I really don't have much to say other than I took this for the fourth time and it was the most insane, mentally draining 2 years of my entire existence.
First round - didn't study much. Kind of was checked out/falling in love.
Second round - studied all material, especially the stuff I was unsure of. Ultimately, I was with a tutor that didn't work for me.
Third round - put my heart and soul into understanding material and did all of the practice necessary. Failed by 14 points - got a 1376.
Fourth round - didn't study in good faith. Had a lot of external factors (esp failing by 14 points) that contributed to my mental health decline + inability to focus for long periods.
However, I passed.
When I say I didn't study in good faith, I mean only doing barely 1,000 MBEs and only 10-12 essays of issue spotting. I didn't look at any sample PTs and did not even attempt to do one. I did look at MPT book, which I only looked at Persuasive and Objective Memorandums. Not even the samples, but how to break them down structure wise to capture most amount of points.
I did make sure to focus on the main subjects that are also tested on MBEs. I made sure to nail down my weaknesses from prior administrations and make educated guesses on what material may or may not be tested based on what has been recently tested, etc. I got a tutor through LegallyFit for the last 5 weeks and met up with him via Zoom one or two times a week. He helped me mainly with essay structure for certain topics I needed more practice in/was uncomfortable with.
Ultimately, I chose to just take this test trusting and accepting that I know a good chunk of the material, but that if I fail - I will pick myself up again.
I so wanted to be the person on here who gives the best advice and helps someone, but I think you just need to do what works for you to get the material to stick. Find the patterns within the MBEs by knowing the law well. For essays, piece together the issues that seem to cluster or be triggered together.
Other than that, focus on your heading, writing style, and ability to extract facts/application. I wish every future bar applicant the absolute best.
I have a bunch of a outlines, etc - so feel free to reach out to me!

This timeline is derived from Franks Memorandums, Transcript from hearing on Motion to Dismiss, PW's two interviews on SI, Indiana Case Search and my own deep dive into BH's FB.
Excerpt from April 28, 2024 email from Judge Gull to defense Attorney Brad Rozzi:

l am unsure what exactly the defense intends to present. l am quite familiar with the law regarding third party perpetrators and unless the defense can provide a nexus between any alleged third party perpetrators and the charged crimes those allegations are unsupported and will be inadmissible.

Excerpt from Joyner v State:

...our review is guided by the Indiana Rules of Evidence, which were adopted, effective January 1, 1994...Evidence is relevant when it has "any tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of consequence to the determination of the action more probable or less probable than it would be without the evidence." Ind.Evidence Rule 401.
Evidence which tends to show that someone else committed the crime logically makes it less probable that the defendant committed the crime, and thus meets the definition of relevance in Rule 401.

Timeline of Investigation into the Delphi VinlandeOdin "Social Club"

[2/12/17-Most likely there was a Sunday night meeting of Delphi Vinlanders, Probates and wannabes, at PW's home. This is the week following BH's Gothi announcement on FB-he is no longer Gothi or Priest of the Delphi Club, but will be a travelling Gothi/Priest. Given what we know from the Franks Memorandum, JM may have been at this meeting-see below. It's not certain BH was there, but given one of his FB posts that day it seems probable. LH would also attend these meetings with his dad. It was thought that when LH came to Delphi for these Sunday meetings he would also arrange to visit with Abby.]
2/12/17-Abby and Libby on the phone to friends, asked an ex-boyfriend if he wanted to meet them at the High Bridge the next day, as they all had it off from school. It's uncertain if Abby saw or spoke to LH that Sunday. Or if LH had the following Monday off, as well. He attended Logansport High. Also not known is who else the girls spoke with over that entire weekend.
2/13/17-Investigators contact BH regarding missing girls & and his son LH
2/14/17-Girls Found
2/14/17-EF CONFESSES to involvement in the murders to his sister, telling her (from First Franks Memorandum):

...that he was present at the killings and that he (EF) now had “a brother” and was now part of “a gang.”
EF also admitted to a different sister (J) that he had in fact spit on one of the girls. Elvis told J, that he (EF) was on a trail and a bridge with two girls that were killed and that he was going away for a long time.

(EF's sister passed a polygraph.)
[Mid-February 2017 BH and PW have a falling out. BH's wife AH said that the falling out was over a ritual near water, and that PW had expressed an interest in moving beyond animal sacrifice to humans.]

She [AH] said that BH spoke of PW one time when he was intoxicated and said that he and PW got into a fight, and they no longer speak to each other. He told her that he and PW were in the woods, near a river conducting a ritual. One of them said or did something that the other did not agree with and they no longer talk to each other. She said the river was near PW’s house. Note, BH has a Facebook post with him and Patrick together on January 21, 2017.

(PW in his interviews on SI gives a different account of the falling out between the two. He states that he discovered that BH had been attending church on Sunday mornings, and then attending the Vinlander meetings at PW's home, Sunday nights. This, for PW, was a betrayal Heathen practices and Christian faith are, at least in his mind, not compatible. He didn't want anyone in his Social Club to practice Christianity. On and interesting side note, PW said that BH had left his rune making tools at his home, and never returned to retrieve them. This seems odd, as if you viewed BH's FB page, he loved his handmade runes and knives. He posted about them a lot. It's almost as if he was afraid to return to PW's home.)
2/17/17-BH interviewed. Recording destroyed.
2/19/17-PW interviewed at his residence. No recording.
3/1/17-T. Liggett writes "no more leads required for BH"
3/16/17-UNIFIED COMMAND/ Kevin Hammond writes "BH cleared"
3/30/17-Vinlanders/American Guard JM & PW attend a number of Trump Rallies together sporting signs advertising Race War symbols. Though these two will have a falling out, they are clearly still attending events together at this time. The Anti-Defamation League (ADL) has the photos to prove it.
4/12/17-Civilian RB contacts T. Leazenby regarding disturbing images on BH FB page. One of these photos appears to replicate the Delphi murders. TL ignores this so RB contacts State Police speaks with J.Winters. Winters asks Holeman to re-interview BH. Appears never to have happened.
June of 2017 (From First Franks Memorandum) -

...Jerry Holeman told a different story to Trooper Roland Purdy concerning the conclusions of the Purdue professor Trooper Purdy began assisting with the investigation in March, 2017. However, the first time that Purdy ever even heard the word “Odin” or “Odinite” was “at least May or June” of 2017. It’s also important to note that the first time that Trooper Purdy heard the word “Odin” or “Odinite” wasn’t even through Unified Command or any other law enforcement officer, but rather through BP, who is Libby German’s grandmother. BP, while talking to Trooper Purdy, informed Purdy that Abby Williams had dated BH’s son (LH) and that Logan’s dad was an Odinist named BH. This information interested Purdy who then talked to Holeman, and Holeman told Purdy that they had already run the stick formations and Odin angle through a Purdue professor. Holeman told Purdy that the results from the Purdue professor were “kind of inconclusive.”59 Purdy also believes he was provided “a copy of what Purdue University had provided them.” Upon reviewing that Purdue report, according to Purdy, the Odinite angle was not dead.

February of 2018- EF asks Trooper Murphy if his spit was found on the girls and he could explain it, would he still be in trouble. EF also mimicked images from BH's FB page.

This mimicking is certainly curious. Especially when BH’s son dated Abby Williams and when EF, 125+ miles away, CONFESSED to both of his sisters on two different occasions that he was involved in the murders. This CONFESSION included telling one sister that Abby Williams was a trouble maker and that is why he (EF) used sticks to form horns on Abby’s head, and admitting to another sister that he was in big trouble and going away for a while because he was present when the girls were murdered, and that he spit on the girls. What are the odds that BH’s son is dating Abby Williams, and 125 miles away a fan boy of BH named EF was mimicking BH’s Facebook posts, and that fan boy admitted to being involved in the murders of the girls?

June 2018-Detectives Ferency and Murphy arrive in Rushville to interview EF and are tasked with making a connection between EF, BH & PW. They are assisted by assistant chief of police, Todd Click.
1/30/19-
Todd Click executes search warrant to retrieve one of JM's old phones, that has been located by an ex-girlfriend. This phone has video of JM abducting a drug dealer's pal, until that pal managed to replace 4k of meth that was stolen from JM. Click informs Unified Command that he has this phone, they never retrieve it. Defense now has possession of it.
Also in 2019

In 2019, Unified Command learned that in a totally different conversation with his ex-wife, BH pointed the finger away from himself and directly at Patrick Westfall, as being the person actually responsible for the murders of Abby and Libby. According to police reports, Brad Holder told his ex-wife (AH) that “Westfall and ‘his people’ killed Abigail Williams and Liberty German because one of their mothers was ‘mixing’ with other people outside the mother’s race.” Furthermore, Unified Command was aware that BH had told Amber that “I can only protect you so much if you keep asking questions.” BH further told his ex- wife Amber that PW had many people backing him (PW) up and that PW also had ‘powerful friends.’ Liggett knew of this information for more than three years before Liggett sought a search warrant for Richard Allen’s house, yet Liggett never shared that information with Judge Diener. Additionally, PW provided a very weak alibi as to his whereabouts on February 13, 2017. Westfall told law enforcement that he (Westfall) was at home the afternoon of Monday, February 13, 2017. The Defense is unaware of any search warrant that Liggett sought to enter Westfall’s house or whether Unified Command instructed law enforcement to knock on a single neighbor’s door to verify PW’s alibi.
JM’s ex-girlfriend, TH, told police that JM and PW were like brothers. She also told police that she had allowed JM to borrow her car on or around Valentine’s Day 2017 and that JM drove her car “up there” to hang with his Vinlander friends. When he returned her vehicle, it had dried blood over one side of it. JM refused to discuss the details of how the blood got there. JMr’s ex-girlfriend further stated that it took her several car washes to finally remove the blood. Meanwhile,JM has claimed that he had never, not once in his life, been to Delphi, home of his “brother” PW, and near the home of his other Odinite brother, BH.

JM’s ex-girlfriend also told law enforcement that BH and JM were two of the most violent people she knew and were fully capable of having been involved in the murders. JM’s ex-girlfriend further stated that a motive for their involvement in the murder of Abby and Libby might be the concept of “blood in and blood out”, which means “social acceptance into their secret circles.” All this information was relayed to Liggett and the Unified Command team, yet Unified Command provided no guidance as to what to do to capitalize on this information in order to work toward solving the murders.

Additionally, Unified Command learned that JM’s ex-girlfriend had been listening to and recording JM’s phone calls. Police secured the phone and listened to three phone calls involving JM. In two of those phone calls, JM was “offering money to other people to find someone so they can be injured or killed.” The third call involves JM “bragging about holding a subject hostage and shooting them at his house.”

[JM was arrested four times between 2010 and 2018. The charges against him ranged from his threatening another person with a gun, to possession of meth with possession of a gun as a violent felon. He never went to trial, he would plead guilty to lesser charges. He never served any prison time. He either received probation or home detention. In 2020 he received a sentence reduction from his 2018 conviction.]
2023-
April 28, 2023-Todd Click sends "Odin" report to Carroll County Prosecutor Nick McLeland. Never hears back from McLeland. Instead hears back from Investigator Mullins in August of 2023. An interview is set up, as Click exits the interview he sees BH at the station.
August of 2023-Just before the First Franks Memorandum drops in September of 2023 , BH and PW are interviewed again. Apparently PW also takes a polygraph and is asked for a buccal swab (DNA). PW's son is questioned as to his whereabouts on 2/13/17.
March 18, 2024- Hearing for Motion to Dismiss. Testimony of former assistant chief of police of Rushville, Todd Click, reveals that he and detectives Ferency and Murphy from Terre Haute (both these detectives were part of the FBI Joint Terrorism Task Force as well as working for the State of Indiana) member were able to make a connection between BH, PW, JM & EF. The connection is made by way of JM's father had lived with EF for a period of time. Click also testifies to EF's confessions and is asked what these investigators did with this information.

A That information was given - of course, myself, Detective Murphy, and Detective Ferency were aware of that information, and I was told by Detective Ferency and Detective Murphy that they were going to try to contact Unified Command to try and obtain a search warrant for the residence of Evis Fields.
Q Okay What happened with that?
A We never heard anything.

BH's ex-wife, AH, was not allowed to testify, but Attorney Baldwin made an offer of proof as to what AH would have testified to, had she been allowed.

If AH were allowed to testify, she would tell you that police, including Jerry Holeman and the other people that were deposed by the defense counsel in August of 2023, have never talked to AH since August of 2023. She would testify that BH talked about 'the Delphi case; that BH told her that he and PW had a falling out over a ritual in the woods near a river because PW wanted to up the ante from animal sacrifices. If AH were allowed to testify, she would tell you that PW, according to BH, committed these crimes, he is protected by powerful people. He would al - she would also testify that she saw on BH's phone girls that he knew that he posed on the ground with sticks, and that she knows are runes from her own heathenism belief system, that were runes on these girls in the form of sticks, and that he had them on his phone and there were multiple photos on his phone; and finally, that she would also testify that Brad Holder knew Abby Williams much better than he told the police, he told her that he met her several times. That is the end of my offer of proof in this witness. Thank you

What investigators apparently never did:

1. Execute warrants for BH & PWs phones.
2. Execute any warrants on the homes of any of the Vinlander persons of interest

Date: 03/22/2024

Reading time: 6 minutes, 1236 words

🪖 Military

The annual program of military cooperation between Armenia and Italy was signed

Armenia-Italy defense consultations were held in Rome on March 19-20. Annual program of military cooperation between Armenia and Italy was signed. Levon Ayvazyan presented the security situation around Armenia and the ongoing reforms in the armed forces.

CivilNet, The annual program of military cooperation between Armenia and Italy was signed in Rome

Another cyclone coming to Armenia, snowfalls, snowstorms, thunderstorms expected

A powerful cyclone coming from the Mediterranean Sea, will bring more rains and snow to Armenia on March 22 and 23 afternoon and evening. Snow in Shirak, Lori, Tavush foothills, Aragatsotn, Kotayk and Vayots Dzor mountains, as well as Gegharkunik region. Precipitation will be intense in some areas. Thunderstorms, wind strengthening up to 20-25 m/s, snowstorms, low horizontal visibility are expected.

ArkaAm

🏛️ Politics & Government

Shots fired in Moscow’s Crocus City Hall, evacuation underway

Unidentified shooters opened fire in Crocus City Hall music venue, located in Moscow Region’s Krasnogorsk. Evacuation is currently underway, an emergency agencies representative said.

Armenpress

Nikol Pashinyan holds meeting with Civil Contract Faction

Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan held a meeting with the Armenian National Assembly Civil Contract Faction. Members of the government also attended the meeting. Discussion primarily focused on the vision for Armenia's development.

Armenpress

Meeting of Armenian, Azerbaijani parliament speakers ended

The meeting of the speakers of the parliaments of Armenia and Azerbaijan ended in Geneva. The parties discussed how the two countries can support the peace process. They have agreed to explore possibilities for dialogue at the parliamentary level.

Armenpress, Armenia and Azerbaijan parliaments' speakers meeting kicks off, Delegation led by Alen Simonyan is in Geneva, Armenian, Azerbaijani Parliament Speakers meet in Geneva, Armenian Parliament Speaker to address 148th Assembly of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, Armenian, Azerbaijani Parliament speakers to meet in Geneva

Measures and programmes implemented in healthcare sector in 2023 debated

In 2023, the volumes of hard-to-reach hospital medical care and services increased within the framework of the state order, namely, 861.845 services were provided. Minister of Health Anahit Avanesyan presented the report on the 2023 implementation of the Armenian Government program (2021-2026)

Armenpress, More than 860 thousand medical services provided free of charge in Armenia in 2023

EU observers brief the Ambassador and Deputy Ambassador of Sweden on the security situation in the Gegharkunik region

Swedish Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Armenia Patrik Svensson and Deputy Ambassador, Head of Development Cooperation Klass Waldenström visited the operational office of the EU civilian monitoring mission in Armenia. The monitors briefed the guests on the security situation and the human security aspects on the ground.

Armenpress

The meeting of the leaders of the parliaments of Armenia and Azerbaijan took place in a constructive atmosphere

The parties agreed to consider the possibility of dialogue at the inter-parliamentary level. Armenia submitted its proposals on the peace treaty on January 4. On February 21, the Azerbaijani side answered them.

CivilNet

The heads of the parliaments of Armenia and Azerbaijan will meet

The last Armenian-Azerbaijani contact was on March 7, when the seventh meeting of the border delimitation commissions took place. About a week before that, on February 28-29, negotiations were held in Berlin. Nelly Ghulyan, the spokesperson of the NA President, informed the media in the conversations with the media.

CivilNet

UN Court to hold public hearings on Armenia v. Azerbaijan case

The International Court of Justice will hold public hearings on the preliminary objections raised by Azerbaijan in the case concerning Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Armenia v. Azerbaijan) at the Peace Palace in The Hague, the seat of the Court.

ArmRadio

Armenia PM meets Chinese Vice Premier

Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan met with Chinese Vice Premier Zhang Guoqing in Brussels on March 21.

PanArmenian

Blinken meets Netanyahu ahead of a UN Security Council vote on immediate ceasefire in Gaza

Secretary of State Antony Blinken in Middle East to discuss post-war plan to govern and secure Gaza. First time the US has supported calls for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza. Hamas says more than 31,900 people have been killed in Gaza since Israel launched its offensive.

Armenpress

The friend of the Minister of Internal Affairs fatally ran over a woman pedestrian while drunk. Daniel Ioannisyan

Vardan Avagyan, a friend of Minister Vahe Ghazaryan, fatally ran over a 60-year-old woman. Daniel Ioannisyan, program coordinator of the Union of Informed Citizens NGO, wrote about it on his Facebook page, claiming that the police are hiding this case.

CivilNet

Narek Samsonyan and Vazgen Saghatelyan were arrested

Narek Samsonyan, the president of the "Civic Consciousness" ; NGO, was arrested. In the video published on the Internet, it can be seen that the law enforcement officers are arresting Samsonyan by knocking him to the ground. Vazgen Saghatelyan, the brother of former RPA deputy Arman Saghlyan, was also arrested.

CivilNet

The Embassy of Armenia was opened in Uruguay

The official opening ceremony of the Armenian Embassy in Uruguay was held on March 21. Ararat Mirzoyan and Omar Paganini were both the foreign ministers of the two countries. The resident embassy of Uruguay operates in Yerevan and the flag of Uruguay flies.

CivilNet, Armenian Embassy officially opened in Uguguay, Armenian Embassy officially inaugurated in Uruguay, Armenia Foreign Minister details Azerbaijan processes in Uruguay

Memorandums signed on filming movies for Netflix in Armenia - minister

Netflix will shoot two movies and one TV series in Armenia under the production of Til Schweiger- "Underdog", "Dead by Dawn" and "Collapse" Minister of Education, Science, Culture and Sport Zhanna Andreasyan also said that ten Armenian films that participated in 110 film festivals received 28 awards.

ArkaAm

💵 Economy

IDBank as a Participant in the Conference of My Forest Armenia NGO

On March 21st, the environmental NGO “My Forest Armenia” initiated a conference on the topic “Forest ecosystem services and the impact on business” Tigran Mkhitaryan, Corporate Business Director of IDBank, spoke about the role of environmental programs in business growth.

Armenpress

🧪 Science & Technology

UN adopts first global artificial intelligence resolution

The United Nations General Assembly unanimously adopted the first global resolution on artificial intelligence. The resolution encourages countries to safeguard human rights, protect personal data, and monitor AI for risks. The nonbinding resolution was proposed by the United States and co-sponsored by China and over 120 other nations.

Armenpress

Electronic prescription system does not work properly: expert voices problems

Vahan Grigoryan of the Vaga-Pharm pharmacy chain believes the transition to the electronic prescription system has not been properly worked out by the Ministry of Health. Doctors still have to write paper prescriptions because of huge queues of patients in polyclinics and lack of time to fill out e-prescriptions. Since March 1, prescriptions for 470 medicines have been written electronically in Armenia.

ArkaAm

Single system of electronic services for individuals launched in Armenia (VIDEO)

Armenia’s State Revenue Committee (SRC) said it has launched the single system of electronic services for individuals. Individuals can register with the tax authority and get a taxpayer registration number, see their income and make social expenses, as well as submit income declarations.

ArkaAm

⚽ Sport

Football: Armenia to host Kosovo in a friendly

Armenia will host Kosovo in a friendly match at Hanrapetakan (Republican) Stadium in Yerevan. The match will kick off at 8 pm local time. Irakli Kvirikashvili is appointed as the match referee, he will be assisted by David Chigogidze and Zaven Hovhannisyan.

ArmRadio

Donations to Armenia:

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This subreddit did not allow me to cross-post this post, so re-copying it as a new post with full credit to the original poster.
author: u/aegon-the-befuddled
original link: https://www.reddit.com/pakistan/comments/ge7dui/dispelling_the_myth_baluchistan_accession/
original title: Dispelling the myth: Baluchistan accession
"Our friendly neighbors, our own ethnonationalists often speak of how Baluchistan State hadn't acceded to Pakistan and how it was forcibly taken via a 'Police action'.
Let's set the facts straight, once and for all.
Firstly, there was no Balochistan state then & there was no princely state or parliament representing present day Balochistan in 1947. This is a map of how modern day Baluchistan stood in 1947 when British were leaving.
As you can see, there were 6 units of what we know today as Baluchistan.

1. British Chief Commissioner’s Balochistan (Included the leased territories of Quetta, Nasirabad and Nushki which were taken from Kalat by the British)
2. Princely State of Kharan (Considered vassal of Kalat by British but official principality rank).
3. Princely State of Lasbela.(Considered vassal of Kalat by British but official principality rank).
4. Princely State of Makran.(Considered vassal of Kalat by British but official principality rank).
5. Princely State of Kalat
6. Omani Enclave of Gwadar (Ceded by Kalat temporarily to aid an exiled Omani Prince who betrayed the Baluchs, occupied Gwadar and then cut deals with the British to keep possession of the city)

Now let us step back a moment and take a look at how Baluchistan joined British India.
Balochistan Agency was created to colonize Balochistan in 1877 after Treaty of Mastung 1854, Treaty of Kalat 1875 and Treaty of Jacobabad 1876.
Important articles of Treaty of Jacobabad here:

1. Part 1
2. Part 2
3. Part 3

These treaties were negotiated so cleverly by Sir Robert Sandeman that he’s called ‘Peaceful Conquerer of Baluchistan’ by A.L.P. Tucker. A map of the Agency.
By signing these 3 treaties Khan e Kalat had effectively lost political control outside Kalat State by 1877 & accepted British Political Agent as the ultimate arbitrator in disputes amongst baloch sardars, In return for a payment & military support against Afghan incursions. Funnily enough, the reason Khan of Kalat Khan Khodadad Khan joined British India was:

the Khan was so enamoured by the titles and banners being given to Indian princes that he insisted to the Viceroy Lord Lytton that ‘But I am a feudatory quite as loyal and obedient as any other. I don’t want to be an independent prince and I do want to have my banner like all the rest. Pray let me have it.’ Thus, Kalat was an Indian state not because the British had deemed it, but because the ruler himself had practically begged for it.

Anyhow, Khan of Kalat, Nawabs of Makran & Kharan & Jam of Lasbela were called to the Royal Delhi Durbar of 1903 in recognition of their status as princely states. Nawabs of Sarawan & Jhalawan never received this invitation or titles since they’re considered under suzerainty of Kalat. Photo of the Baluch guests and another one.
The last Khan, Ahmad Yar Khan did try to return to previous state of affairs as before 1877. In a long memorandum to the British, the Khan claimed that his state was like Afghanistan and Nepal and should be treated separately from the other Indian states. The government of India replied in 1941, reasserting their decision that Kalat was an Indian state and had been treated as such for decades. So that was that.
Khan tried his luck again, this time with Pakistan's designated government. Unlike the British, Pakistan agreed to acknowledge Kalat's separate sovereign status. Lord Mountbatten realised the impacts of this agreement even if Kalat didn't. He wrote to British secretary for India:

‘it looks as though if the Khan of Kalat insists on his independent status it will cost him the leased territories including Quetta—a high price to pay for vanity.’

And this is what happened. Pakistan informed Kalat of legal implications of the agreement and how leased areas were not going to be returned to Kalat unless it became a part of Federation. With no hope for the retrocession of the leased areas, negotiations began between the Government of Pakistan and the Government of Kalat in September 1947 over accession.
So now that you have political structure and situation in mind, let's head back to where we started. 11 Aug 1947 when Khan of Kalat signed a Standstill agreement with Quaid to negotiate the future, Kharan, Makran, Lasbela categorically rejected Kalat’s claims of suzerainty.
Jinnah signed in good faith expecting all states to ultimately accede. Mountbatten refused to sign. The standstill agreement between Kalat and Pakistan. Do note, we are speaking only of Kalat.
Chief Commissioner’s Balochistan overwhelmingly voted for accession to Pakistan at ‘Shahi Jirga’ in Quetta after a spirited campaign by Qazi M Essa head of Baluchistan Provincial Muslim League. He not only rallied people in Baluchistan but also in KPK to vote for Pakistan. So one unit was down.
Princely State of Kharan was ruled by Mir Habibullah Khan Nowsherwani who favoured accession to Pakistan so highly that he wrote to QaideAzam lamenting delays in Kharan’s merger with Pakistan & proclaimed:

“People of Kharan are independent from Kalat & will die for Pakistan.”

Princely State of Lasbela was ruled by Jam Ghulam Qadir Khan, grandfather of current CM Balochistan Jam Kamal. He also repeatedly wrote to Quaid regarding pressure politics of Khan of Kalat after British rule ended & demanded a quick accession of Lasbela to Pakistan.
Princely State of Makran was ruled by Nawab Bai Khan Gichki who insisted on Quaid to accept an immediate accession of Makran to Pakistan & upon delays, grew impatient & threatened that:

“If Pakistan doesn’t accept Makran’s accession soon, then we may approach others.”

Princely State of Kalat mere 26% of today’s province of Balochistan was ruled by Mir Ahmed Yar Khan who was close to Quaid , his legal adviser.
Kalat had a nominated parliament dominated by pro Congress & anti Muslim League politicians of Kalat State National Party.
Khan of Kalat knew that independence wasn’t an option for him & princely states were to eventually choose b/w accession to Pakistan/India & accession to India wasn’t feasible due to the geography. He negotiated with QaideAzam to get max influence upon accession to Pakistan.
After Standstill agreement, Khan e Kalat asked Kalat’s parliament to vote on accession where politicians of Kalat State National Party Malik Saeed Khan Dehwar, Gul Khan Naseer, Alijah Ghous Bux Mengal, Ghous Bux Bizenjo allied with Indian Congress & voted against accession.
Khan of Kalat refused to ratify this vote of Kalat’s houses of parliament, instead lobbied for accession to Pakistan, while attempting to use this vote in negotiations with QaideAzam as leverage to maximise his own influence in any future political setup as part of Pakistan. Quaid's letter to the Khan after one such meeting with his PM. The Kalat PM mentioned in the letter had a frank talk with Pak Foreign secretary.

the Khan would eventually sign the Instrument as ‘if he did not, his sardars would turn him out, as they were determined to join Pakistan anyhow and were only waiting to be assured of their own rights.’

These negotiating tactics by KhaneKalat delayed the accession to Pakistan till Feb 1948.
It disappointed QaideAzam in Ahmed Yar Khan & Quaid also handed over the matter of Kalat to Foreign Service instead of personally overseeing it as he had deep bond of friendship with the Khan who used to refer to Quaid as a father figure. Quaid's Private secretary wrote to the Khan:

‘in view of the passage of time and the indecisive and changing attitude of Your Highness, he has now decided that it would be best to terminate his personal negotiations with Your Highness and to hand over the matter to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs…’

Bureaucrats changed the game. Out of personal relations, Quaid had retained the British policy of considering Other princes of Baluchistan as vassals of Kalat. Foreign Service Babus however now recognised independence of Kharan, Lasbela, Makran as successor of British government in the region and these states gleefully acceded to Pakistan with Khan looking helplessly as his nominal vassals abandoned him. It isolated Kalat being landlocked in middle of Balochistan, as you can see in the map shared on top. Khan decided to play tough and the response by Pakistan government was that she would not object to individual Lords of Kalat acceding to Pakistan, given the nature of the state where each Chief was defacto independent and nominally under Khan. And that actually started happening. Tribal chiefs started abandoning the Khan and joining Pakistan. Khan tried to rally his sardars and invited them to his home. Only 2 out of 72 came, rest refused.
On top of Kalat’s isolation, on 27th March 1948 an All India Radio Broadcast announced:

“Kalat requested accession to India, which Nehru has rejected”

This humiliated Khan of Kalat, he denied making such a request & hurriedly announced Kalat state’s accession to Pakistan. This is the telegram he sent to Karachi:

‘It had never been my intention to accede to India. … This was nothing but a piece of false propaganda. … My first reaction after hearing the news was that no time be lost to put an end to the false propaganda and to avoid and forestall the possibility of friction between the Moslem brethren in Kalat and Pakistan.
It is therefore declared that from 9 p.m. on March 27—the time when I heard the false news over the air, I forewith decided to accede to Pakistan.’

Later, All India Radio clarified that it was a mistake, but by that time Kalat had long acceded to Pakistan.
Another gross misrepresentation of historical facts by nationalists is that Ahmed Yar Khan signed Kalat’s accession to Pakistan under PakArmy’s gun point!
He was indeed arrested, not in 1948 but on 6 Oct 1958, after his public opposition to the One Unit by Ayub Khan Govt.
But in 1948 not only was Khan e Kalat not arrested, he was honoured by Pakistan with a royal title & appointed as the ceremonial ‘Khan e Azam’ of a newly created Tribal Council of Balochistan called Balochistan States Union comprising states of Kharan, Makran, Lasbela & Kalat.
Nationalist leaders of Kalat, Mir Ghous Bux Bizenjo, Mir Gul Khan Naseer & Mir Ahmed Yar Khan himself have written books & they haven’t even remotely alluded to the accession as being forced in any way.
Another myth that goes hand in hand with gunpoint myth is that younger brother of the Khan, Prince Abdul Karim revolted against his brother's decision and Pakistan for Baluch independence immediately. That is false. Insurgency did happen but for different reasons. Prince Abdul Karim, who had been dislodged as governor of Makran by its Nawab who had acceded to Pakistan, declared an insurgency against Pakistan. However, this insurgency, which mainly included the Prince and his disgruntled friends and followers, was short-lived and died within a couple of months. He did not get his governorship back.
Written by: Khurram Khan Dehwar and some parts by me.
Sources:
1 - Mir Ghous Bux Bizenjo, In Search of Solutions An Autobiography, Pakistan Study Centre. Edited by B.M Kutty.
2 -Mir Gul Khan Naseer, Tarikhe Balochistan, Quetta.
3 -Mir Ahmed Yar Khan, Inside Baluchistan: Political Autobiography of Khan-e-Azam.
4 -People of Pakistan: An Ethnic History, Yuri V Gankovsky
5 -Back to the Future Khanate of Kalat & Genesis of Balochistan, Martin Axmann.
6 -Accession of Kalat, Professor Dushku Sayyid Wolfson College University of Cambridge.
7-Balochistan Problem, by Imtiaz Ali.
8-History of Baloch Race & Balochistan by Sardar Mohammad K Baluch.
9-Problem of Greater Baluchistan by Inayatullah Baluch.
10-Searchlight of Baloch & Balochistan, by Mir Khuda Buksh Baloch.
11-Baloch Nationalism: Origins & Development, Taj Mohammad Breseeg
12-Good for one but not the other: The Sandman System, by Christian Tripodi
13-Sir Robert Sandeman: Peaceful Conqueror of Balochistan by ALP Tucker.
14-Baloch in Search of Identity, by Naimatullah Gichki."
As an added bonus, here is a good write-up based on a scholarly source from another redditor:
https://www.reddit.com/pakistan/comments/18mbmwk/comment/kea9dlj/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web2x&context=3
"I do not know how credible this yogeena veena is from that specific website but sure, here is what I have found to support my stance. Firstly here is a reddit post refuting the accession myth while also providing sources from where the information has been taken. One of the most credible researches which I do often find being cited is of Yaqoob Khan bangash who has researched thoroughly on the accession of all princely states to Pakistan. Unfortunately I could not find any free pdf for the book, which happens to be locked behind a paywall. Another credible research is by Dushka H saiyid. The official source for this is: Accession of Balochistan
However I could not find any official method to access this so I had to go on another site which copied the research. The link is present here
To save you from the hassle of reading all of it, I will share some extracts I found to be really interesting.
"What complicated the situation was the desire of Kharan and Las Bela, two feudatories of Kalat, to accede to Pakistan, irrespective of Kalat’s decision. Moreover, Mekran, which was a district of Kalat, wanted to do the same. There are a plethora of letters from the rulers of Kharan and Las Bela entreating the Quaid to accept the accession of their states to Pakistan, irrespective of Kalat’s decision. Mir Mohammed Habibullah Khan, the ruler of Kharan, wrote to the Quaid on August 21, 1947: “I announce on behalf of myself and my subjects…and joins Pakistan Dominion as its suzerain and promises to serve Pakistan up to its extent.”28 In each successive letter, Habibullah Khan makes it apparent that the supremacy of Kalat is unacceptable to him. He wrote to the Quaid in November 1947, by then the Governor-General of Pakistan: “My State will never submit to the dictates of the Kalat State and will continue to oppose any moves aimed at an interference of the State’s freedom to act.”29 A few days later writing again to the Governor-General, he argued that it is not possible any longer for Kharan to bear the undue interference from the Kalat state, and described the legal status of Kharan in these words: “Following the lapse of the British paramountcy, Kharan repudiated the supremacy of Kalat and acceded to Pakistan.”30 Kharan also complained that Kalat was arming the “mischief mongers” in Kharan with the purpose of creating law and order situation in Pakistan-controlled areas."
And here u go with another one:
Mir Mohammad Habibullah Khan, the ruler of Kharan, wrote to the Quaid-i-Azam Mohammed Ali Jinnah in December 1947 and explained why Kharan did not accept the suzerainty of Kalat. He said that before the advent of the British, Kharan was under the influence of Afghanistan, and that it was in 1883 that it accepted the paramountcy of Britain. Kharan, he said, received an allowance of Rs. 6,000 per year from the British until August 15, 1947 in lieu of the allowance it used to get from Afghanistan. He argued that Kharan was an independent state under the paramountcy of the British. Kalat, he said, has always wanted to subjugate Kharan, and even launched an armed attack against Kharan in 1939 to force it to accept Kalat’s hegemony. Habibullah Khan then declared: “After August 15, 1947, Kharan is absolutely an independent State. It has decided to accede to Pakistan. However, whether Kharan joins Pakistan or remains outside, this much is clear that it will never, in any way, accept Kalat’s hegemony.”34 His position about the Brohi Confederacy was that Sardar Azad Khan, the ruler of Kharan, had not recognized the Khan of Kalat as his Sardar during Sir Robert Sandeman’s tenure of office.35
The ruler of Kharan in Baluchistan, while visiting Karachi in October 1947, issued a statement, saying: “Kharan was equal to Kalat and would never suffer subordination to her; Kharan would live and, if necessary, die for Pakistan.” Kalat continued to deny that either of the two feudatories could be regarded as separate states. 36
(Forgive me for messed up format, there seems to be random numbers in between sentences)
Anyways, that is what I could find. If there is anything u can produce which refutes this then I'll be glad to know as I also am learning.
Other than that, the reason why I said it's economically hard to develop balochistan is due to its large barren land, low population, harsh terrain and lack of infrastructure. The state used this to justify lack of development in balochistan and I condemn that. I believe the development of balochistan is of utmost priority and the province has immense potential.
And I agree, nobody stood up for baloch and that is why I mentioned that our lack for respect for eachother is what has led us here. Nobody stood up for nobody. We need to stand up for eachother to ensure we build a more prosperous society for all. While I do blame the elitist system for many of the issues, our inability to organise ourselves against that system is what failed us."

Cross-posting from Army
Why I’m writing this
I graduated LOGBOLC on Tuesday and want to provide a detailed description of the course so that incoming students know what to expect and can prepare themselves better mentally and physically.
In processing
You will have a welcome brief the day your report to BOLC. Your TAC will introduce themself, you will introduce yourself to your peers, and then your TAC will lay out expectations for the course. Over the next few days, you will sit through many in-processing briefs (chaplain, BH, SHARP, EO, etc.), in-process with finance, do HT/WT, and conduct a PT test.
Bring all documentation and packing list items described in Welcome Letter / pre-course material. If you don’t - your TAC will square you away. But the more prepared you are the easier your life is earlier on in the course. It’s a minor PITA to be scrambling around collecting documents while you’re still getting acclimated to the new environment.
Lodging
You will stay at the IHG Holiday Inn Express, Building 12015 with all of the other TDY BOLC students for the duration of the course. It is a massive hotel (I think I heard that it’s the largest Holiday Inn in the world). You will stay in a studio style room with a small kitchenette which includes a stove, mini-fridge, microwave, and storage space. Cookware is available at the front desk for free. The hotel is a 5 minute walk from the schoolhouse. There is a hotel restaurant/bar on the first floor. There is free breakfast every morning.
It’s my understanding that if you recycle, you will be put on PCS orders. This will require you to find lodging off-post.
PT
There are 3 physical events that you must pass to graduate the course: ACFT, 4x36, and 12 mile ruck. If you don’t pass on the first try you will be given opportunities to re-test and pass these all the way up to graduation. However, I recommend that you show up in shape. Being good at PT is good for your image and it saves you the trouble of constantly having to retake these PT events and having them hanging over your head.
Academics
The first 12 or so weeks of course is pretty much all death by PowerPoint in the classroom. There are 5 exams - one after each module. A breakdown of what to expect in each module is below.

• Module 1 - Army Profession

You learn the basics of officership. Army values, Army writing, briefing, counseling, personal finance in the military, etc. If your instructor’s last name rhymes with fear, expect lots of cold calling and public speaking in class. I felt like I was in law school.
During this module, you write several graded memorandums. Follow the instructor’s guidance and AR 25-50 to a T. Small mistakes add up quickly and can erode your grades on these papers.
You also give an information brief. Again, follow your instructor’s guidance about the structure of your slide deck and presentation to a T.
Pay attention in class, make good notes, and you will do well on the exam.

• Module 2 - Building Readiness

You learn about building and maintaining readiness in your unit. This includes property accountability, maintenance, USR, and driver’s training.
Pay attention in class, make good notes, and you will do well on the exam.

• Module 3 - Mission Preparation

You learn how a unit deploys and operates downrange. This includes the unit deployment process, unit training management, and some tactical stuff (convoy operations, indirect fire + radios).
You will plan and execute tactical convoy missions in RVTT (virtual convoy simulator).
You will do a deployment exercise (DEPEX) group project where you plan how to “deploy” a battalion to North Torbia.
You will do a unit training management (UTM) group project where you plan a year’s worth of training for a unit.
Pay attention in class, make good notes, and you will do well on the exam.

• Module 4+5 / LSCO 1+2

You learn how the Army sustains units on the front lines in a LSCO environment. These modules have a reputation of being exceptionally difficult.
If your instructor’s last name rhymes with looker - count your lucky stars. He is the best LSCO instructor in the schoolhouse and does a very good job at explaining the concepts in a clear, concise manner that resonates well with students. I can not speak for other instructors.
Regardless of who your instructor is, the same principles for success I’ve described above apply. Pay attention in class, make good notes, and ask questions if you’re lost. I promise that if you do these things, you will pass LSCO with flying colors.
LOGEX
You will spend five days planning a resupply mission from the BSA to the front lines. Delegate the due-outs evenly amongst your group. Give the tougher ones to the high-speed guys. USE THE RUBRIC that they give you as a “checklist” for your final graded presentation.
Tactics
You have POI and hands on practice on -10 level tasks (BRM, crew served weapons, radios, etc.) and tactics relevant to the FTX (engagement area development, tactical convoys, etc.). There are two graded events during this portion of the course. They are as follows.

• Land Navigation

This is a night into day course (5am - 10am). You need to find 6/8 points to pass. The course is filled with roads/trails and you are allowed to use the. Most points are <300m from the roads. I recommend hand railing the roads and using attack points heavily. Bring a bright red lens. Nobody in our company failed this event.

• Qual

You will do Table I-IV at BOLC. They will give you ample opportunities to shoot and retrain so that you can qual. Nobody in our company failed this event.
I recommend you bring your own cleaning kit to the range. Relying on others or the supplies at the range can be a PITA.
FTX
The FTX is easy and there’s a lot of down time.
The concept is that on day one, you arrive at a TAA and must load trucks then move your company into a brigade support area (BSA). From days two through five, you defend your BSA against enemy probing while running tactical convoys to the front lines to deliver supplies.
You need to know how to conduct two missions during the FTX: conduct a tactical convoy and conduct an area defense. You will have ample POI and hands-on repetitions during the academic portion of the course, RVTT, and tactics.
Study up on these missions before the FTX and be a good team player. Minimize your complaining and griping. Do everything in your power to support your peers (volunteer for details, volunteer to be RTO/Medic and do it well, share your pogey bait/ZYNs/vapes/cigarettes)
Out processing
During out processing, you turn in your gear to CIF, receive your final counselings/class rankings, and complete a few pieces of out-processing paperwork.
If you’re on PCS orders - you have to clear the unit/installation. From what I’ve seen, this is a giant “easter-egg hunt” that involves stopping by or calling over dozen locations on base. Use this fact as motivation not to recycle.
Advice

• Build relationships with peers. Take opportunities to go out with them early and often and go out of your way to help them whenever you can. This will make your experience much more enjoyable. By doing this, you build good support network, you enhance your reputation for if/when you run into them in the force, and it will improve peer rankings
• Start notes for the exam early. Fold blank paper into 4 and write all of the contents of the PowerPoints word for word. This, coupled with trying your best to pay attention in class, will enable you to pass and more.
• It would be beneficial to volunteer for class leadership. S1 and Academics Officer are the most rigorous, so maybe avoid those. But all class leadership will enhance your reputation with your peers and your TACs, so long as you do it well. It’s also a good opportunity to get to know your peers better by working with them more intensively.
• You will do a significant amount of public speaking in this course. If that’s something that scares you, prepare yourself mentally. I would challenge you to volunteer for class leadership, brief for your group, and push yourself out of your comfort zone so you can maximize the extent to which you can develop this skillset. It will serve you well in the Army and in life.
• If you ever get a rubric with an assignment - use the rubric as a checklist + guide for how you complete it. If you satisfy all of the requirements on the rubric you will do well. Sounds like common sense - but I’ve seen several people/groups waste a lot of time and energy trying to do things their own way.
• Come in shape - ready to pass ACFT, 4x36, and 3h43min 12 mile ruck. It’s a good look to your peers and your TACs. Failing physical events and having to re-do them is a PITA.
• Lead when it’s your turn to lead. Be a good follower when it’s your turn to follow
• Right place, time, uniform, attitude - always.

This is not a hard course. Show up with a good attitude, give all of the assignments some effort, and be in shape and you will pass easily. I wish incoming/current BOLC students the best of luck. If you have any adds/questions/feedback feel free to drop them in the comments.

Why I’m writing this
I graduated LOGBOLC on Tuesday and want to provide a detailed description of the course so that incoming students know what to expect and can prepare themselves better mentally and physically.
In processing
You will have a welcome brief the day your report to BOLC. Your TAC will introduce themself, you will introduce yourself to your peers, and then your TAC will lay out expectations for the course. Over the next few days, you will sit through many in-processing briefs (chaplain, BH, SHARP, EO, etc.), in-process with finance, do HT/WT, and conduct a PT test.
Bring all documentation and packing list items described in Welcome Letter / pre-course material. If you don’t - your TAC will square you away. But the more prepared you are the easier your life is earlier on in the course. It’s a minor PITA to be scrambling around collecting documents while you’re still getting acclimated to the new environment.
Lodging
You will stay at the IHG Holiday Inn Express, Building 12015 with all of the other TDY BOLC students for the duration of the course. It is a massive hotel (I think I heard that it’s the largest Holiday Inn in the world). You will stay in a studio style room with a small kitchenette which includes a stove, mini-fridge, microwave, and storage space. Cookware is available at the front desk for free. The hotel is a 5 minute walk from the schoolhouse. There is a hotel restaurant/bar on the first floor. There is free breakfast every morning.
It’s my understanding that if you recycle, you will be put on PCS orders. This will require you to find lodging off-post.
PT
There are 3 physical events that you must pass to graduate the course: ACFT, 4x36, and 12 mile ruck. If you don’t pass on the first try you will be given opportunities to re-test and pass these all the way up to graduation. However, I recommend that you show up in shape. Being good at PT is good for your image and it saves you the trouble of constantly having to retake these PT events and having them hanging over your head.
Academics
The first 12 or so weeks of course is pretty much all death by PowerPoint in the classroom. There are 5 exams - one after each module. A breakdown of what to expect in each module is below.

• Module 1 - Army Profession

You learn the basics of officership. Army values, Army writing, briefing, counseling, personal finance in the military, etc. If your instructor’s last name rhymes with fear, expect lots of cold calling and public speaking in class. I felt like I was in law school.
During this module, you write several graded memorandums. Follow the instructor’s guidance and AR 25-50 to a T. Small mistakes add up quickly and can erode your grades on these papers.
You also give an information brief. Again, follow your instructor’s guidance about the structure of your slide deck and presentation to a T.
Pay attention in class, make good notes, and you will do well on the exam.

• Module 2 - Building Readiness

You learn about building and maintaining readiness in your unit. This includes property accountability, maintenance, USR, and driver’s training.
Pay attention in class, make good notes, and you will do well on the exam.

• Module 3 - Mission Preparation

You learn how a unit deploys and operates downrange. This includes the unit deployment process, unit training management, and some tactical stuff (convoy operations, indirect fire + radios).
You will plan and execute tactical convoy missions in RVTT (virtual convoy simulator).
You will do a deployment exercise (DEPEX) group project where you plan how to “deploy” a battalion to North Torbia.
You will do a unit training management (UTM) group project where you plan a year’s worth of training for a unit.
Pay attention in class, make good notes, and you will do well on the exam.

• Module 4+5 - LSCO 1+2

You learn how the Army sustains units on the front lines in a LSCO environment. These modules have a reputation of being exceptionally difficult.
If your instructor’s last name rhymes with looker - count your lucky stars. He is the best LSCO instructor in the schoolhouse and does a very good job at explaining the concepts in a clear, concise manner that resonates well with students. I can not speak for other instructors.
Regardless of who your instructor is, the same principles for success I’ve described above apply. Pay attention in class, make good notes, and ask questions if you’re lost. I promise that if you do these things, you will pass LSCO with flying colors.
LOGEX
You will spend five days planning a resupply mission from the BSA to the front lines. Delegate the due-outs evenly amongst your group. Give the tougher ones to the high-speed guys. USE THE RUBRIC that they give you as a “checklist” for your final graded presentation.
Tactics
You have POI and hands on practice on -10 level tasks (BRM, crew served weapons, radios, etc.) and tactics relevant to the FTX (engagement area development, tactical convoys, etc.). There are two graded events during this portion of the course. They are as follows.

• Land Navigation

This is a night into day course (5am - 10am). You need to find 6/8 points to pass. The course is filled with roads/trails and you are allowed to use them. Most points are <300m from the roads. I recommend hand railing the roads and using attack points heavily. Bring a bright red lens. Nobody in our company failed this event.

• Qual

You will do Table I-IV at BOLC. They will give you ample opportunities to shoot and retrain so that you can qual. Nobody in our company failed this event.
I recommend you bring your own cleaning kit to the range. Relying on others or the supplies at the range can be a PITA.
FTX
The FTX is easy and there’s a lot of down time.
The concept is that on day one, you arrive at a TAA and must load trucks then move your company into a brigade support area (BSA). From days two through five, you defend your BSA against enemy probing while running tactical convoys to the front lines to deliver supplies.
You need to know how to conduct two missions during the FTX: conduct a tactical convoy and conduct an area defense. You will have ample POI and hands-on repetitions during the academic portion of the course, RVTT, and tactics.
Study up on these missions before the FTX and be a good team player. Minimize your complaining and griping. Do everything in your power to support your peers (volunteer for details, volunteer to be RTO/Medic and do it well, share your pogey bait/ZYNs/vapes/cigarettes)
Out processing
During out processing, you turn in your gear to CIF, receive your final counselings/class rankings, and complete a few pieces of out-processing paperwork.
If you’re on PCS orders - you have to clear the unit/installation. From what I’ve seen, this is a giant “easter-egg hunt” that involves stopping by or calling over dozen locations on base. Use this fact as motivation not to recycle.
Advice

• Build relationships with peers. Take opportunities to go out with them early and often and go out of your way to help them whenever you can. This will make your experience much more enjoyable. By doing this, you build good support network, you enhance your reputation for if/when you run into them in the force, and it will improve peer rankings
• Start notes for the exam early. Fold blank paper into 4 and write all of the contents of the PowerPoints word for word. This, coupled with trying your best to pay attention in class, will enable you to pass and more.
• It would be beneficial to volunteer for class leadership. S1 and Academics Officer are the most rigorous, so maybe avoid those. But all class leadership will enhance your reputation with your peers and your TACs, so long as you do it well. It’s also a good opportunity to get to know your peers better by working with them more intensively.
• You will do a significant amount of public speaking in this course. If that’s something that scares you, prepare yourself mentally. I would challenge you to volunteer for class leadership, brief for your group, and push yourself out of your comfort zone so you can maximize the extent to which you can develop this skillset. It will serve you well in the Army and in life.
• If you ever get a rubric with an assignment - use the rubric as a checklist + guide for how you complete it. If you satisfy all of the requirements on the rubric you will do well. Sounds like common sense - but I’ve seen several people/groups waste a lot of time and energy trying to do things their own way.
• Come in shape - ready to pass ACFT, 4x36, and 3h43min 12 mile ruck. It’s a good look to your peers and your TACs. Failing physical events and having to re-do them is a PITA.
• Lead when it’s your turn to lead. Be a good follower when it’s your turn to follow
• Right place, time, uniform, attitude - always.

This is not a hard course. Show up with a good attitude, give all of the assignments some effort, and be in shape and you will pass easily. I wish incoming/current BOLC students the best of luck. If you have any adds/questions/feedback feel free to drop them in the comments.

"With the backing of the CIA of course, the organization you wanted to join back in the day... We should thank God they didn't let you in." - Russian President Vladimir Putin unexpectedly bodying Tucker Carlson on his weird little garage show

The Struggle Israel

As mediators continue to negotiate a potential deal between Israel and Hamas, Israel’s far-right government decided to press on with its deadly campaign in Gaza.

• Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu called for a “massive operation” in the city of Rafah in southern Gaza, one of the last refuges for civilians in the enclave, which has been under constant siege since the October 7 Hamas attack. Just a few months ago, the Netanyahu government and its Israel Defense Forces instructed Gazans to move south, giving them little more than 24 hours to do so, as they attacked the north. Now, an estimated 1.4 million civilians are sheltering in the south, half the enclave’s population.
  
• IDF airstrikes on Rafah Thursday night killed at least 13 people, according to the local hospital that received the bodies. According to an estimate from the U.N. Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees (UNRWA), the city’s population has swelled to five times its prewar total, and thousands of people are sleeping in tents or makeshift dwellings that offer almost no protection. Many of the civilians sheltering in the city have been displaced multiple times since the war began.
  
• Netanyahu has directed the IDF to present a “dual plan” to remove the civilian population from combat zones and to “collapse” the four remaining Hamas factions it claims remain in Rafah. It’s unclear what shape this plan will take. U.S. Intelligence officials told Congress this week that while Israel has degraded Hamas’s military capabilities, it is currently not close to eliminating the group.
  

The Biden administration, which has been cagey about criticizing Israel since the war began, seems to be losing patience with the Netanyahu government, as the death toll in Gaza surpasses 27,000.

• National Security Council spokesperson John Kirby said on Thursday that a major military offensive in Rafah “would be a disaster,” and that under current conditions, the United States “would not support it.” President Biden gave some of his most direct criticism of Israel yet, calling its campaign in Gaza “over the top.” Biden issued a memorandum on Thursday laying out standards of conduct to which countries that have received American weapons must adhere. For the first time, it requires the administration to submit an annual report to Congress about whether countries are meeting these requirements.
  
• The move came after several prominent progressive lawmakers like Sens. Bernie Sanders (I-VT) and Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) raised concerns about continuing to fund Israel’s effort with unconditional aid. So far, only half of Senate Democrats have supported a measure that would ensure Israel and other countries are held accountable for meeting such standards, which include abiding by international law and facilitating the transport of U.S. humanitarian aid. Last month, the United States suspended funding to UNRWA—an organization on which 87 percent of Gazans rely for daily aid—after Israel accused a dozen of it’s 13,000 employees of participating in the October 7 terrorist attacks. As Ben Rhodes explained on Pod Save the World, Netanyahu has long wanted to see UNRWA—which was established in 1949, when Palestinians were displaced in the creation of Israel—dissolved, because he does not want Palestinians to have refugee status, which comes with certain protections like “right of resettlement,” or “right of return.” Netanyahu and far-right extremist Israeli Foreign Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir, Rhodes says, want to “erase a certain legal categorization of identity for Palestinians.”
  

The White House has warned Netanyahu about “indiscriminate” bombings, and many of Secretary of State Antony Blinken’s visits to the Middle East have been conducted with the aim of convincing Israel to pursue a more targeted military strategy, but there has been seemingly little change. Now, as the IDF gears up to conduct a massive military operation in Rafah, the United States needs to decide whether it will change course if Netanyahu does not.

Look No Further Than Crooked Media

Keep It hosts Louis & Ira shared hot takes on why they felt Taylor Swift’s Grammy speech was a flop. To hear this and more news coming out of music’s biggest night of the year, check out the latest Keep It episode on YouTube or wherever you get your podcasts!

Under The Radar

Special Counsel Jack Smith urged the judge overseeing disgraced former President Trump’s criminal case in South Florida to reconsider her decision to reveal the identities of potential witnesses in the case, saying they’d likely become targets of threats. Smith’s legal filing seemed to reflect a sense of rising exasperation among his team of prosecutors with Judge Aileen Cannon, who has been widely criticized for appearing to bend over backwards to suit Trump’s preferences. Cannon was appointed by Trump late in his presidency, and she is now overseeing the criminal case against the former president for allegedly violating the espionage act by taking classified documents to his Mar-a-Lago estate in Palm Beach, FL. Smith’s team said Cannon made a “clear error” in her previous ruling to allow lawyers to reveal the identity of over two-dozen potential witnesses. They said Cannon got the law wrong, and that if she didn’t change her mind, her ruling would create “manifest injustice.”
The threats from Trump fans, of course, are no figment of Smith’s imagination. Many of those involved in Trump’s trials have received a torrent of incendiary and intimidating messages and phone calls, including court officials in New York and Washington D.C., Smith himself, and even Judge Cannon. “There is a well-documented pattern in which judges, agents, prosecutors and witnesses involved in cases involving Trump have been subject to threats, harassment and intimidation,” Smith’s team wrote. Smith revealed Wednesday evening that a separate criminal investigation has already been opened into online threats made against one of the witnesses in the case.
Trump, of course, knows perfectly well that his followers will make the lives of his enemies a living hell through harassing calls and emails. The question now becomes whether Judge Cannon is really going to let that happen in this case, or whether Smith can convince her to change her mind—or, if not, pull an emergency legal move to get her overruled by a higher court.

What Else?

Vice President Kamala Harris called DOJ special counsel Robert Hur’s report into the investigation of President Biden’s handling of classified documents “politically motivated.” The report cleared Biden of criminal wrongdoing but repeatedly took shots at his memory and advanced age. Hur is a Republican who served in Trump’s DOJ.
The primary witness in the investigation against Rep. Matt Gaetz (R-FL) is cooperating with the House Ethics Committee, according to the witness’s lawyer. Investigators want to find out whether Gaetz had sex with a minor while serving in Congress, something we would also very much like to know!
Meta is debating whether the word “Zionist” should be considered antisemitic, and whether posts using the word should be taken down—or whether it should continue to consider the word simply a term that describes an ideology, according to internal communications reviewed by The Washington Post.
Russian President Vladimir Putin told Tucker Carlson—in a particularly deranged interview, even for the two of them—that he wants to negotiate a peace deal with Ukraine and the United States, but wants The Kremlin to be able to write the terms. There's that reasonable, collaborative approach we have all come to know and love about Putin!

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Light At The End Of The Email

The White House announced an $11 billion semiconductor research and development plan on Friday. Still not entirely certain what those are, but sounds good!!
The Beatles appeared on the Ed Sullivan show 60 years ago today. It remains one of the most-watched television events in American history. The next most-watched event will, fingers crossed, be Donald Trump going to prison!
America’s oldest person Edith Ceccarelli of Willits, CA, turned 116 this week. She’s the second-oldest living person in the world. That’s pretty impressive, but can she speak 2nd grade-level French and type 60 words per minute? Take that, Edith!

Enjoy

Zack Bornstein on Twitter: "the first 10 minutes of going to anyone’s place in LA is them trying to calm down their dog while telling you this never happens"

Imagine if there was one desk that all stories could cross so that, at 4am, a media plan could be decided upon and disseminated where all news outlets coordinated to set the goalposts of debate and hyper focused on specific issues to drive a narrative to control how you vote and how you spend money; where Internet shills were given marching orders in tandem to what was shown on television, printed in newspapers and spread throughout articles on the World Wide Web.
https://i.imgur.com/Elnci0M.png
In the past, we had Operation Mockingbird, where the program was supremely confident that it could control stories around the world, even in instructions to cover up any story about a possible “Yeti” sighting, should it turn out they were real.
https://i.imgur.com/121LXqy.png
If, in 1959, the government was confident in its ability to control a story about a Yeti, then what is their level of confidence in controlling stories, today?
https://i.imgur.com/jQFVYew.png
https://i.imgur.com/ZKMYGJj.png
In fact, we have a recent example of a situation similar to the Yeti. When Bill Clinton and Loretta Lynch met on the TARMAC to spike the Hillary email investigation, the FBI was so confident it wasn’t them, that their entire focus was finding the leaker, starting with searching within the local PD. We have documentation that demonstrates the state of mind of the confidence the upper levels of the FBI have when dealing with the media.
https://i.imgur.com/IbjDOkI.png
https://i.imgur.com/NH86ozU.png
The marriage between mainstream media and government is a literal one and this arrangement is perfectly legal.
https://i.imgur.com/OAd4vpf.png
But, this problem extends far beyond politics; the private sector, the scientific community, even advice forums are shilled heavily. People are paid to cause anxiety, recommend people break up and otherwise sow depression and nervousness. This is due to a correlating force that employs “systems psychodynamics”, focusing on “tension centered” strategies to create “organizational paradoxes” by targeting people’s basic assumptions about the world around them to create division and provide distraction.
https://i.imgur.com/6OEWYFN.png
https://i.imgur.com/iG4sdD4.png
https://i.imgur.com/e89Rx6B.png
https://i.imgur.com/uotm9Cg.png
https://i.imgur.com/74wt9tD.png
In this day and age, it is even easier to manage these concepts and push a controlled narrative from a central figure than it has ever been. Allen & Co is a “boutique investment firm” that managed the merger between Disney and Fox and operates as an overseeing force for nearly all media and Internet shill armies, while having it’s fingers in sports, social media, video games, health insurance, etc.
https://i.imgur.com/zlpBh3c.png
https://i.imgur.com/e5ZvFFJ.png
Former director of the CIA and Paul Brennan’s former superior George Tenet, holds the reigns of Allen & Co. The cast of characters involves a lot of the usual suspects.
https://i.imgur.com/3OlrX7G.png

In 1973, Allen & Company bought a stake in Columbia Pictures. When the business was sold in 1982 to Coca-Cola, it netted a significant profit. Since then, Herbert Allen, Jr. has had a place on Coca-Cola's board of directors.
Since its founding in 1982, the Allen & Company Sun Valley Conference has regularly drawn high-profile attendees such as Bill Gates, Warren Buffett, Rupert Murdoch, Barry Diller, Michael Eisner, Oprah Winfrey, Robert Johnson, Andy Grove, Richard Parsons, and Donald Keough.
Allen & Co. was one of ten underwriters for the Google initial public offering in 2004. In 2007, Allen was sole advisor to Activision in its $18 billion merger with Vivendi Games. In 2011, the New York Mets hired Allen & Co. to sell a minority stake of the team. That deal later fell apart. In November 2013, Allen & Co. was one of seven underwriters on the initial public offering of Twitter. Allen & Co. was the adviser of Facebook in its $19 billion acquisition of WhatsApp in February 2014.
In 2015, Allen & Co. was the advisor to Time Warner in its $80 billion 2015 merger with Charter Communications, AOL in its acquisition by Verizon, Centene Corporation in its $6.8 billion acquisition of Health Net, and eBay in its separation from PayPal.
In 2016, Allen & Co was the lead advisor to Time Warner in its $108 billion acquisition by AT&T, LinkedIn for its merger talks with Microsoft, Walmart in its $3.3 billion purchase of Jet.com, and Verizon in its $4.8 billion acquisition of Yahoo!. In 2017, Allen & Co. was the advisor to Chewy.com in PetSmart’s $3.35 billion purchase of the online retailer.

Allen & Co throws the Sun Valley Conference every year where you get a glimpse of who sows up. Harvey Weinstein, though a past visitor, was not invited last year.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_%26_Company_Sun_Valley_Conference

Previous conference guests have included Bill and Melinda Gates, Warren and Susan Buffett, Tony Blair, Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Allen alumnus and former Philippine Senator Mar Roxas, Google Chairman Eric Schmidt, Quicken Loans Founder & Chairman Dan Gilbert, Yahoo! co-founder Jerry Yang, financier George Soros, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg, Media Mogul Rupert Murdoch, eBay CEO Meg Whitman, BET founder Robert Johnson, Time Warner Chairman Richard Parsons, Nike founder and chairman Phil Knight, Dell founder and CEO Michael Dell, NBA player LeBron James, Professor and Entrepreneur Sebastian Thrun, Governor Chris Christie, entertainer Dan Chandler, Katharine Graham of The Washington Post, Diane Sawyer, InterActiveCorp Chairman Barry Diller, Linkedin co-founder Reid Hoffman, entrepreneur Wences Casares, EXOR and FCA Chairman John Elkann, Sandro Salsano from Salsano Group, and Washington Post CEO Donald E. Graham, Ivanka Trump and Jared Kushner, and Oprah Winfrey.

https://i.imgur.com/VZ0OtFa.png
George Tenet, with the reigns of Allen & Co in his hands, is able to single-handedly steer the entire Mockingbird apparatus from cable television to video games to Internet shills from a singular location determining the spectrum of allowable debate. Not only are they able to target people’s conscious psychology, they can target people’s endocrine systems with food and pornography; where people are unaware, on a conscious level, of how their moods and behavior are being manipulated.
https://i.imgur.com/mA3MzTB.png

"The problem with George Tenet is that he doesn't seem to care to get his facts straight. He is not meticulous. He is willing to make up stories that suit his purposes and to suppress information that does not."
"Sadly but fittingly, 'At the Center of the Storm' is likely to remind us that sometimes what lies at the center of a storm is a deafening silence."

https://i.imgur.com/YHMJnnP.png
Tenet joined President-elect Bill Clinton's national security transition team in November 1992. Clinton appointed Tenet Senior Director for Intelligence Programs at the National Security Council, where he served from 1993 to 1995. Tenet was appointed Deputy Director of Central Intelligence in July 1995. Tenet held the position as the DCI from July 1997 to July 2004. Citing "personal reasons," Tenet submitted his resignation to President Bush on June 3, 2004. Tenet said his resignation "was a personal decision and had only one basis—in fact, the well-being of my wonderful family—nothing more and nothing less. In February 2008, he became a managing director at investment bank Allen & Company.
https://i.imgur.com/JnGHqOS.png
We have the documentation that demonstrates what these people could possibly be doing with all of these tools of manipulation at their fingertips.
The term for it is “covert political action” for which all media put before your eyes is used to serve as a veneer… a reality TV show facade of a darker modus operandum.
https://i.imgur.com/vZC4D29.png
https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol36no3/html/v36i3a05p_0001.htm

It is now clear that we are facing an implacable enemy whose avowed objective is world domination by whatever means and at whatever costs. There are no rules in such a game. Hitherto acceptable norms of human conduct do not apply. If the US is to survive, longstanding American concepts of "fair play" must be reconsidered. We must develop effective espionage and counterespionage services and must learn to subvert, sabotage and destroy our enemies by more clever, more sophisticated means than those used against us. It may become necessary that the American people be made acquainted with, understand and support this fundamentally repugnant philosophy.

http://www.nbcnews.com/id/3340677/t/cia-operatives-shadowy-war-force/

Intelligence historian Jeffrey T. Richelson says the S.A. has covered a variety of missions. The group, which recently was reorganized, has had about 200 officers, divided among several groups: the Special Operations Group; the Foreign Training Group, which trains foreign police and intelligence officers; the Propaganda and Political Action Group, which handles disinformation; the Computer Operations Group, which handles information warfare; and the Proprietary Management Staff, which manages whatever companies the CIA sets up as covers for the S.A.

Scientology as a CIA Political Action Group – “It is a continuing arrangement…”: https://mikemcclaughry.wordpress.com/2015/08/25/scientology-as-a-cia-political-action-group-it-is-a-continuing-arrangement/

…Those operations we inaugurated in the years 1955-7 are still secret, but, for present purposes, I can say all that’s worth saying about them in a few sentences – after, that is, I offer these few words of wisdom. The ‘perfect’ political action operation is, by definition, uneventful. Nothing ‘happens’ in it. It is a continuing arrangement, neither a process nor a series of actions proceeding at a starting point and ending with a conclusion.

CIA FBI NSA Personnel Active in Scientology: https://i.imgur.com/acu2Eti.png
When you consider the number of forces that can be contained within a single “political action group” in the form on a “boutique investment firm,” where all sides of political arguments are predetermined by a selected group of actors who have been planted, compromised or leveraged in some way in order to control the way they spin their message.
https://i.imgur.com/tU4MD4S.png
The evidence of this coordinated effort is overwhelming and the “consensus” that you see on TV, in sports, in Hollywood, in the news and on the Internet is fabricated.

Under the guise of a fake account a posting is made which looks legitimate and is towards the truth is made - but the critical point is that it has a VERY WEAK PREMISE without substantive proof to back the posting. Once this is done then under alternative fake accounts a very strong position in your favour is slowly introduced over the life of the posting. It is IMPERATIVE that both sides are initially presented, so the uninformed reader cannot determine which side is the truth. As postings and replies are made the stronger 'evidence' or disinformation in your favour is slowly 'seeded in.'
Thus the uninformed reader will most likely develop the same position as you, and if their position is against you their opposition to your posting will be most likely dropped. However in some cases where the forum members are highly educated and can counter your disinformation with real facts and linked postings, you can then 'abort' the consensus cracking by initiating a 'forum slide.'

When you find yourself feeling like common sense and common courtesy aren’t as common as they ought to be, it is because there is a massive psychological operation controlled from the top down to ensure that as many people as possible are caught in a “tension based” mental loop that is inflicted on them by people acting with purpose to achieve goals that are not in the interest of the general population, but a method of operating in secret and corrupt manner without consequences.
Notice that Jeffrey Katzenberg, of Disney, who is intertwined with Allen & Co funds the Young Turks. He is the perfect example of the relationship between media and politics.

Katzenberg has also been involved in politics. With his active support of Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama, he was called "one of Hollywood's premier political kingmakers and one of the Democratic Party's top national fundraisers."

With cash from Jeffrey Katzenberg, The Young Turks looks to grow paid subscribers:
https://digiday.com/media/with-cash-from-katzenberg-the-young-turks-look-to-grow-paid-subscribers/

Last week, former DreamWorks Animation CEO Jeffrey Katzenberg’s new mobile entertainment company WndrCo was part of a $20 million funding round in TYT Network, which oversees 30 news and commentary shows covering politics, pop culture, sports and more. This includes the flagship “The Young Turks” program that streams live on YouTube every day. Other investors in the round included venture capital firms Greycroft Partners, E.ventures and 3L Capital, which led the round. This brings total funding for Young Turks to $24 million.

How Hollywood's Political Donors Are Changing Strategies for the Trump Era:
https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/hollywood-political-donors-are-changing-strategy-post-trump-1150545

Hollywood activism long has been depicted as a club controlled by a handful of powerful white men: Katzenberg, Spielberg, Lear, David Geffen, Haim Saban and Bob Iger are the names most often mentioned. But a new generation of power brokers is ascendant, including J.J. Abrams and his wife, Katie McGrath, cited for their personal donations and bundling skills; Shonda Rhimes, who held a get-out-the-vote rally at USC's Galen Center on Sept. 28 that drew 10,000 people; CAA's Darnell Strom, who has hosted events for Nevada congresswoman Jacky Rosen and Arizona congresswoman Kyrsten Sinema; and former Spotify executive Troy Carter, who held three fundraisers for Maryland gubernatorial candidate Ben Jealous (Carter also was a fundraiser for President Obama).

Soros Group Buys Viacom's DreamWorks Film Library:
https://www.forbes.com/2006/03/17/soros-viacom-dreamworks-cx_gl_0317autofacescan11.html#541a895f1f22

Viacom, after splitting off from Les Moonves Les Moonves ' CBS , still holds Paramount Pictures, and that movie studio in December agreed to acquire DreamWorks SKG, the creative shop founded by the Hollywood triumvirate of Steven Spielberg, David Geffen and Jeffrey Katzenberg (a former exec at The Walt Disney Co.). DreamWorks Animation had been spun off into a separate company.
Now it's time for Freston to make back some money--and who better to do a little business with than George Soros? The billionaire financier leads a consortium of Soros Strategic Partners LP and Dune Entertainment II LLC, which together are buying the DreamWorks library--a collection of 59 flicks, including Saving Private Ryan, Gladiator, and American Beauty.

The money you spend on media and junk food and in taxes goes to these groups who then decide how best to market at you so that they decide how you vote by creating a fake consensus to trick into thinking that you want something other than what is best for you; but will inevitably result in more money being funneled to the top, creating further separation between the super rich and the average person. The goal will be to assert creeping authoritarianism by generating outrage against policies and issues they hate. Part of manipulating your basic assumptions is also to use schadenfreude (think canned laughter on TV) against characters who support the cause that might actually do you the most good (which reaffirms and strengthens your confirmation biased along predetermined political lines).
https://i.imgur.com/PW1cRtj.png
We have a population being taught to hate socialism and love capitalism when the truth is no country is practicing either. These terms are merely disguises for political oligarchies where the collection of wealth is less about getting themselves rich and more about keeping everyone else poor.
What can you guess about the world around you if it turned out that every consensus that was forced on you was fake?
How much money would it take to make it look like 51% of the Internet believed in completely idiotic ideas? Combine shill operations with automation and AI’s, and the cost becomes a good investment relative to the return when measured in political power.
Even the people who are well intentioned and very vocal do not have to consciously be aware that they are working for a political action group. A covert political group will always prefer an unwitting tool to help push their agenda, so that they can remain in the shadows.
FDA Admonishes Drug Maker Over Kim Kardashian Instagram Endorsement https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidkroll/2015/08/11/fda-spanks-drug-maker-over-kim-kardashian-instagram-endorsement/#25174a29587b
The OSS files offer details about other agents than famous chef, Julia Child; including Supreme Court Justice Arthur Goldberg, major league catcher Moe Berg, historian Arthur Schlesinger Jr., and actor Sterling Hayden. http://www.nbcnews.com/id/26186498/ns/us_news-security/t/julia-child-cooked-double-life-spy/
USA Today: Businesses and organizations may refer to it as a tool for competitive advantage and marketing; but make no mistake http://archive.is/37tK3
Shareblue accounts caught in /politics posting links to Shareblue without disclosing their affiliation http://archive.is/7HAkr
Psy Group developed elaborate information operations for commercial clients and political candidates around the world http://archive.is/BBblQ
Top mod of /Mechanical_Gifs tries to sell subreddit on ebay for 999.00 dollars. http://archive.is/kU1Ly
Shill posts picture of a dog in a hammock with the brand clearly visible without indicating that it's an ad in the title of the post http://archive.is/Mfdk9
Arstechnica: GCHQs menu of tools spreads disinformation across Internet- “Effects capabilities” allow analysts to twist truth subtly or spam relentlessly. http://arstechnica.com/security/2014/07/ghcqs-chinese-menu-of-tools-spread-disinformation-across-internet/
Samsung Electronics Fined for Fake Online Comments http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/10/24/samsung-electronics-fined-for-fake-online-comments/?_r=0
Discover Magazine: Researchers Uncover Twitter Bot Army That’s 350 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/d-brief/2017/01/20/twitter-bot-army/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A%20DiscoverTechnology%20%28Discover%20Technology%29#.WIMl-oiLTnA
Times of Israel - The internet: Israel’s new PR battlefield http://blogs.timesofisrael.com/the-rise-of-digital-diplomacy-could-be-changing-israels-media-image/
Time: Social Media Manipulation? When “Indie” Bloggers and Businesses Get Cozy http://business.time.com/2013/04/22/social-media-manipulation-when-indie-bloggers-and-businesses-get-cozy/
Content-Driven Detection of Campaigns in Social Media [PDF] http://faculty.cs.tamu.edu/caverlee/pubs/lee11cikm.pdf
the law preventing them from using this in America was repealed http://foreignpolicy.com/2013/07/14/u-s-repeals-propaganda-ban-spreads-government-made-news-to-americans/
Redditor who works for a potato mailing company admits to being a shill. He shows off his 27 thousand dollars he made in /pics
http://i.imgur.com/CcTHwdS.png
Screenshot of post since it was removed. http://i.imgur.com/k9g0WF8.png
Just thought I'd contribute to this thread http://imgur.com/OpSos4u
CNN: A PR firm has revealed that it is behind two blogs that previously appeared to be created by independent supporters of Wal-Mart. The blogs Working Families for Wal-mart and subsidiary site Paid Critics are written by 3 employees of PR firm Edelman http://money.cnn.com/2006/10/20/news/companies/walmart_blogs/index.htm
Vice: Your Government Wants to Militarize Social Media to Influence Your Beliefs http://motherboard.vice.com/read/your-government-wants-to-militarize-social-media-to-influence-your-beliefs
BBC News: China's Internet spin doctors http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7783640.stm
BBC News: US plans to 'fight the net' revealed http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4655196.stm
Wall Street Journal: Turkey's Government Forms 6 http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323527004579079151479634742?mg=reno64-wsj&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424127887323527004579079151479634742.html
Fake product reviews may be pervasive http://phys.org/news/2013-07-fake-product-pervasive.html#nRlv
USA Today: The co-owner of a major Pentagon propaganda contractor publicly admitted that he was behind a series of websites used in an attempt to discredit two USA TODAY journalists who had reported on the contractor. http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/military/story/2012-05-24/Leonie-usa-today-propaganda-pentagon/55190450/1
ADWEEK: Marketing on Reddit Is Scary http://www.adweek.com/news/technology/marketing-reddit-scary-these-success-stories-show-big-potential-168278
BBC- How online chatbots are already tricking you- Intelligent machines that can pass for humans have long been dreamed of http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20140609-how-online-bots-are-tricking-you
BBC news: Amazon targets 1 http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-34565631
BBC: More than four times as many tweets were made by automated accounts in favour of Donald Trump around the first US presidential debate as by those backing Hillary Clinton http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-37684418
Fake five-star reviews being bought and sold online - Fake online reviews are being openly traded on the internet
http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-43907695
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-20982985
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-20982985
Bloomberg: How to Hack an Election [and influence voters with fake social media accounts] http://www.bloomberg.com/features/2016-how-to-hack-an-election/
"Internet Reputation Management http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2008-04-30/do-reputation-management-services-work-businessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice
Buzzfeed: Documents Show How Russia’s Troll Army Hit America http://www.buzzfeed.com/maxseddon/documents-show-how-russias-troll-army-hit-america#.ki8Mz97ly
The Rise of Social Bots http://www.cacm.acm.org/magazines/2016/7/204021-the-rise-of-social-bots/fulltext
CBC News- Canadian government monitors online forums http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/bureaucrats-monitor-online-forums-1.906351
Chicago Tribune: Nutrition for sale: How Kellogg worked with 'independent experts' to tout cereal http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-kellogg-independent-experts-cereal-20161121-story.html
DailyKos: HBGary: Automated social media management http://www.dailykos.com/story/2011/02/16/945768/-UPDATED-The-HB-Gary-Email-That-Should-Concern-Us-All
Meme Warfare Center http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tfulltext/u2/a507172.pdf
Shilling on Reddit is openly admitted to in this Forbes article http://www.forbes.com/sites/julesschroede2016/03/10/the-magic-formula-behind-going-viral-on-reddit/#1d2485b05271
Forbes: From Tinder Bots To 'Cuban Twitter' http://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2014/04/17/from-tinder-bots-to-covert-social-networks-welcome-to-cognitive-hacking/#4b78e2d92a7d
Hivemind http://www.hivemind.cc/rank/shills
Huffington Post- Exposing Cyber Shills and Social Media's Underworld http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sam-fiorella/cyber-shills_b_2803801.html
The Independent: Massive British PR firm caught on video: "We've got all sorts of dark arts...The ambition is to drown that negative content and make sure that you have positive content online." They discuss techniques for managing reputations online and creating/maintaining 3rd-party blogs that seem independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/caught-on-camera-top-lobbyists-boasting-how-they-influence-the-pm-6272760.html
New York Times: Lifestyle Lift http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/15/technology/internet/15lift.html?_r=1&emc=eta1
New York Times: Give Yourself 5 Stars? Online http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/23/technology/give-yourself-4-stars-online-it-might-cost-you.html?src=me&ref=general
NY Times- From a nondescript office building in St. Petersburg http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/magazine/the-agency.html?_r=1
NY Times: Effort to Expose Russia’s ‘Troll Army’ Draws Vicious Retaliation http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/31/world/europe/russia-finland-nato-trolls.html?_r=1
PBS Frontline Documentary - Generation Like http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/generation-like/
Gamers promote gaming-gambling site on youtube by pretending to hit jackpot without disclosing that they own the site. They tried to retroactively write a disclosure covering their tracks http://www.pcgamer.com/csgo-lotto-investigation-uncovers-colossal-conflict-of-interest/
Raw Story: CENTCOM engages bloggers http://www.rawstory.com/news/2006/Raw_obtains_CENTCOM_email_to_bloggers_1016.html
Raw Story: Air Force ordered software to manage army of fake virtual people http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2011/02/18/revealed-air-force-ordered-software-to-manage-army-of-fake-virtual-people/
Redective http://www.redective.com/?r=e&a=search&s=subreddit&t=redective&q=shills
Salon: Why Reddit moderators are censoring Glenn Greenwald’s latest news story on shills http://www.salon.com/2014/02/28/why_reddit_moderators_are_censoring_glenn_greenwalds_latest_bombshell_partne
The Atlantic: Kim Kardashian was paid to post a selfie on Instagram and Twitter advertising a pharmaceutical product. Sent to 42 million followers on Instagram and 32 million on Twitter http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2015/09/fda-drug-promotion-social-media/404563/
WAR.COM: THE INTERNET AND PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/ADA389269.pdf
The Guardian: Internet Astroturfing http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/libertycentral/2010/dec/13/astroturf-libertarians-internet-democracy
The Guardian: Israel ups the stakes in the propaganda war http://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/nov/20/mondaymediasection.israel
Operation Earnest Voice http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/ma17/us-spy-operation-social-networks
The Guardian: British army creates team of Facebook warriors http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jan/31/british-army-facebook-warriors-77th-brigade
The Guardian: US military studied how to influence Twitter [and Reddit] users in Darpa-funded research [2014] http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/08/darpa-social-networks-research-twitter-influence-studies
The Guardian: Chinese officials flood the Chinese internet with positive social media posts to distract their population http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/20/chinese-officials-create-488m-social-media-posts-a-year-study-finds
Times of Israel: Israeli government paying bilingual students to spread propaganda online primarily to international communities without having to identify themselves as working for the government. "The [student] union will operate computer rooms for the project...it was decided to establish a permanent structure of activity on the Internet through the students at academic institutions in the country." http://www.timesofisrael.com/pmo-stealthily-recruiting-students-for-online-advocacy/
USA Today: Lord & Taylor settles FTC charges over paid Instagram posts http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2016/03/15/lord--taylor-settles-ftc-charges-over-paid-instagram-posts/81801972/
Researcher's algorithm weeds out people using multiple online accounts to spread propaganda - Based on word choice http://www.utsa.edu/today/2016/10/astroturfing.html
http://www.webinknow.com/2008/12/the-us-air-force-armed-with-social-media.html
Wired: Powered by rapid advances in artificial intelligence http://www.wired.co.uk/magazine/archive/2015/06/wired-world-2015/robot-propaganda
Wired: Clinton Staff and Volunteers Busted for Astroturfing [in 2007] http://www.wired.com/2007/12/clinton-staff-a/
Wired: Pro-Government Twitter Bots Try to Hush Mexican Activists http://www.wired.com/2015/08/pro-government-twitter-bots-try-hush-mexican-activists/
Wired: Microsoft http://www.wired.com/2015/09/ftc-machinima-microsoft-youtube/
Wired: Military Report: Secretly ‘Recruit or Hire Bloggers’ http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2008/03/report-recruit/
Wired: Air Force Releases ‘Counter-Blog’ Marching Orders http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2009/01/usaf-blog-respo/
Reddit Secrets https://archive.fo/NAwBx
Reddit Secrets https://archive.fo/SCWN7
Boostupvotes.com https://archive.fo/WdbYQ
"Once we isolate key people https://archive.is/PoUMo
GCHQ has their own internet shilling program https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Threat_Research_Intelligence_Group
Russia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State-sponsored_Internet_sockpuppetry
US also operates in conjunction with the UK to collect and share intelligence data https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UKUSA_Agreement
Glenn Greenwald: How Covert Agents Infiltrate the Internet to Manipulate https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2014/02/24/jtrig-manipulation/
Glenn Greenwald: Hacking Online Polls and Other Ways British Spies Seek to Control the Internet https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2014/07/14/manipulating-online-polls-ways-british-spies-seek-control-internet/
Here is a direct link to your image for the benefit of mobile users https://imgur.com/OpSos4u.jpg
Reddit for iPhone https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/reddit-the-official-app/id1064216828?mt=8
Why Satoshi Nakamoto Has Gone https://medium.com/@ducktatosatoshi-nakamoto-has-gone-4cef923d7acd
What I learned selling my Reddit accounts https://medium.com/@Rob79/what-i-learned-selling-my-reddit-accounts-c5e9f6348005#.u5zt0mti3
Artificial intelligence chatbots will overwhelm human speech online; the rise of MADCOMs https://medium.com/artificial-intelligence-policy-laws-and-ethics/artificial-intelligence-chatbots-will-overwhelm-human-speech-online-the-rise-of-madcoms-e007818f31a1
How Reddit Got Huge: Tons of Fake Accounts - According to Reddit cofounder Steve Huffman https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/how-reddit-got-huge-tons-of-fake-accounts--2
Whistleblower and subsequent investigation: Paid trolls on /Bitcoin https://np.reddit.com/Bitcoin/comments/34m7yn/professional_bitcoin_trolls_exist/cqwjdlw
Confession of Hillary Shill from /SandersForPresident https://np.reddit.com/conspiracy/comments/3rncq9/confession_of_hillary_shill_from/
Why do I exist? https://np.reddit.com/DirectImageLinkerBot/wiki/index
Already a direct link? https://np.reddit.com/DirectImageLinkerBot/wiki/res_links
Here's the thread. https://np.reddit.com/HailCorporate/comments/3gl8zi/that_potato_mailing_company_is_at_it_again/
/netsec talks about gaming reddit via sockpuppets and how online discourse is (easily) manipulated. https://np.reddit.com/netsec/comments/38wl43/we_used_sock_puppets_in_rnetsec_last_year_and_are
Redditor comes clean about being paid to chat on Reddit. They work to promote a politician https://np.reddit.com/offmychest/comments/3gk56y/i_get_paid_to_chat_on_reddit/
Shill whistleblower https://np.reddit.com/politics/comments/rtr6b/a_very_interesting_insight_into_how_certain/
Russian bots were active on Reddit last year https://np.reddit.com/RussiaLago/comments/76cq4d/exclusive_we_can_now_definitively_state_that/?st=j8s7535j&sh=36805d5d
The Bush and Gore campaigns of 2000 used methods similar to the Chinese government for conducting “guided discussions” in chatrooms designed to influence citizens https://np.reddit.com/shills/comments/3xhoq8/til_the_advent_of_social_media_offers_new_routes/?st=j0o5xr9c&sh=3662f0dc
source paper. https://np.reddit.com/shills/comments/4d3l3s/government_agents_and_their_allies_might_ente
or Click Here. https://np.reddit.com/shills/comments/4kdq7n/astroturfing_information_megathread_revision_8/?st=iwlbcoon&sh=9e44591e Alleged paid shill leaks details of organization and actions.
https://np.reddit.com/shills/comments/4wl19alleged_paid_shill_leaks_details_of_organization/?st=irktcssh&sh=8713f4be
Shill Confessions and Additional Information https://np.reddit.com/shills/comments/5pzcnx/shill_confessions_and_additional_information/?st=izz0ga8r&sh=43621acd
Corporate and governmental manipulation of Wikipedia articles https://np.reddit.com/shills/comments/5sb7pi/new_york_times_corporate_editing_of_wikipedia/?st=iyteny9b&sh=b488263f
Ex -MMA fighter and ex-police officer exposes corrupt police practices https://np.reddit.com/shills/comments/6jn27s/ex_mma_fighter_and_expolice_officer_exposes/
User pushes InfoWars links on Reddit https://np.reddit.com/shills/comments/6uau99/chemicals_in_reddit_are_turning_memes_gay_take/?st=j6r0g2om&sh=96f3dbf4
Some websites use shill accounts to spam their competitor's articles https://np.reddit.com/TheoryOfReddit/comments/1ja4nf/lets_talk_about_those_playing_reddit_with/?st=iunay35w&sh=d841095d
User posts video using GoPro https://np.reddit.com/videos/comments/2ejpbb/yes_it_is_true_i_boiled_my_gopro_to_get_you_this/ck0btnb/?context=3&st=j0qt0xnf&sh=ef13ba81
Fracking shill whistleblower spills the beans on Fracking Internet PR https://np.reddit.com/worldnews/comments/31wo57/the_chevron_tapes_video_shows_oil_giant_allegedly/cq5uhse?context=3
https://i.imgur.com/Q3gjFg9.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/q2uFIV0.jpg
TOP SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING NOFORN
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Directorate of Operations
October 16, 1964
MEMORANDUM FOR THE DIRECTOR OF THE CIA
Subject: After action report of
Operation CUCKOO (TS)
INTRODUCTION
​
1) Operation CUCKOO was part of the overall operation CLEANSWEEP, aimed at eliminating domestic opposition to activities undertaken by the Central Intelligence Agency's special activities division, in main regard to operation GUILLOTINE.
​
2) Operation CUCKOO was approved by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Department of Defense and the office of The President of the United States as a covert domestic action to be under taken within the limits of Washington D.C as outlined by Secret Executive Order 37.
​
3) Following the publishing of the Warren Commission, former special agent Mary Pinchot Meyer (Operation MOCKINGBIRD, Operation SIREN) also was married to Cord Meyer (Operation MOCKINGBIRD, Operation GUILLOTINE) threatened to disclose the details of several Special Activities Divisions' operations, including but not limited to, Operation SIREN and GUILLOTENE.
​1
TOP SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING NOFORN
4) It was deemed necessary by senior Directorate of Operations members to initiate Operation CUCKOO as an extension of Operation CLEANSWEEP on November 30th. After Mary Pinchot Meyer threatened to report her knowledge of Operation GUILLOTENE and the details of her work in Operation SIREN from her affair with the former President.
​
5) Special Activities Division was given the green light after briefing president Johnson on the situation. The situation report was forwarded to the Department of Defense and the Joint Chiefs of staff, who both approved of the parameters of the operation, as outlined under article C of secret executive order 37 (see attached copy of article).
​PLANNING STAGES
6) 8 members of the special activities division handpicked by operation lead William King Harvey began planning for the operation on October 3rd, with planned execution before October 16th.
​
7) The (?) of the operation was set as the neighborhood of Georgetown along the Potomac river, where the operators would observe, take note on routines, and eventually carry the operation.
​
8) After nothing Meyer's routines, Edward "Eddy" Reid was picked as the operation point man who would intersect Meyer on her walk on October 12th, with lead William King Harvey providing long range support if necessary from across the Chesapeake and Ohio canal (see illustration A for detailed map).
​
9) Edward Reid was planned to be dressed in the manner of a homeless black man, due to his resemblances to local trash collector (later found out to be Raymond Crump) who inhabits the AO and the path that Reid was planned to intersect Meyer.
2
TOP SECRET SPECIAL HANDLING NOFORN

Dave got a small Christmas present early this year. The employment case against him from a video/creative employee has been dismissed by the judge. I don't think ex-employees are surprised by this, the case felt weak from the start. There is a 33 page document [136] outlining the reasons why each claim should be dismissed.
Amos v. Lampo Group, LLC, The (3:21-cv-00923)
Document 137:

For the reasons stated in the accompanying Memorandum Opinion [Document 136], the Motion (Doc. No. 30) is GRANTED, and all counts against Lampo are hereby dismissed. The Clerk is directed to enter judgment pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 58 and close the file.

What is more interesting, however, is that Dave's unredacted deposition for this case is attached to one of the documents.
Document 133, attachment 2, https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.tnmd.88710/gov.uscourts.tnmd.88710.133.2.pdf. Page 3 " "Visible Redactions to David Ramsey Deposition.pdf ".
I'm not sure if this was an error or not, but this was in a filing by Dave's own attorney. The link may or may not still be active - it was shared by some ex employees a little while ago.
A lot of the questions to Dave were not directly about Amos, but rather things that many of us have talked about here or have been brought up in the news. Regardless of the outcome, I find some of what Dave had to say fascinating, and maybe other lurking current or ex employees would as well.
Here are the things that stood out to me, the two longest ones first for the TLDR folks:
Q is the plaintiff's attorney, A is Dave.

Handbook “Image”

Page 158: “Q: Is Lampo a Christian company? A: No. There’s no such thing. Our — no.”
Page 159: “This is part of the employment handbook given to employees, which says ‘The image of Ramsey Solutions is held out to be Christian. Should a team member engage in a behavior not consistent with traditional Judeo-Christian values or teaching, it would damage the image and the value of our goodwill and our brand. If this should occur, the team member would be subject to review, probation, or termination.”
“A: I’m not sure how you define a Christian company, but this is a brand issue. The vast majority of our constituency, our customers are people of faith, and they know I am, and they would lose trust in me if people that worked for me were not adhering to those values. So this is a brand image issue, not a Christian company issue. That’s why it says ‘the image of Ramsey Solutions.”
Page 160: “Okay. And do you feel that the same should go for management at Ramsey as well? A: Everyone’s held to that. Q: Okay. Is there a particular Christian value that mentions firing someone for Facebook posts? A: I don’t think that firing has anything to do with this policy”

And there we have it. It's all a show. It's not about truth or faith or any of that - its about making the company look good to the christians buying its stuff.
amyFritz
Page 178: “Do you know a Ms. Amy Fritz? A: No.” [His memory appears to be refreshed in the following pages. I am quoting this one verbatim, pauses and all.]

Page 182: [Dave] “I heard from [HR] that he [Amy’s husband] quit because he disagreed with some of our decisions — on the handling of a team member — he had different infor— he had less information than we had on a team member situation [Hogan], and his belief was we were being inconsistent. If I recall, that’s what he told Armando, but I haven’t talked to him about it. I will comment and say if I did say that — I was wrong. It wasn’t — he actually — if he did quit for the reasons I remember, he did have a backbone, because he quit based on principle. He just believed — he — he believed lies. He belie — he had — he had incorrect information, incomplete information. I had incomplete information, but I had more information than he had, and it turns out — as the story has rolled on, he actually ended up being right about that, but what he was right about was quitting based on he thought we were hypocrites, and if you think somebody’s a hypocrite, you shouldn’t work for them, and that’s — that is backbone, so I shouldn’t have said that if I did. … because you have a backbone if you quit for principle. Even if your principle is based on wrong information, you quit for principle. That’s backbone for me. I — I’d have to — I would owe Nathan an apology if I did that, and I may owe him one, yeah”

So amyFritz, did Dave ever apologize? I probably know the answer to that one.
​
Lots of little observations:

• Page 14 - Dave admitted going to MTSU for a couple years before going to UT. I never know that. You think he would spin that as part of his narrative about going to a local school for 2 years to save money (though MTSU is not really a "community college", at least not these days)
• Page 20 - The company is owned by "Ramsey Children's Trust and me". He cannot recall if Sharon has any ownership
• Page 28 - "Most every product line we do in a nonindustry-standard way"
• Page 30 - " Do you feel like God blesses Lampo over other companies? A: No"
• Page 34: “What about Gazelle Online Banking? A: It’s closed. Q: What was that? A: It was a debit card. Q: What happened to that? A: It didn’t work. Q: Why not? A: I wish I knew. Q: It just didn’t make any money? A: Quote the contrary [nothing more]” [so, it made a bunch of money, but they had to close it down, and he the all-knowing CEO, doesn't know why it failed?]
• Page 42: Current Lampo employees, this one is for you. “We do a devotional that’s voluntary, and generally everyone comes on Wednesday”. [This has come up in other depositions, but now we hear it from Dave himself. I knew people who did not enjoying going to those but felt like they had to]
• Page 82: “So not violating people’s freedoms, that’s important at Ramsey? A: Should be important to everyone. Q: Thats not what I’m asking. I’m asking is it important at Ramsey? A: We are not the parents of these folks. We are their employer.” (there were several lines of questions about people being fired because of their spouses social media activity)
  • Page 148: “You believe in your employees’ freedoms, but you don’t believe in their freedoms to express themselves on social media? A: They’re adults, and they get to choose what they want to do. Sometimes your choices have consequences, and disparaging your husband’s company that your children eat partially because of the money that he makes there is not something I’m ok with.”
• Page 90 - someone screamed at Dave at a grocery store for not wearing a mask in Nov 2020
• Page 94 - talking about the cruise. Dave emphatically said multiple times here “We cancelled the cruise. … It was our decision at the time to cancel it.”
• Page 100. “You also said medical people don’t do math well. What does that mean? A… their statistical analysis was faulty, and it proved out that it was faulty”
• The Bob Smietana Articlestill takes up a lot of space in Dave's mind
  • “Mr. Lopez [HR director] told staff there was about 50 cases of COVID at Lampo in mid-November.” - Do you know if that’s correct or not? A: No, I don’t. “Do you have any reason to think that Mr. Lopez would be untruthful when he said that? A: I’m not sure that anything Bob Smietana writes is truthful. You can tell he’s lying if his mouth’s moving, so I don’t know what’s true there.”
  • Page 111: “A: I don’t know if Armando said that, because Bob is saying Armando said that, and, again, I can’t trust Bob”
  • Page 118 : “Q: Is there anything in here you know is a lie? A: I haven’t read this article. I’ve read enough of his trash to know that he’s not credible … it’s been established that Bob has a vendetta on us and just writes negative things because we’re really good click bait, and he just makes crap up.” [Dave, if that is true, you could sue him for libel]
• The gun staff meeting
  • Page 119 : “Did you get [a gun] out at a meeting one time? A: An unloaded firearm many, many years ago, yeah. It was one of the biggest mistakes I ever made in my life. … I was using it as an object lesson, and I shouldn’t have. It was a huge mistake. “
  • Page 121 : “That was like 2006 for the record” [unless he did this twice, it was 2011, I was there for it and I did not work at Lampo in 2006]
• OSHA Report during COVID
  • Page 137: “You called them [the person who reported the company to OSHA] a moron? A: Yeah. Q: An idiot? A: Yeah.”
  • Page 138: “This is just someone who thought that they could complain and thought they had more power than they had.”
  • Page 141 : “It says killing — it says if leadership is not competent — A: If you think leadership is incompetent and this is a toxic environment and a horrible place to work, to stay is illogical. Q: Is it against God’s will? A: I said that God — my — my reference there to God there is a manner of speaking”
• The Tennessean Article with Employment Numbers
  • Dave seemed really pissed at this article. He gave very lengthy responses how the journalist must have made it all up.
  • Page 153: “They reflect his opinion. He doesn’t have our data. … He made that up … It’s impossible for him to do an analysis of it. Our data’s not public. Our data’s not public. He made it up. I’m saying he completely falsified that report. He made it up.” [Dave, you could sue for libel if you believed that]
  • Page 155: “We compare our separation rate to other companies of our size. The last data I saw on it, companies our size in the great resignation following COVID, the great turnover that we’ve had, are having a 29 percent turnover, and ours is at 21. We’re — we’re losing less people than the typical company our size nationwide. That’s the last data I had that’s actual data, not made up.
  • Page 156: Dave seems to be getting impatient with the attorney. He says “made this up” multiple times.
• OConnor & Hogan:
  • Page 167: “Under this company conduct policy, is sex before marriage allowed? A: If we discover that someone is having sex outside of marriage, we ask them to leave. Q: Okay. But oral sex does not violate this company policy? [objections from Dave’s attorney] A: It has nothing to do with this case
• LGBTQ and Abortion
  • Page 167: “What about gay marriage? If someone is gay and married, is that a reason to terminate from Ramsey Solutions? [objections…] A: We have never terminated someone for that. Q: What if you found out? We don’t fire people for — we don’t violate the law.” ... [and it looks like Dave starts to get mad]
  • Page 169: “What about an employee who got an abortion? A: I’m not going to answer questions that are not relative to the Brad Amos case. Q: Well, they do —- A: I’m done with you setting up stuff for the Tennessean, James. I’m done. (Daves Attorney) Jon [Amos’ attorney is Jon, not James]. Dave; Whatever his — whatever your name is.” They go back and forth for a bit
  • Page 171 : “I am confused. You said that, you know, you don’t require people to social distance because it is their body and their choice, but you won’t tell me if someone would get fired if they had an abortion? … [followed by more arguing about abortion being a religious choice, different brands of Christianity]
• Emotional Firing
  • Page 188: "It's a phrase we've used where we tell someone that they're on the edge of leaving and they need to know -- we -- we want everyone to have a chance to turn their behaviors or their lack of competency around and -- rather than just surprise them, and so -- we don't want anybody to get surprised, so we sit down and say, 'This is what's going on, and if this doesn't change, the next conversation we're going to be' -- ' is going to be you leaving the building,' and so it came from the -- the -- the idea that we don't want to surprise anybody. We want to give everybody a chance to -- if at all possible, to turn their behaviors around.
• Lawsuit moneygrabs
  • This came up in a post in the last couple of weeks, but on page 245-247ish Dave goes on about lawsuits being money grabs. He insults the plaintiffs attorney on page 246 "Folks like you have no integrity. If there's an actual case, it's not a money grab. ... Because you should look at it [the case] and realize why the guy was fired. It's fairly simple. It had nothing to do with his religious beliefs, had nothing to do with COVID." [again, Dave, you sued Marriott because they were enforcing local health ordinances and you threw a tantrum. How was that not a money grab?]

One final note here at the very end. The other cases (TSET Class Action, O'Connor pregnant woman fired) are still ongoing. There should be a TSET update this month. O'Connor has been waiting over a year for the judge to rule on some things.

This topic provides one of the biggest clues as to what may have really happened to Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, and why they were given a free pass on a felony charge (van break-in) despite the judge being aware that they had committed a previous felony (exploding bombs), which should have sent them to jail, according to the law. Being placed into the Diversion program after breaking into the van wasn't legally an option for them, but that was the outcome. Were they just that lucky? No, not by a long shot.
Let's look at these 1997 and 1998 documents up close.

The official story

The official story is that Aaron Brown reported Eric Harris' website to the police in 1997 and then the Brown family reported him again in 1998. When these documents are scrutinized, this story falls apart to reveal that the Brown family only reported Eric's website once to police in 1998. The 1997 report was filed by someone else. And we don't know who.
The police basically inserted the information from the Brown family's 1998 report into the 1997 report and passed it off as if they reported Eric twice. Why? What was contained in the real 1997 directed report that they were trying to hide?

What is a Directed Report?

A directed report is not an official police report, but rather, a note or memorandum used to relay confidential information or intel to someone. In this case, the 1997 directed report would have been a memo written by Deputy Mike Burgess (the officer who took the complaint from the "concerned citizen") to Investigator John Hicks, as Burgess had passed the responsibility for this complaint to Hicks.

7 BIG Problems with the 1997 Directed Report

1) The attached web page printouts were made in 1998 by the Browns, not in 1997.
The supporting documents (web page printouts) we are told were attached to the 1997 directed report actually came from the Browns' 1998 report. The real 1997 supporting documents have never been released to the public. The police simply attached a copy of the same 1998 web page printouts to the 1997 report and passed it off as the 1997 report. We have no idea who reported Eric in 1997.

Both [Randy and Judy Brown] identified the web pages as familiar and consistent with what they had printed and gave Deputy Miller on March 18, 1998.

Source: Attorney General's Report, page 24
2) Both Aaron Brown and Brooks Brown denied reporting Eric in 1997 and say they never even saw his website until 1998.

I asked each of them if they contacted Dep. Burgess at the mall on 8/7/97. Neither of them remembered doing it and had no recollection of accessing Harris’s website prior to March of 1998.
Brooks said that he frequented the mall but that he was a “skater” and was frequently kicked off the property by security guards for skating and smoking. He thought it unlikely that he would have voluntarily entered the police substation.
Aaron remembered Dep. Burgess from the telemarketer report, but still did not think that he contacted Dep. Burgess at the mall.

Source: Attorney General's Report, page 21
3) Both Randy and Judy Brown denied reporting Eric in 1997

The 1997 Directed Report written by Jefferson County Deputy M. Burgess was shown to both Randy and Judy. Both denied ever seeing the document prior to Jefferson County Sheriff Ted Mink released it week’s prior. Both denied knowing who the “Concerned Citizen” mentioned in the report might be.

Source: Attorney General's Report, page 22
4) Randy and Judy Brown said the printouts of Eric's web page attached to the 1997 document came from their printer - but they printed them in 1998

When we showed them the Web Pages attached by a paperclip to the 1997 Directed Report they both felt that the Web Pages came from there [sic] printer and believed that they were the web pages given to Jefferson County Deputy M. Miller on March 18, 1998.

Source: Attorney General's Report, page 22
5) Aaron and Brooks wrote Eric's website address on the scrap of paper - not Dylan. And it was written in 1998. And the officer they claim took the report has no recollection of doing so.
The scrap of paper was attached to the 1997 Directed Report, and the story is that some random person gave it to Deputy Burgess at the mall. Burgess remembers his other contacts with the Browns, but when interviewed, had no recollection of creating a Directed Report or even receiving that scrap of paper from someone while he was on duty.
According to the Attorney General's report, handwriting experts concluded the handwriting belonged to Aaron Brown and Brooks Brown.
Furthermore, the Browns remember Brooks coming to them with the scrap of paper in 1998.

The Browns told us that on March 17, 1998 Brooks Brown came home from school (Columbine) with the “torn scrap paper” saying that someone at school told him that he needed to get onto the web site because their [sic] was something that he had to see. Brooks told Judy that he could not tell her who told him about the information on the web site because that person was afraid of Eric Harris. Judy told us that it wasn’t until after Columbine that Brooks told her that Dylan was the one who told him about the web site.

Source: Attorney General's Report, page 22

Evidence collected supports the conclusion that the identity of the “concerned citizen” is likely Aaron Brown, the son of Randy and Judy Brown. Most significantly, dispatch records reveal that on August 7, 1997 shortly after noon, Deputy Huner is dispatched directly to the Brown residence. Handwriting exemplars reviewed by an expert conclude that Aaron Brown is the author of a part of the Harris website address on the scrap of paper found with the directed report. Aaron Brown recognized this as his handwriting. While a portion of the scrap also is confirmed as handwriting from Brooks Brown, Brooks indicated that he frequently visited the mall to skate but that it was unlikely that he would have initiated a contact with law enforcement. Neither Brooks nor Aaron Brown specifically recall contacting Deputy Burgess at the mall.

Source: Attorney General's Report, page 12
The "identity" of the "concerned citizen" who reported Eric in 1997 was determined to be Aaron Brown solely based on the fact that the scrap of paper with Eric's website address was professionally analyzed and matched Aaron's handwriting. The problem with this is that the scrap of paper was given to police in 1998, not 1997. Aaron did write the address on the piece of paper, but it is a lie that it was part of the 1997 Directed Report. Nobody gave that scrap of paper to an officer at the mall. It was simply recycled from a meeting the Browns had with police in 1998 and used to establish the fake story that someone reported Eric to Burgess at the mall.
Even Randy and Judy Brown said the scrap of paper was their sons' handwriting, not Dylan's. And since they only reported Eric in 1998, they said the paper was given to Deputy Miller in 1998.

The “torn scrap paper” also attached to the 1997 Directed Report with a paperclip was shown to both of them. Randy and Judy both identified the writing on the “scrap” as being the writing of their sons, Brooks and Aaron Brown. Brooks Brown wrote the top portion and Aaron wrote the bottom portion. Again it was there believe [sic] that the “scrap” was turned in to Deputy M. Miller on March 18, 1998.

Source: Attorney General's Report, page 22

When shown the “torn scrap paper,” Brooks identified the top portion as his handwriting and Aaron identified the lower portion as his handwriting.
Brooks stated that he got the information from Dylan Klebold while at school. Brooks could not remember exactly what was said but just recalled that he and Dylan were at the school when it happened.

Source: Attorney General's Report, page 24
Deputy Miller denied that he got the scrap of paper with the handwritten website address on it in 1998 when he visited the Browns at their residence.

When shown the “scrap” from the 1997 Directed Report, he did not recognize it and was sure he had not received it with 98-5504.

Source: Attorney General's Report, page 37
Miller also claimed to have not had any contact with Eric Harris, but we have Eric's handwriting in his father's journal stating that he spoke with Deputy Miller about getting his belongings back after the van break-in. His word cannot be trusted.
The scrap of paper was never given to an officer at the mall - it was given to Deputy Miller at the Brown residence in 1998.
6) Hicks, the investigator allegedly given the scrap of paper and the Directed Report, had no memory of any of it

Hicks had no memory of whether he ever received the 1997 report and did not recognize the “scrap” that was written by Brooks and Aaron Brown

Source: Attorney General's Report, page 34
7.) There are references in the "1997 web page printouts" that didn't happen until later in time
The alleged 1997 web page printouts mention two things that didn't happen until after the report was filed. First, the web page content mentions the "snowball incident," where Eric threw an ice chunk at Brooks' car windshield because he was tired of Brooks always being late to pick him up for school. This didn't happen until March 17, 1998. The Browns provided a receipt for the windshield repair from March 25, 1998. Second, the web pages mention The Lost World - a movie that didn't come out until November 1997. The web pages were allegedly provided to police on August 7, 1997... three months before the movie was available to view.

The Attorney General's Office helped cover up the origin of the 1997 report

It became obvious that there was something wrong with the story of the 1997 directed report, so the Attorney General launched an investigation. This was just for show.
The Attorney General's official investigation into the 1997 directed report (fraudulently) concluded that "the directed report was not mingled with 1998 web pages information." However, this is clearly and easily proven false. The web page printouts couldn't have been part of the 1997 report because they mention things that hadn't happened until 1998.
With this knowledge, it's clear the Attorney General's office helped to cover up the real origin and contents of that 1997 directed report. What is in the real 1997 memo?

What do we know for sure about the 1997 Directed Report?

A "concerned citizen" reported Eric Harris' website in 1997. This is the extent of what we know for sure.

The official story is that Aaron Brown reported Eric in 1997

The official story (supported by conclusions from the Attorney General's investigation) is that Aaron Brown was at Southwest Plaza mall on August 7, 1997 when he approached a police officer (Mike Burgess) and gave him the scrap of paper Dylan Klebold had given Brooks containing Eric's website address. Records show police dispatched Deputy Dennis Huner to the Brown's residence immediately. He was there within an hour.
Burgess handed the situation over to Detective John Hicks since he was in charge of computer crimes. And this is apparently where it fell flat until 2003 - four years after the Columbine incident when it was magically discovered.
The 1997 "directed report" concerning Eric Harris, Dylan Klebold, and Zach Heckler was allegedly discovered by accident in a binder on October 23, 2003 by Detective John Healy (cafeteria team), who had taken over the position of Detective John Hicks and was cleaning out his binders.
However, this story doesn't fit with the facts.

Background on the March 18, 1998 report - Case #5504

This report was compiled by Investigator Mike Guerra of the Jefferson County Sheriff's Office.
According to the Attorney General's Report, Deputy Mark Miller was dispatched to the Brown residence on March 18, 1998. He was given ten pages of Eric's website printouts.
On March 26, 1998, this case was closed before it was ever assigned to an investigator.
According to the Attorney General's Report, on March 31, 1998 Investigator Mike Guerra, Glen Grove, and John Hicks met with Randy and Judy Brown at the Jefferson County Sheriff's Office. At this time, nobody from the Brown family knows their case has already been closed by the clerk. However, they are now investigating case #3365 - the February 15, 1998 report of an unexploded plastic pipe bomb found that matched the description of the bombs Eric claimed to have been making on his website.
Guerra begins to write a draft for a search warrant (on the wrong form, nonetheless). Grove said Keikbusch refused to approve the search warrant because there were no eyewitnesses to Eric having possessed a pipe bomb. Without any additional evidence, the investigation is terminated.

Some oddities and inconsistencies

Mike Guerra's Daily Active Field Reports (DAFRs) from late April-December 1998 are 'missing' and nobody has been able to retrieve them.
On paper, Randy Brown says he reported Eric's website threats to Deputy Mark Miller directly, but in interviews Judy Brown said they reported Eric's website to one of Randy's relatives working in the District Attorney's office.
Miller claims the Browns never gave him the scrap of paper.
Detective John Hicks claimed he had no recollection of receiving the 1997 Directed Report from Burgess.
Guerra was pulled off the case and nobody knows why.
Tim Walsh doesn't even remember responding to the snowball incident.
There's a lot of convenient memory loss here.
Key points:

• The entire Brown family denied ever reporting Eric in 1997. Someone else reported them.
• What made the Brown family start saying they reported Eric in 1997 is the fact that the police came to their house and showed them a paper trail that convinced them they had reported Eric. But, they still didn't believe it, and chalked it up to their bad memory. They got gaslit by the police and went with it, still saying they don't remember doing it.
• The scrap of paper with Eric's website address written on it that Dylan Klebold is said to have given to Brooks Brown to warn him about Eric's website in 1997 was analyzed and found to have been written by both Brooks and Aaron Brown. They both claimed it was written by Dylan, but later acknowledged it was their handwriting. Randy Brown confirmed this and so did an expert handwriting analist.
• Aaron Brown denied reporting Eric to a cop at the mall. However, the police maintain that he gave that scrap of paper to a police officer at Southwest Plaza Mall in 1997. The officer has no memory of this happening.

There really shouldn't be this many discrepancies.
Something is really wrong with this 1997 document.
It's pretty amazing that nobody remembers receiving, taking, or making the 1997 report.
The person who really reported Eric in 1997 is still unknown.
This begs the question: what happened in 1997 after that report?
After Eric, Dylan, and Zach were all reported for pipe bomb making, suddenly people in the police department start dropping leads on Eric right and left.
Zach's parents knew about the pipe bombs, too, and he was told to stop hanging out with Eric. Why? Were Eric, Dylan, and Zach actually spoken to about the bombs? How else would Zach's mom know about the bombs in order to tell him to stay away from Eric specifically because Eric was into making bombs?
Randy Brown swears Dylan's parents knew about the pipe bombs.
Is that because all three of them really did get caught and talked to? Were they offered some kind of deal in 1997?
And then when Randy and his family reported Eric in 1998, they had to drop the case because they were now protecting these guys as part of the 1997 deal?
Did Eric's dad find that pipe bomb after police talked to him about Eric's website bragging about how he was making pipe bombs?
I think I know what happened, and I have a theory I will post about later.

Dear friends and those who I came to call family during my time as Ward 6 Councillor,
On the eve of election day, I write to inform you that Mayor Jeanette McCarthy never intended to support our only remaining farm, just as she never intended to build a new police station. Some of you might remember the farce of a process she put on by appointing me to a committee tasked to find a new police station location, only to appoint a new committee because she didn't like our committee's findings. I digress...
Many of you might remember the town-hall I held about our farm as you sent me congratulatory messages on the success of that meeting. But what many of you don't know was the fight to even have a town hall. I got a threatening email from the Mayor (a gag order) to try and stop me from holding the town hall meeting. I knew I wasn't doing anything wrong but just to be sure I called her friend, the Attorney General's office, to go over the open meeting laws and to ensure that I wasn't violating them. When I got a green light from the AG's office, the rest became history. Please see below an excerpt from my open letter that was taken down by WCAC because they don't want you to know the truth and are not your friends when it comes to accurate and ethically reported Waltham News.
"The town-hall meeting reinforced a clear and strategic call to action for the city, my constituents, the tenants, and friends of the farm. Moreover, before the town-hall meeting, I wrote a letter to Chancellor Kumble Subbaswamy requesting a meeting. He sent his attorney in his stead, and we discussed the future of the farm. During this meeting, I learned that my letter was the first letter the Chancellor’s office had received from the Waltham City Council. I think this fact, along with my record of consistent commitment to our farm, puts to bed the prejudicial and bigoted rhetoric suggesting that I do not support our farm. When I saw the memorandum of agreement, I was extremely disappointed because it was a staggering step-back from our progress. Of course, I voted NO. However, I am happy to report that Mayor Jeanette McCarthy presented a CPA application to the Community Preservation Committee to procure funds to purchase the farm. The CPC recently approved the $14 million application. I wholeheartedly support this measure and pray for our desired outcome."
I'm sure that the minutes from the executive session have since been made public but I will never forget the blow I felt in my stomach when she walked into that session and asked apathetically, "So what do you want to do with the farm?" I couldn't believe what I was hearing. She could have cared less if our farm was sold from under us because she didn't want to deal with the remediation issues surrounding it - but mostly because she didn't support the farm. And she made no secret of her disdain that the farm was even an issue before us that night. I looked around in shock and anger - I wanted to scream "WE WANT THE CITY TO BUY THE FARM!!!"
This is a mayor who had been telling her constituents that she was working with UMass to acquire the farm yet my letter to the chancellor was the first communication they received from the city. Please feel free to file a FOIA (good luck) for my emails. I have tried to get them from the city but the old and new clerks have ensured that I don't get them.
Therefore, it comes as no surprise to me that the City of Waltham under the directive of Mayor McCarthy has denied Waltham Fields Community Farm's building permit to rebuild two of its greenhouses, mind you, deconstructed in May 2023 per order of the Mayor and the City of Waltham. WFCF was told that its “permit application is not a priority.” The farm, the police station, remediation at The Fernald, affordable housing for seniors on 5+ year waitlists, the rail trail, etc. have never been priorities for this Mayor. So, as you go to vote tomorrow, remember how important your vote is. Vote the facts!!!
​
Yours sincerely,
Sharline

Short version:

Meade Layne was a respected college professor and part-time parapsychologist out of curiosity, who met and befriended a man named Mark Probert, who was a claimed psychic medium. Based on things Probert reported to Layne from what seems to be alternately described as channeling or seances (often apparently without warning), Layne sent the FBI a memo the very same day the Roswell Crash went national news. The memo describes the scenario with shocking accuracy to modern topics of discussion. Neither had any sorts of military or government connections.

Woo and science

This is, I think, the earliest incarnation of the sorts of 'woo' we see discussed today.
I tried to start at the "top" from his memo in this write up. I have no opinion on the 'woo' but this is an incredibly interesting read. I'm not saying what is or isn't real--I'm normally more on the nuts & bolts side. But this really has the tonal sense of this is the 'Tolkien' of the modern "UFO" theory that's into the spiritual/weird/dimensional side, and it intersects a lot with the technical and scientific. I haven't seen something like this before.
Read through, and then take a minute to look at the Archive.org volume. There's a wild number of connections here to modern topics and theorized ideas, and this goes back to even before the 1940s. I saw links that even go to the late 18th century and ties into concepts like Theosophy and people like Helena Blavatsky. If you're interested at all into the theories the UFOs/UAPs have had a longer historical role (but far after the "aliens were the gods" era) this may fit.
I was following some unrelated rabbit hole around people reported to be involved with the Roswell recovery that were claimed in the Spencer "Alien Interview" book (another interesting read about a claimed interview transcript with a NHI exfiltrated from the Roswell event) when I came across this memo.
Dig in, this is a very peculiar and unexpected corner of UFO history that I have not heard of before.

Initial Reading:

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meade_Layne
  
• FBI vault, please review page 22
  
• Imgur link of memo
  
• "Etherians" page on Wikipedia, last version
  
• Additional context on "Kook" science site: https://hatch.kookscience.com/wiki/Memorandum_6751
  

Full text of memo

THIS MEMORANDUM is respectfully addressed to certain scientists of distinction, to important aeronautical and military authorities, to a number of public officials and to a few publications.
The writer has little expectation that anything of import will be accomplished by this gesture. The mere fact that the data herein were obtained by so-called supernormal means is probably sufficient to insure its disregard by nearly all the persons addressed; nevertheless it seems a public duty to make it available. (The present writer has several university degrees and was formerly a university department head).
A very serious situation may develop at any time with regard to the "flying saucers." If one of those should be attacked, the attacking plane will almost certainly be destroyed. In the public mind this might create near panic and international suspicion. The principal data concerning these craft is now at hand and must be offered, no matter how fantastic and unintelligible it may seem to minds not previously instructed in thinking of this type.

1. Part of the disks carry crews, others are under remote control.
2. Their mission is peaceful. The visitors contemplate settling on this plane.
3. These visitors are human-like but much larger in size.
   
4. They are NOT excarnate earth people, but come from their own world.
   
5. They do NOT come from any "planet" as we use the word, but from an etheric planet which interpenetrates with our own and is not perceptible to use.
   
6. The bodies of the visitors, and the craft also, automatically "materialize" on entering the vibratory rate of our dense matter. (Cp. "apports.")
   
7. The disks possess a type of radiant energy, or a ray, which will easily disintegrate any attacking ship. They reenter the etheric at will, and so simply disappear from our vision, without trace.
   
8. The region from which they come is NOT the "astral plane", but corresponds to the Lokas or Talas. Students of esoteric matters will understand these terms.
   
9. They probably cannot be reached by radio, but probably can be by radar, if a signal system can be devised for that apparatus.
   

We give information and warning, and can do no more. Let the newcomers be treated with every kindness. Unless the disks are withdrawn, a [illegible] [illegible] with which our culture and science are incapable of dealing. A heavy responsibility rests upon the few in authority who are able to understand this matter.
Addendum: The Lokas are oval shape, fluted length in - oval with a heat-resisting metal or alloy not yet known; the front edge contains the controls; the middle portion is a laboratory; the rear contains armament, which consists essentially of a powerful [illegible] energy apparatus, perhaps a ray apparatus [illegible].

Longer version of the memo

This was sent to the President and United States military. There is no date but it explicitly says 'more than five years ago' in '1946' on page six (6), so presumably this was sent in 1951-1952.
If you're still here, you'll want to read this:

• https://borderlandsciences.org/project/etheria/mimeo/A%20Matter%20of%20Urgent%20and%20Critical%20Importance.pdf

Borderland Sciences Research Foundation

Layne was also founder of the "Borderland Sciences Research Foundation".

• encyclopedia.com write up on the Foundation

Organization founded in 1945 by Meade Layne as Borderland Sciences Research Associates, concerned with the "border-land" region between fantasy and reality, fields of parapsychology, the occult, psychic research, hypnosis, dowsing, radiesthesia, radionics, telepathy, and other phenomena. Layne showed a special concern with flying saucers. BSRA published many mimeographed bulletins, including Flying Roll and Meade Lane's Round Robin, now known as the Journal of Borderland Research.
Around 1960, the organization evolved into Borderland Sciences Research Foundation, Inc. It explores phenomena that orthodox science cannot or will not investigate, and it offers recognition, understanding, and encouragement to individuals who are having unusual experiences of the borderland type or are conducting research in the occult. The foundation maintains a library on occult science and related fields and publishes the many flying saucer contactee writings of Riley Hansard Crabb. The address of the foundation is: P.O. Box 6250, Eureka, CA 95502. Website: http://www.borderlands.com/.

• Click here for an online archive at the University of Ottawa Library of Borderlands Foundation documents and materials.
• Click here for an incredibly deep archive of Borderland Foundation publications.

Etherians

This was Layne's theorized identification of the "NHI" or aliens that he learned from Mark Probert.
From deleted Wikipedia content:

Etherians is the name used by Meade Layne for the beings he proposed as the explanation for UFOs. Layne speculated that, rather than representing advanced military or extraterrestrial technology, flying saucers were piloted by beings from a parallel dimension, which he called Etheria, and their "ether ships" were usually invisible but could be seen when their atomic motion became slow enough.[1] He further claimed that Etherians could become stranded on the terrestrial plane when their ether ships malfunctioned,[2] and that various governments were aware of these incidents and had investigated them.[2]
Furthermore, Layne argued that Etherians and their ether ships inspired much of earth's mythology and religion,[1] but that they were truly mortal beings despite having a high level of technological and spiritual advancement.[1] He claimed that their motive in coming to the terrestrial plane of existence was to reveal their accumulated wisdom to humanity.[3] These revelations would be relayed through individuals with sufficiently developed psychic abilities, allowing them to contact the Etherians and communicate with them directly;[2] in particular, he relied extensively on the mediumship of Mark Probert as confirmation of his theories.

Mark Probert

This article here is a deeper read on Proberts history. (archive) There's more, but this is a decent starting point before you dive into Google. From there:

On October 14, 1946, The Los Angeles Daily News reported that a number of people in San Diego believed that “a space ship from another planet” had attempted to make contact with Earth during the previous week’s meteor shower, an event caused by the passing of the Giacobini-Zinner comet. Although local authorities received no reports of anything out of the ordinary, at least a dozen people told the paper that on October 9 they had witnessed a “large and weird object” in the sky over the city. One witness was quoted as saying, “It was shaped like a bullet and left this vapor trail behind it.” Another observed that it had “something that looked like wings.” The article curiously went on to say that local occult publisher Meade Layne was “putting a medium to work on the supposed sighting.” That medium was Mark Probert.
According to the brief autobiography published in the 1963 edition of his book The Magic Bag, Mark Probert was born in Bayonne, New Jersey, in 1907. As a teenager he joined the Merchant Marine. But after only two years at sea, he disembarked at San Diego and decided to stay. There he worked briefly as a jockey and a bellhop, before moving into vaudeville as a “song and dance man.” By the 1930s, vaudeville was dying, so in 1939 he took a job as a graphic artist with the Visual Education Department of the San Diego public school system. It was there he met his wife Irene.
Not long after they were married, Irene made a casual remark that would change the course of their lives. She told Mark that he often talked in his sleep. The odd thing was that when this happened, it sounded as if he were speaking a foreign language. Soon the couple met Meade Layne, a former university professor who had left academia to devote his life to the study of psychic phenomena. As Probert put it, “he had considerable interest and knowledge in the fields of metaphysical and occult laws.” It was Layne who convinced Probert that his nocturnal mumblings could be evidence that he was in fact a trance medium.

Straightaway, I found multiple quick references in FBI files to Layne, this Foundation, and Mark Probert. See here on the Black Vault website. So, the fact that Layne sent such an incredibly accurate memo out of the blue to the FBI got them monitored over all this.
Here is a 2012 blog article that discusses studies of Proberts remarks and analysis. It seems to be a reasonable overview of how people in the parapsychology field view this. (archive)

ChatGPT summary of Mark Probert UFO theory

I just thought to add this after posting, so editing it in. I told ChatGPT:

Explain the UFO related theories by the medium Mark Probert.

It provided:

Mark Probert was a medium who claimed to have communicated with extraterrestrial beings and shared information about UFOs and related phenomena. His UFO-related theories are considered by many to be part of the UFO contactee movement, which gained popularity in the mid-20th century. Probert's claims were not widely accepted within the scientific or mainstream UFO research communities, and they should be viewed as unverified and speculative.
Here are some of the key aspects of Mark Probert's UFO-related theories:
Contact with Extraterrestrial Beings: Probert claimed to have made contact with beings from other planets through psychic or telepathic communication. He asserted that these beings provided him with information about their origins, intentions, and knowledge about advanced technologies.
Messages from Extraterrestrials: Probert alleged that the extraterrestrial beings he communicated with were concerned about the state of the Earth and humanity's future. He claimed that they conveyed messages of peace, spiritual growth, and the need for humans to evolve both morally and technologically.
Interdimensional Travel: Probert suggested that UFOs were not necessarily spacecraft in the traditional sense but rather vehicles that could traverse dimensions or exist in multiple dimensions simultaneously. This concept aligns with some fringe theories about UFO propulsion and the nature of extraterrestrial visitors.
Reincarnation and Cosmic Evolution: Probert's theories often delved into metaphysical and spiritual topics. He believed in the concept of reincarnation and suggested that humans were part of a cosmic evolution, guided by extraterrestrial beings who were more spiritually advanced.
Limited Evidence: Like many UFO contactees, Mark Probert did not provide concrete evidence to support his claims. His communications with extraterrestrial beings were largely personal experiences and were not subject to scientific scrutiny or verification.

Further reading

Deep dive with LOTS of material from the 1940s-1950s:

• https://borderlandsciences.org/project/etheria/index.html

'Full text of "Ether Ship Mystery Meade Layne"':

• https://archive.org/stream/ethershipmysterymeadelayne/Ether-Ship-Mystery%20Meade%20Layne_djvu.txt

Full PDF of Layne's volume book "The Coming of the Guardians":

• https://www.scribd.com/document/295925751/1957-Layne-Coming-of-the-Guardians#

An Interpretation of the "Flying Saucers"
As Given From The Other Side of Life
Compiled by Meade Layne, M. A., National Director, the Borderland Sciences Research Associates, Third Edition, 1957
"All material here quoted as coming from the Mark Probert Controls, is printed by permission of Mark Probert."

My only $0.02 on this

I'm an engineer, especially around diagnostics sorts of work and testing. I find stuff in noise professionally a decent number of days. I started noticing a bunch of curious connections reading about Roswell (I never had really before with any depth) and I quickly ended up on this memo. I credit the Spencer Alien Interview book with drawing my attention that way, via the claims in that volume from the "Airl" NHI/alien. This caught me off guard as it seems to be a cornerstone of a lot of what we are all discussing today.
Unless the "Military Industrial Complex" had a "psy op" running with these random two guys to have this data ready to go the day after Roswell and to have it buried in the cobwebs of libraries and the cobwebs of the Internet for generations... these guys with this memo and Proberts sourcing nailed a lot of things reported today with some prescient accuracy. It's eerie.

Short version:

Meade Layne was a respected college professor and part-time parapsychologist out of curiosity, who met and befriended a man named Mark Probert, who was a claimed psychic medium. Based on things Probert reported to Layne from what seems to be alternately described as channeling or seances (often apparently without warning), Layne sent the FBI a memo the very same day the Roswell Crash went national news. The memo describes the scenario with shocking accuracy to modern topics of discussion. Neither had any sorts of military or government connections.

Woo and science

This is, I think, the earliest incarnation of the sorts of 'woo' we see discussed today.
I tried to start at the "top" from his memo in this write up. I have no opinion on the 'woo' but this is an incredibly interesting read. I'm not saying what is or isn't real--I'm normally more on the nuts & bolts side. But this really has the tonal sense of this is the 'Tolkien' of the modern "UFO" theory that's into the spiritual/weird/dimensional side, and it intersects a lot with the technical and scientific. I haven't seen something like this before.
Read through, and then take a minute to look at the Archive.org volume. There's a wild number of connections here to modern topics and theorized ideas, and this goes back to even before the 1940s. I saw links that even go to the late 18th century and ties into concepts like Theosophy and people like Helena Blavatsky. If you're interested at all into the theories the UFOs/UAPs have had a longer historical role (but far after the "aliens were the gods" era) this may fit.
I was following some unrelated rabbit hole around people reported to be involved with the Roswell recovery that were claimed in the Spencer "Alien Interview" book (another interesting read about a claimed interview transcript with a NHI exfiltrated from the Roswell event) when I came across this memo.
Dig in, this is a very peculiar and unexpected corner of UFO history that I have not heard of before.

Initial Reading:

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meade_Layne
  
• FBI vault, please review page 22
  
• Imgur link of memo
  
• "Etherians" page on Wikipedia, last version
  
• Additional context on "Kook" science site: https://hatch.kookscience.com/wiki/Memorandum_6751
  

Full text of memo

THIS MEMORANDUM is respectfully addressed to certain scientists of distinction, to important aeronautical and military authorities, to a number of public officials and to a few publications.
The writer has little expectation that anything of import will be accomplished by this gesture. The mere fact that the data herein were obtained by so-called supernormal means is probably sufficient to insure its disregard by nearly all the persons addressed; nevertheless it seems a public duty to make it available. (The present writer has several university degrees and was formerly a university department head).
A very serious situation may develop at any time with regard to the "flying saucers." If one of those should be attacked, the attacking plane will almost certainly be destroyed. In the public mind this might create near panic and international suspicion. The principal data concerning these craft is now at hand and must be offered, no matter how fantastic and unintelligible it may seem to minds not previously instructed in thinking of this type.

1. Part of the disks carry crews, others are under remote control.
2. Their mission is peaceful. The visitors contemplate settling on this plane.
3. These visitors are human-like but much larger in size.
   
4. They are NOT excarnate earth people, but come from their own world.
   
5. They do NOT come from any "planet" as we use the word, but from an etheric planet which interpenetrates with our own and is not perceptible to use.
   
6. The bodies of the visitors, and the craft also, automatically "materialize" on entering the vibratory rate of our dense matter. (Cp. "apports.")
   
7. The disks possess a type of radiant energy, or a ray, which will easily disintegrate any attacking ship. They reenter the etheric at will, and so simply disappear from our vision, without trace.
   
8. The region from which they come is NOT the "astral plane", but corresponds to the Lokas or Talas. Students of esoteric matters will understand these terms.
   
9. They probably cannot be reached by radio, but probably can be by radar, if a signal system can be devised for that apparatus.
   

We give information and warning, and can do no more. Let the newcomers be treated with every kindness. Unless the disks are withdrawn, a [illegible] [illegible] with which our culture and science are incapable of dealing. A heavy responsibility rests upon the few in authority who are able to understand this matter.
Addendum: The Lokas are oval shape, fluted length in - oval with a heat-resisting metal or alloy not yet known; the front edge contains the controls; the middle portion is a laboratory; the rear contains armament, which consists essentially of a powerful [illegible] energy apparatus, perhaps a ray apparatus [illegible].

Longer version of the memo

This was sent to the President and United States military. There is no date but it explicitly says 'more than five years ago' in '1946' on page six (6), so presumably this was sent in 1951-1952.
If you're still here, you'll want to read this:

• https://borderlandsciences.org/project/etheria/mimeo/A%20Matter%20of%20Urgent%20and%20Critical%20Importance.pdf

Borderland Sciences Research Foundation

Layne was also founder of the "Borderland Sciences Research Foundation".

• encyclopedia.com write up on the Foundation

Organization founded in 1945 by Meade Layne as Borderland Sciences Research Associates, concerned with the "border-land" region between fantasy and reality, fields of parapsychology, the occult, psychic research, hypnosis, dowsing, radiesthesia, radionics, telepathy, and other phenomena. Layne showed a special concern with flying saucers. BSRA published many mimeographed bulletins, including Flying Roll and Meade Lane's Round Robin, now known as the Journal of Borderland Research.
Around 1960, the organization evolved into Borderland Sciences Research Foundation, Inc. It explores phenomena that orthodox science cannot or will not investigate, and it offers recognition, understanding, and encouragement to individuals who are having unusual experiences of the borderland type or are conducting research in the occult. The foundation maintains a library on occult science and related fields and publishes the many flying saucer contactee writings of Riley Hansard Crabb. The address of the foundation is: P.O. Box 6250, Eureka, CA 95502. Website: http://www.borderlands.com/.

• Click here for an online archive at the University of Ottawa Library of Borderlands Foundation documents and materials.
• Click here for an incredibly deep archive of Borderland Foundation publications.

Etherians

This was Layne's theorized identification of the "NHI" or aliens that he learned from Mark Probert.
From deleted Wikipedia content:

Etherians is the name used by Meade Layne for the beings he proposed as the explanation for UFOs. Layne speculated that, rather than representing advanced military or extraterrestrial technology, flying saucers were piloted by beings from a parallel dimension, which he called Etheria, and their "ether ships" were usually invisible but could be seen when their atomic motion became slow enough.[1] He further claimed that Etherians could become stranded on the terrestrial plane when their ether ships malfunctioned,[2] and that various governments were aware of these incidents and had investigated them.[2]
Furthermore, Layne argued that Etherians and their ether ships inspired much of earth's mythology and religion,[1] but that they were truly mortal beings despite having a high level of technological and spiritual advancement.[1] He claimed that their motive in coming to the terrestrial plane of existence was to reveal their accumulated wisdom to humanity.[3] These revelations would be relayed through individuals with sufficiently developed psychic abilities, allowing them to contact the Etherians and communicate with them directly;[2] in particular, he relied extensively on the mediumship of Mark Probert as confirmation of his theories.

Mark Probert

This article here is a deeper read on Proberts history. (archive) There's more, but this is a decent starting point before you dive into Google. From there:

On October 14, 1946, The Los Angeles Daily News reported that a number of people in San Diego believed that “a space ship from another planet” had attempted to make contact with Earth during the previous week’s meteor shower, an event caused by the passing of the Giacobini-Zinner comet. Although local authorities received no reports of anything out of the ordinary, at least a dozen people told the paper that on October 9 they had witnessed a “large and weird object” in the sky over the city. One witness was quoted as saying, “It was shaped like a bullet and left this vapor trail behind it.” Another observed that it had “something that looked like wings.” The article curiously went on to say that local occult publisher Meade Layne was “putting a medium to work on the supposed sighting.” That medium was Mark Probert.
According to the brief autobiography published in the 1963 edition of his book The Magic Bag, Mark Probert was born in Bayonne, New Jersey, in 1907. As a teenager he joined the Merchant Marine. But after only two years at sea, he disembarked at San Diego and decided to stay. There he worked briefly as a jockey and a bellhop, before moving into vaudeville as a “song and dance man.” By the 1930s, vaudeville was dying, so in 1939 he took a job as a graphic artist with the Visual Education Department of the San Diego public school system. It was there he met his wife Irene.
Not long after they were married, Irene made a casual remark that would change the course of their lives. She told Mark that he often talked in his sleep. The odd thing was that when this happened, it sounded as if he were speaking a foreign language. Soon the couple met Meade Layne, a former university professor who had left academia to devote his life to the study of psychic phenomena. As Probert put it, “he had considerable interest and knowledge in the fields of metaphysical and occult laws.” It was Layne who convinced Probert that his nocturnal mumblings could be evidence that he was in fact a trance medium.

Straightaway, I found multiple quick references in FBI files to Layne, this Foundation, and Mark Probert. See here on the Black Vault website. So, the fact that Layne sent such an incredibly accurate memo out of the blue to the FBI got them monitored over all this.
Here is a 2012 blog article that discusses studies of Proberts remarks and analysis. It seems to be a reasonable overview of how people in the parapsychology field view this. (archive)

ChatGPT summary of Mark Probert UFO theory

I just thought to add this after posting, so editing it in. I told ChatGPT:

Explain the UFO related theories by the medium Mark Probert.

It provided:

Mark Probert was a medium who claimed to have communicated with extraterrestrial beings and shared information about UFOs and related phenomena. His UFO-related theories are considered by many to be part of the UFO contactee movement, which gained popularity in the mid-20th century. Probert's claims were not widely accepted within the scientific or mainstream UFO research communities, and they should be viewed as unverified and speculative.
Here are some of the key aspects of Mark Probert's UFO-related theories:
Contact with Extraterrestrial Beings: Probert claimed to have made contact with beings from other planets through psychic or telepathic communication. He asserted that these beings provided him with information about their origins, intentions, and knowledge about advanced technologies.
Messages from Extraterrestrials: Probert alleged that the extraterrestrial beings he communicated with were concerned about the state of the Earth and humanity's future. He claimed that they conveyed messages of peace, spiritual growth, and the need for humans to evolve both morally and technologically.
Interdimensional Travel: Probert suggested that UFOs were not necessarily spacecraft in the traditional sense but rather vehicles that could traverse dimensions or exist in multiple dimensions simultaneously. This concept aligns with some fringe theories about UFO propulsion and the nature of extraterrestrial visitors.
Reincarnation and Cosmic Evolution: Probert's theories often delved into metaphysical and spiritual topics. He believed in the concept of reincarnation and suggested that humans were part of a cosmic evolution, guided by extraterrestrial beings who were more spiritually advanced.
Limited Evidence: Like many UFO contactees, Mark Probert did not provide concrete evidence to support his claims. His communications with extraterrestrial beings were largely personal experiences and were not subject to scientific scrutiny or verification.

Further reading

Deep dive with LOTS of material from the 1940s-1950s:

• https://borderlandsciences.org/project/etheria/index.html

'Full text of "Ether Ship Mystery Meade Layne"':

• https://archive.org/stream/ethershipmysterymeadelayne/Ether-Ship-Mystery%20Meade%20Layne_djvu.txt

Full PDF of Layne's volume book "The Coming of the Guardians":

• https://www.scribd.com/document/295925751/1957-Layne-Coming-of-the-Guardians#

An Interpretation of the "Flying Saucers"
As Given From The Other Side of Life
Compiled by Meade Layne, M. A., National Director, the Borderland Sciences Research Associates, Third Edition, 1957
"All material here quoted as coming from the Mark Probert Controls, is printed by permission of Mark Probert."

My only $0.02 on this

I'm an engineer, especially around diagnostics sorts of work and testing. I find stuff in noise professionally a decent number of days. I started noticing a bunch of curious connections reading about Roswell (I never had really before with any depth) and I quickly ended up on this memo. I credit the Spencer Alien Interview book with drawing my attention that way, via the claims in that volume from the "Airl" NHI/alien. This caught me off guard as it seems to be a cornerstone of a lot of what we are all discussing today.
Unless the "Military Industrial Complex" had a "psy op" running with these random two guys to have this data ready to go the day after Roswell and to have it buried in the cobwebs of libraries and the cobwebs of the Internet for generations... these guys with this memo and Proberts sourcing nailed a lot of things reported today with some prescient accuracy. It's eerie.

Short version:

Meade Layne was a respected college professor and part-time parapsychologist out of curiosity, who met and befriended a man named Mark Probert, who was a claimed psychic medium. Based on things Probert reported to Layne from what seems to be alternately described as channeling or seances (often apparently without warning), Layne sent the FBI a memo the very same day the Roswell Crash went national news. The memo describes the scenario with shocking accuracy to modern topics of discussion. Neither had any sorts of military or government connections.

Woo and science

This is, I think, the earliest incarnation of the sorts of 'woo' we see discussed today.
I tried to start at the "top" from his memo in this write up. I have no opinion on the 'woo' but this is an incredibly interesting read. I'm not saying what is or isn't real--I'm normally more on the nuts & bolts side. But this really has the tonal sense of this is the 'Tolkien' of the modern "UFO" theory that's into the spiritual/weird/dimensional side, and it intersects a lot with the technical and scientific. I haven't seen something like this before.
Read through, and then take a minute to look at the Archive.org volume. There's a wild number of connections here to modern topics and theorized ideas, and this goes back to even before the 1940s. I saw links that even go to the late 18th century and ties into concepts like Theosophy and people like Helena Blavatsky. If you're interested at all into the theories the UFOs/UAPs have had a longer historical role (but far after the "aliens were the gods" era) this may fit.
I was following some unrelated rabbit hole around people reported to be involved with the Roswell recovery that were claimed in the Spencer "Alien Interview" book (another interesting read about a claimed interview transcript with a NHI exfiltrated from the Roswell event) when I came across this memo.
Dig in, this is a very peculiar and unexpected corner of UFO history that I have not heard of before.

Initial Reading:

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meade_Layne
  
• FBI vault, please review page 22
  
• Imgur link of memo
  
• "Etherians" page on Wikipedia, last version
  
• Additional context on "Kook" science site: https://hatch.kookscience.com/wiki/Memorandum_6751
  

Full text of memo

THIS MEMORANDUM is respectfully addressed to certain scientists of distinction, to important aeronautical and military authorities, to a number of public officials and to a few publications.
The writer has little expectation that anything of import will be accomplished by this gesture. The mere fact that the data herein were obtained by so-called supernormal means is probably sufficient to insure its disregard by nearly all the persons addressed; nevertheless it seems a public duty to make it available. (The present writer has several university degrees and was formerly a university department head).
A very serious situation may develop at any time with regard to the "flying saucers." If one of those should be attacked, the attacking plane will almost certainly be destroyed. In the public mind this might create near panic and international suspicion. The principal data concerning these craft is now at hand and must be offered, no matter how fantastic and unintelligible it may seem to minds not previously instructed in thinking of this type.

1. Part of the disks carry crews, others are under remote control.
2. Their mission is peaceful. The visitors contemplate settling on this plane.
3. These visitors are human-like but much larger in size.
   
4. They are NOT excarnate earth people, but come from their own world.
   
5. They do NOT come from any "planet" as we use the word, but from an etheric planet which interpenetrates with our own and is not perceptible to use.
   
6. The bodies of the visitors, and the craft also, automatically "materialize" on entering the vibratory rate of our dense matter. (Cp. "apports.")
   
7. The disks possess a type of radiant energy, or a ray, which will easily disintegrate any attacking ship. They reenter the etheric at will, and so simply disappear from our vision, without trace.
   
8. The region from which they come is NOT the "astral plane", but corresponds to the Lokas or Talas. Students of esoteric matters will understand these terms.
   
9. They probably cannot be reached by radio, but probably can be by radar, if a signal system can be devised for that apparatus.
   

We give information and warning, and can do no more. Let the newcomers be treated with every kindness. Unless the disks are withdrawn, a [illegible] [illegible] with which our culture and science are incapable of dealing. A heavy responsibility rests upon the few in authority who are able to understand this matter.
Addendum: The Lokas are oval shape, fluted length in - oval with a heat-resisting metal or alloy not yet known; the front edge contains the controls; the middle portion is a laboratory; the rear contains armament, which consists essentially of a powerful [illegible] energy apparatus, perhaps a ray apparatus [illegible].

Longer version of the memo

This was sent to the President and United States military. There is no date but it explicitly says 'more than five years ago' in '1946' on page six (6), so presumably this was sent in 1951-1952.
If you're still here, you'll want to read this:

• https://borderlandsciences.org/project/etheria/mimeo/A%20Matter%20of%20Urgent%20and%20Critical%20Importance.pdf

Borderland Sciences Research Foundation

Layne was also founder of the "Borderland Sciences Research Foundation".

• encyclopedia.com write up on the Foundation

Organization founded in 1945 by Meade Layne as Borderland Sciences Research Associates, concerned with the "border-land" region between fantasy and reality, fields of parapsychology, the occult, psychic research, hypnosis, dowsing, radiesthesia, radionics, telepathy, and other phenomena. Layne showed a special concern with flying saucers. BSRA published many mimeographed bulletins, including Flying Roll and Meade Lane's Round Robin, now known as the Journal of Borderland Research.
Around 1960, the organization evolved into Borderland Sciences Research Foundation, Inc. It explores phenomena that orthodox science cannot or will not investigate, and it offers recognition, understanding, and encouragement to individuals who are having unusual experiences of the borderland type or are conducting research in the occult. The foundation maintains a library on occult science and related fields and publishes the many flying saucer contactee writings of Riley Hansard Crabb. The address of the foundation is: P.O. Box 6250, Eureka, CA 95502. Website: http://www.borderlands.com/.

• Click here for an online archive at the University of Ottawa Library of Borderlands Foundation documents and materials.
• Click here for an incredibly deep archive of Borderland Foundation publications.

Etherians

This was Layne's theorized identification of the "NHI" or aliens that he learned from Mark Probert.
From deleted Wikipedia content:

Etherians is the name used by Meade Layne for the beings he proposed as the explanation for UFOs. Layne speculated that, rather than representing advanced military or extraterrestrial technology, flying saucers were piloted by beings from a parallel dimension, which he called Etheria, and their "ether ships" were usually invisible but could be seen when their atomic motion became slow enough.[1] He further claimed that Etherians could become stranded on the terrestrial plane when their ether ships malfunctioned,[2] and that various governments were aware of these incidents and had investigated them.[2]
Furthermore, Layne argued that Etherians and their ether ships inspired much of earth's mythology and religion,[1] but that they were truly mortal beings despite having a high level of technological and spiritual advancement.[1] He claimed that their motive in coming to the terrestrial plane of existence was to reveal their accumulated wisdom to humanity.[3] These revelations would be relayed through individuals with sufficiently developed psychic abilities, allowing them to contact the Etherians and communicate with them directly;[2] in particular, he relied extensively on the mediumship of Mark Probert as confirmation of his theories.

Mark Probert

This article here is a deeper read on Proberts history. (archive) There's more, but this is a decent starting point before you dive into Google. From there:

On October 14, 1946, The Los Angeles Daily News reported that a number of people in San Diego believed that “a space ship from another planet” had attempted to make contact with Earth during the previous week’s meteor shower, an event caused by the passing of the Giacobini-Zinner comet. Although local authorities received no reports of anything out of the ordinary, at least a dozen people told the paper that on October 9 they had witnessed a “large and weird object” in the sky over the city. One witness was quoted as saying, “It was shaped like a bullet and left this vapor trail behind it.” Another observed that it had “something that looked like wings.” The article curiously went on to say that local occult publisher Meade Layne was “putting a medium to work on the supposed sighting.” That medium was Mark Probert.
According to the brief autobiography published in the 1963 edition of his book The Magic Bag, Mark Probert was born in Bayonne, New Jersey, in 1907. As a teenager he joined the Merchant Marine. But after only two years at sea, he disembarked at San Diego and decided to stay. There he worked briefly as a jockey and a bellhop, before moving into vaudeville as a “song and dance man.” By the 1930s, vaudeville was dying, so in 1939 he took a job as a graphic artist with the Visual Education Department of the San Diego public school system. It was there he met his wife Irene.
Not long after they were married, Irene made a casual remark that would change the course of their lives. She told Mark that he often talked in his sleep. The odd thing was that when this happened, it sounded as if he were speaking a foreign language. Soon the couple met Meade Layne, a former university professor who had left academia to devote his life to the study of psychic phenomena. As Probert put it, “he had considerable interest and knowledge in the fields of metaphysical and occult laws.” It was Layne who convinced Probert that his nocturnal mumblings could be evidence that he was in fact a trance medium.

Straightaway, I found multiple quick references in FBI files to Layne, this Foundation, and Mark Probert. See here on the Black Vault website. So, the fact that Layne sent such an incredibly accurate memo out of the blue to the FBI got them monitored over all this.
Here is a 2012 blog article that discusses studies of Proberts remarks and analysis. It seems to be a reasonable overview of how people in the parapsychology field view this. (archive)

ChatGPT summary of Mark Probert UFO theory

I just thought to add this after posting, so editing it in. I told ChatGPT:

Explain the UFO related theories by the medium Mark Probert.

It provided:

Mark Probert was a medium who claimed to have communicated with extraterrestrial beings and shared information about UFOs and related phenomena. His UFO-related theories are considered by many to be part of the UFO contactee movement, which gained popularity in the mid-20th century. Probert's claims were not widely accepted within the scientific or mainstream UFO research communities, and they should be viewed as unverified and speculative.
Here are some of the key aspects of Mark Probert's UFO-related theories:
Contact with Extraterrestrial Beings: Probert claimed to have made contact with beings from other planets through psychic or telepathic communication. He asserted that these beings provided him with information about their origins, intentions, and knowledge about advanced technologies.
Messages from Extraterrestrials: Probert alleged that the extraterrestrial beings he communicated with were concerned about the state of the Earth and humanity's future. He claimed that they conveyed messages of peace, spiritual growth, and the need for humans to evolve both morally and technologically.
Interdimensional Travel: Probert suggested that UFOs were not necessarily spacecraft in the traditional sense but rather vehicles that could traverse dimensions or exist in multiple dimensions simultaneously. This concept aligns with some fringe theories about UFO propulsion and the nature of extraterrestrial visitors.
Reincarnation and Cosmic Evolution: Probert's theories often delved into metaphysical and spiritual topics. He believed in the concept of reincarnation and suggested that humans were part of a cosmic evolution, guided by extraterrestrial beings who were more spiritually advanced.
Limited Evidence: Like many UFO contactees, Mark Probert did not provide concrete evidence to support his claims. His communications with extraterrestrial beings were largely personal experiences and were not subject to scientific scrutiny or verification.

Further reading

Deep dive with LOTS of material from the 1940s-1950s:

• https://borderlandsciences.org/project/etheria/index.html

'Full text of "Ether Ship Mystery Meade Layne"':

• https://archive.org/stream/ethershipmysterymeadelayne/Ether-Ship-Mystery%20Meade%20Layne_djvu.txt

Full PDF of Layne's volume book "The Coming of the Guardians":

• https://www.scribd.com/document/295925751/1957-Layne-Coming-of-the-Guardians#

An Interpretation of the "Flying Saucers"
As Given From The Other Side of Life
Compiled by Meade Layne, M. A., National Director, the Borderland Sciences Research Associates, Third Edition, 1957
"All material here quoted as coming from the Mark Probert Controls, is printed by permission of Mark Probert."

My only $0.02 on this

I'm an engineer, especially around diagnostics sorts of work and testing. I find stuff in noise professionally a decent number of days. I started noticing a bunch of curious connections reading about Roswell (I never had really before with any depth) and I quickly ended up on this memo. I credit the Spencer Alien Interview book with drawing my attention that way, via the claims in that volume from the "Airl" NHI/alien. This caught me off guard as it seems to be a cornerstone of a lot of what we are all discussing today.
Unless the "Military Industrial Complex" had a "psy op" running with these random two guys to have this data ready to go the day after Roswell and to have it buried in the cobwebs of libraries and the cobwebs of the Internet for generations... these guys with this memo and Proberts sourcing nailed a lot of things reported today with some prescient accuracy. It's eerie.

(TO THE MODS: Only release this post when americans are usually up, this is written at like 3-6 AM your time zones, I am not well versed or well accustomed to reddit post or exposure algorithms and post dynamics, of when to post to gain most traction etc., this is not about attention, but action, I would love to see his reasoning and Americans deserve that)
​
Hello my fellow passionate and devoted observers of unexcused flying objects or unidentified aerial photoedits, as we all know. Wink. (sarcasm off)
Greetings and good morning to you from a German in Germany,
now here's something to ponder upon before you scroll down:

Have you ever thought of the clever and rather questionable decisions led by the powers-that-be who refrain diligently from conducting further specific hearings conveniently within their sphere of legal autonomy?
All in the so so so important name of ensuring safety for that dear old institution you may lovingly know as - the Department of Defense or similar?
Please spare an ironic smirk. Yes, I see you there, right at the brink of it!
So here you go though, a cluster of requests, carefully drafted and adapted by me. These requests, you can freely deploy, or even - better yet - you can choose to craft and shape them, altering them as you see fit with chatgpt yourself. They may not be all too perfect but in case there is any recommendation, feel free to add a comment below of this post.
Note: All legal references are valid as far as I proofchecked, German paragraphing and paraphrasing is quite similar yet some tiny things might be off, so forgive wrong routings.

Credits for inspiration, contribution or direct / indirect participation of this template list: reddit.com/userumste- reddit.com/useXxFrostFoxX/- reddit.com/useipwnpickles/
^{Disclaimer : Check legal paragraphs, if there are mishaps or mixups, please feel free to let me know, I formulated this with all available software to the best of my ability and knowledge. Thank you.}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Template Usage Recommendation:

​

1. Select your form of contact as below, by the contact details: - Make sure to keep the bold data provided. 2. Proof Check: - Check the templates and add any subtle additions you may find needed, these are just templates. You as an individual are encouraged to personalize these. 3. Extra Step: - Get ChatGPT, enter prompt "Reword this template but still keep legal content and paragraphs as is" to block out the opportunity for his staff to mass respond or mass deal with our email arrangement. 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Contact Details of Mike Turner and Mike Turner's Office:

E-Mail:

• - (Main) [michael.turner@mail.house.gov](mailto:michael.turner@mail.house.gov)
• - (Campaign, might be defunct now:) [dcline@miketurner.com](mailto:dcline@miketurner.com)
• - (Contact Form) https://turner.house.gov/contact

Either way, please be sure to include your full name and address if you would like a response.

Zip Codes of his district:

• - 45414, 45424, 45418, 45404, 45419, 45408 45417 -> use a random one.

Office:

• - 50 Independence Avenue, SW Washington DC 20515-3510

Phone:

• - (202 225-6465)

Phone number extensions:

• - 740, 220, 380, 614

Fax:

• - (202 225-6754)

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Index of Templates:

​

Name:	Amount of Templates:
1. KBR (Formerly: M.W. Kellogg, Brown & Root and Halliburton, currently inced as KBR, Inc.)	2x
2. Leidos (Formerly: Leidos IT (Lockheed Martin IS&GS) Science Applications Incorporated (SAI) Science Applications International Corporation)	2x
3. GE Aerospace (Formerly: Aircraft Gas Turbine Division, General Electric Aircraft Enginesbut also as GE Aviation)	2x
4. Northrop Grumman	1x
3. GE Aerospace	2x
6. CACI (Formerly: California Analysis Center, Inc., Consolidated Analysis Center, Inc.)	2x
7. L3Harris (Formerly: L3 Technologies, Harris Corporation)	2x
8. Centauri (Now part of KBR!)	1x

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• 1. K B R

1.1

Dear Representative Mike Turner,
pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA, 5 U.S.C. § 552, I write to request access to and copies of all correspondence, documentation, reports, memorandums, contracts, or other records (including emails concerning, mentioning, or related to the involvement or association of the corporation known as KBR (Kellogg, Brown & Root) in context with the Grusch hearings.))
Given the potential gravity of the matter, it seems prudent to ascertain that crucial questions about the role and context of KBR in these hearings are answered with transparency. American taxpayers deserve to know about the dealings of their representatives, and businesses they are publicly associated with, in order to make informed decisions.
To aid your search, I am particularly interested in any correspondence or documents involving significant decision-making processes, agreements, disputes, or negotiations, from the period commencing January 1, 2015, to today's date.
It is my understanding that FOIA provides for fees to cover some administrative costs but also allows fee waivers or reductions if the release of these records is in the public interest. Given that the requested documents will be made available to the public free of charge, I ask that you waive any applicable fees. This letter is no consent to any arising fees, those must be disclosed by you beforehand.
Should you need any further clarification or information to facilitate the processing of this request, please feel free to contact me. I am grateful for your attention to this matter and look forward to your prompt response within twenty business days, as stipulated by the Act.
Respectfully,
[Your Name]
[Your Contact Information]

1.2

Dear Representative Turner,
I trust this message finds you well.
In accordance with the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA, 5 U.S.C. § 552, I am seeking access to any records, minutes of meetings, emails, reports, or contract agreements that contain mentions or revolve around participation, engagement, or affiliation of KBR (Kellogg, Brown & Root with the Grusch hearings.))
Given KBR's prominence in the field, its involvement in these significant hearings is of particular public interest. It is essential that transparency is assured to the American people regarding any possible relationship or discourse these entities may have fostered.
For your assistance, I am specifically after any written or digital documents that highlight key decision-making processes or disputes, contracts or negotiations, dating from January 1, 2015, to the present date.
While I recognize that FOIA implementation may incur expenses, I kindly request fee exemption or reduction, because these disclosures will significantly contribute to public understanding of the operations and activities of the government. This letter is no consent to paying for any arising fees out of my request and I wish to know why if or any might come up.
It is my understanding that FOIA provides for fees to cover some administrative costs but also allows fee waivers or reductions if the release of these records is in the public interest. Given that the requested documents will be made available to the public free of charge, I ask that you waive any applicable fees. This letter is no consent to any arising fees, those must be disclosed by you beforehand.
Feel free to reach out if further clarification or details are needed. Under the Act, I anticipate your prompt reply within twenty business days.
Thank you for your consideration.
Yours Sincerely,
[Your Name]
[Your Contact Information]

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• 2. L e i d o s

2.1

Subject: Freedom of Information Act Request: Records pertaining to Leidos in the Grusch hearings
Dear Congressman Turner,
I am writing to formally request the release of any and all records, communications, contracts, internal memos, emails and any other related documents concerning Leidos directly or indirectly associated with the Grusch hearings under the mandate of the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA.)
My request is inclusive of any noble or ulterior funding motives that your esteemed office might have had with Leidos. The aim is to obtain full disclosure on the level of involvement that Leidos had, that indeed have potentially influenced any actions, decisions or outcomes during the Grusch hearings.
As a concerned citizen, I believe the actions and decisions made in your office in relation to Leidos during the Grusch hearings and on a larger scale, should be open and transparent, enabling American citizens to comprehend the backings of major decisions impacting our nation and the world at large.
Given the importance and timeliness of the request, I am hopeful that you will extend your cooperation as required by the Freedom of Information Act and the fundamental principles of open government. Owing to FOIA’s capstone of “a presumption in favor of disclosure," please respond promptly to my request within the 20-business day statutory time frame.
It is my understanding that FOIA provides for fees to cover some administrative costs but also allows fee waivers or reductions if the release of these records is in the public interest. Given that the requested documents will be made available to the public free of charge, I ask that you waive any applicable fees. This letter is no consent to any arising fees, those must be disclosed by you beforehand.
I am grateful for your attention and cooperation regarding this matter and look forward to your timely response.
Yours faithfully,
[Your Name]
[Your Contact Information]

2.2

Dear Congressman Turner,
Pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA, 5 U.S.C. § 552, I hereby request any and all unredacted documents and data pertaining to Leidos in connection with the Grusch hearing. This request encompasses, but is not limited to, all written correspondence, digital communication records, recorded phone calls, contracts, internal memorandums, reports, and other relevant documents.)
The stakes underpinning this request are fundamentally democratic. As an elected representative, I understand that your primary duty revolves around serving your constituents. Information transparency and fair dealings are significant components of this democratic service. The populace relies on this ethos to hold leaders accountable, thus engendering a fairer and more democratic society. Engaging Leidos during the Grusch hearing falls within the purview of this democratic accountability, and therefore necessitates a categorical disclosure.
Pursuant to the FOIA, I expect your response within the legally mandated 20 working days. Despite any exception in disclosing certain material, the FOIA upholds a "presumption in favor of disclosure" (508 U.S. 307, 315 - 1994 and implements the preconditions of public interest or probable cause of government misconduct. To this extent, please detail any grounds for non-disclosure, ensuring that withheld documents satisfy the aforementioned preconditions.)
Also it is my understanding that FOIA provides for fees to cover some administrative costs but also allows fee waivers or reductions if the release of these records is in the public interest. Given that the requested documents will be made available to the public free of charge, I ask that you waive any applicable fees. This letter is no consent to any arising fees, those must be disclosed by you beforehand.
I am ardently grateful for your immediate attention to this matter and look forward to a prompt response.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
[Your Contact Information]

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• 3. G E A e r o s p a c e

3.1

Subject: Freedom of Information Act Request - Communications Regarding GE Aerospace and Related Matters
Dear Representative Mike Turner,
I hope this message finds you well. In accordance with the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA, I am respectfully requesting all documentation and communication regarding matters related to GE Aerospace within your office, third-party correspondences, official statements, and other relevant offices under your jurisdiction. This request pertains to all material conducted over the past decade.)
As expressed in the principles of the FOIA, American citizens are of the opinion that open access to information is fundamental to the democratic ideals of the United States, allowing a transparent and accountable administration that acts in the best interest of its citizens. The request for disclosure of public records regarding GE Aerospace and its related entities or conversations will provide insights into how decisions and policies related to these entities have been influenced and executed.
In order to facilitate your compliance with this request, please consider the searching of responsive records regardless of format or medium. This includes
- Correspondence and communication related to GE Aerospace and its subsidiaries.
- Contracts, agreements, MOUs or other arrangements involving GE Aerospace.
- Financial reports or audits related to GE Aerospace.
- Legal opinions, policy statements, advocacy materials related to GE Aerospace.
Should you require clarification or simplification to expedite this request, please do not hesitate in reaching out. I am open to discussing any potential issues and will work amicably to ensure the minimal use of resources to comply with this request.
Pursuant to relevant statute, I look forward to a response within twenty working days of the receipt of this request. And I wish to add that it is my understanding that FOIA provides for fees to cover some administrative costs but also allows fee waivers or reductions if the release of these records is in the public interest. Given that the requested documents will be made available to the public free of charge, I ask that you waive any applicable fees. This letter is no consent to any arising fees, those must be disclosed by you beforehand.
Thank you for attention and prompt response to this matter.
Yours sincerely,
[Your Name]
[Your Contact Information]

3.2

Subject: Urgent: Freedom of Information Act Request on GE Aerospace Affairs
Dear Representative Turner,
Good day to you. I am writing to you under the provision of the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA to request copies of all documents, correspondences, meetings minutes, contracts, and any discussions or exchanges that relate directly or indirectly to the dealings of GE Aerospace within your jurisdiction and your office. This request includes any such dealings for the past ten years.)
As we are aware, the FOIA maintains that every American citizen has the right to inquire and be informed about the workings of the government and its various dealings. This stand is in accordance with the democratic tenets upon which our great nation is founded. Therefore, the motivation behind this request for the release of public documents about GE Aerospace is to foster transparency and accountability.
In order to make this exercise achievable, all documents and files in different formats or mediums should be considered. This includes, but is not limited to:

1. All correspondence involving or mentioning GE Aerospace.
2. Contracts and agreement letters involving between GE Aerospace and your office.
3. Financial transactions, audits, records, or statements involving GE Aerospace.
4. Legal advice given, policy statements, procedures, and memoranda that concern GE Aerospace.

I will appreciate your urgent consideration and fulfillment of this request. Should there be any ambiguities, please don't hesitate to reach out for clarification. I am aware of the work involved and will take action to ensure the work involved is streamlined. As evident, it is my understanding that FOIA provides for fees to cover some administrative costs but also allows fee waivers or reductions if the release of these records is in the public interest. Given that the requested documents will be made available to the public free of charge, I ask that you waive any applicable fees. This letter is no consent to any arising fees, those must be disclosed by you beforehand.
I look forward to your prompt response within twenty working days of your acknowledgment of this request, as stated in the FOIA laws and guidelines.
Your earliest response is highly appreciated.
Thank you for your time and service to our democratic ideals.
With regards,
[Your Name]
[Your Contact Information]

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• 4. N o r t h r o p G r u m m a n

4.1

Subject: FOIA Inquiry for Communication and Documentation Related to Northrop Grumman Corporation
Dear Representative Mike Turner,
I am writing this letter under the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. § 552, requesting all records, documentation, communication, and additional pertinent data in relation to Northrop Grumman Corporation, dating back to a ten-year period.)
This request is specific to, but not limited to:
- Internal and external correspondences related to Northrop Grumman Corporation.
- The undertaking of contracts, agreements, or any business dealings involving Northrop Grumman Corporation.
- Financial reports, audits, and financial disclosure information featuring Northrop Grumman Corporation.
- Any policy statements, legal opinions, or legislative documents that may link to Northrop Grumman Corporation.
The FOIA entitles every American citizen the right to be informed about the workings of their government, fostering transparency, accountability, and public trust. It is within these principles that such information on dealings with Northrop Grumman Corporation would be in the interest of the public.
Please note, the interest in this information is not exclusive to any particular type of format or storage medium. The request extends to all files that your office might maintain in any storage format pertaining to Northrop Grumman Corporation.
The federal law mandates a response within twenty working days following the day of the receipt of this request. Please provide a receipt confirmation of this request. If it is not possible to provide the information within that time frame, please promptly notify me with the expected delivery date.
If any fees are to be involved in the procurement of these documents, please inform me beforehand. It is my understanding that FOIA provides for fees to cover some administrative costs but also allows fee waivers or reductions if the release of these records is in the public interest. Given that the requested documents will be made available to the public free of charge, I ask that you waive any applicable fees. This letter is no consent to any arising fees, those must be disclosed by you beforehand.
Should any part of this request be denied, please cite the specific exemptions that justify the refusal to release the information and inform me of appeal procedures available under the law.
If further clarification is required in relation to this request, please feel free to get in contact with me.
Your assistance in this matter is greatly appreciated.
Yours sincerely,
[Your Name]
[Your Contact Information]

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• 5. L 3 H a r r i s

5.1

Subject: FOIA Request Pertaining to L3Harris
Dear Representative Mike Turner,
I write to you under the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. § 552 to request access and copies of all records, data, correspondences, contracts, agreements, and any other documents pertaining to L3Harris that have been held by your office over the past ten years.)
The above request includes, but is not limited to, documentation regarding:
- The awarding of contracts or negotiations thereof to L3Harris and its subsidiaries or related organizations.
- Communications both internal and external relating to policy-making or decision processes concerning L3Harris.
- Financial transactions, audits, or financial disclosures involving L3Harris.
- Legal narratives, advisories, or policy statements insofar as they relate to L3Harris.
It is my belief that such information is in the public interest and conducts the effective oversight of government activities, as dictated by the central principles of the FOIA.
Please consider that the records of interest may be held in various formats and as such, the search for responsive records should not be restricted to certain types of formats or storage mediums.
In the event that there are fees attached to the retrieval of the requested documents, I would be grateful if you would inform me of the total charges in advance of fulfilling my request.
Given the nature of the request and the law's provision of prompt responses, I would appreciate it if the information requested could be made available within the federal requirement of twenty working days.
Should my request be denied in whole or in part, I ask that you justify all deletions by reference to specific exemptions of the act. If necessary for clarification regarding this request, please feel free to contact me. Your office should respond within the statutory time period of 20 working days. If access to the records I have requested will take longer than this amount of time, please let me know and provide the reason for the delails.
Also it is my understanding that FOIA provides for fees to cover some administrative costs but also allows fee waivers or reductions if the release of these records is in the public interest. Given that the requested documents will be made available to the public free of charge, I ask that you waive any applicable fees. This letter is no consent to any arising fees, those must be disclosed by you beforehand.
Thank you for your time and attention to this matter.
Yours faithfully,
[Your Name]
[Your Contact Information]

5.2

Subject: FOIA Request: Grusch Hearing Information Concerning Northrop Grumman
Dear Representative Turner's Office,
I write to you in the spirit of openness and transparency, invoking my rights under the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. § 552. I hereby request any and all records concerning any communication or interaction (including but not limited to emails, meeting notes, minutes, recordings, contracts, and auxiliary documents between your office and Northrop Grumman Corporation regarding, or in any way connected to, the Grusch Hearings.)
It is keenly in the public interest to learn of any interactions between your office and any industry player, such as Northrop Grumman Corporation, related to these hearings. Transparency in this matter will only augment and enrich the public's understanding of these important proceedings.
Please note that a justification for your decision to release or withhold the requested documents, including an index of each item withheld, would be required should you withhold any document(s. This is as stated in Vaughn v. Rosen, 484 F.2d at 826 (1973 and is in line with the "clearly erroneous" standard of review in 5 U.S.C. § 552(a(4)(B).)))
Your office should respond within the statutory time period of 20 working days. If access to the records I have requested will take longer than this amount of time, please let me know and provide the reason for the details.
Also it is my understanding that FOIA provides for fees to cover some administrative costs but also allows fee waivers or reductions if the release of these records is in the public interest. Given that the requested documents will be made available to the public free of charge, I ask that you waive any applicable fees. This letter is no consent to any arising fees, those must be disclosed by you beforehand.
I look forward to your anticipated cooperation in this matter.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
[Your Contact Information]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

• 6. C E N T A U R I

6.1

Subject: Re: Vital Inquiries Regarding Centauri’s Involvement in the Grusch Hearings
Dear Representative Mike Turner,
I hope this correspondence finds you in good health. I am writing to you as a concerned citizen, troubled greatly by the lack of transparency surrounding Centauri's (now part of KBR involvement in the Grusch hearings.)
Under the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. § 552, I hereby submit a request for any and all records or communications regarding Centauri's role, responsibilities, and actions connected to the aforementioned hearings. As an esteemed member of the public office, I am certain you understand the implications of this issue and the duty we hold to the American public to shed light on this significant matter.)
Although Centauri is now a part of KBR, any communications, records, or other information relevant to the time before, during, or after the consolidation of the two entities would be of great value in satisfying public interest. My request includes, but is not limited to, internal and external correspondences, memos, documents, emails, or other records about or mentioning Centauri, KBR, or the Grusch hearings.
I recognize that Section 552(a(4(B) of the FOIA asserts that "a reasonable description" of records sought is required. Consequently, this request explicitly encompasses all relevant records, irrespective of form or format, that have been sent, received, or maintained by your office, regardless of information system or condition of storage.))
Given the potential gravity of the revelations to be unearthed from these documents, we can ill afford any ambiguity regarding this request. Compliance is therefore strongly encouraged in order to maintain faith in our democratic processes. The handling of this matter would be an unfortunate but necessary upheaval to your office, but I have every confidence in your ability to do so efficiently and effectively.
I look forward to your timely response, as FOIA lays out that an initial response is due within a 20-day period. Also it is my understanding that FOIA provides for fees to cover some administrative costs but also allows fee waivers or reductions if the release of these records is in the public interest. Given that the requested documents will be made available to the public free of charge, I ask that you waive any applicable fees. This letter is no consent to any arising fees, those must be disclosed by you beforehand.
Yours sincerely,
[Your Name]
[Your Contact Information]

<
Friday, August 21, 1999

• Gutierrez law clerk Ali Pournador interviews Tanveer. Ali's notes.
  
  • Annotations in red so that the reader can determine the difference between who is being interviewed and who is doing the interviewing, and what Tanveer said.
  • Tanveer confirms that Nisha remembered speaking to Adnan on January 13.
  • Tanveer said it is impossible to tell when Adnan is lying.
  • Tanveer's reddit conmment about having called Adnan a "masterful liar."
  • Rabia implied this snippet was from a Jay interview. As though Jay were associated with Tayib, when this is Tanveer being interviewed..
• Gutierrez law clerk Kaliope Parthemos visits Adnan. Kali's notes.
  
  • They discuss the prison taping that happened a few days earlier.
  • Adnan says he remembers talking to the track coach on the 13th about leading prayers on the 14th.
  • Adnan does not remember where he was when Young Lee & Officer Adcock called him; despite telling Sarah Koenig -- 16 years later -- that he remembers he was at Kristi's for the Adcock call as that's something you "never forget."
  • Adnan writes down his January 13 class schedule, as well as his part in the planning of Hae's WHS memorial.
  • Adnan emphasizes that Bettye Stuckey's college recommendation letter is dated 1/13, and can be found in Colbert and Flohr's Bail Hearing Prep files.

Monday, August 23, 1999

• Amended State's Disclosure Not Missing
  
  • Trial Events Log showing amended state's disclosure.
  • Statement of Lenscrafters Manager (#4) on the amended state's disclosure

Tuesday, August 24, 1999

• Report on Islamic Culture with Respects to Adnan Syed. This report was written by M.D. "Mandy" Johnson, the Missing Persons consultant Hae's uncle hired when it was a missing persons case.
  
  • Susan Simpson lied to law students at UMBC while sitting on a panel. She thought the public wouldn't see the date, so she told the audience that this report led to Adnan's arrest. Susan knew then and knows now that this document wasn't written until Adnan had been in jail for six months.

Wednesday, August 25, 1999

• Chris Flohr visits Adnan. Visitor Log.
  
• Kaliope Pathernos types notes from prison visit
  

Thursday, August 26, 1999

• No family visit?

Friday, August 27, 1999

• MD Johnson sends the August 24 Enehey Report to detectives.

Tuesday, August 31, 1999

• Evidence from Hae's clothing analyzed and logged in. No sexual contact

Thursday, September 2, 1999

• Tanveer visits Adnan. Weekly family visit.
  
• Bilal calls Cristina Gutierrez re: Urick's August 20 letter
  

Friday, September 3, 1999

• Amended State's Disclosure: Not Missing
  
  • State discloses witness list including Mark Pusateri, who did not testify, and Sharon Watts who planned to testify that Adnan faked a catatonic state.
  • Other witnesses include Detective O'Shea, Grant Graham, Lynette Woodley, and Young Lee.
  • #4 is Kristi Vinson. Is this when Gutierrez found out about Adnan and Jay's trip to Kristi's?
  • Trace analysis report confirming blood on shirt is human blood.
  • An accounting of Adnan's last pre-arrest interview is being written.
  • A DNA test may have been made. The state is checking.
  • Events log indicating date of this disclosure
  • Missing: The state communicated to Gutierrez its intent to use telephone records as business records on September 3, 1999 stating that "the records are available for inspection upon reasonable request."
• Defense:
  
  • Andrew Davis attempts to interview Jay. Jay refuses to talk to him. Davis note.
  • Andrew Davis, interviews "Neighbor Boy" Carter. Carter told Davis that he didn't see a girl's body in the trunk of a car and that he made it up. Carter's statement to Davis.
  • Defense Attorney - probably Mike Lewis - creates a spreadsheet of Adnan's call log.

Saturday, September 4, 1999

• Defense Task Assignment Sheet:
  
  • Indicates who was to do what.
  • Making a determination about the alibi was "Urgent."
  • Mike Lewis assigned to alibi.
  • Also re; subpoenas served for WHS to supply Stephanie's school records, and others.

Tuesday, September 7, 1999

• Defense Activities:
  
  • Letter: Gutierrez asks to set a date for viewing the crime scene photographs.
  • Letter: Urick responds that the defense can see the photographs on September 13. Gutierrez wants to schedule an evidence review with Adnan present.
  • Trial Events Log indicates the defense asked again for the identity of the key witness (Jay), and opposed the States motion to bar disclosure of Jay's identity and statements. Responding to the motion inlime was tasked to Mike Lewis.
  • Defense Attorney - maybe Mike Lewis - creates a spreadsheet of Adnan's call log.
  • Gutierrez writes the Rahmans asking for money. Per 9/4/1999 Task List
• Prosecution:
  
  • Jay pleads guilty and is convicted of Accessory After the Fact (to murder) at a hearing. Judge is Joseph McCurdy. -- Transcripts -- Screen shot of videotape.
  • The State of MD statement of facts in Jay's "Accessory After the Fact" charge and conviction.
  • Jay is told that the maximum sentence is five years in prison, but the most he will get is two years, if he tells the truth.. Per Jay, the agreement puts a cap on how many years he will have to spend behind bars.
  • Jay signs immunity agreement. It's not a plea deal. This means that Jay cannot plead the fifth on the stand, as he is immune from prosecution on accessory to murder charges..
  • Benaroya represents Jay
  • Charging document for Accessory after the Fact
  • Criminal Information Document
  • Case Information breakdown
• Detectives:
  
  • Ritz has yet to receive the map he asked Deanna to send. (Deanna is still off work from her car accident.)
  • Ritz's handwritten note says "give it to Sharon."
  • Ritz sends a fax: to Sharon Daly (AT&T) that is essentially a repeat of the "Deanna note."
  • Ritz is asking for a map of cell sites triggered by Adnan's phone on January 12 and 13 -- in advance of a subpoena for an expert to appear at trial. Ritz writes on the fax: "Give it to Sharon."

Wednesday, September 8, 1999

• Brady Hearing with Judge Quarles
  
  • Defense motions re: discovery is heard and held per Page 5 of Trial Events Log
  • Video screen grab of hearing
  • Screen shot of tape of hearing.

Thursday, September 9, 1999

• Weekly Family visit day. No family visit?

Friday, September 10, 1999

• Judge Quarles decision re: Adnan not being entitled to Jay's statements until after Jay testifies
  
• Court orders prosecution to hand over any statements made by Adnan. Since Adnan didn't make any statements, there is nothing to hand over.
  

Monday, September 13, 1999

• Amended State's Disclosure: Missing Trial Events Log
  
  • State discloses that Jay has entered an immunity agreement.
• Defense views crimes scene photographs at Urick's office.
  

Tuesday, September 14, 1999

• Detective MacGillvary types memo re; his February 26 interview with Adnan.

Thursday, September 16, 1999

• No family visit?

Friday, September 17, 1999

• Cristina Gutierrez and Rita P. visit Adnan re: Protective Custody.
  
  • Gutierrez letter to Prison Security re; the visit
  • Gutierrez's seventh face to face meeting with Adnan.
• Email fragment re; discovery. Urick says no new discovery avail.
  

Monday, September 20, 1999

• Gutierrez and Mike Lewis tour the Leakin Park crime scene with city surveyor Buddemeyer. Private investigator Andrew Davis videotapes.

Tuesday, September 21, 1999

• Tanveer visits Adnan. Visitor Log Weekly Family Visits moved to Tuesdays? Last Record of a Family Visit because the log we have ends on October 5.

Thursday, September 23, 1999

• Ritz receives Airborne Express package from Sharon Daly (AT&T) containing the maps he requested on September 7.
  
  • These are the maps he has been asking for since March 2, in the Deanna Note (that was included with the Yaser Cell Phone subpoena.)
  • Since March 2, Ritz has been requesting maps for towers triggered on January 12 and 13.
  • Sharon writes that she has included a map with towers triggered on January 12 highlighted, a map with towers triggered on January 13 highlighted, a map with both days highlighted, and a map with no highlighting.
  • Sharon includes the list of tower addresses that was sent by Rose on February 22.
  • Using Streets Plus Auto Map, Sharon Daly mapped the addresses of cell towers. Streets Plus Automaps led Daly to misidentify the Dorchester tower. [MPIA Pages 1512-1520].
  • As explained here.
  • MPIA Pages: 1482-1496 are copies of the contents of the 9/23 Airborne Express package.
  • MPIA Pages: 1497-1511 are also copies of the contents of the 9/23 Airborne Express package.
• Ritz faxes subpoena to AT&T for an expert to appear at trial on October 13, Adnan's original trial date
  

Friday, September 24, 1999

• Amended State's Disclosure: Missing Per Page 5 of the Trial Events Log
  
  • According to the state's 10-13 recap, this disclosure indicated that DNA could not be tested because none was present, and they have filed a request for a new DNA test.
• Defense:
  
  • Gutierrez files Motion for Review of No Bail status; lists all the properties forfeited if Adnan skips bail.
  • Defense Subpoenas Lenscrafters for Hae and Don's Timecards.
  • This subpoena was supposed to be sealed and not available to the prosecution. But prosecutors filed a similar request.
  • Defense serves the first batch of subpoenas to Jay's boss and Mr. S's boss, as well as Debbie, Aisha, Saad, Becky, and Krista.
  • Will never received his subpoena. He had graduated and could no longer be reached at WHS.
• Detectives:
  
  • Subpoena that was faxed to AT&T for an expert to appear at trial - did not go through
  • Forensic Evidence Chain of Custody: Stangroom
  • Forensic Evidence Chain of Custody: Bianca

Monday, September 27, 1999

• Ordered that defendant's motions submitted under seal on 9/24/1999 shall remain sealed per Judge Quarles (per Page 5 of the Trial Events Log
  
• Detective Ritz re-faxes subpoena for an expert from AT&T to appear at trial on October 13, Adnan's original trial date
  
• Melissa Stangroom begins DNA testing of the bloody shirt per the November 16, 1999 disclosure
  
• Bloody shirt inventoried and analyzed, Adnan's blood and Jay's blood inventoried/stored.
  
• Stangroom Chain of Custody sign out
  

Tuesday, September 28, 1999

• At some point after sending the September 27 subpoena, prosecutors are notified that Abe Waranowitz is the expert assigned by AT&T. Waranowitz designed the AT&T network in West Baltimore.
  
• Melissa Stangroom continues DNA testing of the bloody shirt per the November 16, 1999 disclosure
  

Wednesday, September 29, 1999

• Urick notifies Gutierrez that there are additional crime scene photos available.
  
• Evidence List Printed
  
• Melissa Stangroom continues DNA testing of the bloody shirt per the November 16, 1999 disclosure
  
• Bilal calls Gutierrez re: returning Lewis's phone call. He says there is only one number where he can be reached.
  

Thursday, September 30, 1999

• Dr. Korrell reports the the state of the victim's body at the time of autopsy was consistent with the date of her disappearance.
  
• No weekly family visit?
  

Friday, October 1, 1999

• Amended State's Disclosure: Not Missing
  
  • Dr. Rodriguez orally reported that the state of Hae's body at the time she was found, was consistent with the date she disappeared.
  • The original request for DNA typing could not be processed, and that results of a new request are not expected for 6-8 weeks.
  • Prosecution discloses that the state will call a witness from AT&T wireless, but they do not know who AT&T will send.
  • Items in Hae's glove box, her black shoes, and papers from the trunk of her car had been previously undisclosed.
  • Hae's homework is available for the defense to review.
  • Adnan's homework is available for the defense to review.
  • DNA tests of Adnan, Hae and Jay's blood (to compare to DNA on the shirt) will not be ready until after the trial date.
  • The state subpoenaed Don's work records and defense could review them once received.
• Prosecution requests to admit excerpts from Hae's Diary at trial. Missing Trial Events Log
  
• Melissa Stangroom continues DNA testing of the bloody shirt per the November 16, 1999 disclosure
  

Monday, October 4, 1999

• Defense Activities:
  
  • Defense receives the entire diary.
  • Undated: Defense Attorney "To Do" List includes asking Adnan about the diary and "bad acts." This looks to be Mike Lewis's "To Do" List.
  • Gutierrez sends Urick a list of Alibi Witnesses
  • Lenscrafters sends timecards to the defense. These timecards do not show Don working on the 13th.
• State:
  
  • Lenscrafters sends timecards to the State. These timecards do not show Don working on the 13th.
  • Melissa Stangroom continues DNA testing of the bloody shirt per the November 16, 1999 disclosure

Tuesday, October 5, 1999

• 2:12PM: Urick sends Alibi/Witness letter to Ritz
  
• Melissa Stangroom continues DNA testing of the bloody shirt per the November 16, 1999 disclosure
  

Wednesday, October 6, 1999

• Kali P interviews Adnan.
  
  • Adnan suggests that Jay killed Hae because Hae threatened to tell Stephanie about Jay's cheating. This claim made it into Gutierrez's opening argument, but was only ever suggested by Adnan.
  • (Up until September 26, 2018, we only had this snippet from Rabia.)
• Lenscrafters sends Don's Hunt Valley timecard to the Defense. This is the additional timecard showing Don working on the 13th.
  
• 5PM: Detectives print detention center record. While family may have continued to visit Adnan, we do not have a record of prison visits past this date.
  

Thursday October 7, 1999

• State:
  
  • Lenscrafters sends Don's Hunt Valley timecard to the State. This is the additional timecard showing Don working on the 13th.
  • Lenscrafters includes the timecards of Don's alibis, the 2 other lab techs, who worked with him that day: Deborah and Charles
  • At some point between September 28 and October 7, prosecutors are notified that Abe Waranowitz will be the AT&T expert at trial.
  • Melissa Stangroom continues DNA testing of the bloody shirt per the November 16, 1999 disclosure
• Defense:
  
  • Undated: Defense Attorney To Do List includes asking Adnan about the diary and "bad acts." Looks to be Mike Lewis's "To Do" list.

Friday, October 8, 1999

• Drive Test (to determine which antennae "pinged" from each one of 12 different locations):
  
  • Waranowitz, Prosecutor Kathleen Murphy, Jay, and Anthony Vietz drive the areas visited by Jay and Adnan on January 13th, as directed by Jay.
  • Waranowitz performs the test using equipment that looks for the antennae, the way a cell phone would.
  • Progress Report.
  • Drive test results of Rolling Road Area.
  • Drive test results of area around Kristi's house.(Ex 45 used at Trial 2.
  • (Partial) Visual Rendering of one of the drive tests
• Date of Waranowitz's fedex receipt indicating he sent CG the overlay on this day, and it was signed for.
  
• Urick's Letter to AT&T Requesting Certification of Adnan's Cell Phone Records
  
• Per this 10-21-1999 letter from Gutierrez, the state sent two separate disclosures on this date.
  
• Amended State's Disclosure: Not Missing
  
  • Per Abe, a cell phone located at:
  • Woodlawn High School triggers L651A
  • Rolling Road & I-70 triggers L651C or L698A
  • Jen's house triggers L654A or L651B
  • Security Square mall triggers L651C and parts of L698A
  • Kristi's apartment triggers L608C or L655A
  • Briarclift Nissan/burial staging area triggers L648C or L689B
  • Best Buy triggers L651C
  • Crosby and I-695 triggers L654C and L651B
  • A cell phone at the I-70 Park n Ride triggers L651B at the west end and L689C at the east end.
• Amended State's Disclosure: Missing Per State's 10-13-199 Disclosures Recap
  
  • Melissa Stangroom will be called as a DNA expert, and has reported that the blood on the shirt does not match Adnan or Jay.
  • The state disclosed that it intended to call Abe Waranowitz as an expert witness.
• Melissa Stangroom continues DNA testing of the bloody shirt per the November 16 disclosure
  

Saturday, October 9, 1999

• Kali P. is back at the prison, interviewing Adnan, following up on things Adnan said during the October 6 interview.
  
  • Kali asks Adnan some tough, frank questions about things Hae says in her diary; addresses "bad acts" referenced in the October 7 defense memo.
  • Adnan tells Kali that he and Hae would have sex at the Best Buy, after school, before she picked up her cousin.
  • [This despite Adnan telling Sarah Koenig that he would never ask Hae for a ride after school because she took that task very seriously and wouldn't do anything between school getting out, and the cousin pick up.]
  • This is the first time Adnan has read the diary.

Monday, October 11, 1999

• Gutierrez requests cell tower map from AT&T, despite Waranowitz having fedexed the overlay on October 8.
  
• On or before this date, Bilal's brother-in-law hired a PI to trail Bilal.
  

Tuesday, October 12, 1999

• Morning: The PI hired by Bilal's brother in law, reports suspicious activity with a minor, to police.
  
• Defense moves for a continuance based on not receiving the diary until October 6, and the fact that Jay has an immunity agreement that could contain exculpatory information.
  
• AT&T rep signs affidavit certifying that Adan's cell phone records are from Adnan's cell phone.
  
  • This document became Exhibit 31
• Evidence List Printed. (For defense or state?)
  

Wednesday, October 13, 1999

• Following Bilal's Brother-in-law's PI's police report, police surveil Bilal.
  
• Original start date for Adnan's trial
  
  • State opposes a continuance; lists disclosures
  • Gutierrez is notified that a continuance has been denied and the case is assigned to Judge Quarles per Urick's request

Thursday, October 14, 1999

• Police surveil Bilal, and discover him in a van, pants down, with a minor.
  
  • When taken to the police station, and shown pictures from Bilal's wallet, the boy identifies Adnan.
  • Bilal arrested; not charged. (fourth degree sex offense). City homicide detectives copy Bilal's license.
  • Amended State's Disclosure: Not Missing
• Judge Quarles calls Gutierrez. Says he will have a new trial date later that afternoon.
  
  • Court grants a continuance of Adnan's trial until December 7, 1999
• Supplemental Analysis Report on Hae's clothes. Clothes were undamaged. No sexual assault.
  

Friday, October 15, 1999

• Hae Min Lee 19th Birthday

Monday, October 16, 1999

• Defense works on Track Alibi:
  
  • Drew Davis calls Gutierrez and leaves names of Track Team
  • Gutierrez associate Kaliope P. works on the Track alibi
  • Colin Miller's version
  • Colin Miller's version

Sunday, October 17, 1999

• Gutierrez associate "SS" indicates that Bilal was not charged.

Monday, October 18, 1999

• Pre-Trial Hearing(s) in front of Quarles and Mitchell.
  
  • Screen shot of videotape of hearing.
  • Hearing in front of Mitchell would have had something to do with bail.

Tuesday, October 19, 1999

• Melissa Stangroom continues DNA testing of the bloody shirt per the November 16 disclosure

Wednesday, October 20, 1999

• Defense demands:
  
  • AT&T/Waranowitz's maps, test, analysis, CV and contact information.
  • to know what calls and times will be presented at trial, and if Waranowitz has ever been disqualified from testing.
• Melissa Stangroom continues DNA testing of the bloody shirt per the November 16 disclosure
  

Thursday, October 21, 1999

• Melissa Stangroom continues DNA testing of the bloody shirt per the November 16 disclosure

Friday, October 22, 1999

• [Missing]: Gutierrez writes to prosecutors demanding to see all the evidence collected in connection with the case.
  
• Melissa Stangroom continues DNA testing of the bloody shirt per the November 16 disclosure
  

Thursday, October 28, 1999

• Amended State's Disclosure: Not Missing
  
  • Waranowitz's name is disclosed, even though it was already disclosed on October 8.
  • The fact that Waranowitz did a drive test is disclosed
  • Note: Waranowitz testified he sent the overlay to Gutierrez on October 8.
• Missing: Defense memo confirms that Gutierrez reviewed the state's file on this date.
  

Friday, October 29, 1999

• Defense requests disclosure re: DNA testing results for shirt

Sunday, October 31, 1999

• Halloween. One year anniversary of the homecoming dance break-up.

Monday, November 1, 1999

• Crimestoppers paid $3,075 to a tipster who implicated Adnan. $575 was from Crimestoppers. Balance paid by the Korean Community Donations.

Tuesday, November 2, 1999

• [Missing]: Also contained in Gutierrez's file is a 4-page table, dated November 2, 1999 compiling and commenting on records of Syed's cell phone use on January 13, 1999... The document lists call times, dialed numbers, names, call durations, cell site codes... demonstrating that Gutierrez and her team were actively scrutinizing this evidence.
  
• Melissa Stangroom continues DNA testing of the bloody shirt per the November 16 disclosure
  

Wednesday, November 3, 1999

• 11:15AM: Gutierrez and Associates are in the Baltimore City Police HQ basement. They record their review of all the evidence.
  
  • Gutierrez had requested Adnan be present for this.
  • We only have Rabia snippets of the evidence review.
  • Snippet: Items viewed on 11/3 and transcribed on 11/11
  • Snippet: Items viewed on 11/3 and transcribed on 11/12
  • Snippet: Items viewed on 11/3 and transcribed on 11/13
  • List of all evidence and subsequent testing
• Melissa Stangroom continues DNA testing of the bloody shirt per the November 16 disclosure
  

Thursday, November 4, 1999

• Melissa Stangroom continues DNA testing of the bloody shirt per the November 16 disclosure

Friday, November 5, 1999

• Melissa Stangroom continues DNA testing of the bloody shirt per the November 16 disclosure

Monday, November 8, 1999

• 10AM: Gutierrez's Associates are in the Baltimore City Police HQ basement, record a review of the evidence disclosed. Per Lotus Notes
  
  • Gutierrez requested Adnan be present.
  • Snippet: Items viewed on 11/8 and transcribed on 11/11
  • Snippet: Items viewed on 11/8 and transcribed on 11/12
  • Snippet: Items viewed on 11/8 and transcribed on 11/13
  • Snippet: Items viewed on 11/8 and transcribed on 11/13 by Mike Lewis
  • List of all evidence and subsequent testing
• Melissa Stangroom continues DNA testing of the bloody shirt per the November 16 disclosure
  

Tuesday, November 9, 1999

• Amended State's Disclosure: Not Missing
  
  • DNA results won't be ready until November 15
• Melissa Stangroom continues DNA testing of the bloody shirt per the November 16 disclosure
  

Thursday, November 11, 1999

• Evidence Review Transcribed:
  
  • Snippet: Items viewed on 11/3 and transcribed on 11/11
  • Snippet: Items viewed on 11/8 and transcribed on 11/11
  • List of all evidence and subsequent testing

Friday, November 12, 1999

• Evidence Review Transcribed:
  
  • Snippet: Items viewed on 11/3 and transcribed on 11/12
  • Snippet: Items viewed on 11/8 and transcribed on 11/12
  • List of all evidence and subsequent testing

Saturday, November 13, 1999

• Evidence Review Transcribed:
  
  • Snippet: Items viewed on 11/3 and transcribed on 11/13
  • Snippet: Items viewed on 11/8 and transcribed on 11/13
  • Snippet: Items viewed on 11/8 and transcribed on 11/13 by Mike Lewis
  • List of all evidence and subsequent testing

Monday, November 15, 1999

• Maryland State Police Crime Lab reports: DNA from the blood on the shirt matches Hae, but not Adnan or Jay

Monday, November 16, 1999

• Amended State's Disclosure Not Missing
  
  • Adnan's DNA does not match the bloody shirt found in Hae's car
  • Jay's DNA does not match the bloody shirt found in Hae's car.
  • Breakdown of November 16, 1999 Disclosure:
  • Cover Sheet
  • Stangroom's 2-page report dated November 15, 1999
  • Stangroom's 3-page resume
  • Stangroom's Testing Notes beginning September 27, 1999 and ending November 15, 1999 (33 pages)
  • Maryland State Police Crime Laboratory Procedures for Chemiluminescent Detection of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms in Human DNA. Dated April, 1998, and inclusive of Appendixes A, B, C, D, E, G, & H. (96 pages)
  • Technical Article (17 pages)
  • Technical Article (3 page)

November 23, 1999

• Mr. S February 18 & 24 polygraphs prepared for disclosure to the defense.

Thursday, December 2, 1999

• Salvatore Bianca reports: none of the hairs tested match Adnan's hair. Trace Analysis Report
  
• Hope Schab calls Gutierrez's office; asks when she will testify for the defense.
  

Monday, December 6, 1999

• Detectives meet with Gutierrez to review evidence

Tuesday, December 7, 1999

• Waranowitz sends a nine page fax to Gutierrez including:
  
  • Page 1: Waranowitz's resume
  • Page 2: A list of seven cell sites with the site name, addresses, latitude and longitude for those sites.
  • Page 3: "Are the error call report from that date." (January 13)
  • Page 4: State's exhibit 45
  • Page 5: State's exhibit 44
  • Pages 6, 7, 8 & 9: Cell sites along with their frequency plan ie: technical data relating to the cell sites.
  • Urick recaps this fax at trial.
• (Bilal's wife files for divorce. Bilal counterfiles.)
  

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