out to each ship to charge it for use of the light. Apart from the fact that this argument ignores the successful existence of private lighthouses in earlier days, as in England in the eighteenth century, another vital consideration is that modern electronic technology makes charging each ship for the light far more feasible. Thus, the ship would have to have paid for an electronically controlled beam which could then be automatically turned on for those ships which had paid for the service.
Let us turn now to the problem of how disputes — in particular disputes over alleged violations of person and property — would be resolved in an anarchist society. First, it should be noted that all disputes involve two parties: the plaintiff, the alleged victim of the crime or tort and the defendant, the alleged aggressor. In many cases of broken contract, of course, each of the two parties alleging that the other is the culprit is at the same time a plaintiff and a defendant.
An important point to remember is that any society, be it statist or anarchist, has to have some way of resolving disputes that will gain a majority consensus in society. There would be no need for courts or arbitrators if everyone were omniscient and knew instantaneously which persons were guilty of any given crime or violation of contract. Since none of us is omniscient, there has to be some method of deciding who is the criminal or lawbreaker which will gain legitimacy; in short, whose decision will be accepted by the great majority of the public.
In the first place, a dispute may be resolved voluntarily between the two parties themselves, either unaided or with the help of a third mediator. This poses no problem, and will automatically be accepted by society at large. It is so accepted even now, much less in a society imbued with the anarchistic values of peaceful cooperation and agreement. Secondly and similarly, the two parties, unable to reach agreement, may decide to submit voluntarily to the decision of an arbitrator. This agreement may arise either after a dispute has arisen, or be provided for in advance in the original contract. Again, there is no problem in such an arrangement gaining legitimacy. Even in the present statist era, the notorious inefficiency and coercive and cumbersome procedures of the politically run government courts has led increasing numbers of citizens to turn to voluntary and expert arbitration for a speedy and harmonious settling of disputes.
Thus, William C. Wooldridge has written that
Wooldridge adds the important point that, in addition to the speed of arbitration procedures vis-à-vis the courts, the arbitrators can proceed as experts in disregard of the official government law; in a profound sense, then, they serve to create a voluntary body of private law. “In other words,” states Wooldridge, “the system of extralegal, voluntary courts has progressed hand in hand with a body of private law; the rules of the state are circumvented by the same process that circumvents the forums established for the settlement of disputes over those rules…. In short, a private agreement between two people, a bilateral “law,” has supplanted the official law. The writ of the sovereign has cease to run, and for it is substituted a rule tacitly or explicitly agreed to by the parties. Wooldridge concludes that “if an arbitrator can choose to ignore a penal damage rule or the statute of limitations applicable to the claim before him (and it is generally conceded that he has that power), arbitration can be viewed as a practically revolutionary instrument for self-liberation from the law….”2
It may be objected that arbitration only works successfully because the courts enforce the award of the arbitrator. Wooldridge points out, however, that arbitration was unenforceable in the American courts before 1920, but that this did not prevent voluntary arbitration from being successful and expanding in the United States and in England. He points, furthermore, to the successful operations of merchant courts since the Middle Ages, those courts which successfully developed the entire body of the law merchant. None of those courts possessed the power of enforcement. He might have added the private courts of shippers which developed the body of admiralty law in a similar way.
How then did these private, “anarchistic,” and voluntary courts ensure the acceptance of their decisions? By the method of social ostracism, and by the refusal to deal any further with the offending merchant. This method of voluntary “enforcement,” indeed proved highly successful. Wooldridge writes that “the merchants’ courts were voluntary, and if a man ignored their judgment, he could not be sent to jail…. Nevertheless, it is apparent that … [their] decisions were generally respected even by the losers; otherwise people would never have used them in the first place…. Merchants made their courts work simply by agreeing to abide by the results. The merchant who broke the understanding would not be sent to jail, to be sure, but neither would he long continue to be a merchant, for the compliance exacted by his fellows … proved if anything more effective than physical coercion.”3 Nor did this voluntary method fail to work in modern times. Wooldridge writes that it was precisely in the years before 1920, when arbitration awards could not be enforced in the courts,
It should also be pointed out that modern technology makes even more feasible the collection and dissemination of information about people’s credit ratings and records of keeping or violating their contracts or arbitration agreements. Presumably, an anarchist society would see the expansion of this sort of dissemination of data and thereby facilitate the ostracism or boycotting of contract and arbitration violators.
How would arbitrators be selected in an anarchist society? In the same way as they are chosen now, and as they were chosen in the days of strictly voluntary arbitration: the arbitrators with the best reputation for efficiency and probity would be chosen by the various parties on the market. As in other processes of the market, the arbitrators with the best record in settling disputes will come to gain an increasing amount of business, and those with poor records will no longer enjoy clients and will have to shift to another line of endeavor. Here it must be emphasized that parties in dispute will seek out those arbitrators with the best reputation for both expertise and impartiality and that inefficient or biased arbitrators will rapidly have to find another occupation.
Thus, the Tannehills emphasize:
If desired, furthermore, the contracting parties could provide in advance for a series of arbitrators:
Arbitration, then, poses little difficulty for a portrayal of the free society. But what of torts or crimes of aggression where there has been no contract? Or suppose that the breaker of a contract defies the arbitration award? Is ostracism enough? In short, how can courts develop in the free-market anarchist society which will have the power to enforce judgments against criminals or contract breakers?
In the wide sense, defense service consists of guards or police who use force in defending person and property against attack, and judges or courts whose role is to use socially accepted procedures to determine who the criminals or tortfeasors are, as well as to enforce judicial awards, such as damages or the keeping of contracts. On the free market, many scenarios are possible on the relationship between the private courts and the police; they may be “vertically integrated,” for example, or their services may be supplied by separate firms. Furthermore, it seems likely that police service will be supplied by insurance companies who will provide crime insurance to their clients. In that case, insurance companies will pay off the victims of crime or the breaking of contracts or arbitration awards and then pursue the aggressors in court to recoup their losses. There is a natural market connection between insurance companies and defense service, since they need pay out less benefits in proportion as they are able to keep down the rate of crime.
Courts might either charge fees for their services, with the losers of cases obliged to pay court costs, or else they may subsist on monthly or yearly premiums by their clients, who may be either individuals or the police or insurance agencies. Suppose, for example, that Smith is an aggrieved party, either because he has been assaulted or robbed, or because an arbitration award in his favor has not been honored. Smith believes that Jones is the party guilty of the crime. Smith then goes to a court, Court A, of which he is a client, and brings charges against Jones as a defendant. In my view, the hallmark of an anarchist society is one where no man may legally compel someone who is not a convicted criminal to do anything, since that would be aggression against an innocent man’s person or property. Therefore, Court A can only invite rather than subpoena Jones to attend his trial. Of course, if Jones refused to appear or send a representative, his side of the case will not be heard. The trial of Jones proceeds. Suppose that Court A finds Jones innocent. In my view, part of the generally accepted law code of the anarchist society (on which see further below) is that this must end the matter unless Smith can prove charges of gross incompetence or bias on the part of the court.
Suppose, next, that Court A finds Jones guilty. Jones might accept the verdict, because he too is a client of the same court, because he knows he is guilty, or for some other reason. In that case, Court A proceeds to exercise judgment against Jones. Neither of these instances poses very difficult problems for our picture of the anarchist society. But suppose, instead, that Jones contests the decision; he then goes to his court, Court B, and the case is retried there. Suppose that Court B, too, finds Jones guilty. Again, it seems to me that the accepted law code of the anarchist society will assert that this ends the matter; both parties have had their say in courts which each has selected, and the decision for guilt is unanimous.
Suppose, however, the most difficult case: that Court B finds Jones innocent. The two courts, each subscribed to by one of the two parties, have split their verdicts. In that case, the two courts will submit the case to an appeals court, or arbitrator, which the two courts agree upon. There seems to be no real difficulty about the concept of an appeals court. As in the case of arbitration contracts, it seems very likely that the various private courts in the society will have prior agreements to submit their disputes to a particular appeals court. How will the appeals judges be chosen? Again, as in the case of arbitrators or of the first judges on the free market, they will be chosen for their expertise and their reputation for efficiency, honesty, and integrity. Obviously, appeals judges who are inefficient or biased will scarcely be chosen by courts who will have a dispute. The point here is that there is no need for a legally established or institutionalized single, monopoly appeals court system, as states now provide. There is no reason why there cannot arise a multitude of efficient and honest appeals judges who will be selected by the disputant courts, just as there are numerous private arbitrators on the market today. The appeals court renders its decision, and the courts proceed to enforce it if, in our example, Jones is considered guilty — unless, of course, Jones can prove bias in some other court proceedings.
No society can have unlimited judicial appeals, for in that case there would be no point to having judges or courts at all. Therefore, every society, whether statist or anarchist, will have to have some socially accepted cutoff point for trials and appeals. My suggestion is the rule that the agreement of any two courts, be decisive. “Two” is not an arbitrary figure, for it reflects the fact that there are two parties, the plaintiff and the defendant, to any alleged crime or contract dispute.
If the courts are to be empowered to enforce decision against guilty parties, does this not bring back the state in another form and thereby negate anarchism? No, for at the beginning of this paper I explicitly defined anarchism in such a way as not to rule out the use of defensive force — force in defense of person and property — by privately supported agencies. In the same way, it is not bringing back the state to allow persons to use force to defend themselves against aggression, or to hire guards or police agencies to defend them.
It should be noted, however, that in the anarchist society there will be no “district attorney” to press charges on behalf of “society.” Only the victims will press charges as the plaintiffs. If, then, these victims should happen to be absolute pacifists who are opposed even to defensive force, then they will simply not press charges in the courts or otherwise retaliate against those who have aggressed against them. In a free society that would be their right. If the victim should suffer from murder, then his heir would have the right to press the charges.
What of the Hatfield-and-McCoy problem? Suppose that a Hatfield kills a McCoy, and that McCoy’s heir does not belong to a private insurance, police agency, or court, and decides to retaliate himself? Since under anarchism there can be no coercion of the noncriminal, McCoy would have the perfect right to do so. No one may be compelled to bring his case to a court. Indeed, since the right to hire police or courts flows from the right of self-defense against aggression, it would be inconsistent and in contradiction to the very basis of the free society to institute such compulsion.
Suppose, then, that the surviving McCoy finds what he believes to be the guilty Hatfield and kills him in turn? What then? This is fine, except that McCoy may have to worry about charges being brought against him by a surviving Hatfield. Here it must be emphasized that in the law of the anarchist society based on defense against aggression, the courts would not be able to proceed against McCoy if in fact he killed the right Hatfield. His problem would arise if the courts should find that he made a grievous mistake and killed the wrong man; in that case, he in turn would be found guilty of murder. Surely, in most instances, individuals will wish to obviate such problems by taking their case to a court and thereby gain social acceptability for their defensive retaliation — not for the act of retaliation but for the correctness of deciding who the criminal in any given case might be. The purpose of the judicial process, indeed, is to find a way of general agreement on who might be the criminal or contract breaker in any given case. The judicial process is not a good in itself; thus, in the case of an assassination, such as Jack Ruby’s murder of Lee Harvey Oswald, on public television, there is no need for a complex judicial process, since the name of the murderer is evident to all.
Will not the possibility exist of a private court that may turn venal and dishonest, or of a private police force that turns criminal and extorts money by coercion? Of course such an event may occur, given the propensities of human nature. Anarchism is not a moral cure-all. But the important point is that market forces exist to place severe checks on such possibilities, especially in contrast to a society where a state exists. For, in the first place, judges, like arbitrators, will prosper on the market in proportion to their reputation for efficiency and impartiality. Secondly, on the free market important checks and balances exist against venal courts or criminal police forces. Namely, that there are competing courts and police agencies to whom victims may turn for redress. If the “Prudential Police Agency” should turn outlaw and extract revenue from victims by coercion, the latter would have the option of turning to the “Mutual” or “Equitable” Police Agency for defense and for pressing charges against Prudential. These are the genuine “checks and balances” of the free market, genuine in contrast to the phony check and balances of a state system, where all the alleged “balancing” agencies are in the hands of one monopoly government. Indeed, given the monopoly “protection service” of a state, what is there to prevent a state from using its monopoly channels of coercion to extort money from the public? What are the checks and limits of the state? None, except for the extremely difficult course of revolution against a power with all of the guns in its hands. In fact, the state provides an easy, legitimated channel for crime and aggression, since it has its very being in the crime of tax theft, and the coerced monopoly of “protection.” It is the state, indeed, that functions as a mighty “protection racket” on a giant and massive scale. It is the state that says: “Pay us for your ‘protection’ or else.” In the light of the massive and inherent activities of the state, the danger of a “protection racket” emerging from one or more private police agencies is relatively small indeed.
Moreover, it must be emphasized that a crucial element in the power of the state is its legitimacy in the eyes of the majority of the public, the fact that after centuries of propaganda, the depredations of the state are looked upon rather as benevolent services. Taxation is generally not seen as theft, nor war as mass murder, nor conscription as slavery. Should a private police agency turn outlaw, should “Prudential” become a protection racket, it would then lack the social legitimacy which the state has managed to accrue to itself over the centuries. “Prudential” would be seen by all as bandits, rather than as legitimate or divinely appointed “sovereigns” bent on promoting the “common good” or the “general welfare.” And lacking such legitimacy, “Prudential” would have to face the wrath of the public and the defense and retaliation of the other private defense agencies, the police and courts, on the free market. Given these inherent checks and limits, a successful transformation from a free society to bandit rule becomes most unlikely. Indeed, historically, it has been very difficult for a state to arise to supplant a stateless society; usually, it has come about through external conquest rather than by evolution from within a society.
Within the anarchist camp, there has been much dispute on whether the private courts would have to be bound by a basic, common law code. Ingenious attempts have been made to work out a system where the laws or standards of decision-making by the courts would differ completely from one to another.7 But in my view all would have to abide by the basic law code, in particular, prohibition of aggression against person and property, in order to fulfill our definition of anarchism as a system which provides no legal sanction for such aggression. Suppose, for example, that one group of people in society holds that all redheads are demons who deserve to be shot on sight. Suppose that Jones, one of this group, shoots Smith, a redhead. Suppose that Smith or his heir presses charges in a court, but that Jones’s court, in philosophic agreement with Jones, finds him innocent therefore. It seems to me that in order to be considered legitimate, any court would have to follow the basic libertarian law code of the inviolate right of person and property. For otherwise, courts might legally subscribe to a code which sanctions such aggression in various cases, and which to that extent would violate the definition of anarchism and introduce, if not the state, then a strong element of statishness or legalized aggression into the society.
But again I see no insuperable difficulties here. For in that case, anarchists, in agitating for their creed, will simply include in their agitation the idea of a general libertarian law code as part and parcel of the anarchist creed of abolition of legalized aggression against person or property in the society.
In contrast to the general law code, other aspects of court decisions could legitimately vary in accordance with the market or the wishes of the clients; for example, the language the cases will be conducted in, the number of judges to be involved, and so on.
There are other problems of the basic law code which there is no time to go into here: for example, the definition of just property titles or the question of legitimate punishment of convicted offenders — though the latter problem of course exists in statist legal systems as well.8 The basic point, however, is that the state is not needed to arrive at legal principles or their elaboration: indeed, much of the common law, the law merchant, admiralty law, and private law in general, grew up apart from the state, by judges not making the law but finding it on the basis of agreed-upon principles derived either from custom or reason.9 The idea that the state is needed to make law is as much a myth as that the state is needed to supply postal or police services.
Enough has been said here, I believe, to indicate that an anarchist system for settling disputes would be both viable and self-subsistent: that once adopted, it could work and continue indefinitely. How to arrive at that system is of course a very different problem, but certainly at the very least it will not likely come about unless people are convinced of its workability, are convinced, in short, that the state is not a necessary evil.

[Murray Rothbard delivered this talk 32 years ago today at the American Society for Political and Legal Philosophy (ASPLP), Washington, DC: December 28, 1974. It was first published in The Libertarian Forum, volume 7.1, January 1975, available in PDF and ePub.]
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2024.05.14 01:51 LeftoverGarbage The Best IPTV provider in USA and Why ?

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submitted by LeftoverGarbage to iptvspot1 [link] [comments]

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submitted by Hot_Entertainment695 to aitoolsdeals [link] [comments]

2024.05.14 00:25 Vulcan__111 [H] Games and Idle Service [W] +1 Games i don't have and Steam Wallet (Cases/Gems/Keys/etc.)

IGS +REP

I HAVE MULTIPLE KEYS FOR MOST OF MY GAMES.

I HAVE NO INTEREST IN GAMES THAT DO NOT ADD +1 TO THE GAME COUNT SUCH AS ''PROFILE LIMITED'' GAMES OR ''STEAM IS LEARNING ABOUT THIS GAME'' GAMES.

I HAVE NO INTEREST IN ALPHA, BETA, DEV AND NON-STEAM KEYS.

NOTIFY ME IF MY KEYS ARE NOT FOR YOUR PERSONAL USE, I WON'T TAKE RESPONSIBILITY IF I WASN'T NOTIFIED.

MY 4 YEAR OLD ACCOUNT WITH 4K GAMES IS THE ONLY STEAM ACCOUNT I HAVE AND THE ACCOUNTS ON THE CUSTOM INFO BOX TITLED ''FURTHER INFORMATION'' AT THE TOP OF MY STEAM PROFILE ARE THE ONLY OTHER ACCOUNTS I HAVE ON OTHER PLATFORMS, PLEASE VERIFY THAT YOU ARE TRADING WITH ME AND NOT A IMPERSONATOR.

MISC Fast Idle Service (Idle Master Extended) 1 Month Discord Nitro
GAMES Citizen Sleeper Amazing American Circus Air Conflicts: Secret Wars Alien Hallway Alien Shooter 2: Reloaded Alien Spidy A New Beginning - Final Cut Angvik AquaNox AquaNox 2: Revelation Aura: Fate of the Ages Aveyond 3-1: Lord of Twilight Axis Game Factory's AGFPRO + Voxel Sculpt + PREMIUM Bundle Axis Game Factory's AGFPRO Zombie FPS Player DLC Axis Game Factory's AGFPRO - Zombie Survival Pack DLC Bad Rats: the Rats' Revenge Cat on a Diet Ceville Crazy Buggy Racing Crazy Machines 1.5 Crazy Machines 1.5 Inventors Training Camp Crazy Machines 2: Back to the Shop Add-On Crazy Machines 2: Halloween Crazy Machines 2: Happy New Year DLC Crazy Machines 2 - Invaders from Space Crazy Machines 2: Invaders From Space, 2nd Wave DLC Crazy Machines 2 - Jewel Digger DLC Crazy Machines 2: Liquid Force Add-on Crazy Machines 2: Pirates Crazy Machines 2: Time Travel Add-On Crazy Machines Elements DLC - Collision Course & Mental Activity Crazy Machines Elements DLC - Gadget Fun & Tricky Riddles Critical Mass Expansion - Crusader Kings II: Sunset Invasion Expansion - Crusader Kings II: The Old Gods Dark Fear Deadly 30 Deep Dungeons of Doom Defunct Disciples II: Gallean's Return Disciples II: Rise of the Elves Doc Clock: The Toasted Sandwich of Time Dollar Dash Down To One Drawful 2 Dynamite Jack Edna & Harvey: The Breakout Empress Of The Deep Eternal Step eXceed - Gun Bullet Children eXceed 2nd - Vampire REX eXceed 3rd - Jade Penetrate Black Package Explodemon Fairy Bloom Freesia FlatOut FUEL Gravi Greed: Black Border Grind Zones Grotesque Tactics: Evil Heroes Grotesque Tactics 2 – Dungeons and Donuts Guns of Icarus Hacker Evolution Duality: Hardcore Package Part 1 DLC Hacker Evolution Duality: Inception Part 1 DLC Hacker Evolution Duality: Inception Part 2 DLC Heileen 2: The Hands Of Fate Holy Avatar vs. Maidens of the Dead Huntsman: The Orphanage (Halloween Edition) Hydrophobia: Prophecy In Between inMomentum Kalaban Keebles King Arthur Collection (March 2012) King's Bounty: Armored Princess Konung 2 Konung 3: Ties of the Dynasty Labyrinthine Dreams Last Dream Lead and Gold: Gangs of the Wild West Magicka DLC Indiegala Tier 2 Magicka DLC Indiegala Tier 3 Magicka: Robe Bundle Making History: The Calm & the Storm Men of War™ Men of War: Assault Squad Men of War: Assault Squad - DLC Pack Men of War: Assault Squad - Game of the Year Edition Meridian: New World Miner Wars 2081 Miner Wars Arena Mirror Mysteries NecroVision NecroVisioN: Lost Company On The Path Operation Flashpoint: Red River Overcast - Walden and the Werewolf Patrician III Pixel Heroes: Byte & Magic Plush POPixel Puzzle Kingdoms Quell Quell Memento Quell Reflect Real Horror Stories Ultimate Edition Rebel Galaxy Reign: Conflict of Nations Rig n Roll Rise of Flight: Channel Battles Edition Rise of Flight: Legendary Bombers Run Away Sacraboar Sacred Gold Satellite Repairman Saturday Morning RPG Save the Dodos Shadowgrounds Survivor Skilltree Saga Sky Mercenaries Solar Shifter EX SoulCraft Square's Route Starsphere Star Wolves Summoner Sweet Lily Dreams Switch Galaxy Ultra Theatre of War Theatre of War 2: Africa 1943 Theatre of War 2: Centauro Theatre of War 2: Kursk 1943 Theatre of War 3: Korea The Flying Dutchman The God's Chain Toby: The Secret Mine Trapped Dead Trauma Turba Twin Sector Two Worlds II HD Two Worlds II - Pirates of the Flying Fortress Type:Rider UFO Afterlight Retail US and THEM Vegas: Make It Big™ War of the Roses Warrior Kings Warriors' Wrath Who's That Flying?! Zeno Clash 2 Zombie Driver HD Zombie Driver HD Complete Edition Zombie Pirates ZombieRush Zombie Shooter
I HAVE MULTIPLE KEYS FOR MOST OF MY GAMES.

I HAVE NO INTEREST IN GAMES THAT DO NOT ADD +1 TO THE GAME COUNT SUCH AS ''PROFILE LIMITED'' GAMES OR ''STEAM IS LEARNING ABOUT THIS GAME'' GAMES.

I HAVE NO INTEREST IN ALPHA, BETA, DEV AND NON-STEAM KEYS.

NOTIFY ME IF MY KEYS ARE NOT FOR YOUR PERSONAL USE, I WON'T TAKE RESPONSIBILITY IF I WASN'T NOTIFIED.

MY 4 YEAR OLD ACCOUNT WITH 4K GAMES IS THE ONLY STEAM ACCOUNT I HAVE AND THE ACCOUNTS ON THE CUSTOM INFO BOX TITLED ''FURTHER INFORMATION'' AT THE TOP OF MY STEAM PROFILE ARE THE ONLY OTHER ACCOUNTS I HAVE ON OTHER PLATFORMS, PLEASE VERIFY THAT YOU ARE TRADING WITH ME AND NOT A IMPERSONATOR.

MISC Fast Idle Service (Idle Master Extended) 1 Month Discord Nitro
GAMES Citizen Sleeper Amazing American Circus Air Conflicts: Secret Wars Alien Hallway Alien Shooter 2: Reloaded Alien Spidy A New Beginning - Final Cut Angvik AquaNox AquaNox 2: Revelation Aura: Fate of the Ages Aveyond 3-1: Lord of Twilight Axis Game Factory's AGFPRO + Voxel Sculpt + PREMIUM Bundle Axis Game Factory's AGFPRO Zombie FPS Player DLC Axis Game Factory's AGFPRO - Zombie Survival Pack DLC Bad Rats: the Rats' Revenge Cat on a Diet Ceville Crazy Buggy Racing Crazy Machines 1.5 Crazy Machines 1.5 Inventors Training Camp Crazy Machines 2: Back to the Shop Add-On Crazy Machines 2: Halloween Crazy Machines 2: Happy New Year DLC Crazy Machines 2 - Invaders from Space Crazy Machines 2: Invaders From Space, 2nd Wave DLC Crazy Machines 2 - Jewel Digger DLC Crazy Machines 2: Liquid Force Add-on Crazy Machines 2: Pirates Crazy Machines 2: Time Travel Add-On Crazy Machines Elements DLC - Collision Course & Mental Activity Crazy Machines Elements DLC - Gadget Fun & Tricky Riddles Critical Mass Expansion - Crusader Kings II: Sunset Invasion Expansion - Crusader Kings II: The Old Gods Dark Fear Deadly 30 Deep Dungeons of Doom Defunct Disciples II: Gallean's Return Disciples II: Rise of the Elves Doc Clock: The Toasted Sandwich of Time Dollar Dash Down To One Drawful 2 Dynamite Jack Edna & Harvey: The Breakout Empress Of The Deep Eternal Step eXceed - Gun Bullet Children eXceed 2nd - Vampire REX eXceed 3rd - Jade Penetrate Black Package Explodemon Fairy Bloom Freesia FlatOut FUEL Gravi Greed: Black Border Grind Zones Grotesque Tactics: Evil Heroes Grotesque Tactics 2 – Dungeons and Donuts Guns of Icarus Hacker Evolution Duality: Hardcore Package Part 1 DLC Hacker Evolution Duality: Inception Part 1 DLC Hacker Evolution Duality: Inception Part 2 DLC Heileen 2: The Hands Of Fate Holy Avatar vs. Maidens of the Dead Huntsman: The Orphanage (Halloween Edition) Hydrophobia: Prophecy In Between inMomentum Kalaban Keebles King Arthur Collection (March 2012) King's Bounty: Armored Princess Konung 2 Konung 3: Ties of the Dynasty Labyrinthine Dreams Last Dream Lead and Gold: Gangs of the Wild West Magicka DLC Indiegala Tier 2 Magicka DLC Indiegala Tier 3 Magicka: Robe Bundle Making History: The Calm & the Storm Men of War™ Men of War: Assault Squad Men of War: Assault Squad - DLC Pack Men of War: Assault Squad - Game of the Year Edition Meridian: New World Miner Wars 2081 Miner Wars Arena Mirror Mysteries NecroVision NecroVisioN: Lost Company On The Path Operation Flashpoint: Red River Overcast - Walden and the Werewolf Patrician III Pixel Heroes: Byte & Magic Plush POPixel Puzzle Kingdoms Quell Quell Memento Quell Reflect Real Horror Stories Ultimate Edition Rebel Galaxy Reign: Conflict of Nations Rig n Roll Rise of Flight: Channel Battles Edition Rise of Flight: Legendary Bombers Run Away Sacraboar Sacred Gold Satellite Repairman Saturday Morning RPG Save the Dodos Shadowgrounds Survivor Skilltree Saga Sky Mercenaries Solar Shifter EX SoulCraft Square's Route Starsphere Star Wolves Summoner Sweet Lily Dreams Switch Galaxy Ultra Theatre of War Theatre of War 2: Africa 1943 Theatre of War 2: Centauro Theatre of War 2: Kursk 1943 Theatre of War 3: Korea The Flying Dutchman The God's Chain Toby: The Secret Mine Trapped Dead Trauma Turba Twin Sector Two Worlds II HD Two Worlds II - Pirates of the Flying Fortress Type:Rider UFO Afterlight Retail US and THEM Vegas: Make It Big™ War of the Roses Warrior Kings Warriors' Wrath Who's That Flying?! Zeno Clash 2 Zombie Driver HD Zombie Driver HD Complete Edition Zombie Pirates ZombieRush Zombie Shooter
submitted by Vulcan__111 to indiegameswap [link] [comments]

2024.05.14 00:24 Vulcan__111 [H] Games and Idle Service [W] +1 Games i don't have and Steam Wallet (Cases/Gems/Keys/etc.)

I HAVE MULTIPLE KEYS FOR MOST OF MY GAMES.

I HAVE NO INTEREST IN GAMES THAT DO NOT ADD +1 TO THE GAME COUNT SUCH AS ''PROFILE LIMITED'' GAMES OR ''STEAM IS LEARNING ABOUT THIS GAME'' GAMES.

I HAVE NO INTEREST IN ALPHA, BETA, DEV AND NON-STEAM KEYS.

NOTIFY ME IF MY KEYS ARE NOT FOR YOUR PERSONAL USE, I WON'T TAKE RESPONSIBILITY IF I WASN'T NOTIFIED.

MY 4 YEAR OLD ACCOUNT WITH 4K GAMES IS THE ONLY STEAM ACCOUNT I HAVE AND THE ACCOUNTS ON THE CUSTOM INFO BOX TITLED ''FURTHER INFORMATION'' AT THE TOP OF MY STEAM PROFILE ARE THE ONLY OTHER ACCOUNTS I HAVE ON OTHER PLATFORMS, PLEASE VERIFY THAT YOU ARE TRADING WITH ME AND NOT A IMPERSONATOR.

MISC Fast Idle Service (Idle Master Extended) 1 Month Discord Nitro
GAMES Citizen Sleeper Amazing American Circus Air Conflicts: Secret Wars Alien Hallway Alien Shooter 2: Reloaded Alien Spidy A New Beginning - Final Cut Angvik AquaNox AquaNox 2: Revelation Aura: Fate of the Ages Aveyond 3-1: Lord of Twilight Axis Game Factory's AGFPRO + Voxel Sculpt + PREMIUM Bundle Axis Game Factory's AGFPRO Zombie FPS Player DLC Axis Game Factory's AGFPRO - Zombie Survival Pack DLC Bad Rats: the Rats' Revenge Cat on a Diet Ceville Crazy Buggy Racing Crazy Machines 1.5 Crazy Machines 1.5 Inventors Training Camp Crazy Machines 2: Back to the Shop Add-On Crazy Machines 2: Halloween Crazy Machines 2: Happy New Year DLC Crazy Machines 2 - Invaders from Space Crazy Machines 2: Invaders From Space, 2nd Wave DLC Crazy Machines 2 - Jewel Digger DLC Crazy Machines 2: Liquid Force Add-on Crazy Machines 2: Pirates Crazy Machines 2: Time Travel Add-On Crazy Machines Elements DLC - Collision Course & Mental Activity Crazy Machines Elements DLC - Gadget Fun & Tricky Riddles Critical Mass Expansion - Crusader Kings II: Sunset Invasion Expansion - Crusader Kings II: The Old Gods Dark Fear Deadly 30 Deep Dungeons of Doom Defunct Disciples II: Gallean's Return Disciples II: Rise of the Elves Doc Clock: The Toasted Sandwich of Time Dollar Dash Down To One Drawful 2 Dynamite Jack Edna & Harvey: The Breakout Empress Of The Deep Eternal Step eXceed - Gun Bullet Children eXceed 2nd - Vampire REX eXceed 3rd - Jade Penetrate Black Package Explodemon Fairy Bloom Freesia FlatOut FUEL Gravi Greed: Black Border Grind Zones Grotesque Tactics: Evil Heroes Grotesque Tactics 2 – Dungeons and Donuts Guns of Icarus Hacker Evolution Duality: Hardcore Package Part 1 DLC Hacker Evolution Duality: Inception Part 1 DLC Hacker Evolution Duality: Inception Part 2 DLC Heileen 2: The Hands Of Fate Holy Avatar vs. Maidens of the Dead Huntsman: The Orphanage (Halloween Edition) Hydrophobia: Prophecy In Between inMomentum Kalaban Keebles King Arthur Collection (March 2012) King's Bounty: Armored Princess Konung 2 Konung 3: Ties of the Dynasty Labyrinthine Dreams Last Dream Lead and Gold: Gangs of the Wild West Magicka DLC Indiegala Tier 2 Magicka DLC Indiegala Tier 3 Magicka: Robe Bundle Making History: The Calm & the Storm Men of War™ Men of War: Assault Squad Men of War: Assault Squad - DLC Pack Men of War: Assault Squad - Game of the Year Edition Meridian: New World Miner Wars 2081 Miner Wars Arena Mirror Mysteries NecroVision NecroVisioN: Lost Company On The Path Operation Flashpoint: Red River Overcast - Walden and the Werewolf Patrician III Pixel Heroes: Byte & Magic Plush POPixel Puzzle Kingdoms Quell Quell Memento Quell Reflect Real Horror Stories Ultimate Edition Rebel Galaxy Reign: Conflict of Nations Rig n Roll Rise of Flight: Channel Battles Edition Rise of Flight: Legendary Bombers Run Away Sacraboar Sacred Gold Satellite Repairman Saturday Morning RPG Save the Dodos Shadowgrounds Survivor Skilltree Saga Sky Mercenaries Solar Shifter EX SoulCraft Square's Route Starsphere Star Wolves Summoner Sweet Lily Dreams Switch Galaxy Ultra Theatre of War Theatre of War 2: Africa 1943 Theatre of War 2: Centauro Theatre of War 2: Kursk 1943 Theatre of War 3: Korea The Flying Dutchman The God's Chain Toby: The Secret Mine Trapped Dead Trauma Turba Twin Sector Two Worlds II HD Two Worlds II - Pirates of the Flying Fortress Type:Rider UFO Afterlight Retail US and THEM Vegas: Make It Big™ War of the Roses Warrior Kings Warriors' Wrath Who's That Flying?! Zeno Clash 2 Zombie Driver HD Zombie Driver HD Complete Edition Zombie Pirates ZombieRush Zombie Shooter
submitted by Vulcan__111 to GameTrade [link] [comments]

2024.05.14 00:02 EJC28 Falcons 2024 Draft Analysis Compilation

Round 1, Pick 8 - Michael Penix Jr., QB, Washington:
NFL: I’m not sure anyone expected Atlanta, which signed Kirk Cousins to a four-year, $180 million deal in March, to take a quarterback in the top 10, but here we are. Penix is a big-time playmaker who is the top deep-ball passer in this class. He has surgical precision and throws with good anticipation from the pocket.
CBS Sports: B-. They opted to take their quarterback of the future by taking Penix. He has all the tools, but will learn and wait behind Kirk Cousins. I wonder if he can rush the passer. Like the player, but don’t like the pick.
ESPN: Stunner. The Falcons pulled off the shocker of the first round, taking Penix earlier than just about every expert predicted. He was the fourth quarterback taken in the top 10. There's no doubt Atlanta saw something in Penix when watching him on tape and visiting him. The team sent a ton of staff to see him in recent weeks. Obviously, they felt comfortable with his durability, despite four season-ending injuries in college. Penix, a lefty, has an incredible arm, and from a skill standpoint, he's certainly right up there among the best signal callers on the board. And now he's the successor to Kirk Cousins.
NFL Absolutely Not Fake News: Has devoted his life to the church of the flying spaghetti monster.
Round 2, Pick 35 - Ruke Orhorhoro, DT, Clemson:
NFL: Another trade, with the Falcons swooping up. And this is their second curious pick of this draft. Nothing against Orhorhoro, who has some intriguing skills and might be a better stat stuffer in the NFL than he was at Clemson. But with Johnny Newton on the board, this pick felt like a reach when you consider Atlanta's biggest need -- pass rush.
CBS Sports: B. Big, long, powerful interior rusher without many pass-rush moves. But his traits shine against the run and has enough explosion to win between gaps or with bull rushes. Expensive trade up though hurts his grade despite Falcons filling a need with quality prospect.
ESPN: The Falcons needed a pass-rusher, particularly an EDGE. Most of the impact players at that position went in the first round. Atlanta attempted to trade back into the late first, but weren't able to do so. Instead, the Falcons took Orhorhoro, a defensive tackle who has pass-rushing chops from the inside. Since 2021, Orhorhoro had 9.5 sacks lined up as a DT, which were tied for third in the ACC. The Nigeria-born Orhorhoro didn't start playing football until he was a junior in high school, so the Falcons probably like his upside.
NFL Absolutely Not Fake News: His bright green fanny pack when traveling is a must.
Round 3, Pick 74 - Bralen Trice, LB, Washington:
NFL: Trice was a consistent pressure source the past two years for the Huskies but had a rough pre-draft process when he shed a bunch of weight for the NFL Scouting Combine but failed to display better speed because of it. Trice was smart to bulk back up for his pro day because I think his game is predicated on winning with a combination of effort and surprising pop in his hands.
CBS Sports: A-. Bad testing hurt his stock but this is as productive of an EDGE as there is in this class. Slippery with pass-rush plans galore. Smaller than his listed weight and doesn’t have serious burst. Flashes of bend though.
ESPN: The Falcons got their pure pass-rusher and, boy, did they need it. This is a team that has had 18 fewer sacks than any other franchise in the NFL over the past three seasons. Atlanta's pass rush win rate was dead last in the league in 2023. Trice had 16 sacks over the past two seasons, which was tied for the fourth most among Power 5 players during that stretch. He's had 12 games with five or more pressures since the start of the 2022 season, which leads all FBS players. Trice played mostly outside linebacker at Washington and he had a reputation for being able to get to the quarterback.
NFL Absolutely Not Fake News: Smells like Celestial Seasonings sleepy-time tea.
Round 4, Pick 109 - Brandon Dorlus, DT, Oregon:
NFL: Round 4 is for the Ducks. I haven't followed the Falcons' logic on every one of their selections this year, but I like Dorlus here. He can play multiple spots along the D-line and be a movable piece for Raheem Morris' unit.
CBS Sports: A-. Fun, twitchy and thick “tweener” who can literally win at any alignment along the defensive line. Isn’t the most sudden, nor the best with his hands but is so slippery between blockers. Overall athletic profile is impressive. Rushes can get too high, doesn’t play with much power. Can get washed out vs. the run. Has frame to add more weight.
ESPN: It was somewhat surprising the Falcons didn't take a cornerback here or even a safety. But the team is clearly and rapidly reshaping its defensive line, which already had quality veteran players in Grady Jarrett and David Onyemata. Dorlus is Atlanta's second straight defensive line selection. And Dorlus, who led Oregon with five sacks, is extremely versatile. He can play inside, as a defensive end or even outside linebacker. Pass-rushers were the Falcons' biggest needs and now they have three rookies who fit the bill after not taking a defender with the No. 8 overall pick as many expected.
NFL Absolutely Not Fake News: Wants you to call your family and tell them you love and cherish them.
Round 5, Pick 143 - JD Bertrand, LB, Notre Dame:
NFL: An Atlanta native, Bertrand is a coach's dream in spite of his subpar length and injury history. He's instinctive and tough and carries a hard-hat mentality to work every day.
CBS Sports: C. So active, so smart. Always around the ball. Reads his keys in a flash. Block-avoider. Ascending coverage skill just minimal ball production at Notre Dame. High tackling numbers but also misses many.
ESPN: The Falcons are completely reshaping their front seven in this draft. In Bertrand, they not only get their second collegiate defensive team captain (Bralen Trice was captain at Washington), but also someone with significant physical tools. Bertrand was a three-year starter at Notre Dame, led the team with 76 tackles in 2023 and had 16 tackles behind the line of scrimmage this past season. He's also a former Eagle Scout and was a finalist for the Wuerffel Trophy for community service.
NFL Absolutely Not Fake News: Prefers to code in Notepad with the wingding font.
Round 6, Pick 186 - Jase McClellan, RB, Alabama:
NFL: McClellan is a power back who runs with great toughness and exercises great ball security, fumbling only once in college on nearly 400 touches. But he's a one-dimensional runner on a team pretty loaded at running back.
CBS Sports: C+. Jack of all trades, master of none with minimal mileage on his legs. Will run away from some slower defenders but not a true burner. Receiving ability is there. Vision is a strength between the tackles. Elusive but not special in that regard. Classic scatback.
ESPN: The team needed a third running back behind Bijan Robinson and Tyler Allgeier, and that's presumably where McClellan will fit. McClellan was Alabama's primary starter for one year after returning in 2022 from a torn ACL. He ran for 890 yards on 180 carries with eight touchdowns this past season. McClellan, who's only 21, isn't flashy, but Atlanta has been taking upside and translatable physical attributes over flash this entire draft.
NFL Absolutely Not Fake News: Kept calling the NFL at 800-635-5300 to complain about the refs.
Round 6, Pick 187 - Casey Washington, WR, Illinois:
NFL: A strong pro day helped solidify Washington as a draft pick. He looks like a solid, reliable possession receiver with natural route-running skills, but he's not special at any one thing.
CBS Sports: C. Good sized outside WR who plays with a throwback style. Jump balls, back-shoulders, etc. are his speciality. Good speed for his size too. Just doesn’t have the bend or suddenness to separate consistently.
ESPN: Depth at wide receiver was absolutely a need going into the draft, though it's still surprising the Falcons won't pick a cornerback until their final pick, if at all. Washington was sixth in the Big Ten in receiving yards during conference games (589) and finished his career with Illinois very strong -- 218 yards on nine receptions and three touchdowns against Northwestern back in November. Washington is 6-foot-2 and 200 pounds, and Atlanta did need size at the position. He'll be tied for the second tallest wide receiver on the roster after top wideout Drake London (6-4).
NFL Absolutely Not Fake News: Taught his goldfish to play fetch. Not the most exciting game but they’re happy.
Round 6, Pick 197 - Zion Logue, DT, Georgia:
NFL: Logue was a flash player for the two-time champion Bulldogs, often stuck behind a ton of talent in Athens. His length is outstanding, even if his production (1.5 sacks in 50-plus college games) isn't.
CBS Sports: C+. Big, long, thick SEC-tested DL with some above-average burst for his size and a pass-rush move every so often. Production never matched his size or athleticism.
ESPN: This draft, after all the controversy in the first round, was all about front-seven versatility and depth for the Falcons. Logue is a big body at 6-foot-6 and 314 pounds. And the team's fifth front-seven selection of the week. Atlanta has put a premium on length with its defenders so far and Logue has that to go along with his massive frame. The Tennessee native only started one year at Georgia, so he's relatively inexperienced with potential upside the Falcons are once again banking on.
NFL Absolutely Not Fake News: Can eat twenty scones in a single sitting.
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2024.05.13 17:27 FarmerRemote9850 iFake: Funny Fake Messages v15.8 MOD APK (Premium Unlocked)

iFake: Funny Fake Messages v15.8 MOD APK (Premium Unlocked)
https://preview.redd.it/c56zqc65p70d1.png?width=512&format=png&auto=webp&s=3217dcca14d83522372e32d1ca2a4bfad47c45b6
Name iFake: Fake Chat Messages
Publisher TNVApps
Genre Entertainment
Size 28MB
Version 15.8
MOD Premium Unlocked
https://modyolo.co.in/ifake-fake-chat-messages/
👆👆👆👆Download Link👆👆👆👆
Also Join us on telegram
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You will be able to customize the newly added features of iFake, which is a new entertainment tool that it brings. This application simulates large messaging systems to generate engaging content for its users. The application will not steal important message information from other settings; instead, it will add new images, make it more interesting, and start chats with your friends. You can use the most recent version of the iOS operating system and a larger selection of emoticons provided by this application.

CONDUCT CONVERSATIONS

In addition to popular messaging apps, other interesting messaging apps can be used to create impressive conversations. You are not restricted to using only the most popular messaging apps. iFake will provide you with new experiences as well as entertainment opportunities. This application makes you feel more at ease, and you can use it to create unique chats each time you use it. The application is designed to provide you with novel experiences while meeting your specific requirements.

This application, like others, allows you to add new contacts and create your layouts and designs. The application allows you to start new chats and customize their names to meet your needs. You can also create new chat groups, use the new operating system, and change the wallpaper normally associated with this application. You will discover that the application includes many remarkable chats features that you should not overlook.

AWESOME CHANGE TO THE INTERFACE

You can use new emojis similar to those found on iOS in your apps, and the app is ready to change to meet your needs. You can change the profile picture for your app and choose new and interesting images from various collections. When you want to change your appearance, there are many different ways to meet your needs, and each change has its own distinct personality. You can refresh the user interface of your device based on the criteria you specify.

CHANGE EACH NEW SETTING TO YOUR DESIRE.

The application’s customization options are extensively used, and as a result of these customization options, your application will become increasingly unique. To send messages, you can either create a chat or make friends, or you can enter your phone number and ID to receive an invitation to become friends with someone. Furthermore, the application will provide you with a one-of-a-kind QR code sequence that you can scan to connect with a wide range of people and make new friends.

You can give that chat any nickname you want, as well as change not only your name but also the names of many other people if you are in the same chat group. You will also be given a variety of topics to discuss, ranging from morbid to romantic love and everything in between. Furthermore, take allows you to make the chat private and change the password, ensuring that no one else can read your confidential communication.

MULTIPLE MODE OPTIONS

You can use the application to switch between different modes for your device and your conversations. When using the application in the evening, you can switch from daytime to nighttime mode to save space and battery life and protect users’ eyes. Furthermore, if you use the messaging app outside, you must immediately activate the new eye protection mode so that your eyes can better coordinate while using the app.
submitted by FarmerRemote9850 to Modifiedmods [link] [comments]

2024.05.13 16:05 Bragadeesh_16 Goal to reach 500 within a year

Goal to reach 500 within a year submitted by Bragadeesh_16 to leetcode [link] [comments]

2024.05.13 15:08 July981 Best eSIM for France: A Detailed Guide

Are you planning a trip to France and looking for the best eSIM for France to keep you connected? In this guide, I’ve reviewed some of the top eSIM providers—Saily, Nomad, and Orange—to help you pinpoint which one might best suit your needs. Keep in mind, that I’ve simply collected the facts so you don't have to: nothing more, nothing less

Pricing and Plans Overview

Regarding the best eSIM for France, finding an option that offers both competitive pricing and plan flexibility is crucial. I chose to compare three ones this time: Orange (which is a product of one of the biggest telecom companies), Saily (which I got to know about from my VPN’s newsletter), and Nomad (which is generally talked a lot about).
Below is a detailed comparison to help you understand how each provider stacks up:
To illustrate this more clearly, here's a table summarizing the pricing:
Provider 1GB 3GB 5GB 10GB 20GB
Saily $3.99 $8.99 $11.99 $19.99 $31.99
Nomad $6.00 $8.00 $14.00 $19.00
Orange $4.99

Plans and Country Coverage

The scope of your travels might require eSIM coverage beyond just France. Each provider offers different plans and country coverage which could be a deciding factor:

Installation and Reusability

Ease of installation is an essential factor when selecting an eSIM. Saily offers a user-friendly approach where you can install your eSIM via a QR code. Notably, Saily's eSIM doesn't require reinstallation when you travel to different countries and can be reused across all destinations, which is a significant convenience.
In contrast, both Nomad and Orange also utilize QR codes for installation, but their eSIMs require reinstallation with each new country plan. Additionally, these eSIMs cannot be reused, which might pose a hassle for travelers visiting multiple countries.

Speed and Connectivity

Connectivity and internet speed are critical, especially if you rely on the internet for navigation, communication, or work. All three providers offer 4G/5G speeds in France, contingent on the local network provider. Saily exclusively partners with premium networks, ensuring consistent and high-speed connectivity. On the other hand, Nomad and Orange use a mix of network types, and their unlimited plans may experience throttled speeds under high usage.

Refund Policies

Understanding the refund policies can provide peace of mind:

Conclusion: Choosing the Best eSIM for France

Considering various factors like pricing, ease of installation, speed, and country coverage, Saily appears to be the most appealing choice for those searching for the best eSIM for France, especially for its cost-effectiveness and ease of use.
For more opinions, you can always check the eSIM comparison pinned in this subreddit, but whatever your choice may be, ensure it aligns with your travel plans, data needs, and budget preferences!
submitted by July981 to best_eSIM_providers [link] [comments]

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