🥹 and I’m hyped that they noticed, and are taking some!
I like to leave my lovely, visiting Porch Birds little interesting twigs, leaves, plant fluff, and other nesting materials, after I noticed they liked to take the dried leaves I had up for decoration.
This Chickadee has found a tuft of cat fur!! But don’t worry. The cats aren’t on meds; I’d never use flea drops, or chemicals on them; and they’re very strictly indoor kitties. They only drink filtered water. This is quality cat hair we’re talkin’, here! PM me if you’re interested 😂
So happy for this little visiting chickadee pair. Notice he flies up to get some seeds, and see what’s up, as she’s calling out, gathering fluff.
Can y’all even imagine …BABY chickadees?!
I’m so excited.

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View the sneak peek ad on Aldi's website by scrolling down to where it says BROWSE OTHER ADS and choosing the latest date range. Sneak Peek ads are mostly the same across the US but may differ slightly. The Full Upcoming Aldi Finds Ad is available here.
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I journeyed back to Pallet Town, both excited to see mom, but also concerned because of the next step gym. I wanted her advice as always, and catching up with Professor Oak is a always a pleasure.
I have so much more story to tell after I last spoke to my mom upon arriving in Cerulean City.
A kind man told me that there is a shortcut to Pewter City if I go through Diglett’s Cave, but beware of the Magnitudes that may happen with every step.
I was a little nervous, so I prepped myself by restocking my medicine before I entered the cave. I kept Bat the now Golbat by my side, as she was most comfortable in the cave environment. The first Diglett we saw rattled the ground with a Magnitude 7… and Golbat laughed for the first time ever! She has always been so serious during battles, but watching Bat laugh at the little moles trying their hardest was a sight to see to see. The cave wasn’t scary at all :)
I sent out Ch’Ding the Farfetch’d to chop down some small trees that led us to a small house outside of the cave.
Ch’Ding and I had a rough patch after our first introduction.
A girl in Vermillion City named Alyssa told me that she dreamed of visiting her brother in Fuschia City, but her Farfetch’d wasn’t strong enough to fly that far. She wanted a larger Fearow to be able to carry her comfortably, so I traded her a Spearow for her Farfetch’d.
Ch’Ding wasn’t happy about the deal. In fact, he was adamant on not participating in most fights. I tried training him up, but he literally fell asleep against another trainer. He was benched until he learned some manners.
After witnessing Goose, the jolly Magicarp, evolve in a Gyrados and then single-handedly take down Misty, I think Ch’Ding realized that maybe I wasn’t so bad and that I could help him grow.
We became buds, but I think Ch’Ding is starting to look up to one of the big guys, the lonely Fearow. Well, not quite Lonely. In fact, little Sparrow evolved after taking down Skynyrd’s Pidgeotto! But I’ll tell that story when I get back to mom’s house.
Ch’Ding and I were surprised to see one of Professor Oak’s Aids right outside of the cave! He evaluated our Pokédex and rewarded me with the HM Flash!
I taught Parakeet, the Butterfree, the blinding Flash move. Parakeet’s eyes shined a slightly dimmed rose color and honestly she looked more menacing that ever. This hasty bug is currently my most powerful ‘mon and has gotten me out of a lot of sticky situations, which is ironic because he string shotted me into oblivion when we first met.
The Professor’s Assistant told me that Oak actually needed to see me, which made me slightly concerned. He told me to bring Dragon, my Chameleon, to to Pallet town for a small project. Nothing to worry.
He also told me he had a friend at the Pewter Museum that he would like me to meet.
I chose to go to Pallet Town first.
On the way there, I noticed a man laying in the bushes near the entrance of Viridian City. I approached him, concerned for his health, but he woke up when my shadow covered the sunlight.
I apologized, but he actually thanked me and told me he was having a nightmare. He offered HIS thanks for some reason by teaching one of my Pokémon the move Dream Eater.
Parakeet was the only one able to learn it, but that worked out perfectly because it pairs well with his compound eyes sleep powder.
I thanked him and proceeded to walk down Rt. 1 with Chickadee the Pidgeotto out front. She was excited to see some friends that didn’t recognize her at first. She has grown a whopping 21 levels since she last visited the place where she was born.
I took a deep breath once I reached Pallet Town. It’s always smelled like rain, and there’s always a slight breeze. It’s nice to be home.
I knocked on the front door. My mom opened it with a smile, and before I could hug her, Dragon popped out of his poke ball and hugged her first!
The loud bashfullness of Dragon and Chickadee caught the attention of Professor Oak and Daisy, who were just leaving the house next door.
Mom sent out her Jigglypuff and Mr. Mime, Daisy sent out her Chansey and Oddish, Professor Oak sent out Bulbasaur and Skynyrd’s Wartortle, and I sent out the team.
I asked where Skynyrd was and why his Wartortle was here. Daisy told me that I just missed Skynyrd and that he was upset with me and didn’t want to see me. I told everyone about how I last saw him on the SS Anne. I brought up Bill, the man who gave me the ticket, and Professor Oak told me the first time he met him. It’s a small world after all.
After dinner, Professor Oak told me that he wanted to evaluate our starters and that he has a special task for them to do. I could pick him up in a week. I hugged Dragon goodbye for now as he left with Professor Oak and Daisy.
It was just me and mom now. (Pic 1) I told her that I was worried about losing a friend at the next gym.
LT. Surge is not just a massive man, but also a massive threat. With years of training in the war, his Raichu wasn’t anything to mess around with.
Mom told me she remembers when his Raichu was still a Pikachu. She told me that he was in boot camp with my father, who was given a Nidoran to train with at the time.
Mom reassured me that everything was going to be okay because I trained my Pokémon to be strong and independent. More importantly, they all felt love and teamwork. She told me that whatever happens, she would still love me too.
I fell asleep in my room for the first time in months. I put some moon stones on my shelf as decorations. I said goodbye to my room, and then hugged my mom as I left the house.
.
I made sure to stop at the Pewter City Museum to meet with the Assistant’s friend. To my surprise, he entrusted me with an ancient fossil to resurrect when the time is right. I saw a peak of the monster’s skeleton the last time I visited, and I felt determined to add this winged beast to the roster. (Pic 2)
.
I made my way through Diglett’s cave, this time with Parakeet’s eerie glowing eyes warding off all wild Pokémon
.
I slept for the night at the Pokémon Center. I met an Ace Trainer who was healing her Poliwrath and Pinsir. She gave a VS Seeker for free!
.
A man gave me an Old Rod for free after he noticed me training Goose
.
The president of the Pokémon club wanted his Rapidash to meet Dragon. Maybe some day :)
His Fearow is 2 feet taller than Sparrow! Absolutely massive!
.
I trained against some new trainers and some of LT Surge’s employees east of Diglett’s Cave.
.
And now I felt ready to fight Surge. A full team of 6, just barley shy of reaching level 25, against his electric team.
Parakeet, the hasty monster devoured his team. Sleep powder, dream eater, repeat.
A few shock waves, a few quick attacks.. Nothing could stop Parakeet. I was worried for nothing :)
(Pic 3, 4)

Hello! Finally, We will be concluding Season 1 with what I have missed and review the Anime II and Festive Extravaganza Decks! I will be doing something different this time.
The Good:
I absolutely adore the Nausicaa card, its ao good to have an easy-to-use OP Basic. I also like the week long Spotlights, gives out more chances to get stuff like Shinigamis, man I miss those weeks in Anime II and Festive Extravaganza weeks. The new Old Man Winter is great too, allows me to get Forces of Nature better, and I also liked the new Wheel in the Festive Extravaganza events as well, allows me to get LimLegs and LimEpics even easier somewhat. Lastly, I also adore the new Alice Blue and Frosty Leo Nebula cards, those seem to be great ways to revive the new meta without being OP. I always found the Arena Rules themselves okay, Cailleach and A Visit To St. Nicholas are decent at best.
The Bad:
The Futurology cards in Anime II week. Excuse mem but what anime referrence are you trying to make here? Neither is Lunar Gateway. In fact, it should not even be the Epic Finder for Anime II if that's the case. Neither should the League Rules have Bugs, What are you trying to do here? Also, some of the Events during the Festive Extravaganza weeks felt way too hard, and only overspecialized players with OP Mythics would be winning, not to mention that super-inflated Shinigami is only added in recent weeks.There's no Festive Traditions Arena Bonuses during the first few weeks of Festive Extravaganza even! And the balance patch left a bad taste in my mouth, for how questionable the balance changes are. Why are Shakespeare's First Folio and Statue of Liberty only nerfed by 1/6 of their Power if all it took to get Lu Dongbin out of the meta is a reduction of more than 1/3 of its hitting Power. Yes, and it somehow needs to have a limit on how many Eight Immortals cards it can use as fodder to strengthen itself.
The !Ugly:
1st pic: Stella and Selina enjoy making snow angels while a Svalbard Reindeer and an absolutely ginormous Nanuqsaurus follows. Vilhjalmur Stefansson is currently building snowmen in the night.
2nd Pic: The inside of Stella and Selina's house has a wallpaper that matches the colors of the 7 albums (Arts, Land, Ocean, History, Space, Paleo and Science), and the Christmas Tree has decorations and objects under the three that show some of the collections I have completed (Amazing Astronauts, Hybrid Animals, Monsters of the Deep, Fearsome Flyers, Cute Cats, Moon in Motion, Signs of the Zodiac, Venomous Creatues, Groundbreakers, On Track and Prominent Painters) The Advent Wreath is modified to contain 6 candles, representing the 6 weeks of League Reviews I have missed, and the Star is attached to a minature Frosty Leo Nebula ornament. There is also a Samoyed (or at least, what looks like a Samoyed), a Pineapple Porcupine about to sleep, a picture of the Galactic Halo, a Tundra Vole, the same Pyramid Texts stolen earlier in Rebirth. There's also a perched Black-capped Chickadee, and Herodotus is also sitting in a table with the harpy girl we saw last last month in Spookfest II week review, they are about to eat the Bibingka and King Cake, respectively, and their table has a pot of Bossier's Glory-of-the-Snow
3rd Pic: The room of Buffs and Nerfs has Alice Blue sitting on a couch, next to the door that leads to the room in the 2nd pic, alongside a standing Princess Nausicaa. The dartboard above as the Dracula Parrot, Shakespeare's First Folio and Statue of Liberty cards, the latter two have been hit by darts to show that they were nerfed.
Overall:
A great hiatus it has been, and one worth the ginormous wait. Season 1 has now come to an end, and we will now be having new adventures, oh, and I am deciding to cancel throwback decks from now on. If I could rate the weeks individually:
Anime II: 9/10
Festive I: 8.8/10
Festive II: 8.6/10
Festive III: 8.2/10
Festive IV: 8.5/10
Festive V (New Year): 7.9/10.

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The gentle rustle of leaves, the distant chirping of crickets, and the melodious songs of feathered visitors – a well-placed bird feeder transforms any backyard into a haven of nature's symphony. Bird feeders are not just accessories; they are invitations to a vibrant world of avian wonders. Let's delve into the enchanting realm of bird feeders, exploring their significance, types, and the joy they bring to both feathered friends and avid bird watchers.

The Significance of Bird Feeders

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A. Biodiversity Boost

Attraction of Diverse Bird Species

Bird feeders play a pivotal role in boosting biodiversity by attracting a wide array of bird species to residential areas. The availability of supplementary food sources encourages birds with varying dietary preferences, sizes, and colors to visit, creating a vibrant and diverse avian community. This diversity contributes to the overall richness of the local ecosystem.
Contribution to Backyard Ecosystem
The presence of bird feeders doesn't just attract birds; it contributes to the intricacies of the backyard ecosystem. Birds serve as natural pest controllers, helping to regulate insect populations. Additionally, their foraging activities aid in seed dispersal, fostering the growth of plants. Bird feeders, therefore, act as catalysts for a balanced and flourishing backyard environment.

B. Educational Opportunities

Close Observation of Avian Behavior

Bird feeders offer unparalleled opportunities for close observation of avian behavior. Enthusiasts can witness feeding patterns, social interactions, and nesting behaviors up close. This hands-on experience provides valuable insights into the lives of birds, fostering a deeper understanding of their habits and adaptations.

Fostering Appreciation for Wildlife

The educational aspect of bird feeders extends beyond the birds themselves. Observing the intricate relationships between birds and their environment fosters an appreciation for the complexities of wildlife ecosystems. Bird feeding becomes a gateway to understanding the interconnectedness of all living beings and the importance of preserving natural habitats.

Supporting Environmental Conservation

Beyond observation, bird feeders become tools for environmental education. By actively engaging in bird feeding, individuals become advocates for environmental conservation. Understanding the impact of human activities on bird habitats encourages responsible practices and a commitment to preserving biodiversity for future generations.

C. Stress Relief and Serenity

Tranquil Ambiance in the Presence of Birds

The presence of birds around feeders creates a tranquil ambiance in outdoor spaces. The gentle chirping and fluttering of wings provide a natural soundtrack that induces a sense of calm and relaxation. Bird feeders transform outdoor areas into peaceful retreats, offering individuals a serene escape from the hustle and bustle of daily life.

Therapeutic Escape from Daily Life

Observing birds at feeders offers a therapeutic escape from the stresses of daily life. The simple act of watching these winged visitors provides a mental reprieve, reducing stress and promoting overall well-being. Bird feeders serve as accessible windows to nature's calming influence, enhancing mental health through the healing power of the outdoors.

D. Photography Delight

Joy of Capturing Avian Beauty

Bird feeders become stages for the captivating performances of feathered artists. The joy of capturing the intricate beauty of birds, from vibrant plumage to graceful movements, becomes a delightful pursuit for photography enthusiasts. Bird feeders transform backyards into private studios where photographers can document the elegance of their avian subjects.

Endless Opportunities for Stunning Snapshots

The dynamic interactions around bird feeders offer endless opportunities for stunning snapshots. Birds in various stages of flight, perched on feeders, or engaged in playful behaviors provide photographers with an ever-changing canvas. Bird feeders, therefore, become not only sources of sustenance for birds but also inspirational settings for creating visually striking images.
In essence, the significance of bird feeders goes beyond the provision of food; they serve as catalysts for biodiversity, educational enrichment, stress relief, and creative inspiration. Bird enthusiasts find joy in the multifaceted contributions of feeders, creating a harmonious intersection between human life and the captivating world of birds.

Types of Bird Feeders

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Bird feeders come in various designs, each catering to different bird species and feeding preferences. Choosing the right type of feeder can enhance your bird-watching experience and attract a diverse array of feathered visitors. Here are some common types of bird feeders:

Hopper Feeders

Hopper feeders, also known as house feeders, are a popular choice among bird enthusiasts for their versatile design and ability to attract a variety of bird species. Here are some key features and benefits of hopper feeders:

Enclosed Design and Platform

Hopper feeders feature an enclosed container-like structure with a platform for birds to perch while feeding. The enclosed design serves multiple purposes. It provides a sheltered space for birds to access the seeds, protecting them from rain and adverse weather conditions. Additionally, the design helps in preventing seed spillage, keeping the feeding area relatively tidy.

Attraction of Various Birds

One of the notable advantages of hopper feeders is their ability to attract a diverse range of bird species. The platform provides ample space for both large and small birds to feed comfortably. This inclusivity makes hopper feeders a focal point for birdwatchers looking to observe and enjoy the presence of various feathered visitors in their backyard. Common visitors to hopper feeders include cardinals, finches, and sparrows.

Protection from Elements

Hopper feeders offer a level of protection from the elements, enhancing their appeal to both birds and bird enthusiasts. The overhanging roof or design elements in some hopper feeders shield the seeds from rain and snow. This protection ensures that the seeds remain dry and accessible even during inclement weather, contributing to the overall reliability of the feeder.
In summary, hopper feeders are a fantastic addition to any bird-friendly backyard. Their enclosed design with a platform not only attracts a diverse array of birds but also provides a sheltered and protected space for feeding. Whether you're a seasoned birdwatcher or a novice enthusiast, a hopper feeder can create an inviting space for avian visitors while offering a front-row seat to the wonders of the natural world.

Tube Feeders

Tube feeders are a popular choice among bird enthusiasts, offering a unique design that caters to the feeding habits of various bird species. Here are key features and benefits of tube feeders:

Cylindrical Chambers, Perches, and Ports

Tube feeders are characterized by their cylindrical chambers, which house bird seeds, and the presence of perches and feeding ports. The cylindrical design serves as a protective container for the seeds, preventing spillage and ensuring efficient seed dispensation. Perches and feeding ports are strategically placed to allow birds easy access to the seeds.

Ideal for Smaller Birds

The design of tube feeders makes them particularly suitable for smaller bird species. The slender perches and smaller feeding ports discourage larger birds from monopolizing the feeder, creating an environment where smaller birds can comfortably access and feed. This makes tube feeders an excellent choice for those who wish to attract finches, chickadees, and nuthatches.

Gradual Seed Dispensation

One notable feature of tube feeders is their ability to dispense seeds gradually. The design allows for controlled seed flow, preventing an excessive amount of seeds from being accessible at once. This controlled dispensation not only minimizes waste but also ensures a steady and reliable food source for the visiting birds.
In conclusion, tube feeders are a versatile and efficient option for bird enthusiasts. Their cylindrical chambers, perches, and feeding ports create a bird-friendly environment that is especially welcoming to smaller bird species. With their controlled seed dispensation, tube feeders provide a consistent and enjoyable feeding experience for both birds and birdwatchers alike.

Platform Feeders

Platform feeders are a straightforward yet effective choice for bird enthusiasts, offering a simple and open design that caters to a variety of bird species. Here are key features and advantages of platform feeders:

Simple and Open Design

Platform feeders are characterized by their uncomplicated and open design. Typically a flat surface elevated above the ground, these feeders provide an easily accessible space for birds to perch and feed. The simplicity of the design makes platform feeders versatile and suitable for a range of bird species.

Accommodation of Larger Bird Species

One notable advantage of platform feeders is their ability to accommodate larger bird species. The absence of confined spaces or smaller feeding ports allows birds of various sizes to comfortably access the seeds. This inclusivity makes platform feeders a welcoming space for doves, jays, and other larger birds that may face challenges with more restrictive feeder designs.

Versatility and Easy Maintenance

Platform feeders are known for their versatility and ease of maintenance. The open design makes it simple to refill with a variety of bird feed, including seeds, fruits, and even suet. The absence of intricate parts also makes cleaning and maintaining platform feeders a straightforward task, ensuring a consistently inviting space for feathered visitors.
In summary, platform feeders offer a straightforward and inclusive feeding option for a diverse array of bird species. With their simple and open design, these feeders provide a versatile space that accommodates both smaller and larger birds. Easy to maintain and adaptable to various types of feed, platform feeders are an excellent choice for bird enthusiasts looking to create a bird-friendly environment in their backyard.

Suet Feeders

Suet feeders are specialized bird feeders designed to hold high-energy suet blocks, offering a unique and nutritionally rich food source for birds. Here are key features and benefits of suet feeders:

Holders for High-Energy Suet Blocks

Suet feeders are specifically crafted to hold suet blocks, which are dense, high-energy food sources made from animal fat. The feeders typically have compartments or cages to secure the suet, preventing it from falling apart and making it accessible for birds to peck at. The design ensures that the suet remains intact, allowing for prolonged feeding and minimizing waste.

Attraction of Insect-Eating Birds

Suet is particularly attractive to insect-eating birds, providing them with essential fats and nutrients. Birds such as woodpeckers, nuthatches, and chickadees are drawn to suet feeders due to the presence of insects and larvae embedded in the suet blocks. Suet feeders, therefore, play a crucial role in attracting and supporting the dietary needs of these insectivorous bird species.
Suet feeders are a valuable addition to any bird-friendly environment, offering a specialized feeding solution that caters to the nutritional requirements of insect-eating birds. With their specific design for holding suet blocks, these feeders provide a reliable and energy-packed food source that contributes to the overall well-being of the feathered visitors in your backyard.

Nyjer Feeders

Nyjer feeders are specialized bird feeders designed for dispensing small seeds, particularly Nyjer (thistle) seeds, and are tailored to attract finch-like birds. Here are key features and advantages of Nyjer feeders:

Dispensing Small Seeds for Finches

Nyjer feeders are specifically crafted to dispense small seeds, with a focus on Nyjer (thistle) seeds. These tiny seeds are a favorite among finches, attracting species like goldfinches, siskins, and redpolls. The feeder's design ensures controlled dispensation, preventing seed waste and providing a consistent food source for these small, seed-loving birds.

Agile Perches for Finch-Like Birds

Nyjer feeders often feature agile perches that cater to the feeding habits of finch-like birds. The perches are designed to accommodate the agile movements of these small birds, allowing them to comfortably access the Nyjer seeds. This specialized feature ensures that finches and similar species can feed with ease, making the Nyjer feeder a welcoming space for these lively and colorful visitors.

Hummingbird Feeders

Hummingbird feeders are specially designed to dispense nectar, catering to the unique dietary needs of hummingbirds. Here are key features and the aesthetic appeal of hummingbird feeders:

Dispensing Nectar for Hummingbirds

Hummingbird feeders are designed to hold and dispense a sweet nectar solution that mimics the natural nectar found in flowers. The feeder's structure includes small feeding ports that allow hummingbirds to access the liquid. This specialized design ensures that hummingbirds receive the essential sugars they need for energy.

Aesthetic Appeal with Vibrant Colors

Hummingbird feeders often feature vibrant colors and intricate designs to attract these small, iridescent birds. The bright colors, such as reds and pinks, mimic the hues of flowers and catch the attention of hummingbirds. The aesthetic appeal of hummingbird feeders goes beyond functionality, adding a decorative element to outdoor spaces.

Features to Consider When Choosing the Bird Feeder

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Choosing the right bird feeder involves considering several key features to ensure it meets the needs of both the birds and the bird enthusiast. Here are essential features to keep in mind:

Feeder Type

Select a feeder type based on the types of birds you want to attract. Different feeders cater to specific bird species. Common types include platform feeders, hopper feeders, tube feeders, suet feeders, Nyjer feeders, and hummingbird feeders.

Material and Durability

Opt for feeders made from durable and weather-resistant materials such as metal, wood, or high-quality plastic. The feeder should withstand outdoor elements, ensuring longevity and providing a safe space for birds to feed.

Easy to Clean

Choose a feeder with a design that facilitates easy cleaning. Regular cleaning prevents the buildup of mold and bacteria, promoting the health of visiting birds. Look for feeders with removable parts and accessible areas for thorough cleaning.

Seed Capacity

Consider the size of the feeder's seed reservoir. Larger capacity feeders require less frequent refilling, which is beneficial for both convenience and ensuring a consistent food source for birds.

Perches and Ports

Evaluate the design of perches and feeding ports. Ensure they are suitable for the size and feeding habits of the target bird species. Adjustable perches can accommodate different bird sizes and prevent larger birds from monopolizing the feeder.

Protection Against Squirrels

If squirrels are common in your area, choose a feeder with features to deter them. Look for designs with baffles, cages, or weight-activated mechanisms that prevent squirrels from accessing the seeds.

Ease of Refilling

Opt for feeders that are easy to refill. A design with a wide opening or a removable lid simplifies the process, reducing the likelihood of spills and mess during refilling.

Weather Protection

Ensure the feeder has adequate weather protection. Overhanging roofs or baffles can shield the seeds from rain and snow, keeping them dry and accessible for the birds.

Attractive Design

While functionality is crucial, an attractive design adds aesthetic appeal to your outdoor space. Choose a feeder that complements your garden or backyard, enhancing the overall visual experience.

Multiple Feed Compartments

Consider feeders with multiple compartments for offering different types of seeds or food. This can attract a diverse range of bird species with varying dietary preferences.

Easy Monitoring

Choose a feeder with clear panels or designs that allow easy monitoring of seed levels. This helps you know when it's time for a refill without disrupting the birds' activities.
By considering these features, you can select a bird feeder that not only suits the needs of the birds in your area but also enhances your birdwatching experience.

Tips for Successful Bird Feeding

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Bird feeding is a rewarding hobby that requires careful consideration and responsible practices. Here are essential tips for successful bird feeding:

A. Choose Quality Feed

Variety of High-Quality Birdseed

Select a diverse range of high-quality birdseed to attract a variety of bird species. Different birds have distinct preferences, so offering a mix ensures that your feeder appeals to a broad spectrum of avian visitors.

Catering to Different Bird Preferences

Consider the preferences of different bird species when choosing feed. Some birds prefer seeds, while others may favor suet or nectar. Providing a variety caters to the specific needs and tastes of the diverse bird population in your area.

B. Regular Cleaning

Prevention of Mold and Disease Spread

Regularly clean bird feeders to prevent the growth of mold and the spread of diseases among birds. Dirty feeders can become breeding grounds for harmful bacteria, impacting the health of visiting birds.

Responsible Practices for Bird Health

Practice responsible feeder maintenance by cleaning not only the feeders but also the surrounding areas. Dispose of uneaten or spoiled food promptly to maintain a clean and healthy environment for the birds.

C. Strategic Placement

Safety and Visibility Considerations

Strategically place feeders in locations that ensure the safety and visibility of visiting birds. Avoid placing feeders near reflective surfaces that can confuse birds, and position them where birds have clear lines of sight to detect potential predators.

Proximity to Cover for Birds

Position feeders within proximity to natural cover, such as trees or shrubs. This provides birds with a quick escape route in case of danger while allowing them to observe the feeder from a sheltered vantage point.

D. Water Sources

Inclusion of Birdbaths or Shallow Dishes

Provide water sources, such as birdbaths or shallow dishes, to complement the food offerings. Birds need fresh water for drinking and bathing, enhancing their overall well-being and encouraging prolonged visits.

Providing Fresh Water for Drinking and Bathing

Regularly replace water to ensure it remains clean and fresh. Birds rely on water not only for hydration but also for maintaining their plumage through bathing, contributing to their health and vitality.

E. Seasonal Considerations

Adjusting Offerings Based on Seasons

Adjust your offerings based on seasonal changes. In colder months, provide high-energy foods like suet to help birds meet their increased energy demands for maintaining body warmth.

High-Energy Foods in Colder Months

During winter, consider adding high-energy foods like black oil sunflower seeds or peanuts to help birds conserve energy and stay warm.

F. Patience and Observation

Art of Bird Watching Requires Patience

Embrace the art of birdwatching with patience. Observing bird behavior and interactions takes time, and the rewards are more fulfilling when you allow nature to unfold at its own pace.

Minimizing Disturbance for Birds' Comfort

Minimize disturbances around feeders to ensure the comfort of visiting birds. Avoid sudden movements or loud noises that may startle them, allowing them to feed and interact naturally.
By following these tips, you can create a bird-friendly environment that not only attracts a diverse array of birds but also contributes to their health and well-being. Bird feeding becomes a delightful and mutually beneficial activity, fostering a connection with the vibrant avian life in your surroundings.

The Joy of Bird Watching

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A. Essence of Bird Watching

Connection with Nature

Bird watching is more than a hobby; it's a profound connection with the natural world. Observing birds in their habitat provides a unique opportunity to witness the beauty of their lives, fostering a deep appreciation for the intricate ecosystems we share.

Timeless Source of Joy

The joy derived from bird watching is timeless. Whether it's the sight of a colorful cardinal perched on a feeder or the melodious song of a warbler, these moments become cherished memories. Bird watching offers a sense of tranquility and fulfillment, reminding us of the simple yet extraordinary wonders of nature.

B. Embrace the Beauty of Bird Feeders

Facilitating Connection Between Human and Avian Worlds

Bird feeders serve as bridges between the human and avian realms. As we provide sustenance for our feathered friends, we create a shared space, fostering a connection that transcends the boundaries between species. The mutual exchange of care and observation enriches our lives and theirs.

Unfolding the Wings of Nature

Embracing the beauty of bird feeders unfolds the wings of nature before our eyes. These simple structures, laden with seeds and nectar, attract a vibrant tapestry of birdlife. Each visit becomes a small revelation, a reminder of the intricate dance of life that unfolds in our own backyards.

Conclusion

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Bridges Between Human and Avian Realms

In summary, bird feeders act as bridges, connecting the human and avian realms. They facilitate a harmonious coexistence, where the provision of sustenance becomes a shared experience. The joy derived from watching these winged visitors is a testament to the power of such connections.

Invitations to Nature's Symphony

Bird feeders extend invitations to nature's symphony, where the rustle of feathers, the chirps, and the fluttering wings create a melodious composition. As we engage in the art of bird watching, we become active participants in this symphony, finding solace and joy in the enchanting world of our feathered companions.
In conclusion, the joy of bird watching, amplified by the presence of bird feeders, transcends the ordinary. It invites us to slow down, appreciate the beauty around us, and revel in the timeless connection we share with the diverse and enchanting avian inhabitants of our natural surroundings.
Please log in our website: https://www.hantechngarden.com/ for more details!

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Bird watching is a delightful pastime that allows us to connect with nature in our own backyards. One of the best ways to attract a variety of feathered friends is by providing them with a cozy and inviting place to call home. That's where bird houses come into play. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the enchanting world of bird houses, from their history and designs to placement and maintenance, to help you create a haven for your avian visitors.

The History of Bird Houses

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Bird houses, also known as nesting boxes, have a rich and fascinating history that spans centuries. These artificial shelters have played a significant role in our interaction with birds and continue to be cherished features in gardens and natural environments. Let's delve into the intriguing history of bird houses.

Ancient Beginnings

The use of artificial nesting sites for birds dates back to ancient civilizations, including the Egyptians and Romans. These early bird enthusiasts constructed primitive bird houses to attract and study avian species. In ancient Rome, it was common to hang hollow gourds for Purple Martins, a practice that continues to this day.

Medieval Europe

During the medieval period in Europe, bird houses took on a dual purpose. They served as both functional nesting sites and ornamental garden features. Castles and estates often featured elaborate bird houses that showcased the status and wealth of the property owners. These architectural wonders became a testament to human fascination with avian life.

The Evolution in North America

The concept of bird houses made its way to North America in the 18th century. One of the primary motivations was to attract Purple Martins, which are cavity-nesting birds. The Purple Martin's preference for nesting in hollow tree trunks or gourds led to the development of bird houses specifically designed to cater to their needs.
John James Audubon, the famous ornithologist and naturalist, played a role in popularizing the use of bird houses in the United States. He documented and promoted the idea of bird houses to conserve the Purple Martin population.

The Modern Role of Bird Houses

Today, bird houses play an essential role in bird conservation efforts. They are used not only to attract Purple Martins but also a wide variety of other bird species. Bird houses are strategically designed to provide safe and suitable nesting sites for cavity-nesting birds, including bluebirds, wrens, chickadees, and many others.
Bird houses have evolved in design, construction, and placement techniques, driven by a deeper understanding of bird behavior and nesting requirements. They have become an integral part of modern bird watching and conservation, allowing enthusiasts to observe and protect these fascinating creatures up close.
The history of bird houses is a testament to our enduring fascination with birds and our desire to connect with them in our immediate surroundings. From ancient civilizations to medieval Europe and modern bird conservation efforts, bird houses have played an important role in our relationship with avian life. These small structures continue to add charm and ecological value to our gardens, making them a source of delight for both birds and bird enthusiasts.

Types of Bird Houses

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Bird houses, also known as nesting boxes, come in a variety of designs, each tailored to specific bird species. By understanding the types of bird houses available, you can attract a diverse range of avian visitors to your garden. Here are some common types of bird houses:

Nest Boxes for Cavity-Nesting Birds

Nest boxes are designed to mimic natural tree cavities, providing shelter and safety for birds that nest in enclosed spaces. These boxes are available in various sizes and configurations to accommodate different bird species. Here are some examples:

Bluebird Houses:

Bluebird houses have small entrance holes and are designed to attract Eastern Bluebirds and other small cavity-nesting species. They often feature a sloping roof and a small ledge inside for perching.

Wren Houses:

Wren houses are characterized by their small size and narrow entrance holes, making them suitable for Carolina Wrens and House Wrens. These houses may have a removable front panel for cleaning.

Chickadee Houses:

Chickadee houses are similar in design to wren houses but may have slightly larger entrance holes. They attract Black-capped Chickadees, Carolina Chickadees, and Tufted Titmice.

Open-Fronted Nest Boxes

Open-fronted nest boxes are designed for birds that prefer nests with open entrances, such as Robins, Phoebes, and Barn Swallows. These boxes have a wide front opening, allowing birds to access the interior easily.

Robin Boxes:

Robin boxes are typically open-fronted and have a shallow nest cup inside. They are mounted on building ledges and eaves to attract American Robins.

Phoebe Boxes:

These boxes have a wide front opening and are designed for Eastern Phoebes. They are often mounted on the side of buildings and bridges.

Owl Nest Boxes

Owls, like Barn Owls and Barred Owls, prefer nesting in secluded, dark spaces. Owl nest boxes are large, enclosed structures with an entrance hole and ample space inside. They are typically mounted high in trees or on poles to attract these nocturnal birds of prey.

Woodpecker Houses

Woodpeckers often excavate their own nesting cavities in dead trees, but they may also use man-made woodpecker houses. These houses are usually made from wood and feature an entrance hole on the front or side.

Duck and Waterfowl Nest Boxes

For waterfowl enthusiasts, duck and waterfowl nest boxes provide safe nesting sites for species like Wood Ducks. These boxes are typically placed near water sources such as ponds, lakes, or wetlands.

Swallow Boxes

Swallow boxes are designed to attract Barn Swallows and Cliff Swallows. They feature a long, narrow entrance and a platform for nesting. Swallow houses are often mounted under eaves or on the sides of buildings.

Multiple-Compartment Nest Boxes

Some bird houses feature multiple compartments, allowing several bird families to nest in close proximity. These are often used in Purple Martin houses, which can host multiple nesting pairs.

Decorative and Novelty Bird Houses

Bird houses are not only functional but also ornamental. Decorative and novelty bird houses come in various shapes and designs, from whimsical cottages to miniature lighthouses. While these may not always attract specific bird species, they can add charm and character to your garden.

Features of a Good Birdhouse

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Creating a birdhouse that attracts and provides a safe haven for your feathered friends requires careful consideration of various features. Here are the essential features of a good birdhouse:

Appropriate Size and Shape

Size:

The birdhouse should be appropriately sized for the bird species you want to attract. Different species have different space requirements, so research the specific needs of your target birds. Nesting boxes should provide enough room for nest building, egg laying, and raising chicks.

Shape:

The shape of the birdhouse should match the preferences of the birds. Some birds prefer enclosed cavities with small entrance holes, while others prefer open-fronted structures. Ensure the shape suits the species you want to attract.

Weather-Resistant Materials

Wood:

Natural wood, such as cedar or cypress, is a popular choice for birdhouses due to its insulation properties and durability. It's essential to use untreated wood, as chemicals can be harmful to birds.

Metal and Plastic:

While less common, metal and plastic birdhouses can be suitable as long as they offer insulation, ventilation, and drainage. Ensure they are safe for birds and can withstand the elements.

Appropriate Entrance Hole

The entrance hole should be the correct size and shape for the target bird species. It should prevent larger birds and predators from entering while allowing the desired birds to access the interior. The size can vary from 1 inch for small birds like chickadees to 2.5 inches for larger species like woodpeckers.

Ventilation and Drainage

Adequate ventilation is essential to prevent overheating during warm weather. Ventilation holes near the roof or gaps between the roof and walls allow air to circulate.
Drainage holes at the bottom of the birdhouse prevent water from accumulating, ensuring a dry and comfortable environment for nesting birds.

Easy Access for Cleaning

A hinged or removable roof or side panel allows easy access for cleaning the birdhouse between nesting seasons. Regular cleaning is vital to prevent disease and parasites.

Predator Protection

Birdhouses should incorporate features to deter predators like raccoons, cats, and squirrels. Sloping roofs, baffles, and pole-mounted designs can help prevent access to the nesting area.

Proper Location and Mounting

The birdhouse's location is critical. It should be placed at the appropriate height and direction to match the preferences of the bird species. Some birds prefer higher placements, while others like their homes closer to the ground.
Facing the entrance away from prevailing winds, typically to the south or southeast, helps protect the nesting birds.

Roof Overhang

An extended roof overhangs the entrance hole, providing shelter from rain and direct sunlight. It also adds to the aesthetics of the birdhouse.

Nesting Material and Perch

Including a small perch just below the entrance hole can help birds access their nests. However, some species prefer not to have a perch, so it's essential to know your target birds' preferences.
Nesting material, such as wood shavings or dried grass, can be added to the interior to provide birds with the building materials they need.

Safe Paint and Finishes

If you choose to paint or finish your birdhouse, use non-toxic, water-based paint. Avoid lead-based or toxic finishes that could harm birds or their chicks.
By considering these features when selecting or building a birdhouse, you can create a welcoming and safe nesting site for a variety of bird species, enhancing your birdwatching experience and contributing to bird conservation efforts.

How to Choose a Suitable Bird House for Your Garden

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Selecting the right bird house for your garden is essential to attract and provide a safe nesting place for the birds you wish to host. Here are some steps to help you choose a suitable bird house for your garden:

Identify Your Target Bird Species

Begin by identifying the bird species you want to attract. Different bird species have specific requirements for the size, shape, and placement of their nesting sites. Research the habits, preferences, and nesting behaviors of your target birds to ensure your bird house meets their needs.

Determine the Type of Bird House

Once you've identified your target bird species, choose the appropriate type of bird house. Consider whether you need a nest box for cavity-nesting birds, an open-fronted box for species like Robins, or a specialized house for birds like owls, ducks, or swallows.

Select the Right Size and Shape

Ensure the bird house's size and shape match the preferences of your chosen bird species. Measure the dimensions carefully to provide enough space for nest building, egg laying, and chick rearing. Pay attention to the size and shape of the entrance hole, which should be suitable for the specific birds you want to attract.

Choose Suitable Materials

Select materials that are weather-resistant and safe for birds. Cedar and cypress are popular choices for natural wood bird houses due to their durability and insulation properties. Make sure the wood is untreated, as chemicals can be harmful to birds. If you opt for metal or plastic houses, ensure they offer proper insulation, ventilation, and drainage.

Ensure Proper Ventilation and Drainage

A good bird house should have adequate ventilation to prevent overheating during hot weather. Look for models with ventilation holes near the roof or gaps between the roof and walls. Additionally, ensure there are drainage holes at the bottom of the bird house to prevent water accumulation.

Think About Cleaning and Maintenance

Choose a bird house that allows easy access for cleaning between nesting seasons. Models with removable roofs or side panels simplify this process. Regular cleaning is vital to prevent disease and parasites.

Protect Against Predators

Incorporate features that deter predators, such as raccoons, cats, and squirrels. Sloping roofs, baffles, or pole-mounted designs can help protect the nesting area. Select a location that is difficult for potential predators to reach.

Proper Placement and Direction

The placement of your bird house is crucial. Consider the preferences of your target birds. Some species prefer their houses at higher locations, while others like them lower to the ground. Ensure the entrance faces away from prevailing winds, typically to the south or southeast.

Roof Overhang and Perch

An extended roof overhanging the entrance hole provides shelter from rain and direct sunlight. Some bird houses include a small perch just below the entrance to assist birds in accessing their nests. However, be aware that not all bird species prefer or require a perch.

Safe Paint and Finishes

If you choose to paint or finish your bird house, use non-toxic, water-based paint. Avoid lead-based or toxic finishes that could harm birds or their chicks.
By following these steps and considering the specific needs of your target bird species, you can choose a suitable bird house for your garden. Creating a welcoming and safe nesting site will not only attract birds to your garden but also contribute to bird conservation efforts in your local area.

Designing Your Bird House

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If you don't like buying a bird house, you can also make one yourself. Designing a birdhouse is a creative and rewarding endeavor. To create a birdhouse that attracts your avian visitors and provides them with a safe and comfortable nesting space, follow these essential design considerations:

Research the Target Bird Species

Begin by researching the specific bird species you want to attract. Different birds have unique preferences for the size, shape, and placement of their nesting sites. Study their nesting habits, behaviors, and any specific requirements they may have.

Select the Right Type of Bird House

Choose the appropriate type of birdhouse based on the target bird species. Common types include nest boxes for cavity-nesting birds, open-fronted boxes for species like Robins, specialized houses for owls, ducks, and swallows, and multi-compartment houses for Purple Martins.

Determine the Size and Shape

Ensure your birdhouse's size and shape match the preferences of your chosen bird species. The dimensions should provide ample space for nest building, egg laying, and chick rearing. Pay close attention to the size and shape of the entrance hole, which should suit the specific birds you want to attract.

Materials and Construction

Select appropriate materials for your birdhouse. Natural wood, such as cedar or cypress, is a popular choice due to its durability and insulation properties. Ensure the wood is untreated, as chemicals can be harmful to birds. If you opt for metal or plastic birdhouses, make sure they offer insulation, ventilation, and drainage.

Ventilation and Drainage

Proper ventilation is vital to prevent overheating inside the birdhouse, especially during warm weather. Look for models with ventilation holes near the roof or gaps between the roof and walls. Additionally, ensure there are drainage holes at the bottom of the birdhouse to prevent water accumulation.

Easy Access for Cleaning

Consider how you can easily access the interior for cleaning between nesting seasons. Models with removable roofs or side panels simplify this process. Regular cleaning is crucial to prevent disease and parasites.

Protection Against Predators

Incorporate features that deter predators like raccoons, cats, and squirrels. Designing a sloping roof or using baffles can help protect the nesting area. Select a location that makes it difficult for potential predators to reach.

Proper Placement and Direction

The location of your birdhouse is critical to its success. Consider the preferences of your target bird species. Some birds prefer their houses at higher locations, while others like them closer to the ground. Ensure the entrance faces away from prevailing winds, typically to the south or southeast.

Roof Overhang and Perch

An extended roof overhanging the entrance hole provides shelter from rain and direct sunlight. Some birdhouses include a small perch just below the entrance to assist birds in accessing their nests. However, not all bird species prefer or require a perch, so this should align with your target birds' needs.

Safe Paint and Finishes

If you choose to paint or finish your birdhouse, use non-toxic, water-based paint. Avoid lead-based or toxic finishes that could harm birds or their chicks. Opt for colors that blend with your garden environment.
By taking these design considerations into account, you can create a birdhouse that meets the needs of your target bird species, enhances your garden's aesthetics, and provides a safe and comfortable nesting space for your feathered friends.

Placement of Bird Houses

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Selecting the right location for your bird houses is crucial for attracting and providing a safe nesting place for your avian visitors. Proper placement ensures that the birdhouse meets the preferences and needs of the bird species you wish to host. Here are some guidelines for the ideal placement of bird houses in your garden:

Consider the Preferences of Your Target Birds

Different bird species have specific preferences for the height and location of their nesting sites. Research your target birds' nesting habits to determine the most suitable placement.

Height Matters

The height at which you place your bird house can influence the bird species you attract:

Eye Level:

Bird houses mounted at eye level are ideal for cavity-nesting birds like wrens and chickadees. These birds prefer to nest in relatively low and sheltered locations.

Higher Elevations:

Houses placed 5 to 15 feet above the ground are more likely to attract species such as bluebirds and tree swallows. These birds prefer higher nesting sites to avoid predators.

Direction of Placement

Consider the prevailing wind direction in your area and face the entrance of the birdhouse away from it, typically to the south or southeast. This prevents wind and rain from entering the house, ensuring a more comfortable environment for nesting birds.

Protection from Predators

Protect your birdhouse from potential predators such as raccoons, cats, and squirrels. You can achieve this by:

Sloping Roofs:

Designing birdhouses with sloping roofs makes it more challenging for predators to gain access.

Baffles:

Adding baffles or predator guards to the mounting poles or posts can deter climbing predators.
Strategic Placement: Locate the birdhouse in areas that are difficult for ground-based predators to reach.

Sun and Shade

Consider the amount of sunlight your chosen location receives. Most bird species prefer their nesting sites to be well-shaded to prevent overheating. Placing the birdhouse under the shade of trees or eaves can provide a more comfortable environment.

Safety from Human Activity

Ensure that your birdhouse is placed away from heavy human traffic areas. Birds prefer a quiet and undisturbed nesting environment. Position it where it won't be subject to frequent disturbances or loud noises.

Visibility for Bird Watching

While you want to provide a safe and suitable nesting site, it's also important to place the birdhouse where you can observe the birds without causing them stress. Select a location that offers good visibility for bird watching.

Proper Spacing

If you plan to place multiple birdhouses, ensure they are spaced adequately to prevent territorial disputes between nesting birds. The exact spacing will vary depending on the species, so research the specific requirements for your target birds.

Nest Box Monitoring

If you are interested in monitoring the nesting activity, consider placing the birdhouse in a location where you can easily access and observe it without causing undue stress to the birds.
By taking these guidelines into account, you can select the ideal placement for your bird houses, creating a welcoming and safe environment for a variety of bird species in your garden.

Maintenance

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Maintaining your bird house is essential to ensure that it remains a safe and attractive nesting site for birds. Regular upkeep helps prevent disease, provides a comfortable environment for nesting birds, and ensures the longevity of the bird house. Here are some key maintenance tasks to consider:

Cleaning

Between Nesting Seasons:

After each nesting season, thoroughly clean the bird house to remove old nesting material, droppings, and other debris. This helps prevent the buildup of parasites and diseases. Wear gloves and a mask while cleaning to protect yourself from potential allergens and pathogens.

Use Boiling Water:

To disinfect the birdhouse, pour boiling water into it and scrub with a brush. Make sure it's completely dry before it's ready for new occupants.

Repairs

Inspect for Damage:

Regularly inspect the bird house for any signs of damage, wear, or deterioration. Look for loose parts, cracked wood, or any openings that predators could exploit.

Replace Damaged Parts:

If you notice any damage, repair or replace the affected parts promptly. Maintaining the structural integrity of the bird house is crucial for the safety of nesting birds.

Refreshing Nesting Material

Add New Material:

After cleaning, add fresh nesting material to the birdhouse. Different bird species prefer specific materials like twigs, grass, or feathers. Make sure you use appropriate materials for the species you're trying to attract.

Monitoring

Keep an Eye on Nesting Activity: Monitor the birdhouse throughout the nesting season. Observe the birds' behavior and check if they are successfully raising their chicks. If you notice any issues or signs of distress, you may need to take action to help the nesting birds.

Seasonal Adjustments

Multiple Nestings:

If your area experiences multiple nesting seasons, such as spring and late summer, be prepared to make seasonal adjustments. After the first brood has fledged, clean and prepare the bird house for a potential second nesting.

Winterizing:

In regions with cold winters, consider removing the birdhouse during the winter months to protect it from harsh weather. You can rehang it in the spring when the birds return.

Predator Deterrence

Check Predator Guards:

Ensure any predator guards or baffles you've installed are still intact and effective. Make necessary repairs or replacements if they show signs of damage.

Secure Mounting

Check the Mounting:

Regularly inspect the mounting hardware or pole to ensure it is secure and stable. A loose or tilting birdhouse can be unattractive to nesting birds.
Record Observations

Keep a Record:

Maintain a journal or log of your birdhouse's activity. Note the arrival of birds, nesting activities, and the number of eggs and chicks. This information can help you track changes in bird populations and nesting success.
By following these maintenance practices, you can provide a clean, safe, and welcoming nesting site for birds in your garden. It's a fulfilling way to support avian life and enjoy the beauty of nature in your own backyard.

Conclusion

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Bird houses play a vital role in enhancing the beauty of your backyard while simultaneously supporting bird populations. These charming structures offer more than just aesthetic appeal; they provide safe havens for our feathered friends to nest and raise their young.
As you build bird houses and attract birds to your garden, you'll find that the simple act of providing a home for them enriches your life as well. It's a small yet meaningful way to coexist harmoniously with the natural world, and the benefits are boundless. So, get started today and let the delightful world of birdhouses and bird watching become an integral part of your outdoor sanctuary.
Please log in our website https://www.hantechngarden.com/ for more details!

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THE BIRD TRIBES
A Cherokee Legend
Winged creatures of all kinds are classed under the generic term of aninâ'hilidâ'hï (flyers). Birds are called, alike in the singular and plural, tsi'skwa, the term being generally held to exclude the domestic fowls introduced by the whites.
When it is necessary to make the distinction they are mentioned, respectively, as inägëhï (living in the woods), and uluñni'ta (tame).
The robin is called tsiskwa'gwä, a name which can not be analyzed, while the little sparrow is called tsikwâ'yä (the real or principal bird), perhaps, in accord with a principle in Indian nomenclature, on account of its wide distribution.
As in other languages, many of the bird names are onomatopes, as wa`huhu' (the screech owl), u'guku' (the hooting owl), wagulï' (the whippoorwill), kâgû (the crow), gügwë' (the quail), huhu (the yellow mocking-bird), tsï'kïlï' (the chickadee), sa'sa' (the goose).
The turtledove is called gulë'-diska`nihï' (it cries for acorns), on account of the resemblance of' it cry to the sound of the word for acorn. (gulë')
The meadowlark is called näkwïsï' (star), on account of the appearance of its tail when spread out as it soars.
The nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) is called tsulie'na (deaf), and is supposed to be without bearing, possibly on account of its fearless disregard for man's presence.
Certain diseases are diagnosed by the doctors as due to birds, either revengeful bird ghosts, bird feathers about the house, or bird shadows falling upon the patient from overhead.
The eagle (awâ'hïlï) is the great sacred bird of the Cherokee, as of nearly all our native tribes, and figures prominently in their ceremonial ritual, especially in all things relating to war.
The particular species prized was the golden or war eagle (Aquila chrsætus), called by the Cherokee the pretty-feathered eagle, on account of its beautiful tail feathers, white, tipped with black, which were in such great demand for decorative and ceremonial purposes that among the western tribes a single tail was often rated as equal in value to a horse.
Among the Cherokee in the old times the killing of an eagle was an event which concerned the whole settlement, and could be undertaken only by the professional eagle killer, regularly chosen for the purpose on account of his knowledge of the prescribed forms and the prayers to be said afterwards in order to obtain pardon for the necessary sacrilege, and thus ward off vengeance from the tribe.
It is told of one man upon the reservation that having deliberately killed an eagle in defiance of the ordinances he was constantly haunted by dreams of fierce eagles swooping down upon him, until the nightmare was finally exercised after a long course of priestly treatment. In 1890 there was but one eagle killer remaining among the East Cherokee.
It does not appear that the eagle was ever captured alive as among the plains tribes.
The eagle must be killed only in the winter or late fall after the crops were gathered and the snakes had retired to their dens.
If killed in the summertime a frost would come to destroy the corn, while the songs of the Eagle dance, when the feathers were brought home, would so anger the snakes that they would become doubly dangerous.
Consequently the Eagle songs were never sung until after the snakes had gone to sleep for the winter.
When the people of a town had decided upon an Eagle dance the eagle killer was called in, frequently from a distant settlement, to procure the feathers for the occasion.
He was paid for his services from offerings made later at the dance, and as the few professionals guarded their secrets carefully from outsiders their business was a quite profitable one.
After some preliminary preparation the eagle killer sets out alone for the mountains, taking with him his gun or bow and arrows.
Having reached the mountains, he goes through a vigil of prayer and fasting, possibly lasting four days, after which he hunts until he succeeds in killing a deer.
Then, placing the body in a convenient exposed situation upon one of the highest cliffs, he conceals himself near by and begins to sing in a low undertone the songs to call down the eagles from the sky.
When the eagle alights upon the carcass, which will be almost immediately if the singer understands his business, he shoots it, and then standing over the dead bird, he addresses to it a prayer in which he begs it not to seek vengeance upon his tribe, because it is not a Cherokee, but a Spaniard (Askwa'nï) that has done the deed.
The selection of such a vicarious victim of revenge is evidence at once of the antiquity of the prayer in its present form and of the enduring impression which the cruelties of the early Spanish adventurers made upon the natives.
The prayer ended, he leaves the dead eagle where it fell and makes all haste to the settlement, where the people are anxiously expecting his return.
On meeting the first warriors he says simply, A snowbird has died, and passes on at once to his own quarters, his work being now finished.
The announcement is made in this form in order to insure against the vengeance of any eagles that might overhear, the little snowbird being considered too insignificant a creature to be dreaded.
Having waited four days to allow time for the insect parasites to leave the body, the hunters delegated for the purpose go out to bring in the feathers.
On arriving at the place they strip the body of the large tail and wing feathers, which they wrap in a fresh deerskin brought with them, and then return to the settlement, leaving the body of the dead eagle upon the ground, together with that of the slain deer, the latter being intended as a sacrifice to the eagle spirits.
On reaching the settlement, the feathers, still wrapped in the deerskin, are hung up in a small, round hut built for this special purpose near the edge of the dance ground (detsänûñ'lï) and known as the place where the feathers are kept, or feather house.
Some settlements had two such feather houses, one at each end of the dance ground.
The Eagle dance was held on the night of the same day on which the feathers were brought in, all the necessary arrangements having been made beforehand. In the meantime, as the feathers were supposed to be hungry after their journey, a dish of venison and corn was set upon the ground below them and they were invited to eat.
The body of a flax bird or scarlet tanager (Piranga rubra) was also hung up with the feathers for the same purpose.
The food thus given to the feathers was disposed of after the dance, as described in another place.
The eagle being regarded as a great ada'wehï, only the greatest warriors and those versed in the sacred ordinances would dare to wear the feathers or to carry them in the dance. Should any person in the settlement dream of eagles or eagle feathers he must arrange for an Eagle dance, with the usual vigil and fasting, at the first opportunity; otherwise some one of his family will die.
Should the insect parasites which infest the feathers of the bird in life get upon a man they will breed a skin disease which is sure to develop, even though it may be latent for years.
It is for this reason that the body of the eagle is allowed to remain four days upon the ground before being brought into the settlement.
The raven (kâ'länû) is occasionally seen in the mountains, but is not prominent in folk belief, excepting in connection with the gruesome tales of the Raven Mocker (q. v.).
In former times its name was sometimes assumed as a war title.
The crow, so prominent in other tribal mythologies, does not seem to appear in that of the Cherokee.
Three varieties of owls are recognized, each under a different name, viz tskïlï', the dusky horned owl (Bubo virginianus saturatus); u'guku', the barred or hooting owl (Syrnium nebulosum), and wa`huhu', the screech owl (Megascops asio).
The first of these names signifies a witch, the others being onomatopes.
Owls and other night-crying birds are believed to be embodied ghosts or disguised witches, and their cry is dreaded as a sound of evil omen.
If the eyes of a child be bathed with water in which one of the long wing or tail feathers of an owl has been soaked, the child will be able to keep awake all night.
The feather must be found by chance, and not procured intentionally for the purpose.
On the other hand, an application of water in which the feather of a blue jay, procured in the same way, has been soaked will make the child an early riser.
The buzzard (sulï') is said to have had a part in shaping the Earth, as was narrated in the genesis myth.
It is reputed to be a doctor among birds, and is respected accordingly, although its feathers are never worn by ball players, for fear of becoming bald. Its own baldness is accounted for by a vulgar story.
As it thrives upon carrion and decay, it is held to be immune from sickness, especially of a contagious character, and a small quantity of its flesh eaten, or of the soup used as a wash, is believed to be a sure preventive of smallpox, and was used for this purpose during the smallpox epidemic among the East Cherokee in 1866.
According to the Wahnenauhi manuscript, it is said also that a buzzard feather placed over the cabin door will keep out witches.
In treating gunshot wounds, the medicine is blown into the wound through a tube cut from a buzzard quill and some of the buzzard's down is afterwards laid over the spot.
There is very little concerning hawks, excepting as regards the great mythic hawk, the Tlä'nuwä'. The tlä'nuwä' usdi', or little tlä'nuwä,) is described as a bird about as large as a turkey and of a grayish blue color, which used to follow the flocks of wild pigeons, flying overhead and darting down occasionally upon a victim, which it struck and killed with its sharp breast and ate upon the wing, without alighting.
It is probably the goshawk (Astur atricapillus).
The common swamp gallinule, locally known as mud hen or didapper (Gallinula galeata), is called diga'gwanï' (lame or crippled), on account of its habit of flying only for a very short distance at a time.
In the Diga'gwanï dance the performers sing the name of the bird and endeavor to imitate its halting movements.
The dagûl`kû, or white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons) appears in connection with the myth of the origin of tobacco.
The feathers of the tskwâyï, the great white heron or American egret (Herodias egretta), are worn by ball players, and this bird probably the swan whose white wing was used as a peace emblem in ancient times.
A rare bird said to have been seen occasionally upon the reservation many years ago was called by the curious name of nûñdä-dikanï', it looks at the sun, sun-gazer.
It is described as resembling a blue crane, and may possibly have been the Floridus cerulea, or little blue heron.
Another infrequent visitor, which sometimes passed over the mountain country in company with flocks of wild geese, was the gu'wisguwï', so called from its cry.
It is described as resembling a large snipe, with yellow legs and feet unwebbed, and is thought to visit Indian Territory at intervals. It is chiefly notable from the fact that the celebrated chief John Ross derives his Indian name, Gu'wisguwï', from this bird, the name being perpetuated in Cooweescoowee district of the Cherokee Nation in the West.
Another chance visitant, concerning which there is much curious speculation among the older men of the East Cherokee, was called tsun'digwûntsu'`gï or tsun'digwûn'tskï, forked, referring to the tail.
It appeared but once, for a short season, about forty years ago, and has not been seen since.
It is said to have been pale blue, with red in places, and nearly the size of a crow, and to have had a long forked tail like that of a fish.
It preyed upon hornets, which it took upon the wing, and also feasted upon the larva in the nests.
Appearing unexpectedly and as suddenly disappearing, it was believed to be not a bird but a transformed red-horse fish (Moxostoma, Cherokee âligä'), a theory borne out by the red spots and the long, forked tail.
It is even maintained that about the time those birds first appeared some hunters on Oconaluftee saw seven of them sitting on the limb of a tree and they were still shaped like a red-horse, although they already had wings and feathers.
It was undoubtedly the scissor-tail or swallow-tailed flycatcher (Milvulus forficatus), which belongs properly in Texas and the adjacent region, but strays occasionally into the eastern states.
On account of the red throat appendage of the turkey, somewhat resembling the goitrous growth known in the South as kernels (Cherokee, dule'tsï), the feathers of this bird are not worn by ball players, neither is the neck allowed to be eaten by children or sick persons, under the fear that a growth of kernels would be the result.
The meat of the ruffed grouse, locally known as the pheasant (Bonasa umbellus), is taboo to a pregnant woman, because this bird hatches a large brood, but loses most of them before maturity.
Under a stricter construction of the theory this meat is forbidden to a woman until she is past child bearing.
The redbird, tatsu'hwä, is believed to have been originally the daughter of the Sun (see the story).
The huhu, or yellow mockingbird, occurs in several stories.
It is regarded as something supernatural, possibly on account of its imitative powers, and its heart is given to children to make them quick to learn.
The chickadee (Parus carolinensis), and the tufted titmouse, (Parus bicolor), utsu'`gï, or u'stûtï, are both regarded as news bringers, but the one is venerated as a truth teller while the other is scoffed at as a lying messenger, for reasons which appear in the story of Nûñyunu'wï (q. v.).
When the tsïkïlilï' perches on a branch near the house and chirps its song it is taken as an omen that an absent friend will soon be heard from or that a secret enemy is plotting mischief.
Many stories are told in confirmation of this belief, among which may be instanced that of Tom Starr, a former noted outlaw of the Cherokee Nation of the West, who, on one occasion, was about to walk unwittingly into an ambush prepared for him along a narrow trail, when he heard the warning note of the tsïkïlilï', and, turning abruptly, ran up the side of the ridge and succeeded in escaping with his life, although hotly pursued by his enemies.

​
MUDJIKIWIS
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(PLAINS CREE )
​
Upon a long time the Indians were camping.
They had ten lodges.
There were ten of them; and the eldest brother, Mudjikiwis, was sitting in the doorway.
It was winter, and all the Indians had their side-bags on; and every day they went off and hunted in the direction which they faced as they sat.
Mudjikiwis always took the lead, and the others followed.
Once when he came home to his camp, he saw smoke just as he crossed the last hill.
When he approached the lodge, he saw a pile of wood neatly stacked by the door.
He himself had always cooked the dinner; and when he saw it ready, he was very glad. "There is surely a girl here!" he thought. "
There must be some one who has done this."
He had many brothers younger than himself.
"Maybe some one is trying to marry them, or some girl wants me!"
When he arrived at the lodge, he saw a girl's pigeon-toed tracks, and he was delighted.
"It is a girl!" he cried, and he rushed in to see her, but there was no one there.
The fire was just started, the meat cooked and ready, and water had been drawn.
Some one had just finished work when he came.
There were even ten pairs of moccasins hanging up.
"Now, at last, there is some one to sew for us! Surely one of us will get married!" he thought, and he also thought that he would be the fortunate one.
He did not touch anything, but left everything as he had found it for his brothers to see.
After a while the brother next to him in age came in.
He looked up and saw all the moccasins, and he too was very glad.
Then Mudjikiwis said, "I do not know which of us is going to be married.
A girl has just left here, but I cannot tell who she is, and there are ten of us.
One of us is loved by some one!"
They soon were joined by the third, and then by the fourth brother, and the fire was out by that time.
The youngest brother was the most handsome one of the family.
"If one of us should marry, Mudjikiwis, we shall have to hunt hard and not let our sister-in-law hunger or be in need," he said. "I shall be very glad if we have a sister-in-law.
Don't let her chop wood; she cannot attend to all of us.
We just want her to cook and mend our clothes."
At night they were all crying, "He, he, he!" until dark came, because they were so glad.
"I cannot attend to all my brothers, and I do not need to do so any more!" cried Mudjikiwis.
The next day nine went off, and left the youngest brother on guard to see the girl. Mudjikiwis came back first, and found that the tenth boy had not been taken.
"Oh, well! leave our ninth brother next time, "he said "Then we will try it once more with our eighth brother."
Three of them then kept house in succession, but the woman did not come.
They then left the fifth one, and said, "If no one comes, make dinner for us yourself."
Soon after they had left, some one came along making a noise like a rattle, for she had bells on her leggings.
"Oh, she shall not know me!" said the youth.
"I shall be a bit of eagle-down," and he flew up between the canvas and the poles of the lodge.
Presently the girl entered. She had very long hair, and was very pretty.
She took the axe and went out to cut wood, and soon brought in four armfuls.
Then she made the fire, took down the kettles, and prepared dinner.
When she had done so she melted some snow, took another armful of wood, and started another fire.
After she had finished she called to the youth to come down from his hiding-place.
"Maybe you think I don't know you are up there," she said.
So he came down and took a seat with her by the fire.
When Mudjikiwis came home, he saw another big pile of wood.
When he came near, he cried, "He, he, he!" to show that he was well pleased.
"I could not attend to the needs of my brothers," he shouted, "I could not cook for them, and I could not provide my relatives with moccasins!"
He entered the door and bent down, for Mudjikiwis had on a fisher-skin head-band with an eagle-quill thrust in behind.
As he came in, he saw a pretty girl sitting there.
When he sat down, he said, "Hai, hai, hai! The girl is sitting like her mother."
He pulled off his shoes and threw them to his youngest brother, and received a fine pair of moccasins from his sister-in-law. He was delighted, and cried, "Hai, hai, hai!" Soon all the other brothers came back, all nine of them, and each received new moccasins.
Mudjikiwis said, "I have already advised you.
Do not let our sister-in-law chop wood or do any hard work.
Hunt well, and do not let her be hungry."
Morning came, and Mudjikiwis was already half in love with his sister-in-law.
He started out, pretending that he was going to hunt, but he only went over a hill and stopped there.
Then he wrapped his blanket around himself
It was winter, and he took some mud from under the snow and rubbed it over his forehead and on his hat-band.
He had his ball-headed club with him, which had two eyes that winked constantly.
Soon he saw his sister-in-law, who came out to chop wood.
He went to speak to her, but the girl had disappeared.
Soon she came back.
There was one pile of wood here, and one there.
Mudjikiwis stopped at the one to the west.
He had his bow, his arrows, and his club with him.
He held his club on the left arm, and his bow and arrow on the right arm, folded his arms across his breast, and was smiling at her when she came up.
"O my brother-in-law! I don't want to do that," she cried.
Then Mudjikiwis was angry because she scorned him.
He took an arrow and shot her in the leg, and fled off to hunt.
That night he returned late, last of all.
As he came close to the lodge, he called out, "Yoha, yoha! what is wrong with you?
You have done some kind of mischief.
Why is there no wood for our sister-in-law?"
He went in. "What is wrong with our sister-in-law, that she is not home?" he demanded.
His brother then said, "Why are you so late? You used to be the first one here."
Mudjikiwis would not speak in reply.
The married brother came in last. The young brother was tired of waiting, and asked each, "You did not see your sister-in-law, did you?" The others replied, "Mudjikiwis came very late.
He never did so before."
"I shall track my wife," said the husband.
So he set off in pursuit of her. He tracked her, and found that she had brought one load of wood.
Her second trail ended at a little lodge of willows that she had made, and where she was. She cried to him, "Do not come here! Your brother Mudjikiwis has shot me.
I told him I did not want to receive him, and then he shot me down. Do not come here.
You will see me on the fourth night.
If you want to give me food, put it outside the door and go away, and I shall get it."
Her husband went home, as she commanded. After that the youth would bring her food, after hunting, every night.
"It is well. Even though our brother shot my wife, I shall forgive him, if I can only see her after four nights," he said.
The third night he could hardly stay away, he wanted to see her so badly.
The fourth day at dawn he went to the lodge; and as he drew near, she cried, "Do not come!" but he went in, anyway, and saw her there.
"I told you not to come, but you could not restrain yourself.
When your brothers could not attend to themselves, I wished to help them," she cried. So he went home satisfied, since he had seen her.
They breakfasted, and he started out again with food for her.
She had gone out, for he found her tracks, little steps, dabbled with blood.
Then he went back home, and said to his brothers, "My brothers, I am going to go after my wife."
He dressed, and followed her footprints.
Sometimes he ran, and at sunset he wanted to camp.
So he killed a rabbit; and as he came out of the brush, he saw a lodge.
"He, my grandchild!" called a voice, "You are thinking of following your wife.
She passed here at dawn.
Come in and sit down! Here is where she sat before you."
He entered, and found an old woman, who told him to sit in the same place where his wife had sat.
He gave her the rabbit he had shot, as he was really hungry.
"Oh, my grandchild must be very hungry!" she cried, " so I shall cook for him," said the old crone.
Her kettle was no larger than a thimble.
She put in one morsel of meat and one little berry.
The youth thought that was a very small allowance, when he was really hungry.
"O my grandchild!" the old woman said aloud in answer to his thoughts, "no one has ever eaten all my kettle holds.
You are wrong if you think you won't get enough of this."
But he still thought so, and did not believe her.
After the food was cooked, she said, "Eat, nosis!" and gave him a spoon.
He took out the piece of meat and the berry; but when he had eaten it, the kettle was still full.
He did this many times over.
When he had finished, he had not eaten it all, yet he had enough.
Then the grandmother told him that he had married one of ten sisters.
"They are not real people," she said, "they are from way up in the skies.
They have ten brothers.
There are three more of your grandmothers on the road where you are going.
Each will tell you to go back, as I advised you; but if you insist, I will give you two bones to help you climb over the mountains."
Now, this old woman was really a moose, and not a human grandmother at all.
"If you get into difficulties, you must cry, 'Where is my grandmother?' and use these two front shin-bones of the moose that I gave you."
He slept there, and in the morning she gave him breakfast from the same kettle.
When he was through she said, "Do not walk fast.
Even if you rest on the way, you will reach your next grandmother in the evening.
If you walk as fast as you can, you will get there at night."
He followed the trail as fast as he could, for he did not believe his grandmother.
In the evening he killed a rabbit; and when he came out of the brush, there stood another lonely lodge, as before.
"O my grandchild! there is room in here for you to come in," cried a voice.
"Your wife passed here early yesterday morning."
Yet he had travelled two days. "She came in here!"
The old woman cooked for him in the same way as his other grandmother had done.
Again he did not believe in her kettle, for he had already forgotten about his first grandmother.
This grandmother was older than the first one whom he had left, and who was the youngest of the four grandmothers he was to meet.
They were all sisters. "Why did you not believe my sister when she told you to go slowly? When you go fast, you make the trail longer.
Hau, nosis! it is a difficult country where you are going," she cried.
She gave him a squirrel-skin, saying, "Use this, nosis, whenever you are in difficulties. 'Where is my grandmother?' you shall say.
This is what makes everything easy.
You will cry, and you will throw it away. You will not leave me till the morning."
So very early next day he started off.
He went very slowly; and in a few minutes it was night, and he killed another rabbit.
When he came out of the brush, he saw another lodge, a little nearer than the others, and less ragged.
The old woman said to him, "Your wife passed here the same morning that she left up there"; and this grandmother made supper for him, as the others had done.
This time the food was corn.
"Nosis, your last grandmother, who is my sister, will give you good advice.
Your wife has had a child already.
Go very slowly, and you will reach there at night; it is not far from here. It is a very difficult country where you are going. Maybe you will not be able to get there."
She gave him a stuffed frog and some glue. "Whenever the mountains are too steep for you to climb, cry, 'Where is my grandmother?' put glue on your hands, and climb, and you will stick to the rocks.
When you reach your next grandmother, she will advise you well.
Your child is a little boy."
In the morning he had breakfast, and continued on the trail.
He went on slowly, and it was soon night, and he killed another rabbit.
When he reached the next lodge, nearer than all the rest, his grandmother said, "They have been saying you would be here after your wife; she passed here four days ago at dawn."
The youth entered the tent, and found that this grandmother was a fine young girl in appearance.
She said, "To-morrow at noon your wife is going to be married, and the young men will all sit in a circle and pass your child around.
The man upon whom he urinates will be known as his father, and she will marry him."
The old woman took off her belt, rolled it up nicely, and gave it to him.
"This is the last one that you will use," she said, "When you are in trouble, cry out, 'Where is my grandmother?' and throw the belt out, and it will stick up there, so you can climb up to the top.
Before noon you will reach a perpendicular precipice like a wall.
Your wife is not of our people. She is one of the Thunderers."
That night the youth camped there. In the morning he had food.
"If you manage to climb the mountain somehow," his grandmother said to him before he started, "you will cross the hill and see a steep slope, and there you will find a nest.
There is one egg in it.
That is a Thunderer's nest.
As you come down, you will strike the last difficult place.
There is a large log across a river.
The river is very deep, and the log revolves constantly.
There you will find a big camp, headed by your father-in-law, who owns everything there. There is one old woman just on this side.
She is one of us sisters; she is the second oldest of us.
You will see bones strewn about when you get there.
Many young men go there when they are looking for their wives, and their bones you will see lying about.
The Thunderer destroys everything.
Some have been cut in halves when they tried to get over the cut-knife mountain."
When the youth came to the mountain, he took first the two bones, and cried, "O grandmother! where are you?" and as he cried, she called from far off, "He, nosis, do not get into trouble!"
He drove the bones into the mountain and climbed up hand over hand, driving them in as he climbed.
The bones pierced the rock.
When he looked back, he saw that he was far up.
He continued until the bones began to grow short, and at last he had to stop.
Then he took out the squirrel-hide, called upon his grandmother for help, and threw the skin ahead.
He went up in the air following it.
All at once he stopped, and his nails wore out on the rock as he slipped back.
Then he took the glue out of its bundle.
He cried for his grandmother, and heard her answer.
She had told him that he would find a hollow at one place, and there he rested on a ledge when his glue gave out.
Then he called for his next grandmother, heard her answer, and cast out his belt, unrolling it.
Then he climbed up the sharp summit. He felt of the edge, which was very sharp indeed. Then he became apiece of eagle-down.
"The eagle-down loved me once.
I shall be it, and blow over the ledge," he cried.
When he got across, he saw the Thunderer's nest and the two Thunderers and their egg.
He found a trail from there on, until he came to the rolling log that lay across the deep river. Then he became down again, and blew across; and though many others had been drowned there, he crossed alive.
He went on, and at last saw a small, low lodge with a little stone beside it.
His last grandmother had told him to enter, as this was the abode of one of her sisters.
So he went in.
"Ha, ha, ha, nosis!" she cried, "They said a long time ago that you were following your wife. She is to be married right now."--"Yes," he said. The marriage was to be in a lodge.
He went there, peeped in, and a man saw him, who said, "Are you coming in?
Our chief says he will pass the child about and he on whose breast it urinates shall marry its mother."
So he went in.
The girl saw him, and told her mother.
"Oh, that is the one I married."
When he arrived there, Mudjikiwis (not the youth's brother, but another one, a Thunderer) was there too.
They took the child, and one man passed it.
Mudjikiwis, the Thunderer, held some water in his mouth.
He seized the child, crying, "Come here, nosis!" and spat the water over himself; but, when he tried to claim the child, all the others laughed, as they had seen his trick.
When the child's real father took it up, it urinated on him.
Then all went out. The chief said, "Do not let my son-in-law walk about, because he is really tired.
He shall not walk for ten days."
His father-in-law would go off all day.
Hanging in the lodge the youth saw his brother's arrow, with which his wife had been shot. The father-in-law would burn sweet-grass for the arrow at the rare intervals when he came back, for he would be off for days at a time.
On the fifth night the youth felt rested, and could walk a little.
Then he asked his wife, "Why does your father smoke that arrow?" and she answered, "Oh, we never see those things up here.
It is from below, and he thinks highly of it; therefore he does so."
On the sixth night he was able to walk around in the brush; and he came to a spring, where he found, on the surface of the water, a rusty stain with which he: painted his face.
He returned, and, as he was entering, his father-in-law cried, "Oh, that is why I want a son-in-law that is a human being!
Where did he kill that bear?
He is covered with blood. Go and dress it," he ordered.
The youth was frightened, as he had not seen any bear at all.
"You people that live below," his wife said, "call them Giant Panthers.
Show your brothers-in-law where it is."
The youth took his brother-in-law to the spring.
"Here is where I found the Panther," he said.
The ten Thunderers came up and struck the spring, and killed something there.
After that the youth looked for springs all the time, and it came to pass that he found a number.
One day he asked his wife, "Why does your father go away for whole days at a time?" and his wife said, "There is a large lake up here, and he hunts for fish there.
He kills one every day, seldom two.
He is the only one that can kill them."
The next morning the youth went to the lake, and found his father-in-law sitting by the shore fishing.
The old man had a peculiar spear, which was forked at the end.
The youth took it, and put barbs on it, so that the old man was able to catch a number of fish quickly.
Then they went home.
When they arrived, his father-in-law said, "My son-in-law has taken many of them.
I myself can only kill one, and sometimes two."
So he told all the people to go and get fish and eat them freely.
On the following day, the young man, according to his mother-in-law's wish, took his wife to fish.
They took many fish, and carried them home.
The father-in-law knew, before they returned, that they had caught many.
The old man had had a dream.
When he saw how the youth prepared the spear which his daughter had given him, he said, referring to his dream, "My dream was wrong, I thought the youngest of the ten liked me the best.
I made the spear in the way I saw it, not as this one has shown me.
It is due to my dream that it is wrong.
Your nine brothers are having a hard time.
Now, my sons, your sisters are going away soon to be married."
For nine nights the youth saw a dim light at a distance.
The father-in-law said to him, " Do not go there, for a powerful being lives there."
The tenth night, however, the youth disobeyed this injunction.
When he reached there, he saw a tall tree, and a huge porcupine that was burrowing at the foot of the tree.
The porcupine struck the tree, and tried to kill it by shooting its quills into it.
After the porcupine had shot off all its quills, the youth knocked it on the head, took two long quills from the tree, and carried them home.
Even before he got there, his father-in-law knew what had happened.
They were delighted, for they said that the porcupine would kill the Thunderers when they tried to attack it.
The father-in-law went out, and called to his sons to go and dress the porcupine that the youth had killed.
The latter gave the two quills to his wife, though his father-in-law wanted them.
The father-in-law said, "My children, this porcupine killed all our friends when they went to war against it.
My sons-in-law below are miserable and lonely."
The eldest of the daughters, who was called Mudjikiskwe'wic, was delighted at the news. "You will marry the oldest one, Mudjikiwis," she was told.
They were all to be married in order, the eldest girl to the eldest brother, the youngest to the youngest one.
The old man said, "Mudjikiskwe'wic shall take her brother-in-law with her when she goes down to the earth."
The young women went down. Sh-swsh! went Mudjikiskwe'wic (the girl) with her dress. They reached the steep place, and the married woman said to her husband that they would fly around.
" If you do not catch me when I fly past, you will be killed here."
The women went off a little ways, and a heavy thunderstorm arose, big black clouds and lightning, yet he saw Mudjikiskwe'wic in it.
She was green, and so was the sun; and as they passed she shouted once, then again a little nearer, and again close by.
Then he jumped off and caught her by the back.
He closed his eyes as he did so, and did not open them until the Thunderer wife said, "Now let go!"
Then he found himself at home.
He left the girls behind, and went to the lodge and opened the door a little.
As soon as he was inside, he said, "My brothers, I am here!"
They were lying in the ashes around the fire.
"The Canada jays always make me angry when they say that," they retorted, and they threw a handful of ashes towards the door.
"My brothers, I am coming!" he said again.
"Ah! that is what the Crows say to make us angry," retorted the rest, and they threw ashes towards the door.
"My brothers, I am coming!" he declared.
"Ah! that is what the Chickadees say to make us angry," cried they, and threw ashes once more.
Then for the fourth time, he cried, "My brothers, get up!" Then Mudjikiwis cried, "Look up! See who it is! They never say that four times!"
They looked up and their eyes were swollen from weeping on account of their brother.
They were covered with ashes.
When they opened their eyes, they saw their fifth brother restored.
"Arise, wash your faces, and fix camp!" said he. "I have brought sisters-in-law with me."
Mudjikiwis was glad to hear this, and he and the others began to decorate themselves.
They took white earth from crawfish-holes, and painted their faces with it.
Mudjikiwis seized his winking war-club, and they made the lodge larger by spreading the poles.
Then the fifth brother called the sisters-in-law, and they all came in.
The fifth son told Mudjikiskwe'wic that the youngest of the sisters should come in first, she herself last, although it would have been proper for the eldest brother to receive his wife first.
"Do not come in till I call you, saying, 'Now, come! my brothers are tired waiting.'" Mudjikiskwe'wic promised to obey.
Mudjikiwis sat with his head in his hands, and peeped at each girl.
He saw them sit by his brothers, until every one but he was furnished with a wife. Then there was a pause.
Mudjikiwis began to weep, and he sniffed audibly.
At last the fifth brother had pity on him, and called the girl in. She came in with a swishing sound of rustling clothing.
Then Mudjikiwis was very glad.
"What shall we feed them on?" said one. "Let me see!" said Mudjikiwis, and he took his winking club and went out, and clubbed a bear right there.
"O wife! we shall have a meal of bear-meat!" he cried. Mudjikiskwe'wic replied, "Oh, you are hunting my younger brother!"--"Oh, I did not mean to kill my brother-in-law," retorted the other.
And they are married today, and live where the sun does not shine.