Notes:

I am EXTREMELY busy. I try to check my messages at least once per day, but sometimes it could take up to 3-4 days. Please be patient if I don't get back to you immediately. Thank you!
I buy only in Unrevealed Key Link Format or Plain Steam Keys. No gift links.
For PayPal, I am in the US region and I only send via G&S. Please note there will be PayPal fees (including international/conversion and purchasing fees) to consider.
All games that you sell to me should ideally be REGION-FREE. Please ensure the games are not region-locked/bound to a specific country.
You must be willing to fill a spreadsheet with steam keys.

I pay with the following:
TF2 & PayPal

I BUY HB Games	with TF2	with PayPal	Currently Active Humble Bundle?
7 Days to Die	0.8 TF2	$1.56 PP	-
A Little To The Left	2.1 TF2	$3.98 PP	-
Alien: Isolation	1.5 TF2	$2.93 PP	-
Aliens: Fireteam Elite	1.4 TF2	$2.69 PP	-
Arma 3	4.2 TF2	$7.95 PP	-
Assetto Corsa Ultimate Edition	1.9 TF2	$3.56 PP	-
Automobilista 2	1.6 TF2	$3.03 PP	-
BIOMUTANT	1.4 TF2	$2.75 PP	-
BROFORCE	0.8 TF2	$1.46 PP	-
Baldur's Gate II: Enhanced Edition	0.8 TF2	$1.43 PP	-
Baldur's Gate: Enhanced Edition	0.8 TF2	$1.44 PP	-
Barony	2.6 TF2	$4.9 PP	-
Barotrauma	3.8 TF2	$7.26 PP	-
Batman - The Telltale Series	1.3 TF2	$2.43 PP	-
Batman Arkham Collection	1.1 TF2	$2.08 PP	-
Batman: Arkham Origins	0.6 TF2	$1.21 PP	-
Batman™: Arkham Knight Premium Edition	1.0 TF2	$1.83 PP	-
Bayonetta	0.7 TF2	$1.34 PP	-
Beyond Two Souls	1.7 TF2	$3.31 PP	-
Blasphemous	1.4 TF2	$2.69 PP	-
Bloodstained: Ritual of the Night	0.5 TF2	$0.91 PP	-
Borderlands 3 Super Deluxe Edition	4.9 TF2	$9.36 PP	-
Borderlands 3	3.1 TF2	$5.88 PP	-
Borderlands: The Handsome Collection	3.0 TF2	$5.73 PP	-
Builder Simulator	0.4 TF2	$0.78 PP	-
Celeste	0.8 TF2	$1.57 PP	-
Chernobylite Enhanced Edition	0.9 TF2	$1.78 PP	-
Cities: Skylines	2.2 TF2	$4.18 PP	-
Code Vein	1.2 TF2	$2.26 PP	-
Conan Exiles	2.5 TF2	$4.79 PP	-
Contractors	2.9 TF2	$5.56 PP	-
Control Ultimate Edition	2.6 TF2	$4.85 PP	-
Crusader Kings III	4.4 TF2	$8.38 PP	-
DARK SOULS™ II: Scholar of the First Sin	4.8 TF2	$9.15 PP	-
DEATH STRANDING DIRECTOR'S CUT	4.4 TF2	$8.34 PP	-
DRAGON BALL XENOVERSE 2	2.3 TF2	$4.44 PP	-
Dark Souls III	7.2 TF2	$13.74 PP	-
Dark Souls III: Deluxe Edition	9.9 TF2	$18.86 PP	-
DayZ	10.6 TF2	$20.07 PP	-
Dead Island - Definitive Edition	0.8 TF2	$1.52 PP	-
Dead Island Definitive Collection	0.9 TF2	$1.72 PP	-
Dead Island Riptide Definitive Edition	0.7 TF2	$1.24 PP	-
Dead by Daylight	3.1 TF2	$5.97 PP	-
Deep Rock Galactic	3.0 TF2	$5.62 PP	-
Destiny 2: Beyond Light	1.0 TF2	$1.85 PP	-
Destiny 2: Bungie 30th Anniversary Pack	1.3 TF2	$2.47 PP	-
Destiny 2: Forsaken Pack	1.0 TF2	$1.9 PP	-
Destiny 2: Lightfall	4.0 TF2	$7.55 PP	-
Destiny 2: Shadowkeep	1.0 TF2	$1.93 PP	-
Destiny 2: The Witch Queen	2.0 TF2	$3.85 PP	-
Destroy All Humans! 2 - Reprobed	0.7 TF2	$1.4 PP	-
Devil May Cry HD Collection	1.8 TF2	$3.45 PP	-
Devil May Cry® 4 Special Edition	1.4 TF2	$2.74 PP	-
DiRT Rally	0.8 TF2	$1.51 PP	-
Disco Elysium - The Final Cut	1.6 TF2	$2.95 PP	-
Doom Eternal	2.2 TF2	$4.17 PP	-
Dragon Ball FighterZ	2.0 TF2	$3.79 PP	-
Dragons Dogma - Dark Arisen	0.9 TF2	$1.77 PP	-
Dungeon Defenders	3.0 TF2	$5.78 PP	-
EARTH DEFENSE FORCE 5	4.3 TF2	$8.2 PP	-
ELEX II	0.8 TF2	$1.57 PP	-
Europa Universalis IV	3.2 TF2	$6.16 PP	-
Expeditions: Rome	0.5 TF2	$0.89 PP	-
FTL: Faster Than Light	0.7 TF2	$1.41 PP	-
Fallout: A Post Nuclear Role Playing Game	0.4 TF2	$0.81 PP	-
Farming Simulator 19	2.2 TF2	$4.23 PP	-
For The King	0.5 TF2	$0.92 PP	-
Forager	0.8 TF2	$1.58 PP	-
Frostpunk	0.8 TF2	$1.51 PP	-
GRID 2	1.9 TF2	$3.66 PP	-
Gang Beasts	2.6 TF2	$4.97 PP	-
Gas Station Simulator	3.1 TF2	$5.8 PP	-
Generation Zero®	0.7 TF2	$1.36 PP	-
Ghostwire Tokyo	1.4 TF2	$2.69 PP	-
Goat Simulator	0.4 TF2	$0.8 PP	-
Golf It!	1.8 TF2	$3.42 PP	-
Gotham Knights	1.5 TF2	$2.83 PP	-
Graveyard Keeper	0.5 TF2	$0.9 PP	-
Grim Dawn	2.5 TF2	$4.66 PP	-
Hell Let Loose	7.1 TF2	$13.47 PP	-
Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice	1.4 TF2	$2.69 PP	-
Hitman Absolution	0.4 TF2	$0.79 PP	-
Hollow Knight	3.4 TF2	$6.43 PP	-
Homeworld Remastered Collection	0.4 TF2	$0.78 PP	-
Hotline Miami	0.5 TF2	$0.87 PP	-
House Flipper	2.0 TF2	$3.89 PP	-
Injustice 2 Legendary Edition	0.6 TF2	$1.2 PP	-
Into the Radius VR	2.9 TF2	$5.5 PP	-
Jurassic World Evolution 2	2.7 TF2	$5.19 PP	-
Just Cause 3 XXL Edition	1.4 TF2	$2.63 PP	-
Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes	1.7 TF2	$3.16 PP	-
Kerbal Space Program	1.1 TF2	$2.07 PP	-
Killing Floor 2	0.6 TF2	$1.14 PP	-
Kingdom: Two Crowns	1.5 TF2	$2.94 PP	-
LEGO Marvel Super Heroes 2 - Deluxe Edition	0.9 TF2	$1.77 PP	-
LEGO Star Wars : The Complete Saga	0.6 TF2	$1.17 PP	-
LEGO Star Wars III: The Clone Wars	0.6 TF2	$1.22 PP	-
LEGO® City Undercover	0.7 TF2	$1.3 PP	-
LEGO® Jurassic World™	0.8 TF2	$1.57 PP	-
Lethal League Blaze	1.8 TF2	$3.44 PP	-
Life is Strange 2 Complete Season	1.4 TF2	$2.72 PP	-
Life is Strange: True Colors	1.5 TF2	$2.82 PP	-
Little Nightmares	1.1 TF2	$2.06 PP	-
Loop Hero	0.8 TF2	$1.44 PP	-
METAL GEAR SOLID V: THE PHANTOM PAIN	3.3 TF2	$6.31 PP	-
METAL GEAR SOLID V: The Definitive Experience	3.5 TF2	$6.61 PP	-
Mad Max	0.7 TF2	$1.3 PP	-
Mafia: Definitive Edition	2.4 TF2	$4.56 PP	-
Mass Effect™ Legendary Edition	4.7 TF2	$8.87 PP	-
MechWarrior 5: Mercenaries	2.6 TF2	$4.89 PP	-
Men of War: Assault Squad 2 Deluxe Edition	1.3 TF2	$2.4 PP	-
Metro 2033 Redux	0.5 TF2	$0.92 PP	-
Metro Exodus	1.3 TF2	$2.47 PP	-
Metro Redux Bundle	0.7 TF2	$1.25 PP	-
Middle-earth™: Shadow of War™ Definitive Edition	0.9 TF2	$1.65 PP	-
Midnight Ghost Hunt	0.8 TF2	$1.45 PP	-
Monster Hunter World: Iceborne	~~3.5 TF2~~ Refer To My Other Thread	~~$6.73 PP~~ Refer To My Other Thread	Monster Hunter: World & Rise Saga Bundle
Monster Hunter: World	~~2.0 TF2~~ Refer To My Other Thread	~~$3.87 PP~~ Refer To My Other Thread	Monster Hunter: World & Rise Saga Bundle
Mordhau	1.9 TF2	$3.6 PP	-
Mortal Kombat XL	0.6 TF2	$1.13 PP	-
Mortal Shell	0.5 TF2	$0.97 PP	-
NASCAR Heat 5 - Ultimate Edition	0.4 TF2	$0.75 PP	-
NBA 2K23	5.3 TF2	$10.16 PP	-
Naruto Shippuden: Ultimate Ninja Storm 4	2.2 TF2	$4.18 PP	-
Naruto to Boruto Shinobi Striker	0.9 TF2	$1.76 PP	-
Nioh 2 - The Complete Edition	2.7 TF2	$5.18 PP	-
Nobody Saves the World	0.5 TF2	$0.95 PP	-
Northgard	2.4 TF2	$4.5 PP	-
Orcs Must Die! 3	1.6 TF2	$3.01 PP	-
Outlast 2	0.9 TF2	$1.68 PP	-
Overcooked! 2	1.2 TF2	$2.3 PP	-
PC Building Simulator	0.6 TF2	$1.14 PP	-
PGA TOUR 2K21	0.9 TF2	$1.8 PP	-
Plague Inc: Evolved	1.9 TF2	$3.56 PP	-
Planet Coaster	2.4 TF2	$4.59 PP	-
Planet Zoo	2.5 TF2	$4.75 PP	-
PlateUp!	1.0 TF2	$1.85 PP	-
Prison Architect	2.7 TF2	$5.14 PP	-
Project Wingman	1.5 TF2	$2.94 PP	-
RESIDENT EVIL 3	2.0 TF2	$3.76 PP	-
Rain World	0.9 TF2	$1.78 PP	-
Remnant: From the Ashes - Complete Edition	2.5 TF2	$4.69 PP	-
Resident Evil 4 Ultimate HD Edition	1.0 TF2	$1.83 PP	-
Resident Evil 5 GOLD Edition	1.1 TF2	$2.04 PP	-
Resident Evil 6	1.3 TF2	$2.46 PP	-
Resident Evil® 5	1.7 TF2	$3.18 PP	-
Rising Storm 2: Vietnam	0.5 TF2	$0.9 PP	-
Road 96	0.5 TF2	$1.02 PP	-
SCUM	4.7 TF2	$8.86 PP	-
STAR WARS® THE FORCE UNLEASHED II	0.6 TF2	$1.11 PP	-
STAR WARS™ Knights of the Old Republic™ II - The Sith Lords™	0.5 TF2	$0.91 PP	-
Satisfactory	5.0 TF2	$9.55 PP	-
Scorn	0.8 TF2	$1.49 PP	-
Sid Meier's Civilization VI	1.2 TF2	$2.33 PP	-
Slay the Spire	2.5 TF2	$4.79 PP	-
Sleeping Dogs™ Definitive Edition	1.0 TF2	$1.95 PP	-
Slime Rancher	1.1 TF2	$2.11 PP	-
Sniper Elite 4	1.0 TF2	$1.96 PP	-
Space Engineers	2.6 TF2	$4.91 PP	-
Spec Ops: The Line	4.3 TF2	$8.21 PP	-
SpeedRunners	0.4 TF2	$0.82 PP	-
Spintires: MudRunner	1.0 TF2	$1.85 PP	-
Squad	6.7 TF2	$12.77 PP	-
Star Wars Republic Commando™	0.4 TF2	$0.82 PP	-
Star Wars: Jedi Knight: Jedi Academy	0.4 TF2	$0.71 PP	-
Star Wars® Empire at War™: Gold Pack	0.6 TF2	$1.09 PP	-
State of Decay 2: Juggernaut Edition	4.9 TF2	$9.37 PP	-
Stellaris	3.3 TF2	$6.25 PP	-
Stellaris: Federations	2.7 TF2	$5.11 PP	-
Streets of Rogue	0.5 TF2	$0.91 PP	-
Subnautica	5.3 TF2	$10.08 PP	-
Sunset Overdrive	0.8 TF2	$1.52 PP	-
TEKKEN 7	1.9 TF2	$3.56 PP	-
The Ascent	0.6 TF2	$1.18 PP	-
The Dark Pictures Anthology: House of Ashes	1.3 TF2	$2.42 PP	-
The Dark Pictures Anthology: Man of Medan	2.2 TF2	$4.21 PP	-
The Escapists 2	~~1.0 TF2~~ Refer To My Other Thread	~~$1.89 PP~~ Refer To My Other Thread	Team17: From Gold Greens to Battle Scenes Bundle
The Jackbox Party Pack 3	2.3 TF2	$4.45 PP	-
The Jackbox Party Pack 5	2.3 TF2	$4.33 PP	-
The Jackbox Party Pack 7	3.6 TF2	$6.81 PP	-
The LEGO® Movie Videogame	0.4 TF2	$0.73 PP	-
The Mortuary Assistant	3.9 TF2	$7.41 PP	-
The Outer Worlds: Spacer's Choice Edition	2.7 TF2	$5.1 PP	-
The Quarry Deluxe Edition	2.7 TF2	$5.21 PP	-
The Universim	3.0 TF2	$5.78 PP	-
The Walking Dead: A New Frontier	0.7 TF2	$1.42 PP	-
The Walking Dead: Season Two	0.4 TF2	$0.79 PP	-
The Walking Dead: The Final Season	1.2 TF2	$2.25 PP	-
The Walking Dead: The Telltale Definitive Series	3.4 TF2	$6.41 PP	-
The Witness	0.8 TF2	$1.58 PP	-
The Wolf Among Us	1.3 TF2	$2.53 PP	-
Total War SHOGUN 2 Collection	1.8 TF2	$3.48 PP	-
Total War: Attila	1.6 TF2	$3.12 PP	-
Total War: Napoleon - Definitive Edition	1.6 TF2	$3.05 PP	-
Total War: ROME II - Emperor Edition	2.5 TF2	$4.68 PP	-
Total War™: WARHAMMER®	3.1 TF2	$5.96 PP	-
Totally Accurate Battle Simulator	1.7 TF2	$3.23 PP	-
Trailmakers	0.7 TF2	$1.37 PP	-
Tropico 6	1.6 TF2	$3.03 PP	-
Two Point Campus	1.0 TF2	$1.83 PP	-
Ultimate Chicken Horse	1.6 TF2	$2.96 PP	-
Unpacking	0.9 TF2	$1.8 PP	-
Unrailed!	0.9 TF2	$1.74 PP	-
VTOL VR	4.6 TF2	$8.76 PP	-
Victoria 3	1.4 TF2	$2.72 PP	-
Viscera Cleanup Detail	1.4 TF2	$2.74 PP	-
WRATH: Aeon of Ruin	0.7 TF2	$1.33 PP	-
WWE 2K23	6.7 TF2	$12.75 PP	-
Warhammer 40,000 Dawn of War III	2.2 TF2	$4.17 PP	-
Warhammer 40,000: Chaos Gate - Daemonhunters	1.9 TF2	$3.6 PP	-
Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War - Master Collection	1.7 TF2	$3.28 PP	-
Warhammer: Vermintide 2	0.7 TF2	$1.41 PP	-
Wasteland 3	1.8 TF2	$3.46 PP	-
Witch It	1.4 TF2	$2.65 PP	-
Worms Armageddon	0.4 TF2	$0.84 PP	-
Yakuza 0	3.1 TF2	$5.82 PP	-
Yakuza 4 Remastered	0.5 TF2	$0.86 PP	-
Zombie Army 4: Dead War	1.1 TF2	$2.02 PP	-
rFactor 2	0.6 TF2	$1.11 PP	-

IGS Rep Page:
https://www.reddit.com/IGSRep/comments/ggsaik/fappidydats_igs_rep_page/

SteamTrades Rep Page (1000+):
https://www.steamtrades.com/use76561198097671494

GameTrade Rep Page:
https://www.reddit.com/GameTradeRep/comments/ggrz1y/fappidydats_gametrade_rep_page/?

SGSFlair Rep Page:
https://www.reddit.com/sgsflaicomments/ggag04/flair_profile_ufappidydat/

Get 30 USD (AU) with new headset and 25% off (worldwide and tested all) for over 175 games in the thread. Includes Contractors Showdown, Ghosts of Tabor, Asgard's Wrath 2, Assassin Creed, Medieval Dynasty, Demeo, Beat Saber, Stranger Things, Ghost Signal Stellaris, etc!
Updated list of games - all
Get 30 USD (AU) with new headset and 25% off (worldwide and tested all) for over 175 games in the thread. Includes Contractors Showdown, Ghosts of Tabor, Asgard's Wrath 2, Assassin Creed, Medieval Dynasty, Demeo, Beat Saber, Stranger Things, Ghost Signal Stellaris, etc!
Updated list of games - all full 25 percent off! If you've just got yourself a Meta 2 or 3 headset use this link to get 30 USD (47 AUD):
https://www.meta.com/referrals/link/Hermes_tri/
We're both cashing in on a cool $30 each when it's activated however if you forgot to use a referral and it's been less than 7 days since your Quest activation, you can still grab your referral bonus. Follow the steps below (skip 1+2 if your Quest 2/3 is not yet activated):

Delete your device here (Your purchased content remains on your account and can be redownloaded for free).
Power on your Quest to confirm the reset. Avoid going through the initial setup at this stage.
Activate https://www.meta.com/referrals/link/Hermes_tri/
Set up your freshly reset Quest and link it to the account used for accepting the referral. Your store credit will be applied instantly. Enjoy your bonus! Don't worry if you forgot – there's still time to claim it.

Get 30 USD (AU) with new headset and 25% off (worldwide and tested all) for over 175 games in the thread. Includes Contractors Showdown, Ghosts of Tabor, Asgard's Wrath 2, Assassin Creed, Medieval Dynasty, Demeo, Beat Saber, Stranger Things, Ghost Signal Stellaris, etc!
Updated list of games - all
Get 30 USD (AU) with new headset and 25% off (worldwide and tested all) for over 175 games in the thread. Includes Contractors Showdown, Ghosts of Tabor, Asgard's Wrath 2, Assassin Creed, Medieval Dynasty, Demeo, Beat Saber, Stranger Things, Ghost Signal Stellaris, etc!
Updated list of games - all full 25 percent off! If you've just got yourself a Meta 2 or 3 headset use this link to get 30 USD (47 AUD):
https://www.meta.com/referrals/link/Hermes_tri/
We're both cashing in on a cool $30 each when it's activated however if you forgot to use a referral and it's been less than 7 days since your Quest activation, you can still grab your referral bonus. Follow the steps below (skip 1+2 if your Quest 2/3 is not yet activated):

Delete your device here (Your purchased content remains on your account and can be redownloaded for free).
Power on your Quest to confirm the reset. Avoid going through the initial setup at this stage.
Activate https://www.meta.com/referrals/link/Hermes_tri/
Set up your freshly reset Quest and link it to the account used for accepting the referral. Your store credit will be applied instantly. Enjoy your bonus! Don't worry if you forgot – there's still time to claim it.

Get 30 USD (AU) with new headset and 25% off (worldwide and tested all) for over 175 games in the thread. Includes Contractors Showdown, Ghosts of Tabor, Asgard's Wrath 2, Assassin Creed, Medieval Dynasty, Demeo, Beat Saber, Stranger Things, Ghost Signal Stellaris, etc!
Updated list of games - all
Get 30 USD (AU) with new headset and 25% off (worldwide and tested all) for over 175 games in the thread. Includes Contractors Showdown, Ghosts of Tabor, Asgard's Wrath 2, Assassin Creed, Medieval Dynasty, Demeo, Beat Saber, Stranger Things, Ghost Signal Stellaris, etc!
Updated list of games - all full 25 percent off! If you've just got yourself a Meta 2 or 3 headset use this link to get 30 USD (47 AUD):
https://www.meta.com/referrals/link/Hermes_tri/
We're both cashing in on a cool $30 each when it's activated however if you forgot to use a referral and it's been less than 7 days since your Quest activation, you can still grab your referral bonus. Follow the steps below (skip 1+2 if your Quest 2/3 is not yet activated):

Delete your device here (Your purchased content remains on your account and can be redownloaded for free).
Power on your Quest to confirm the reset. Avoid going through the initial setup at this stage.
Activate https://www.meta.com/referrals/link/Hermes_tri/
Set up your freshly reset Quest and link it to the account used for accepting the referral. Your store credit will be applied instantly. Enjoy your bonus! Don't worry if you forgot – there's still time to claim it.

Get 30 USD (AU) with new headset and 25% off (worldwide and tested all) for over 175 games in the thread. Includes Contractors Showdown, Ghosts of Tabor, Asgard's Wrath 2, Assassin Creed, Medieval Dynasty, Demeo, Beat Saber, Stranger Things, Ghost Signal Stellaris, etc!
Updated list of games - all
Get 30 USD (AU) with new headset and 25% off (worldwide and tested all) for over 175 games in the thread. Includes Contractors Showdown, Ghosts of Tabor, Asgard's Wrath 2, Assassin Creed, Medieval Dynasty, Demeo, Beat Saber, Stranger Things, Ghost Signal Stellaris, etc!
Updated list of games - all full 25 percent off! If you've just got yourself a Meta 2 or 3 headset use this link to get 30 USD (47 AUD):
https://www.meta.com/referrals/link/Hermes_tri/
We're both cashing in on a cool $30 each when it's activated however if you forgot to use a referral and it's been less than 7 days since your Quest activation, you can still grab your referral bonus. Follow the steps below (skip 1+2 if your Quest 2/3 is not yet activated):

Delete your device here (Your purchased content remains on your account and can be redownloaded for free).
Power on your Quest to confirm the reset. Avoid going through the initial setup at this stage.
Activate https://www.meta.com/referrals/link/Hermes_tri/
Set up your freshly reset Quest and link it to the account used for accepting the referral. Your store credit will be applied instantly. Enjoy your bonus! Don't worry if you forgot – there's still time to claim it.

Cisco Router Security
What are the two access privilege modes of the Cisco router?
User EXEC Mode: This is the initial access mode for a router. In this mode, the user can access only a limited set of basic monitoring commands.
Privileged EXEC Mode: This mode provides access to all router commands, such as debugging and configuration commands. It requires a password for access to ensure security.
What is the approach for password for the privileged mode of the router?
enable secret [password]
uses hashing algorithm so that the password is not in plain text but encrypted
How to ensure that all passwords in the router are stored in the encrypted form?
service password-encryption
What is the difference between the Cisco router’s startup and running configurations?
How to save the running configuration into start up configuration?
Startup Configuration: Stored in the NVRAM, this configuration is used to boot the router. It remains unchanged until an administrator explicitly saves the running configuration to it.
Running Configuration: Held in the router’s RAM, this configuration is active on the router. Changes to the router’s configuration are made here and are effective immediately.
Know and be able to configure all aspects of the Cisco router covered in class. For example,
configuring the router interfaces, setting the router OSPF ID, etc.
enable
configure terminal
hostname MyRouter
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
exit
interface Serial0/0/0
ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
clock rate 64000
no shutdown
exit
router ospf 1
router-id 1.1.1.1
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
exit
enable secret mysecretpassword
line console 0
password myconsolepassword
login
exit
line vty 0 4
password myvtypassword
login
exit
crypto key generate rsa
ip ssh version 2
ip ssh time-out 60
ip ssh authentication-retries 2
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.254
access-list 10 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 10 deny any
Practical Routing, OSPF, and Security
What is the difference between static and dynamic routing?
Static Routing: Involves manually setting up routes in the router's routing table through configuration commands. These routes do not change unless manually updated or removed. Static routing is simple, secure, and uses less bandwidth but lacks scalability and flexibility.
Dynamic Routing: Automatically adjusts routes in the routing table based on current network conditions using routing protocols. This approach allows for more flexibility, scalability, and fault tolerance, but consumes more resources and can be complex to configure.
What is the difference between link state and distance vector routing?
Distance Vector Routing: Routers using distance vector protocols calculate the best path to a destination based on the distance and direction (vector) to nodes. Updates are shared with neighboring routers at regular intervals or when changes occur. This approach can lead to slower convergence and issues like routing loops.
Link State Routing: Each router learns the entire network topology by exchanging link-state information. Routers then independently calculate the shortest path to every node using algorithms like Dijkstra’s. This results in quicker convergence and fewer routing loops.
Distance Vector Routing: Each router computes distance from itself to its next immediate neighbors. (RIP, EIGRP, & BGP)
-Does not build a full map of the network
-Focuses more on the next hop towards the destination
Link State Routing: Each router shares knowledge of its neighbors with every other router in the network. (OSPF and IS-IS)
-Builds a full map of the network
-Each router shares information
-Maintains a database of the entire network.
Give an example of the distance vector and link state algorithms.
Distance = RIPLink State = OSPF
What type of protocol is Routing Information Protocol (RIP)? Be able to understand
examples and solve problems.
Example of a distance vector protocol
dynamic protocol
-shares routing info with neighboring routers
-an interior gateway protocol that operates within autonomous system
-oldest of all dynamic protocol; RIPv1
-widely used open standard developed by IETF
-a distance vector routing protocol
-limited to maximum 15 hops;

 how rip works -rip sends regular update message (advertisements to neighboring routers)

-every 30 seconds that resets after each successful ack
-route becomes invalid if it has not received a message for 180 seconds
-RIPv1 (obsolete) uses broadcast, while RIPv2 uses a multicast address -Update message only travel to a single hop
downside : limitations, each router in its table can only have one entry per destination. Have to wait for advertisement for an alternative path, cannot reach hops 15 paths away, little to no security.
What type of protocol is Open Shortest Paths First (OSPF) protocol? Be able to under-
stand examples and solve problems.

an interior gateway protocol that operates within autonomous systems to build a full map of the network.
widely used open standard developed by IETF

-a link state routing protocol

 intra as routing with RIP

What is the Link State Advertisement (LSA) in OSPF? What is the Link State Database
(LSDB)?
-LSA contains data about a router, its subnets, and some other network information.-OSPF puts all the LSAs from different routers into a Link-State Database (LSDB)
The goal of OSPF is to be able to determine a complete map of the interior routing path to be able to create the best route possible.
The way this is done is that OSPF finds all the routers and subnets that can be reached within the entire network. The result is that each router will have the same information about the network by sending out LSA.
How does each router in OSPF create a map of the entire network?
Step 1 : Acquire neighbor relationship to exchange network information.
Step 2: Exchange database information, neighboring routers swap LSDB information with each other
Step 3: Choosing the best routes, each router chooses the best routes to add to its routing table based on the learned LSDB information.
What is the process for two OSPF routers to become neighbors?
A. a neighbor sends out a Hello packet including the router ID along with subnets that it routes to the given multicast address to a given OSPF area ID.

this is also a way for routers to tell neighbors that they are still on and good to go.

B. Once other routers receive this packet, they run some checks. The neighboring routers must match the following requirements:
-area id needs to be the same (also used when scaling up OSPF)
-the shared or connecting link should be on the same subnet.
-The Hello and dead timer must be the same.
-the dead timer is having enogh time before the sending router assumes that the neighbor is down.
-this timer is typically 10 secs for point-to-point and broadcast networks.
C. If all is fine, the receiving router will go into Init stage and sends a hello message of its own. This Hello packet list its own network info along with the known neighbor R1. This puts R1 into a 2-way communication status.
D. R1 sends another Hello message to R2 with the information as a known neighbor. This allows the R2 now with a 2-way communication status as well.E. We now have a 2-way neighboring routers
What is the difference between point-to-point and multi-access networks? How does OSPF
handle each case?

Point-to-Point: A network setup where each connection is between two specific nodes or devices. OSPF treats these links with straightforward neighbor relationships since there are only two routers on each segment.

Multi-Access Networks: Networks where multiple routers can connect on the same segment, such as Ethernet. OSPF uses a Designated Router (DR) and a Backup Designated Router (BDR) on these types of networks to reduce the amount of OSPF traffic and the size of the topological database.
DR selected by the highest OSPF prio.
Be able to configure OSPF routing given a topology.
–
Example:
Consider a topology with three routers R1, R2, and R3. The routers
are connected R1 =⇒R2 =⇒R3 =⇒R1.
R1 has interface f0/0 connected to the
interface f0/0 of R2. R2 has interface f0/1 connecting to the interface f0/0 of R3.
Finally R3 has interface 1/0 connecting to the interface 1/0 of R3. Assuming all
routers are Cisco 7200 routers, configure them to use OSPF to dynamically route in
this topology (you will be given the Cisco router manual for such questions).
•
R1enable
configure terminal
hostname R1
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
exit
interface FastEthernet1/0
ip address 192.168.31.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
exit
router ospf 1
router-id 1.1.1.1
network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.31.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
exit
end
write memory
R2enable
configure terminal
hostname R2
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
exit
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 192.168.23.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
exit
router ospf 1
router-id 2.2.2.2
network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
exit
end
write memory
R3enable
configure terminal
hostname R3
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
exit
interface FastEthernet1/0
ip address 192.168.31.2 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
exit
router ospf 1
router-id 3.3.3.3
network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.31.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
exit
end
write memory
How does OSPF authenticate packets to protect against packet spoofing and tempering?
Be able to enable it a Cisco router.
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) can authenticate packets to protect against packet spoofing and tampering using several methods. The two main types of authentication are:
Plain Text Authentication: This is simple and provides minimal security. It sends the password in clear text.
Message Digest 5 (MD5) Authentication: This provides stronger security by using cryptographic hash functions to authenticate OSPF packets.
Plain textenable
configure terminal
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf authentication
ip ospf authentication-key cisco123
no shutdown
exit
router ospf 1
router-id 1.1.1.1
network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
area 0 authentication
exit
write memory
MD5enable
configure terminal
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf authentication message-digest
ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 securepassword
no shutdown
exit
router ospf 1
router-id 1.1.1.1
network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
area 0 authentication message-digest
exit
write memory
Network Defense Fundamentals
•
What is IP spoofing? Explain.
-The ip packet contains the source and destination Ip addresses.-Is it straightforward to modify the ip address of the packet.
-IP Spoofing: sender chagrin his source address to something other than his real address.
How can IP spoofing be used in security attacks?
-If the attacker sends an Ip packet with a spoofed IP, they will not receive a response form the destination: the machine with the IP matching the spoofed IP will receive the response.Ip spoofing operation - the sender spoofs the source IP address to point to another target. The receiver system replies to the spoofed IP.
•
What are the countermeasures to IP spoofing?
Ingress and Egress Filtering: Network operators should implement filtering rules on routers and firewalls to block packets with source IP addresses that should not originate from those networks. Ingress filtering blocks incoming packets with a source IP address that is not valid for the network, while egress filtering blocks outgoing packets with an invalid source IP address.
Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF): This technique ensures that the incoming packets are received on the same interface that the router would use to send traffic back to the source. If the path does not match, the packet is discarded, preventing spoofed packets from passing through.
IPsec (Internet Protocol Security): IPsec can be used to authenticate and encrypt IP packets, ensuring that they come from legitimate sources and have not been tampered with. This makes spoofing attacks significantly more difficult.
How can IP spoofing be used to perform DoS attacks?
IP spoofing is often used in Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to obscure the attacker's identity and to overwhelm the target with traffic from what appears to be multiple sources. One common type of DoS attack that utilizes IP spoofing is a Smurf Attack. In a Smurf Attack, the attacker sends ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) echo requests to broadcast addresses of networks, with the source IP address spoofed to that of the victim. The devices on the network respond to the echo requests, sending replies back to the victim's IP address. This amplifies the traffic directed at the victim, potentially overwhelming their network and causing a DoS condition.
•
Know how to use
hping3
for performing ping floods.
Using hping3 to perform ping floods involves sending a high volume of ICMP Echo Request packets to a target to overwhelm it.basic ping floodsudo hping3 -1 --flood [target_IP]
Using spoofed source ipsudo hping3 -1 --flood -a [spoofed_IP] [target_IP]
Controlling the Packet Sending Rateo hping3 -1 --flood -i u1000 [target_IP]Combining sudo hping3 -1 --flood -a 10.0.0.1 -i u1000 192.168.1.1
Firewalling
What is a firewall?
a filtering device on a network that enforces network security policy and protects the network against external attacks.
According to NIST SP 800-41, what are the characteristics of a firewall?
NIST standard defines the possible characteristics that a firewall can use to filter traffic.
-(IP Address and Protocol type) filtering based on source/destination IP address/ports, traffic direction and other transport layer characteristics.
-(Application Protocols)controls access based on application protocol data
-(User identity) controls access based on user identity
-(Network activity)
What are the limitations of the firewall?
Firewall capabilities: -Define a traffic chokepoint in the network and protects against IP spoofing and routing attacks
-Provide a location for monitoring the security events -Provide non-security functions: loggin internet usage, network address translation-Serve as platform for VPN/IPSec
Firewall limitations:-protect against attacks bypassing the firewall, connections from inside the organization to the outside that do not go through the firewall.-protect against internal threats such as disgruntled employees.
What is a packet filter firewall? Be able to write and interpret rules and to spot configu-
rationflaws.
Packet filtering firewall : applies a set of rules to each packet based on the packet headers.Filters based on: source/destination IP, source/destination port numbers, IP Protocol Field:defines the transport protocol, Interface : for firewalls with 3+ network interfaces, the interface from which the packet came from/going to
•
What is the difference between the default and allow and default deny policies? Which
one is the more secure one?
-when no rules apply to a packet, a default rule is applied: default deny : what is not explicitly permitted is denied default forward : what is not explicitly denied is allowed
default deny is more secure, you dont have to identify all of the cases that needs to be blocked, if one is missed, default deny will deny it.
Port 0-1023 reserved
1024-2**17 ephemeral
source port used by the system initialiatizng a connection is always chosen from the ephemeral ports
Be able to configure the packet filtering functions of iptables.
–
Example:
Write iptables rules to block all ICMP traffic to and from the system.
iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -j DROP
iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp -j DROP
Example:
Write iptables rules to block all traffic on port 22
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --sport 22 -j DROP
iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j DROP
–
Example:
Write iptables rules to block traffic to host 192.168.2.2
iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dest 192.168.2.2 -j DROP
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --src 192.168.2.2 -j DROP
What are the limitations of the packet filter firewall?
-does not examine upper layer data : cannot prevent attacks that employ application specfic vulnerabilities or functions.cannot block application specific commands.
•
What is the stateful firewall and how does it compare to a packet filter?
A stateful firewall is a network security device that monitors and tracks the state of active connections, making decisions based on the context of the traffic. Unlike a simple packet filter, which examines individual packets in isolation based on predetermined rules, a stateful firewall keeps track of connections over time, distinguishing between legitimate packets that are part of an established session and potentially malicious ones. This contextual awareness allows it to block unauthorized connection attempts and prevent attacks such as spoofing and session hijacking. While packet filters, or stateless firewalls, operate faster and consume fewer resources by applying static rules to each packet independently, they lack the sophisticated traffic pattern handling and enhanced security provided by stateful firewalls.
•
What is the application-level firewall? What are its advantages and limitations?
An application-level firewall, also known as an application firewall or proxy firewall, operates at the application layer of the OSI model. It inspects and filters traffic based on the specific application protocols (e.g., HTTP, FTP, DNS) rather than just IP addresses and port numbers. limitations : increased communications overhead due to two separate TCP connections

 and not transparent to the client

Application-level gateways are also known as application-level proxies.
-act as a relay for the application-level traffic.
-runs at the application layer, and examines application-layer data
Supported ProtocolsFTPSTMPHTTP
What is a circuit-level firewall? What are its advantages and limitations?
-Similar to the application-level gateway, but only tracks the state of the TCP/UDP sessions.
-Does not examine application data , simply relays TCP segments
-Allow/deny decisions based on whether a packet belongs to an established and trusted connection
Advantage of circuit-level firewall -do not filter individual packets(simplifies rules)

-fast and efficient

Disadvantages:

-do not filter individual packets -require frequent updates: traffic is filtered with rules and policies that need regular updates for new threats and risks -the vendor needs to modify the TCP/IP implementation for thor applications to use the circuit-level proxy.

What are the different approaches to basing the firewall?

-stand-alone machines -software modules in roosters, switches, or servers, or pre-configured security appliances.

What are the host-based firewalls?
Host-based firewalls: a firewall software module used to secure a single host.
What are the network device firewalls?
Network device firewall = routers and switches often have firewall functions, like packet filtering and stateful inspection, to check and filter packets
What are the virtual firewalls?
-in a virtualized environment, servers, switches, and routers can be virtualized and share physical hardware. The hypervisor that manages the virtual machines can also have firewall capabilities.
What is the DMZ? How is it used for securing networks?
A Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) in network security is a physical or logical subnetwork that contains and exposes an organization's external-facing services to an untrusted network, typically the internet. The primary purpose of a DMZ is to add an additional layer of security to an organization's local area network (LAN). By isolating these externally accessible services, the DMZ ensures that if an attacker gains access to the public-facing systems, they do not have direct access to the rest of the network.
How the DMZ Secures Networks
Isolation of Public Services: Services that need to be accessible from the outside, such as web servers, mail servers, FTP servers, and DNS servers, are placed in the DMZ. These services are isolated from the internal network, which helps protect the internal systems from attacks that may exploit vulnerabilities in the public-facing services.
Controlled Access: Firewalls are used to create boundaries between the internet, the DMZ, and the internal network. The firewall rules are configured to allow only specific types of traffic to and from the DMZ. For example, incoming web traffic might be allowed to reach a web server in the DMZ, but not to access internal systems directly.
Minimal Exposure: Only the necessary services are exposed to the internet. This minimizes the attack surface, reducing the number of entry points that an attacker can exploit. Internal systems and data remain protected behind the additional layer of the firewall.
Layered Security: The DMZ provides an additional layer of defense (defense-in-depth). Even if an attacker manages to compromise a server in the DMZ, the internal network is still protected by another firewall, making it harder for the attacker to penetrate further.
Monitoring and Logging: Activities within the DMZ can be closely monitored and logged. Any suspicious behavior can be detected early, and appropriate actions can be taken to mitigate potential threats before they impact the internal network.
Traffic Filtering: The firewalls between the internet and the DMZ, as well as between the DMZ and the internal network, can filter traffic based on IP addresses, ports, and protocols. This filtering ensures that only legitimate traffic is allowed and that malicious traffic is blocked.
-if attacker compromises a server on the network, they will be able to pivot to other systems on the network.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of having the two DMZ firewalls be from
different vendors?
Using different firewall manufacturers for the two firewalls maybe a good idea, avoids possibility of both having the same vulnerability but introduces more complexity and management overhead.
Be able to write pfSense firewall rules
Penetration Testing
•
What is penetration testing?
-legal and suthorzied attempt to locate and exploit vulnerable systems for the purpose of making those systems more secure.

pen testing, pt, hacking, ethical hacking, whitehate hacking, offensive security, red teaming

What is the objective of the penetration testing?

Use tools and techniques used by the attackers in order to discover security vulnerabilities before the attackers do.

What is the BAD pyramid?

The purpose of a red team is to find ways to improve the blue team, so purple teams should not be needed in an organization where the red/blue teams interaction is healthy and functioning properly.

red attack
purple defender changes based off attack knowledge
blue defend
green builder changes based on defender knowledge
yellow build
orange builder changes based on attacker knowledge
Why are the penetration tests conducted?
-a company may want to have a stronger understanding of their security footprint.

-system policy shortcomings -network protocol weaknesses -network/software misconfigurations -software vulnerabilities

What is the difference between penetration testing and vulnerability assessment?
-two terms often incorrectly ,interchangeably used in practice.
-vulnerability assessment : review of systems services to find potential vulnerabilities-penetration testing: finding an exploiting system vulnerabilities as proof-of-concept
What is the difference between black-box, white-box, and grey-box testing.
Black-Box Testing
Tester Knowledge: The tester has no knowledge of the internal structure, code, or implementation details of the system.
-lack knowledge of system
White-Box Testing
Tester Knowledge: The tester has full knowledge of the internal structure, code, and implementation details of the system.
-very thorough , but not completely realistic
Grey-Box Testing
Tester Knowledge: The tester has partial knowledge of the internal structure, code, or implementation details of the system.
What is the difference between ethical and unethical hackers?
-penetration testers, with proper authorization of the company, help improve the security of the company.
-unethical hackers, personal gain through extortion or other devious methods, profit, revenge, fame, etc. No authorization to conduct the attacks
•Ethical vs unethical hacking, penetration testers: obtain the authorization from the organization whose systems they plan to attack unethical hackers: attack without authorization.
Know the stages of penetration testing and the importance of following a structured ap-
proach.
–
Planning and Reconnaissance:
Planning: Define the scope and goals of the test, including the systems to be tested and the testing methods.
Reconnaissance: Gather information about the target, such as IP addresses, domain names, and network infrastructure, to understand how to approach the test.
Scanning:
Purpose: Identify potential entry points and vulnerabilities in the target system.
Methods: Use tools to scan for open ports, services running on those ports, and known vulnerabilities.
Gaining Access:
Purpose: Attempt to exploit identified vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access to the system.
Techniques: Use techniques like password cracking, SQL injection, or exploiting software vulnerabilities.
Maintaining Access:
Planning and Reconnaissance:
Purpose: Ensure continued access to the compromised system to understand the potential impact of a prolonged attack.
Methods: Install backdoors or use other methods to maintain control over the system.
Analysis and Reporting:
Scanning
Purpose: Document the findings, including vulnerabilities discovered, methods used, and the level of access achieved.
Report: Provide a detailed report to the organization, highlighting the risks and recommending steps to mitigate the vulnerabilities.
Remediation:
Gaining Access
Purpose: Address and fix the identified vulnerabilities to improve the security of the system.
Action: Implement the recommended security measures from the report to protect against future attacks.
Retesting:
Maintaining Access
Purpose: Verify that the vulnerabilities have been successfully remediated.
Process: Conduct a follow-up test to ensure that the fixes are effective and no new issues have been introduced.
Importance of Following a Structured Approach
Consistency: A structured approach ensures that each stage is systematically followed, making the testing thorough and reliable.
Comprehensiveness: Following each stage helps identify and address all potential vulnerabilities, leaving no gaps in the security assessment.
Documentation: A structured method produces detailed documentation, which is crucial for understanding the security posture and for future reference.
Effectiveness: It ensures that the penetration test effectively mimics real-world attack scenarios, providing valuable insights into how an actual attacker might exploit vulnerabilities.
Risk Management: By identifying and addressing vulnerabilities, organizations can proactively manage security risks and protect their assets from potential attacks.
Example:
What is the difference between the passive and active reconnaissance?
•
Passive Reconnaissance
Definition: Gathering information about the target without directly interacting with the target system or network. The aim is to collect data without alerting the target.
Methods:
Publicly Available Information: Searching for information that is freely available on the internet, such as social media profiles, company websites, and news articles.
DNS Queries: Looking up domain registration information (WHOIS data), DNS records, and IP address ranges.
Network Traffic Analysis: Capturing and analyzing network traffic without sending packets to the target (e.g., using tools like Wireshark in a non-intrusive manner).
Search Engines: Using search engines to find information about the target, such as employee names, email addresses, and technical details.
Advantages:
Low Risk: Minimizes the chance of detection by the target because no direct interaction occurs.
Stealth: Suitable for the early stages of reconnaissance when the goal is to remain undetected.
Disadvantages:
Limited Information: May not provide as much detailed or specific information about vulnerabilities or configurations as active reconnaissance.
Active Reconnaissance
Definition: Actively engaging with the target system or network to gather information. This involves direct interaction, such as sending packets or probing the target.
Methods:
Network Scanning: Using tools like Nmap to scan for open ports, running services, and network topology.
Vulnerability Scanning: Running vulnerability scanners (e.g., Nessus, OpenVAS) to identify known weaknesses in the target systems.
Social Engineering: Directly interacting with individuals (e.g., phishing attacks) to gather information.
Probing and Enumerating: Sending specific queries or packets to the target to elicit responses that reveal information about the system (e.g., banner grabbing).
Advantages:
Detailed Information: Provides more detailed and specific information about the target's vulnerabilities, configurations, and active services.
Identification of Weaknesses: More effective in identifying exploitable vulnerabilities that can be used in subsequent attack phases.
Disadvantages:
Higher Risk: Increases the risk of detection by the target, which could alert them to the reconnaissance activity.
Potential Legal Issues: Unauthorized active reconnaissance can lead to legal repercussions if done without permission.
Summary
Passive Reconnaissance: Involves gathering information without direct interaction with the target, resulting in lower risk of detection but potentially less detailed information.
Active Reconnaissance: Involves direct interaction with the target to gather detailed information, but carries a higher risk of detection and potential legal consequences.
Both types of reconnaissance are essential in penetration testing to understand the target's environment and identify potential vulnerabilities while balancing the need for stealth and detailed information.
Be able to use the penetration testing tools discussed in class
nmap 192.168.1.1
nmap -sS -sV -O -A 192.168.1.1-sS: Perform a stealth SYN scan.
-sV: Detect service versions.
-O: Detect operating system.
-A: Perform aggressive scan (includes OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute).

Trying to clear my backlog of unredeemed stuff and make some money for an upcoming trip, so looking to hopefully clear this list down some, and honestly for most titles on the list I'd be willing to take $1-3 dollars for.
Here is my SteamRep page
And links to Previous Posts I've made since I'm not sure how to update my flair to correctly show the number of trades I've completed.
I also have the Humble Choice coupons for the DLC for Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous, Victoria 3, and Symphony of War: The Nephilim Saga, if anyone would be interested in paying for those as well.
ΔV: Rings of Saturn
112 Operator
112 Operator
112 Operator
60 Parsecs!
8Doors: Arum's Afterlife Adventure
911 Operator
911 Operator
911 Operator
A Plague Tale: Innocence
A Short Hike
A Juggler's Tale
Acceleration of SUGURI 2
Aces & Adventures
Ace of Seafood
ADOM (Ancient Domains Of Mystery)
Ai War 2
Alchemist's Castle
Aliens: Fireteam Elite
Almost There: The Platformer
Alien Spidy
Agent in Depth
Age of Wonders: Planetfall Deluxe Edition
Agents of Mayhem
Amanda the Adventurer
American Fugitive
Amnesia: Rebirth
Amnesia: Rebirth
Amnesia: The Dark Descent + Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs
Arcade Paradise
Arcade Spirits
Armello
Atomicrops
ATOM RPG Trudograd
Automachef
Autonauts
Autonauts vs Piratebots
Aven Colony
Backbone
Banners of Ruin
Basement
Battlestar Galactica Deadlock
Beat Hazard 2
Beacon Pines
Bee Simulator
Before We Leave
Bendy and the Dark Revival
Beyond the Wire
Black Future ’88
Blazing Beaks
Blue Fire
Book of Demons
Boomerang Fu
Boreal Blade
BPM: BULLETS PER MINUTE
Bravery and Greed
Break Arts 2
Broken Age
Broken Age
Brothers: A Tale of Two Sons
Calico
Cattails: Wildwood Story
Catherine: Classic
Car Mechanic Simulator 2018
Children of Morta
Chivalry 2 - Epic Edition
Chess Ultra
Colt Canyon
Conan Chop Chop
Construction Simulator (2015) Deluxe Edition
Control Standard Edition
Cook, Serve, Delicious! 3?!
Coromon
Cosmic Express
Crown Trick
Crusader Kings III
Crying Suns
Cursed Castilla (Maldita Castilla EX)
Curse of the Dead Gods
Cyber Hook
Dear Esther: Landmark Edition
Dandara
Dagon: by H. P. Lovecraft - The Eldritch Box DLC
Dark Deity
Darksburg
Darksiders Genesis
Deadly Days
Death Squared
Deleveled
Descenders
Detached: Non-VR Edition
Deep Rock Galactic
Demon Turf
Destroyer: The U-Boat Hunter
Deus Ex: Mankind Divided
Diaries of a Spaceport Janitor
Dirt 5
Disco Elysium - The Final Cut
Disjunction (GOG Key)
Doughlings Arcade
Doughlings Invasion
Draw Slasher
Drawful 2
Driftland: The Magic Revival
DUCATI - 90th Anniversary
Due Process
Duskers
Earthlock
Edge of Eternity
Edge of Eternity
Effie
Eldest Souls
ELDERBORN
ELEX
Encased: A Sci-Fi Post-Apocalyptic RPG
ENCODYA (GOG key)
Endless Space 2
Endless Space 2 Digital Deluxe Edition
Endzone - A World Apart
Europa Universalis IV
Euro Truck Simulator 2
Everhood
Evoland Legendary Edition
Exapunks
Expeditions: Rome
Expeditions: Viking
F1® 2019 Anniversary Edition
Fable Anniversary
Fahrenheit: Indigo Prophecy Remastered
Farmer's Dynasty
Farming Simulator 17
Farming Simulator '17 - Platinum Edition
Fantasy Blacksmith
Felix The Reaper
Fight'N Rage
First Class Trouble
Fling to the Finish
Friends vs Friends
Frick, Inc.
Frog Detective 1: The Haunted Island
Frog Detective 2: The Case of the Invisible Wizard
Forgive Me Father
Fort Triumph
Fury Unleashed
Fury Unleashed
GameGuru
Gamedec - Definitive Edition
GARAGE: Bad Trip
Generation Zero
Ghostrunner
Go Home Dinosaurs
Goat of Duty
Golf Gang
Golf With Your Friends + Caddy Pack + OST
Going Under
Gravel
GRIME
Grow: Song of the Evertree
Guns & Fishes
Guilty Gear X2 #Reload
Guts and Glory
Hacknet
Hack 'n' Slash
Heave Ho
Hell Let Loose
Hello Neighbor + Hello Neighbor Hide & Seek
Hell Pie
Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice
Hero Siege Complete
Hero Siege - Cyberpunk Samurai (Class + Skin)
Hero Siege - Avenger Paladin (Class + Skin)
Hero Siege - Class - Amazon
Hero Siege - Demon Slayer Bundle + Spawn Skin (Class)
Hero Siege - Class - Shaman
Hero Siege - Class - Marauder
Hero Siege - Class - Plague Doctor
Hero Siege - Extra slots & stash space
Hero Siege - ClassShield Lancer
Hero's Hour
Heroes of Hammerwatch
Hexologic
HIVESWAP: Act 1
Hollow Knight
Hokko Life
Horizon Chase Turbo
HUMANKIND: Definitive Edition
Hyper Gunsport
I Am Fish
Immortal Redneck
Imperator: Rome Deluxe Edition
Into the Pit
Into the Breach
In Other Waters
Iris and the Giant
Iron Danger
Izmir: An Independence Simulator
John Wick Hex
Juno: New Origins
Just Cause 4 Complete Edition
Just Die Already
Katana ZERO
Kerbal Space Program
Kero Blaster
Killsquad
Kingdom Two Crowns
Lacuna – A Sci-Fi Noir Adventure
Laser League
Last Call BBS
Lawn Mowing Simulator
Legion TD 2 - Multiplayer Tower Defense
LEGO Batman 3: Beyond Gotham
Lethal League Blaze
Levelhead
LiEat
Life Is Strange 2: Complete Season
Life is Strange: True Colors
Lightmatter
Littlewood
Little Orpheus
Lust from Beyond: M Edition
Lust from Beyond - M Edition
Magicka
Main Assembly
Men of War: Assault Squad 2 - War Chest Edition
Mega Man Legacy Collection
Metro Exodus
Metro Exodus
Merchant of the Skies
Midnight Protocol
Minoria
MirrorMoon EP
Mitsurugi Kamui Hikae
Möbius Front ‘83
MOLEK-SYNTEZ
Moon Hunters
Momodora: Reverie Under The Moonlight
Monaco
Morbid: The Seven Acolytes
MORDHAU
Morkredd
Motorcycle Mechanic Simulator 2021
Mount & Blade: Warband
My Friend Pedro
Narita Boy
NARUTO TO BORUTO: SHINOBI STRIKER
NBA Playgrounds
Nebuchadnezzar
NecroWorm
Necromunda: Hired Gun
Neoverse
Neverout
NeuroVoider
Nex Machina
Nickelodeon All-Star Brawl
Niffelheim
Nimbatus - The Space Drone Constructor
Non-Stop Raiders
Oaken
OlliOlli World Rad Edition
Operation: Tango
Opus Magnum
Orbital Racer
Orbital Racer
Orwell: Ignorance is Strength
Othercide
OTXO
Overload
Overcooked! 2 + Too Many Cooks! + Surf n' Turf Pack
Out of Reach: Treasure Royale
PAC-MAN™ CHAMPIONSHIP EDITION 2
Panzer Paladin
Patch Quest
Pathfinder: Kingmaker - Enhanced Plus Edition
Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous
Pathologic 2
Partisans 1941
Party Hard
Party Hard
Path of Giants
Pawnbarian
Paw Paw Paw
PAYDAY 2
PGA Tour 2K21
PGA Tour 2K21
Planet TD
Planet Zoo
Pill Baby
Pikuniku
Pixplode
Pool Panic
Popup Dungeon
Post Void
Prodeus
Project Chemistry
Project Wingman
Project Winter
Psychonauts
Pumpkin Jack
Puss!
Purrfect Date - Visual Novel/Dating Simulator
Quadrata
Quantum Break
Radio Commander
Raiden V: Director's Cut
Railway Empire
Rebuild 3: Gangs of Deadsville
Rebel Inc: Escalation
Red Faction Guerrilla Re-Mars-tered
Relicta
Remnants of Naezith
Remnants of Naezith
Remothered: Broken Porcelain
Regular Human Basketball
Regions of Ruin
Retimed
Retrowave
Revolver 360 Re:Actor
Ring of Pain
Ring of Pain
Road 96
Roadwarden
Roarr! Jurassic Edition
Roguebook
Rollerdrome
Rover Mechanic Simulator
Rustler
Rym 9000
Say No! More
ScourgeBringer
Secret Neighbor
Seven: The Days Long Gone
Shadows: Awakening
Shady Part of Me
shapez + puzzle DLC
Shenmue III
Shing!
Shining Resonance Refrain
Shoppe Keep 2
Shotgun King: The Final Checkmate
Skullgirls 2nd Encore
Sid Meier's Civilization VI : Platinum Edition
Sigma Theory: Global Cold War
SIMULACRA + SIMULACRA 2
Size Matters
Slay the Spire
Sleeping Dogs: Definitive Edition
Slinger VR
Slipstream
Smile For Me
Sniper Ghost Warrior Contracts
Space Crew: Legendary Edition
Speed Brawl
Spirit of the Island
SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom - Rehydrated
Spyro Reignited Trilogy
Soulblight
Soulblight
Soul Searching
Soulstice
Starbound
Stick Fight
stikir
Strange Brigade
Struggling
Stygian: Reign of the Old Ones
Sunset Overdrive
Sunless Bundle (Sunless Sea + Sunless Skies)
Supraland
Super Daryl Deluxe
SUPERHOT
Super Magbot
SUPERHOT: MIND CONTROL DELETE
Superliminal
Surviving Mars
Surviving the Aftermath
Suzerain
Swag and Sorcery
S.W.I.N.E. HD Remaster
Swords and Soldiers 2 Shawarmageddon
Sword Legacy Omen
Syberia 3
SYNTHETIK: Legion Rising
Symphony of War: The Nephilim Saga
System Shock Enhanced Edition
System Shock Enhanced Edition
System Shock 2
Tabletop Playground
Telefrag VR
Temtem
Terraformers
The Amazing American Circus
The Ambassador: Fractured Timelines
The Final Station
The Forgotten City
The King's Bird
The Inner World
The Life and Suffering of Sir Brante
The Long Dark
The Red Lantern
The Occupation
The Outer Worlds: Spacer’s Choice Edition
The Serpent Rogue
The Shapeshifting Detective
The Stillness of the Wind
The Suicide of Rachel Foster
The Textorcist: The Story of Ray Bibbia
The Quarry Deluxe Edition
The Uncertain: Last Quiet Day
The USB Stick Found in the Grass
This is the Police
This is the Police 2
This War of Mine
Through the Darkest of Times
Tilt Brush
TOHU
Tools Up!
Total Tank Simulator
Tooth and Tail
Toejam & Earl: Back in the Groove
Train Station Renovation
Treasure Hunter Simulator
Tropico 4
Tropico 6 - El Prez Edition
TSIOQUE
Turbo Golf Racing
Turok
Turok 2: Seeds of Evil
VVVVVV
Vagante
Valfaris
Valkyria Chronicles 4 Complete Edition
Verlet Swing
Victoria 3
Voidigo
Wandersong
Wandersong
Wargroove
Wargroove
Warhammer 40,000: Chaos Gate - Daemonhunters
Warhammer Age of Sigmar: Realms of Ruin – Ultimate Edition
Warhammer: Chaosbane
WARSAW RISING: City of Heroes
Wasteland 3
We Are Alright
We Need To Go Deeper
West of Dead
West of Dead
Where the Water Tastes Like Wine
Who Pressed Mute on Uncle Marcus?
Windjammers 2
Wingspan
Wizard of Legend
Wizard of Legend
World of Goo
Worms Revolution
Worms Rumble
Worms Rumble + Legends Pack
WRATH: Aeon of Ruin
Wrench
WWE 2K23
WWE 2K Battlegrounds
XCOM 2
XCOM 2 + XCOM 2: Reinforcement Pack and XCOM 2: Resistance Warrior Pack
XCOM: Chimera Squad
X-Morph: Defense Complete Pack
X-Morph: Defense + European Assault, Survival of the Fittest, and Last Bastion DLC
Yakuza Kiwami 2
Yooka-Laylee and the Impossible Lair
Yoku's Island Express
Zombie Driver HD
Zombie Night Terror

Let me share my 3000h of modded wisdom with you, my fellow vanilla comrades. My attempt here is to provide you with as many as possible improvements to the base game while keeping the style, balance, and content as vanilla as possible. As they say, when it works the best is when you don't realize it is there. I guarantee you that after playing for a while with these, you will no longer be able to tell what's from the base game and what's not.
You don't know how to mod? Maybe this very basic guide will help. Please, note that many mods come with options to tune up your experience. It is recommended you give them a look.
You can find the steam collection here. Be aware that some of these mods require the DLCs. You don't have the DLCs? Just don't use the mod.
Dependencies:

Harmony + Huglibs. Required by so many mods, you may as well be done with it and always have them.
Vanilla Expanded Framework. While not as radically necessary as the previous ones, it's still a dependency fairly common. And this one actually does cool things on its own, like loading new modded factions without having to start a new game.
XML Extensions. You won't be able to access the options of some mods without this.

Performance

Dub performance analyzer. Enable the optimizations and override options, you can ignore everything else. If you want to disable alerts, use rocketman.
Rocketman. By default, it should be good enough. This mod also allows to disable alerts you may don't care about, like, dunno, tattered apparel or unhappy nudity. It is recommended to run adaptive move occasionally (in stat cache settings).
Performance Optimizer. More hacker magic. If you don't like the UI changes, you can disable them in the options. This mod does more performance stuff aside from that, so use it anyway!
Performance Fish. You will have to install this mod manually, since it's not available in the workshop. You will also need to install its dependencies, Fishery and Prepatcher. Please, be aware that at the present there's an issue in which linking storages crashes the game. However, this can be prevented by disabling "TryFindBestBetterStoreCellFor" in the options.

Minor changes

Optimization Meats. Unless you really want dozens of different meat types for some weird role-play reason, this mod will reduce the bloat on your kitchens.
Better Animal Tab
Better Info Card
Conduit Deconstruct. A button to exclusively dismantle power conduits.
Disable Automatically Select Travel Supplies
Improved Need Indicator
Map Preview. You can reroll as well!
Prepare Landing. You can search world tiles matching your conditions. Goes great with Map Preview.
Medical Tab. An easy way to overview your colony health.
More Harvest Designators! e.g. harvest only fully growth plants.
ModDiff. Great improvement of the mod mismatch screen.
Pharmacist Temporary Update. Instead of always using the best medicine, now your pawns can use the appropriate medicine for the situation. No longer will they spent glitterworld meds on scratches!
Smart Turret Covering. Fixes an issue with turret covers.
PawnTargetFix. So that the autotarget prioritizes the closest enemy.
Poisoned Food Stack Fix (Fix). Fixes an issue with meal stacks.
Priority Treatment Ressurected. Doctors will finally prioritize keeping your pawns alive over taking a nap. Disable the option that prevents injured pawns from performing surgery, it has issues.
QualityBuilder. You can set up a target level for furniture, and your pawns will reconstruct it until it's achieved. If I remember correctly, it's enabled by default for all new furniture? You can turn that off in options.
RPG Style Inventory Revamped. Much better looking inventory.
Replace Stuff. Allows to directly replace buildings, without having to deconstruct first.
Research Tree. A better research tree.
RimHUD. The best mod of the whole list, it will save you A TON of clicks.
RimSaves. Overhaul of the save menu.
Show Known Techprints on the trade screen.
Show mechanoid weapons on the info screen.
Smarter Construction. No more babysitting pawns when building walls.
Stack gap. By default, pawns constantly refill storages. With this mod, you can configure it so that storages are refiled only when they're empty.
Sun Lamp Honesty. Fixes an issue with sun lamps
Just Put It Over There. Traders will deliver the merchandise, instead of dropping it on the ground.
Trade Ships Drop Spot. Mark the spot in which orbital traders will deliver the merchandise, instead on whenever they feel like it. Doesn't work inside animal pens.
Trading Options. Configure how frequent you want the traders to be.
WVC. More work modes for the mechanitor.
Save Settings. Allows you to save and load storage, production, and clothes settings. Works cross-save!
No Max Bills. Removes the bill cap on workbenches.
Better ground-penetrating scanner
Colored deep resources
Common Sense. Feel free to configure however you like it. I prefer it like this.
Dubs Mint Menus. Improvements to a bunch of menus.
Better Pawn Control. Improved management policies.
Animals Logic. A lot of useful animal-related improvements. Disable the meat option if you're using Optimization Meats.
Non uno Pinata. Pawns don't drop items when downed. Configurable.
Bulk Smelting will save you precious time.
Stonecutting Extended. The same as the previous mod, but for stones.
Electric Stonecutting Table. To speed up the stonecutting even more.
Faster Smoothing, a must for all mountain/underground out there.
Do Your F****** Research. You can order pawns to research.
Go the Fork to Sleep. You can order pawns to sleep.
Meal Radius. Configure how far pawns will search for a table to eat.
Home radius. Configure the size of the automatic home area.
Smarter Visitors. Visitors will leave if things get dangerous.
Custom Guilt Duration. Executions in vanilla are a pain because the guilty status goes away too fast. Now you can configure it.
Dress Patients. Allows dressing of downed pawns.
Way Better Romance
Hunters Use Melee
Injured Carry. Allows to rescue not downed pawns, no longer you have to wait for the bleeding to down them.
Not My Fault. The player is no longer responsible for unrelated deaths on the map.
Deep Storage + Simple Storage. Improves stockpile management.
Pick Up And Haul. Improved hauling.
While You're Up. Complement for the previous mod. Keep in mind that these two mods will trivialize part of the challenge by freeing a lot of time from your colonists. Just, dunno, turn up the difficulty a notch or something.
Trading Spot. Marks where you want traders to stop on your map. It's a must if you use a desired path mod (I don't know if they have been updated to 1.5 yet).
Vanilla Base Generation Expanded. Improved NPC base generation.
Cut plants before building
Psychic Harmonizer Lag Fix
Fellow Ideology players, you're welcome.
- Style Change Anytime
- Persistent Precepts

Mayor changes

Dubs Bad Hygiene. Plumbing!
Vanilla Temperature Expanded. Lot of useful temperature-related buildings, as well as proxy heat, a very cool mechanic. Some buildings are redundant with the previous mod, just don't research the ones that you don't want.
Death Rattle + Biosculpter Patch + Life Support. Changes the behavior of mortal wounds so they're not instakills.
Dynamic Flooding. Inundations!
Some Things Float. I recommend disabling the chance of pawns loosing their footing.
Layered Wall Destruction. Walls aren't just destroyed, they become debris. Note that there's an issue in which the debris will spawn home areas.
Yayo's Combat. Combat overhaul. You can disable the ammunition system if it's not your thing.
Character Editor. Allows you to edit and save/load pawns.
RunAndGun. Allows to use guns while moving, with penalties to accuracy. Don't enable the dual wield or search and destroy modules, they won't work.
EPOE Forked. Fills in the gaps of surgery content in the base game. I recommend disabling the additional workstations and enabling direct crafting only. Less micromanagement, more fun.

Balance

Beautiful Jade
Almostthere1.5. Caravans no longer go to sleep two hours away from their destination.
Stepping Stones. A more reasonable research path.
Dubs Break Mod makes it so that severe mental breaks require severe negative thoughts.
Fists Aren't Made of Steel. Reduces the unarmed melee damage, making prison breaks and tantrums much less frustrating.
No Burn Metal. Sets the flammability of metal buildings, and others, to zero.
Prisoners Fear Turrets
Realistic Rooms Rewritten. Allows to tweak how pawns perceive room sizes.
Ugh You Got Me. Social fights stop when pawns are sufficiently hurt or in pain. Doesn't affect masochists or psychopaths.
Better Pyromania. Way less frustrating.
Mortar Accuracy. Improves mortar mechanics.
Graze up. Grazing rebalanced.
Better Camp Loot
Snap Out! Wardens can try to calm down pawns on mental breaks. "Try" is the keyword here.
Peer Pressure. Opinions matter when converting someone.
Better Gene Inheritance
Vanilla Genes Rebalanced
Gene Trader. Getting xenogenes it's hard, this should easy the burden a bit.

Content

Sparkling Worlds. A bit of everything.
Vanilla Traits Expanded. More traits.
Vanilla Backstories Expanded. More backstories.
Vanilla Chemfuel Expanded. Rimefeller but with less bloat.
Vegetable Garden. More farmable plants.
Vanilla Persona Weapons Expanded + More Persona Traits. More persona weapon variety.
More Ideological Words + More Religious Origins. More ideology variety
Events
Buildings
- Blooming hedges
- Panels & Frames
- Simply More Bridges
- Thrones plus
- Tribal Crib
- Utility Columns
- Medieval deathrest coffin
- Metallic Batteries. You can ignore the error, it'll work anyway.
- Reinforced Walls
- ReSplice: Core
Gear

Atmospheric changes

Interaction Bubbles + SpeakUp. Better social interactions.
Enemy Self Preservation. Enemies severely hurt may try to flee.
No One Left Behind. Fleeing enemies try to rescue their downed allies.
Memorable Auroras. They now have a meaningful -if still small- impact.
Sand Castles. The snowmen of the beaches. Or the deserts.
Sandstorms
Graying Hair. So that hair goes gray gradually with age.
Childrens Drawings
ReGrowth. Overhaul of biomes and much more!
My Little Planet. If you're tired of supercontinents, but still want a smaller board, set planet coverage to 100%, and use the new planet size slider instead.
Geological Landforms. New map shapes.
Biome Transitions. More organic border biomes.
Death Acidifiest. Vanilla death acidifier is lame, this is much cooler.
Graphics
- Yayo's Animation
- Trait and Backstory Icons
- Vanilla Ideology Expanded - Icons and Symbols
- Vanilla Ideology Expanded - Relics and Artifacts
- Vanilla Races Expanded - Custom Icons
- Bionic icons
- Spectacular Skullspike. They're rotable now!
- Muzzle Flash
- More Mini-Horns
- Better Explosions
- Better Vanilla Masking
- Graphic Chair Overhaul 2
- Not Overhead Meal
- Graphics Settings+
- Show Hair With Hats or Hide All Hats. This one takes a while to set up to your preferences, but oh it's so worth it.
- Cuter Biotech Cat/Dog Ear Replacer. If you don't like the meat-colored animal ears from Biotech, this is for you!
- Blood Animations
- Gunplay. Trails can break some mods. If that happens, disable trails in options.
Retextures
- Parka Retexture
- Retextured Apparel
- Retextured Sculptures
- Vanilla Beards Retextured
- Vanilla Hair Retextured
- Vanilla Pawns Retextured
- Marbled Marble
- Essentials: Stone (the stat changes won't work)
- Vanilla Textures Expanded - Variations
- Vanilla Textures Expanded
- I Hate Daylilies
- Biotech Mechanoid Retexture
- Tastier Vanilla Clothes
- Van's Steel
- Glowing Healroot
- More Vanilla Textures
Audio
- Ambient Rim
- Realistic Human Sounds. Not very vanilla, but certainly very funny.
- Actually Vanilla Music Expansion
- P-Music
Hairs

Bonus: comics! And the occasional animation. I noticed newbies aren't aware of these, so I link the profiles of all the artists I could remember. Sorry if I missed anyone. u/daleksdeservevictory, u/AzulCrescent, u/AetherealVanguard, u/ATTF , u/Aelanna , srgrafo, u/Fonzawa, u/Ivancmedia, u/zyll3, u/meto30, u/AeolysScribbles, u/cavalier753, u/GABESTFY, u/VectorData, u/arxian, u/Nguyenanh2132, u/sorrowful_dance, u/meto30, u/-desdinova-, u/truffli

Hey guys,
I’d love to play my home course on the game but I’m simply not a good enough course builder to recreate it. Unless I gave up my day job lol. Wondering if anyone would be interested in building it? I’m thinking between Google earth, videos, pictures etc a fairly accurate recreation is possible. Not sure if this is a thing? Would $ be required? Let me know what y’all think! Thanks, happy playing.

Imagine having an executive-level assistant virtually available to you at your fingerprints.
AI is rapidly advancing towards a future where such features are not just a possibility but a reality accessible to all. The recent webinar AI Primer: Understanding How to Use AI and Getting Started by the Lifehack Method was thrilling and on point on how to optimize the use of these tools today.
Of course, we are still learning a lot as these tools continue to evolve; however, understanding the strengths and limitations of AI has been a game changer for me as a new business owner.
https://preview.redd.it/gqsy2ceetu0d1.jpg?width=929&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=1034e1dd96655dcaa4f68c777eadc694403aab7b
Source: Lifehack Method
Here are my top 3 takeaways on how to deal with these limitations:

Ask a better question. The more specific, the better. (Reference the Socratic Method)
Break the problem into smaller sequential tasks.
Focus on one topic or task at a time.

These tips can help you optimize the use of AI when using it as a companion to solving complex problems by helping you close the knowledge gap. Although fact-checking is still required, the time it saves when brainstorming or doing research is worth it.
I’m curious to know how AI is helping you optimize your workflow. Which tool would you recommend and why?
If you want to learn more about the Lifehack Method I recommend you to start at this free webinar.

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I wanted to play a game on the mobox emulator but I don't have enough space to install it, I saw that there is a virtual clone drive, but every time I try to open the game there is the error "VCDMount - Can't init VCCD!". I searched the Internet and saw that apparently it is because safe mode is activated, so I wanted to know if there is any way to disable it. If anyone could help me please, thank you in advance!

This is a straight to the point buyers guide for people that are wondering if any of the AL ships are worth buying or not. I am here to give you an idea of what's worth, and what's not. I will rank them in descending order for convenience. Keep in mind that these are from my own opinions on the game: my word is not law. These are just my recommendations from my personal experience and a spur of the moment deal personally.

Best Pick: AL Montpelier

This is a premium version of Cleveland, the USN tier VIII CL. However, unlike the later AL premiums, AL Montpelier was unique in at least, a very minor way: She has tighter shot grouping due to a 2.15 sigma versus the standard 2.0 at the cost of slower reload at 0.5 sec slower (7 sec vs 6.5 sec). The result is overall consistent salvos, at the cost of just a little DPM that can be fixed with Adrenaline Rush and Top Grade Gunner, depending on how you build her.
Besides that, she also has un-nerfed version of radar, at a 30 sec vs 27 sec on Cleveland. That doesn't sound like a big deal, but if you run Consumable Enchantments and or Surveillance Radar Mod 1, you have a larger number that the percent based changes will take affect on. Essentially, with both the commander skill and 2nd slot upgrade, you get 39.6 sec vs 35.6 seconds on duration. So a radar build is not bad compared to Cleveland. Besides that, she doesn't have access to the catapult fighter consumable, but that is super seceded by radar and anyways so who cares.
And above all else, it is a Cleveland, which is IMO, a very competitively viable cruiser at tier VIII, with it's very small citadel, thin profile / narrow beam that leads to a lot of over-penetrations, good DPM, good concealment, and good AA. It really only lacks in the speed, gun range, and shell flight time problems, which can be remedied with skill and positioning.
As far as the commander voice acting, Rie Takahashi voices Montpelier. If you do not know who that is or do not care, and just want to know if the commander's voice is annoying or not, then be happy that she isn't overtly grating compared to some of the other commanders you can get. I find her rather composed, cool, and relaxed, fitting the trope of kuudere, if you even know what that means.
TLDR: Premium Cleveland with higher sigma, slightly lower RoF, Longer lasting radar.

Runner Up: AL Sovetsky Rossiya

This is a premium version of Sovetsky Soyuz, the VMF (Soviet Navy) Tier IX BB. Like Montpelier, she is slightly unique to her tech tree counterpart, bar being premium, by having standard battleship dispersion (USN, Royal Navy, German, etc.) instead of Russian BB dispersion formula that gets way better inside 15km. She does also have 1.8 sigma versus 1.7 sigma, for slightly tighter shot grouping. So, while Soyuz excels at mid range, Rossiya excels at long range, which does reasonably well considering the average high tier meta these days.
Other than that, you retain all the upsides of Fast action Damage Control Parties, the tough hull design of the Sovetsky Soyuz. The only other thing you DO NOT get is the AA, as she has the Hull A of Sovetsky Soyuz, and in turn has worse AA overall. In fact, she has such bad AA that only Musashi beats her out in having worse AA for Tier IX battleships. So yeah, CVs that know their targets will have free reign on you, so stick close to allies in CV matches.
Now a I'll be honest with you, Rossiya is not a super competitive BB at tier IX, so this choice is really just down to being different in few ways instead of blatant copy paste. Really, only AL Montpelier is the only super competitive option here. So above all else, Rossiya is a side grade if anything and you should not fear of having FOMO for not getting her. Besides, she's not an historical ship that is going to get removed because it was OP, so fret not (~~COUGH COUGH MUSASHI, COUGH COUGH ALASKA, COUGH COUGH MISSOURI)~~.
Lastly, the commander is voiced by Manami Numakura. I can really only characterize her as cool, tough, deep voiced anime woman archetype. I dunno really how to explain it that well, so I apologize for anyone that likes her due to my poor description.
TLDR: Premium Sovetsky Soyuz Hull A with 1.8 sigma and standard battleship dispersion.
OK, with those two out of the way, I want to put a disclaimer here that the next ships are purely optional and not super worth it IMO and really only selected for being different than the rest, I.E. not something that is currently offered in other ships / premium ships already in-game.

Optional 1st Pick: AL Prinz Heinrich

This is a premium version of Prinz Heinrich, the tier VII german battlecruiser of the Ersatz Yorck class. She is a 1 for 1 copy of Prinz Heinrich: no special differences here besides premium benefits.
Now, while she is not unique in any way, she is not a bad battlecruiser for tier VII standards. This mainly comes down to the 50mm deck plating she has in a tier wrought with battleships with just 26mm of plating on their decks. Really, any tier VII battleship that has more than 27mm of plating is really competitive in this tier, simply because they don't get overmatched or full-penned by HE. It's sort of why Scharnhorst '43 is so popular and good, since she doesn't get chunked for 10k when hit by 15 in + guns (380mm guns for ya'll metric nerds).
Besides that, she's not slow as hell, going at a decent 28 knots, has 15in guns herself, has fast acting DCP, and is the first ship in the german battlecruisefast battleship line that gets that sweet improved secondary dispersion formula, which despite the 9km max range, means that she has free DPM to let the game play itself essentially. Combined with torpedoes, she can bum rush many slower and weaker battleships that the german battlecruiser line is famous for. And on top of all that, she also has hydro for better pushing to see torpedoes earlier, or push smoked up ships.
Now for some cons, the guns, while using battlecruiser dispersion have an awful 1.5 sigma, so your shot grouping is... bad. Do not be surprised if a lot of your shells in your salvo get a mind of their own. Besides that, she's on the below average end of HP for tier VII, at 56k. Also, she does have 25mm bow and stern. She does have a 30mm extended belt (colloquially known as an ice breaker), which is followed by 120mm extended belt, that protects the lower portion of the ship from overmatch bar 18in guns that she MIGHT face in the likes of Georgia, Sun Yat Sen, Musashi, and Tsurugi, and Adatara. Still, that doesn't mean she is immune from overmatch, as the odd shell can still get through her bow and stern and chunk you, so do not bet on it 100%.
Now that is for the most part, the review. However, for any true fans out there, they know that Prinz Heinrich from AL is actually a P-Class cruiser, AKA Schill in this game. Since Schill was a limited time ship that required whaling for her, and that wargaming dropped the ball and just did "Oh this ship has the same name! Here ya go!" then you know how much this kind of sucks. If you just like Prinz Heinrich, and want her as a premium, you can ignore this tidbit, but for any true fans that DO NOT have Schill, you're shit outta luck.
As far as commander goes, the voice actor, Hiyori Nitta, does a wonderful job characterizing a carefree and bubbly character. As previously mentioned, I recommend putting her on Schill if you really care about game accuracy, that is, if you even had Schill to begin with.
TLDR: Premium Prinz Heinrich copy-paste. Get it only if you really like Prinz Heinrich (the ship) which is actually pretty good for its tier, and want a premium version of it, or Prinz Heinrich as the character.

Optional 2nd Pick: AL Shimakaze

Hoo boy, this one might be controversial. This is a special ship (NOT a premium ship) of IJN DD, Shimakaze.
Shimakaze really needs no introduction. It is the old school torpedo boat that coined the phrase "Torpedo soup" or at least contributed to that phrase. It can put 3x5 23k damage, 12km Type 93 long lance torpedoes into the water. It has some of the best concealment for her tier, getting down to 5.6km surface detect, and good speed at 39 kts (42 kts when speed boost is active). It has been here since the games launch, and well, admittedly, or at least in my opinion, has seen better days.
Still, while some other DDs might have powercrept her a little, you can't mistake the fact that a well played Shimakaze can terrorize a team that lacks the tools to pin her down. Even if that is seldom the case most of the time (48% win rate on NA out of 8 million battles), the ship still has strong tools when played to it's strengths. 23k damage torpedoes are no joke... if you get hit by them at least, as they have a pretty awful average reaction time of ~9.35 sec (according to wows ship builder). Now, this can be sort of remedied with building for torpedo speed, getting torpedo tubes mod 1 and swift fish to decrease that time to ~8.5 sec, but that's still far above the average of 7.8 sec most torpedoes have in other nations. Still, if you get the right angle, devstriking a full HP battleship is not uncommon if you get a perfectly lined up shot. Thing is, it takes WAY more skill and positioning than you think it does, especially considering that most top tier players sort of know what they're doing, and that a lot of top tier ships can run hydroacoustic search these days.
Combined with the fact that she has some of the worse gun DPM of any tier X DD, and has fairly low HP for the tier, it can be fairly hard to play this ship unless you get just the best matchmaking ever. It's a real feast or famine type ship, which I would say summarizes most of the IJN Shimakaze line in general, bar maybe the mid tiers. All this really means is that Shimakaze is NOT the most competitive DD at tier X, as arguably many other nations have better torpedo boats, or better yet, opt for hybrid boats that can defend themselves fairly well, such as the Pan Euro DDs. Still, as mentioned earlier, if played to her strengths, she can be a good ship, but all I am arguing for is that she is not a meta ship, at least in my opinion.
Now, onto the whole Special Ship thing. Yes, this IS a tier X ship that can be bought for money. And YES, this is like the ARP Yamato deal, allowing noob whales to skip to tier X and forgo all the blood sweat and tears that goes into grinding to top tier. ~~And YES, IT'S A SHIMAKAZE, THE TIER X NOOB MACHINE. I DO NOT HAVE HIGH HOPES FOR MANY AL SHIMAKAZE PLAYERS EITHER~~. With that out of the way, what benefit do you get for getting a special ship version of Shimakaze?
Well, to start, Special ships essentially have the premium bonus package already baked in, I.E: +50% Credits, +100% Ship XP, +100% Commander XP, +100% Free XP. On top of that, you also have a reduced repair cost compared to a standard tier X. Besides that, you can freely swap commanders onto this ship like a premium ship with no retraining required, making it a good trainer. These are the ONLY 2 reasons that make this ship more economically viable compared to Shimakaze. While the bonus package on Shimakaze can achieve 1 of these 3 effects, the other two, reduced repair cost and free commander swapping, puts this above standard Shimakaze as a result.
So, unfortunately, This is a slightly better Shimakaze. So if you REALLY like Shimakaze, and want a premium version of it, well, here it is, for a lot of goddamn money. Like $100+ expensive. Go figure ya know?
Also, the commander is voiced by Saori Hayami.
TLDR: Special Ship verison of Shimakaze. Take if you ~~are a whale~~ have a lot of expendable income to burn, AND really like Shimakaze (The ship), and or really like Shimakaze (the AL character).

Optional 3rd Pick: AL Yukikaze

AL Yukikaze is a similar version of the IJN DD Kagero, but with F8 torpedoes and no option for torpedo reload booster.
Now, this is the last of the semi-unique AL ships, as every other one has been copy-paste. Yukikaze at the very least is different in that she has F8 torpedoes. These differ than Kagero's choice by having less range, (8km vs 10km), higher damage (21k vs 20k), faster reload (104 sec vs 112 sec), and higher speed (76kts to 67kts) which also leads to a better reaction time of ~8.8 sec vs ~9.45 sec.
Now, does this make Yukikaze better? No, not really, as 8km is rather short range for high tier standards. It does make them almost break past ~8 sec reaction time with a full torpedo speed build, the best of any type 93 torpedo, but combined with the fact that it has no other differences in gun handling, DPM, HP, and consumables, I find this shorter ranged torpedo to be a high risk high reward setup, which already exacerbates high tier IJN DD gameplay further than it already is, being so heavily feast or famine.
I can really only recommend this ship if you really like Kagero for whatever reason and really like the 8km F8 playstyle. That and if you like the history of the ship and or like the character of the ship, voiced by Kana Yuuki, despite how annoying and self aggrandizing her character is made out to be.
TLDR: Kagero but 8km F8 torpedoes.
OK, now for the ships I really do not recommend at all for varying reasons. The reviews are going to be more brief from here on out.

Skip 1: AL Cheshire

Only get this if you really, REALLY want to get Cheshire right now. Currently, regular Cheshire is off sale, and cannot be obtained. For whatever reason you think you might need Cheshire, this is the only way to obtain her at the moment in AL form. Which more than likely means that if you want her, you are more than likely a fan of the AL character, as the ship itself is pretty bad. Kind of polarizing given that Cheshire in AL is pretty meta, and her in WoWs she's pretty solidly in D tier for competitiveness.
She is essentially a worse Albemarle, having no Spotter Plane, and garbage DPM for the tier. Really, the 9.2 in guns really only offer 59mm of pen vs 34mm, and better AP pen with overall flatter flight times, but not by much. The armor is Okayish, but trust me when you will get smacked through your bow and stern often, as you have a stepped citadel that if you get overmatched through either direction, you WILL get citadelled. While you get that 50% cit and hull repair party, it really doesn't matter that much when it happens so often, or you just get straight up dev striked. Combined with the lack of spotter plane, that 16km gun range will feel really short, especially when you are bottom tier.
You can at least be happy that the AA she has is up to par in how she is in AL, as it's best in class for her tier. Well, mostly, but her Flak Count is above average at 6+1, and combined with always having defensive fire, I recommend getting the commander skill Focus Fire Training, so you get that +1 flak cloud for 8 in total, which combined with Defensive fires flak buff, those flak bursts will do 7k a pop, Which is the equivalent to instantly destroying about 7 to 3 planes depending on the type if they run into it while DF is active.
Besides that, the commander is voiced by Shizuka Ishigami, and well, pretends to be a catgirl.
TLDR: Get this if you really really, REALLY want Cheshire and you don't have one, or because you really like the AL character.

Skip 2: AL Hornet

This is just Hornet. You can get her cheaper with a 25% discount coupon. It's also a CV, which I imagine is not everyones cup of tea.
The commander is voiced by Nozomi Yamamoto, and personally, I enjoy the happy go lucky characterization she has. This might be the ONLY reason you want to get Hornet, that or because you like the cool skin the ship has, and or the free 10 point commander.
TLDR: Get regular Hornet with 25% discount. ONLY buy this if you love AL Hornet (the character) to pieces.

Skip 3 & 4: AL Azuma and AL Agir

These two are just Agir and Azuma, coal ships, that you can get absolutely for free. They are also not really the best Tier IX cruisers anyways, as Azuma is super vulnerable to battleships, and Agir doesn't match up to the likes of other large cruisers at this tier.
That said, I can only imagine you getting these ships for the same reasons for Hornet, and that is because you are a fan of the AL characterization of these ships, as Azuma is voiced by Kiyono Yasuno, and Agir, Ayane Sakura. Or you just like the ship skins.
TLDR: Get Azuma and or Agir for free with Coal. ONLY buy this if you love AL Agir / AL Azuma (the characters).

BONUS: Commander Pack

Hahaha no. Unless you really love AL and don't mind by dropping... looks at price... 100$+ USD and getting a ton of fully voiced commanders, then go for it. The only other reason would be because you are a fresh player and need 10 point commanders for most of the nations in this game, which is really only useful if you need say concealment expert on destroyers for example, then sure, go for it if you find that to be an OK option.

Recently I've wanted to make the jump from console to pc mainly to play games like DayZ, rust some 4x strategy and and also things like starfield and Cyberpunk. I genuinely am completely new to everything pc building and want all criticism, laugh at me if you want. If you could tell me if this setup that I put together is too much/too little for what I want to use it for I would appreciate it so much. All information is welcome no matter how small. Also if you have suggestions for cheaper parts that accomplish virtually the same I would also be very happy to hear.
https://pcpartpicker.com/list/6tQtTY

Hey friends!
Looks like the Deck Building Card Battle (20 Card Decks) won yesterday. Thank you for participating in the vote.
Because this is the first group game, it will be very casual, as this will all be done on Reddit. I'll enable our chat to help out, but I'll need your help to keep people from abusing it. For the future, I want to have a discord server where we can interact better, but that's a slow process for me (anyone with experience and a desire to help please DM me).
I'll start out by really introducing myself; I'm Magnus, a game designer in Vancouver, Canada. My company, BRB Games, has been a subsidiary of a large game company, and my employees and I primarily designed games for ages 3-12. I have worked on a few other projects as a consultant, mainly doing logic, core design, testing, etc. In November we found out cutbacks were incoming. Due to a tight contract, I've had a second job the last few years as a lead robotics designer (among other hats) to cover my costs, plus top-up my own employees at BRB. I was often doing 16 hour days, juggling way too much, ontop of a 3 hour commute if I even went home. We all talked and closure was the best choice. Most of my employees were picked up right away, or transitioned into the parent company, and in April, my last person got a fantastic job remotely for an Australian company as a junior designer. I gave my notice with my employer and that brings me to here and now. I have time to actually go to conventions again, I'll be teaching 4 classes a month in person, I'm interning a highschool student in game design from California currently, a volunteer math tutor, and I feel I can finally help everyone in boardgamedesign. I want build this community back up, the best it's ever been. When it closed due to the Reddit protest, we lost 80,000 subs. I became the mod after 2 attempts (and a long talk with Reddit admins). Honestly, this calling in life fulfills me, and if I can pass on anything to you, or help get your game noticed and sold, I'm more than happy to. Long intro short, I'm here to help, so feel free to ask me anything and if I don't know the answer (happens a lot), we can find out!
Also, thanks to our mods u/bgg-uglywalrus and u/MudkipzLover. Without them, we couldn't do this. Their experience, determination and willingness for anything boardgames is inspirational and a foundation of what we are. Thank you, muchly.
So to get started on the game, I want to focus on the first aspects of proper design:

This document will be updated constantly until we lock it and create the next stage.

-------------------------------------------------

Card Game: Deck Builder

(Boardgamedesign Edition)
1 - Main Objective (DEVELOPMENT STAGE)

Design an engaging card game battle experience with deck building mechanics.
Defeat opponents deck by reducing Heath to zero
Creating a lock out condition.

2 - Card Types:

Character cards, artifact cards, condition cards
(Group Defined)

3 - Resource System:

Cards are played from hand as defined per card.
Cards are activated using resources (?)
Cards are activated with combining each cards defined resource value(?)
(Group Defined Input)

4 - Deck Construction

20 Cards per deck hard limit
Players construct a deck using individual preset decks of 20 cards.
Players share a pool of universal condition cards (?)

5 - Card and Deck Abilities, Conditions, Effects

(Group Defined)

6 - Game Mechanisms
• Setup - (layout as we define structure)

Shuffle
Determine turn order
Draw (x) cards to hand (?)
First turn rules (no attacks, activations?)

Turn Structure and Phases

Draw
Playing
Activating
Resolving
Player Universal Actions
Resolving Turn

7 - Combat Logistics

Activation
Checks
Blocks
Damage Dealt
Conditions (Weakness, Lasting effects?)
Interactions
Resolution

8 - Win Conditions

Reducing players health to zero
Defeating all defensive cards (?)
Creating a zero sum condition (unique mechanic or the gimmick)

9 - Balancing and Maths (ALPHA STAGE)

Spreadsheet stats analysis (as we go)
FIRST INTERNAL PLAYTESTING (yay!)
Recording data sets of all conditions
Extensive strategy testing

10 - Reworks based on data / feedback

Group input about what worked, and didn't
Refine Ruleset
Card conditions and activation tweaks
Gameplay change and redesign as needed

You can ALWAYS change your game at any time, this is a checks and balance dedicated to it

11 - Closed Public Playtesting (BETA STAGE)

Closed as the artwork isn't finished yet, and play conditions are directly controlled

Create play sheets for players
Conditions to try Feedback for a variety of mechanics
Seek out closed groups (either local, or online)
Compile data and rework as needed

12 - Art and Theme

It's time to dedicate our resources to visual appeal and player immersion

Artwork

Overall game theme
Deck theme
Character theme
Dice, Spinner, token theme (components)

Player Immersion

Game backstory ("Once a year, players...")
Individual deck story
Unique wording and phrases
Compelling intrigue dialogue

Promotional Materials (Unique Art and tone)

Art testing
Compile feedback forms
Test for colour visions, dyslexia and other impairments

Art reworks and touchups
13 - Rulebook Design and Creation

To be succinct, the rules will be compiled already, this is the design aspect

List all game rules and mechanisms
Startup guide (can be a seperate insert)
Quick references (if complicated)
Determine phrasing based on thematics
Artwork and formatting
Page count Structure and finesse

14 - Production and Distribution
Decide on platform (Digital or Physical, or Both)
Digital

Select release program Design phase (Inhouse or hire)
Testing inhouse
Testing public
Feedback Review and reworks

Physical

Determine desired materials (Request sample)
Playtest with physical prototypes (We know certain materials hold up and reuse them to save time, so we only need to heavily test if we are using an unknown vendor, new product or process, or new paints).
Determine content arrangement
Choose box size
Design insert
Box art creation
Decide on manufacturer
Get specifications about batch sizes, weight, and distribution to warehouse / choice location
Calculate shipping and vendor distribution

15 - Creating your sell sheet

You'll have the data to do this now.

16 - Public Review Playtesting and Attention

We are able to send out prototypes before this step

Select choice game stores, boardgame bars, playtesting groups, reviewers, streamers / YouTubers, notable designers, game design companies, publishers, and convention directors (You'll want to have a diaglue about review in exchange for a free game, credits or money. Return shipping if needed. Also a timeframe!).

17 - Community Engagement

Honestly this should be happening very early. The more people know about your game from an early stage, the more they feel connected. Ask for controlled opinions, and respond to everyone within reasonable limits. Every person and is a potential customer now and in the future, and you are building loyalty to YOU, not the game.

Forums, Reddit, Online videos, Interviewers, Blogs, Website, Conventions, In person, everywhere!
Business cards are affordable, grab them
(More?)

18 - Crowdfunding

We'll cover this more

-------------------------------------------------
Alright, this is my basic design format for board game development, with an updated minimal and modern approach. I'm going to treat it as a loose project management, with a 2 week turn around on the development stage.
Please feel free to add a comment with the section you'd like to add to. We can respond to those threads for more detail, but EACH comment will be a different design element. Your name will be added to that section and that's your contribution! More than 1 person can be credited for the section, and more than 1 section can be credited to a person, because we are all collaborating!
When it comes to the deck creations, keep the art and theme to yourself for now, but list what you want in a deck mechanic. We will come to themes when it is time.
Again, this document will be updated constantly until we lock it and create the next stage.
If we determine that this project comes to a marketable standing (which is not intended, but never say no to glory), contributors will have a few options. Either DM me your real info for credit or your username will be used. I know privacy is a premium on the internet, but I can only credit those that want it. If that means creating a new account to protect your privacy, you'll have to DM the mod team so we can approve you due to low karma automod.
Lastly, anything you contribute to this project is considered the IP of the project as a whole. Credit where credit is due (having your name on a project is a HUGE start for your resume), but please only contribute if you understand that there is no financial incentive, nor compensation of any kind outside of credit. I can't afford to feed you all :)

I haven’t played a city builder really. Played age of empires years ago and loved that. This game has peaked my interest but I wanna know if it’s worth a shot at $40

Hi builders ! So I just bought the game on ps5 and I fail to log in to my Microsoft account. Tried many times, gives me the same boring screen with the QR code to connect.. what am I doing wrong ? Someone know something to avoid this ? Thanks !

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